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SCFAs strongly stimulate PYY production in human enteroendocrine cells.
|
Peptide-YY (PYY) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) play important roles in the regulation of food intake and insulin secretion, and are of translational interest in the field of obesity and diabetes. PYY production is highest in enteroendocrine cells located in the distal intestine, mirroring the sites where high concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by gut microbiota. We show here that propionate and butyrate strongly increased expression of PYY but not GCG in human cell line and intestinal primary culture models. The effect was predominantly attributable to the histone deacetylase inhibitory activity of SCFA and minor, but significant contributions of FFA2 (GPR43). Consistent with the SCFA-dependent elevation of PYY gene expression, we also observed increased basal and stimulated PYY hormone secretion. Interestingly, the transcriptional stimulation of PYY was specific to human-derived cell models and not reproduced in murine primary cultures. This is likely due to substantial differences in PYY gene structure between mouse and human. In summary, this study revealed a strong regulation of PYY production by SCFA that was evident in humans but not mice, and suggests that high fibre diets elevate plasma concentrations of the anorexigenic hormone PYY, both by targeting gene expression and hormone secretion.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enteroendocrine Cells', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Humans', 'Peptide YY']
| 29,311,617
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['A06.390', 'A11.382.625', 'A11.436.294'], ['D10.251.400'], ['G05.297'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.317.662', 'D06.472.699.595', 'D12.644.548.595']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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Brain aromatase (Cyp19A2) and estrogen receptors, in larvae and adult pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis: Neuroanatomical and functional relations.
|
Although estrogens exert many functions on vertebrate brains, there is little information on the relationship between brain aromatase and estrogen receptors. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of two estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, in pejerrey. Both receptors' mRNAs largely overlap and were predominantly expressed in the brain, pituitary, liver, and gonads. Also brain aromatase and estrogen receptors were up-regulated in the brain of estradiol-treated males. In situ hybridization was performed to study in more detail, the distribution of the two receptors in comparison with brain aromatase mRNA in the brain of adult pejerrey. The estrogen receptors' mRNAs exhibited distinct but partially overlapping patterns of expression in the preoptic area and the mediobasal hypothalamus, as well as in the pituitary gland. Moreover, the estrogen receptor alpha, but not beta, were found to be expressed in cells lining the preoptic recess, similarly as observed for brain aromatase. Finally, it was shown that the onset expression of brain aromatase and both estrogen receptors in the head of larvae preceded the morphological differentiation of the gonads. Because pejerrey sex differentiation is strongly influenced by temperature, brain aromatase expression was measured during the temperature-sensitive window and was found to be significantly higher at male-promoting temperature. Taken together these results suggest close neuroanatomical and functional relationships between brain aromatase and estrogen receptors, probably involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain and raising interesting questions on the origin (central or peripheral) of the brain aromatase substrate.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Aromatase', 'Base Sequence', 'Brain', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Perciformes', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 18,691,594
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Use of antidiabetic drugs in the U.S., 2003-2012.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe market trends for antidiabetic drugs, focusing on newly approved drugs, concomitant use of antidiabetic drugs, and effects of safety concerns and access restrictions on thiazolidinedione use.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nationally projected data on antidiabetic prescriptions for adults dispensed from U.S. retail pharmacies were extracted from IMS Health Vector One National and Total Patient Tracker for 2003-2012 and from Encuity Research Treatment Answers and Symphony Health Solutions PHAST Prescription Monthly for 2012.RESULTS: Since 2003, the number of adult antidiabetic drug users increased by 42.9% to 18.8 million in 2012. Metformin use increased by 97.0% to 60.4 million prescriptions dispensed in retail pharmacies in 2012. Among antidiabetic drugs newly approved for marketing between 2003 and 2012, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin had the largest share with 10.5 million prescriptions in 2012. Rosiglitazone use plummeted to <13,000 prescriptions dispensed in retail or mail-order pharmacies in 2012. Concomitancy analyses showed that 44.9% of metformin use was for monotherapy. Between 33.4 and 48.1% of sulfonylurea, DPP-4 inhibitor, thiazolidinedione, and glucagon-like peptide 1 analog use was not accompanied by metformin.CONCLUSIONS: The antidiabetic drug market is characterized by steady increases in volume, and newly approved drugs experienced substantial uptake, especially DPP-4 inhibitors. The use of rosiglitazone has been negligible since restrictions were put in place in 2011. Further study is needed to understand why one-third to one-half of other noninsulin antidiabetic drug use was not concomitant with metformin use despite guidelines recommending that metformin be continued when other agents are added to treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Marketing of Health Services', 'Metformin', 'Pharmacies', 'Prescription Drugs', 'Pyrazines', 'Rosiglitazone', 'Sitagliptin Phosphate', 'Sulfonylurea Compounds', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'Triazoles', 'United States']
| 24,623,020
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.335', 'D27.505.696.422.500'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['J01.219.687.550', 'N03.219.463.548', 'N05.300.430.500'], ['D02.078.370.141.450'], ['N02.278.678'], ['D26.670'], ['D03.383.679'], ['D02.886.675.933.500', 'D03.383.129.708.933.500'], ['D03.383.129.799.725', 'D03.383.679.875'], ['D02.065.950.828', 'D02.886.590.795'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933'], ['D03.383.129.799'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Resurgent bacterial sexually transmitted disease among men who have sex with men--King County, Washington, 1997-1999.
|
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, King County, Washington (1998 population: 1.6 million), experienced a substantial epidemic of infectious syphilis (i.e., primary, secondary, and early latent). Subsequently, reported cases of infectious syphilis declined to six cases in 1995 and one in 1996; five of the 1995 cases and the case in 1996 were believed to have been acquired outside King County. However, in 1997, sustained spread of syphilis was reestablished in King County. To determine whether this reemergence was associated with changes in the epidemiology of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Public Health-Seattle and King County (PHSKC) analyzed notifiable STD data for 1997-1999. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that infectious syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in King County increased to 46 cases during January-June 1999, and chlamydia and gonorrhea also increased among MSM attending public health clinics.
|
['Adult', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial', 'Washington']
| 11,263,546
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.734', 'C01.221.812.281', 'C01.778.281', 'C12.294.668.281', 'C13.351.500.711.281', 'C23.550.291.531.937.281'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Elicited and pre-existing anti-Neu5Gc antibodies differentially affect human endothelial cells transcriptome.
|
Humans cannot synthesize N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) but dietary Neu5Gc can be absorbed and deposited on endothelial cells (ECs) and diet-induced anti-Neu5Gc antibodies (Abs) develop early in human life. While the interaction of Neu5Gc and diet-induced anti-Neu5Gc Abs occurs in all normal individuals, endothelium activation by elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs following a challenge with animal-derived materials, such as following xenotransplantation, had been postulated. Ten primary human EC preparations were cultured with affinity-purified anti-Neu5Gc Abs from human sera obtained before or after exposure to Neu5Gc-glycosylated rabbit IgGs (elicited Abs). RNAs of each EC preparation stimulated in various conditions by purified Abs were exhaustively sequenced. EC transcriptomic patterns induced by elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs, compared with pre-existing ones, were analyzed. qPCR, cytokines/chemokines release, and apoptosis were tested on some EC preparations. The data showed that anti-Neu5Gc Abs induced 967 differentially expressed (DE) genes. Most DE genes are shared following EC activation by pre-existing or anti-human T-cell globulin (ATG)-elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs. Compared with pre-existing anti-Neu5Gc Abs, which are normal component of ECs environment, elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs down-regulated 66 genes, including master genes of EC function. Furthermore, elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs combined with complement-containing serum down-regulated most transcripts mobilized by serum alone. Both types of anti-Neu5Gc Abs-induced a dose- and complement-dependent release of selected cytokines and chemokines. Altogether, these data show that, compared with pre-existing anti-Neu5Gc Abs, ATG-elicited anti-Neu5Gc Abs specifically modulate genes related to cytokine responses, MAPkinase cascades, chemotaxis, and integrins and do not skew the EC transcriptome toward a pro-inflammatory profile in vitro.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Transcriptome', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 31,293,002
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A10.272.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 0
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A clinical trial of the effects of estrogen in acutely psychotic women.
|
This study was a preliminary open clinical trial aimed at exploring the hypothesis that estrogen may provide protection against schizophrenia in women. Eleven women with acute psychotic symptoms, as scored on the BPRS, SAPS and SANS, had 0.02 mg estradiol added to neuroleptic treatment for eight weeks. Their response was compared to seven women with similar symptom severity receiving neuroleptic treatment alone. Both groups had baseline hormonal assays of estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH and underwent regular psychopathology ratings during the eight weeks. The group receiving the estradiol adjunct showed more rapid improvement in psychotic symptoms compared with the group receiving neuroleptics only. This difference was not sustained for the entirety of the trial. Both groups reached similar levels of recovery by the eighth week. These results suggest that estradiol may have antipsychotic properties and/or act as a catalyst for neuroleptic responsiveness in women with schizophrenia.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pilot Projects', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,827,850
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Death certification in general practice: review of records.
|
The records of death that had been certified by general practitioners in one practice over 18 years were assessed in the light of the recent joint publications of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Pathologists. Over this period roughly 30% of the deaths in the practice population occurred outside hospital and a total of 262 certificates were issued. A review of 262 counterfoils of records of death certification showed that 12 counterfoils (4.6%) had no age and sex mentioned, and three counterfoils did not describe the place of death. The average age at death outside hospital was 71.6 years--the age of women being 75.1 years compared with that of men of 68.2 years. Only 2% of patients had had a necropsy. The common causes of death stated in the certificates were: cardiovascular 41%, carcinoma 35%, respiratory 15%, and stroke 8%. All contributory causes are also mentioned. Ninety seven per cent of the patients were seen after death by the doctors in the practice and 68% had been seen in the two days preceding death. We emphasise the importance of keeping accurate records of deaths in general practice for audit and research as well as for planning services for terminally ill and recently bereaved patients.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Death Certificates', 'England', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors']
| 6,424,761
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.940.350', 'L01.399.250.900.350', 'N04.452.859.264', 'N05.715.360.300.715.315', 'N06.850.520.308.940.350'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Life on the rocks: habitat use drives morphological and performance evolution in lizards.
|
As a group, lizards occupy a vast array of habitats worldwide, yet there remain relatively few cases where habitat use (ecology), morphology, and thus, performance, are clearly related. The best known examples include: increased limb length in response to increased arboreal perch diameter in anoles and increased limb length in response to increased habitat openness for some skinks. Rocky habitats impose strong natural selection on specific morphological characteristics, which differs from that imposed on terrestrial species, because moving about on inclined substrates of irregular sizes and shapes constrains locomotor performance in predictable ways. We quantified habitat use, morphology, and performance of 19 species of lizards (family Scincidae, subfamily Lygosominae) from 23 populations in tropical Australia. These species use habitats with considerable variation in rock availability. Comparative phylogenetic analyses revealed that occupation of rock-dominated habitats correlated with the evolution of increased limb length, compared to species from forest habitats that predominantly occupied leaf litter. Moreover, increased limb length directly affected performance, with species from rocky habitats having greater sprinting, climbing, and clinging ability than their relatives from less rocky habitats. Thus, we found that the degree of rock use is correlated with both morphological and performance evolution in this group of tropical lizards.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Australia', 'Biological Evolution', 'Ecosystem', 'Extremities', 'Female', 'Lizards', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Species Specificity']
| 19,137,951
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['A01.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.393'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['G05.783'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Endothelium protective effect of the high viscosity substances hyaluronic acid and methylcellulose in mechanical damage].
|
We investigated the protective effect of the high-viscosity substances sodium hyaluronate (1%) and methylcellulose (2%) on corneal endothelium in the face of severe mechanical insult. An intraocular lens was drawn across the endothelium of porcine corneas with standardized conditions. We used different compression forces. Methylcellulose and sodium hyaluronate were used as lubricating substances in the experimental groups, while balanced salt solution (BSS PLUS) was used in the control group. In this study no significant protective effect of high-viscosity substances against strong direct mechanical damage was generally demonstrable. Only one group in which a moderately strong compression force was applied showed significantly less smaller endothelial cell loss when methylcellulose was used. The most important function of viscous substances is therefore to prevent a collapse of the anterior chamber and to prevent any contact of the intraocular lens or of instruments with the endothelium. Any mechanical contact with the endothelium means an irreversible endothelial cell loss.
|
['Animals', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Methylcellulose', 'Swine']
| 2,272,577
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['A09.371.060.067.318', 'A09.371.060.217.318', 'A10.272.491.318'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D09.698.365.180.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
NFAT and CREB regulate Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).
|
COX-2 has been implicated in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency and pathogenesis (A. George Paul, N. Sharma-Walia, N. Kerur, C. White, and B. Chandran, Cancer Res. 70:3697-3708, 2010; P. P. Naranatt, H. H. Krishnan, S. R. Svojanovsky, C. Bloomer, S. Mathur, and B. Chandran, Cancer Res. 64:72-84, 2004; N. Sharma-Walia, A. G. Paul, V. Bottero, S. Sadagopan, M. V. Veettil, N. Kerur, and B. Chandran, PLoS Pathog. 6:e1000777, 2010; N. Sharma-Walia, H. Raghu, S. Sadagopan, R. Sivakumar, M. V. Veettil, P. P. Naranatt, M. M. Smith, and B. Chandran, J. Virol. 80:6534-6552, 2006). However, the precise regulatory mechanisms involved in COX-2 induction during KSHV infection have never been explored. Here, we identified cis-acting elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 upon KSHV de novo infection. Promoter analysis using human COX-2 promoter deletion and mutation reporter constructs revealed that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE) modulate KSHV-mediated transcriptional regulation of COX-2. Along with multiple KSHV-induced signaling pathways, infection-induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) also augmented COX-2 transcription. Infection of endothelial cells markedly induced COX-2 expression via a cyclosporine A-sensitive, calcineurin/NFAT-dependent pathway. KSHV infection increased intracellular cAMP levels and activated protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylated the CRE-binding protein (CREB) at serine 133, which probably led to interaction with CRE in the COX-2 promoter, thereby enhancing COX-2 transcription. PKA selective inhibitor H-89 pretreatment strongly inhibited CREB serine 133, indicating the involvement of a cAMP-PKA-CREB-CRE loop in COX-2 transcriptional regulation. In contrast to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C, inhibition of FAK and Src effectively reduced KSHV infection-induced COX-2 transcription and protein levels. Collectively, our study indicates that mediation of COX-2 transcription upon KSHV infection is a paradigm of a complex regulatory milieu involving the interplay of multiple signal cascades and transcription factors. Intervention at each step of COX-2/PGE(2) induction can be used as a potential therapeutic target to treat KSHV-associated neoplasm and control inflammatory sequels of KSHV infection.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'DNA, Viral', 'Dermis', 'Dinoprostone', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Herpesvirus 8, Human', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Luciferases', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection']
| 20,943,963
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['A17.815.180'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308.385'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B04.280.210.400.700.330', 'B04.280.382.400.700.330', 'B04.613.204.500.700.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.930.608'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maximum-Entropy Models of Sequenced Immune Repertoires Predict Antigen-Antibody Affinity.
|
The immune system has developed a number of distinct complex mechanisms to shape and control the antibody repertoire. One of these mechanisms, the affinity maturation process, works in an evolutionary-like fashion: after binding to a foreign molecule, the antibody-producing B-cells exhibit a high-frequency mutation rate in the genome region that codes for the antibody active site. Eventually, cells that produce antibodies with higher affinity for their cognate antigen are selected and clonally expanded. Here, we propose a new statistical approach based on maximum entropy modeling in which a scoring function related to the binding affinity of antibodies against a specific antigen is inferred from a sample of sequences of the immune repertoire of an individual. We use our inference strategy to infer a statistical model on a data set obtained by sequencing a fairly large portion of the immune repertoire of an HIV-1 infected patient. The Pearson correlation coefficient between our scoring function and the IC50 neutralization titer measured on 30 different antibodies of known sequence is as high as 0.77 (p-value 10-6), outperforming other sequence- and structure-based models.
|
['Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antibody Affinity', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Entropy', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'HIV Antibodies', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Models, Immunological', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation', 'Normal Distribution', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 27,074,145
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['G12.122'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.906.345'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.440'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical, psychological and psychosocial factors in spontaneous and recurrent or habitual abortion. Results of a pilot study].
|
In a pilotstudy about medical, psychological and psychosocial factors in spontaneous and recurrent spontaneous abortions 47 women were investigated. 26 of them had one, 14 tow and 7 three or more recurrent spontaneous abortions. Etiologic factors were unknown in about 90% of the cases. Illnesses observed were allergies, thyroid diseases and infections. An influence of social and psychosocial factors could not be proved in our sample. Psychological relevant factors were higher levels of fear and depressive and evasive coping strategies in pregnancy. Certain personality traits (vulnerability, nervousness and tendency to psychosomatic reactions) were found in women with three or more recurrent abortions. All patients showed depressive reactions to pregnancy loss. In a further investigation well defined subgroups of patients shall be compared. The results can serve as guidelines in pregnancy counselling.
|
['Abortion, Habitual', 'Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Affective Symptoms', 'Endocrine System Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Personality Inventory', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pregnancy', 'Psychosocial Deprivation', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 3,223,117
|
[['C13.703.039.089'], ['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.100'], ['C19'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F01.829.628', 'I01.880.853.100.806'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Analysis of causes of death and YPLL on residents in the industrial pollution area in Chongqing from 1991 to 1998].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of death in residents living in the area of industrial pollution in Chongqing.METHODS: Mortality rate, sequence of causes of death, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the valued years of potential life lost (VYPLL) were used to analyze causes of death in 1991 - 1998. Community not polluted by industry was chosen to serve as control.RESULTS: The annual average mortality rate of the residents was 7.34 per thousand (standard mortality rate 4.61 per thousand). The sequence of major causes of death was shown as below: malignant tumors (mortality rate 198.07/10(5), standard mortality rate 126.35/10(5)), cerebrovascular diseases (mortality rate 159.13/10(5), standard mortality rate 92.66/10(5)), respiratory system diseases (mortality rate 107.33/10(5), standard mortality rate 84.85/10(5)), cardiac diseases (mortality rate 95.36/10(5), standard mortality rate 59.37/10(5)) and accidental deaths (mortality rate 47.08/10(5), standard mortality rate 43.28/10(5)). Among malignant tumors, lung cancer took the lead with a mortality rate of 65.49/10(5) (standard mortality rate 45.27/10(5)). In both sequences of standard rates of YPLL and VYPLL for major causes of deaths, accidental death was always took the first place.CONCLUSION: In order to reduce mortality rate of the residents in the area, it is necessary to strengthen the administration of natural and social environment of the area.
|
['Accidents', 'Cause of Death', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'China', 'Environmental Pollution', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Industry', 'Life Expectancy', 'Neoplasms', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases']
| 11,860,846
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['C04'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['C08']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells activate NF-êB pathway in macrophages to promote cancer progression.
|
Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and cancer cells. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells derived exosomes contribute to cancer progression through the modulation of tumor microenvironment. However, the effects of exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells on macrophages are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the biological role of gastric cancer cells derived exosomes in the activation of macrophages. We demonstrated that gastric cancer cells derived exosomes activated macrophages to express increased levels of proinflammatory factors, which in turn promoted tumor cell proliferation and migration. In addition, gastric cancer cells derived exosomes remarkably upregulated the phosphorylation of NF-êB in macrophages. Inhibiting the activation of NF-êB reversed the upregulation of proinflammatory factors in macrophages and blocked their promoting effects on gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we found that gastric cancer cells derived exosomes could also activate macrophages from human peripheral blood monocytes through the activation of NF-êB. In conclusion, our results suggest that gastric cancer cells derived exosomes stimulate the activation of NF-êB pathway in macrophages to promote cancer progression, which provides a potential therapeutic approach for gastric cancer by interfering with the interaction between exosomes and macrophages in tumor microenvironment.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Progression', 'Exosomes', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 27,220,495
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid and sensitive detection of Singapore grouper iridovirus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
|
AIMS: The aim of this paper was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid, sensitive and inexpensive detection of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) in grouper (GP), Epinephelus sp.METHODS AND RESULTS: A set of six specific primers was designed by targeting the SGIV ORF-014L. With Bst DNA polymerase large fragment, the target DNA can be amplified as early as 20 min at 65 degrees C in a simple water bath. The detection limit is about 0.02 fg (equivalent to 6.3 copies) of plasmid ORF-014L. LAMP products could be judged with three different methods. There were no cross-reactions with seven other aquatic animal viruses indicating high specificity of the LAMP. The LAMP method was applied to detect SGIV in virus-infected GP cells and GP tissues effectively.CONCLUSIONS: The LAMP described in this study is a cheap, sensitive, specific and rapid protocol for the detection of SGIV in cells and in GP tissues.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The developed LAMP method can be simply applied both in field condition and in laboratory operation for specific detection of SGIV infection.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Viral', 'Fishes', 'Food Microbiology', 'Iridovirus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Virology']
| 18,312,563
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B04.280.410.400', 'B04.525.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.859']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Combined serum levels of multiple proteins in tPA-BDNF pathway may aid the diagnosis of five mental disorders.
|
Mental disorders are severe, disabling conditions with unknown etiology and are commonly misdiagnosed when clinical symptomology criteria are solely used. Our previous work indicated that combination of serum levels of multiple proteins in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway improved accuracy of diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we measured serum levels of tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), BDNF, precursor-BDNF (proBDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (SZ, n = 34), MDD (n = 30), bipolar mania (BM, n = 30), bipolar depression (BD, n = 22), panic disorder (PD, n = 30), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 30) by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze diagnostic potential of these proteins. We found, compared with HCs, that serum tPA and proBDNF were lower in SZ, BM and BD; TrkB was lower in SZ and BD; and p75NTR was declined in SZ and BM. ROC analysis showed that combined serum level of tPA, PAI-1, BDNF, proBDNF, TrkB and p75NTR was better than any single protein in accuracy of diagnosis and differentiation, suggesting that the combination of multiple serum proteins levels in tPA-BDNF pathway may have a potential for a diagnostic panel in mental disorders.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Receptor, trkB', 'Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor']
| 28,761,093
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.700', 'D12.776.543.750.630.498', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The budding yeast polo-like kinase Cdc5 regulates the Ndt80 branch of the meiotic recombination checkpoint pathway.
|
Defects in chromosome synapsis and/or meiotic recombination activate a surveillance mechanism that blocks meiotic cell cycle progression to prevent anomalous chromosome segregation and formation of aberrant gametes. In the budding yeast zip1 mutant, which lacks a synaptonemal complex component, the meiotic recombination checkpoint is triggered, resulting in extremely delayed meiotic progression. We report that overproduction of the polo-like kinase Cdc5 partially alleviates the meiotic prophase arrest of zip1, leading to the formation of inviable meiotic products. Unlike vegetative cells, we demonstrate that Cdc5 overproduction does not stimulate meiotic checkpoint adaptation because the Mek1 kinase remains activated in zip1 2ì-CDC5 cells. Inappropriate meiotic divisions in zip1 promoted by high levels of active Cdc5 do not result from altered function of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Swe1. In contrast, CDC5 overexpression leads to premature induction of the Ndt80 transcription factor, which drives the expression of genes required for meiotic divisions, including CLB1. We also show that depletion of Cdc5 during meiotic prophase prevents the production of Ndt80 and that CDK activity contributes to the induction of Ndt80 in zip1 cells overexpressing CDC5. Our results reveal a role for Cdc5 in meiotic checkpoint control by regulating Ndt80 function.
|
['CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Meiosis', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 21,795,394
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.375', 'D12.644.360.250.067.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.500', 'D12.776.354.750.124', 'D12.776.476.250.067.500'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.297'], ['G04.144.109.750', 'G04.144.220.220.781.337', 'G05.113.220.781.338'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['G05.728'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serendipitous discovery of novel imidazolopyrazole scaffold as selective androgen receptor modulators.
|
A novel imidazolopyrazole derivative has been fortuitously discovered as potent selective androgen receptor modulator with in vivo efficacy.
|
['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Models, Molecular', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Orchiectomy', 'Organ Size', 'Prostate', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Testosterone']
| 17,079,140
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An Efficient Exact Algorithm for the Motif Stem Search Problem over Large Alphabets.
|
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in planted (l, d) motif search (PMS) with applications to discovering significant segments in biological sequences. However, there has been little discussion about PMS over large alphabets. This paper focuses on motif stem search (MSS), which is recently introduced to search motifs on large-alphabet inputs. A motif stem is an l-length string with some wildcards. The goal of the MSS problem is to find a set of stems that represents a superset of all (l , d) motifs present in the input sequences, and the superset is expected to be as small as possible. The three main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) We build motif stem representation more precisely by using regular expressions. (2) We give a method for generating all possible motif stems without redundant wildcards. (3) We propose an efficient exact algorithm, called StemFinder, for solving the MSS problem. Compared with the previous MSS algorithms, StemFinder runs much faster and reports fewer stems which represent a smaller superset of all (l, d) motifs. StemFinder is freely available at http://sites.google.com/site/feqond/stemfinder.
|
['Algorithms', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein']
| 26,357,225
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.399.750'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.393.760.705']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of Behavioral and Susceptibility Patterns in Premenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Case Control Study.
|
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major source of morbidity and healthcare costs. Risk factors associated with recurrence rates in premenopausal women can be attributed to patient lifestyle behavior. The aim of this study was to assess hygienic risk factors, determine pathogen distribution, and susceptibility patterns in premenopausal women with recurrent UTI. This was case-control study in which a face-to-face interview was conducted to obtain information from premenopausal women with recurrent UTI. Microbiology cultures and susceptibility results were obtained to analyze pathogen distribution and resistance. In this study, 214 cases and 230 controls were compared and the following practices were associated with increased risk of recurrent UTI in multivariable analysis: washing genitals from back to front (OR 1.64 [95% CI 1.05-2.56]), not voiding within 15 min after intercourse (OR 2.81 [95% CI 1.72-4.66]), not drinking water after intercourse (OR 1.69 [95% CI 1.12-2.58]), using any soap to clean after urination (OR 2.11 [95% CI 1.42-3.17]). Escherichia coli were the most prevalent pathogens isolated (66.4%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%), and Proteus spp., (6.6%). This study identified several modifiable sexual and hygienic practices associated with recurrent UTI in premenopausal women. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is important to overcome resistance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Middle Aged', 'Premenopause', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Young Adult']
| 29,241,191
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.547', 'N06.850.670'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses.
|
Studies in conscious and anaesthetised ponies demonstrated that starvation, anaesthesia and changes in body position influence the radiographic appearance of the lungs in the lateral and dorsoventral views. Radiographic appearances could not be closely correlated with blood gas values, but they suggested that the volume of the lowermost lung of the laterally recumbent animal is greatly reduced.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chloral Hydrate', 'Halothane', 'Horses', 'Lung', 'Oxygen', 'Posture', 'Radiography', 'Respiration', 'Starvation']
| 428,360
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
South-South cross-border patient travel to South Africa.
|
This paper explores intra-regional South-South cross-border patient travel within the context of Southern Africa. South Africa, in particular, has been widely touted as one of the emerging destinations of high-end patients from the Global North alongside other destinations such as Brazil, India, Costa Rica and Thailand. Using South Africa as a case study, the paper demonstrates that South-South cross-border patient travel is far more significant than North-South patient travel both in numerical and financial terms. Every year, thousands of patients from neighbouring countries travel to South Africa in search of medical treatment for procedures that are not offered in their own countries. Despite its size and importance, the South-South flow of patients in Southern Africa is not fully understood and requires further scholarly research.
|
['Emigration and Immigration', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Medical Tourism', 'South Africa']
| 29,235,417
|
[['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N05.300.515'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Songs as an aid for language acquisition.
|
In previous research, Saffran and colleagues [Saffran, J. R., Aslin, R. N., & Newport, E. L. (1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science, 274, 1926-1928; Saffran, J. R., Newport, E. L., & Aslin, R. N. (1996). Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 606-621.] have shown that adults and infants can use the statistical properties of syllable sequences to extract words from continuous speech. They also showed that a similar learning mechanism operates with musical stimuli [Saffran, J. R., Johnson, R. E. K., Aslin, N., & Newport, E. L. (1999). Abstract Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults. Cognition, 70, 27-52.]. In this work we combined linguistic and musical information and we compared language learning based on speech sequences to language learning based on sung sequences. We hypothesized that, compared to speech sequences, a consistent mapping of linguistic and musical information would enhance learning. Results confirmed the hypothesis showing a strong learning facilitation of song compared to speech. Most importantly, the present results show that learning a new language, especially in the first learning phase wherein one needs to segment new words, may largely benefit of the motivational and structuring properties of music in song.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Music']
| 17,475,231
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['K01.602']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of the menstrual cycle on sympathetic neural responses to mental stress in humans.
|
The influence of the menstrual cycle on resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) remains controversial, and the effect of the menstrual cycle on MSNA responses to mental stress is unknown. We examined MSNA, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) responses to mental stress (via mental arithmetic) in 11 healthy females during the early follicular (EF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle did not alter resting MSNA (EF, 13 +/- 3 bursts min(-1) versus ML, 13 +/- 2 bursts min(-1)), MAP (EF, 79 +/- 3 mmHg versus ML, 81 +/- 2 mmHg) and HR (EF, 66 +/- 3 beats min(-1) versus ML, 64 +/- 2 beats min(-1)). 5 min of mental stress increased MSNA, MAP and HR during both the EF (delta 4 +/- 2 bursts min(-1), delta 12 +/- 2 mmHg, delta 18 +/- 2 beats min(-1); P < 0.05) and ML (delta 4 +/- 2 bursts min(-1), delta 13 +/- 3 mmHg and delta 20 +/- 2 beats min(-1); P < 0.05) phases. These responses were not different between phases. In contrast, MSNA responses were different between phases during the 10 min recovery from mental stress. MSNA remained elevated during the initial 5 min of recovery in both the EF (delta 6 +/- 1 bursts min(-1); P < 0.01) and ML (delta 7 +/- 1 bursts min(-1); P < 0.01) phases, but only remained elevated during the ML phase (delta 6 +/- 1 bursts min(-1); P < 0.01) during the final 5 min of recovery. Our results demonstrate that MSNA, MAP and HR responses at rest or during mental stress are not different during the EF and ML phases of the menstrual cycle in young, healthy females. However, MSNA activation during recovery from mental stress is prolonged during the ML phase compared to the EF phase.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicular Phase', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Luteal Phase', 'Progesterone', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 17,932,154
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.605.310'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sarm1/Myd88-5 Regulates Neuronal Intrinsic Immune Response to Traumatic Axonal Injuries.
|
Traumatic injuries can trigger inflammatory reactions, leading to profound neuropathological consequences. However, the immune capacity of neurons, distinct from that of immune cells or glial cells, in response to traumatic insults remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that neurons can detect, cell autonomously, distant axonal damage, resulting in rapid production of a specific collection of cytokines and chemokines. This neuronal immune response appears spatially and temporally separated from injury-induced axon degeneration. We then identify through the genetic screen that this immune response is regulated by TIR-domain adaptor Sarm1/Myd88-5. We further show that Sarm1 functions through the downstream Jnk-c-Jun signal, and blockage of this Sarm1-Jnk-c-Jun pathway effectively abolishes the recruitment of immune cells to injury-afflicted neural tissues. We therefore uncover the key function of the Sarm1 signaling pathway, independent of its known role in axon degeneration, in the neuronal intrinsic immune response to traumatic axonal injuries.
|
['Animals', 'Armadillo Domain Proteins', 'Axons', 'Chemokines', 'Cytokines', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'Neurons', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Signal Transduction']
| 29,669,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.091'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Least squares acceleration filtering for the estimation of signal derivatives and sharpness at extrema.
|
A family of finite impulse-response (FIR) filters is derived which estimate the second derivative or "acceleration" of a digitized signal. The acceleration is obtained from parabolas that are continuously fit to the signal using a least squares optimization criterion. A closed-form solution for the filter coefficients is obtained. The general approach is computationally simple, can be performed in real-time, and is robust in the presence of noise. An important application of the method, that of measuring sharpness in biologic signals, is presented using the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (EKG) signals as examples. Furthermore, the design method is extended to derive FIR filters for estimating derivatives of arbitrary order in digital signals of biologic or other origins.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Humans', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 10,431,462
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer requires one or more tissue-specific factors.
|
Enhancer sequences are regulatory regions that greatly increase transcription of certain eukaryotic genes. An immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene segment is moved from a region lacking enhancer activity to a position adjacent to the known heavy-chain enhancer early in B-cell maturation. In lymphoid cells, the heavy-chain and SV40 enhancers bind a common factor essential for enhancer function. In contrast, fibroblast cells contain a functionally distinct factor that is used by the SV40 but not by the heavy-chain enhancer. The existence of different factors in these cells may explain the previously described lymphoid cell specificity of the heavy-chain enhancer.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Fibroblasts', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Constant Regions', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Variable Region', 'Mice', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 3,917,575
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.538', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797', 'G02.111.570.060.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physicochemical characterization and release mechanism of a novel prednisone biodegradable microsphere formulation.
|
The aim of this work was the characterization of a new formulation of prednisone long-term controlled release biodegradable microspheres. Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers were used for MS preparation. A S/O/W solvent evaporation method was employed for prednisone entrapment. The system was characterized by using UV spectrophotometry, particle sizing, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X rays diffractometry, and microRaman spectroscopy. The release mechanism was studied by fitting Weibull, Peppas, Higuchi, and zero order kinetic models. The microspheres (MS) showed a good encapsulation efficiency and morphology, a suitable size and long-term release profile. Burst release was seen to depend on crystalline prednisone distributing close to the MS surface, and no particular prednisone-polymer interaction occurred. Weibull and Peppas were the best fitting models. Prednisone was released from PLGA MS following a Fickian diffusion and case II transport for higher molecular weight (MW) polymers, and a more complex mechanism involving solubilization, diffusion, and erosion, for low MW PLGA. Fully characterized PLGA MS may represent a good tool for a long-term delivery of prednisone in low-dose regimen treatments.
|
['Algorithms', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Drug Compounding', 'Excipients', 'Lactic Acid', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microspheres', 'Models, Chemical', 'Particle Size', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer', 'Polymers', 'Prednisone', 'Solubility', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 17,721,943
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['G02'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.916.270'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E07.565'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['D02.241.511.459.450.500', 'D05.750.728.780.500', 'D25.720.728.780.500', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780.500'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['G02.805'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tubularized incised plate hypospadias reoperation.
|
PURPOSE: We report our updated experience with tubularized incised plate hypospadias reoperations in a series of patients of whom the majority had undergone prior urethral plate incision.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 31 consecutive patients undergoing tubularized incised plate reoperation were reviewed. The decision for this repair was based on a preserved urethral plate that appeared supple despite prior surgery.RESULTS: Of the 31 patients the mean number of prior operations was 1.1, including 18 (58%) who had undergone primary repairs that involved midline plate incision. Overall, 28 (90%) patients had a successful outcome with a functional neourethra and vertical slit meatus. Complications occurred in 7 (23%) patients, consisting mostly of fistulas. Among 27 cases in which dartos was used as a barrier layer fistulas occurred in 1 (6%) of 18 when a ventral flap was placed over the neourethra versus 3 (33%) of 9 when adjacent tissues alongside the neourethra were approximated in the midline (p = 0.055). The rate of complications was not affected by history of urethral plate incision. In 3 patients partial or complete glans dehiscence or a large fistula occurred, and 2 subsequently required staged buccal graft urethroplasty.CONCLUSIONS: Tubularized incised plate reoperation results in a functional neourethra with a vertical slit meatus when the plate has been preserved and appears supple after prior surgery. Fistulas are less likely when a flap is interposed between the neourethra and skin. Complications are low despite previous urethral plate incision if there is no apparent scarring of the plate. An alternative technique for reoperative urethroplasty should be considered if the urethral plate has been excised or is grossly scarred.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Hypospadias', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Reoperation', 'Urethra', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male']
| 15,126,861
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494.400', 'C12.706.516', 'C13.351.875.466', 'C16.131.939.516'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E04.690'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['E04.950.774.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of gait after Syme and transtibial amputation in children: factors that may play a role in function.
|
BACKGROUND: Preservation of maximal limb length during amputation is often recommended to maximize the efficiency and symmetry of gait. The goals of this study were to determine (1) whether there are gait differences between children with a Syme (or Boyd) amputation and those with a transtibial-level amputation, and (2) whether the type of prosthetic foot affects gait and PODCI (Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument) outcomes.METHODS: Sixty-four patients (age range, 4.7 to 19.2 years) with unilateral below-the-knee prosthesis use (forty-one in the Syme group and twenty-three in the transtibial group) underwent gait analysis and review of data for the involved limb. The twelve prosthetic foot types were categorized as designed for a high, medium, or low activity level (e.g., Flex foot, dynamic response foot, or SACH). Statistical analyses were conducted.RESULTS: Kinematic differences of <4° in total prosthetic ankle motion and 8° in external hip rotation were seen between the Syme and transtibial groups. Ankle power was greater in the transtibial group, whereas the Syme group had greater coronal-plane hip power (p < 0.05). Prosthetic ankle motion was significantly greater in the high compared with the medium and low-performance feet. However, the PODCI happiness score was higher in patients with low compared with medium-performance feet (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Small differences in prosthetic ankle motion and power were found between children with Syme and transtibial amputations. Ankle motion was greater in patients using high-performance feet (9% of the total cohort) compared with medium-performance (59%) and low-performance (31%) feet. Despite the increased ankle motion achieved with high-performance dynamic feet, this advantage was not reflected in peak power of the prosthetic ankle or the PODCI sports/physical functioning subscale.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Amputation', 'Artificial Limbs', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Tibia', 'Young Adult']
| 25,274,789
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E04.555.080'], ['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Binding of molecules to DNA and other semiflexible polymers.
|
A theory is presented for the binding of small molecules such as surfactants to semiflexible polymers. The persistence length is assumed to be large compared to the monomer size but much smaller than the total chain length. Such polymers (e.g., DNA) represent an intermediate case between flexible polymers and stiff, rodlike ones, whose association with small molecules was previously studied. The chains are not flexible enough to actively participate in the self-assembly, yet their fluctuations induce long-range attractive interactions between bound molecules. In cases where the binding significantly affects the local chain stiffness, those interactions lead to a very sharp, cooperative association. This scenario is of relevance to the association of DNA with surfactants and compact proteins such as RecA. External tension exerted on the chain is found to significantly modify the binding by suppressing the fluctuation-induced interaction.
|
['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'DNA', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Models, Chemical', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 11,088,368
|
[['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.224.680'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rac1 inhibits apoptosis in human lymphoma cells by stimulating Bad phosphorylation on Ser-75.
|
The small GTPase Rac1 has emerged as an important regulator of cell survival and apoptosis, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this report, constitutively active Rac1 is shown to stimulate the phosphorylation of the Bcl-2 family member Bad, thereby suppressing drug-induced caspase activation and apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. Rac1 activation leads to human Bad phosphorylation specifically at serine-75 (corresponding to murine serine-112) both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of constitutive and activated Rac1-induced Bad phosphorylation by a cell-permeable competitive peptide inhibitor representing this Bad phosphorylation site sensitizes lymphoma cells to drug-induced apoptosis. The data show further that endogenous protein kinase A is a primary catalyst of cellular Bad phosphorylation in response to Rac activation, while Akt is not involved. These findings define a mechanism by which active Rac1 promotes lymphoma cell survival and inhibits apoptosis in response to cancer chemotherapy drugs.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Caspases', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Etoposide', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma', 'Mice', 'Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Serine', 'Signal Transduction', 'bcl-Associated Death Protein', 'rac1 GTP-Binding Protein']
| 15,226,424
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.675'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.100', 'D12.776.476.075.718.100', 'D12.776.744.049'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.100.500', 'D12.644.360.525.700.100.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.100.100', 'D12.776.476.525.700.100.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization and adsorption capacity of potassium permanganate used to modify activated carbon filter media for indoor formaldehyde removal.
|
This study examined the effect of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)-modified activated carbon for formaldehyde removal under different face velocities and different initial formaldehyde concentrations in building environment. We chose the coconut shell activated carbon due to their high density and purity. Moreover, they have a clear environmental advantage over coal-based carbons, particularly in terms of acidification potential. The chemical properties were characterized by FTIR to show the functional groups, EDS to calculate each component of their energy bands to know how the ratio is. Also, the morphology of the surface was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET determines specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume. It was found that where the initial formaldehyde concentration and the face velocity are low, adsorption capacity is high. The adsorption isotherms of formaldehyde on modified activated carbon are well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameter for the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion model was compared. The correlation coefficient of pseudo-second-order kinetic model (0.999 > R2 > 0.9548) is higher than the coefficient of pseudo-first-order kinetic model (0.5785 < R2 < 0.8755) and intraparticle diffusion model (0.9752 < R2 < 0.9898). Thus, pseudo-second-order kinetic model is more apposite to discuss the adsorption kinetic in this test, and the overall rate of the modified activated carbon adsorption process appears to be influenced by more than one step that is both the intraparticle diffusion model and membrane diffusion.
|
['Adsorption', 'Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution, Indoor', 'Charcoal', 'Cocos', 'Diffusion', 'Formaldehyde', 'Kinetics', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Models, Chemical', 'Potassium Permanganate', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Surface Properties']
| 30,091,073
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100.080'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.093.211'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D02.047.407'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D01.530.700', 'D01.745.750'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid malignancies.
|
In a 17-year period 1848 patients with hyperthyroidism were operated on. Fourteen (0.76%) had a coexisting thyroid malignancy. Preoperative scintiscan and pathologic diagnoses were compared: 10 malignancies were in cold nodules, two were unidentifiable preoperatively due to small size, and two were in hot areas. Five patients had papillary cancer, four follicular, three anaplastic, and two medullary. Patients with uninodular toxic goiter had a low rate of associated malignancy (0.27%, 3/1108). In contrast, patients with multinodular toxic goiter had an incidence of 1.63% (11/676). No patient with Graves' disease (n = 64) had a carcinoma. Extensive use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy enabled preoperative diagnosis in a majority of the cases (9/14, 64%). We conclude that the incidence of coexisting thyroid malignancy and hyperthyroidism is rare in our endemic iodine-deficiency goiter area.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Female', 'Goiter, Endemic', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 2,740,989
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C19.874.283.300'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pigeons learn signal-food intervals independently in a multiple peak procedure.
|
Previous research has shown rapid learning of multiple temporal relations between signals and food by pigeons when these relations are changed unpredictably each session (Kyonka & Grace, 2007). The goal of the present study was to test whether contextual temporal cues-that is, an alternative signal-food delay that was a valid predictor of a target signal-food delay-facilitated acquisition by the target contingency. Four pigeons responded in a multiple peak-interval procedure in which red and green keys signaled separate fixed-interval (FI) schedules with occasional extinction probes (peak trials). The schedule parameters of the FIs either summed to 30 s (correlated condition; ñ = -1.0) or were not restricted to sum to 30 s (uncorrelated condition; ñ = 0.0). Comparing stop times obtained from peak trials in the 2 conditions revealed no effect of context: Temporal control of responding was acquired at the same rate and with the same precision regardless of whether the schedule values were correlated. These results suggest that pigeons learn about multiple signal-food delays independently.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Columbidae', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Cues', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Food', 'Male', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reinforcement Schedule']
| 24,364,669
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F02.463.425.770.644']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital unit as a sensitive means of defining antimicrobial resistance problems.
|
An annual summary of susceptibility patterns for the predominant clinical isolates from hospitalized patients can be of considerable assistance in selecting antimicrobial agents for sepsis of unclear etiology, as well as for guiding empiric therapy for other serious infections. Yearly summaries of the susceptibility patterns of the predominant clinical isolates from all patients hospitalized at Vanderbilt University Hospital (VUH) from July 1987 through June 1991 revealed only minor differences over time in susceptibility patterns. However, the clinical impression of physicians treating patients in various intensive care units (ICUs) was that there were serious resistance problems in some units. To better define the prevalence of clinical isolates and their susceptibility patterns for patients within ICUs at VUH, we utilized a "focused microbiologic surveillance" technique that addressed each unit separately. Both the predominant clinical isolates and their susceptibility patterns were determined and compared with those from the hospital as a whole. Because susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates by site of infection within these units were considered important, we also reviewed the summaries of susceptibility patterns for blood, sputum, and urine isolates from patients in ICUs and compared these with the summaries from each ICU and from the hospital. No major resistance problems were identified on a hospital-wide basis. In contrast, focused microbiologic surveillance by specific hospital ICU revealed important differences in the prevalence of pathogens among units and at different times. In 1987, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the single most common Gram-negative organism isolated in the neonatal unit, while Acinetobacter spp. were rarely isolated. By 1991, this trend was completely reversed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Blood', 'Cross Infection', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'Hospital Units', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Sputum', 'Tennessee', 'Time Factors', 'Urine']
| 1,737,438
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['N02.278.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['A12.200.808'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A12.207.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Early alterations in heart gene expression profiles associated with doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats.
|
PURPOSE: The antineoplastic anthracycline doxorubicin can induce a dose-dependent cardiomyopathy that limits the total cumulative dose prescribed to cancer patients. In both preclinical and clinical studies, pretreatment with dexrazoxane, an intracellular iron chelator, partially protects against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. To identify potential additional cardioprotective treatment strategies, we investigated early doxorubicin-induced changes in cardiac gene expression.METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive male rats (n = 47) received weekly intravenous injections of doxorubicin (3 mg/kg) or saline 30 min after pretreatment with dexrazoxane (50 mg/kg) or saline by intraperitoneal injection. Cardiac samples were analyzed 24 h after the first (n = 20), second (n = 13), or third (n = 14) intravenous injection on days 1, 8, or 15 of the study, respectively.RESULTS: Rats receiving three doses of doxorubicin had minimal myocardial alterations that were attenuated by dexrazoxane. Cardiac expression levels of genes associated with the Nrf2-mediated stress response were increased after a single dose of doxorubicin, but not affected by cardioprotectant pretreatment. In contrast, an early repressive effect of doxorubicin on transcript levels of genes associated with mitochondrial function was attenuated by dexrazoxane pretreatment. Dexrazoxane had little effect on gene expression by itself.CONCLUSIONS: Genomic analysis provided further evidence that mitochondria are the primary target of doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage that leads to cardiomyopathy and the primary site of cardioprotective action by dexrazoxane. Additional strategies that prevent the formation of oxygen radicals by doxorubicin in mitochondria may provide increased cardioprotection.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Doxorubicin', 'GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Heart Diseases', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Razoxane', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Troponin T']
| 19,915,844
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D12.776.260.615.249', 'D12.776.930.618.249'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['C14.280'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['D03.383.606.385.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of colistin exposure on calcium homeostasis and mitochondria functions in chick cortex neurons.
|
The study investigated the effect of colistin exposure on calcium homeostasis and mitochondria functions in neurons. We used an in vitro drug model to induce neurotoxicity that closely mimic the in vivo condition by exposing primary cultures of chick cortex neurons to different concentrations of 0, 0.83, 4.15 and 8.3 ìg/mL colistin. The cell activity was determined by methods of MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release at 24 h post-beginning. The membrane potential (ÄØm) and ultrastructure of mitochondrial were assessed. The calcium ion concentration within neurons ([Ca(2+)]i) was detected using the Fura3/AM as the probe and expression level of intracellular calmodulin (CaM) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that, in the 4.15 and 8.3 ìg/mL colistin groups, the functions of mitochondria altered, the ÄØm was significantly decreased and the mitochondrial cristae was swollen and even vacuolar degeneration in mitochondria occurred. Moreover, the expression level of colistin could decrease CaM mRNA, and increase free calcium concentration. The present work revealed that colistin-induced mitochondria dysfunction and calcium homeostasis disequilibrium, providing new insight into the toxicological mechanism of colistin in neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Chick Embryo', 'Colistin', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Homeostasis', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mitochondria', 'Neurons', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 23,193,994
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.346'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D04.345.566.780.110', 'D10.477.750.110', 'D12.644.050.600.110', 'D12.644.641.780.110', 'D12.776.543.695.054.600.110'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G07.410'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optogenetic induction of aversive taste memory.
|
The Drosophila melanogaster gustatory system consists of several neuronal pathways representing diverse taste modalities. The two predominant modalities are a sweet-sensing pathway that mediates attraction, and a bitter-sensing pathway that mediates avoidance. A central question is how flies integrate stimuli from these pathways and generate the appropriate behavioral response. We have developed a novel assay for induction of taste memories. We demonstrate that the gustatory response to fructose is suppressed when followed by the presence of bitter quinine. We employ optogenetic neural activation using infrared laser in combination with heat-sensitive channel - TRPA1 to precisely activate gustatory neurons. This optogenetic system allows for spatially and temporally controlled activation of distinct neural classes in the gustatory circuit. We directly activated bitter-sensing neurons together with presentation of fructose for remote induction of aversive taste memories. Here we report that activation of bitter-sensing neurons in the proboscis suffices as a conditioning stimulus. Spatially restricted stimulation indicates that the conditioning stimulus is indeed a signal from the bitter neurons in the proboscis and it is independent of postingestive feedback. The coincidence of temporally specific activation of bitter-sensing neurons with fructose presentation is crucial for memory formation, establishing aversive taste learning in Drosophila as associative learning. Taken together, this optogenetic system provides a powerful new tool for interrogation of the central brain circuits that mediate memory formation.
|
['Animals', 'Association Learning', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Female', 'Infrared Rays', 'Ion Channels', 'Memory', 'Neural Pathways', 'Quinine', 'TRPA1 Cation Channel', 'TRPC Cation Channels', 'Taste']
| 22,820,051
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['A08.612'], ['D03.132.206.719', 'D03.605.687.762', 'D03.633.100.810.762'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.901.250', 'D12.776.543.585.400.901.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.901.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.901.500'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Platelet-activating factor mediates the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage in guinea pigs.
|
In the present study, we asked whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage. To answer this question, we examined the effect of a PAF receptor antagonist on the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage quantified by the extravasation of Evans blue dye in the guinea pig trachea and main bronchi. Guinea pigs were pretreated with the PAF receptor antagonist, E6123 ((S)-(+)-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropane-carbonyl-8,11-dimethyl-2,3,4, 5- tetrahydro-8H-pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2- f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine) (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg i.v.) and then exposed to 3 ppm ozone for 30 min. The PAF receptor antagonist significantly reduced the ozone-induced increase in microvascular leakage in a dose-dependent manner in both the trachea and main bronchi. Our results indicate that PAF mediates the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage. We therefore suggest that PAF may be involved in ozone-induced airway inflammation.
|
['Animals', 'Azepines', 'Bronchi', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Ozone', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Respiratory System', 'Trachea', 'Triazoles']
| 7,796,863
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.066'], ['A04.411.125'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['D23.469'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['G09.772'], ['A04'], ['A04.889'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lacrimation induced by thermal stress in patients with a facial nerve lesion.
|
I measured facial sweating, flushing, and lacrimation during body heating in 10 patients with a facial nerve lesion compromising parasympathetic outflow. During heating, moisture accumulated in the symptomatic eye of patients with facial nerve palsy, particularly in patients with a long-standing lesion. Sweating and flushing in the forehead were symmetrical. These findings suggest that sympathetic neural discharge during heat stress influences lacrimation in the symptomatic eye of patients with a long-standing facial nerve lesion. Cross-innervation of lacrimal neurons by sympathetic fibers passing through the sphenopalatine ganglion or occupation of degenerated parasympathetic pathways by sympathetic fibers in the periphery could mediate this response.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Facial Paralysis', 'Female', 'Flushing', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parasympathetic Nervous System', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Sweating', 'Tears']
| 7,783,873
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C07.465.327', 'C10.597.622.214', 'C23.888.592.636.214'], ['C23.888.885.344'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.050.600'], ['G07.775'], ['G07.110.232.693', 'G07.410.421.693', 'G13.750.860', 'G16.012.500.535.693'], ['A12.200.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
One-stage reconstruction of war wounds with free osteocutaneous flaps.
|
Thirty-one patients with traumatic osteocutaneous defects of the extremities sustained during the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were treated at the Institute of Plastic-Reconstructive and Breast Surgery in Zagreb. Injuries were categorised using the Mangled Extremity Syndrome Index (MESI). The average length of bone defect was 5.9 cm (range 4-12 cm). Patients were divided in two groups according to the time they had reconstruction with a free osteocutaneous flap: group 1, within 6 days after injury, and group 2, after more than 6 days. The mean time to reconstruction in group 2 was 5.2 weeks. Average time to solid bone union was 13.3 weeks in group 1 and 16.6 weeks in group 2. Functional outcome was better in group 1 with fewer complications, smaller number of operations and shorter hospital stay. One-stage reconstruction of osteocutaneous defects with free composite flaps provides reliable treatment solution with good functional outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Arm Injuries', 'Blast Injuries', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Croatia', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Leg Injuries', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Warfare', 'Wounds and Injuries', 'Wounds, Penetrating']
| 9,135,423
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.088'], ['C26.120.126'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['Z01.542.248.160'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['I01.880.735.950.500'], ['C26'], ['C26.986']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Experimental electron density study of tetrakis-mu-(acetylsalicylate)dicopper(II): a polymeric structure with Cu...Cu short contacts.
|
The electron density, its topological features, and the electrostatic potential of tetrakis-mu-(acetylsalicylate)dicopper(II), Cu[C(9)H(7)O(4)](2), have been derived from an accurate high-resolution diffraction experiment at 100 K. This complex exhibits a polymeric structure involving one acetyl oxygen atom as a bridge in the solid state. Only van der Waals interactions between the polymeric chains are observed. The copper cation is octahedrally coordinated with five oxygen atoms of the aspirinate ligands and one adjacent Cu with short Cu...Cu contact distances in the range of 2.6054(1) A. The Cu-O bond lengths are equal to 1.96 A except the apical one which is 2.2183(7) A. The multipole refinements were carried out using the Hansen-Coppens model coded in the MOPRO computer program. Starting from the 3d(10)4s(1) copper electron configuration, the electron density analysis and Cu d-orbital populations reveal that the observed configuration is close to being [Ar]3d(9)4s(1). As expected from the ligand field theory, the most depopulated 3d-orbital is the d(x(2)-y(2)) (1.17 e) one with lobes pointing toward the carboxylic oxygen atoms. Conversely, the d(z(2)) is the most populated orbital for a z-axis directed along the Cu...Cu bond. The atomic charges were derived from a kappa-refinement and yielded a metal net charge of +1.20(3) e. Deficits of +0.72(6) and +0.59(7) e are obtained for the acetyl carbon atoms of the aspirinate ligands, those involved in the drug activity of aspirin. Comparisons are made to the results of our previous work on the zinc-aspirinate complex.
|
['Aspirin', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Copper', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Polymers', 'Quantum Theory']
| 20,565,050
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Macroscopic haemoglobinuria associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection successfully treated by clarithromycin.
|
A 25-year-old man developed macroscopic haemoglobinuria after a persistent dry cough. Although chest radiograph findings were normal, since the serum antibody for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was significantly elevated, a diagnosis infection with this organism was made. Despite the absence of apparent anaemia, a marked increase in serum haemolytic markers and positive result for urine haemoglobin indicated the haemolysis of red blood cells, which was likely to have occurred secondarily to M. pneumoniae infection. Shortly after the initiation of a macrolide antibiotic, clarithromycin, the patient's haemoglobinuria completely disappeared together with a complete resolution of his respiratory symptoms. In this case, due to the lymphocyte-stimulatory nature of M. pneumoniae, an enhanced immune response, such as the production of cold agglutinins, was likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of erythrocyte haemolysis. The immunomodulatory property of clarithromycin was thought to repress the increased immunological reaction and thus enable the resolution of the urine abnormality.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Clarithromycin', 'Cryoglobulins', 'Hemoglobinuria', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,819,056
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D23.101'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.900.225', 'D12.776.124.790.651.900.225', 'D12.776.377.715.548.900.225'], ['C12.777.934.734.634', 'C13.351.968.934.734.634', 'C23.888.942.750.634'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence in ethylene oxide production workers.
|
Ethylene oxide, important as an intermediate product in the chemical industry and for sterilising hospital equipment, is mutagenic in several organisms; carcinogenicity has been suspected although this had not been supported by clinical data. Ethylene oxide has been produced by a Swedish company since the beginning of the 1940s. This paper describes a cohort study of the mortality and the cancer incidence among full-time exposed workers in ethylene oxide production, a group of maintenance workers with intermittent exposure and a group of unexposed controls. Investigation of the production processes in the building at different times has shown that workers were exposed to ethylene dichloride, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene, and small amounts of bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether as well as to ethylene oxide and traces of other chemicals. The full-time exposed cohort shows a considerable excess mortality deriving mainly from increased mortality from tumours and also from diseases of the circulatory system. The cancer incidence study, including living persons with malignancies, showed a significant excess in the full-time cohort. Of the 16 patients with tumours in the two more exposed cohorts there were three cases of leukaemia, six of tumours in the alimentary tract and four of urogenital malignancy. The excess mortality and cancer incidence cannot be attributed to any particular chemical in the production process, but ethylene oxide and ethylene dichloride are the prime suspects.
|
['Chemical Industry', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Ethylene Chlorohydrin', 'Ethylene Dichlorides', 'Ethylene Oxide', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Neoplasms', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Sweden']
| 508,639
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ontogeny of floral organs in flax (Linum usitatissimum; Linaceae).
|
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is an important crop worldwide; however, a detailed study on flower development of this species is lacking. Here we describe the pattern of initiation and a program of key developmental events in flax flower ontogeny. This study provides important fundamental information for future research in various aspects of flax biology and biotechnology.METHODS: Floral buds and organs were measured throughout development and examined using scanning electron microscopy.KEY RESULTS: Floral organs were initiated in the following sequence: sepals, stamens and petals, gynoecium, and nectaries. The five sepals originated in a helical pattern, followed evidently by simultaneous initiation of five stamens and five petals, the former opposite of the sepals and the latter alternate to them. The gynoecium, with five carpels, was produced from the remaining, central region of the floral apex. Stamens at early stages were dominated by anther growth but filaments elongated rapidly shortly before anthesis. Early gynoecium development occurred predominantly in the ovary, and ovule initiation began prior to enclosure of carpels. A characteristic feature was the twisted growth of styles, accompanied by the differentiation of papillate stigmas. Petal growth lagged behind that of other floral organs, but petals eventually grew rapidly to enclose the inner whorls after style elongation. Flask-shaped nectaries bearing stomata developed on the external surface of the filament bases.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first detailed study on flax floral organ development and has established a key of 12 developmental stages, which should be useful to flax researchers.
|
['Flax', 'Flowers', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Organ Specificity']
| 21,730,334
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.620.500'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['G07.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glucotoxic conditions induce endoplasmic reticulum stress to cause caspase 3 mediated lamin B degradation in pancreatic â-cells: protection by nifedipine.
|
Nuclear lamins form the lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope, and are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including DNA replication and chromatin organization. Despite this evidence, little is known about potential alterations in nuclear metabolism, specifically lamin structure and integrity in isolated â-cells subjected to stress conditions, including chronic exposure to hyperglycemia (i.e., glucotoxicity). Herein, we investigated effects of glucotoxic conditions on the catalytic activation of caspase 3 and the associated degradation of one of its substrate proteins, namely lamin-B. We report that incubation of insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 cells, normal rat islets or human islets under glucotoxic conditions (20 mM; 12-48 h) results in the degradation of native lamin B leading to accumulation of the degraded products in non-relevant cellular compartments, including cytosol. Moreover, the effects of high glucose on caspase 3 activation and lamin B degradation were mimicked by thapsigargin, a known inducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Nifedipine, a known blocker of calcium channel activation, inhibited high glucose-induced caspase 3 activation and lamin B degradation in these cells. 4-Phenyl butyric acid, a known inhibitor of ER stress, markedly attenuated glucose-induced CHOP expression (ER stress marker), caspase 3 activation and lamin B degradation. We conclude that glucotoxic conditions promote caspase 3 activation and lamin B degradation, which may, in part, be due to increased ER stress under these conditions. We also provide further evidence to support beneficial effects of calcium channel blockers against metabolic dysfunction of the islet â-cell induced by hyperglycemic conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Caspase 3', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytosol', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Lamin Type B', 'Male', 'Nifedipine', 'Phenylbutyrates', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thapsigargin', 'Transcription Factor CHOP']
| 23,994,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G04.434'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['D12.776.660.650.875.750'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D02.241.223.651'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.875', 'D12.776.660.167.875', 'D12.776.930.127.124.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute kidney injury in older adults.
|
Aging kidneys undergo structural and functional changes that decrease autoregulatory capacity and increase susceptibility to acute injury. Acute kidney injury associates with duration and location of hospitalization, mortality risk, progression to chronic kidney disease, and functional status in daily living. Definition and diagnosis of acute kidney injury are based on changes in creatinine, which is an inadequate marker and might identify patients when it is too late. The incidence of acute kidney injury is rising and increases with advancing age, yet clinical studies have been slow to address geriatric issues or the heterogeneity in etiologies, outcomes, or patient preferences among the elderly. Here we examine some of the current literature, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research questions regarding acute kidney injury in older adults. Answering these questions will facilitate the integration of geriatric issues into future mechanistic and clinical studies that affect management and care of acute kidney injury.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Biomarkers', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,209,252
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D23.101'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors influencing smoking behavior in Hong Kong primary schoolchildren: targets for prevention.
|
The uptake of smoking by children and factors influencing such behavior, although well documented in the West, have not been studied in the Asia-Pacific region. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 3,521 children, aged 8-11 years living in two districts of Hong Kong. Knowledge, attitude and behavior related to smoking and sociodemographic data were obtained from questionnaires completed by parents and children. Eleven percent of boys and 5 percent of girls were ever-smokers, 5 percent of all eight-year-olds and 21 percent of 11-year-olds. Believing that parents will not interfere with their smoking (adjusted odds ratio 5.52; 95% confidence interval 2.72, 11.18), living with family members who smoke (1.72; 1.33, 2.23), and having a positive attitude to smoking (4.13; 1.43, 11.98) were factors predictive of ever-smokers. Experimentation with smoking is a major health risk for primary school children in Hong Kong and indicates failure of current smoking prevention programs. Effective culture-specific programs to counteract risk factors and with continuing evaluation are urgently needed; they should be based on information from appropriately-designed epidemiological studies.
|
['Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,037,806
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Rheumatic manifestations and dental foci: a review of the cases in 12 years of activity in a pediatrics division].
|
By examining 8244 clinical records, in a period of 12 years of paediatric activity, the authors point out the connection between dental caries and rheumatic fever. They suggest fluoride supplementation since the early age, in countries where the fluoride is lack in drink able-water.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dental Caries', 'Fluoridation', 'Hospital Departments', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Italy', 'Pediatrics', 'Rheumatic Fever']
| 8,415,180
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.761.382', 'N06.890.235'], ['N02.278.216.500.968', 'N04.452.442.452.422'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['H02.403.670'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731', 'C05.550.114.843', 'C05.799.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Locating a site on the maize B chromosome that controls preferential fertilization.
|
In maize, the B chromosome can undergo nondisjunction at the second pollen mitosis, producing sperm with two B chromosomes and sperm with zero B chromosomes. Preferential fertilization is the ability of the sperm carrying two B chromosomes to transmit more frequently to the embryo of a kernel than the sperm lacking the B chromosome. A translocation involving the B chromosome and chromosome 9, TB-9Sb, has been used to study preferential fertilization. The B-9 chromosome has the same properties of nondisjunction and preferential fertilization as the standard B chromosome. Deletion derivatives of B-9, which lack the centric heterochromatin and possibly some adjacent euchromatin, were tested for their ability to induce preferential fertilization. They were found to lack the capacity for preferential fertilization.
|
['Chromosomal Instability', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Plant', 'Fertilization', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Zea mays']
| 17,632,579
|
[['C23.550.210.110', 'C23.550.362.180', 'G05.365.590.175.165', 'G05.370.180'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.560', 'A18.005', 'G05.360.162.560'], ['G08.686.784.277'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The clinical pharmacokinetics of buflomedil in normal subjects after intravenous and oral administration.
|
A dose-ranging pharmacokinetic study of buflomedil was carried out in eight subjects to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug after oral and intravenous administration. Based on AUC infinity analyses, the pharmacokinetics of buflomedil were found to be linear within the dose ranges studied (50 to 200 mg for i. v. injection and 150 to 450 mg for oral administration). In the oral study, the mean biological half-life of the drug was 2.97 h, while after intravenous dose it was 3.25 h. The apparent volume of distribution after the pseudodistribution equilibrium (Fd beta) and volume of distribution at the steady state (Vdss) were 1.43 +/- 0.24 l/kg and 1.32 +/- 0.26 l/kg, respectively. The mean urinary recovery of intact drug and the metabolite, paradesmethyl buflomedil, after intravenous dosing, were 23.6% and 18.7%, respectively, while after oral dosing, they were 18% and 14.8%, respectively. On the average, 72% of the dose was observed into the systemic circulation after oral administration. This level of bioavailability was attributed to the hepatic first-pass effect.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Butyrophenones', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 7,286,057
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.522.352'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.773'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Time trends in type 2 diabetes patients' disease management and outcomes: evidence from two KORA surveys in Germany.
|
To explore time trends in diabetes management and intermediate health outcomes of people with type 2 diabetes, data from two population-based survey studies were compared. The surveys were conducted in the Augsburg region of Southern Germany in 1997/98 and in 2004/05, and included physical examinations, interviews, self-administered questionnaires and laboratory tests. Data from 334 participants aged 40-84 were analysed, including a longitudinal sub-sample of 50 persons. Results show significant time trends towards improvements over the seven year period. Controlling for age, sex, education and duration of diabetes, people felt better informed about diabetes (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.87; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.14) and stated greater adherence to the treatment plan (OR 4.42; CI: 2.62, 7.45) as well as higher participation in diabetes education programmes (OR 2.20; CI: 1.44, 3.38). Mean haemoglobin A1c levels decreased by -0.97% from 7.3% to 6.3% (CI:-0.66%, -1.28%). Physical activity (> or =1 h/week) was more frequent (OR 2.75; CI: 1.65, 4.59), although Body Mass Index increased by 1.43 kg/m (2) (CI: 0.86, 2.00). The positive changes in disease management and metabolic outcomes for type 2 diabetic patients between 1997/98 and 2004/05 indicate a shift towards greater patient involvement in diabetes care and possibly more efficient medical management practices.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,726,868
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Establishment of a highly differentiated immortalized human cholangiocyte cell line with SV40T and hTERT.
|
BACKGROUND: Cholangiocytes perform an essential role in important pathophysiologic functions in the liver. Establishment of a human cholangiocyte line facilitates advances in cholangiocyte research and clinical applications for cell therapies. Here, we describe the immortalization of human cholangiocytes using serial transfection of simian virus 40 large T (SV40T) followed by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).METHODS: SV40T-transduced human liver OUMS-21 cells were superinfected with a retroviral vector SSR#197 encoding hTERT and green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNAs. Resulting cell lines were evaluated for gene expression, functional cholangiogenic characteristics in vitro and in vivo, and response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).RESULTS: One of the SV40T- and hTERT-immortalized cholangiocyte clones, MMNK-1, was established. MMNK-1 expressed cholangiocyte markers, including cytokeratin (CK)-7 and -19 and exhibited cholangiogenic tubule formation in a Matrigel assay. When transplanted into the immunodeficient mice, MMNK-1 cells developed bile duct-like structures in the spleen. After LPS treatment, MMNK-1 cells produced interleukin-6 and failed to form well-developed tubular structures in Matrigel.CONCLUSION: We have established an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line, MMNK-1, using SV40T and hTERT transduction.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Collagen', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Drug Combinations', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Laminin', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Proteoglycans', 'Telomerase', 'Transfection']
| 14,966,424
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.090', 'D12.776.964.700.090', 'D23.050.285.062.090', 'D23.050.327.062.090'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['E02.095.147.500', 'E04.936.225'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Large Salt Dust Storms Follow a 30-Year Rainfall Cycle in the Mar Chiquita Lake (C?rdoba, Argentina).
|
Starting in 2006, a new source of intense salt dust storms developed in Mar Chiquita (C?rdoba, Argentina), the largest saline lake in South America. Storms originate from vast mudflats left by a 30-year expansion-retreat cycle of the lake due to changes in the regional rainfall regime. The annual frequency of salt dust storms correlated with the size of the salt mudflats. Events were restricted to the coldest months, and reached up to 800 km from the source. Occurrence of dust storms was associated with specific surface colors and textures easily identifiable in satellite images. High-emission surfaces were characterized by the presence of sodium sulfate hydrous/anhydrous crystals (mirabilite and thenardite), and a superficial and variable water table, which may result in the periodic development of a characteristic "fluffy" surface derived from salt precipitation-dissolution processes. HYSPLIT model simulation estimates a deposition maximum near the sources (of about 2.5 kg/ha/yr), and a decreasing trend from the emission area outwards, except for the relative secondary maximum modeled over the mountain ranges in southern Bolivia and northern Argentina due to an orographic effect. The 2009 total deposition of salt dust generated in Mar Chiquita was estimated at 6.5 million tons.
|
['Argentina', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dust', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Lakes', 'Rain', 'Seasons', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Temperature']
| 27,258,088
|
[['Z01.107.757.077'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D20.633.222'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Investigation of short-term therapy results for radiofrequency ablation by positron emission tomography].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of evaluating the short-term therapeulic effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in cancer treatment by positron emission tomography.METHODS: The radioactivity intensity of the tumor was detected by PET before and after RFA.RESULTS: Radioactivity blank was observed in all 33 cases with 54 lesions, indicating the elimination of the tumor was destroyed.CONCLUSION: PET is of great significance in evaluating the short-term effect of RFA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,390,754
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Specificity studies of the GDP-[L]-fucose: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-[D]-glucoside (Fuc-->Asn-linked GlcNAc) 6-alpha-[L]-fucosyltransferase from rat-liver Golgi membranes.
|
The specificity of Golgi-membrane glycoprotein 6-alpha-[L]-fucosyltransferase [GDP-[L]-fucose: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- beta-[D]-glucoside (Fuc-->Asn-linked GlcNAc) 6-alpha-[L]-fucosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.68] has been assessed with regard to substrate covalent structures and the effect of a protein matrix on the conformational display of those covalent structures. Specificity was studied by direct comparison of the substrate quality of nine 6-biotinamidohexanoylAsn (= R) derivatives of intermediates and products in the pathway from Man5GlcNAc2-R to a fully sialylated biantennary complex-type glycan. The Man5 derivative and the sialic acid-containing glycans were completely inactive as substrates. The other glycans were all fucosylated; the best substrate was GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2-R. The protein-matrix effect was studied by comparing the substrate quality of the same 6-biotinamidohexanoylAsn derivatives as well as the corresponding biotinylAsn derivatives free in solution and bound to streptavidin. On the basis of a model derived from the known 3D structure of biotin (biocytin)-saturated streptavidin, it was predicted that the fucosylation site in the substrates would be completely masked in the biotin-binding pocket in the biotinyl derivatives (proximal display), and at least partially masked in the 6-biotinamidohexanoyl derivatives (distal display). The activity measurements were in agreement with these predictions; the glycan structures GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2-, GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2-, and GlcNAc2-Man3GlcNAc2- were readily fucosylated as derivatives free in solution, but were totally inert in the proximal complex with streptavidin. In the distal complexes the latter two structures were found to be fucosylated very slowly while the former structure was inactive.
|
['Animals', 'Asparagine', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biotin', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Fucosyltransferases', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Liver', 'Mannose', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment', 'Streptavidin', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Swainsonine']
| 8,149,370
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['A03.620'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.196.566.750'], ['D12.776.097.835'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D03.132.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
|
Recently the clinical importance of human organic cation transporters 1 (hOCT1/SLC22A1) and 2 (hOCT2/SLC22A2) in drug disposition, for example, clearance, toxicity, and drug-drug interactions, have been highlighted [Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2012, 52, 249-273; Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2010, 9 (3), 215-236]. Consequently, there is an extensive need for experimental assessment of structure-transport relationships as well as tools to predict drug uptake by these transporters in ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) investigations. In the present study, we developed a robust assay for screening unlabeled compound uptake by hOCT1 and hOCT2 using transfected HEK293 cells. For the first time, an extensive data set comprising uptake of 354 compounds is presented. As expected, there was a large overlap in substrate specificity between the two organic cation transporters. However, several compounds selectively taken up by either hOCT1 or hOCT2 were identified. In particular, a chemical series of phenylthiophenecarboxamide ureas was identified as selective hOCT1 substrates. Moreover, the drivers for transport differed: molecular volume was the most important determinant of hOCT1 substrates, whereas H-bonding parameters like polar surface area (PSA) dominated for hOCT2.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Organic Cation Transport Proteins', 'Organic Cation Transporter 1', 'Organic Cation Transporter 2', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 23,984,907
|
[['G03.143'], ['G02'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.157.530.937.612.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.812.625', 'D12.776.543.585.937.701.625'], ['D26'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
HCOP: a searchable database of human orthology predictions.
|
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) Comparison of Orthology Predictions (HCOP) search tool combines the human, mouse, rat and chicken orthology assertions made by PhIGs, HomoloGene, Ensembl, Inparanoid, Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and HGNC, enabling users to identify predicted ortholog pairs for a specified gene or genes. The HCOP resource provides a useful method to integrate, compare and access a variety of disparate sources of human orthology data. The HCOP search tool, data and documentation are available at http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/hcop.
|
['Databases, Genetic', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genes', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 16,951,416
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vitamin D-dependent rickets: a resurgence of the rachitic lung in the 21st century.
|
Respiratory complications of rickets may be life-threatening particularly in developing countries. A 7-month-old boy presented with recurrent infections, seizures, failure to thrive, wheezing and respiratory distress progressing to global respiratory failure. Several antimicrobial regimens, bronchodilators and corticosteroids resulted in only short-term improvement. He was transferred from Cape Verde to a third-care hospital in Portugal. He was hypotonic and undernourished, with respiratory anguish and classical skeletal signs of rickets, despite vitamin D supplementation. Hypocalcaemia, normal phosphate levels and normal vitamin D status 25(OH)D3 and 1.25(OH)2D3) pointed to vitamin D-dependent rickets type II. Treatment with high doses of calcium and calcitriol allowed progressive respiratory, musculoskeletal and neurological recovery. Although respiratory manifestations of rickets were described many years ago, the present case raises relevant issues about the level of diagnostic support, the risk of complications and how they should be assessed and monitored.
|
['Calcifediol', 'Calcitriol', 'Calcium', 'Delayed Diagnosis', 'Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Portugal', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 26,483,391
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E01.110', 'E02.760.273', 'N02.421.585.273'], ['C05.116.198.816.875.500', 'C12.777.419.815.647.500', 'C13.351.968.419.815.647.500', 'C16.320.565.618.544.500', 'C16.320.831.647.500', 'C18.452.104.816.875.500', 'C18.452.174.845.875.500', 'C18.452.648.618.544.500', 'C18.452.750.400.500.500', 'C18.452.750.400.750.500', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Psychosis following acute alteration of thyroid status.
|
OBJECTIVE: Mania with psychotic features presenting following abrupt normalisation of thyroid function from severe Graves's disease is reported.CLINICAL PICTURE: A 33-year-old man with severe, untreated Graves's disease was treated aggressively, with rapid restoration of normal serum thyroid hormone levels. Symptoms of mania and psychosis then developed.TREATMENT: Time limited antipsychotic medication and continuing medical treatment.OUTCOME: There was resolution of psychiatric symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: The association of mania and psychosis with thyroid disease is rare, but aggressive medical treatment and rapid restoration of normal serum thyroid levels may increase the risk of the emergence of such symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Antithyroid Agents', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Graves Disease', 'Haloperidol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurocognitive Disorders', 'Thyroid Function Tests']
| 9,400,884
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.347.100', 'D27.505.696.399.450.100'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.171'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.615'], ['E01.370.374.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fiber type changes in denervated soleus muscles of the hyperthyroid rat.
|
The thyroid status of rats is known to influence the histochemical and biochemical myosin adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase) activity of the soleus muscle. In the hypothyroid state, denervated soleus muscles are not subject to that influence. Our experiments indicated that in the hyperthyroid state fibers of the denervated soleus muscle show a profound change from acid-stable M-ATPase positive to acid-stable M-ATPase negative. We concluded that this change was induced by the hyperthyroid state and was not neurally mediated.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Denervation', 'Muscles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 6,219,891
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['C19.874.397'], ['G11.427.494'], ['E04.525.210.500', 'E04.525.210.560.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A).
|
A 7 alpha-hydroxylation is necessary for conversion of both cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol into bile acids. According to current theories, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A) is responsible for the former and oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B) for the latter reaction. CYP7A is believed to have a very high substrate specificity whereas CYP7B is active toward oxysterols, dehydroepiandrosterone, and pregnenolone. In the present study, 7 alpha-hydroxylation of various oxysterols in liver and kidney was investigated. Surprisingly, human cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7A, expressed as a recombinant in Escherichia coli and COS cells, was active toward 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. This enzyme has previously been thought to be specific for cholesterol and cholestanol. A partially purified and reconstituted cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme fraction from pig liver showed 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity toward the same oxysterols as metabolized by expressed recombinant human and rat CYP7A. The 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity toward 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol in rat liver was significantly increased by treatment with cholestyramine, an inducer of CYP7A. From the present results it may be concluded that CYP7A is able to function as an oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, in addition to the previously known human oxysterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7B. These findings may have implications for oxysterol-mediated regulation of gene expression and for pathways of bile acid biosynthesis. A possible use of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol as a marker substrate for CYP7A is proposed.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Catalysis', 'Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Cytochrome P450 Family 7', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Steroid Hydroxylases', 'Sterols', 'Swine']
| 10,882,719
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.244.453.890.500', 'D08.244.453.915.200', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.890.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.200', 'D12.776.422.220.453.890.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.200'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D08.244.453.890', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.890', 'D12.776.422.220.453.890'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.244.453.915', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progestin represses human connexin43 gene expression similarly in primary cultures of myometrial and uterine leiomyoma cells.
|
The mechanism by which progestin represses the expression of the human connexin43 (cx43) gene was analyzed in primary cultures of human myometrial cells, and for comparison, in primary cultures of uterine leiomyoma cells. Within 24 h, the levels of connexin43 (Cx43) protein in primary cells treated with progestin were reduced to about 50% of that in untreated cells, and these levels were maintained for up to 120 h. A plateau in the reduction of Cx43 protein levels was reached at progestin concentrations of 50-100 nM. No significant difference was found in a comparison of progestin-mediated reduction of Cx43 protein in autologous myometrial and leiomyoma primary cultures. Levels of cx43 mRNA levels also decreased to about 50% in myometrial and leiomyoma cells within hours after treatment with progestin, and these new levels were maintained for up to 48 h. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis showed that 100 nM progestin partially repressed transcription of the cx43 gene in both myometrial and leiomyoma primary cultures. The amount of decrease in cx43 transcription in cells treated with progestin was paralleled by a corresponding decrease in cytoplasmic cx43 mRNA levels. Progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription was also determined to be similar in the two types of primary cells as evidenced by transient expression assays. Thus progestin down-regulates the expression of the human cx43 gene primarily by repressing transcription of the gene in myometrial cells, and it acts similarly in leiomyoma cells.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Connexin 43', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Leiomyoma', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myometrium', 'Progestins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 8,835,382
|
[['A11.251'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A02.633.570.500', 'A05.360.319.679.690', 'A10.690.467.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.858'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative proteomics reveals myosin and actin as promising saliva biomarkers for distinguishing pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions.
|
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer survival rates increase significantly when it is detected and treated early. Unfortunately, clinicians now lack tests which easily and reliably distinguish pre-malignant oral lesions from those already transitioned to malignancy. A test for proteins, ones found in non-invasively-collected whole saliva and whose abundances distinguish these lesion types, would meet this critical need.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To discover such proteins, in a first-of-its-kind study we used advanced mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the pooled soluble fraction of whole saliva from four subjects with pre-malignant lesions and four with malignant lesions. We prioritized candidate biomarkers via bioinformatics and validated selected proteins by western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially abundant proteins and initial western blotting revealed increased abundance of myosin and actin in patients with malignant lesions. We validated those results by additional western blotting of individual whole saliva samples from twelve other subjects with pre-malignant oral lesions and twelve with malignant oral lesions. Sensitivity/specificity values for distinguishing between different lesion types were 100%/75% (p = 0.002) for actin, and 67%/83% (p<0.00001) for myosin in soluble saliva. Exfoliated epithelial cells from subjects' saliva also showed increased myosin and actin abundance in those with malignant lesions, linking our observations in soluble saliva to abundance differences between pre-malignant and malignant cells.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary actin and myosin abundances distinguish oral lesion types with sensitivity and specificity rivaling other non-invasive oral cancer tests. Our findings provide a promising starting point for the development of non-invasive and inexpensive salivary tests to reliably detect oral cancer early.
|
['Actins', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Myosins', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Proteomics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 20,567,502
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['C04.834'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of herpesvirus infection of the CNS: the experience of hospital Geral de Santo Ant?nio.
|
BACKGROUND: PCR detection of CSF Herpes virus DNA is an important tool in the diagnosis of CNS infections. Use of this test has been shown to have an impact on patient management as measured by shortened patient stays, specific therapeutic intervention, reduction of empirical expensive therapy administration, all of which should translate into significant health care savings.OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at implementing, and evaluating both clinically and analytically the performance of several commercially available PCR based assays for the detection of Herpes virus infections of the CNS.STUDY DESIGN: A total of 314 patients with suspected CNS Herpesvirus infection were investigated, between 1999 and 2001, by Stair primers PCR. Starting on January 2002, two commercially available real-time-PCR systems were implemented and tested using the Stair primers PCR assay as golden standard and three external control proficiency panels along with serial dilutions of positive clinical samples.RESULTS: Sensitivity of the assay was determined to be <200 copies per ml for HSV and <1250 copies per ml for CMV. Positive results were obtained for 17 patients (6 HSV-1, 1 HSV-2, 1 EBV, 1 CMV, 6 VZV and 2 HHV-6) whose clinical and analytical findings were consistent with the PCR results. A real-time-PCR procedure was introduced in 2002 with similar sensitivity, but a more rapid response.CONCLUSION: Conventional end-point PCR proved useful to the diagnosis of CNS herpes virus infection, with an impact on the clinical intervention. However, the use of Real-Time-PCR has greatly enhanced these advantages, making results available at a much earlier time, thus significantly reducing the need for empirical treatment.
|
['Central Nervous System Viral Diseases', 'DNA, Viral', 'Herpesviridae', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Portugal', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,091,082
|
[['C01.207.245', 'C01.925.182', 'C10.228.228.245'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B04.280.382'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The AT-rich tract of the SV40 ori core: negative synergism and specific recognition by single stranded and duplex DNA binding proteins.
|
The SV40 origin of replication comprises a run of thymine and adenine residues. Integrity of this AT-rich sequence is known to be essential for replication. We set out to study whether or not these elements can work synergistically to sustain replication. Quite surprisingly, additional copies of the AT stretch linked to a functional SV40 ori core dramatically reduce its replication in Cosl cells, probably by creating some physical block. Interestingly, the same inhibiting effect can be observed with the addition in cis of the yeast ARS consensus, which is homologous to the SV40 AT stretch. This modulation is possibly due to the action of cellular factors that recognize either of the two sequences. In fact, we demonstrate the existence of factor(s) in Cosl crude nuclear extracts that in vitro can specifically bind to either of them. Moreover, we show that these sequence-specific factor(s) (MW about 50 kDa), named SOAP, recognize both single (T-rich strand) and double stranded forms of the AT tracts. Binding to single stranded AT stretches can be specifically inhibited by the corresponding duplex form, but not vice versa.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'DNA, Viral', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Plasmids', 'Simian virus 40', 'Viral Proteins']
| 1,321,411
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D12.776.260'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of caveolin-1 in atrial fibrillation as an anti-fibrotic signaling molecule in human atrial fibroblasts.
|
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population; yet, the precise mechanisms resulting in AF are not fully understood. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the principal structural component of caveolae organelles in cardiac fibroblasts, is involved in several cardiovascular conditions; however, the study on its function in atrium, in particular, in AF, is still lacking. This report examines the hypothesis that Cav-1 confers an anti-AF effect by mediating atrial structural remodeling through its anti-fibrotic action. We evaluated the expression of Cav-1, transforming growth factor-â1 (TGF-â1), and fibrosis in atrial specimens of 13 patients with AF and 10 subjects with sinus rhythm, and found that the expression of Cav-1 was significantly downregulated, whereas TGF-â1 level, collagens I/III contents and atrial fibrosis were markedly increased, in AF. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment of human atrial fibroblasts (HAFs) with TGF-â1 resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent repression of Cav-1. Downregulation of Cav-1 with siRNA increased the TGF-â1-induced activation of Smad signal pathway and collagens production in HAFs. Furthermore, incubation of HAFs with the peptides derived from Cav-1 to achieve Cav-1 gain-of-function abolished the TGF-â1-induced production of collagens I/III and decreases of MMP-2/-9 expression. Therefore it was concluded that Cav-1 is an important anti-AF signaling mediator by conferring its anti-fibrotic effects in atrium.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Atrial Remodeling', 'Caveolin 1', 'Collagen', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad Proteins', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 24,454,806
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C23.300.052', 'C23.550.113', 'G09.330.040.800'], ['D12.644.360.024.264', 'D12.776.157.057.010', 'D12.776.476.024.280', 'D12.776.543.990.100.500', 'D12.776.744.287'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.334', 'D12.776.157.057.170', 'D12.776.260.713', 'D12.776.476.024.428', 'D12.776.930.806'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
FAPPs control Golgi-to-cell-surface membrane traffic by binding to ARF and PtdIns(4)P.
|
The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of carriers trafficking from the Golgi complex to the cell surface are still ill-defined; nevertheless, the involvement of a lipid-based machinery is well established. This includes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), the precursor for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)). In yeast, PtdIns(4)P exerts a direct role, however, its mechanism of action and its targets in mammalian cells remain uncharacterized. We have identified two effectors of PtdIns(4)P, the four-phosphate-adaptor protein 1 and 2 (FAPP1 and FAPP2). Both proteins localize to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) on nascent carriers, and interact with PtdIns(4)P and the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) through their plekstrin homology (PH) domain. Displacement or knockdown of FAPPs inhibits cargo transfer to the plasma membrane. Moreover, overexpression of FAPP-PH impairs carrier fission. Therefore, FAPPs are essential components of a PtdIns(4)P- and ARF-regulated machinery that controls generation of constitutive post-Golgi carriers.
|
['ADP-Ribosylation Factors', 'Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'COS Cells', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'trans-Golgi Network']
| 15,107,860
|
[['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.100', 'D12.644.360.525.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.100', 'D12.776.476.525.100'], ['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D12.776.354'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.284.835'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[X-linked mental retardation: variations in the fragile X mutations and genetic counseling].
|
The fragile X syndrome is one of the most common forms of genetic mental retardation and is caused by elongation of a small target DNA fragment containing a repeat of the trinucleotide CGG located in a 5' exon of the FMR-1 gene on the X chromosome. The genetic mutations were classified as two main types, premutation and full mutation, according to the size of the elongation. Because clinical findings are varied in patients with the fragile X syndrome, diagnosis of the disease is very difficult when based only on clinical symptoms. Molecular findings in three families with the fragile X syndrome showed that individuals with the full mutation were moderately mentally retarded, but individuals with the premutation had normal intelligence. The intellectual quotient levels in the families related to the sizes of the mutation which were unstable from generation to generation. These findings suggested that molecular studies in patients with mental retardation are very usefull to diagnose the fragile X syndrome, and that genetic counseling should be carried out based on the DNA analyses of the FMR-1 gene in the family members.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Female', 'Fragile X Syndrome', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 8,219,287
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.500', 'C16.131.260.830.300', 'C16.320.180.830.300', 'C16.320.322.500.500', 'C16.320.400.525.500'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mortality In Patients With Respiratory And Nonrespiratory Carbapenem Resistant-Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Infections.
|
BACKGROUND: Mortality from carbapenem-multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections may vary according to site of infection. The objective of this study was to compare mortality in respiratory vs. non-respiratory infection with Carbapenem-Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter (C-MRAB).METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study to compare mortality rate in patients with respiratory vs. nonrespiratory infection (n=30 each).RESULTS: Results showed that mortality was 40% in the respiratory group compared to 23% in non-respiratory group; the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.165, RR=1.71, CI=0.73-3.75). There was a significantly higher prior admission rate in patients with respiratory infection (p=0.028). Logistic regression did not reveal any modifier effect from other variables.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no significant difference in mortality in patients with carbapenem-multi-drug resistant acinetobacter respiratory vs. non-respiratory infections.
|
['Acinetobacter Infections', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Carbapenems', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pakistan', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Young Adult']
| 29,076,697
|
[['C01.150.252.400.560.022'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Association of donor-specific blood transfusion enhancement of rat renal allografts with accelerated development of antiidiotypic antibodies and reduced alloantibody responses.
|
Pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT) has been shown to enhance renal allograft survival in man and indefinitely prolong renal transplants among various MHC-disparate rat strains. Using PVG (RT1c) recipients and ACI (RT1a) donor-strain rats, DSBT alone was found to elicit complement-dependent cytotoxic IgM antibody (Ab) to donor class I (RT1.Aa) alloantigens that peaked at 7 days. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure host Ab against allospecific (idiotypic) determinants on the anti-RT1.Aa monoclonal Ab R2/10P, R2/15S, and YR1/100. Following DSBT alone, antiidiotypic Ab were detected in the circulation within 7-11 days after transfusion. Transplantation of a donor strain kidney in the presence of antiidiotypic Ab at day 7 or 11 post-DSBT resulted in enhanced graft survival and a rapid decline in circulating alloantibody, such that by days 4-6 posttransplantation little IgM or IgG alloantibody was detected. In contrast, all 6 PVG rats that were transplanted 4 days after DSBT (prior to development of detectable antiidiotypic Ab) rejected their grafts within 30 days, and 4 of 6 showed elevated alloantibody titers within 3 days posttransplantation. Control PVG rats receiving autologous blood transfusion (ABT) alone developed no alloantibody response but developed high titers of donor-specific alloantibody by 6 days posttransplantation, at the time of irreversible rejection. ABT alone did not elicit antiidiotypic Ab and ABT pretreated graft recipients developed antiidiotypic Ab only after the onset of rejection at day 4. In both DSBT and ABT groups, the antiidiotypic Ab were primarily IgM, IgG1, and IgG2c. These findings indicate that DSBT induces production of cytotoxic alloantibodies followed by an antiidiotypic Ab response at days 7-11, during which time transplanted renal allografts are not rejected and there is a reduction in circulating alloantibody. In contrast, renal allografts placed in DSBT-treated rats prior to antiidiotypic Ab development (less than or equal to 4 days) or in ABT-treated rats that do not develop any antiidiotypic Ab, elicit a rapid rise in alloantibody and are rejected.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Isoantibodies', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 2,301,006
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['G12.100'], ['E02.095.135'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.664', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.664', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.664'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Programmed environment management of confined microsocieties.
|
A programmed environment is described that assists the implementation and management of schedules governing access to all resources and information potentially available to members of a confined microsociety. Living and work schedules are presented that were designed to build individual and group performance repertoires in support of study objectives and sustained adaptation by participants. A variety of measurement requirements can be programmed and standardized to assure continuous assessment of the status and health of a confined microsociety.
|
['Behavior', 'Ecological Systems, Closed', 'Humans', 'Social Environment', 'Space Flight', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 2,903,733
|
[['F01.145'], ['G16.500.275.157.240', 'N06.230.124.240', 'N06.230.150.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['J01.937.285.850'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
High frequency oscillations and high frequency functional network characteristics in the intraoperative electrocorticogram in epilepsy.
|
OBJECTIVE: High frequency oscillations (HFOs; > 80 Hz), especially fast ripples (FRs, 250-500 Hz), are novel biomarkers for epileptogenic tissue. The pathophysiology suggests enhanced functional connectivity within FR generating tissue. Our aim was to determine the relation between brain areas showing FRs and 'baseline' functional connectivity within EEG networks, especially in the high frequency bands.METHODS: We marked FRs, ripples (80-250 Hz) and spikes in the electrocorticogram of 14 patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. We assessed 'baseline' functional connectivity in epochs free of epileptiform events within these recordings, using the phase lag index. We computed the Eigenvector Centrality (EC) per channel in the FR and gamma band network. We compared EC between channels that did or did not show events at other moments in time.RESULTS: FR-band EC was higher in channels with than without spikes. Gamma-band EC was lower in channels with ripples and FRs.CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed previous findings of functional isolation in the gamma-band and found a first proof of functional integration in the FR-band network of channels covering presumed epileptogenic tissue.SIGNIFICANCE: 'Baseline' high-frequency network parameters might help intra-operative recognition of epileptogenic tissue without the need for waiting for events. These findings can increase our understanding of the 'architecture' of epileptogenic networks and help unravel the pathophysiology of HFOs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Waves', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Electrocorticography', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Gamma Rhythm', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Net', 'Young Adult']
| 27,882,298
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.376.300.150', 'E01.370.405.245.287', 'G07.265.087', 'G11.561.127'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.376.300.294', 'E01.370.405.245.431'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.906', 'E01.370.405.245.287.906', 'G07.265.087.906', 'G11.561.127.906'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.511'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vertical eye movement-related type II neurons with downward on-directions in the vestibular nucleus in alert cats.
|
The vestibular nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) have been regarded as key elements of the velocity-to-position integrator for vertical eye movements. This paper reports a class of type II vestibular neurons that receives input from the INC and carries vertical eye movement signals that appear to represent an intermediate stage of the integration process. Extracellular recordings were made from neurons in and near the vestibular nuclei in alert cats. We encountered 39 neurons that exhibited an intense burst of spikes for downward saccades and a position-related tonic activity during intersaccadic intervals (d-type II neurons). They had a very high saccadic sensitivity (4.3+/-2.7 spikes/deg, mean +/- SD) as well as a high position sensitivity (3.2+/-1.6 (spikes/sec)/deg). Unlike the bursts of motoneurons, the bursts of these neurons declined gradually with an exponential-like time course and lasted well beyond the end of saccades. The mean time constant of the burst decay was 139+/-43 ms. The d-type II neurons were excited with disynaptic or trisynaptic latencies following stimulation of the contralateral vestibular nerve. The responses to vertical head rotations suggested inputs from the contralateral posterior canal. The d-type II neurons were excited with short latencies following stimulation of the ipsilateral INC, suggesting that they receive a direct excitatory input from vertical eye movement-related INC neurons with downward on-directions. The d-type II neurons were located in the rostral portion of the vestibular nuclei and the underlying reticular formation. These results suggest that d-type II neurons may be interposed between the burst-tonic neurons in the INC and pure tonic neurons in the vestibular nuclei and contribute to the oculomotor velocity-to-position integration.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Eye Movements', 'Mesencephalon', 'Neurons', 'Reaction Time', 'Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular', 'Saccades', 'Semicircular Canals', 'Vestibular Nuclei', 'Wakefulness']
| 14,722,700
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G07.888.937', 'G11.561.731.795'], ['G14.350.500'], ['A09.246.300.663'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.800'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel linear epitope crossing Group 1 and Group 2 influenza A viruses located in the helix A of HA2 derived from H7N9.
|
In this research, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were first generated as an immunogen by using the GST fusion protein that carries the fusion peptide and helix A derived from H7N9 influenza A virus (IAV). These mAbs could react with HA of H7N9, H3N2, and H9N2 with neutralizing activity. A novel linear epitope recognized by these mAbs was identified by peptide-based ELISA, and this epitope was located in TAADYKSTQSAIDQITGKLN at the C terminus of the helix A of H7N9. 3 A11, which is one of the four mAbs, could efficiently recognize the corresponding epitopes derived from H9, H7, H5, H3, and H1. Analysis of sera against the corresponding epitope from different HAs revealed that the C terminus of helix A in H9, H7, and H3 possessed dominant B cell epitopes that cross both Group 1 and Group 2 IAV, whereas the C terminus of helix A in H5 possessed only dominant B cell epitopes that cross subtypes in Group 1 virus. All these results demonstrated that the linear epitope identified in the helix A of H7N9 could be a novel target for developing broad-spectrum influenza diagnostics or vaccine candidates.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cross Reactions', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitope Mapping', 'Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte', 'Hemagglutinins, Viral', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Models, Molecular', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections']
| 30,593,378
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E05.478.274', 'E05.601.690.300'], ['D23.050.550.395'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345', 'D23.050.327.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.800'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.900'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['E05.599.595'], ['C01.925.782.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
X-ray analyses of hybrid duplexes between antisense oligonucleotides containing 5-(N-aminohexyl)carbamoyl-2'-O-methyluridine and their target RNAs.
|
Incorporation of 5-(N-aminohexyl)carbamoyl-2'-O-methyluridine ((N)Um) into oligonucleotides increases antisense properties such as RNA binding affinity, nuclease resistance and RNase H activity. The present X-ray studies on hybrid duplexes formed between antisense oligonucleotides containing (N)Um and their target RNAs have revealed the structural basis for such properties. The terminal ammonium groups of the aminohexyl chains interact with the phosphate oxygen anions. The 2'-O-methyl modification induces the ribose group to adopt the C3'-endo conformation. Comparisons with the structure of unmodified duplex show that the (N)Um incorporation narrows the minor grooves and alters their hydration structures. These structural changes are well correlated to the favorable properties for useful antisense molecules.
|
['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense', 'RNA', 'Uridine']
| 17,150,635
|
[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.150.200.640', 'D13.150.480.640', 'D13.444.308.150.640', 'D13.444.600.150.200.640', 'D13.444.600.150.640.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.200.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640.640'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D03.383.742.680.852', 'D13.570.685.852', 'D13.570.800.892']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue culture study on neuronal migration in the rat cerebral cortex: effects of low dose radiation.
|
In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal migration in the developing rat cerebral cortex, a novel primary tissue culture system in which neuronal migration can be evaluated was developed. Using this culture system, through autoradiographic studies we demonstrated the migration of [3H]thymidine labeled cells, and also revealed that this neuronal migration was delayed by such low dose radiation as 10 cGy. In addition, an immunohistochemical study revealed that the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), was undetectable in the matrix cell layer. When anti-N-CAM monoclonal antibodies were added to the tissue culture system, the neuronal migration delay was comparable with that observed in the case of 20 cGy radiation. These results suggest that N-CAM is related to neuronal migration in the rat cerebrum and that the neuronal migration delay evoked by low dose radiation might be caused by disorder of N-CAM present in the matrix cells.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Movement', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Culture Techniques', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Thymidine']
| 9,408,590
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E05.481.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Total nitrogen vs. amino-acid profile as indicator of protein content of beef.
|
In most cited food composition studies and tables, the proximate system measures protein as total nitrogen (N) (determined by Kjeldahl or Dumas method) multiplied by a specific factor. A factor of 6.25 is used for determining total protein from total N (Jones, Munsey, & Walker, 1942). Although more expensive, it is considered more accurate to base protein content of foods on amino acid data (Greenfield & Southgate, 2003). A study on the nutrient composition of beef analysed the full amino-acid profile of fifteen retail cuts from three age groups and six fat codes, as well as determined total nitrogen content to determine proximate protein composition. For all cuts, the correlation coefficient of total amino acids to protein (N?6.25) was 0.635. This indicates a poor correlation for predicting actual protein content (as determined by total amino acid count), based on the nitrogen factor of 6.25. On average, the sum of amino acids per cut amounted to 91% of total determined protein (N?6.25) for the same cut.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Fatty Acids', 'Meat', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nitrogen', 'Nutritive Value']
| 23,601,414
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D10.251'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Reaction of oxygen with the respiratory chain in cells and tissues.
|
This paper considers the way in which the oxygen reaction described by Dr. Nicholls and the ADP control reactions described by Dr. Racker could cooperate to establish a purposeful metabolic control phenomenon in vivo. This has required an examination of the kinetic properties of the respiratory chain with particular reference to methods for determinations of oxygen affinity (K(m)). The constant parameter for tissue respiration is k(1), the velocity constant for the reaction of oxygen with cytochrome oxidase. Not only is this quantity a constant for a particular tissue or mitochondria; it appears to vary little over a wide range of biological material, and for practical purposes a value of 5 x 10(7) at 25 degrees close to our original value (20) is found to apply with adequate accuracy for calculation of K(m) for mammalia. The quantity which will depend upon the tissue and its metabolic state is the value of K(m) itself, and K(m) may be as large as 0.5 microM and may fall to 0.05 microM or less in resting, controlled, or inhibited states. The control characteristic for ADP may depend upon the electron flux due to the cytochrome chain (40); less ADP is required to activate the slower electron transport at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. The affinity constants for ADP control appear to be less dependent upon substrate supplied to the system. The balance of ADP and oxygen control in vivo is amply demonstrated experimentally and is dependent on the oxygen concentration as follows. In the presence of excess oxygen, control may be due to the ADP or phosphate (or substrate), and the kinetics of oxygen utilization will be independent of the oxygen concentration. As the oxygen concentration is diminished, hemoglobin becomes disoxygenated, deep gradients of oxygen concentration develop in the tissue, and eventually cytochrome oxidase becomes partially and then completely reduced. DPN at this point will become reduced and the electron flow diminished. The rate of ATP production falls and energy conservation previously under the control of the ADP concentration will now be controlled by the diffusion of oxygen to the respiratory enzymes in the mitochondria. Under these conditions the rate of reaction of cytochrome oxidase with oxygen and the reaction of cytochromes with one another become of key importance. The rise of ADP and the depletion of energy reserves evoke glycolytic activity, and failure of biological function may result.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Animals', 'Cytochromes', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Fluorometry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Oxygen', 'Polarography', 'Rats', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase']
| 4,285,727
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.244', 'D12.776.422.220'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.196.749', 'E05.301.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prothrombin deficiency results in embryonic and neonatal lethality in mice.
|
The conversion of prothrombin (FII) to the serine protease, thrombin (FIIa), is a key step in the coagulation cascade because FIIa triggers platelet activation, converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and activates regulatory pathways that both promote and ultimately suppress coagulation. However, several observations suggest that FII may serve a broader physiological role than simply stemming blood loss, including the identification of multiple G protein-coupled, thrombin-activated receptors, and the well-documented mitogenic activity of FIIa in in vitro test systems. To explore in greater detail the physiological roles of FII in vivo, FII-deficient (FII-/-) mice were generated. Inactivation of the FII gene leads to partial embryonic lethality with more than one-half of the FII-/- embryos dying between embryonic days 9.5 and 11.5. Bleeding into the yolk sac cavity and varying degrees of tissue necrosis were observed in many FII-/- embryos within this gestational time frame. However, at least one-quarter of the FII-/- mice survived to term, but ultimately they, too, developed fatal hemorrhagic events and died within a few days of birth. This study directly demonstrates that FII is important in maintaining vascular integrity during development as well as postnatal life.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Fetal Death', 'Gene Targeting', 'Hemorrhage', 'Hypoprothrombinemias', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Prothrombin', 'Prothrombin Time']
| 9,636,195
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['E05.393.335'], ['C23.550.414'], ['C15.378.100.100.550', 'C15.378.100.141.550', 'C15.378.463.550', 'C16.320.099.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The financial performance of rural hospitals and implications for elimination of the Critical Access Hospital program.
|
PURPOSE: To compare the financial performance of rural hospitals with Medicare payment provisions to those paid under prospective payment and to estimate the financial consequences of elimination of the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) program.METHODS: Financial data for 2004-2010 were collected from the Healthcare Cost Reporting Information System (HCRIS) for rural hospitals. HCRIS data were used to calculate measures of the profitability, liquidity, capital structure, and financial strength of rural hospitals. Linear mixed models accounted for the method of Medicare reimbursement, time trends, hospital, and market characteristics. Simulations were used to estimate profitability of CAHs if they reverted to prospective payment.FINDINGS: CAHs generally had lower unadjusted financial performance than other types of rural hospitals, but after adjustment for hospital characteristics, CAHs had generally higher financial performance.CONCLUSIONS: Special payment provisions by Medicare to rural hospitals are important determinants of financial performance. In particular, the financial condition of CAHs would be worse if they were paid under prospective payment.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Financial Management, Hospital', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Humans', 'Medicare', 'Models, Economic', 'Prospective Payment System', 'Time Factors', 'United States']
| 23,551,644
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['N02.278.216.500.875', 'N03.219.463.280', 'N04.452.442.452.180'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['N03.219.521.710.305.200'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Preparing Educators to Implement Flipped Classrooms as a Teaching Strategy.
|
Educators are not able to change teaching strategies unless they have experience with a new strategy. A 4-hour course was developed to support educators to teach differently.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Teaching']
| 26,247,655
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Third order nonlinear optical property of Bi₂Se₃.
|
The third order nonlinear optical property of Bi₂Se₃, a kind of topological insulator (TI), has been investigated under femto-second laser excitation. The open and closed aperture Z-scan measurements were used to unambiguously distinguish the real and imaginary part of the third order optical nonlinearity of the TI. When excited at 800 nm, the TI exhibits saturable absorption with a saturation intensity of 10.12 GW/cm² and a modulation depth of 61.2%, and a giant nonlinear refractive index of 10⁻?⁴ m²/W, almost six orders of magnitude larger than that of bulk dielectrics. This finding suggests that the TI:Bi₂Se₃ is indeed a promising nonlinear optical material and thus can find potential applications from passive laser mode locker to optical Kerr effect based photonic devices.
|
['Bismuth', 'Lasers', 'Materials Testing', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Selenium']
| 23,389,188
|
[['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mathematical foundations of the dendritic growth models.
|
At present two growth models describe successfully the distribution of size and topological complexity in populations of dendritic trees with considerable accuracy and simplicity, the BE model (Van Pelt et al. in J. Comp. Neurol. 387:325-340, 1997) and the S model (Van Pelt and Verwer in Bull. Math. Biol. 48:197-211, 1986). This paper discusses the mathematical basis of these models and analyzes quantitatively the relationship between the BE model and the S model assumed in the literature by developing a new explicit equation describing the BES model (a dendritic growth model integrating the features of both preceding models; Van Pelt et al. in J. Comp. Neurol. 387:325-340, 1997). In numerous studies it is implicitly presupposed that the S model is conditionally linked to the BE model (Granato and Van Pelt in Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 142:223-227, 2003; Uylings and Van Pelt in Network 13:397-414, 2002; Van Pelt, Dityatev and Uylings in J. Comp. Neurol. 387:325-340, 1997; Van Pelt and Schierwagen in Math. Biosci. 188:147-155, 2004; Van Pelt and Uylings in Network. 13:261-281, 2002; Van Pelt, Van Ooyen and Uylings in Modeling Dendritic Geometry and the Development of Nerve Connections, pp 179, 2000). In this paper we prove the non-exactness of this assumption, quantify involved errors and determine the conditions under which the BE and S models can be separately used instead of the BES model, which is more exact but considerably more difficult to apply. This study leads to a novel expression describing the BE model in an analytical closed form, much more efficient than the traditional iterative equation (Van Pelt et al. in J. Comp. Neurol. 387:325-340, 1997) in many neuronal classes. Finally we propose a new algorithm in order to obtain the values of the parameters of the BE model when this growth model is matched to experimental data, and discuss its advantages and improvements over the more commonly used procedures.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Dendrites', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Neurological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neurons', 'Stochastic Processes']
| 17,646,989
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interleukin 1 alpha activates two forms of p54 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase in rabbit liver.
|
We have identified in rabbits two hepatic forms of T669 peptide kinases that are very strongly activated after systemic injection with the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). The T669 peptide contains a major phosphorylation site of the epidermal growth factor receptor, threonine 699 and is a substrate for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The kinases were purified to homogeneity and corresponded to 50- and 55-kD proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid sequencing of 12 tryptic peptides of both kinases identified them as p54 MAP kinase alpha. This kinase belongs to the novel family of stress-activated protein kinases. This is the first evidence of IL-1 activating a specific protein kinase in vivo.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme Activation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rabbits', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 7,964,479
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correlation of diameters of secretory granules in clinically non-functioning chromophobe adenomas of the pituitary with those of normal thyrotrophs.
|
Diameters of secretory granules in thyrotrophs in gonadotrophs were measured in electron micrographs of operation specimens of 4 pituitary glands and of the secretory granules in operation specimens of 10 clinically non-functioning chromophobe adenomas. The mean diameter of the thyrotroph granules was 137 plus or minus 26 nm, of the gonadotrophs 204 plus or minus 38 nm, of 9 of the adenomas 141 plus or minus 20 nm and of the remaining adenoma 248 plus or minus 67 nm. The significance of the close correlation in granule size in most of the adenomas with that of thyrotrophin granules is discussed briefly.
|
['Adenoma, Chromophobe', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Humans', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Thyrotropin']
| 1,173,499
|
[['C04.557.465.625.650.095', 'C04.557.470.035.095', 'C04.557.580.625.650.095'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The Leksell gamma knife--a radiosurgery instrument].
|
Radiosurgery means delivery of a single dose of precisely directed ionizing radiation to a small volume of intracranial tissue without opening of the skull after the stereotactic localisation of the preselected target. Leksell gamma knife is a device enabling to deliver focused radiation toward the intracranial volume with the gamma rays emitted by the 201 sources of the isotope Co 60. Suitable indications for radiosurgery are cerebral arteriovenous malformations, benign and malignant intracranial tumors and functional diseases of the brain.
|
['Brain', 'Humans', 'Neurosurgery', 'Radiosurgery']
| 7,553,754
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The therapeutic effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on rat liver and kidney microcirculation disorder in endotoxic shock.
|
OBJECTIVES: Our previous studies demonstrated that pretreatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) could alleviate endothelial cell injury and reverse abnormal vascular reactivity as well as reduce LPS-induced inflammation cascades, which suggested that CCK-8 plays a potential role in anti-endotoxic shock. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of CCK-8 on rat liver and kidney microcirculatory perfusion disorder under endotoxic shock (ES) conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to lethal endotoxic shock by an injection of LPS. CCK-8 was administered 30 min after LPS injection. Either a specific CCK-1R antagonist or CCK-2R antagonist was injected before CCK-8 treatment. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), liver and kidney microcirculatory perfusion, and heart rate (HR) were recorded with a multi-channel data acquisition system. The serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and the histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were also observed.RESULTS: Administration of CCK-8 significantly delayed the LPS-induced decreases in not only the liver and kidney microcirculation perfusion but also the HR. The pathology changes induced by LPS in the liver and kidney tissues were significantly mitigated in the LPS + CCK-8 group. The levels of ALT and Cr in the serum of the LPS + CCK-8 group were obviously lower than those in the LPS group. In addition, the specific antagonist at the CCK-2 receptor (CCK-2R) abrogated the action of CCK-8 significantly.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that CCK-8 has potential therapeutic effects on microcirculation failure in an ES rat model via the CCK-2 receptor.
|
['Animals', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Cholecystokinin', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Oligopeptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Shock, Septic', 'Sincalide']
| 27,875,906
|
[['B01.050'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['D06.472.317.152', 'D12.644.120'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['D12.644.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['D06.472.317.152.700', 'D12.644.120.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How confident are general dental practitioners in their decision to administer antibiotic prophylaxis? A questionnaire study.
|
BACKGROUND: Common dental procedures induce bacteremia. To prevent infectious complications from bacteremia in patients with specific medical conditions, antibiotic prophylaxis is considered. Recommendations are often unclear and ambiguous. In a previous study we reported wide variations in general dental practitioners' (GDPs') administrations of antibiotic prophylaxis. We hypothesized that within such a conflicting clinical area, decisions are made with a high level of personal uncertainty. This study examined GDPs' confidence in their decisions and analyzed the extent to which case-related factors might explain individual variations in confidence.METHODS: Postal questionnaires in combination with telephone interviews were used. The response rate was 51% (101/200). There were no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents regarding sex, age, or place of work. The GDPs were presented to patient cases of different medical conditions, where some should receive antibiotic prophylaxis according to recommendations when performing dental procedures that could cause gingival bleeding. The GDPs assessed on visual analogue scales how confident they were in their decisions. The extent to which case-related factors, medical condition and dental procedure, could explain individual variation in confidence was analyzed.RESULTS: Overall the GDPs exhibited high confidence in their decisions regardless of whether they administered antibiotic prophylaxis or not, or whether their decisions were in accordance with recommendations or not. The case-related factors could explain between 30-100% of the individual variation in GDPs' confidence. For 46%, the medical condition significantly explained the individual variation in confidence. However, for most of these GDPs, lower confidence was not presented for conditions where recommendations are unclear and higher confidence was not presented for conditions where recommendations are more clear. For 8% the dental procedure significantly explained the variation, although all procedures could cause bacteremia. For 46% neither the medical condition nor the dental procedure could significantly explain the individual variation in confidence.CONCLUSION: The GDPs presented high confidence in their decisions, and the majority of GDPs did not present what could be considered a justified varied level of confidence according to the clarity of recommendations. Clinicians who are overconfident in their decisions may be less susceptible to modifications of their behavior to more evidence-based strategies.
|
['Adult', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Bacteremia', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Decision Making', 'Dental Care for Chronically Ill', 'Female', 'General Practice, Dental', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Practice Patterns, Dentists'", 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,061,525
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E06.170.205', 'N02.421.240.190.220'], ['H02.163.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.374.505', 'N05.300.580'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cytosolic mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase is evolutionarily related to mitochondrial rhodanese. Striking similarity in active site amino acid sequence and the increase in the mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity of rhodanese by site-directed mutagenesis.
|
Rat liver mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) was purified to homogeneity. MST is very similar to rhodanese in physicochemical properties. Further, rhodanese cross-reacts with anti-MST antibody. Both purified authentic MST and expressed rhodanese possess MST and rhodanese activities, although the ratio of rhodanese to MST activity is low in MST and high in rhodanese. In order to compare the active site regions of MST and rhodanese, the primary structure of a possible active site region of MST was determined. The sequence showed 66% homology with that of rat liver rhodanese. An active site cysteine residue (Cys246; site of formation of persulfide in catalysis) and an arginine residue (Arg185; substrate binding site) in rhodanese were also conserved in MST. On the other hand, two other active site residues (Arg247 and Lys248) were replaced by Gly and Ser, respectively. Conversion of rhodanese to MST was tried by site-directed mutagenesis. After cloning of rat liver rhodanese, recombinant wild type and three mutants (Arg247-->Gly and/or Lys248-->Ser) were constructed. The enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) with a T7 promoter system. The mutation of these residues decreases rhodanese activity and increases MST activity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Biological Evolution', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cysteine', 'Cytosol', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Species Specificity', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Sulfurtransferases', 'Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase']
| 7,608,189
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.913.817.500'], ['D08.811.913.817.500.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in sepsis.
|
Carbohydrate dyshomeostasis is a characteristic feature of sepsis. Sepsis elevates glucose uptake and cellular lactate levels in muscle. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations are unknown. We examined the effects of a chronic, intra-abdominal septic abscess upon glucose uptake, the expression of the insulin receptor, glucose transporter proteins (Glut-1 and Glut-4) and mRNA, and the content of glycolytic intermediates in muscle from the hindlimb. Sepsis caused a 67% increase in glucose uptake compared with control. A differential expression of the Glut-1 and Glut-4 transporter proteins in skeletal muscle of septic rats was observed. Sepsis increased the expression of Glut-1 protein 1.7-fold. The increased Glut-1 protein correlated with a similar increase in the relative abundance of Glut-1 mRNA. In contrast, sepsis did not alter the amount of Glut-4 protein and mRNA or insulin receptor protein. The tissue content of glucose-6-phosphate was increased approximately twofold compared with control. The increase in the glucose-6-phosphate content was not associated with increased glycogen deposition in skeletal muscle of septic animals. Analysis of the glycolytic intermediates showed that only the lactate content of muscles from septic rats was significantly elevated in sepsis. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that sepsis enhances glucose uptake secondary to increased Glut-1 expression. Furthermore, once transported, glucose may be preferentially metabolized to lactate.
|
['Animals', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Transporter Type 1', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Glycogen', 'Male', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Sepsis']
| 7,656,063
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation of cerebellar granule cells from neonatal rats.
|
Cerebellar Granule Cells in Neurotoxicology (Jan Oberdoerster, Aventis Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina). Cultured neurons allow the researcher to investigate mechanisms of toxicity on a relatively uniform population of cells. Primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells are post-mitotic neurons that are readily isolated and may be used for experimental procedures including electrophysiology, neuronal maturation, and various biochemical and molecular analyses.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cell Separation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebellum', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 23,045,036
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tighter precision target required for lactate testing in patients with lactic acidosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Allowable analytic errors are generally based on biologic variation in normal, healthy subjects. Some analytes like blood lactate have low concentrations in healthy individuals and resultant allowable variation is large when expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). In Ric?s' compendium of biologic variation, the relative pooled intra-individual lactate variation (si) averages 27% and the desirable imprecision becomes 13.5%. We derived biologic variability (sb) from consecutive patient data and demonstrate that sb of lactate is significantly lower.METHODS: A data repository provided lactate results measured over 18 months in the General Systems intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada. In total 54,000 lactate measurements were made on two point-of-care Radiometer 800 blood gas systems operated by Respiratory Therapy. The standard deviations of duplicates (SDD) were tabulated for the intra-patient lactates that were separated by 0-1, 1-2...up to 16 h. The graphs of SDD vs. time interval were approximately linear; the y-intercept provided by the linear regression represents the sum of sb and short-term analytic variation (sa):y₀=(sa²+sb²)½. The short-term sa was determined from imprecisions provided by Radiometer and confirmed with onsite controls. The derivation of sb was performed for multiple patient ranges of lactate.RESULTS: The relative desirable lactate imprecision for patients with lactic acidosis is about half that of normal individuals.CONCLUSIONS: As such, evaluations of lactate measurements must use tighter allowable error limits.
|
['Acidosis, Lactic', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Lactic Acid', 'Reference Values']
| 24,399,677
|
[['C18.452.076.176.180'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Alleviating constipation in the elderly improves lower urinary tract symptoms.
|
BACKGROUND: Constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) very frequently occur in the elderly, and several reports have suggested that dysfunction in either one of these systems may affect the other. Most studies correlating rectal and bladder dysfunction, however, have been carried out in children or young women.OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of alleviating constipation on LUTS in the elderly.METHODS: Fifty-two patients aged 65-89 (mean 72 +/- 13) years with chronic constipation and LUTS participated in this prospective cohort study. Before treatment of constipation was initiated and on their monthly visits, patients completed a questionnaire regarding their constipation pattern, urinary symptoms, sexual function and mood, and underwent urinalysis. Urinary tract anatomy and residual urine were evaluated by abdominal ultrasound at the commencement and completion of the study. Patients were followed up for 4 months.RESULTS: Treatment of constipation increased the number of weekly defecations from 1.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.7 +/- 1.2 (p < 0.001). Patients spent less time on the toilet (25 +/- 2.1 versus 63 +/- 1.9 min, p < 0.0001). Fewer patients reported urgency (16 versus 34, p < 0.001), frequency (25 versus 47, p < 0.001) and burning sensation during urination (6 versus 17, p < 0.05). There was improvement in the scoring of urgency, frequency and burning sensation (from a baseline of 52 to 126, 131 and 95, respectively, p < 0.001). Urinary stream disturbances improved in 32 of the 52 patients (p < 0.001). Residual urine volume decreased from 85 +/- 39.5 to 30 +/- 22.56 ml (p < 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in the number of patients with bacteriurial events (5 versus 17, p < 0.001), and an improvement in sexual activity and mood (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that medical relief of constipation significantly improves LUTS in the elderly which, in turn, improves the patient's mood, sexual activity and quality of life.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chronic Disease', 'Constipation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Tract', 'Urologic Diseases']
| 11,287,730
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A05.810'], ['C12.777', 'C13.351.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Screening mammography and Pap tests among older American women 1996-2000: results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD).
|
BACKGROUND: We wanted to determine the frequency of self-reported receipt of screening mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests in older women and investigate important predictors of utilization, based on 2 national longitudinal surveys.METHODS: This cohort study includes participants from 4 waves (1994-2000) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)--5,942 women aged 50 to 61 years, and 4 waves (1993-2000) of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) survey--4,543 women aged 70 years and older. The self-reported receipt of screening mammograms and Pap smears in the most recent 2 years were reported in 1996 and 2000 for HRS, with predictors of receipt measured in 1994 and 1998. In AHEAD, the self-reported receipt of screening mammograms and Pap smears in the most recent 2 years were reported in 1995 and 2000, with predictors of receipt measured in 1993 and 1998.RESULTS: Receipt of mammography is stable at 70% to 80% among women aged 50 to 64 years, then declines to around 40% among those aged 85 to 90 years. For Pap tests there is a decline from 75% among women aged 50 to 54 years to 25% in those aged 85 to 90 years. For both mammography and Pap tests, the rates increased in all groups from 1995/1996 to 2000. Higher education, being married, higher income, not smoking, and vigorous exercise were consistently associated with higher rates of receipt.CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of mammography and Pap tests for screening declines into old age, use has been increasing recently. The large and increasing number of tests performed might not be justified given the lack of evidence of effect in older age-groups.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Risk', 'United States', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 15,055,410
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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Immunopathologic features of Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis in the rat.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical, histopathologic and immunologic responses to Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rat model.METHODS: Experimental rats received an intravitreal injection of viable S. epidermidis (7000 organisms), while control rats received sterile saline. The clinical scores, cellular infiltrate in vitreous, and levels of serum and vitreous IgM, IgG and IgA to glycerol teichoic acid (GTA), the major antigenic determinant of S. epidermidis cell wall, were all measured from day 1 to day 30 after injection.RESULTS: The ocular inflammation was largely resolved by day 14. The red reflex was abolished in 50% of rats between days 3 and 10. The bacteria were cleared from the vitreous by day 7. In vitreous, the neutrophils peaked at day 1 and decreased by day 7, and plasma cells were seen between days 1 and 3. Presence of B cells (CD45+/CD3-) was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of pooled vitreous humor. IgM and IgG but not IgA antibodies to GTA were found in vitreous of injected eyes. The peak of anti-GTA IgM was observed in vitreous of S. epidermidis-infected rats on day 1 and declined by day 7. In contrast to vitreous antibodies, serum anti-GTA IgM antibodies were significantly elevated throughout the course of S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. A weak IgG but no IgA response were observed in serum. Anti-GTA antibodies were also found in low level in normal sera but not in normal vitreous.CONCLUSIONS: The vitreous antibodies may be involved in neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis leading to 'spontaneous sterility' of the bacteria, and may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of staphylococcal endophthalmitis in the rat.
|
['Animals', 'Anterior Eye Segment', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Endophthalmitis', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Eye Infections, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Teichoic Acids', 'Vitreous Body']
| 9,330,856
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['C01.375.265', 'C11.294.265'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['C01.150.252.289', 'C01.375.354', 'C11.294.354'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.343', 'B03.353.500.750.750.343', 'B03.510.100.750.750.343', 'B03.510.400.790.750.343'], ['D09.408.872', 'D09.698.718.825', 'D09.894.847', 'D23.050.161.616.797'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A computational model of stem cell molecular mechanism to maintain tissue homeostasis.
|
Stem cells, with their capacity to self-renew and to differentiate to more specialized cell types, play a key role to maintain homeostasis in adult tissues. To investigate how, in the dynamic stochastic environment of a tissue, non-genetic diversity and the precise balance between proliferation and differentiation are achieved, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of the stem cells in decision making process. By focusing on the impact of stochasticity, we proposed a computational model describing the regulatory circuitry as a tri-stable dynamical system to reveal the mechanism which orchestrate this balance. Our model explains how the distribution of noise in genes, linked to the cell regulatory networks, affects cell decision-making to maintain homeostatic state. The noise effect on tissue homeostasis is achieved by regulating the probability of differentiation and self-renewal through symmetric and/or asymmetric cell divisions. Our model reveals, when mutations due to the replication of DNA in stem cell division, are inevitable, how mutations contribute to either aging gradually or the development of cancer in a short period of time. Furthermore, our model sheds some light on the impact of more complex regulatory networks on the system robustness against perturbations.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Self Renewal', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Stem Cells']
| 32,730,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220.235', 'G04.161.750.500.375', 'G05.113.415', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hearing from parents: the impact of receiving the diagnosis of Williams syndrome in their child.
|
Healthcare providers often share difficult or life-altering news with their patients yet this challenging and delicate process is frequently met with dissatisfaction by those receiving this news. Articles and guidelines exist to aid providers in sharing diagnoses such as Down syndrome, but relatively few have focused on rare genetic conditions often diagnosed years after birth. For this reason, we sought to learn about the experience of receiving a diagnosis from parents of children with Williams syndrome. We asked members of the Williams Syndrome Association to complete an anonymous online survey about recollections related to the diagnostic process. Responses, both close-ended and open-ended, were received from 600 families across the United States. Analysis revealed a high proportion of families (59.91%) with at least some negative recollections about the experience (and nearly half of those with negative recollections denied recalling anything positive). Factors influencing a more positive overall perception of the experience included receiving written information about Williams syndrome and seeing a genetic counselor. Analysis of open-ended responses identified additional positive and negative themes; for example, nearly one quarter of respondents expressed a desire to be given hope when receiving the diagnosis. Based on these analyses, we offer several specific recommendations for improving the diagnostic process in the future.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disabled Children', 'Expressed Emotion', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Middle Aged', 'Parents', 'Patient Preference', 'Perception', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Truth Disclosure', 'United States', 'Williams Syndrome', 'Young Adult']
| 23,401,422
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.150.200'], ['F01.829.197'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['F02.463.593'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['F01.829.401.046.800', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C10.597.606.360.970', 'C14.280.484.048.750.535.960', 'C16.131.260.970', 'C16.320.180.970'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Changes in Transcranial Ultrasound Velocities in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy.
|
Objectives (1) To assess for changes in cerebral blood flow velocity in children with sickle cell disease and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following adenotonsillectomy. (2) To determine if clinical factors such as OSA severity affect cerebral blood flow velocity values. Study Design Case series with chart review over 10 years. Settings Two tertiary children's hospitals. Subjects and Methods Children aged 2 to 18 years with a history of sickle cell disease and OSA, as defined by an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) >1 on polysomnography, were eligible for inclusion. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to assess cerebral blood flow velocity before and after adenotonsillectomy. Results Fifteen patients met inclusion criteria; 73% (n = 11) were female. The mean preoperative AHI was 8.9 (range, 1.2-22.2). Six (40%) patients had severe OSA (AHI >10). Following adenotonsillectomy, there was a significant reduction in mean (95% CI) cerebral blood flow velocities of the left terminal internal cerebral artery, 91.2 (79.4-103.1) to 75.7 (61.7-89.8; P = .018), and the right middle cerebral artery, 134.3 (119.2-149.3) to 116.5 (106.5-126.5; P = .003). There was not a significant correlation between baseline AHI and change in cerebral blood flow velocities. Conclusion Adenotonsillectomy may result in a reduction in some cerebral blood flow velocities. Further research is needed to determine if changes in cerebral velocities as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography translate into a reduced risk of stroke for children with sickle cell disease and OSA.
|
['Adenoidectomy', 'Adolescent', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Tonsillectomy', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial']
| 29,405,840
|
[['E04.580.068'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['E04.580.848'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260.850', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.850.870', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260.850', 'E05.629.937.260.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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