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Migraine MLT-down: an unusual presentation of migraine in patients with aspartame-triggered headaches.
|
Aspartame, an artificial sweetener added to many foods and beverages, may trigger headaches in susceptible individuals. We report two patients with aspartame-triggered attacks in whom the use of an aspartame-containing acute medication (Maxalt-MLT) worsened an ongoing attack of migraine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aspartame', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Serotonin Receptor Agonists', 'Sweetening Agents', 'Triazoles', 'Tryptamines']
| 11,703,479
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.456.345.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.800', 'D27.505.696.577.850.800'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700'], ['D03.383.129.799'], ['D02.092.211.215.801', 'D03.633.100.473.914']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
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| 1
| 1
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Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
|
Kruppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) is a transcription factor expressed by embryonic endodermal progenitors that form the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. A Klf5 floxed allele was efficiently deleted from the intestinal epithelium by a Cre transgene under control of the Shh promoter resulting in the inhibition of villus morphogenesis and epithelial differentiation. Although proliferation of the intestinal epithelium was maintained, the expression of Elf3, Pparã, Atoh1, Ascl2, Neurog3, Hnf4á, Cdx1, and other genes associated with epithelial cell differentiation was inhibited in the Klf5-deficient intestines. At E18.5, Klf5(Ä/Ä) fetuses lacked the apical brush border characteristic of enterocytes, and a loss of goblet and enteroendocrine cells was observed. The failure to form villi was not attributable to the absence of HH or PDGF signaling, known mediators of this developmental process. Klf5-deletion blocked the decrease in FoxA1 and Sox9 expression that accompanies normal villus morphogenesis. KLF5 directly inhibited activity of the FoxA1 promoter, and in turn FOXA1 inhibited Elf3 gene expression in vitro, linking the observed loss of Elf3 with the persistent expression of FoxA1 observed in Klf5-deficient mice. Genetic network analysis identified KLF5 as a key transcription factor regulating intestinal cell differentiation and cell adhesion. These studies indicate a novel requirement for KLF5 to initiate morphogenesis of the early endoderm into a compartmentalized intestinal epithelium comprised of villi and terminally differentiated cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors', 'Mice', 'Microvilli', 'Morphogenesis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors']
| 23,266,329
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['D12.776.260.262.750', 'D12.776.260.950.249.500', 'D12.776.660.352.750', 'D12.776.930.318.750', 'D12.776.930.977.249.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D12.776.260.522', 'D12.776.930.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['G07.345.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Organization and adhesive properties of the hyaluronan pericellular coat of chondrocytes and epithelial cells.
|
Hyaluronan is a megadalton glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating units of D-N-acetylglucosamine-beta-D-Glucuronic acid. It is known to form a highly hydrated pericellular coat around chondrocytes, fibrosarcoma, and smooth muscle cells. Using environmental scanning electron microscopy we detected fully hydrated hyaluronan pericellular coats around rat chondrocytes (RCJ-P) and epithelial cells (A6). Hyaluronan mediates early adhesion of both chondrocytes and A6 cells to glass surfaces. We show that chondrocytes in suspension establish early "soft contacts" with the substrate through a thick, hyaluronidase-sensitive coat (4.4 +/- 0.7 microm). Freshly-attached cells drift under shear stress, leaving hyaluronan "footprints" on the surface. This suggests that chondrocytes are surrounded by a multilayer of entangled hyaluronan molecules. In contrast, A6 cells have a 2.2 +/- 0.4- microm-thick hyaluronidase-sensitive coat, do not drift under shear stress, and remain firmly anchored to the surface. We consider the possibility that in A6 cells single hyaluronan molecules, spanning the whole thickness of the pericellular coat, mediate these tight contacts.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Chondrocytes', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Hyaluronoglucosaminidase', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Time Factors', 'Water', 'Xenopus']
| 12,944,312
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.329.171'], ['A11.436'], ['D09.698.373'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D08.811.277.450.529', 'D08.811.520.241.700.675'], ['G02.300'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.513.569', 'E05.490.630.569', 'E05.595.513.569'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction in lupus nephritis.
|
We prospectively evaluated 30 patients who presented with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for the presence of tubular abnormalities. All patients fulfilled the American Rheumatology Association criteria for SLE. When appropriate, a renal biopsy was performed. Of the 30 patients studied, 12 had no abnormal tubular study results, whereas 18 patients had some form of defect in the handling of potassium, sodium, or hydrogen ions. Eight patients had distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) due to an isolated proton secretory defect. Five had dRTA of the gradient or acid back-leak type. Two had an unresponsive voltage-dependent form of dRTA; one had a responsive voltage-dependent form of dRTA. One individual had hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and one had dRTA plus hypoaldosteronism. Clinically, patients with the abnormal tubular study results more often presented with nephritis or nephrotic sediment, peripheral edema, or anemia. Renal biopsies failed to demonstrate any difference in glomerular histologic findings and calculated activity, chronicity, or interstitial indexes. We conclude that SLE may be associated with a variety of tubular defects.
|
['Acidosis, Renal Tubular', 'Adult', 'Ammonium Chloride', 'Bicarbonates', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Lupus Nephritis', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sodium', 'Sodium Bicarbonate', 'Sulfates']
| 3,034,179
|
[['C12.777.419.815.093', 'C13.351.968.419.815.093', 'C16.320.831.093', 'C18.452.076.176.210'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D01.210.450.150.050', 'D01.625.062.249'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.396'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.680', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.680', 'C17.300.480.680', 'C20.111.590.560'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.200.275.150.100.800', 'D01.857.625'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Soil biochemical properties and stabilisation of soil organic matter in relation to deadwood of different species.
|
Despite the increasing number of studies on deadwood, we still have limited knowledge of its dynamics. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of deadwood on the biochemical properties of soil and stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM). The investigation was carried out in the Czarna R?zga Reserve in Central Poland. The logs of four tree species at different stages of decomposition (III, IV and V) were selected for the analysis. Three replicate logs were sampled for each combination of decay classes, and the soil samples were collected from directly under the logs and from 1 m away from the logs. In this way, changes to the chemical and biochemical properties of the wood were determined. The SOM was physically fractioned. As the rate of deadwood decomposition increases, its biochemical activity increases and its chemical properties change. The biochemical activity, especially the soil's enzyme activity, was stimulated under highly decayed deadwood. The effects of deadwood are visible in SOM fractions, particularly in the content of the light fraction of SOM.
|
['Humic Substances', 'Poland', 'Soil', 'Trees', 'Wood']
| 30,668,687
|
[['D02.241.444', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.377', 'D20.721.500'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['B01.650.915'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 1
|
[Management of short-term absence in a hospital : empirical investigations for implementation of an intervention protocol].
|
Short-term absence is an important cost factor and its impact is a challenge for all management levels. In this study the effectiveness of a supportive intervention scheme for the reduction of hospital short-term absenteeism is demonstrated. Short-term absenteeism is defined here as being away from the working place for less than 5 days. The study design, which was created by forming an intervention and reference group at a departmental level, ensured neutrality of the participants and therefore high reliability of the results produced. A total of 2,398 employees in 74 organizational units were included. The intervention group included 27 organizational units and the reference group 22. In 25 units employees were either randomized into the control or the reference group. Of the employees 986 were randomized into the intervention group and 1,412 into the control group. Before the formal implementation of the intervention concept, the absence rate was 1.51% in the control group and 1.48% in the intervention group (not significant). In the units of the intervention study arm the absence rate was reduced by 30% to 1.16%. When comparing the results at the employee level, the absence rate in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (0.78% versus 1.17%, p<0.01). Furthermore the effects of the intervention concept were sustained even after the formal ending of the intervention period. This activity has a significant influence on both the absenteeism statistics and the hospital's performance. An implementation of the scheme mainly in the core departments of the hospital, such as the operating theatre, anesthesiology and intensive care has proven to be very helpful.
|
['Absenteeism', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Hospital Administration', 'Hospital Units', 'Humans', 'Personnel Administration, Hospital', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Workforce']
| 20,458,454
|
[['F02.784.692.107'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['H02.309', 'N02.278.216.500', 'N04.452.442.452'], ['N02.278.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.565', 'N04.452.442.452.422.565', 'N04.452.677.440'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular cloning and expression of ribosome releasing factor.
|
Ribosome releasing factor (RRF) is responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of Escherichia coli protein biosynthesis (Hirashima, A., and Kaji, A. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 4037-4044). RRF has been partially analyzed by Edman degradation to obtain its amino acid sequence. Based on this analysis, a 47-nucleotide probe was synthesized and used to screen clones from the Clarke and Carbon Gene Bank which carry sequences within the 0-10 min region of the E. coli gene map. The entire RRF cistron was detected on the plasmid pLC6-32. The DNA sequence of RRF was determined, and it was deduced that RRF consists of 185 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 20,639. A rho-independent transcriptional termination sequence was found immediately downstream of the RRF cistron. The RRF gene was subcloned into the vector pUC19, and the resulting plasmid was named pRR1. E. coli harboring this plasmid expressed much more RRF than cells containing pUC19, and it was biologically active.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Plasmids', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 2,684,966
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of single and dual physical modifications on pinh?o starch.
|
Pinh?o starch was modified by annealing (ANN), heat-moisture (HMT) or sonication (SNT) treatments. The starch was also modified by a combination of these treatments (ANN-HMT, ANN-SNT, HMT-ANN, HMT-SNT, SNT-ANN, SNT-HMT). Whole starch and debranched starch fractions were analyzed by gel-permeation chromatography. Moreover, crystallinity, morphology, swelling power, solubility, pasting and gelatinization characteristics were evaluated. Native and single ANN and SNT-treated starches exhibited a CA-type crystalline structure while other modified starches showed an A-type structure. The relative crystallinity increased in ANN-treated starches and decreased in single HMT- and SNT-treated starches. The ANN, HMT and SNT did not provide visible cracks, notches or grooves to pinh?o starch granule. SNT applied as second treatment was able to increase the peak viscosity of single ANN- and HMT-treated starches. HMT used alone or in dual modifications promoted the strongest effect on gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy.
|
['Crystallization', 'Hot Temperature', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Molecular Weight', 'Sonication', 'Starch', 'Thermodynamics', 'Tracheophyta', 'Viscosity']
| 25,977,003
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.848'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['G01.906'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Monosodium urate burden assessed with dual-energy computed tomography predicts the risk of flares in gout: a 12-month observational study : MSU burden and risk of gout flare.
|
BACKGROUND: Predicting the risk of flares in patients with gout is a challenge and the link between urate burden and the risk of gout flare is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if the extent of monosodium urate (MSU) burden measured with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and ultrasonography (US) is predictive of the risk of gout flares.METHODS: This prospective observational study recruited patients with gout to undergo MSU burden assessment with DECT (volume of deposits) and US (double contour sign) scans of the knees and feet. Patients attended follow-up visits at 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients having presented with at least one flare at 6 months were compared to those who did not flare. Odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval) for the risk of flare were calculated.RESULTS: Overall, 64/78 patients included attended at least one follow-up visit. In bivariate analysis, the number of joints with the double contour sign was not associated with the risk of flare (p = 0.67). Multivariate analysis retained a unique variable: DECT MSU volume of the feet. For each 1 cm3 increase in DECT MSU volume in foot deposits, the risk of flare increased 2.03-fold during the first 6 months after initial assessment (OR 2.03 (1.15-4.38)). The threshold volume best discriminating patients with and without flare was 0.81 cm3 (specificity 61%, sensitivity 77%).CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study showing that the extent of MSU burden measured with DECT but not US is predictive of the risk of flares.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cost of Illness', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gout', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Symptom Flare Up', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Uric Acid']
| 30,223,875
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C05.550.114.423', 'C05.550.354.500', 'C05.799.414', 'C16.320.565.798.368', 'C18.452.648.798.368'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C23.550.291.937.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Premortem diagnosis of an acute case utilizing magnetic resonance imaging.
|
Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a rare demyelinating disease involving the corpus callosum and other central white matter tracts. In the patient described here, the disease produced extensive demyelination of the corpus callosum and deep cerebral white matter. This widespread demyelination, confirmed pathologically, was associated with a fulminant fatal course. The magnetic resonance imaging appearance is quite suggestive of Marchiafava-Bignami disease and plays an important role in the premortem diagnosis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male']
| 8,186,525
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['C10.314'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Real time monitoring of sickle cell hemoglobin fiber formation by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy.
|
In sickle cell hemoglobin, individual tetramers associate into long fibers as a consequence of the mutation at the beta6 position. In this study UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is used to monitor the formation of Hb S fibers in real time through aromatic amino acid vibrational modes. The intermolecular contact formed by the mutation site ((1)beta(1)6 Glu-->Val) of one tetramer and the (2)beta(2)85 Phe-(2)beta(2)88 Leu hydrophobic pocket on a different tetramer is observed by monitoring the increase in signal intensity of Phe vibrational modes as a function of time, yielding kinetic progress curves similar to those obtained by turbidity measurements. Comparison of individual spectra collected at early time points (<1000 s) show small Phe intensity changes, which are attributed to weak transient associations of Hb S tetramers during the initial stages of the polymerization process. At later times (1000-2000 s) Phe signal intensity steadily increases because of increasing hydrophobicity of local Phe environment, a consequence of forming more stable (1)beta(1)-(2)beta(2) contacts. Tyr and Trp vibrational modes monitor H-bond strength between critical residues at the alpha(1)beta(2) interface of individual tetramers. Kinetic progress curves generated from these signals exhibit two distinct transitions at 2040 and 7340 s. These transitions, which occur later in time than those detected either by turbidity (1560 s) or by Phe signal intensity (1680 s), are attributed to initial fiber formation and subsequent formation of larger assemblies, such as macrofibers or gels. These results provide molecular insight into the interactions governing Hb S fiber formation.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hemoglobin, Sickle', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation', 'Phenylalanine', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Subunits', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Tryptophan', 'Tyrosine']
| 19,778,007
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D12.776.124.400.463.588', 'D12.776.422.316.762.426.588'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.813'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition.
|
Our basic understanding of plant litter decomposition informs the assumptions underlying widely applied soil biogeochemical models, including those embedded in Earth system models. Confidence in projected carbon cycle-climate feedbacks therefore depends on accurate knowledge about the controls regulating the rate at which plant biomass is decomposed into products such as CO2. Here we test underlying assumptions of the dominant conceptual model of litter decomposition. The model posits that a primary control on the rate of decomposition at regional to global scales is climate (temperature and moisture), with the controlling effects of decomposers negligible at such broad spatial scales. Using a regional-scale litter decomposition experiment at six sites spanning from northern Sweden to southern France-and capturing both within and among site variation in putative controls-we find that contrary to predictions from the hierarchical model, decomposer (microbial) biomass strongly regulates decomposition at regional scales. Furthermore, the size of the microbial biomass dictates the absolute change in decomposition rates with changing climate variables. Our findings suggest the need for revision of the hierarchical model, with decomposers acting as both local- and broad-scale controls on litter decomposition rates, necessitating their explicit consideration in global biogeochemical models.
|
['Carbon Cycle', 'Climate', 'Climate Change', 'Europe', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 29,133,902
|
[['G02.607.125', 'G16.500.150'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['Z01.542'], ['E05.599'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Extravascular lung water.
|
Extravascular lung water (idQw1) is measured in vivo from the difference in mean transit times, computed by extrapolating the dilution curves, of two indicators, one freely diffusible, the other confined to the intravascular space. Using 3H2O it has been shown that idQw1 is smaller than the amount of extravascular water obtained from the difference between wet and dry lung weight (Qw1). Extrapolation allows one to use dilution curves for a short time, i.e., up to onset of obvious recirculation. Clearing the dilution curves or recirculation by deconvolution extends the observation time, which then becomes limited by sampling duration rather than onset of recirculation. This procedure entails recording recirculating tracers in the pulmonary artery (PA). Dilutions of tracers at input in PA and output in a systemic artery must be related to each other as continuous time functions. This is accomplished by means of a convolution integral. Deconvolution yields the frequency function of water molecule transit time in the extravascular lung space, l(t). In dogs and men, in both normal and edematous lungs, l(t) exhibits a knee and a fairly long tail. Extravascular lung water computed from l(t), idcQw1, agrees with Qw1 and correlates with data on the extravascular thermal volume of the lung and with radiographic findings of lung edema. A radiographic score of pulmonary edema may be used clinically to assess extravascular lung water in cardiac patients and in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome.
|
['Capillary Permeability', 'Humans', 'Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Thermodilution', 'Tritium']
| 3,609,066
|
[['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.700.650.650', 'G09.772.600'], ['C08.381.742'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['E05.484.750'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Asymptomatic methaemoglobinaemia and its implications.
|
Anaesthetists are well trained to detect subtle skin signs of life-threatening situations such as cyanosis in hypoxia. However, cyanosis resulting from drug-induced, asymptomatic methaemoglobinaemia is rare and is likely to go undetected preoperatively. Patients presenting with asymptomatic methaemoglobinaemia may, therefore, offer a dramatic challenge to the unprepared anaesthetist. We report a case of methaemoglobinaemia secondary to dapsone ingestion that was diagnosed intraoperatively.
|
['Cyanosis', 'Dapsone', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Leprostatic Agents', 'Male', 'Methemoglobinemia', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,689,284
|
[['C23.888.248'], ['D02.886.590.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.777'], ['C15.378.619'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Abnormal pulmonary function and associated risk factors in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia.
|
Obstructive and restrictive pulmonary changes develop in children with sickle cell disease, but reports conflict as to the type of change that predominates. We prospectively performed spirometry, plethysmography, and lung diffusing capacity in 146 children aged 7 to 20 years with hemoglobin SS or Sâ(0)-thalassemia. Nineteen percent of the patients had obstructive physiology as defined according to guidelines of the American Thoracic Society. In addition, 9% had restrictive physiology and 11% had abnormal but not categorized physiology. Increasing age, patient-reported or family-reported history of asthma or wheezing, and higher lactate dehydrogenase concentration were independent predictors of obstruction as reflected in lower forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity. In conclusion, abnormal pulmonary function, most often obstructive, is common in children with hemoglobin SS and Sâ(0)-thalassemia. Full pulmonary function testing should be performed in children with hemoglobin SS or Sâ(0)-thalassemia, especially with history of asthma or wheezing and accentuated elevations in hemolytic markers.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 24,309,610
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['G09.772'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improvement in use of anticoagulation therapy in patients with ischemic stroke: results from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke.
|
BACKGROUND: Anticoagulation therapy reduces thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and has a class I indication for ischemic stroke patients with AF and no contraindications. We determined the patient and hospital level characteristics associated with an increased use of anticoagulation, including participation in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) Program.METHODS: We assessed the use of anticoagulation at hospital discharge in eligible AF patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) at 1,354 participating hospitals between April 1, 2003, and April 1, 2010.RESULTS: Patients with AF (n = 197,778) represented 20.5% of patients with ischemic stroke/TIA. Among patients with AF, 47.6% (n = 94,119) were deemed eligible for anticoagulation, and of these, 94.0% were discharged on therapy. Older patients, African American or Hispanic patients, and those with diabetes were less likely to receive anticoagulation. Hospitals with a higher volume of patients with stroke were more likely to treat with anticoagulation. The Joint Commission Primary Stroke Centers were also more likely to treat eligible patients (odds ratio 2.16, 95% CI 1.82-2.56, P < .0001). From 2003 to 2010, contraindications to anticoagulation therapy declined from 69.7% to 28.4% (P < .0001 for trend). Anticoagulation among eligible patients improved from 88.4% to 95.2% (P < .0001) for 7 years of participation. Time in GWTG-Stroke was associated with improved anticoagulation use (adjusted odds ratio per year in program, 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Use of anticoagulation among stroke patients with AF has increased to very high levels overall in GWTG-Stroke over time. Future efforts should focus on improving use among selected populations.
|
['Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Stroke']
| 21,982,662
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Toxicity of the chemiluminescent material Cyalume in anatomic assessment of the nasolacrimal system.
|
One of the most intriguing recent ideas for anatomic assessment of the nasolacrimal system is the use of chemiluminescence, whereby the entire system can be made visible in the physician's office. The potential toxicity of the chemiluminescent material Cyalume was evaluated through a clinical and pathological study of 34 rabbit eyes exposed ot it in various ways. When Cyalume was sealed in the nasolacrimal system, simulating clinical blockage, there were no toxic effects, even after 30 to 40 days, and only minimal side effects occurred with similarly prolonged subcutaneous exposure to the material. However, subtarsorrhaphic, subconjunctival and intra-aqueous deposits had caused serious complications in high proportions of eyes after 30 to 40 days. Similar toxic effects occurred, though, in all control eyes treated with Ethiodan (iophendylate), a contrast medium commonly and safely used in dacryocystography, which was injected either subconjunctivally or into the anterior chamber. Thus, Cyalume should have minimal toxicity when used clinically in the proposed fashion, provided extravasation of the material is carefully avoided.
|
['Animals', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Nasolacrimal Duct', 'Phthalic Acids', 'Rabbits', 'Radiography']
| 6,871,791
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['A09.371.463.640'], ['D02.241.223.805'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of long term outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with undifferentiated arthritis or with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: The outcome of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) ranges from remission to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria.OBJECTIVES: To report the outcome of UA after 1 year of follow up and compare the disease course of patients who presented with UA, but evolved into RA within 1 year (UA-RA group), with that of patients who presented with RA fulfilling the ACR criteria (RA-RA group).METHODS: The diagnosis of 330 patients who presented with UA was recorded at 1 year. The UA-RA and RA-RA groups were then followed up for 3 more years. Outcome measurements were radiographic progression, disease activity, and functional capacity.RESULTS: From 330 patients who were diagnosed UA, 91 had evolved into RA at 1 year; 62 patients had presented with RA. No significant differences were detected between the UA-RA and RA-RA groups in median Sharp/van der Heijde score at baseline, radiographic progression rates, disease activity, and functional capacity. However, significantly more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs were prescribed in the RA-RA group.CONCLUSION: The disease outcome of patients who present with UA that evolves into RA within 1 year is the same as that of patients who present with RA as measured by radiographic progression, disease activity, and functional capacity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Disease Progression', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Prognosis', 'Radiography', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,901,632
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Computational discovery of transcriptional regulatory rules.
|
MOTIVATION: Even in a simple organism like yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcription is an extremely complex process. The expression of sets of genes can be turned on or off by the binding of specific transcription factors to the promoter regions of genes. Experimental and computational approaches have been proposed to establish mappings of DNA-binding locations of transcription factors. However, although location data obtained from experimental methods are noisy owing to imperfections in the measuring methods, computational approaches suffer from over-prediction problems owing to the short length of the sequence motifs bound by the transcription factors. Also, these interactions are usually environment-dependent: many regulators only bind to the promoter region of genes under specific environmental conditions. Even more, the presence of regulators at a promoter region indicates binding but not necessarily function: the regulator may act positively, negatively or not act at all. Therefore, identifying true and functional interactions between transcription factors and genes in specific environment conditions and describing the relationship between them are still open problems.RESULTS: We developed a method that combines expression data with genomic location information to discover (1) relevant transcription factors from the set of potential transcription factors of a target gene; and (2) the relationship between the expression behavior of a target gene and that of its relevant transcription factors. Our method is based on rule induction, a machine learning technique that can efficiently deal with noisy domains. When applied to genomic location data with a confidence criterion relaxed to P-value = 0.005, and three different expression datasets of yeast S.cerevisiae, we obtained a set of regulatory rules describing the relationship between the expression behavior of a specific target gene and that of its relevant transcription factors. The resulting rules provide strong evidence of true positive gene-regulator interactions, as well as of protein-protein interactions that could serve to identify transcription complexes.AVAILABILITY: Supplementary files are available from http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~h-pham/regulatory-rules
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 16,204,087
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for urinary incontinence in Turkish women. A cross-sectional study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between conventional risk factors and urinary leakage among a random sample of adult Turkish women.METHODS: Six hundred and fifty patients (mean age 33.2 +/- 10.6 years; range 17-65 years) attending 6 Primary Health Care Centers in the Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey were randomly enrolled in this study, between September 2005 and December 2005. After signing their informed consent, all patients filled in a questionnaire consisting of questions inquiring any kind of urinary leakage, related symptomatology and personal medical history.RESULTS: One hundred and six women (16.4%) with urinary incontinence (UI) were reported. The most frequent type of incontinence was mixed UI (n=65, 61.3%). The prevalence of stress UI among all incontinent women was 20.8% (n=22) and urge UI 17.9% (n=19). The prevalence was associated with age, body mass index and parity. Number of pregnancies was positively correlated with prevalence of incontinence (r=0.30, p<0.001). Women who had >2 deliveries had a higher risk of UI (odds ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 6.89, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The results of this study supported previous reports revealing that age, body mass index, type of deliveries and number of pregnancies/deliveries are risk factors of UI, and showed that age, body mass index and number of pregnancies should be regarded as independent risk factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cesarean Section', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Turkey', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress']
| 17,106,542
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E04.520.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In situ observation of oxidation of liquid droplets of tin and melting behavior of a tin particle covered with a tin oxide layer.
|
Oxidation of a liquid droplet of tin (Sn) was observed using an in situ specimen heating holder in an oxygen environment. The surface of the Sn liquid droplet was covered with a tin oxide layer, Sn(3)O(4), the thickness of which depended on the oxygen pressure and temperature. Subsequent cooling of the droplet resulted in the formation of a solid Sn particle covered with a Sn(3)O(4) layer. The solid Sn particle was then heated above the melting temperature of Sn, and the melting behavior of Sn was observed.
|
['Freezing', 'Nanoparticles', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxides', 'Oxygen', 'Phase Transition', 'Temperature', 'Tin']
| 19,156,703
|
[['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.268.556.875', 'D01.552.544.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A comparative subjective assessment study of PENNSAID® and Voltaren Gel®, two topical formulations of diclofenac sodium.
|
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that is debilitating for many individuals. While oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain a common and effective treatment approach to managing OA, concerns over cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events can potentially limit their use. Various formulations of topical NSAIDs have been shown to provide effective localized treatment with minimal adverse events. A patient perception study was conducted to evaluate patient preference between topical diclofenac sodium gel and that of diclofenac sodium topical solution with the penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomized and asked to administer one dose of the topical products. Surveys were provided and assessed immediately after application, 5 minutes after application, and after the application had dried to gauge subjects' overall experience with the topical preparation. Overall, each drug's application was well tolerated and no adverse events were reported. Results of the patient preference survey demonstrated that topical diclofenac solution with DMSO had a number of characteristics that were rated significantly better than for diclofenac sodium gel. Mean subjective responses to topical diclofenac solution with DMSO were also more favorable for most items in the questionnaire, and more subjects preferred or highly preferred topical diclofenac solution with DMSO over diclofenac sodium gel.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Diclofenac', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Single-Blind Method']
| 20,854,305
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D02.241.223.601.210'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A new, brief questionnaire (PEQ) developed in primary health care for measuring patients' experience of interaction, emotion and consultation outcome.
|
BACKGROUND: A deepened understanding of patients' perspectives is essential in order to improve medical communication. By changing focus from patient satisfaction to patient experiences, more immediate, personal and affective responses may be captured.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to develop a new consultation-specific questionnaire on patient experiences.METHODS: The questionnaire was developed in Norwegian primary care in three main phases. Phase 1: focus groups with patients in order to identify important aspects of patients' experiences, and their words and language when describing such experiences. Phase 2: a questionnaire survey with 110 items including 660 patients. Extensive testing resulted in a reduction to 25 items on six dimensions. Phase 3: a questionnaire survey with 25 items including 1092 patients. Psychometric analyses and feedback from patients and physicians involved dimensionality and tests of validity and reliability.RESULTS: A final questionnaire was produced with 18 items on five dimensions: communication; emotions; short-term outcome; barriers; and relations with the auxiliary staff. The validity and reliability estimates were highly satisfactory. Three scales were skewed while two were more equally distributed. Forty-eight per cent of the patients described less than optimal communication experiences; some communication barriers were detected in 70% of the visits and less helpful experiences with the staff were reported in 55% of the visits. Twenty-four per cent of patients left with no positive feelings, and 48% scored low on the outcome scale (knowledge, perceived result).CONCLUSIONS: The patient experience questionnaire (PEQ) emphasizes what patients value the most, i.e. interaction, emotions and outcome, and may represent a valuable tool for doctors who want feedback from their patients on the function of their doctor-patient relationships.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Primary Health Care', 'Psychometrics', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,477,049
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Unicycle injuries in the United States.
|
BACKGROUND: Unicycles are single-wheel machines ridden for transportation or recreation. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed that describe injury rates of unicycle use.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of unicycle injuries treated in United States (US) emergency departments (EDs).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission from 1991 through 2010.RESULTS: An estimated 3360 patients were treated for unicycle injuries from 1991 to 2010, averaging 168 injuries per year in the United States. Ten to fourteen-year-old patients represented 41% of the entire study cohort. Fractures represented approximately one third (32.9%) of all injuries treated. More than half (52.9%) of all injuries involved an extremity. Six of the 85 cases studied involved a head injury; all were aged younger than 18 years. Only 3.53% of all studied cases were admitted for further treatment. The rest were treated in the ED and discharged to home. Fractures were the primary diagnosis in all admitted cases.CONCLUSIONS: Based on NEISS data, unicycle injuries treated in EDs are relatively uncommon and rarely require admission. Of documented injuries, fractures and extremity injuries are most common. Additional research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these injuries as well as the potential need for helmet use advocacy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Lacerations', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recreation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sprains and Strains', 'United States', 'Upper Extremity', 'Young Adult']
| 23,871,477
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['C26.404'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['C26.540'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I03.450.642'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.844'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['A01.378.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L17.
|
The amino acid sequence of the rat 60S ribosomal subunit protein L17 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in two recombinant cDNAs. Ribosomal protein L17 has 184 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 21,383. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 17-19 copies of the L17 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 720 nucleotides in length. Rat L17 is homologous to human L17 and related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae YL17, Halobacterium marismortui L23, Halobacterium halobium L22e, Escherichia coli L22 and other members of the prokaryotic L22 family.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Library', 'Halobacterium', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Rats', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 2,069,571
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B02.200.400.400.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.835'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) from amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers tightly linked to the Vf gene in apple.
|
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers have become widely used in saturating the region of a gene of interest for the ultimate goal of map-based cloning of the gene or for marker-assisted selection. However, conversion of AFLP markers into restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers will greatly expand their usefulness in genetic applications. Previously, we have identified 15 AFLP markers tightly linked to the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. In this study, we have successfully converted 11 of these AFLPs into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Of the remaining four nonconverted AFLP markers, one, ET2MC8-1, has been found to be very short (83 base pairs) and is an A/T rich (90%) marker; a second, EA2MG11-1, has shown identical sequences between Malus floribunda 821 (the original source of the Vf gene) and scab-susceptible apple cultivars; while the other two, EA12MG16-1 and ET8MG1-1, have not been cloned. Using the 11 converted SCAR markers along with 5 previously identified SCAR markers, a high-resolution linkage map around the Vf gene has been constructed, and found to be consistent with its corresponding AFLP map. Three converted SCAR markers (ACS-3, -7, and -9) are inseparable from the Vf gene; whereas one (ACS-6) is located left of, and the remaining seven (ACS-1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -10, and -11) are located right of the Vf gene at genetic distances of 0.4 and 0.2 cM, respectively. A reliable and robust procedure for development of SCAR markers from AFLP markers is presented.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Rosales']
| 11,269,357
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Design of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase inhibitors by mimicking nature.
|
The inhibition of cysteine biosynthesis in prokaryotes and protozoa has been proposed to be relevant for the development of antibiotics. Haemophilus influenzae O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), catalyzing l-cysteine formation, is inhibited by the insertion of the C-terminal pentapeptide (MNLNI) of serine acetyltransferase into the active site. Four-hundred MNXXI pentapeptides were generated in silico, docked into OASS active site using GOLD, and scored with HINT. The terminal P5 Ile accounts for about 50% of the binding energy. Glu or Asp at position P4 and, to a lesser extent, at position P3 also significantly contribute to the binding interaction. The predicted affinity of 14 selected pentapeptides correlated well with the experimentally determined dissociation constants. The X-ray structure of three high affinity pentapeptide-OASS complexes were compared with the docked poses. These results, combined with a GRID analysis of the active site, allowed us to define a pharmacophoric scaffold for the design of peptidomimetic inhibitors.
|
['Catalytic Domain', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cysteine Synthase', 'Drug Design', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligopeptides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 19,928,859
|
[['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.913.225.224'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The glutamyl binding site of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata: enzyme kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyl-modified substrate analogues.
|
Trypanothione reductase, central to the redox defense systems of parasitic trypanosomes and leishmanias, is sufficiently different in its substrate-specificity from mammalian glutathione reductase to represent an attractive target for chemotherapeutic intervention. Previous studies of the physiological substrates trypanothione (N1,N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) and N1-glutathionylspermidine disulphide established that the spermidine moiety of these substrates can be replaced by the 3-dimethyl-propylamide group (N1-glutathionyl-N3-dimethyl-propylamide). With this modification, the specificity for the gamma-glutamyl moiety of the substrate was examined. Kinetic analysis of a series of substrate analogues indicated that neither the alpha-carboxylate or alpha-amino functions of the L-gamma-glutamyl group is essential for recognition, since this group could be replaced by uncharged benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butyloxycarbonyl groups with relative catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of 58 and 11%, respectively, of N1-glutathionyl-N3-dimethylpropylaminedisulphide. Other substitutions are less well tolerated (e.g., beta-L-aspartyl or aminobutyryl) or not at all (e.g., glutaryl). These findings are discussed in relation to the structural model of TR from Trypanosoma congolense. The successful structural replacements achieved have potential application for drug delivery.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Crithidia fasciculata', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Reductase', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases', 'Spermidine', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 8,105,896
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B01.268.475.868.110.350'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.682.667.092'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.682.608'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Homicide perpetrated by older people.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the circumstances in which older people commit homicide, the form of assessment they undergo and to examine the proportion of those who suffer from mental illness.METHODS: The study was carried out as part of the England and Wales National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness based on a five-year sample. The Inquiry was notified of the names of those over the age of 60 years convicted of homicide and also the details of the offence, sentencing and outcome in court by the Home Office. The Inquiry collected clinical data of those known to have had contact with mental health services from the responsible service and also retrieved psychiatric reports of those convicted.RESULTS: Homicide incidents perpetrated by older people typically involve a man killing his partner in an impulsive manner. The most common method was by using a sharp instrument (34%), followed by the use of a blunt instrument (26%). The use of firearms was rare (11%). Perpetrators aged 65 years and older were significantly more likely to kill a current or former spouse/partner and less likely to kill an acquaintance. Forty-four per cent of perpetrators over 65 years old suffered from depression at the time of the offence, whereas rates of schizophrenia and alcohol dependence were low.CONCLUSIONS: The information used in the study was extracted from a unique national database of homicide perpetrators. The characteristics and the circumstances of homicides perpetrated by older people are different to other age groups. An older-people homicide may be preventable if depression is identified early in older people.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'England', 'Female', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Spouses', 'Wales']
| 22,912,344
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816'], ['Z01.542.363.914']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Post-transcriptional suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase expression during pathogen-induced programmed cell death in tobacco.
|
As a means to eliminate pathogen-infected cells and prevent diseases, programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be a defense strategy employed by most multicellular organisms. Recent studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species, such as O2.- and H2O2, play a central role in the activation and propagation of pathogen-induced PCD in plants. However, plants contain several mechanisms that detoxify O2.- and H2O2 and may inhibit PCD. We found that during viral-induced PCD in tobacco, the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), a key H2O2 detoxifying enzyme, is post-transcriptionally suppressed. Thus, although the steady state level of transcripts encoding cAPX was induced during PCD, as expected under conditions of elevated H2O2, the level of the cAPX protein declined. In vivo protein labeling, followed by immunoprecipitation, indicated that the synthesis of the cAPX protein was inhibited. Although transcripts encoding cAPX were found to associate with polysomes during PCD, no cAPX protein was detected after in vitro polysome run-off assays. Our findings suggest that viral-induced PCD in tobacco is accompanied by the suppression of cAPX expression, possibly at the level of translation elongation. This suppression is likely to contribute to a reduction in the capability of cells to scavenge H2O2, which in turn enables the accumulation of H2O2 and the acceleration of PCD.
|
['Acetates', 'Apoptosis', 'Ascorbate Peroxidases', 'Cyclopentanes', 'Cytosol', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Isoenzymes', 'Oxylipins', 'Peroxidases', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Polyribosomes', 'Pseudomonas', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Salicylates', 'Salicylic Acid', 'Tobacco', 'Tobacco Mosaic Virus', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,501,118
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.682.732.165'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D10.251.355.645'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['G15.610'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['B01.650.660'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.608', 'D02.241.511.390.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.608'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['B04.715.464.725.800', 'B04.820.578.844.800'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perineurial cells coexpress genes encoding interstitial collagens and basement membrane zone components.
|
Perineurial cell cultures were established from the sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats. Highly enriched cultures were studied with respect to the production of extracellular matrix components under conditions free from the influence of Schwann cells, axons, or the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerves. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of collagen type IV epitopes, and electron microscopy demonstrated patches of basement membrane on the perineurial cell surfaces. Collagenous fibrils with a diameter of 15-20 nm were also observed in the intracellular space. SDS-PAGE of radiolabeled medium proteins showed a pattern of bands suggesting the synthesis and secretion of fibronectin, and type I and IV collagens. Northern hybridizations revealed characteristic polymorphic mRNA transcripts corresponding to fibronectin, laminin B2 chain, as well as to the alpha-chain subunits of type I, III, and IV collagens. Furthermore, in situ hybridizations suggested expression of these genes by cultured perineurial cells without apparent heterogeneity within the cell populations. In situ hybridizations of sciatic nerve tissue from 2-wk-old rats also suggested that perineurial cells express alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(IV) collagen, as well as laminin B2 chain genes in vivo. This profile of matrix gene expression is different from that of Schwann cells, which do not synthesize fibronectin, or that of fibroblastic cells, which do not form a cell surface basement membrane. The capability of perineurial cells to express genes for the basement membrane zone and for interstitial collagens further adds to our understanding of the functional role of perineurial cells in developing and healing peripheral nerve, as well as in certain neoplastic lesions of neural origin, such as von Recklinghausen's neurofibromas.
|
['Animals', 'Basement Membrane', 'Collagen', 'DNA Probes', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibronectins', 'Laminin', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Sciatic Nerve']
| 2,921,281
|
[['B01.050'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['A08.800.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of water and acetone-based dentin adhesives on apical microleakage.
|
In this study, the aim was to assess the in vitro apical microleakage of a resin-based sealer used with two different adhesives. Thirty nine freshly extracted maxillary incisors were used. The teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction with a water-cooled fissure bur. Chemo-mechanical debridement of the root canals was accomplished with the step-back technique. The smear layer was removed by 19% ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). The roots were then divided into three experimental groups of thirteen teeth in each. Specimens in group 1 were filled with gutta-percha, AH Plus sealer, and water-based adhesive system (Syntac Single Component). Group 2 specimens were filled with gutta-percha, AH Plus sealer, and acetone-based dentin adhesive (Prime & Bond NT ). Specimens of group 3 were filled with only gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (no adhesive was applied). The teeth were immersed into 2% methylene blue solution. Apical sealing qualities were assessed by measuring the linear dye penetration with a stereomicroscope. Dentin tubule penetration was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed no statistically significant difference between the materials used, however, the leakage in group 2 was less than group 1 and 3.
|
['Acetone', 'Dental Leakage', 'Dentin Permeability', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Epoxy Resins', 'Gutta-Percha', 'Humans', 'Incisor', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Resin Cements', 'Root Canal Filling Materials', 'Root Canal Obturation', 'Tooth Apex', 'Water']
| 15,150,637
|
[['D02.522.064'], ['C07.793.221'], ['G10.549.845.461'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['D05.750.716.822.461', 'D25.720.716.822.461', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.461'], ['D20.215.721.061', 'D25.339.859.495', 'D25.720.327.840.119', 'J01.637.051.339.859.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['D25.339.859', 'J01.637.051.339.859'], ['E06.397.778.778'], ['A14.549.167.900.750.700'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Murine bone marrow stromal cells sustain in vivo the survival of hematopoietic stem cells and the granulopoietic differentiation of more mature progenitors.
|
The study of the human hematopoietic system would be facilitated by availability of a relevant animal model. Because the medullar microenvironment is made of different types of cells, interactions between hematopoietic cells and stromal cells are difficult to analyze in detail. As an approach for establishing an in vivo model to dissect these interactions, we grafted murine bone marrow fibroblastic cells (MS-5 cell line) with hematopoietic cells into the kidney capsule of syngenic mice. To identify the origin of cells present in the graft, we used green fluorescent protein-stable transfected MS-5 cells for the transplantation. To analyze the evolution of stromal cells and identify hematopoietic cells able to develop in these conditions, we performed morphology, histochemistry, and immunohistology on tissue sections at different times after transplantation. When injected alone, MS-5 cells differentiate into adipocytes. When injected with a bone marrow suspension or with isolated CD45+ cells (leukocytes), the stromal cells keep their fibroblastic morphology and their alkaline phosphatase expression and sustain granulopoiesis. When injected with hematopoietic stem cells called c-kit+ Sca-1+ Lin- suspension, clusters of hematopoietic cells are also observed: They do not present any granulopoietic activity and do not belong to B or T population nor to erythroid lineage. They are quiescent, induce bone marrow recovery and survival of lethally irradiated recipients, are able to form macroscopic colonies in the spleen, and are able to form very few colonies in vitro, suggesting that they are hematopoietic stem cells. In conclusion, our results show that reticular fibroblastic stromal cells MS-5 sustain the survival of stem cells and are not able to induce their differentiation. However, they can control differentiation, proliferation, and/or survival of hematopoietic cells engaged in myeloid lineage.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Granulocytes', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Stromal Cells', 'Time Factors']
| 16,293,584
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.329.830'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is fixed-term employment a new risk for adverse physical working conditions?
|
Relationships between employment type and the physical work environment were studied among blue-collar workers (n = 1,127). Based on survey data, we set out to compare the evaluations of environmental load and physical strain at work given by fixed-term (17% of all) and permanent workers. The type of employment was not related to environmental load. However, working on a fixed-term basis increased the risk of physical strain at work. Analyses revealed that this connection was evident only among fixed-term construction workers. The results did not support the much-cited view that the disintegration of standard employment has given rise to a new series of work environment problems. Such problems are concentrated in an area with a long tradition of work environment problems, that is, in the construction industry.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Industry', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupations', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Quality of Life', 'Sex Factors', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Time Factors', 'Workload', 'Workplace']
| 15,028,192
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N01.824.245'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.824.547'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G07.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Association Between Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Hospital Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients With Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Cohort From Japanese Tertiary Care Centers.
|
Multiple studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has been a major cause of death in hemodialysis patients. We examined whether SAB is a risk for mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients in Japan where the standard vascular access is arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This was a multicenter, retrospective study of maintenance hemodialysis patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) from 2011 to 2013 at tertiary care centers in Japan. The endpoint was hospital mortality. Our cohort contained 32 SAB cases (14 MRSA and 18 MSSA) and 42 non-SAB cases. Hospital mortality was higher among SAB cases than non-SAB cases (46.9% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.038). In patients with BSI, SAB was significantly associated with hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounders, including type of vascular access (OR 3.26). S. aureus was the leading cause of BSI and hospital mortality among this cohort. Therefore, initial empiric treatment should cover for S. aureus.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Bacteremia', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 28,498,647
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.035.087', 'E04.100.814.868.249'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Composition and antimicrobial activity of Equisetum arvense L. essential oil.
|
The volatile constituents of the sterile stems of Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) were investigated for the first time using GC, GC/MS and (13)C-NMR. Twenty-five compounds were identified. Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (18.34%), cis-geranyl acetone (13.74%), thymol (12.09%) and trans-phytol (10.06%) were the major constituents. A disk diffusion method was used for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of this oil against a panel of microorganisms (bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis; fungi: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The 1:10 dilution of the essential oil of Equisetum arvense L. was shown to possess a broad spectrum of a very strong antimicrobial activity against all tested strains.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Aspergillus niger', 'Candida albicans', 'Equisetum', 'Escherichia coli', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Plant Oils', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Salmonella enteritidis']
| 16,397,851
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.175'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D10.627.675'], ['A18.024'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.300', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.160']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Institutionalizing women's oppression: the inherent risk in health policy that fosters community participation.
|
Current Canadian health policy is based on the implicit assumption that women are available to provide care in the home to the dependent, the ill, the elderly, and the physically and mentally disabled. Women are socialized from birth to accept caring roles within a traditional family structure, and current societal expectations and social policy reinforce this value system. Women's health can only be understood within the context of their lived experience of social inequity, medicalization, and family caregiving. Health care professionals are complicit in sustaining women's oppression by reinforcing these institutions of social control. For health policy to be responsive to women's needs, it must be based on research that considers the social complexity of ordinary women's lives.
|
['Canada', 'Caregivers', 'Community Participation', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Socialization', "Women's Health", "Women's Rights"]
| 8,407,631
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.934'], ['N01.400.900'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Folate nutriture in pregnancy.
|
Folacin intakes from diet and supplements consumed during pregnancy were determined by interview in 566 women. Eight percent of this population (48 women) obtained folacin from diet only. Thirteen percent (76 women) received less than two-thirds of the RDA for folacin for pregnant women. Serum and erythrocyte folate levels in maternal and cord blood were correlated with dietary folacin intakes in subsamples of the group. Women who received their folate from diet alone showed marginal or deficient maternal serum folate levels. Of the group of women whose folacin intake was equal to or greater than the RDA for pregnant women, some had intakes as high as eight times the RDA from supplements. When, in a subsample, total folacin intake was correlated with maternal and cord folate levels, significant correlations were obtained. The high serum and erythrocyte folate levels resulting from self-medication with folate supplements are of concern because of possible deleterious interaction with other nutrients.
|
['Adult', 'Diet', 'Diet Surveys', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Pregnancy']
| 3,385,101
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G07.203.650.620'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Angiotensin increases inositol trisphosphate and calcium in vascular smooth muscle.
|
Angiotensin II stimulated the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The decrease in PIP2 and increase in IP3 levels were rapid (measurable at 5 seconds; maximum IP3 levels at 15 seconds). The time course of these changes was comparable to that of angiotensin II-induced increases in cytosolic free calcium, as measured by the calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator quin 2. The IP3 formation was not stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 microM), nor were angiotensin II-induced changes in IP3 formation inhibited by the removal of extracellular calcium with EGTA. Angiotensin II appears to be capable of generating more IP3 than is required for maximal release of intracellular calcium. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that generation of IP3 plays a role in the angiotensin II-induced mobilization of calcium from intracellular storage sites in vascular smooth muscle cells.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Calcium', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Extracellular Space', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Rats', 'Sugar Phosphates']
| 2,987,120
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['A11.251'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D02.033.800.519.400.350', 'D09.853.519.400.350', 'D09.894.480.350'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625.900'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D09.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid determination of simazine and atrazine in water at the parts per trillion (10(12) level. Extraction by a miniaturized carbopack B trap followed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
|
A rapid and simple method for the determination of trace amounts of simazine and atrazine in water is described. A 250-ml volume of water is pre-concentrated by passage at a flow-rate of about 30 ml/min through a small trap containing 50 mg of graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B). After washing with 150 microliters of methanol, the two herbicides are desorbed with 700 microliters of dichloromethane-methanol (60:40, v/v). After removal, of the solvent, the extracted sample is fractionated and analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 220 nm. A single assay can be completed within 40 min from the receipt of the water sample. Recoveries of simazine and atrazine added to 250 ml of water at the level of 50 ng/l were 97.2 and 95.8% and the limits of detection were 0.07 and 0.15 ng. respectively. At the 50 ng/l level in water, the coefficients of variation for simazine and atrazine were 3.7 and 4.0% (n = 7), respectively.
|
['Atrazine', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fresh Water', 'Herbicides', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Simazine', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Water']
| 3,693,473
|
[['D03.383.931.247'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D03.383.931.819'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence for the possible involvement of Ca2+ entry blockade in the relaxation by class I antiarrhythmic drugs in the isolated pig coronary smooth muscle.
|
Effects of several Na+ channel blockers (i.e., class I antiarrhythmic agents), procainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, mexiletine, propafenone, were investigated in the isolated endothelium-denuded pig coronary artery focusing on the possible involvement of the blockade of Ca2+ channels and/or opening of K+ channels in the relaxant responses. All drugs except procainamide induced a concentration-dependent full relaxation of the coronary artery precontracted with high-KCl (30 mM, 80 mM). Inhibitions by procainamide of both high-KCl-induced contractions were less than 50% even at a concentration of 3 x 10(-2) M. Both high-KCl contractions were diminished by an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, diltiazem, in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, cromakalim failed to inhibit 80 mM KCl-induced contraction. Tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-5) M) did not affect the relaxant actions of the tested class I antiarrhythmic agents in high-KCl (80 mM)- or prostaglandin F2alpha-contracted muscle. The inhibitions by these class I antiarrhythmic agents of high-KCl-induced contraction were significantly attenuated when extracellular CaCl2 was increased from 2 mM to 20 mM. Furthermore, procainamide, quinidine, lidocaine, mexiletine as well as diltiazem decreased both cytoplasmic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+](cyt)) and muscle tension elevated by high-KCl in fura-2-loaded coronary preparations. These findings suggest that blockade of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is involved in the relaxing action of these class I antiarrhythmic drugs in pig coronary artery. Blockade of Na+ channel and/or opening of K+ channels does not seem to play the principal role in the mechanism by which these antiarrhythmic drugs relax coronary artery.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Cromakalim', 'Diltiazem', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Swine', 'Tetrodotoxin', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 11,862,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D01.146.300', 'D01.210.450.150.150'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['D03.383.129.578.150', 'D03.383.663.283.455', 'D03.633.100.150.455'], ['D03.633.100.079.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gram-scale solution-phase synthesis of selective sodium bicarbonate co-transport inhibitor S0859: in vitro efficacy studies in breast cancer cells.
|
Na(+)-coupled HCO(3)(-) transporters (NBCs) mediate the transport of bicarbonate ions across cell membranes and are thus ubiquitous regulators of intracellular pH. NBC dysregulation is associated with a range of diseases; for instance, NBCn1 is strongly up-regulated in a model of ErbB2-dependent breast cancer, a malignant and widespread cancer with no targeted treatment options, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in NBCn1 genetically link to breast cancer development and hypertension. The N-cyanosulfonamide S0859 has been shown to selectively inhibit NBCs, and its availability on the gram scale is therefore of significant interest to the scientific community. Herein we describe a short and efficient synthesis of S0859 with an overall yield of 45 % from commercially available starting materials. The inhibitory effect of S0859 on recovery of intracellular pH after an acid load was verified in human and murine cancer cell lines in Ringer solutions. However, S0859 binds very strongly to components in plasma, and accordingly, measurements on isolated murine tissues showed no effect of S0859 at concentrations up to 50 ìM.
|
['Animals', 'Benzamides', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Mice', 'Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters', 'Sulfonamides']
| 22,927,258
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.437.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.656.500', 'D12.776.543.550.779.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.437.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.776.500'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals.
|
Exposure to certain environmental chemicals in human and animals has been found to cause cellular damage of the pancreatic â cells which will lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the mechanisms for the chemical-induced â cell damage were unclear and likely to be complex, one recurring finding is that these chemicals induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce damage to the â cell. To identify potential diabetogenic environmental chemicals, we isolated pancreatic islet cells from C57BL/6 mice and cultured islet cells in 96-well cell culture plates; then, the islet cells were dosed with chemicals and the ROS generation was detected by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA) fluorescent dye. Using this method, we found that bisphenol A (BPA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), could induce high levels of ROS, suggesting that they may potentially induce damage in islet cells. This method should be useful for screening diabetogenic xenobiotics. In addition, the cultured islet cells may also be adapted for in vitro analysis of chemical-induced toxicity in pancreatic cells.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Xenobiotics']
| 29,985,354
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D27.888.284'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D26.969']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Global well-posedness of infectious disease models without life-time immunity: the cases of cholera and avian influenza.
|
We study the systems of partial differential equations with diffusion that model the dynamics of infectious diseases without life-time immunity, in particular the cases of cholera from Wang & Wang (2015, J. Biol. Dyn., 9, 233-261) and avian influenza from Vaidya et al. (2012, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 17, 2829-2848). In both works, similarly to all others in the literature on various models of infectious diseases and more, it had to be assumed for a technical reason that the diffusivity coefficients of the susceptible, infected and recovered individuals, humans or birds, had to be identical in order to prove the existence of their unique solutions for all time. Considering that such uniform diffusivity strengths among the susceptible, infected and recovered hosts may not always be plausible in real world, we investigate the global well-posedness issue when such conditions are relaxed. In particular for the cholera model from Wang & Wang (2015, J. Biol. Dyn., 9, 233-261), we prove the global well-posedness with no condition on the diffusivity coefficients at all. For the avian influenza model from Vaidya et al. (2012, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 17, 2829-2848), we prove the global well-posedness with no condition on the diffusivity coefficients if the spatial dimension is one, and under a partial condition that the diffusivity coefficients of the susceptible and the infected hosts are same otherwise.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Cholera', 'Communicable Diseases', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Influenza in Birds', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 29,088,361
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['C01.150.252.400.959.347'], ['C01.221', 'C23.550.291.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['C01.925.782.620.300', 'C22.131.450'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Localization of insulin-like protein in the submaxillary glands of laboratory animals].
|
Insulin-like protein (ILP) was extracted from the submaxillary glands of cats, guinea-pigs and male rabbits. As shown by radioimmunoassay, it is localized in the cells of the striated ducts of the salivary tubes. ILP is likely to be related to small granules visible under electron microscope. These granules are largely located in the apical parts of the cells. The amount of ILP (immunoreactive insulin per Ig crude weight of the glands was determined. The content of immunoreactive insulin was found to be higher in submaxillary glands (over than by 60 times) as compared with blood serum but less than in the pancreas. The electrophoretic properties of ILP are similar to those of reference human and bovine insulin. It is suggested that the submaxillary glands participate in the maintenance of insular homeostasis.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Antibodies', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Pancreas', 'Rabbits', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Submandibular Gland']
| 6,996,764
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.656', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.656', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.656'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A03.734'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['A03.556.500.760.812', 'A10.336.779.812', 'A14.549.760.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgical management for isolated cricoid fracture causing arytenoid immobility.
|
Cricoid cartilage fractures usually occur concurrently with disorders of laryngeal function. In, particular, displaced cricoid lamina fractures can affect arytenoid movement. However, functional, recovery may require proper repositioning of the cricoid lamina, which is associated with a high rate of, complications. Here we present a case in which an isolated cricoid cartilage fracture with arytenoid, immobility due to displacement of the fracture in the cricoarytenoid joint space was successfully, treated. Our findings suggest that a combination of external approaches with temporary, cricothyrotomy and wide suturing of the entire cricoid framework has the potential to improve, arytenoid movement and prevent associated complications.
|
['Arytenoid Cartilage', 'Baseball', 'Cricoid Cartilage', 'Fractures, Cartilage', 'Hoarseness', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating', 'Young Adult']
| 24,268,328
|
[['A02.165.257.625.083', 'A02.165.407.500.083', 'A04.329.591.085'], ['I03.450.642.845.110'], ['A02.165.257.625.211', 'A02.165.407.500.211', 'A04.329.591.211'], ['C26.411'], ['C08.360.940.490', 'C08.618.490', 'C09.400.940.490', 'C10.597.975.550', 'C23.888.592.979.550', 'C23.888.852.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C26.974'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Correlation analysis of clinical medication of ectopic pregnancy based on hospital information system data].
|
To analyze the reality of ectopic pregnancy patients' clinical medication, find out the association rules of chemical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, HIS data from 15 grade III-A general hospitals were collected, descriptive statistic methods and association rules were used in analysis of the data. The results showed that the most commonly used western medicine types were antibiotics,hemostatic medicine and killing embryo medicine. The most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine types were heat clearing and detoxicating drugs, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs, tonifying Qi and blood drugs. The common combinations of western medicine and Chinese medicine were heat clearing and detoxicating drug add antibiotics, heat clearing and detoxicating drug add hemostatic medicine, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drug add antibiotics, tonifying Qi and blood drug add antibiotics. In conclusion, the medicine types of ectopic pregnancy were concentrated. For conbined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, heat clearing and detoxicating, tonic righting, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis treatment were often used on the basis of anti-inflammatory, killing embryo and hemostasis.
|
['Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Hospital Information Systems', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic']
| 25,532,382
|
[['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['N04.452.442.452.452', 'N04.452.515.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Massive autoclaved allografts and autografts for limb salvage surgery. A 1-8 year follow-up of 23 patients.
|
We performed 23 reconstructions with bone grafts autoclaved at 135 degrees C for 10 minutes for extensive bone defects after tumor resection. In 15 cases, the resected specimens were autoclaved and used as autografts. In 7 cases, allografts obtained from amputated extremities or cadavers were autoclaved and immediately stored at -80 degrees C prior to their use. A combination of the two was used in 1 case. The grafts were used in combination with prostheses or other forms of internal fixation. The mean follow-up was 49 (14-98) months. Incorporation of the hostgraft junction was observed radiographically after a mean of 11 (6-17) months in all cases. No recurrence due to the autoclaved bone was observed. However, 10 patients suffered complications, including infection, bone resorption, fracture and loosening of the prosthesis. In terms of Mankin's evaluation of bone grafts, 12 patients were evaluated as good or excellent. We conclude that despite the complications, autoclaved autografts and allografts are viable options for reconstruction in many countries because of the difficulty of obtaining large quantities of fresh frozen allografts.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Child', 'Extremities', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Osseointegration', 'Sterilization', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Preservation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,310,047
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A01.378'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760', 'E02.792.833', 'E05.200.500.620.760', 'E05.200.750.600.760', 'E05.760.833'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The kinetics of thermal degradation of polyphenolic compounds from elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.) extract.
|
This main focus of this study was to evaluate the thermal degradation kinetics and the phytochemical characterization of the elderberries extract. Pelargonidin-3-sophoroside and delphinidin-3-glucoside were identified as the major anthocyanin compounds and catechin hydrate as the major flavonoid compound. In order to further understand the action of the heat treatment on the bioactive compounds from elderberry extract, fluorescence studies were also carried out. In general, heating at temperatures ranging from 100 to 150 ? for up to 90 min caused a decrease in fluorescence intensity, simultaneously with significant redshifts in ëmax suggesting important molecular changes inside the anthocyanins structure, affecting the antioxidant activity. Increasing the heating time up to 120 min, the elderberry extract peaked at about 88 nm shifted toward higher wavelengths with respect to that of untreated solutions (peak at 442 nm). The kinetics studies of anthocyanins, fluorescence intensity, and antioxidant activity evidenced a decrease of the degradation rate constants with increased temperature while the activation energies for heat-induced fluorescence intensity, monomeric anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity were 39.62 ± 9.60, 49.97 ± 5.61, and 31.04 ± 19.92 kJ/mol, respectively. Our results can be valuable in terms of establishing the appropriate processing and formulation protocols that could lead to a more efficient utilization of these pigments in actual food products and/or nutraceuticals.
|
['Anthocyanins', 'Antioxidants', 'Food Handling', 'Glucosides', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Phytochemicals', 'Plant Extracts', 'Polyphenols', 'Sambucus']
| 29,409,346
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['D09.408.348'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.300'], ['D23.704'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.328.500.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of O-methyltransferase ScOMT1 cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
|
The roles of O-methyltransferases (OMTs) in microorganisms are not well understood, and are suggested to increase antimicrobial activity. Studies on OMTs cloned from microorganisms may help elucidate their roles. Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) produces many useful natural antibiotics such as actinorhodin. Based on sequence information from S. coelicolor A3(2) genome, it was possible to clone several methyltransferases. An OMT cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), ScOMT1 was characterized by in vivo and in vitro assays. Of 23 compounds tested, 13 were found to serve as its substrates. Of the 13 substrates, the methylated positions of 7 compounds were determined by HPLC, NMR, and MS analyses. This OMT favored ortho-dihydroxyflavones. Among the compounds tested here, the best substrate is 6,7-dihydroxyflavone.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Flavones', 'Methyltransferases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Streptomyces coelicolor']
| 16,054,248
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768.200', 'B03.510.024.997.775.200', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768.200', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preference toward a T-helper type 1 response in patients with coronary spastic angina.
|
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart diseases such as unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in coronary artery spasm. We previously reported a deficiency in NO activity in the spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA). Others have reported that NO influences the immune response. Therefore, we investigated the balance between T-helper type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) responses in patients with CSA by evaluating the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T cells and interleukin (IL)-4-producing T cells in the peripheral blood of such patients.METHODS AND RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 50 consecutive patients with CSA, 23 consecutive patients with UA, 36 patients with stable angina (SA), and 21 patients with chest pain syndrome (CPS). Cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells were quantified by 3-color flow cytometry after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. UA and CSA were associated with a significant increase in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IFN-gamma, whereas these conditions caused no significant difference in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IL-4. Culturing with an NO donor compound for 24 hours before stimulation inhibited the increase in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IFN-gamma.CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that there was a preference toward the Th1-type response in patients with CSA and that T cells showed a reduced Th1-type response after being treated with NO.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Coronary Vasospasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 12,695,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.280.647.187.150', 'C14.907.585.187.150', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.150'], ['C14.280.647.250.295', 'C14.907.585.250.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.656', 'D27.505.954.411.590'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Directed Supramolecular Organization of N-BAR Proteins through Regulation of H0 Membrane Immersion Depth.
|
Many membrane remodeling events rely on the ability of curvature-generating N-BAR membrane proteins to organize into distinctive supramolecular configurations. Experiments have revealed a conformational switch in N-BAR proteins resulting in vesicular or tubular membrane shapes, with shallow membrane immersion of the H0 amphipathic helices of N-BAR proteins on vesicles but deep H0 immersion on tubes. We develop here a minimal elastic model of the local thinning of the lipid bilayer resulting from H0 immersion. Our model predicts that the observed conformational switch in N-BAR proteins produces a corresponding switch in the bilayer-mediated N-BAR interactions due to the H0 helices. In agreement with experiments, we find that bilayer-mediated H0 interactions oppose N-BAR multimerization for the shallow H0 membrane immersion depths measured on vesicles, but promote self-assembly of supramolecular N-BAR chains for the increased H0 membrane immersion depths measured on tubes. Finally, we consider the possibility that bilayer-mediated H0 interactions might contribute to the concerted structural reorganization of N-BAR proteins suggested by experiments. Our results indicate that the membrane immersion depth of amphipathic protein helices may provide a general molecular control parameter for membrane organization.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cell Membrane', 'Elasticity', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical', 'Protein Domains']
| 30,401,832
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G01.374.590'], ['G02.409'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600.020'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dental examiners consistency in applying the ICDAS criteria for a caries prevention community trial.
|
AIM: To examine dental examiners' one-year consistency in utilizing the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria after baseline training and calibration.METHODS: A total of three examiners received baseline training/calibration by a "gold standard" examiner, and one year later re-calibration was conducted. For the baseline training/calibration, subjects aged 8-16 years, and for the re-calibration subjects aged five to six years were recruited for the study. The ICDAS criteria were used to classify visual caries lesion severity (0-6 scale), lesion activity (active/inactive), and presence of filling material (0-9 scale) of all available tooth surfaces of permanent and primary teeth. The examination used a clinical light, mirror and air syringe. Kappa (weighted: Wkappa, unweighted: Kappa) statistics were used to determine inter-and intra-examiner reliability at baseline and re-calibration.RESULTS: For lesion severity and filling criteria, the baseline calibration on 35 subjects indicated an inter-rater Wkappa ranging from 0.69-0.92 and intra-rater Wkappa ranging from 0.81-0.92. Re-calibration on 22 subjects indicated an inter-rater Wkappa of 0.77-0.98 and intra-rater Wkappa ranged from 0.93-1.00. The Wkappa for filling was consistently in the excellent range, while lesion severity was in the good to excellent range. Activity kappa was in the poor to good range. All examiners improved with time.CONCLUSIONS: The baseline training/calibration in ICDAS was crucial to maintain the stability of the examiners reliability over a one year period. The ICDAS can be an effective assessment tool for community-based clinical trials.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Community Dentistry', 'DMF Index', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Caries Activity Tests', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Dentists', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Observer Variation', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 21,916,361
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['H02.163.876.770.357'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.350', 'E06.208.266', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.340', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.350', 'N06.890.160.100'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.342.250'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['M01.526.485.330', 'N02.360.330'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The lateral geniculate nucleus does not project to area TE in infant or adult macaques.
|
We sought to determine if there are any direct projections from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to visual cortical area TE in either adult or infant primates. To do so, we examined labelling in the thalamus of eight macaque monkeys which received injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin-B subunit within TE. Four of these cases were infants in which the injections revealed transient patterns of inputs to TE from various other brain regions. Although each monkey showed extensive label in the pulvinar nucleus and other subcortical structures, none showed unambiguous labelling in the dLGN. The absence of direct connections between the dLGN and area TE indicates that rudimentary color and form processing capacities in the absence of striate cortex must utilize other pathways even when damage to striate cortex takes place early in life.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Neural Pathways', 'Visual Cortex']
| 8,905,726
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
COVID 19 and Spanish flu pandemics: All it changes, nothing changes.
|
The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. There are many similarities between the COVID 19 epidemic and the Spanish flu epidemic. We considered some preventive measures which do not change in the two epidemics.
|
['Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919', 'Italy', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'SARS-CoV-2']
| 32,420,960
|
[['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.400.504.968.450'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A further prospective evaluation of an equation to predict daily lithium dose.
|
BACKGROUND: Recently, one prospective study confirmed the safety and accuracy of a lithium-dose prediction equation created by Zetin et al., but no definitive conclusion on the reliability of the equation has been established as yet.METHOD: The authors applied the Zetin et al. equation to 18 chronic male schizophrenic inpatients. Predicted doses to reach the serum lithium concentration of 0.4 mmol/L were calculated and prescribed in the form of lithium capsules. At Weeks 1 and 3 after treatment initiation, morning blood samples were collected about 12 hours after the last lithium dose for the measurement of serum lithium concentrations.RESULTS: None of the 18 patients achieved the desired concentration (0.4 mmol/L) exactly. The mean +/- SD of serum lithium concentrations at Week 1 was 1.01 +/- 0.29 mmol/L (range, 0.2-1.5) and at Week 3 was 0.94 +/- 0.35 mmol/L (range, 0.2-1.8). Lithium concentrations were lower than 0.4 mmol/L in only 1 patient and were higher than 0.4 mmol/L in the other 17 patients. The deviations from the unexpected value were significantly correlated with the renal function (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels) but not with the neuroleptic doses administered to the patients. Moreover, our patients were relatively older and weighed relatively less than the patients described in the previous prospective study.CONCLUSION: The Zetin et al. equation cannot always accurately predict a required lithium dose. Renal function data, even when they range within normal values, may be useful to improve the accuracy of the equation, particularly in patients who are older or weigh less than the norm.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Chronic Disease', 'Creatinine', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Lithium Carbonate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Schizophrenia']
| 7,737,958
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['D01.045.125.500', 'D01.200.275.150.550', 'D01.510.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana brassinosteroid-related acyltransferase 1 gene induces brassinosteroid-deficient phenotypes in creeping bentgrass.
|
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are naturally occurring steroidal hormones that play diverse roles in various processes during plant growth and development. Thus, genetic manipulation of endogenous BR levels might offer a way of improving the agronomic traits of crops, including plant architecture and stress tolerance. In this study, we produced transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) overexpressing a BR-inactivating enzyme, Arabidopsis thaliana BR-related acyltransferase 1 (AtBAT1), which is known to catalyze the conversion of BR intermediates to inactive acylated conjugates. After putative transgenic plants were selected using herbicide resistance assay, genomic integration of the AtBAT1 gene was confirmed by genomic PCR and Southern blot analysis, and transgene expression was validated by northern blot analysis. The transgenic creeping bentgrass plants exhibited BR-deficient phenotypes, including reduced plant height with shortened internodes (i.e., semi-dwarf), reduced leaf growth rates with short, wide, and thick architecture, high chlorophyll contents, decreased numbers of vascular bundles, and large lamina joint bending angles (i.e., erect leaves). Subsequent analyses showed that the transgenic plants had significantly reduced amounts of endogenous BR intermediates, including typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone, and castasterone. Moreover, the AtBAT1 transgenic plants displayed drought tolerance as well as delayed senescence. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrate that overexpression of an Arabidopsis BR-inactivating enzyme can reduce the endogenous levels of BRs in creeping bentgrass resulting in BR-deficient phenotypes, indicating that the AtBAT1 gene from a dicot plant is also functional in the monocot crop.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Steroids', 'Transferases']
| 29,084,267
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D04.210.500'], ['D08.811.913']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Circadian rhythm in tolerance of mice for etoposide.
|
Etoposide (40 mg/kg/day X 3 days and 60 mg/kg/day X 3 days) was best tolerated by male B6D2F1 mice when given in the second half of the rest span of their sleep-wake circadian cycle. Such a time-qualified treatment resulted in increased long-term survival rate, highest peripheral leukocyte count at nadir, and lowest body weight loss, as compared to results from drug dosing in the activity span. Assuming that such results may be extrapolated to human beings, the treatment time of etoposide associated with an optimal tolerance would be located in the second half of the sleeping span (usually near 5.00 hrs).
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Etoposide', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Light', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Mice', 'Podophyllotoxin']
| 4,075,319
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['C08.381'], ['H01.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450.777', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675', 'D04.615.638.960.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electronic health records as a key to objective health care needs assessment beyond the hospital boundary.
|
The continuous challenge within all health services--to use finite resources to the best advantage of patient care--is resulting in the need to ensure that the delivery of care most effectively meets the health needs of the population. Three models of identifying health need are outlined. The development of an integrated real time electronic patent record information system providing comprehensive health needs data is described. It enables the planning of the effective delivery of care to meet the needs of the population and, subsequently, to monitor the effectiveness of care provided; this is seen as an essential step in achieving patient focused care within a community setting.
|
['Community Health Services', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'United Kingdom']
| 8,591,174
|
[['N02.421.143'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Population and systems genetics analyses of cortisol in pigs divergently selected for stress.
|
This study presents a systems genetic analysis on the physiology of cortisol in mice and pigs with an aim to show the potential of a comprehensive computational approach to quickly identify candidate genes and avoid a costly whole-genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Population genetics analyses were performed on measurements of cortisol from a pig selection experiment. Expression QTL were mapped and gene networks were built using gene expressions for Crhr1 (corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor) gene and single nucleotide polymorphisms from public mouse data. Results from mouse data were used to infer potential candidate regulatory genes involved in pig cortisol regulation, using a comparative or translational systems genetics approach. The pig data used were from a 10-yr divergent genetic selection experiment, providing data on 417 individuals. Population genetics analysis showed that cortisol is highly genetically determined with heritabilities of 0.40-0.70. Furthermore, a major gene with an additive effect of 86 ng/ml is segregating. Genetical-genomics investigations revealed two trans-acting eQTL for Crhr1 gene expression on chromosomes 2 and 13. Candidate gene search under trans-eQTL peaks yielded 63 genes for Crhr1 expression phenotypes. Functional links for Crhr1 genes with other genes/proteins in the gene network using mouse data were shown for the first 10 statistically significant genes involved. Results show translational or comparative systems genetics approaches reduce costs and time in large-scale genetics and "-omics" investigations. This is the first study to report a strong genetic basis for cortisol physiology using a systems approach.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetics, Population', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Mice', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Quantitative Trait, Heritable', 'Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Sus scrofa']
| 17,132,818
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.308'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['G05.420.720'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.180', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.150'], ['G05.783'], ['G07.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and chromone O-glucosides from Hypericum henryi subsp. uraloides.
|
Two new C(30)-epimeric polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), named uralodins B and C (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum henryi subsp. uraloides together with two new chromone glucosides, urachromones A and B (3 and 4, resp.), as well as 16 known compounds. Their structures were established by extensive NMR techniques and MS analysis. The epimers 1 and 2 always behaved like a single compound when examined by TLC, and were separated by HPLC. Their configuration was distinguished by comparative analysis of the NMR data with known analogues together with the ROESY experiment. All the isolated PPAPs were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HepG2, SGC7901, HL-60, and K562 cell lines. Compound 1 showed modest cytotoxic activities against SGC7901 and HL-60 cell lines, and 2 showed modest cytotoxic activities against HepG2, SGC7901, HL-60, and K562 cell lines.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chromones', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Glucosides', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hypericum', 'K562 Cells', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Phloroglucinol']
| 20,087,990
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['D09.408.348'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.684']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticles.
|
An Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticle preparation procedure and its catalytic effect and mechanism on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectroscopy (TG-MS). In the preparation procedure, TEM, SAED, and FT-IR showed that the Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) particles were amorphous particles with dimensions in the nanometer size regime containing a large amount of surface hydroxyl under the controllable preparation conditions. When the Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticles were used as additives for the thermal decomposition of AP, the TG-DSC results showed that the addition of Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticles to AP remarkably decreased the onset temperature of AP decomposition from approximately 450°C to 245°C. The FT-IR, RS and XPS results confirmed that the surface hydroxyl content of the Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticles decreased from 67.94% to 63.65%, and Al(OH)3·Cr(OH)3 nanoparticles were limitedly transformed from amorphous to crystalline after used as additives for the thermal decomposition of AP. Such behavior of Al(OH)(3)·Cr(OH)(3) nanoparticles promoted the oxidation of NH3 of AP to decompose to N2O first, as indicated by the TG-MS results, accelerating the AP thermal decomposition.
|
['Aluminum Hydroxide', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Catalysis', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Chromium Compounds', 'Crystallization', 'Fires', 'Hot Temperature', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanoparticles', 'Perchlorates', 'Photoelectron Spectroscopy', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Surface Properties', 'Thermogravimetry']
| 24,530,852
|
[['D01.045.250.050', 'D01.056.037', 'D01.248.497.158.459.075'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['D01.220'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['N06.230.216'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D01.029.260.650', 'D01.210.675'], ['E05.196.867.618'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['G02.860'], ['E05.196.904']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable pediatric renal transplantation.
|
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is given to children in fixed doses based either on body weight or body surface area. There are data indicating mycophenolic acid (MPA) blood levels should be monitored in the early period of transplantation. However, there is little information regarding MPA pharmacokinetics (PK) in stable pediatric recipients. We evaluated MPA-PK in 20 stable renal transplant children (11.7+/-1.9 years) under long-term (46+/-31 months) MMF (26.1+/-7 mg/kg per day or 785+/-183 mg/m(2) per day) therapy plus prednisone and cyclosporin A (n=16), tacrolimus (n=3), or MMF/prednisone (n=1). Total MPA levels were measured using the EMIT-MPA assay at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h after an oral dose of MMF. The level at 12 h was considered equal to the trough level for AUC(0-12) calculation. Mean C(0), C(max), AUC (0-12), and T(max )were 3.46+/-1.32, 13.5+/-0.58 microg/ml, 63.2+/-24.4 microg x h/ml, and 1.3+/-0.6 h, respectively. Six (30%) children were considered to have an adequate exposure (36-54 microg x h/ml) to MPA, 11 (55%) showed an AUC(0-12 )>54 microg.h/ml, and 3 (15%) showed an AUC(0-12 )<36 microg x h/ml. A C(max )>/=10 microg/ml was seen in 13 (65%) children. MMF dose did not correlate with AUC(0-12) or C(max). The combination of variables C(0), C(1), and C(4 )provided an equation to predict exposure (r(2)=0.75) where AUC(0-12)=12.62+(7.78 x C(0))+(0.90 x C(1))+(1.30 x C(2)) (P<0.001). The use of MMF without monitoring MPA blood levels may cause unnecessary overexposure to the drug in stable pediatric recipients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Area Under Curve', 'Child', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Mycophenolic Acid']
| 12,644,921
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Contemporary organization and necessary scope of community social psychiatric service (exemplified by North Rhine Westphalia)].
|
A model programme on psychiatric care had been carried out and evaluated in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985 (the year of its completion) and was based on the (then assumed) existence of public sociopsychiatric services as one of the (meanwhile self-understood) corner-stones of communal care for psychiatric patients. Now that evaluation has been accomplished, it is high time to initiate the requisite legal and administrative steps to ensure the setting up and operation of a sociopsychiatric service for every township governed by a council and for every county, to fulfil tasks to be laid down in a law to govern the care for psychiatric patients--a service that was not originally provided for in North Rhine Westphalia by the forerunner law of a Federal German law that is still in the drafting stage, the North Rhine Westphalian model having been conceived 20 years ago. The author describes the generally acknowledged catalogue of basic tasks and the minimum demands that are to be made on a community-based sociopsychiatric service as derived from many years of experience with a variety of models, as well as the resulting personal, organizational and legal consequences. The possibility of translating these tasks into financial reality and integrating them in the routine work of an administrative township or county council, is discussed. Apart from this, future aims are shown, delineated against the present background.
|
['Community Mental Health Services', 'Forecasting', 'Germany, West', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Social Work, Psychiatric']
| 2,528,094
|
[['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['I01.320'], ['Z01.586.350'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['F04.408.823', 'I01.880.792.410', 'N02.421.461.798', 'N02.421.849.673']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Dural metastasis at medulla oblongata: a rare cause of vocal fold paralysis.
|
Malignancy is a major cause of vocal fold paralysis. Nevertheless, metastatic disease at the brainstem leading to high vagal paralysis is rarely encountered. We illustrate an unusual case of unilateral vocal fold paralysis caused by dural metastasis directly compressing on the nucleus ambiguus. The median position of the paralysed vocal fold is inconsistent with the Wagner and Grossman theory predicting the location of the lesion.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Brain Stem', 'Dura Mater', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Vocal Cord Paralysis']
| 8,949,305
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['A08.186.566.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.360.931', 'C09.400.931', 'C10.292.887.800', 'C10.597.622.943', 'C23.888.592.636.943']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A long-term follow-up analysis in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
|
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Over the last 17 years, 119 adult acute myeloid leukemia patients have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at our Center.STUDY DESIGN: Seventy patients in first complete remission received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (28 allogeneic and 42 autologous HSCT) as late intensification after conventional chemotherapy; 38 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a more advanced phase. A reference group was built up by collecting 40 acute myeloid leukemia patients who received high-dose cytosine arabinoside as late intensification and whose complete remission lasted more than 10 months.RESULTS: Results of the study led to conclude that an earlier timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be recommended in order to treat patients who would otherwise suffer an early relapse.CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients not in first complete remission supports the possibility of achieving good quality second complete remissions and suggests that autografting may be a life-saving strategy in selected acute myeloid leukemia patients with advanced disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Child', 'Cytarabine', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Life Tables', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,459,634
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fibronectin in artery subendothelium is important for platelet adhesion.
|
The role of subendothelial fibronectin in platelet interaction with subendothelium was studied. Human umbilical artery subendothelium was exposed to flowing blood containing 111In-labeled platelets in an annular perfusion chamber. Platelet adhesion was determined from the 111In radioactivity on the vessel wall. When perfusions were performed for five minutes at a wall shear rate of 1,800 s-1, platelet adhesion was the same whether normal plasma or fibronectin-free plasma was used. Preincubation of subendothelium with rabbit anti-human fibronectin serum, however, resulted in a marked inhibition of platelet adhesion. Preincubation with normal rabbit serum had no effect. Platelet adhesion was also diminished when the vessel wall was preincubated with anti-fibronectin IgG fraction or F(ab')2 fragment. After the latter preincubations, frozen sections of 4 micron were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, F(ab')2 fragment specific. Fluorescence was seen throughout the subendothelium both before and after perfusion. No fluorescence was seen when subendothelium was preincubated with normal rabbit IgG or F(ab')2 or with anti-fibronectin IgG that had been absorbed with purified fibronectin. After absorption of anti-fibronectin IgG with purified fibronectin, the inhibiting effect on platelet adhesion was also no longer present. Preincubation of the vessel wall with anti-fibronectin IgG reduced platelet adhesion significantly at a wall shear rate of 800 s-1. This effect was even greater at 1,800 s-1. At low shear rate (400 s-1), there was no inhibition.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Endothelium', 'Fibronectins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Platelet Adhesiveness', 'Rabbits', 'Umbilical Arteries']
| 3,882,170
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['G09.188.390.600.500', 'G09.188.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A07.015.114.929', 'A16.378.693.641']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free Will, Determinism, and Intuitive Judgments About the Heritability of Behavior.
|
The fact that genes and environment contribute differentially to variation in human behaviors, traits and attitudes is central to the field of behavior genetics. Perceptions about these differential contributions may affect ideas about human agency. We surveyed two independent samples (N = 301 and N = 740) to assess beliefs about free will, determinism, political orientation, and the relative contribution of genes and environment to 21 human traits. We find that lay estimates of genetic influence on these traits cluster into four distinct groups, which differentially predict beliefs about human agency, political orientation, and religiosity. Despite apparent ideological associations with these beliefs, the correspondence between mean lay estimates and published heritability estimates for the surveyed traits is large (r = .77). Belief in genetic determinism emerges as a modest predictor of accuracy in these lay estimates. Additionally, educated mothers with multiple children emerge as particularly accurate in their estimates of the genetic contribution to these traits.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude', 'Behavior', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Genetic Determinism', 'Humans', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Intuition', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personal Autonomy', 'Quantitative Trait, Heritable', 'Young Adult']
| 30,315,376
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100'], ['F01.145'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['F04.096.276.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.420'], ['F02.463.188.675'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.600', 'I01.880.604.473.380.500', 'K01.752.566.479.830.650', 'N03.706.437.380.500', 'N05.350.958.650'], ['G05.420.720'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Microbial fuel cells for direct electrical energy recovery from urban wastewaters.
|
Application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to wastewater treatment for direct recovery of electric energy appears to provide a potentially attractive alternative to traditional treatment processes, in an optic of costs reduction, and tapping of sustainable energy sources that characterizes current trends in technology. This work focuses on a laboratory-scale, air-cathode, and single-chamber MFC, with internal volume of 6.9 L, operating in batch mode. The MFC was fed with different types of substrates. This study evaluates the MFC behaviour, in terms of organic matter removal efficiency, which reached 86% (on average) with a hydraulic retention time of 150 hours. The MFC produced an average power density of 13.2 mW/m(3), with a Coulombic efficiency ranging from 0.8 to 1.9%. The amount of data collected allowed an accurate analysis of the repeatability of MFC electrochemical behaviour, with regards to both COD removal kinetics and electric energy production.
|
['Bioelectric Energy Sources', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Urban Renewal', 'Waste Water', 'Water Purification']
| 24,453,885
|
[['E07.305.124.150'], ['E05.301'], ['I01.880.709.876'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fine needle aspiration of palpable breast lumps: a 1-year audit using the Cytospin method.
|
A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) service for the diagnosis of palpable breast lumps was started at the Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK, in November 1989. Over the subsequent year, 407 FNAs were taken from 393 women. A simple technique was used which involved the surgeon flushing the aspirate into 10 ml of Cytospin collection fluid; cytocentrifuge preparations were then safely and conveniently prepared in the laboratory. Slides were stained with Papanicolaou and H&E. The method detected 112 out of a total of 121 cancers (92.6%); of the nine that were undetected, five aspirates were inadequate and four were falsely reported as negative. There were no false positives. The overall inadequate rate was 11.0%. Excluding inadequate samples, the absolute sensitivity was 89.7% and complete sensitivity 96.6% with 94.4% specificity. This 1-year audit has shown the Cytospin method of FNA in palpable breast disease to have a favourable sensitivity and specificity, and therefore to be an alternative to conventional FNA using direct smears.
|
['Biopsy, Needle', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 1,562,710
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Kinetic analysis of synthetic analogues of linear-epitope peptides of glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 1 by surface plasmon resonance.
|
The interaction between mAb A16 and glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 was analyzed by studying the kinetics of binding with a surface-plasmon-resonance biosensor. mAb A16 belongs to group VII antibodies, which recognize residues 11-19 of gD. In a previous study, three critical residues, Asp13, Arg16 and Phe17, of this epitope were identified by screening a phage display library that contained a random 15-amino-acid insert with the antibody. The contribution to binding of these residues in the motif DXXRF was further analyzed by an amino-acid-replacement study of the epitope gD-(9-19)-peptide and of a gD-(9-19)-peptide mimotope, previously obtained by screening the phage display library. Amino acid residues of the motif were replaced by a neutral amino acid residue, an amino acid residue with opposite charge and a corresponding D-amino acid residue. Kinetic parameters of peptide analogues were determined with a surface plasmon-resonance biosensor. The kinetic parameters of the peptide analogues were compared with the kinetic parameters of the interaction between mAb A16 and the epitope gD-(9-19)-peptide. The minimal size of the gD epitope for mAb A16 was also determined in this study. The kinetic constants of the resulting gD-(11-17)-peptide were found to be similar to those of entire gD. The kinetic analysis precisely defined the epitope on gD for mAb A16 to residues 11-17, identified Arg16 as an essential residue and suggested that Asp13 and Phe17 are mainly involved in stabilization of the secondary structure of the peptide.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Epitopes', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Simplexvirus', 'Spodoptera', 'Transfection', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 8,797,855
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D23.050.550'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Heterologous priming-boosting with DNA and vaccinia virus expressing kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 induces potent cellular immune response and confers protection against infection with antimony resistant and sensitive strains of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani.
|
BACKGROUND: Emergence of resistance against commonly available drugs poses a major threat in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Absence of any licensed vaccine against VL emphasizes the urgent need to develop an effective alternative vaccination strategy.METHODOLOGY: We developed a novel heterologous prime boost immunization strategy using kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) DNA priming followed by boosting with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing the same antigen. The efficacy of this vaccination regimen in a murine and hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by both antimony resistant (Sb-R) and sensitive (Sb-S) Leishmania (L.) donovani is examined.RESULT: Heterologous prime-boost (KMP-11 DNA/rVV) vaccination was able to protect mice and hamsters from experimental VL induced by both Sb-S and Sb-R-L. (L.) donovani isolates. Parasite burden is kept significantly low in the vaccinated groups even after 60 days post-infection in hamsters, which are extremely susceptible to VL. Protection in mice is correlated with strong cellular and humoral immune responses. Generation of polyfunctional CD8(+) T cell was observed in vaccinated groups, which is one of the most important prerequisite for successful vaccination against VL. Protection was accompanied with generation of antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells that produced effector cytokines such as IFN-ã, IL-2 and TNF-á. KMP-11-DNA/rVV vaccination also developed strong cytotoxic response and reversed T-cell impairment to induce antigen specific T cell proliferation.CONCLUSION: KMP-11 is a unique antigen with high epitope density. Heterologous prime boost vaccination activates CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell mediated immunity to confer resistance to VL. This immunization method also produces high quality T-cells secreting multiple effector cytokines thus enhancing durability of the immune response. Thus the vaccination regime as described in the present study could provide a potent strategy for future anti-leishmanial vaccine development.
|
['Animals', 'Antimony', 'Cricetinae', 'Cross-Priming', 'Cytokines', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunity, Humoral', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Protozoan Vaccines', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, DNA', 'Vaccinia virus']
| 23,499,564
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G12.450.050.400.545.150', 'G12.565.150'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['G12.450.050.420'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.230'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D20.215.894.582'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D12.776.828.868.910', 'D20.215.894.865.910', 'D23.050.865.910'], ['B04.280.650.160.650.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The use of adalimumab in severe fistulising Crohn's disease].
|
So far infliximab is the only approved anti-TNF-alpha antibody for patients with Crohn's disease. Development of antibodies to infliximab may result in allergic reactions or reduced effect. We report three patients who received adalimumab, which induced longstanding remission in all three patients.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Crohn Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Rectal Fistula', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,565,318
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C06.267.550.600', 'C06.405.469.471.600', 'C06.405.469.860.752', 'C23.300.575.185.550.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of breast tumour cell contamination in the bone marrow and leukapheresis collections by RT-PCR for cytokeratin-19 mRNA.
|
There is considerable interest in an autologous transplantation (AT) programme for patients with high-risk breast cancer; however, the issue of the incidence of occult bone marrow (BM) micrometastasis at diagnosis, and the cancer contamination of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections used for haematological rescue, is still debated. The presence of BM micrometastasis was evaluated in bilateral BM biopsies obtained at diagnosis of 33 patients with stage II/IIIA breast cancer using: (i) a 'nested' reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for cytokeratin 19 (K19) mRNA, (ii) histology, and (iii) immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with a panel of three monoclonal antibodies. The RT-PCR assay only was used to determine contamination of PBSC collections obtained after priming with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). K19 transcripts in one or both BM samples were detected in 48% of patients at diagnosis, with an overall 85% concordance with the results of IHC analysis. On the other hand, 56% of PCR- and IHC-positive BM samples were diagnosed as 'normal' on histological analysis. 57% of patients showed K19 mRNA in at least one PBSC collection; the possibility to have contaminated PBSC collections was significantly higher in patients with K19 positivity in BM at diagnosis. In four patients who had shown K19 positivity in BM and in PBSC collections, immunoselected CD34+ cells used for haematological rescue were K19-negative. There was a trend towards longer relapse free survival (RFS) in patients transplanted with K19-negative PBSC collections as compared to the others. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of patients with high-risk non-metastatic breast cancer present occult BM micrometastasis at diagnosis and also show cancer contamination of PBSC collections used for AT. These might represent a category of patients with poorer prognosis after AT, and possible candidates for more intensive and/or alternative therapeutic regimens, including AT with purged PBSCs.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Bone Marrow Neoplasms', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratins', 'Leukapheresis', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,858,208
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['C04.588.448.200', 'C15.378.190.250', 'C15.378.400.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['E02.095.410'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['E02.095.160.570', 'E02.120.285.570', 'E02.120.527.570', 'E05.200.500.363.171.570', 'E05.242.363.171.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
First characterization of extremely halophilic 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase.
|
2-Deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) catalyzes the aldol reaction between two aldehydes and is thought to be a potential biocatalyst for the production of a variety of stereo-specific materials. A gene encoding DERA from the extreme halophilic archaeon, Haloarcula japonica, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The gene product was successfully purified, using procedures based on the protein's halophilicity, and characterized. The expressed enzyme was stable in a buffer containing 2 M NaCl and exhibited high thermostability, retaining more than 90% of its activity after heating at 70 °C for 10 min. The enzyme was also tolerant to high concentrations of organic solvents, such as acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide. Moreover, H. japonica DERA was highly resistant to a high concentration of acetaldehyde and retained about 35% of its initial activity after 5-h' exposure to 300 mM acetaldehyde at 25 °C, the conditions under which E. coli DERA is completely inactivated. The enzyme exhibited much higher activity at 25 °C than the previously characterized hyperthermophilic DERAs (Sakuraba et al., 2007). Our results suggest that the extremely halophilic DERA has high potential to serve as a biocatalyst in organic syntheses. This is the first description of the biochemical characterization of a halophilic DERA.
|
['Aldehyde-Lyases', 'Archaeal Proteins', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Escherichia coli', 'Haloarcula', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 27,215,670
|
[['D08.811.520.224.062'], ['D12.776.090'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B02.200.400.400.400'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin-Coated and Montelukast-Filled Inhalable Particles: A Dual-Drug Delivery System for Combination Therapy in Asthma.
|
Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, exhibits secondary anti-inflammatory properties when used at higher concentrations. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) evokes pronounced anti-inflammatory effects by interrupting leukocyte adhesion and migration. We hypothesized that inhalable particles containing montelukast plus LMWH release both drugs in a sustained fashion and protect the lungs against allergen-induced inflammation. Large porous particles of montelukast and LMWH were prepared using a double-emulsion-solvent-evaporation method. Montelukast was first encapsulated in copolymer-based particles using polyethylenimine as a porosigen; the resulting particles were then coated with LMWH. The particles were evaluated for physicochemical properties, respirability, and release profiles. The anti-inflammatory effect of the optimized formulation was studied in ovalbumin-sensitized asthmatic Sprague Dawley rats. The optimized large porous particles had a diameter of 10.3 ± 0.7 ìm, exhibited numerous surface indentations and pores, showed acceptable drug entrapment efficiency (66.8% ± 0.4% for montelukast; 91.7% ± 0.8% adsorption efficiency for LMWH), demonstrated biphasic release patterns, and escaped the uptake by the rat alveolar macrophages. The number of infiltrating inflammatory cells in asthmatic rat lungs, treated with dual-drug particles, was >74% fewer than in untreated asthmatic rat lungs. Similarly, the airway walls of asthmatic animals treated with dual-drug particles were 3-fold thinner than those of untreated asthmatic animals (p < 0.001). The optimized formulation protects lungs against methacholine-induced airway hyper-reactivity. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of loading 2 drugs, montelukast and LMWH, into an inhalable particulate system and establishes that this novel combination therapy produces sustained drug release and elicits a robust anti-inflammatory response in the lungs.
|
['Acetates', 'Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Anti-Asthmatic Agents', 'Anticoagulants', 'Asthma', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Microspheres', 'Particle Size', 'Polyesters', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Quinolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 28,057,540
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['E02.319.267.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.796.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D09.698.373.400.300'], ['D23.469'], ['E07.565'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Allelic frequency determination of the 24-bp chitotriosidase duplication in the Portuguese population by real-time PCR.
|
Chitotriosidase is a human chitinase produced by macrophages. Its enzymatic activity is markedly elevated in serum of patients suffering from lysosomal storage disorders, as well as other diseases in which macrophages are activated. Therefore, it is a useful tool as a secondary marker in the diagnosis of several disorders including Gaucher disease type 1 and Niemann-Pick disease. The determination of chitotriosidase levels as a diagnosis complement in some lysosomal storage disorders and in enzyme replacement therapy follow-up of Gaucher disease patients is of great importance. However, the fact that a mutation caused by a 24-bp duplication in the CHIT1 gene resulting in deficiency of plasma chitotriosidase activity is very frequent makes the establishment of the frequency of this mutation in different population groups necessary. Furthermore, in order to validate the use of chitotriosidase activity as a marker, it is indispensable to screen individuals for this particular mutation. In this work, we present the results of a study where the allelic frequency of the above mentioned CHIT1 gene mutation was determined in the Portuguese population by real-time PCR. The frequency of carriers encountered in this sample of Portuguese individuals was of 37%.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Gaucher Disease', 'Gene Frequency', 'Hexosaminidases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Niemann-Pick Diseases', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Portugal']
| 15,528,158
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D23.101'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.441', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.400', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.400', 'C18.452.584.687.803.441', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.400', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.441', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.400'], ['G05.330'], ['D08.811.277.450.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700', 'C15.604.250.410.625', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.700', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.730', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.700', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.700', 'C18.452.584.687.803.730', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.700', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.730', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.700'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.542.727']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Profiling transcriptomic response of Enchytraeus albidus to Cu and Ni: comparison with Cd and Zn.
|
Metals are among the most common contaminants in soils in Europe. Although their effects are relatively well known regarding survival and reproduction to soil invertebrates, their mode of action is poorly understood. Enchytraeus albidus is a model organism in ecotoxicology and with the development of a gene library for this species, transcriptomic studies are now possible. The main aim of this study is to understand the Cu and Ni mechanisms of response in E. albidus, in comparison with Cd and Zn (already studied). E. albidus were exposed to Cu and Ni for 4 days to the reproduction effect concentrations EC50 and EC90. Results indicate that Cu and Ni have similar mechanisms of toxicity. When comparing four elements (hierarchical clustering) it was possible to observe a clear separation of Cd from all other metals. This separation correlates with the available information from other species regarding the toxicokinetics of the tested elements.
|
['Animals', 'Cadmium', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Copper', 'Ecotoxicology', 'Europe', 'Metals', 'Nickel', 'Oligochaeta', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Zinc']
| 24,361,568
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['H01.158.273.248.500', 'H01.158.891.211', 'H01.277.249.500', 'H02.884.211'], ['Z01.542'], ['D01.552'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Economic evaluation of specific immunotherapy versus symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis in Germany.
|
OBJECTIVE: To use published data to compare the economic consequences of specific immunotherapy (SIT) lasting 3 years with those of continuous symptomatic treatment in patients with either pollen or mite allergy.DESIGN AND SETTING: The evaluation was conducted from the following 3 perspectives in Germany: (i) society; (ii) healthcare system; and (iii) statutory health insurance (SHI) provider. A modelling approach was used which was based on secondary analysis of existing data. The follow-up period was 10 years. The break-even point of cumulated costs, their difference per patient and the additional cost per additional patient free from asthma symptoms [incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)] were used as target variables, each from the viewpoint of SIT. The types of costs were direct and indirect (society), direct (healthcare system) and those incurred by SHI (i.e. expenses). In the base-case analysis, the average values of the clinical parameters and average case-related costs/expenses were applied.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The break-even point was reached between year 6 and year 8 after the start of therapy, resulting in net savings of between 650 and 1190 deutschmarks (DM) per patient after 10 years. The ICERs of SIT were between -DM3640 and -DM7410, depending on study perspective and nature of the allergy (1990 values for symptomatic treatment and treatment of asthma, 1995 values for SIT; DM1 approximately $US0.58). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the model and its results. First, all the independent variables of the model were varied. Secondly, the influence of the model variables was quantified using a deterministic model. SIT was more likely to result in net savings than in additional costs. An economic parameter (cost for symptomatic treatment) had the highest influence on the results.CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation showed that SIT for 3 years is economically advantageous in patients who are allergic to pollen or mites and whose symptoms are inadequately controlled by continuous symptomatic treatment. After 10 years, the administration of SIT leads to net savings from the perspectives of society, the healthcare system and SHI (third-party payer) in Germany.
|
['Delivery of Health Care', 'Economics, Pharmaceutical', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Insurance, Health', 'Mite Infestations', 'Pollen', 'Prevalence', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial']
| 10,747,764
|
[['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.390'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['C01.610.858.211.480'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Exogenous Pseudomonas endophthalmitis: a cause of lens enucleation.
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infection, although uncommon, may be a devastating disease if not recognised and treated appropriately, especially in premature infants. The case is presented of a premature baby who lost her right eye from invasive exogenous Ps aeruginosa eye infection.
|
['Endophthalmitis', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Lens Diseases', 'Male', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']
| 11,978,756
|
[['C01.375.265', 'C11.294.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['C11.510'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Modified fluid wax impression for a severely resorbed edentulous mandibular ridge.
|
This article describes a technique for making a definitive impression for highly displaceable residual ridges. The technique is especially applicable for mandibular edentulous ridges. The choice of the impression materials, as well as the design of the impression tray, focuses on preventing distortion of the displaceable residual ridges during impression making. Using an impression tray with an opening, modeling plastic impression compound and impression wax are used to accurately capture the shape of the residual ridge and place pressure onto denture load-bearing areas. Low-viscosity vinyl polysiloxane impression material is then used over the window opening to capture the surface details of the residual ridge without distorting the displaceable tissues. The use of this technique helps in maintaining the contour and capturing the detail of the tissues, as well as in accurately determining the extent of the muccobuccal denture extensions.
|
['Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Dental Impression Materials', 'Dental Impression Technique', 'Dental Models', 'Denture Design', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Mandible', 'Polyvinyls', 'Siloxanes', 'Waxes']
| 19,328,281
|
[['C05.116.264.150', 'C07.465.714.354.500'], ['D25.339.334', 'J01.637.051.339.334'], ['E06.912.130'], ['E06.261', 'J01.897.280.500.545.129.200', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129.200'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.480', 'C07.320.550', 'C07.465.550.425', 'C07.793.597.425'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.616', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533', 'D05.750.716.721', 'D25.720.716.721', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721'], ['D01.837.800', 'D02.756.650', 'D05.750.900', 'D25.720.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900'], ['D10.945']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Calification of the dental system in dialized patients].
|
The authors present the case of an eight-years-old child, dialysed since the age of two following a bilateral nephrectomy. The chronological appearance of the teeth was not disturbed. By contrast, there was a delay in mineralisation of the dental organ, and in particular the root. There was lysis of the alveolar bone, resulting in a parodontopathy. The authors distinguish two ages in the effects of dialysis: the first period is that of the construction of the dental system and the second is the adult age at which the dental system is constituted.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Alveolar Process', 'Bone Resorption', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Odontodysplasia', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Tooth Calcification']
| 206,956
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.650.800.600', 'C07.793.700.600', 'C16.131.850.800.600'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['G07.345.155.500.710', 'G10.549.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
G-protein stimulation inhibits amiloride-sensitive Na/H exchange independently of cyclic AMP.
|
G-proteins are heterotrimeric proteins involved in many transmembrane signaling events. Both the renal basolateral membrane and the renal brush border membrane contain large quantities of these proteins. G-proteins appear related to hormonal signaling in the basolateral membrane and presumably affect ion gating in the brush border. We investigated the influence of G-proteins on the amiloride-sensitive Na/H exchanger, the activity of which is regulated at least in part by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, by measuring the amiloride-sensitive component of [22Na+] uptake in rat renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in the presence of a pH gradient. Incubation of vesicles with AlF4- (10 microM Al3+, 10 mM F-) resulted in significant inhibition of amiloride-sensitive [22Na+] uptake at both 20 seconds and 5 minutes of incubation. Incorporation of GTP gamma S into BBMV by transient hypotonic lysis also resulted in significantly reduced amiloride-sensitive [22Na+] uptake compared to controls at both time points. This inhibition could be reversed by GDP beta S. Similar lysis in the presence of 10 microM GDP beta S alone had no significant effect. When Na(+)-dependent [14C]-D-glucose uptake into BBMV was studied no significant effect of these G-protein modulating agents was observed. Adenylate cyclase activity could not be stimulated in these BBMV preparations using standard techniques. Furthermore, cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, strongly stimulated in these BBMV by exogenously added cAMP, was not stimulated by 10 microM GTP gamma S alone. These findings suggest that the amiloride-sensitive Na/H exchanger can be regulated by G-proteins independently of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Amiloride', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Glucose', 'Guanine Nucleotides', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kidney', 'Microvilli', 'Protein Kinases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sodium', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers']
| 1,321,927
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['D03.383.679.149'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454', 'D13.695.667.454', 'D13.695.827.426'], ['E05.481'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.775', 'D12.776.157.530.937.703', 'D12.776.543.550.190.775', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.775', 'D12.776.543.585.937.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Constitutive and enhanced expression from the CMV major IE promoter in a defective adenovirus vector.
|
A defective adenovirus (Ad) type 5 E1- vector has been combined with the powerful constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate early (IE) promoter to produce a novel eukaryotic expression system. The Ad vector can replicate to high titres in 293 cells and then be used to infect a wide variety of non-permissive cell types. The Escherichia coli lacZ and CMV IE1 genes have been cloned to generate the Ad recombinants RAd35 and RAd31 respectively. In human fibroblasts infected with RAd35 beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) expression could be detected in virtually 100% of target cells, there was no detectable transcription from the Ad genome and extremely high levels of expression could be achieved with beta-gal representing the predominant cytoplasmic cellular protein. Additionally, a number of agents, including the CMV IE1 gene product (in RAd31) and forskolin, significantly enhanced expression from RAd35-infected human fibroblasts. Lower levels of constitutive beta-gal expression were obtained in RAd35-infected HeLa cells but again expression could be enhanced (up to 60 fold) by chemical inducing agents. Expression from the IE promoter in the Ad vector could be repressed by coinfection with CMV.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Defective Viruses', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Immediate-Early Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 1,317,548
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['B04.265'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.460', 'D12.776.964.925.968'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Absence of Inferior Vena Cava in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report.
|
A 27-year-old woman was admitted to our department with end-stage renal failure due to reflux nephropathy. She had no history of deep venous thrombosis. After pretransplantation evaluation, her father was accepted for kidney donation. We observed intraoperatively that the patient's iliac veins and inferior vena cava (IVC) were absent. There were many venous collaterals, but none of them was dilated enough for renal vein anastomosis. Since we could not find a suitable vein for venous drainage of the allograft, we decided to stop donor surgery and postpone renal transplantation (RT) for detailed radiologic examination. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed the absence of an infrahepatic segment of IVC. Superior mesenteric vein was thin. Portal and splenic veins were normal, but we decided not to use them for venous drainage because of increased risk of torsion. We informed the patient and her family about the situation and cancelled RT. Iliac vein and IVC anomalies are not absolute contraindications for RT, but when a dilated collateral vein is not present or when there is no option for safe renal vein anastomosis as in our case, RT may not be possible.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iliac Vein', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Portal System', 'Radiography', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 26,093,758
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.908.427'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['A07.015.908.670'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Building a schematic model: a blueprint for DNP students.
|
Doctor of nursing practice students are frequently required to design schematic models to support the theoretical underpinnings of their scholarly projects. However, there is little information in the literature that provides guidance on how to develop a schematic model. The author presents methods and practical suggestions for faculty engaged in advising DNP students in the development of their scholarly projects.
|
['Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Humans', 'Models, Nursing', 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Theory']
| 22,024,678
|
[['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.645'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['H02.478.408']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Effect of botulinum toxin type A on nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible beneficial effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients (21 females, 13 males; mean age 28 years) were included in the study. AR was diagnosed by means of history, clinical examination and skin prick test. Patients were randomly divided into 3 subgroups a follows: in Group A, 20 units of BTX-A was injected into each nasal cavity (total 40 units); in Group B, 30 units of BTX-A was injected into each nasal cavity (total 60 units); and in Group C, 2 ml of isotonic saline was injected as placebo. The symptoms of AR (rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezing, itching) were scored by the patient on a six-point scale (from 0 to 5). All of the patients were followed up at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8; at each visit an anterior rhinoscopic examination was done and symptom scores were recorded.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and B in terms of average symptom scores. Rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and sneezing scores in Groups A and B were significantly better than those in Group C at all time points. Although itching scores were significantly lower at Weeks 1 and 2, there was no difference in the Week 4, 6 and 8 scores in Groups A and B. When total symptom scores were evaluated, the results for Groups A and B were similar but significantly better than those for Group C.CONCLUSION: In selected cases, injection of 40 units of BTX-A into the turbinates, as a single agent, may help the symptomatic control of AR for up to 8 weeks.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 14,710,908
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.153.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.153.100', 'D12.776.097.156.100', 'D23.946.123.179.050'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.663.700'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Quality and Structure of Outpatient Care for Adults with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - Results of the RAABE-Study [Retrospective Data Analysis of ADHD Treatment in Adults]].
|
OBJECTIVE: Data on the quality and structure of outpatient care for adults with ADHD in Germany are scarce. The study describes the reality of care and identifies possible measures for improvement.METHOD: A complete survey of adults ? 18 years of age with a diagnosis of ADHD (ICD-Code F90.0) covered by statutory health insurance was carried out in the outpatient setting in the German Free State of Bavaria in 2012.RESULTS: The analysis revealed a diagnostic prevalence of ADHD in adults in Bavaria of 0.1 %, which was lower than expected based on ADHD prevalence estimates in the general population (about 3 %). Patients were diagnosed by specialists for CNS disorders and by general practitioners. About 30 % of patients received a medication approved for the treatment of ADHD, and these were in approx. 75 % of cases prescribed by specialists for CNS disorders. About 50 % of the patients received psychotherapy.CONCLUSION: General practitioners play an important role for medical care of adult patients with ADHD. Continuous medical education programmes and collaboration between general practitioners and specialists is an urgent imperative for improving outpatient care of ADHD in adults.
|
['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Data Analysis', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,408,892
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['H01.548.338'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characteristics of effective interventions supporting quality pain management in Australian emergency departments: an exploratory study.
|
BACKGROUND: It is well established that pain is the most common presenting complaint in Emergency Departments. Despite great improvements in available pain management strategies, patients are left waiting for longer than 60min for pain relief on arrival to the emergency department. The aim of this study was to describe interventions that lead to successful implementation of the National Health and Medical Research Council approved guidelines Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence (2nd Edition) that include specific recommendations for best practice pain management.METHODS: A two-phased, mixed-method, exploratory study of all 52 Australian hospital emergency departments participating in the National Emergency Care Pain Management Initiative incorporating interview and document analysis was undertaken.FINDINGS: Interventions used by clinicians to improve pain management included nurse initiated analgesia, intranasal fentanyl for paediatric patients and lignocaine, and facio illiaca block. Education formed a major part of the intervention and the development of a working group of key stakeholders was critical in the successful implementation of change. Staff perceptions of patients' pain level and attitudes toward pain assessment and pain management were identified as barriers.CONCLUSION: This study highlighted how an effective framework to plan and implement practice change and tailored interventions, including education and training systems and products using the best available evidence, best equipped clinicians to manage pain in the ED.
|
['Analgesia', 'Analgesics', 'Australia', 'Disease Management', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Humans', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,813,620
|
[['E03.091'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N04.590.607'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Feasibility of a biomechatronic EPP Upper Limb Prosthesis Controller.
|
In this paper, we examine the feasibility of an implantable topology of a Biomechatronic Extended Physiological Proprioception (EPP) Upper Limb Prosthesis Controller. Initial findings support the hypothesis that the topology is safe and feasible. This novel controller topology can maintain the advantages of EPP, but without its inherent disadvantages i.e. of the existence of unaesthetic cables, or mechanical linkages.
|
['Artificial Limbs', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Proprioception', 'Temperature', 'Wireless Technology']
| 26,736,790
|
[['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Career and family aspirations of female athletic trainers employed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting.
|
CONTEXT: Female athletic trainers (ATs) tend to depart the profession of athletic training after the age of 30. Factors influencing departure are theoretical. Professional demands, particularly at the collegiate level, have also been at the forefront of anecdotal discussion on departure factors.OBJECTIVE: To understand the career and family intentions of female ATs employed in the collegiate setting.DESIGN: Qualitative study.SETTING: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I.PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven female ATs (single = 14, married with no children = 6, married with children = 7) employed in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: All female ATs responded to a series of open-ended questions via reflective journaling. Data were analyzed via a general inductive approach. Trustworthiness was established by peer review, member interpretive review, and multiple-analyst triangulation.RESULTS: Our participants indicated a strong desire to focus on family or to start a family as part of their personal aspirations. Professionally, many female ATs were unsure of their longevity within the Division I collegiate setting or even the profession itself, with 2 main themes emerging as factors influencing decisions to depart: family planning persistence and family planning departure. Six female ATs planned to depart the profession entirely because of conflicts with motherhood and the role of the AT. Only 3 female ATs indicated a professional goal of persisting at the Division I setting regardless of their family or marital status, citing their ability to maintain work-life balance because of support networks. The remaining 17 female ATs planned to make a setting change to balance the roles of motherhood and AT because the Division I setting was not conducive to parenting.CONCLUSIONS: Our results substantiate those of previous researchers, which indicate the Division I setting can be problematic for female ATs and stimulate departure from the setting and even the profession.
|
['Adult', 'Career Choice', 'Data Collection', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Parenting', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Behavior', 'Sports', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Work']
| 25,329,349
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['F01.145.813'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I03.946']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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A study of the correlation between cyclophilin binding and in vitro immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine A and analogues.
|
In order to establish whether CyP is the pharmacologically relevant CsA receptor, the CyP binding v immunosuppressive activity was measured for an extensive, structurally varied group of CsA analogues. Overall, CyP binding was found to parallel immunosuppressive activity. Other than MeAla6-CsA, the few exceptions to the correlation could be ascribed to cellular metabolism. These results strongly implicate CyP or a related protein in the mechanism of action of cyclosporine.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cyclosporins', 'Ethers', 'Immunosuppression', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-2', 'Ionomycin', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Mice', 'Peptidylprolyl Isomerase', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 2,966,482
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['D02.355'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.399.325.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic overexpression of PNPLA3I148M in mouse liver causes hepatic steatosis.
|
A genetic variant in PNPLA3 (PNPLA3(I148M)), a triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolase, is a major risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the mechanism underlying this association is not known. To develop an animal model of PNPLA3-induced fatty liver disease, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress similar amounts of wild-type PNPLA3 (PNPLA3(WT)) or mutant PNPLA3 (PNPLA3(I148M)) either in liver or adipose tissue. Overexpression of the transgenes in adipose tissue did not affect liver fat content. Expression of PNPLA3(I148M), but not PNPLA3(WT), in liver recapitulated the fatty liver phenotype as well as other metabolic features associated with this allele in humans. Metabolic studies provided evidence for 3 distinct alterations in hepatic TAG metabolism in PNPLA3(I148M) transgenic mice: increased formation of fatty acids and TAG, impaired hydrolysis of TAG, and relative depletion of TAG long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These findings suggest that PNPLA3 plays a role in remodeling TAG in lipid droplets, as they accumulate in response to food intake, and that the increase in hepatic TAG levels associated with the I148M substitution results from multiple changes in hepatic TAG metabolism. The development of an animal model that recapitulates the metabolic phenotype of the allele in humans provides a new platform in which to elucidate the role of PNLPA3(I148M) in NAFLD.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fatty Liver', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent', 'Triglycerides']
| 23,023,705
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251'], ['C06.552.241'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937.300'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Diarrhea and respiratory symptoms among travelers to Asia, Africa, and South and Central America from Scotland.
|
Surveillance using admissions to hospital, while being useful, is a poor indicator of the real incidence of disease encountered by travelers. An alternative is self-reported illness among those who attended at a pretravel clinic prior to their travels. Estimates of incidence and risk factors were determined for attendees at a travel clinic in Scotland using a questionnaire. Analysis for risk factors was carried out for those travelers visiting countries in Africa, Asia, or South and Central America, who had traveled for 1 week or more and had returned between 1997 and 2001 (N= 4,856). Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the hypotheses that time abroad and age-group would be significant for both respiratory and diarrheal symptoms regardless of which of the three geographical areas are visited. From 2006 returned questionnaires (response rate = 41.3%), diarrhea and respiratory symptoms were reported by 44.2 and 16.8% of respondents, respectively; the incidence was significantly greater among travelers to Asia for both diarrheal (55.5%) and respiratory (23.7%) symptoms than among travelers to Africa (36.6 and 12.2%, respectively) or South and Central America (39.5 and 16.2%, respectively). For diarrhea, age was a highly significant risk factor for travelers to Asia, South and Central America, and Africa. Being a self-organized tourist/backpacker, traveling to Asia was associated with increased risk, while for Africa and South and Central America visiting family or friends was associated with a lower risk. For travelers to Asia, traveling to the Indian subcontinent was significantly associated with increased risk. The majority of travelers had an adverse event while traveling abroad, with diarrhea and respiratory conditions being especially common despite attending a travel clinic for advice prior to departure. However, the limitations of this surveillance-based strategy have highlighted the requirement for more research to understand more fully the issues of risk and incidence among travelers to high-risk destinations from Scotland.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Africa', 'Age Factors', 'Asia', 'Central America', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diarrhea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Risk Factors', 'Scotland', 'South America', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Travel']
| 16,884,402
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['Z01.252'], ['Z01.107.169'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['Z01.107.757'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I03.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Field work, narrative and knowledge production in contemporary ethnographic research: a contribution to the field of health].
|
In this article I reflect on the peculiarities of contemporary ethnographic research, highlighting some challenges inherent to this process. The discussion focuses in particular on the following aspects: the limits imposed by the clear reduction in immersion time in the field; the challenges in learning about ethnographic work, either in the process of observation or interaction in the field, or in the task of textual production; issues of an epistemological and ethical nature that deserve particular attention on the part of practitioners of the ethnographic approach and the scientific community in general. It is especially appropriate to foster debate around the ethnographic method, addressing its peculiarities, operational complexity and potential as a tool for knowledge production, in the sphere of health/public health, bearing in mind the marked increase of this approach in this field.
|
['Anthropology, Cultural', 'Humans', 'Public Health', 'Research']
| 22,450,403
|
[['I01.076.201'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Production and fungitoxic activity of Sch 642305, a secondary metabolite of Penicillium canescens.
|
Production of fungitoxic extrolites was evaluated in culture filtrates of several isolates belonging to Penicillium canescens and P. janczewskii that showed some extent of inhibitory activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In addition to griseofulvin and dechlorogriseofulvin that are already known in these species, curvulinic acid, previously unreported in Penicillium, was produced by all isolates assayed. Another extrolite recently characterized from a P. verrucosum strain by the name of Sch 642305 was detected in 5 isolates of P. canescens only. The purified compound completely inhibited mycelial growth of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani and other plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. The role of this extrolite as a possible biochemical determinant of antagonism toward plant pathogenic fungi, and implications concerning chemotaxonomy are discussed.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Macrolides', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Penicillium', 'Plant Diseases', 'Rhizoctonia', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 17,429,757
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.300.381.662'], ['G15.610'], ['B01.300.381.740'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Diverse signaling pathways activated by growth factor receptors induce broadly overlapping, rather than independent, sets of genes.
|
We sought to explore the relationship between receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activated signaling pathways and the transcriptional induction of immediate early genes (IEGs). Using global expression monitoring, we identified 66 fibroblast IEGs induced by platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFRbeta) signaling. Mutant receptors lacking binding sites for activation of the PLCgamma, PI3K, SHP2, and RasGAP pathways still retain partial ability to induce 64 of these IEGs. Removal of the Grb2-binding site further broadly reduces induction. These results suggest that the diverse pathways exert broadly overlapping effects on IEG induction. Interestingly, a mutant receptor that restores the RasGAP-binding site promotes induction of an independent group of genes, normally induced by interferons. Finally, we compare the PDGFRbeta and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; each induces essentially identical IEGs in fibroblasts.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Immediate-Early', 'Genes, Overlapping', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Mice', 'Mutagenesis', 'Phenylalanine', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1', 'Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta', 'Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor', 'Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tyrosine']
| 10,380,925
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.345', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.345', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.345'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.558'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.177', 'D12.776.543.750.630.440', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.370.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.492', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.150', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.750', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.370'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lactose intolerance revealed by severe resistance to treatment with levothyroxine.
|
The most common cause of apparent ineffectiveness or resistance to treatment with oral levothyroxine (LT(4)) is the result of noncompliance, known as pseudomalabsorption. However, an abnormality in the bioavailability of LT(4) should also be considered in patients requiring large doses of LT(4) to achieve euthyroidism. The incidence of lactose intolerance in Caucasian adult patients is 7%-20%, but the association with resistance to treatment with oral LT(4) is unusual. We report a 55-year-old woman in whom treatment LT(4) for hypothyroidism was found related to a previously undiagnosed oligo-symptomatic lactose intolerance, an unusual association. Although rare, intolerance to lactose should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases that can cause malabsorption of LT(4). The possibility of correcting this disorder with simple dietary measures justifies its consideration.
|
['Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Lactose Intolerance', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroxine']
| 17,123,345
|
[['G07.690.773.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['C06.405.469.637.506', 'C16.320.565.202.589', 'C18.452.603.506', 'C18.452.648.202.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of conjugated polyrotaxanes.
|
A series of conjugated polyrotaxane insulated molecular wires are synthesised by aqueous Suzuki polymerisation, using hydrophobic binding to promote threading of the cyclodextrin units. These polyrotaxanes have conjugated polymer cores based on poly(para-phenylene), polyfluorene, and poly(diphenylene-vinylene), threaded through 0.9-1.6 cyclodextrins per repeat unit. Bulky naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate endgroups prevent the macrocycles from slipping off the conjugated polymer chains. Dialysis experiments show that the cyclodextrins become unthreaded only if smaller stoppers are used. MALDI TOF mass spectra detect oligomers with up to ten threaded cyclodextrins, and reveal the presence of some defects that result for oxidative homo-coupling of boronic acids. Weight-average molecular weights were determined by analytical ultracentrifugation, demonstrating that step-growth polymerisation is efficient enough to achieve degrees of polymerisation up to approximately 20 repeat units (84 para-phenylenes). The fluorescence spectra of these polyrotaxanes indicate that the presence of the threaded cyclodextrin macrocycles reduces the flexibility of the conjugated polymer pi-systems. Both the solution and the solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields are enhanced upon threading of the conjugated polyaromatic cores through alpha- or beta-cyclodextrins, and the emission spectra of the polyrotaxanes are blue-shifted compared to the corresponding unthreaded polymers. The greater weight of the 0-0 transition in the emission spectra, as well as the smaller Stokes shift, indicate that the polyrotaxanes are more rigid than the unthreaded polymers.
|
['Cyclodextrins', 'Fluorenes', 'Light', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nanotechnology', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Polyvinyls', 'Rotaxanes', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 14,679,528
|
[['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.389', 'D04.615.389'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.494'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.616', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533', 'D05.750.716.721', 'D25.720.716.721', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721'], ['D02.825'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Despite that 60-90% of injection drug users (IDUs) are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, IDUs are often denied therapy based on concerns of reinfection following treatment. However, there are little data in this regard. We evaluated HCV re-infection following sustained virologic response (SVR) among HCV-infected IDUs having received HCV treatment in a multidisciplinary program.METHODS: Following treatment, participants were encouraged to return at follow-up intervals of 1 year and illicit drug use histories were obtained. In those with SVR, HCV RNA testing by PCR was performed to determine if relapse or reinfection occurred.RESULTS: Among 58 receiving HCV treatment between January 2002 and December 2006, 60% (35 of 58) achieved an SVR. Patients were followed for a median of 2.0 years following SVR (range, 0.4-5.0 years), with ongoing illicit and injection drug use reported in 54% (19 of 35) and 46% (16 of 35). Of the 35 with SVR, 28 remained HCV RNA negative during follow-up (80%), with four lost to follow-up and one dying of hepatocellular carcinoma and two cases of reinfection were observed (2 of 35). The rates of reinfection were 3.2 per 100 p-y (95% CI:0.4, 11.5) overall and 5.3 per 100 p-y (95% CI:0.6, 19.0) among those reporting injecting following SVR (n = 16). One of two participants with HCV re-infection spontaneously cleared virus following reinfection.CONCLUSION: The rate of reinfection following treatment for HCV infection among current and former IDUs engaged in a multidisciplinary program is low.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'British Columbia', 'Community Health Centers', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drug Users', 'Female', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Interferon alpha-2', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Prospective Studies', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Recurrence', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Ribavirin', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 20,594,256
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['N02.278.035.128'], ['E02.319.310'], ['M01.169'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250.500', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250.500', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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