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Involvement of the nipple in early carcinoma of the breast.
|
Cancerous involvement of the nipple and subareolar tissue (nipple and areolar complex, NAC) was confirmed histopathologically in 24 of 65 patients with gross tumors measuring 2.5 centimeters or less. Erosion of the nipple as a clinical manifestation of involvement of NAC was seen in only two patients. The other 22 were all subclinical. The histologic form of involvement of NAC included intraductal-1 in 19 patients, stromal in one patient, lymphatic in two patients and intraductal-1 as well as stromal in two. Stepcut and serial observation of the whole breast suggested that both intraductal spread and stromal invasion of carcinoma were continuous processes from the underlying tumor. Involvement of NAC was more frequent if the patient was aged 50 years or less and if the proximity of the tumor to the nipple was less than 4 centimeters, regardless of the size of the tumor.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mastectomy, Modified Radical', 'Mastectomy, Radical', 'Middle Aged', 'Nipples', "Paget's Disease, Mammary", 'Prognosis']
| 2,537,537
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E04.466.678.476'], ['E04.466.678'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.236.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.187.500', 'C04.557.470.615.275.625'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Nitric oxide in the crustacean brain: regulation of neurogenesis and morphogenesis in the developing olfactory pathway.
|
Nitric oxide (NO) plays major roles during development and in adult organisms. We examined the temporal and spatial patterns of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) appearance in the embryonic lobster brain to localize sources of NO activity; potential NO targets were identified by defining the distribution of NO-induced cGMP. Staining patterns are compared with NOS and cyclic 3,5 guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) distribution in adult lobster brains. Manipulation of NO levels influences olfactory glomerular formation and stabilization, as well as levels of neurogenesis among the olfactory projection neurons. In the first 2 days following ablation of the lateral antennular flagella in juvenile lobsters, a wave of increased NOS immunoreactivity and a reduction in neurogenesis occur. These studies implicate nitric oxide as a developmental architect and also support a role for this molecule in the neural response to injury in the olfactory pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Morphogenesis', 'Nephropidae', 'Neurons', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Serotonin', 'Synapsins']
| 17,948,307
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.152'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['G07.345.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.776.631.750', 'D12.776.744.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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|
The ISKDC classification and a new semiquantitative classification for predicting outcomes of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis.
|
BACKGROUND: Histological findings from primary kidney biopsies were correlated with patient outcomes in a national cohort of paediatric Henoch-Sch?nlein nephritis (HSN) patients.METHODS: Primary kidney biopsies from 53 HSN patients were re-evaluated using the ISKDC (International Study of Kidney Disease in Children) classification and a modified semiquantitative classification (SQC) that scores renal findings and also takes into account activity, chronicity and tubulointerstitial indices. The ISKDC and SQC classifications were evaluated comparatively in four outcome groups: no signs of renal disease (outcome A, n = 27), minor urinary abnormalities (outcome B, n = 18), active renal disease (outcome C, n = 3) and renal insufficiency, end-stage renal disease or succumbed due to HSN (outcome D, n = 5). For the receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses, outcomes A and B were considered to be favourable and outcomes C and D to be unfavourable. The median follow-up time was 7.3 years.RESULTS: The patients with an unfavourable outcome (C and D), considered together due to low patient numbers, had significantly higher total biopsy SQC scores and activity indices than those who had a favourable one (groups A and B). The chronicity and tubulointerstitial indices differed significantly only between group C + D and group A. The difference in areas under the curve between the total biopsy SQC scores and ISKDC findings was 0.15 [p = 0.04, normal-based 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.007-0.29, bias-controlled 95% CI -0.004 to 0.28].CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the modified SQC is more sensitive than ISKDC classification for predicting the outcome in HSN cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Nephritis', 'Prognosis', 'Proteinuria', 'Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 28,197,887
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['C12.777.419.570', 'C13.351.968.419.570'], ['E01.789'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['C14.907.940.777', 'C15.378.100.802.375', 'C15.378.463.515.580', 'C20.543.520.600', 'C23.550.414.950.375', 'C23.888.885.687.375'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Structure-based sequence alignment of three AdoMet-dependent DNA methyltransferases.
|
M.HhaI, M.TaqI and COMT are DNA methyltransferases (MTases) which catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor AdoMet to C5 of cytosine, to N6 of adenine and to a hydroxyl group of catechol, respectively. The larger catalytic domains of the bilobal proteins, M.HhaI and M.TaqI, and the entire single domain of COMT have an alpha/beta structure containing a mixed central beta-sheet. These domains have very similar folding. By allowing appropriate 'insertions' or 'deletions' in the backbones of the three structures, it was possible to find more conserved motifs in M.TaqI and COMT. The similarity in protein folding and the equivalence of amino-acid sequences revealed by the structural alignment indicate that many AdoMet-dependent MTases may share a common catalytic domain structure.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Catechol O-Methyltransferase', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA-Cytosine Methylases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'S-Adenosylmethionine', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 7,607,477
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.250'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D02.886.030.676.180', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.264', 'D12.125.166.676.180', 'D13.570.583.138.264', 'D13.570.800.096.264'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The differential effects of lateral midbrain lesions on the two phases of formalin pain.
|
Lesions were placed in the lateral midbrain (LM) to determine the effects of disruption of paleo- and neospinothalamic systems, at the level of the midbrain, on the biphasic tonic pain response induced by formalin. During the first phase of formalin pain, subjects with LM lesions exhibited significantly less pain responding than did unoperated controls or subjects with lesions at another site, the habenula. During the second phase, there were no significant differences in pain responding among the three groups. The results suggest that the two phases are mediated by different neural substrates and specifically that Phase 2 appears to involve either neural substrates caudal to our LM lesions or sites rostral to the lesions but accessible via a more medial path.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Formaldehyde', 'Hindlimb', 'Mesencephalon', 'Pain', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Time Factors']
| 1,421,113
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.047.407'], ['A13.473'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathology and correction of the stenosed nasal vestibule.
|
Stenosis of the nasal vestibule is a frequent cause of nasal obstruction. An anatomical study of the region will enable one to understand the physiopathology of the stenosis of the floor of the vestibule which frequently accompanies septal deformities in the premaxilla region, or which occurs after septal surgery. The correction of this circumferential stenosis has been handled satisfactorily by the use of a "Z" plasty of the floor of the vestibule. Pertinent anatomical material, schematic drawings, and clinical cases are presented.
|
['Airway Obstruction', 'Humans', 'Methods', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nasal Septum', 'Nose Deformities, Acquired', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 691,092
|
[['C08.618.846.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['A04.531.449'], ['A04.531.591'], ['C08.460.619', 'C09.603.619'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three New Malyngamides from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorea producens.
|
Three new compounds of the malyngamide series, 6,8-di-O-acetylmalyngamide 2 (1), 6-O-acetylmalyngamide 2 (2), and N-demethyl-isomalyngamide I (3), were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization and degradation. These compounds stimulated glucose uptake in cultured L6 myotubes. In particular, 6,8-di-O-acetylmalyngamide 2 (1) showed potent activity and activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
|
['Amides', 'Animals', 'Aquatic Organisms', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Lipopeptides', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrroles', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 29,186,048
|
[['D02.065'], ['B01.050'], ['B05.080', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650.075'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['D10.477', 'D12.644.365'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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| 0
|
Identification of lactate as a driving force for prostanoid transport by prostaglandin transporter PGT.
|
We previously characterized the prostaglandin (PG) transporter PGT as an exchanger in which [(3)H]PGE(2) influx is coupled to the efflux of a countersubstrate. Here, we cultured HeLa cells that stably expressed human PGT under conditions known to favor glycolysis (glucose as a carbon source) or oxidative phosphorylation (glutamine as a carbon source) and studied the effect on PGT-mediated [(3)H]PGE(2) influx. PGT-expressing cells grown in glutamine exhibited a 2- to 4-fold increase in [(3)H]PGE(2) influx compared with the antisense control, whereas cells grown in glucose exhibited a 14-fold increase. In the presence of 10 vs. 25 mM glucose during the uptake, there was a dose-dependent increment in [(3)H]PGE(2) influx. Cis inhibition of [(3)H]PGE(2) influx occurred with lactate at physiological concentrations (apparent K(m) = 48 +/- 12 mM). Preloading with lactate caused a dose-dependent trans stimulation of PGT-mediated [(3)H]PGE(2) uptake, and external lactate caused trans stimulation of PGT-mediated [(3)H]PGE(2) release. Together, these data are consistent with PGT-mediated PG-lactate exchange. Cells engaged in glycolysis would then be poised energetically for prostanoid uptake by means of PGT.
|
['Antiporters', 'Biological Transport', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Dinoprostone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucose', 'Glutamine', 'Glycolysis', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Organic Anion Transporters', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Prostaglandins', 'Transfection']
| 11,997,326
|
[['D12.776.157.530.450.162', 'D12.776.543.550.190', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D09.254.229'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.297'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A phase II multicentered, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial of the stroke self-management program.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The benefits of chronic disease self-management programs for stroke survivors are uncertain because individuals with severe impairments have been excluded from previous research. We undertook a phase II randomized controlled trial to determine whether a self-management program designed for survivors (SSMP; 8 weeks) was safe and feasible compared to standard care (control) or a generic self-management program (generic; 6 weeks).METHODS: Stroke survivors were recruited from 7 South Australian hospitals via a letter or indirectly (eg, newspapers). Eligible participants were randomized at a 1:1:1 ratio of 50 per group. Primary outcomes were recruitment, participation, and participant safety. Secondary outcomes were positive and active engagement in life using the Health Education Impact Questionnaire and characteristics of quality of life and mood at 6 months from program completion.RESULTS: Of 315 people screened, 149 were eligible and 143 were randomized (48 SSMP, 47 generic, 48 control); mean age was 69 years (SD, 11) and 59% were female. Demographic features were similar between groups and 41% had severe cognitive impairment; 57% accessed the interventions, with 52% SSMP and 38% generic completing >50% of sessions (P=0.18). Thirty-two participants reported adverse events (7 control, 12 generic, 13 SSMP; P=0.3; 34% severe); however, none was attributable to the interventions. Potential benefits for improved mood were found.CONCLUSIONS: SSMP was safe and feasible. Benefits of the stroke-specific program over the generic program included greater participation and completion rates. An efficacy trial is warranted given the forecast growth in the stroke population and improved survival trends.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Australia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Care', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Standard of Care', 'Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,493,910
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['N04.761.789.900', 'N05.715.840'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Light-triggered thermoelectric conversion based on a carbon nanotube-polymer hybrid gel.
|
Lights? Nanotubes? Action! A hydrogel comprising lysozymes, poly(ethylene glycol), phospholipids, and functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes is employed for light-driven thermoelectric conversion. A photoinduced thermoelectric conversion module based on the hydrogel functions as a novel electric power generator (see image). This concept may find application in various industries, such as robotics and aerospace engineering.
|
['Electricity', 'Gels', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Polymers', 'Temperature']
| 19,455,558
|
[['G01.358.500.249'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G02.740'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vitellogenin is not an appropriate biomarker of feminisation in a crustacean.
|
The expression of the yolk protein vitellogenin (Vtg) has been used as a biomarker of feminisation in multiple fish species throughout the world. Since the late 1990s, researchers have attempted to develop similar biomarkers to address whether reproductive endocrine disruption also occurs in the males of invertebrate groups such as the Crustacea. To date, the vast majority of studies investigating Vtg induction in male Crustacea have resulted in negative or inconclusive results, leading researchers to question the utility of Vtg expression as a biomarker in this taxon. This study measured the expression of Vtg genes in two intersex phenotypes (termed internal and external) found in the male amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus, and compared them with those of normal males and females. Males presenting the external intersex phenotype are infected with known feminising parasites and display a variety of feminised traits including oviduct structures on their testes and external female brood plates (oostegites). The internal intersex male phenotype, that displays a pronounced oviduct structure on the testes without the external intersex characteristics, is not parasite infected and it is thought to be a result of environmental contamination. Given their morphology, these phenotypes might be considered highly 'feminised' or 'de-masculinised' and can be utilised to test the suitability of feminisation biomarkers. The E. marinus transcriptome was searched for genes resembling Vtg and two sequences were revealed, that we subsequently refer to as Vtg1 and Vtg2. Results from a high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing screen of gonadal cDNA libraries suggested that very low expression (in this manuscript gene transcription is taken to represent gene expression, although it is acknowledged that in addition to transcription, translation, transcript processing, mRNA stability and protein stability can regulate gene expression) of Vtg1 and Vtg2 in normal males (ESTs=1 and 0 for Vtg1 and Vtg2, respectively), internal intersex males (ESTs=0 for both Vtg sequences) and external intersex males (ESTs=5 and 0 for Vtg1 and Vtg2, respectively). In contrast, the sequencing suggested notable levels of expression of both Vtg genes in females (ESTs=1133 and 84 for Vtg1 and Vtg2, respectively). Subsequent qPCR analysis validates these expression levels, with the signal for Vtg1 and Vtg2 transcripts in all male phenotypes being indistinguishable from that caused by contamination of trace levels of genomic DNA or the low-level amplification non-target sequences. These findings suggest that Vtg expression is not notably induced in highly feminised amphipods and is therefore not an appropriate biomarker of feminisation/de-masculination in crustaceans. We discuss our findings in the context of previous attempts to measure Vtg in male crustaceans and suggest a requirement for more appropriate taxon-specific biomarkers to monitor feminisation in these groups.
|
['Amphipoda', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Hepatopancreas', 'Invertebrates', 'Male', 'Ovary', 'Testis', 'Transcriptome', 'Vitellogenins']
| 24,342,352
|
[['B01.050.500.131.365.055'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['A13.463'], ['B01.050.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['D12.776.093.500.925', 'D12.776.290.812.500', 'D12.776.744.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
WCST performance and schizotypal features in the first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
|
Since the findings concerning the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia are equivocal, it still remains unclear whether the WCST may serve as a neuropsychological indicator of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the first-degree relatives' schizotypal features could account for these discrepancies. The subjects were 24 schizophrenic probands, 49 of their first-degree relatives and 41 normal controls. The computerized version of the WCST was used and schizotypy features were assessed using four of Chapman's scales. The patient group performed worse on the WCST and had higher scores of schizotypy than the control group. The relatives group did not significantly differ from the control, neither on the WCST performance nor on the scores of schizotypy. However, the subgroup of relatives and the subgroup of patients with high scores on the negative dimension of schizotypy showed a worse performance on the WCST than the subgroups with low scores. There were no differences on the WCST performance between the subgroups with high vs. low scores on the positive dimension of schizotypy. Thus, discrepancies across studies could be explained by a confounding factor represented by the negative dimension of schizotypy.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Risk', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Schizotypal Personality Disorder']
| 11,711,167
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['F03.675.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term evaluation of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of salivary stones.
|
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a rather new therapeutical method in the treatment of sialolithiasis. The objective was to evaluate retrospectively the results of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy therapy performed with a Minilith SL 1 lithotripter on 167 out-patients with symptomatic stones (average size 5.94 mm) of the salivary glands over an observation period of seven years. A successful treatment with total stone disintegration was achieved in 51 (31 per cent) patients. In 92 (55 per cent) patients treatment was partially successful, with disappearance of the symptoms but a sonographically still identifiable stone. Treatment failure occurred in 24 (14 per cent) patients who then underwent surgery. The mean follow-up period was 35.6 months (minimum three, maximum 83), after which 83.2 per cent of the initially successfully treated patients were still free of symptoms.Therefore, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, as a non-invasive treatment alternative with few side effects, is an efficient technique for the therapy of sialolithiasis in selected patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parotid Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Salivary Gland Calculi', 'Submandibular Gland Diseases', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,466,089
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.600', 'E04.943.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.815.470'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C07.465.815.497.500', 'C23.300.175.700.500'], ['C07.465.815.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protein kinase C (calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase) in developing chick heart: selective localization to atrium versus ventricle and changes in activity levels during cardiogenesis.
|
Activity levels of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase were examined in preparations of atria and ventricles from embryonic chick hearts at various stages of development. Activity of protein kinase C was much higher in atria than ventricles. Protein kinase C activity underwent a progressive increase in atria during cardiogenesis, being highest just prior to hatching, followed by a profound decrease in activity after hatching. In contrast, activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A), while also higher in atria than ventricles, remained relatively constant at the developmental stages examined, likewise decreasing following hatching. These progressive changes in atrial protein kinase C activity suggest a potential regulatory role for this enzyme in cardiogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Chick Embryo', 'Heart', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Myocardium', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats']
| 3,179,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.358'], ['A07.541.560'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The esophageal tracheal Combitube (ETC): animal experiment results with a new emergency tube].
|
Prompt and effective ventilation, essential for patients with cardiopulmonary arrest, may be provided by a new airway for emergency resuscitation. The "Esophageal Tracheal Combitube (ETC)" offers endotracheal or esophageal obturator ventilation according to choice. Ventilation is therefore always possible after blind intubation. Experimental studies in dogs showed encouraging results during oesophageal placement of the ETC; blood gas analyses and cardiovascular parameters, in particular, were comparable to conventional endotracheal ventilation. Satisfying results were achieved during routine surgical operations in humans. We intend to use the ETC as a device for emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. It is especially suitable for medical personnel not trained in endotracheal intubation. The ETC has been conceived to bridge the gap of the prehospital phase.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Dogs', 'Emergencies', 'Equipment Design', 'Esophagus', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Intubation', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Partial Pressure', 'Resuscitation', 'Time Factors']
| 3,631,466
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['E05.320'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E02.585', 'E05.497'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['E02.365.647'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Role of phospholipase A2 in the induction of drip loss in porcine muscle.
|
The role of phospholipase A2 in the induction of drip loss from pig muscle has been investigated. In samples from porcine M. longissimus dorsi, total PLA2 activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of the group VIA iPLA2 (iPLA2-VIA) increased during the initial 4 h post-mortem period. Morphological studies of porcine muscle showed that at 4 h post-mortem, gaps had formed between muscle fibers and that the sarcolemma membrane borders appeared blurred. At the same time iPLA2-VIA protein levels were increased inside muscle fibers and at the sarcolemma. iPLA2-VIA mRNA abundance in samples from different breeds of pigs with variations in drip loss revealed no clear correlation between drip loss level and iPLA2-VIA expression. Together, these data indicate that during the post-mortem period, iPLA2-VIA expression and activity is increased at the muscle fiber membranes. PLA2 activity may affect membrane permeability and consequently the progression of drip formation in porcine muscle.
|
['Animals', 'Body Water', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Postmortem Changes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Swine']
| 17,288,434
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.200'], ['G02.300'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection of Chinese rhesus macaques.
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common communicable infectious disease worldwide and the top killer of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people. Because of common dual HIV and M. tuberculosis infections, the emergence of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the lack of effective vaccination, the morbidity, and the mortality of M. tuberculosis infection are increasing sharply. Therefore, there is an urgent need for vaccine and drug development against M. tuberculosis infection. These require appropriate animal models that closely resemble human disease. To this end, we infected Chinese rhesus macaques with the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Bronchoscopy was used to inoculate nine monkeys with different doses of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Regardless of the M. tuberculosis dose, all monkeys were infected successfully. This was shown by clinical, laboratory, and histopathology assessments. Among nine infected monkeys, six developed acute rapid progressive tuberculosis and the remaining animals mirrored early-stage chronic disease. These data, taken together, demonstrate that Chinese rhesus macaques are highly susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection and develop similar manifestations of disease that are seen in humans. This model affords new opportunities for studies of M. tuberculosis disease pathology and therapeutics.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 20,938,809
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prognostic significance of cerebral status: dimensions of clinical outcome.
|
This report examines the relationship between a set of neurobehavioral predictor variables (premorbid cognitive-perceptual abilities, sensorimotor functions, and complex integrative skills) and three dimensions of clinical outcome (social outcome, work functioning, and rehospitalization) 2 years after discharge from inpatient treatment for a group of psychiatric disorders. Results indicated the strongest relationship was between premorbid ability levels and work performance, particularly maintaining stability of employment or work role function. This finding is discussed from the standpoint of neurological processes underlying early acquisition of basic cognitive-perceptual skills in the prediction of outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Patient Readmission', 'Prognosis', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Social Adjustment']
| 1,919,555
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N01.824.245'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['E01.789'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F01.145.813.621']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of both cutaneous input from the foot soles and visual information on the control of postural stability in dyslexic children.
|
Dyslexic children show impaired in postural stability. The aim of our study was to test the influence of foot soles and visual information on the postural control of dyslexic children, compared to non-dyslexic children. Postural stability was evaluated with TechnoConcept® platform in twenty-four dyslexic children (mean age: 9.3±0.29years) and in twenty-four non-dyslexic children, gender- and age-matched, in two postural conditions (with and without foam: a 4-mm foam was put under their feet or not) and in two visual conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). We measured the surface area, the length and the mean velocity of the center of pressure (CoP). Moreover, we calculated the Romberg Quotient (RQ). Our results showed that the surface area, length and mean velocity of the CoP were significantly greater in the dyslexic children compared to the non-dyslexic children, particularly with foam and eyes closed. Furthermore, the RQ was significantly smaller in the dyslexic children and significantly greater without foam than with foam. All these findings suggest that dyslexic children are not able to compensate with other available inputs when sensorial inputs are less informative (with foam, or eyes closed), which results in poor postural stability. We suggest that the impairment of the cerebellar integration of all the sensorial inputs is responsible for the postural deficits observed in dyslexic children.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Cues', 'Dyslexia', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postural Balance', 'Spatio-Temporal Analysis', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 28,544,952
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.300', 'C10.597.606.150.550.200', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.300', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550.200', 'F03.625.562.400'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E05.318.740.933.500', 'N05.715.360.750.746.500', 'N06.850.520.830.933.500'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Microscopic analysis of an opacified OFT CRYL® hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens.
|
A 51-year-old patient underwent posterior vitrectomy with perfluoropropane gas injection, phacoemulsification, and implantation of an Oft Cryl® hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) because of traumatic retinal detachment and cataract in the right eye. On the first postoperative day, gas was filling the anterior chamber because of patient's non-compliance in terms of head positioning, and was reabsorbed within one week. Eight months later, the patient returned complaining of a significant decrease in vision. IOL opacification was noticed by slit-lamp examination. The lens was explanted to undergo gross and light microscopic analysis. The lens was also stained with the alizarin red method for calcium identification. Light microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of granular deposits, densely distributed in an overall circular pattern in the central part of the lens optic. The granules stained positive for calcium. This is the first case of the opacification of this type of hydrophilic lens. Surgeons should be aware of this potential postoperative complication, and the use of hydrophilic IOLs should be avoided in procedures involving intracameral gas because of the risk of IOL opacification.
|
['Device Removal', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Microscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Vitrectomy']
| 27,626,152
|
[['E04.199'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E04.540.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Complex catecholaminergic modulation of the stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 beta on the corticotropic axis.
|
We recently showed that bilateral neurotoxic microlesions (6-OH-DA) of the ventral noradrenergic ascending bundle (VNAB-X) at stereotaxic coordinates that blocked corticotropic stress responses did not affect the ACTH surge after bilateral intra-paraventricular (i.PVN) injections of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and that lesioning at these stereotaxic coordinates obliterated the dorsal axonal populations of the VNAB (dVNAB-X), but spared the bundle's most ventral axons (vVNAB). The present study compares the effects of IL-1 beta given i.PVN (2 x 5 ng) of intra-arterially (i.a.) (100 ng) on plasma ACTH in rats with bilateral 6-OH-DA microlesions placed in the dVNAB or the vVNAB, or in an intermediary central position (cVNAB-X). Unlike our previous results, in which dVNAB-X did not alter the biphasic ACTH response to i.PVN IL-1 beta, both vVNAB-X and cVNAB-X reduced by 50-75% the early and delayed ACTH surges which are typical of the i.PVN route. On the other hand the swift monophasic ACTH surge usually occurring after an i.a. injection of IL-1 beta was 65% smaller after dVNAB-X, but was doubled after vVNAB-X or cVNAB-X. Hence, the release of ACTH after both i.PVN or i.a. IL-1 beta requires brainstem afferences conveyed to the hypothalamus by the VNAB. However, the VNAB appears to include at least two functionally different subsets of axons, the roles of which in the ACTH response to IL-1 beta depend on the route by which the cytokine is given.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Catecholamines', 'Injections', 'Injections, Intra-Arterial', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Oxidopamine', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 8,281,441
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['E02.319.267.530.370'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Postexercise hypotension during different water-based concurrent training intrasession sequences in young women.
|
The purpose of the study was to compare the acute effects of water-based resistance-aerobic (RA) and aerobic-resistance (AR) sequences on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) in young women. Thirteen active women participated in four sessions: (1) exercises familiarization, (2) aquatic maximal test to determine the heart rate (HR) corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (HRAT), (3) concurrent protocol RA, and (4) concurrent protocol AR. Both protocols were initiated with the blood pressure measurements at rest in supine position. After that, either RA or AR concurrent protocol was performed. At the end of both protocols, blood pressure was measured throughout 60 minutes (every 10 minutes). The water-based resistance protocol was made up by exercises at maximal velocity, and the water-based aerobic protocol was performed at ±5 bpm of HRAT continuously. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data (á = 0.05). There was no hypotensive effect on systolic blood pressure among the time points (P = .235) in both water-based intrasession exercise sequences (P = .423). Regarding the DBP and MBP, both intrasession exercise sequences presented similar (DBP: P = .980; MBP: P = .796) hypotensive effects in the first 10 minutes (DBP: P = .003; MBP: P = .008) at the end of RA and AR sessions (DBP: -4 vs. -13 mm Hg; MBP: -3 vs. -10 mm Hg). It was concluded that both RA and AR water-based concurrent training sessions resulted in postexercise hypotension (DBP and MBP) in normotensive young women.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Post-Exercise Hypotension', 'Random Allocation', 'Resistance Training', 'Time Factors', 'Water Sports', 'Young Adult']
| 28,865,866
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C10.177.575.600.537', 'C14.907.514.611'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['I03.450.642.845.945'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Where Will Pathologic Hip Fractures Go in a Value-based Hip Fracture Bundle?
|
INTRODUCTION: There has been a burgeoning interest for implementing bundled payments for hip fractures being treated with hemiarthroplasty, percutaneous pinning, and/or open reduction and internal fixation. Concerns exist about how hip fracture bundles may impede access to care for patients who require more resources, such as those with pathologic/neoplastic fractures.METHODS: The 2011 to 2017 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify patients undergoing percutaneous pinning, hemiarthroplasty, plate/screw, and intramedullary nail for hip fractures. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify notable differences in 30-day complications, readmissions, reoperations, mortality, length of stay, and nonhome discharges between native and pathologic/neoplastic hip fractures.RESULTS: A total of 67,548 patients were included-of which 378 (0.6%) had a pathologic/neoplastic hip fracture. Pathologic fractures (versus native hip fractures) had significantly higher odds of experiencing a prolonged length of stay >5 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.57), pulmonary embolism (OR 3.67), deep vein thrombosis (OR 2.03), 30-day readmissions (OR 1.43), and 30-day mortality (OR 2.66).DISCUSSION: Patients sustaining a pathologic/neoplastic hip fracture have a worse adverse event profile. Risk adjustment based on facture etiology will be necessary to ensure that providers taking care of pathologic/neoplastic fractures are appropriately reimbursed to minimize barriers to access of care for this vulnerable cohort.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Nails', 'Databases, Factual', 'Fee-for-Service Plans', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fractures, Spontaneous', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hemiarthroplasty', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Open Fracture Reduction', 'Patient Care Bundles', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,011,546
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N03.219.442.195', 'N03.219.521.710.305.090', 'N04.452.758.745.225'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['C26.404.374'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['E04.555.110.110.482', 'E04.650.110.482', 'E04.680.101.110.482'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E04.555.300.690'], ['E02.765'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide.
|
ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.
|
['Aluminum Oxide', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Catalysis', 'Kinetics', 'Methane', 'Nickel', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Temperature', 'X-Ray Diffraction', 'Zirconium']
| 15,137,662
|
[['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['G02.130'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Phenomenological model of the system for exact determination of target direction by the bat echolator].
|
A functional scheme of correlation treatment of an echosignal during the determination of a direction to the target by rats echolator is considered. The scheme proceeds from a suggestion that for an exact measurement of angle coordinates of the target the rat applies a location method of unisignal zones resulting from the pulsation of direction diagram when LFM impulse is emitted. Some considerations in favour of the suggested phenomenological model are presented. An experimental set-up which permits to test and specify the model is proposed.
|
['Animals', 'Chiroptera', 'Echolocation', 'Models, Biological', 'Orientation']
| 1,268,289
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['F01.145.113.055.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complete genome sequence of an isolate of Clerodendron yellow mosaic virus--a new begomovirus from India.
|
Clerodendron inerme, a common hedge plant grown in India, is affected by a yellow mosaic disease caused by a begomovirus. In the present study, the complete genome (DNA A) of this virus was cloned and sequenced. The total size of DNA A is 2760 nucleotides. The genome of this virus contains six open reading frames and a non-coding intergenic region of 293 nucleotides. Nucleotide sequence comparison analysis revealed maximum sequence identity with Papaya leaf curl virus-Pakistan [Pakistan:Cotton:2002] (73.9%). As this virus had less than 89% identity with other begomoviruses, it was identified as a new begomovirus species and tentatively, named as Clerodendron yellow mosaic virus-[India:New Delhi:2007] (ClYMV-[IN:ND:07]).
|
['Begomovirus', 'Clerodendrum', 'Genome, Viral', 'India', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Diseases', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 22,149,502
|
[['B04.280.350.100', 'B04.715.270.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.121'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G15.610'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
An investigation of a measure of twins' equal environments.
|
The equal environments assumption, which holds that trait-relevant environments are equally correlated among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, is essential to twin designs. Violations of this assumption could lead to biased parameter estimates in twin models. A variety of methods and measures have been used to test this assumption. No studies to date have evaluated the measurement invariance of such items or examined the distribution of the underlying equal environments trait. The current study was an investigation of the psychometric properties of a self-report measure of twins' equal environments. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that items loaded onto 'child' and 'teen' equal environments factors. Factor loadings and factor variances and their covariance were invariant for MZ and DZ twins; however, DZ twins had significantly lower factor means than MZ twins. Further, these items demonstrated adequate test-retest reliability. Lastly, the child and teen factors may be bimodally distributed, particularly for MZ twin pairs. Measurement invariance issues, as well as distributions of equal environments traits, should be considered when evaluating the equal environments assumption, in order to produce accurate parameter estimates in twin models.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Psychological', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Registries', 'Twins, Dizygotic', 'Twins, Monozygotic', 'Virginia']
| 18,179,396
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['M01.438.873.920'], ['M01.438.873.940'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.837', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.870']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Postoperative complications in acute abdomen: prospective study of 586 patients].
|
Septic complications were prospectively studied in 586 consecutive adult patients operated for acute abdominal conditions. The purpose was to identify the postoperative infectious problems and to correlate such findings with diagnostic syndrome and with mortality. The investigation was performed in the period of January 1981 to October 1986 and a specific protocol was designed, with data about identification, diagnosis, surgical treatment, infectious and general morbidity, as well as mortality. The distribution according to symptoms at admission, shows the following conditions: inflammatory disease--72.2% of the population; obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract--13.5%; perforative manifestations--11.0%; hemorrhagic conditions--3.3%. There were 138 infectious complications after surgery (65.4%), as compared with only 73 non-septic ones (34.6%). A significant association between inflammatory and perforative symptoms and postoperative sepsis could be demonstrated, when compared with patients admitted and operated for obstruction or hemorrhage. Among the former cases, patients already exhibiting signs of peritonitis suffered the highest number of surgical wound infections and intra-abdominal abscesses. Thirty two patients died, 27 (84.4%) in consequence of sepsis. It is concluded that sepsis was the main cause of morbidity and mortality in this series. Although fatal cases were equally distributed among the different diagnostic groups, infectious complications occurred more often after surgery for inflammatory and perforative emergencies, than after obstructive or hemorrhagic symptoms.
|
['Abdomen, Acute', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies']
| 2,135,361
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054.200', 'C23.888.821.030.249'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
mRNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins L12 and L10 and elongation factor Tu.
|
RNA extracted from growing Escherichia coli can direct the in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins L12 and L10 and elongation factor Tu when an E. coli system is used. The synthesized L12 can be bound to L12-depleted ribosomes and the synthesized elongation factor Tu can form complexes with both elongation factor Ts and GDP. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate has no effect on the synthesis of these proteins from an RNA template but inhibits their synthesis when a DNA template is used.
|
['Cell-Free System', 'Escherichia coli', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Guanosine Tetraphosphate', 'Immunoassay', 'Peptide Elongation Factors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Ribosomes']
| 341,155
|
[['A11.284.835.168'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.480', 'D13.695.667.454.480', 'D13.695.827.426.480'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.776.835.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.835'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-dose methylprednisolone for remission induction in children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
|
The effectiveness of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (HIVMP) in inducing an initial remission was examined in a child with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Dramatic clinical and hematological improvement with 7% marrow blasts was obtained in 3 weeks with HIVMP treatment without giving any other antileukemic drugs. Based on the results of this preliminary observation we suggest that high-dose methylprednisolone (20-30 mg/kg) might be a useful approach when applied as an initial short treatment in childhood ANLL.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Remission Induction']
| 2,731,596
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['E02.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Poor prognosis for mucin-producing Wilms' tumor.
|
This report describes two cousins with Wilms' tumor and mucin detected in the sera with rapidly fatal courses. A review of the literature reveals five additional reported cases of Wilms' tumor where mucin was observed in the sera. The patients in this report are similar to those previously reported in that all had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and four of five died within one year of diagnosis. Both the extent of disease at diagnosis at the poor response to therapy in these two cases, and those from the literature suggest that evidence of mucin production may indicate poor prognosis in Wilms' tumor. In addition, evidence is reviewed that mucin itself may contribute to a rapid tumor growth and metastases. The genetics of Wilms' tumor and familial nature of these cases is also discussed.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Mucins', 'Pedigree', 'Prognosis', 'Wilms Tumor']
| 6,317,163
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.395.560.631'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.557.435.595', 'C04.588.945.947.535.585', 'C04.700.900', 'C12.758.820.750.585', 'C12.777.419.473.585', 'C13.351.937.820.535.585', 'C13.351.968.419.473.585', 'C16.320.700.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Oral glutamine supplementation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated skeletal muscle protein content degradation in immobilized rats: Role of 70 kDa heat shock protein.
|
Skeletal muscle disuse results in myofibrillar atrophy and protein degradation, via inflammatory and oxidative stress-mediated NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Nutritional interventions, such as l-glutamine (GLN) supplementation have shown antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects through the modulation on the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) expression. However, these GLN-mediated effects on cell signaling pathways and biochemical mechanisms that control the myofibrillar protein content degradation in muscle disuse situations are poorly known yet. This study investigated the effects of oral GLN plus l-alanine (ALA; GLN + ALA-solution) supplementation, either in their free or dipeptide (L-alanyl-l-glutamine-DIP) form, on GLN-glutathione (GSH) axis and cytoprotection mediated by HSP70 protein expression in the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of rats submitted to 14-days of hindlimb immobilization-induced disuse muscle atrophy. Forty-eight Wistar rats were distributed into 6 groups: hindlimb immobilized (IMOB group) and hindlimb immobilized orally supplemented with either GLN (1 g kg-1) plus ALA (0.61 g kg-1) (GLN + ALA-IMOB group) or 1.49 g kg-1 of DIP (DIP-IMOB group) and; no-immobilized (CTRL) and no-immobilized supplemented GLN + ALA and DIP baselines groups. All animals, including CTRL and IMOB rats (water), were supplemented via intragastric gavage for 14 days, concomitantly to immobilization period. Plasma and muscle GLN levels, lipid (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARS) and protein (carbonyl) peroxidation, erythrocyte concentration of reduced GSH and GSH disulfide (GSSG), plasma and muscle pro-inflammatory TNF-á levels, muscle IKKá/â-NF-kB signaling pathway and, the myofibrillar protein content (MPC) were measured. The MPC was significantly lower in IMOB rats, compared to CTRL, GLN + ALA, and DIP animals (p < 0.05). This finding was associated with reduced plasma and muscle GLN concentration, equally in IMOB animals. Conversely, both GLN + ALA and DIP supplementation restored plasma and muscle GLN levels, which equilibrated GSH and intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH ratio) in erythrocytes and skeletal muscle even as, increased muscle HSP70 protein expression; attenuating oxidative stress and TNF-á-mediated NF-kB pathway activation, fact that reverberated on reduction of MPC degradation in GLN + ALA-IMOB and DIP-IMOB animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings shown herein support the oral GLN + ALA and DIP supplementations as a therapeutic and effective nutritional alternative to attenuate the deleterious effects of the skeletal muscle protein degradation induced by muscle disuse.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proteolysis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 31,505,269
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Movement-based estimation and visualization of space use in 3D for wildlife ecology and conservation.
|
Advances in digital biotelemetry technologies are enabling the collection of bigger and more accurate data on the movements of free-ranging wildlife in space and time. Although many biotelemetry devices record 3D location data with x, y, and z coordinates from tracked animals, the third z coordinate is typically not integrated into studies of animal spatial use. Disregarding the vertical component may seriously limit understanding of animal habitat use and niche separation. We present novel movement-based kernel density estimators and computer visualization tools for generating and exploring 3D home ranges based on location data. We use case studies of three wildlife species--giant panda, dugong, and California condor--to demonstrate the ecological insights and conservation management benefits provided by 3D home range estimation and visualization for terrestrial, aquatic, and avian wildlife research.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Birds', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Dugong', 'Ecology', 'Ecosystem', 'Female', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Telemetry', 'Ursidae']
| 24,988,114
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.998.125'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.761']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Preparation and characterization of self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of heparin using hydrophobic complexation by cationic polymer of â-cyclodextrin.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation of a self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of heparin.SIGNIFICANCE: Preparation of hydrophobic complexes between heparin as the hydrophilic macromolecule and cationic polymer of â-cyclodextrin (CPâCD) was considered for preparation of orally administered SNEDDS in which the drug incorporated in internal oil phase of O/W nano-droplets.METHODS: Hydrophobic complexes of heparin-CPâCD were prepared by electrostatic interaction. The lipophilic feature of complexes was characterized by determining their partition co-efficients. SNEDDS prototypes were prepared by mixing liquid paraffin, Tween 80, propylene glycol and ethanol, diluted 1:100 in an aqueous medium. Central composite response surface methodology was applied for statistical optimization. Independent variables were the amount of liquid paraffin and the amount of Tween 80, while responses were size and poly dispersity index (PdI). Optimized SNEDDS were studied morphologically using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release of heparin was studied in the simulated gastric and simulated intestinal media.RESULTS: The data revealed that in molar ratio 1:3 (heparin:CPâCD), the n-octanol recovery was maximized and reached 67.6 ± 11.86%. Size, PdI, zeta potential, EE% in gastric medium and EE% in intestinal medium for optimized nano-droplets were reported as 307 ± 30.51 nm, 0.236 ± 0.02, +2.1 ± 0.66 mV, 90.2 ± 0.04 and 96.1 ± 0.73%, respectively. Microscopic images revealed spherical nano-droplets. The obtained data revealed no burst release of heparin from nano-droplets.CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results indicate that SNEDDS could be regarded as a good candidate for oral delivery of heparin as the hydrophilic macromolecule.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Cations', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Emulsions', 'Heparin', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Nanoparticles', 'Polymers', 'Polysorbates', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 28,685,625
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['G02.409'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.690', 'D05.750.741.700', 'D25.720.741.700', 'J01.637.051.720.741.700'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasonography and computed tomography in severe urinary tract infection.
|
A prospective study evaluated the utility of renal computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography in 35 patients hospitalized for treatment of urinary tract infection. Renal computed tomograms were abnormal in 18 of 28 patients with acute pyelonephritis and three of four patients with urosepsis, showing findings consistent with pyelonephritis in 17 patients and intrarenal abscess or focal bacterial nephritis in four patients. Renal sonograms were abnormal in only eight patients, showing findings compatible with pyelonephritis in four and intrarenal abscess or focal bacterial nephritis in the other four. Flank tenderness was absent in only four patients with CT findings of pyelonephritis, of whom three were diabetic. We therefore found that (1) renal CT is a sensitive test for acute upper urinary tract infection, (2) ultrasonography detects focal bacterial nephritis and abscesses but is insensitive to uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection, and (3) painless pyelonephritis may be more common in patients with diabetes mellitus.
|
['Abscess', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test, Urinary', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prostatitis', 'Pyelonephritis', 'Sepsis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 3,888,134
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.149', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.149', 'E01.370.225.812.049', 'E01.370.390.050', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.149', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.149', 'E05.200.812.049', 'E05.478.583.375.050', 'E05.478.594.049'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C12.294.565.750'], ['C12.777.419.570.643.790', 'C12.777.419.570.821.717', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643.790', 'C13.351.968.419.570.821.717'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide screen identifies new candidate genes associated with artemisinin susceptibility in Plasmodium falciparum in Kenya.
|
Early identification of causal genetic variants underlying antimalarial drug resistance could provide robust epidemiological tools for timely public health interventions. Using a novel natural genetics strategy for mapping novel candidate genes we analyzed >75,000 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms selected from high-resolution whole-genome sequencing data in 27 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. We identified genetic variants associated with susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin that implicate one region on chromosome 13, a candidate gene on chromosome 1 (PFA0220w, a UBP1 ortholog) and others (PFB0560w, PFB0630c, PFF0445w) with putative roles in protein homeostasis and stress response. There was a strong signal for positive selection on PFA0220w, but not the other candidate loci. Our results demonstrate the power of full-genome sequencing-based association studies for uncovering candidate genes that determine parasite sensitivity to artemisinins. Our study provides a unique reference for the interpretation of results from resistant infections.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Artemisinins', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Drug Resistance', 'Genome, Protozoan', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Parasitic Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 24,270,944
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212', 'D01.339.431.374.212', 'D01.650.550.750.200', 'D02.389.338.055', 'D02.455.849.765.211'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.360.340.397'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['E01.370.225.940', 'E05.200.940', 'E05.337.550.700'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Spatial and temporal genetic variation of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from Thailand and the Lao PDR.
|
A total of 314 individual Echinostoma revolutum were collected at different locations and times from domestic ducks from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand and Vientiane Province, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). Genetic variation of these parasites was analyzed using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis at three polymorphic loci namely, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), malic enzyme (Me) and peptidase valine-leucine (PepA). High levels of genetic variability were found within and between populations. Significant heterozygote deficiencies compared with the predictions under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected in populations from Thailand and the Lao PDR for all loci except G6pd-1. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between spatially separated populations from Thailand and the Lao PDR. This as also true for some samples collected at different times in Thailand. The variability found may be consistent with a Wahlund effect, genetic drift and/or other factors such as the population structure of snail hosts. Our data provide further insight into the process of genetic divergence within and among geographically and temporally isolated populations of E. revolutum, and potentially other medically important echinostomes in Southeast Asia.
|
['Aminopeptidases', 'Animals', 'Ducks', 'Echinostoma', 'Genetic Variation', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Helminth Proteins', 'Laos', 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'Phylogeography', 'Thailand']
| 21,414,285
|
[['D08.811.277.656.350.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.360.310'], ['G05.365'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['D12.776.419'], ['Z01.252.145.435'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.496'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Hypertension-independent microvascular rarefaction in the obese Zucker rat model of the metabolic syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that reduced skeletal muscle microvessel density (MVD) in obese Zucker rats (OZR) is independent of chronic elevations in mean arterial pressure (MAP).METHODS: Microvessels in cross sections of gastrocnemius muscle from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR were labeled with Griffonia simplicifolia I lectin, visualized with fluorescence microscopy and vessel number within sections was determined using imaging software. Rats were used at different ages to assess correlations between the temporal development of hypertension and microvascular rarefaction. Additionally, rats were chronically treated with captopril or hydralazine as antihypertensive therapies to examine the development of microvascular rarefaction in the absence of elevated blood pressure.RESULTS: MVD in muscle of OZR was reduced by approximately 17% versus LZR by 10-11 weeks of age, prior to any elevation in MAP. By 15-17 weeks, OZR exhibited a approximately 23% reduction in MVD and a approximately 25 mmHg increase in MAP. Treatment with hydralazine prevented elevated MAP in OZR, although this was not associated with an improved MVD. Captopril treatment also prevented elevated MAP in OZR, although a partial recovery of MVD toward normal levels was observed. This observation was associated with an improved insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that microvessel rarefaction in skeletal muscle of OZR manifesting the metabolic syndrome does not depend on an elevated mean arterial pressure and that other factors associated with the metabolic syndrome, possibly insulin resistance, may underlie the progressive reduction in MVD in these animals.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Body Weight', 'Capillaries', 'Hypertension', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Microcirculation', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker']
| 16,020,387
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Instability of the atlantodental joint as a trauma sequela].
|
In the region of the upper cervical spine a wide variety of morphological and functional positions is possible. This makes diagnosis and expert evaluation of whiplash injuries to the cervical spine very difficult. The problem is discussed with reference to a case report of a so-called whiplash injury. The upper cervical spine must be investigated in flexion and extension by means of MRT and/or CT as soon as possible.
|
['Adult', 'Atlanto-Axial Joint', 'Cervical Atlas', 'Expert Testimony', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Accident', 'Joint Instability', 'Odontoid Process', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Whiplash Injuries']
| 1,604,329
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.583.097'], ['A02.835.232.834.151.500'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.409'], ['C05.550.521'], ['A02.835.232.834.151.383.668'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C26.700.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of gastropyloric motor activity on the genesis of reflux esophagitis after an esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction.
|
BACKGROUND: Reflux esophagitis is a significant problem in patients after an esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction. The pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether gastropyloric motility influences the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis after an esophagectomy.METHODS: Thirty esophagectomized patients were assessed by endoscopy and manometry. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the postoperative period as follows: Group 1 (less than 12 months), group 2 (12 to 24 months), and group 3 (more than 24 months). Gastropyloric motor activity was quantified by calculating the motility index, which is equivalent to the area under the contractile waves.RESULTS: Reflux esophagitis was observed in 80% of group 1, 80% of group 2, and 30% of group 3. The severity of reflux esophagitis decreased with time. Contractions of the gastric body were not observed in any of the patients. The antral motility index in group 3 was significantly greater than that in groups 1 and 2. The pyloric motility index progressively increased. The severity of reflux esophagitis is significantly associated with gastropyloric motor activity.CONCLUSIONS: The severity of reflux esophagitis decreases with time, coupled with recovery of antropyloric motor activity. Gastropyloric motor activity plays an important role in the genesis of reflux esophagitis after an esophagectomy.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagectomy', 'Esophagitis, Peptic', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyloric Antrum', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach']
| 23,998,403
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['E04.210.346'], ['C06.405.117.620.420', 'C06.405.205.663.420', 'C06.405.469.275.800.523', 'C06.405.748.586.524'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.556.875.875.716'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone on the distribution of F-actin in the clear zone of osteoclasts in vivo.
|
To elucidate the relation between the distribution of F-actin bands in the clear zone and the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts in vivo, the endocranial surfaces of calvariae from 7-day-old Wistar rats were stained with F-actin-specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled phalloidin (FITC-phalloidin) with and without the intraperitoneal injection of the calcium-regulating hormones, calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Some specimens were double-stained with FITC-phalloidin and a monoclonal antibody, ED1, which stained monocytes and macrophages. In normal rats, almost 80% of the osteoclasts showed ring-shaped F-actin bands in the clear zone, and the remaining 20% showed arch- or line-shaped F-actin bands. From 15 min to 1 h after the injection of CT (salmon, 10 mg/kg), the number of osteoclasts with ring-shaped F-actin bands decreased significantly. At 1 h, few F-actin bands were detected in osteoclasts, which were still stained by ED1. However, these F-actin bands recovered to the normal level at 6 h. On the other hand, from 15 min to 6 h after the injection of PTH (bovine, 50 mg/kg), the number of osteoclasts with arch- or line-shaped F-actin bands decreased significantly. These results indicate that osteoclasts with arch- or line-shaped F-actin bands in the clear zone had lower bone-resorbing activity than those with ring-shaped F-actin bands, and that the formation of bands could be controlled by calcium-regulating hormones over the course of a few hours. Observation of the endocranial surfaces of calvariae might be useful for examining factors which affect the activities of osteoclasts in vivo.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Bone Resorption', 'Calcitonin', 'Fluoresceins', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Osteoclasts', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phalloidine', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,853,854
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D04.345.566.735', 'D12.644.456.735', 'D12.644.641.735', 'D23.946.587.755'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Results of surgery for cancer of the rectum with sphincter conservation. A randomized study on instrumental versus manual anastomosis.
|
We present results obtained in a group of patients included in a randomized study from 1979 to 1985 for evaluation of mechanical anastomosis after anterior resection for cancer of the rectum; 113 patients were operated on, 58 with manual and 55 with instrumental anastomosis. There was no significant difference in morbidity or mortality between the groups. The incidence of anastomotic fistulas (clinical and subclinical) was similar (12% vs. 15%), although a large number of tumors in the lower third of rectum was treated by manual anastomosis. Concerning late complications, more stenoses, although mainly asymptomatic, were detected after instrumental anastomosis (15% vs. 6%). The incidence of local recurrence within 3 years was quite similar in the 2 groups (about 15%), and usually occurred in patients who already had generalized disease.
|
['Anal Canal', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Random Allocation', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Rectum']
| 2,736,113
|
[['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['E04.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A rare combination of coronary anomalies: what is the culprit?
|
The case of a woman with anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery that communicates with the left ventricle via a fistula, revealed by typical angina, is described and the several pathomechanisms involved are discussed.
|
['Aged', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Arterio-Arterial Fistula', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Vessel Anomalies', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans']
| 22,002,258
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.240.850.984.500', 'C14.907.933.110', 'C16.131.240.850.500', 'C23.300.575.950.150'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.240.400.210', 'C14.280.400.210', 'C16.131.240.400.210'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Peritoneovenous shunts for malignant ascites.
|
The intractable malignant ascites of 27 patients was treated by insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt. Eight had a Le Veen shunt, 17 a Denver shunt, one patient had a Denver shunt subsequently replaced by a Le Veen shunt and one a Denver shunt which was replaced by another Denver shunt. The operations were safely performed under local anesthesia. Shunt occlusion occurred in eight patients, in two of whom, however, the shunt was cleared with the flushchamber (Denver shunt) and by anticoagulant treatment (Le Veen shunt). In two further patients the shunts were replaced. All patients with a satisfactory functioning shunt had good palliation. Thanks to the shunts, 16 patients were able to leave hospital to spend their remaining time at home. Survival times were generally very short due to the patients' terminal malignancy, all patients dying within 4 months. In three patients there was a possible relationship between shunt placement and death. In conclusion, peritoneovenous shunting is indicated in selected patients with malignant ascites.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ascites', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Peritoneovenous Shunt']
| 3,953,206
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.081'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E04.035.735', 'E04.100.814.750', 'E04.210.790']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Abnormal hemoglobins screened in Tunisia].
|
We report the complete data we have collected concerning abnormal Hb in Tunisia, and their local repartition. The highest frequencies are observed in the North-West countries.
|
['Genetic Testing', 'Hemoglobinopathies', 'Hemoglobins, Abnormal', 'Humans', 'Tunisia']
| 3,774,530
|
[['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['C15.378.420', 'C16.320.365'], ['D12.776.124.400.463', 'D12.776.422.316.762.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.266.887']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Specific stress of intensive therapy: its analysis and suggestions for changes].
|
Proceeding from studies which make the environment of an intensive care unit responsible for psychopathological disturbances in thoracic patients, we made investigations on an operative intensive care unit concerning its influence on the psychical state of surgical patients. For this purpose photometry and noise measurements were made at the patient's bedside; additionally the environment of a ventilated patient was recorded continuously by means of a cine-camera. The results we obtained from noise measurements showed that all patients were affected with both sensorial monotony and sensorial overstimulation. Overstimulation results from sudden and unexpected noise (for example due to emergency admissions) on an intensive care unit. The analysis of the illumination intensity showed a day and night turn; that means, the patient was able to distinguish between daytime and nighttime but due to missing bearings no further temporal orientation was possible. The filmings demonstrated that there were numerous contacts between the patient and his environment which, however, did not last longer than 105 s on an average. These findings refer to the problem of the patient's social isolation; others show the loss of sleeping and resting stages. So the "resting stages", that means stages without visible contact, last between 1-3 min. In the light of the results, psychopathological disturbances in the patients of this intensive care unit are connected with the situational conditions of the unit. Suggestions concerning the removal of situational load-factors are deducible from these findings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Critical Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lighting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motion Pictures', 'Noise', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Time Factors']
| 7,158,744
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dendritic atrophy and remodeling of amygdaloid neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
|
The current study examined changes in the dendritic arbor of basolateral amygdaloid neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative analysis of Golgi Kopsch-impregnated tissue samples revealed a significant reduction in the total dendritic length per neuron in AD. Terminal and nonterminal dendritic segments were affected similarly. Somatofugal ordering of the same segments, however, indicated that the reductions were restricted to the inner portion of the dendritic tree, coupled with significant AD-related increases in the length and number of the highest order segments. These data suggest that despite an overall AD-related loss of dendritic length in this amygdaloid subregion, new dendritic segments continue to form. The loss of proximal segments, combined with the gain of distal segments, may be interpreted as dendritic remodeling in the course of the disorder.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amygdala', 'Atrophy', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Dendrites', 'Female', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tissue Fixation']
| 7,505,158
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
DNAc: A clustering method for identifying kinship relations between DNA profiles using a novel similarity measure.
|
After decades of refinement, DNA testing methods have become essential tools in forensic sciences. They are essentially based on likelihood ratio test principle, which is utilized specifically, by using as prior knowledge the allele frequencies in the population, to confirm or refute a given kinship hypothesis made on two genotypes. This makes these methods ill suited when allele frequencies or kinship hypotheses are unavailable. In this paper, we introduce DNAc, a new clustering methodology for DNA testing based on a new similarity measure that allows an accurate retrieval of the degree of relatedness among two or more genotypes, without relying on kinship hypotheses or allele frequencies in the population. We used DNAc in analyzing microsatellite DNA sequences distributed among 12 genotypes from normal individuals from two distinct families. The results show that DNAc accurately determines kinship among genotypes and further gathers them in the appropriate kinship groups.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Paternity', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,077,874
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['I01.198.780.937.766'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Effect of the pH and the importance of the internal standard on the measurement of the urinary catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Clinical manifestations of phaeochromocytoma are not always sufficient for its early diagnosis. It is therefore necessary to confirm hypersecretion of catecholamines. Current methods for the measurement of catecholamines are based on their oxidative properties, and the majority of the laboratories often use HPLC methods for catecholamine testing. However, the extraction procedures used for the biogenic amines differ. We use a method of ion-exchange chromatography which is performed at pH 6.5. In order to avoid the spontaneous oxidation of the catecholamines, the urine samples has to be collected on HCl, which gives a pH of approximately 2. Occasionally, the acidified urine sample has a pH less than 1 requiring the addition of NaOH to reach a pH of 6.5, necessary for the adsorption of catecholamines on cation exchanger resins. This phenomenon produces a decrease in the peak areas but the use of an internal standard allows the final results to be corrected.
|
['Catecholamines', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dopamine', 'Epinephrine', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Norepinephrine', 'Reference Standards']
| 8,620,067
|
[['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E05.978.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Growth hormone receptor antagonism prevents early renal changes in nonobese diabetic mice.
|
The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is involved in diabetic renal disease. The role of a specific GH receptor (GHR) antagonist in the development of early renal changes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice was investigated. Female diabetic (nonketotic) NOD mice treated with a polyethylene glycol-treated GHR antagonist (2 mg/kg, every other day) (DA group) or saline (D group) and their nonhyperglycemic age-matched littermates (control animals) were euthanized 3 wk after the onset of diabetes. Body weights at euthanasia were similar among the groups. Serum GH levels were markedly elevated, and serum IGF-I levels were significantly decreased in D and DA animals, compared with controls. The increases in kidney weights and glomerular volumes observed for the D group were absent in the DA group. Albuminuria was increased in the D group but was normalized in the DA group. Extractable renal IGF-I protein levels were increased in the D group but were partially normalized in the DA group. Renal IGF-binding protein 1 mRNA levels were increased in the D group but returned to almost normal levels in the DA animals. Kidney IGF-I and GHR mRNA levels were decreased in both the D and DA groups. Renal GH-binding protein mRNA levels remained unchanged in both diabetic groups. GHR antagonism had a blunting effect on renal/glomerular hypertrophy and albuminuria in diabetic NOD mice. These salutary effects were associated with concomitant inhibition of increased renal IGF-I protein levels and were obtained without affecting either somatic growth or circulating GH and IGF-I levels. Therefore, modulation of GH effects may have beneficial therapeutic implications in diabetic nephropathy.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Somatotropin']
| 10,541,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['D12.776.157.420.270'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.555.770', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
AtFH1 formin mutation affects actin filament and microtubule dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Plant cell growth and morphogenesis depend on remodelling of both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. AtFH1 (At5g25500), the main housekeeping Arabidopsis formin, is targeted to membranes and known to nucleate and bundle actin. The effect of mutations in AtFH1 on root development and cytoskeletal dynamics was examined. Consistent with primarily actin-related formin function, fh1 mutants showed increased sensitivity to the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin B (LatB). LatB-treated mutants had thicker, shorter roots than wild-type plants. Reduced cell elongation and morphological abnormalities were observed in both trichoblasts and atrichoblasts. Fluorescently tagged cytoskeletal markers were used to follow cytoskeletal dynamics in wild-type and mutant plants using confocal microscopy and VAEM (variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy). Mutants exhibited more abundant but less dynamic F-actin bundles and more dynamic microtubules than wild-type seedlings. Treatment of wild-type seedlings with a formin inhibitor, SMIFH2, mimicked the root growth and cell expansion phenotypes and cytoskeletal structure alterations observed in fh1 mutants. The results suggest that besides direct effects on actin organization, the in vivo role of AtFH1 also includes modulation of microtubule dynamics, possibly mediated by actin-microtubule cross-talk.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Formins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Mutation', 'Plant Roots']
| 23,202,131
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D05.750.078.730.333', 'D12.776.220.525.333'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A18.400']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Interstitial high-resolution MR lymphangiography in patients with lower extremity lymphedema].
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of interstitial magnetic resonance lymphangiography (IMRL) with intracutaneous injection of gadobenate dimeglumine--a commercially available, non-ionic, extracellular paramagnetic contrast agent.METHODS: We studied 10 patients with lower extremity lymphedema. A mixture of 7.5 ml gadobenate dimeglumine and 0.5 ml 2% lidocaine were evenly subdivided into 8 portions and injected intracutaneously into each web space of both feet. For IMRL, a 3D fast spoiled gradient-recalled echo T1-weighted images with a fat saturation technique (T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitation, THRIVE) was performed.RESULTS: The beaded appearance of lymphatic vessels extending from the injection site were detected in 11 of 12 lower legs and the best delineation of lymphatic vessels was present at 15-30 minutes after injection. In 6 of 12 affected thighs, lymphatic vessels could be also visualized with the strongest enhancement at 45 minutes.CONCLUSION: IMRL is a safe and technically feasible new method which can effectively visualize the pathological lymphatic vessels in lower extremity lymphedema.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lower Extremity', 'Lymphedema', 'Lymphography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 20,209,934
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610'], ['C15.604.496'], ['E01.370.350.700.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Osseous reconstruction using an occlusive titanium membrane following marginal mandibulectomy: proof of principle.
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Guided bone regeneration using barrier membranes is useful in bone augmentation. In contrast to flexible membranes, stiff membranes such as titanium membranes are capable of maintaining sufficient space underneath them. We report a case of bone regeneration under an occlusive titanium membrane following marginal mandibulectomy in a 50-year-old patient with odontogenic keratocyst. Preoperative analysis of the anatomical conditions was evaluated with panoramic radiographs and spiral computer tomography (CT) scan. The digital data from the CT scan were transferred to a personal computer. Using Simplant software, a mirror image of the right mandible was constructed from which a custom-made titanium membrane was made. The cyst with the remaining inferior alveolar nerve was removed and curettage of the lesion was performed under general anesthesia. The definitive titanium plate was inserted and fixated with osteosynthesis screws, and then removed 5 years later. Postoperative CT scanning showed good healing, bone growth under the titanium plate, and no evidence of residual cyst The titanium plate reinforced the mandibular skeleton and restored the shape of the mandible and facial symmetry; it also promoted new bone formation to fill in the mandibular defects.
|
['Bone Regeneration', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Middle Aged', 'Oral Surgical Procedures', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Titanium', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,739,753
|
[['G11.427.213.140', 'G16.762.150.150'], ['E04.680.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.545', 'E06.645'], ['E04.680'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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A new cancer genome anatomy project web resource for the community.
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The National Cancer Institute's Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) is developing publicly accessible information, technology, and material resources that provide a platform for the interface of cancer research and genomics. CGAP's efforts have focused toward (1) building and annotating catalogues of genes expressed during cancer development, (2) identifying polymorphisms in those genes, and (3) developing resources for the molecular characterization of cancer-related chromosomal aberrations. To date, CGAP has produced more than 1,000,000 expressed sequence tags, approximately 3,300,000 serial analysis of gene expression tags, and identified more than 10,000 human gene-based single-nucleotide polymorphisms. To enhance access to these datasets by the research community, a new Cancer Genome Project web site (http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/) is being introduced. The web site includes genomic data for humans and mice, including transcript sequence, gene expression patterns, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, clone resources, and cytogenetic information. Descriptions of the methods and reagents used in deriving the CGAP datasets are also provided. An extensive suite of informatics tools facilitates queries and analysis of the CGAP data by the community. One of the newest features of the CGAP web site is an electronic version of the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in Cancer.
|
['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial', 'Computational Biology', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Databases, Bibliographic', 'Databases, Factual', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Gene Expression', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'National Institutes of Health (U.S.)', 'Neoplasms', 'Oncogenes', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'United States']
| 11,269,648
|
[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.178.170', 'A11.284.187.190.170', 'A20.812.170', 'G05.360.162.178.170', 'G05.360.162.190.170', 'G05.360.337.249.170'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.300', 'L01.470.750.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496', 'N03.540.052.750', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496'], ['C04'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Investigation on the role of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and interactions with tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol in susceptibility to cancers in a high-risk population from North East India.
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The association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with cancer susceptibility remains uncertain and varies with ethnicity. Northeast India represents a geographically, culturally, and ethnically isolated population. The area reports high rate of tobacco usage in a variety of ways of consumption, compared with the rest of Indian population. A total of 411 cancer patients (161 lung, 134 gastric, and 116 oral) and 282 normal controls from the ethnic population were analyzed for p53 codon 72 polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No significant difference in genotypic distribution of p53 between cases and controls was observed. Results suggested betel quid chewing as a major risk factor for all the three cancers (odds ratio [OR]=3.54, confidence interval [CI]=2.01-6.25, p<0.001; OR=1.74, CI=1.04-2.92, p=0.03; and OR=1.85, CI=1.02-3.33, p=0.04 for lung, gastric, and oral cancers, respectively). Tobacco smoking was associated with risk of lung and oral cancers (OR=1.88, CI=1.11-3.19, p=0.01 and OR=1.68, CI=1.00-2.81, p=0.04). Interactions between p53 genotypes and risk factors were analyzed to look for gene-environment interactions. Interaction of smoking and p53 genotype was significant only for oral cancer. Interactions of betel quid with p53 genotypes in lung cancer showed significant increase for all the three genotypes, indicating a major role of betel quid (OR=5.90, CI=1.67-20.81, p=0.006; OR=5.44, CI=1.67-17.75, p=0.005; and OR=5.84, CI=1.70-19.97, p=0.005 for Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro, respectively). In conclusion, high incidence of these cancers in northeast India might be an outcome of risk habits; further, tissue- and carcinogen-specific risk modification by p53 gene is probable.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Areca', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Codon', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'India', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasms', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tobacco, Smokeless', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 21,043,833
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.093.088'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['J01.637.767.844.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Management of diabetics with the use of a microprocessor: comparison of insulin treatments based on blood and urine glucose levels.
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The insulin treatment of 8 insulin-dependent diabetics was controlled with a microprocessor (Better Control Medical Computer, BCMC, Inc., Toronto, Canada) with information derived from blood or first voided urine glucose concentrations assessed by reagent strips four times a day, before the three main meals and bedtime snack. The microprocessor recommends modification of the insulin doses so as to reach a pre-prandial blood glucose value of 110 mg/dl or a urine glucose concentration of 0.1 g/dl. During the first two weeks self-management was uniformly applied by the patients, based on their blood glucose concentration. Subsequently, it was continued by the patients who were divided into two groups, one using the blood, the other the urine glucose concentrations, each for three weeks, alternately. During microprocessor treatment the patients' mean blood glucose profiles decreased from 152 +/- 37 mg/dl to 126 +/- 28 mg/dl. No difference was found between treatments based on blood or urine glucose concentrations concerning either the mean blood glucose profiles or the number of hypoglycemic episodes in the presence of an average glucose threshold and good renal function. The first voided urine glucose concentration and mean and maximal blood glucose values obtained at the time of urine filtration were closely correlated (r = 0.82 and 0.86, p less than 0.001).
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Glycosuria', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Microcomputers', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Reagent Strips']
| 3,043,988
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C12.777.934.363', 'C13.351.968.934.363', 'C18.452.394.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['E01.370.520'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Physical mapping of HIV reverse transcriptase to the 5' end of RNA primers.
|
Enzymatic analysis of RNA cleavage products has suggested that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) binds to the 5' end of RNAs that are recessed on a longer DNA template (RNA primers) yet binds to the 3' end of DNA primers. One concern is that RT molecules bound at the 3' end of RNA would not be easily detected because RT may not catalyze substantial RNA extension or cleavage when bound to the 3' end. We used physical mapping to show that RT binds preferentially to the 5' end of RNA primers. An HIV-RT that lacked RNase H activity (HIV-RT(E478Q)) was incubated with the RNA-DNA hybrid followed by the addition of Escherichia coli RNase H. RT protected a approximately 23-base region at the 5' end of the RNA and 4 additional bases on the DNA strand. This footprint correlated well with the crystal structure of HIV-RT. No protection of the RNA 3' end was observed, although when dNTPs were included, low levels of extension occurred, indicating that RT can bind this end. Wild-type HIV-RT cleaved the RNA and then extended a small portion of the cleaved fragments, suggesting that very small RNAs may be bound similar to DNA primers.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", "5' Untranslated Regions", 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Escherichia coli', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ribonuclease H', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Templates, Genetic']
| 11,441,011
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['D13.444.735.544.875.885', 'D13.444.735.790.878.885', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.885', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.885'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.700', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.700'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G05.360.840']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The study of absorbable sustained-release implants and animal experiments to prevent recurrence of bladder cancer].
|
This paper aims to prepare polyanhydride-Pirarubicin dose long-acting sustained-release implants for the treatment of bladder cancer and for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Pirarubicin hydrochloride (THP) and polyanhydride, in accordance with a certain proportion, were fully mixed in the agate morta and dissolved in dichloromethane, and then were cast into a film within a mold put in the dryer set at 4 degrees C. Each tablet implanted contained 5.0 mg of THP. Polyanhydride-pirarubicin sustained-release was implanted into the bladder mucosa of the rabbits, and blood and urine samples were taken at different times after the operation. The THP drug concentrations in urine and blood were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The THP concentration in urine was significantly higher than the THP concentration in plasma. The drug concentration in urine reached (92.5 +/- 7.4) microg/L at 250 d time after the operation. Polyanhydride-pirarubicin implants possess long-acting sustained-release level dynamics in the body. It can maintain a stable long-term drug release and can be expected to last a year and can effectively prevent recurrence of bladder cancer. The present experiments proved that the implants with sustained-release drug treatment are expected to be useful in the clinical application in prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.
|
['Absorbable Implants', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Implants, Experimental', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Polyanhydrides', 'Postoperative Period', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 21,604,495
|
[['E07.695.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E07.695.340'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['D02.113.650', 'D05.750.725'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The value of arthroscopy before an open modified latarjet reconstruction.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of intra-articular pathology in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy immediately before modified Latarjet reconstruction for recurrent anterior instability with bone deficiency.METHODS: The records of 33 consecutive patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy immediately before the modified Latarjet reconstruction were analyzed. Arthroscopy was performed just before the open procedure to identify and treat intra-articular pathology that would otherwise have been missed or not well treated during the routine open anterior approach to the shoulder.RESULTS: In 24 of 33 cases (73%) associated pathologic lesions were identified and addressed arthroscopically (lesions not likely to have been discovered and treated optimally during the open deltopectoral approach). We identified and addressed 21 type 2 SLAP lesions (64%) as well as 1 posterior Bankart lesion, 2 loose bodies, 2 rotator cuff tears, and 2 localized areas of grade 4 chondromalacia.CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic examination before modified Latarjet reconstruction is recommended because it allows the surgeon to identify and arthroscopically address associated pathologic entities that are present in over two thirds of the cases.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arthroscopy', 'Cartilage Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Joint Instability', 'Joint Loose Bodies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Preoperative Care', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Shoulder Joint']
| 18,442,682
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['C05.182', 'C17.300.182'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['C05.550.521'], ['C05.550.535'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['A02.835.583.748']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Soil amendment: a technique for soil remediation of lactofen.
|
Lactofen, a member of the diphenyl ether chemical family, shows great potential for the control of broadleaf weeds associated with leguminous crops. It presents a high degree of selectivity when applied post-emergence to soybean and peanut crops. This paper presents the persistence of lactofen under a soybean crop under various conditions, including without remediation techniques, under soil solarization with polyethene sheets, and soil solarization followed by straw amendment. The results indicate that dissipation is faster when using the soil solarization technique (set II) compared to no treatment (set I) and is further enhanced by tstraw amendment, where almost 90% dissipation was recorded (set III). The dissipation followed first-order kinetics with a half-life that varied from 30 to 10 days. The half-life of lactofen was 15 days in treatments of soil solarization and straw amendments alone, indicating that both techniques have to be used in combination to achieve successful remediation of soil. Use of biodegradable polythene/substitute material will make this process a popular technique and may also improve its commercial viability.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers', 'Herbicides', 'Phenyl Ethers', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Soybeans']
| 17,599,224
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D02.355.726.601', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.601'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['D02.355.726', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hollow microneedle-mediated micro-injections of a liposomal HPV E743-63
|
Recent studies have shown that intradermal vaccination has great potential for T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. However, classical intradermal immunization with a hypodermic needle and syringe has several drawbacks. Therefore, in the present study a digitally controlled hollow microneedle injection system (DC-hMN-iSystem) with an ultra-low dead volume was developed to perform micro-injections (0.25-10ìL) into skin in an automated manner. A synthetic long peptide derived from human papilloma virus formulated in cationic liposomes, which was used as a therapeutic cancer vaccine, was administered intradermally by using the DC-hMN-iSystem. Fused silica hollow microneedles with an inner diameter of 50ìm and a bevel length of 66±26ìm were successfully fabricated via hydrofluoric acid etching. Upon piercing these microneedles into the skin using a protrusion length of 400ìm, microneedles were inserted at a depth of 350±55ìm. Micro-injections of 1-10ìL had an accuracy between 97 and 113% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 9%, and lower volumes (0.25 and 0.5ìL) had an accuracy of 86-103% with a RSD of 29% in ex vivo human skin. Intradermal administration of the therapeutic cancer vaccine via micro-injections induced strong functional cytotoxic and T-helper responses in mice, while requiring much lower volumes as compared to classical intradermal immunization. In conclusion, by using the newly developed DC-hMN-iSystem, very low vaccine volumes can be precisely injected into skin in an automated manner. Thereby, this system shows potential for minimally-invasive and potentially pain-free therapeutic cancer vaccination.
|
['Animals', 'Cancer Vaccines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Liposomes', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microinjections', 'Needles', 'Papillomavirus E7 Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Vaccines, Subunit']
| 29,174,441
|
[['B01.050'], ['D20.215.894.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['E07.612'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.420'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['D20.215.894.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid cerebrovascular reactivity mapping: Enabling vascular reactivity information to be routinely acquired.
|
Cerebrovascular reactivity mapping (CVR), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and carbon dioxide as a stimulus, provides useful information on how cerebral blood vessels react under stress. This information has proven to be useful in the study of vascular disorders, dementia and healthy ageing. However, clinical adoption of this form of CVR mapping has been hindered by relatively long scan durations of 7-12 min. By replacing the conventional block presentation of carbon dioxide enriched air with a sinusoidally modulated stimulus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether more clinically acceptable scan durations are possible. Firstly, the conventional block protocol was compared with a sinusoidal protocol of the same duration of 7 min. Estimates of the magnitude of the CVR signal (CVR magnitude) were found to be in good agreement between the stimulus protocols, but estimates of the relative timing of the CVR response (CVR phase) were not. Secondly, data from the sinusoidal protocol was reanalysed using decreasing amounts of data in the range 1-6 min. The CVR magnitude was found to tolerate this reduction in scan duration better than CVR phase. However, these analyses indicate that scan durations in the range of 3-5 min produce robust data.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Humans', 'Hypercapnia', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 28,756,241
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.544'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between red blood cell distribution and renal function in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
|
We assessed whether red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with microalbuminuria (MAU) in a group of 320 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), recruited in Zhengzhou. Patients were divided into normal group and MAU group. Compared with the normal group, the patients with MAU had higher red blood cell count (p = 0.005) and RDW (p < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression indicated that RDW (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.98-7.66, p < 0.001) was an independent risk factor of MAU in newly diagnosed T2DM. Other factors include smoking (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 2.90-8.72, p < 0.001), higher waist index (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.89-5.26, p = 0.002), FBG level (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.21-3.84, p = 0.008) and uric acid level (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.05-4.52, p = 0.037). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves explored the relationship between MAU and RDW. The area under the curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74-0.84; p < 0.001). Using a cut-off point of 12.8, the RDW predicted MAU in the T2DM patients with a sensitivity of 71.3% and specificity of 66.9%. RDW may be independently associated with MAU in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. RDW may be treated as effective predictive index in the evaluation of diabetes nephropathy or diabetes-associated complications.
|
['Albuminuria', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Erythrocyte Indices', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 25,682,974
|
[['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E01.370.225.625.230', 'E05.200.625.230', 'G09.188.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pregnancy is associated with a decrease in pharyngeal but not tracheal or laryngeal cross-sectional area: a pilot study using the acoustic reflection method.
|
BACKGROUND: The risk of difficult upper airway access is increased during pregnancy, especially in labor. Changes in upper airway calibre have been poorly studied during pregnancy. The acoustic reflection method is a non-invasive technique that allows a longitudinal assessment of the cross-sectional area of the upper airway from the mouth to carina. We used this technique to evaluate upper airway calibre during normal pregnancy.METHODS: We conducted a prospective, single centre, observational study with a clinical and upper airway acoustic reflection method evaluation of healthy women during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and up to two days and one month after delivery.RESULTS: Fifty women participated to the study. The mean pharyngeal cross-sectional area decreased between the first and third trimesters (P < 0.001) with no significant change of the minimal and mean tracheal cross-sectional areas. The Mallampati score increased during pregnancy between the first and third trimesters (P< 0.001).CONCLUSION: Using measurements with the acoustic reflection method, normal pregnancy is associated with a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area of the pharynx and a concomitant increase in the Mallampati score. No change was observed in the minimal and mean tracheal cross-sectional areas.
|
['Acoustics', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Larynx', 'Pharynx', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Trachea']
| 24,333,051
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.329'], ['A03.556.750', 'A04.623', 'A14.724'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Hepatic hemangiomas. The importance of the image].
|
In the authors' experience, 0.24% of the patients submitted to liver imaging (ultrasound or computerized tomography) have hemangiomas. These are shown as solid nodular lesions, mostly found by chance. Sometimes they do not appear as typical solid vascular lesions. The authors' experience and the literature are discussed. A clear and concise approach to this benign neoplasm is suggested.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hemangioma', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 1,307,199
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vecuronium infusion requirements in pediatric patients during fentanyl-N2O-O2 anesthesia.
|
Eighty-one pediatric patients, ranging from neonates to adolescents, were studied during fentanyl-N2O-O2 anesthesia to determine for each of them the vecuronium infusion required to maintain 90-95% neuromuscular block (NMB). Electromyographic monitoring with train-of-four stimuli was used. The steady infusion rate was 62 +/- 15 (SD) micrograms.kg-1.hr-1 in neonates and infants. This rate was 40% of that required by children 3 to 10 years old (154 +/- 49 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1; P less than 0.05). In adolescents the vecuronium requirement was less than in children and was comparable to that reported in adults in other studies (89 +/- 13 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1). Despite considerable individual variation, the infusion rate could be reliably estimated on the basis of duration of greater than 90% NMB maintained by small doses of vecuronium given after intubation. Also, a close correlation existed between the duration of greater than 90% NMB maintained by 100 micrograms/kg of vecuronium and the individual infusion rate (r2 = 0.76).
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Anesthesia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Time Factors', 'Vecuronium Bromide']
| 2,562,909
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E03.155'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experience with darunavir in HIV-infected adults enrolled in a US expanded access program: results from a single center.
|
OBJECTIVE: A multicenter, international, expanded access program (EAP) was initiated in October 2005 for patients failing multiple antiretroviral regimens. The primary objective was to provide early access to darunavir (DRV) (PREZISTA) co-administered with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/r) for antiretroviral-experienced patients who failed multiple regimens and had limited treatment options; the secondary objective was to gather additional DRV/r safety information.METHODS: Following initiation of DRV/r 600/100 mg bid, patients were evaluated at baseline, Weeks 4 and 12, and every 12 weeks thereafter for changes in CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated.RESULTS: Results from patients treated at a single US EAP center in Houston, Texas (N = 38; mean age 47 years; 92% male; 60% Caucasian, 24% Black, 16% Hispanic) are presented. At time of analysis, 38 and 23 patients completed 12 and 24 (+/- 1) weeks of therapy, respectively. At Weeks 12 and 24, the mean change in viral load (VL) from baseline was -1.96 log(10) copies/mL (n = 38) and -2.17 log(10) copies/mL (n = 22), and 54% and 50% of patients achieved HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL, respectively. Mean CD4 cell count increased by 109 cells/mm(3) from baseline to Week 24. DRV/r was generally safe and well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate in severity (nine events considered possibly related to DRV); neither of the two serious AEs was considered related to DRV/r.CONCLUSIONS: Although this study reflects results from only a small cohort of patients at a single center, among this community-based population of highly treatment-experienced patients, DRV/r 600/100 mg bid provided clinically meaningful decreases in VL, an undetectable rate similar to that seen in the POWER studies, and was well tolerated with infrequent AEs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Darunavir', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Program Development', 'Sulfonamides', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Viral Load']
| 18,234,149
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['D02.065.884.438', 'D02.241.081.251.222', 'D02.886.590.700.400', 'D03.383.312.303'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.760'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estrogens, but not androgens, regulate expression and functional activity of oxytocin receptor in rabbit epididymis.
|
Previous binding and contractility studies indicate that oxytocin (OT) receptors are present in rabbit epididymis. To investigate the effect of changing endocrine milieu on OT responsiveness, we induced hypogonadism (hypo) in rabbits with a single administration of a long-acting GnRH analog, triptorelin, and we replaced hypogonadal rabbits with different sex steroids. After 2 months from triptorelin administration, testosterone (T) plasma levels were decreased and OT responsiveness abolished. Administration of T to hypo rabbits restored T plasma levels but not OT sensitivity. Because Western blot analysis indicated that both estrogen receptors and aromatase are expressed in the epididymis, we treated hypo rabbits with estradiol valerate (E2v). E2v not only completely restored OT responsiveness but also even amplified it. Accordingly, Northern and Western blot analysis indicated that both OT receptor gene and protein were strongly induced by E2v but not by T. Surprisingly, also the class I estrogen receptor antagonist, tamoxifen restored OT sensitivity in hypo rabbits. To verify whether endogenous estradiol is involved in the regulation of OT receptor responsiveness, we treated intact rabbits with an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole. Blocking aromatase activity almost completely abolished OT sensitivity. These findings suggest a new function of estrogens in the male: regulation of OT responsiveness in epididymis.
|
['Androgens', 'Animals', 'Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epididymis', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Antagonists', 'Estrogens', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hypogonadism', 'Letrozole', 'Male', 'Nitriles', 'Oxytocin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Oxytocin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tamoxifen', 'Testosterone', 'Triazoles', 'Triptorelin Pamoate']
| 12,399,422
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.347.295', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['G05.308'], ['C19.391.482'], ['D02.626.300', 'D03.383.129.799.638'], ['D02.626'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.630', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.630', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.630', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.600'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D03.383.129.799'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320.790', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320.790', 'D12.644.456.460.800', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320.790', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unique Tyr-heme double cross-links in F43Y/T67R myoglobin: an artificial enzyme with a peroxidase activity comparable to that of native peroxidases.
|
The X-ray crystal structure of F43Y/T67R myoglobin revealed unique Tyr-heme double cross-links between Tyr43 and the heme 4-vinyl group, which represents a novel post-translational modification of heme proteins. Moreover, with the feature of a distal His-Arg pair, the designed artificial enzyme exhibited a peroxidase activity comparable to that of native peroxidases, such as the most efficient horseradish peroxidase.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Benzothiazoles', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Guaiacol', 'Heme', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Structure', 'Mutation', 'Myoglobin', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peroxidases', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Sperm Whale', 'Sulfonic Acids', 'Tyrosine']
| 31,119,219
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['J01.637.087'], ['D02.355.601.536', 'D02.355.726.453', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.453', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.453'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875.865.750'], ['D01.029.260.877.740', 'D01.875.800.740', 'D02.886.645.600'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A survey of veterinary radiation facilities in 2010.
|
A survey of veterinary radiation therapy facilities in the United States, Canada, and Europe was done in 2010, using an online survey tool, to determine the type of equipment available, radiation protocols used, caseload, tumor types irradiated, as well as other details of the practice of veterinary radiation oncology. The results of this survey were compared to a similar survey performed in 2001. A total of 76 facilities were identified including 24 (32%) academic institutions and 52 (68%) private practice external beam radiation therapy facilities. The overall response rate was 51% (39/76 responded). Based on this survey, there is substantial variation among facilities in all aspects ranging from equipment and personnel to radiation protocols and caseloads. American College of Veterinary Radiology boarded radiation oncologists direct 90% of the radiation facilities, which was increased slightly compared to 2001. All facilities surveyed in 2010 had a linear accelerator. More facilities reported having electron capability (79%) compared to the 2001 survey. Eight facilities had a radiation oncology resident, and academic facilities were more likely to have residents. Patient caseload information was available from 28 sites (37% of radiation facilities), and based on the responses 1376 dogs and 352 cats were irradiated in 2010. The most frequently irradiated tumors were soft tissue sarcomas in dogs, and oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats.
|
['Animals', 'Bird Diseases', 'Canada', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Europe', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Neoplasms', 'Radiation Oncology', 'United States', 'Veterinary Medicine']
| 24,798,372
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.131'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['Z01.542'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['C04'], ['H02.403.429.515.500', 'H02.403.740.650'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['H02.956']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Rapid and direct measurement of free concentrations of highly protein-bound fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine in plasma.
|
Fluoxetine (F) and its active N-demethylated metabolite, norfluoxetine (NF), are selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors that bind extensively to plasma proteins. Development and validation of a novel method for measuring free concentrations of F and NF in plasma are reported here. The plasma filtrate was prepared by a high-speed short-duration ultrafiltration (UF) and then submitted directly to a short-column liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) assay. There was no significant matrix effect on the analysis, and non-specific binding of the analytes to the UF devices was negligible. For validation of the method, the recovery of the free analytes was compared to that from an optimized equilibrium dialysis method, and analyte stability was examined under conditions mimicking the sample storage, handling, and analysis procedures. The linearity range was 0.37-12 ng/mL for F and NF; the within-run and between-run relative standard deviations were less than 11.9%, and accuracies across the assay range were 100 +/- 10.3%. This new method was then further validated in a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in beagle dogs receiving a single oral dose of fluoxetine hydrochloride. The integrity of the resulting PK data of free F and NF was absolute. The PK data indicate that the novel method is accurate and reliable. To our knowledge this is the first report describing a rapid and reliable method for direct measurement of free concentrations of F and NF in plasma, which will be useful for clinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of F. Furthermore, the strategies described herein may be applied to the development and validation of methods for measuring the free concentrations of other drugs in plasma.
|
['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Fluoxetine', 'Male', 'Protein Binding', 'Time Factors']
| 16,308,873
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased alpha-synuclein tear fluid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease.
|
The objective of the study was to estimate if altered levels of alpha-synuclein can be detected in tear fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, tear fluid samples of 75 PD patients, 75 control subjects and 31 atypical Parkinsonian patients were collected and analyzed in triplicates using an ultra-sensitive single molecule array (SIMOA) system and applying a human alpha-synuclein immunoassay. In PD, levels of total soluble alpha-synuclein were significantly increased compared to control subjects (p = 0.03; AUC PD vs. controls 0.60). There was no difference comparing PD patients stratified by Hoehn & Yahr stages and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes stratified by tauopathies and non-PD-synucleinopathies against each other (p > 0.05). In conclusion, alpha-synuclein can be detected and quantified in tear fluid, revealing small but significant differences in total alpha-synuclein levels between PD and control subjects. Tear fluid can be collected non-invasively and risk-free, therefore presenting a promising source for further biomarker research.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Prognosis', 'Tears', 'alpha-Synuclein']
| 32,444,780
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E01.789'], ['A12.200.882'], ['D12.776.631.860.500', 'D12.776.637.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A mouse mammary tumor virus mammary gland enhancer confers tissue-specific but not lactation-dependent expression in transgenic mice.
|
The long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is known to contain a number of transcriptional regulatory elements, including glucocorticoid response elements. In this study, we showed that a mammary gland/salivary gland enhancer found in the LTR of this virus directs expression of a heterologous promoter to both virgin and lactating mammary glands in transgenic mice. Using transgenic mice containing hybrid gene constructs with various deletions of the LTR sequences linked to marker genes, we also showed that the dramatic increase in MMTV expression that occurs during lactation is due to the glucocorticoid response elements. Thus, the MMTV LTR encodes two distinct elements, both of which are required for a high level of expression in lactating mammary glands.
|
['Animals', 'Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Lactation', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Organ Specificity', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 1,331,537
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.170'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['B04.613.807.124.500', 'B04.820.650.124.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G07.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Properties of nitrogen fertilization are decisive in determining the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the activity of nitrate reductase in plants.
|
The concentration of atmospheric CO2 is predicted to double by the end of this century. The response of higher plants to an increase in atmospheric CO2 often includes a change in nitrate reductase (NR) activity. In a recent study, we showed that, under elevated CO2 levels, NR induction in low-nitrate plants and NR inhibition in high-nitrate plants are regulated by nitric oxide (NO) generated via nitric oxide synthases. This finding provides an explanation for the diverse responses of plants to elevated CO2 levels, and suggests that the use of nitrogen fertilizers on soil will have a major influence on the nitrogen assimilation capacity of plants in response to CO2 elevation.
|
['Atmosphere', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Fertilizers', 'Nitrate Reductase', 'Nitrogen', 'Plants']
| 27,043,473
|
[['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['D08.811.682.655.500.124'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['B01.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Loss of somatosensory evoked potentials during intramedullary spinal cord surgery predicts postoperative neurologic deficits in motor function [corrected].
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) for predicting new postoperative motor neurologic deficits during intramedullary spinal cord surgery; to establish whether SSEPs more accurately predicted postoperative deficits in position and vibration sense than in strength.DESIGN: Prospective open and retrospective study.SETTING: University-affiliated hospital.PATIENTS: 20 patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors scheduled for surgery with intraoperative SSEPs.INTERVENTIONS: Median, ulnar, and tibial nerve cortical and subcortical SSEPs were recorded continuously.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Conventional intraoperative SSEP criteria considered indicative of neurologic injury were modified and defined as either the complete and permanent loss of the SSEP or the simultaneous amplitude reduction of 50% or greater in the nearest recording electrode rostral to the surgical site and 0.5 millisecond increase in the central latency. Our definition required confirmation of both amplitude and latency changes on a repeated average. All patients had 1 or more SSEPs, which were reproducible and sufficiently stable for analysis throughout the operation. Six patients developed new postoperative neurologic deficits. One had new motor deficits in an extremity from which no baseline SSEPs could be elicited. In each of the other 5 patients, significant SSEP changes preceded the postoperative motor deficits in the extremity or extremities monitored. In no patient without a new postoperative motor deficit was there a significant change in the SSEP. In only 2 of these 5 patients was there a documented postoperative loss or diminution in vibration or position sense.CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative SSEP changes during intramedullary spinal cord surgery are a sensitive predictor of new postoperative motor deficits, but such changes may not correlate reliably with postoperative deficits in position or vibration sense. In this setting SSEP monitoring serves primarily to reassure the operating team that, when the SSEPs remain constant, the surgery has not caused additional injury.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Neoplasms']
| 8,217,175
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['C10'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.614.250.803', 'C10.228.854.765', 'C10.551.240.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of Sp1-mediated survivin transcription, induces apoptosis and acts synergistically with chemo-radiotherapy in glioblastoma cells.
|
Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most malignant human neoplasias, responds poorly to current treatment modalities, with temozolomide (TMZ) being the drug most frequently used for its treatment. Tetra-O-methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (M4N) is a global transcriptional repressor of genes dependent on the Sp1 transcription factor, such as Survivin and Cdk1. In the present study we evaluated the gene expression of Survivin, its spliced variants and Cdk1 in GBM samples and cell lines. Moreover, we investigated the effects of M4N combined or not with TMZ and/or radiation on GBM primary cultures and cell lines. qRT-PCR assays were performed to determine the Survivin-spliced variants and Cdk1 gene mRNA expression in GBM tumor samples and cell lines. Cell proliferation was measured by XTT assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Drug combination analyses using different schedules of administration (simultaneous and sequential) were performed on GBM cell lines and primary cultures based on the Chou-Talalay method. For clonogenic survival, doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy of gamma radiation. were used. All Survivin-spliced variants and the Cdk1 gene were expressed in GBM samples (n = 16) and cell lines (n = 6), except the Survivin-2B variant that was only expressed in GBM cell lines. M4N treatment down regulated the expression of Cdk1, Survivin and the Survivin-ÄEx3 variant, while the Survivin-2B variant was up-regulated. M4N decreased the cell proliferation separately and synergistically with TMZ, and enhanced the effects of radiation, mainly when associated with TMZ. M4N also induced apoptotic cell death, decreased the mitotic index and arrested the cell cycle mainly in the G2/M phase. Our results suggest a potential clinical application of M4N in combination with TMZ and radiation for GB treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dacarbazine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Male', 'Masoprocol', 'Mitotic Index', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents', 'Sp1 Transcription Factor', 'Survivin', 'Temozolomide', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 23,299,390
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.925.200', 'D03.383.129.308.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['G05.308.370'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.210', 'D12.644.360.075.437', 'D12.776.476.075.437'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450.582', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D27.505.954.600'], ['D12.776.260.522.750.249', 'D12.776.930.375.750.249'], ['D12.644.360.075.437.625', 'D12.776.167.576', 'D12.776.220.600.450.495', 'D12.776.476.075.437.625'], ['D02.925.200.500', 'D03.383.129.308.240.500'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quantification of the genetic component of basal C-reactive protein expression in SLE nuclear families.
|
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable acute-phase plasma protein also expressed at low, basal, levels in healthy individuals. Elevated basal CRP has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, while CRP dysregulation may be a feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this cohort of 496 Caucasian SLE families we estimated basal CRP heritability, h(2)= 27.7%. We typed a dense map of CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found that seven were associated with basal CRP using both a regression approach and an orthogonal family-based test (P = 0.001-0.011), as were haplotypes carrying the minor allele of these SNPs. SNPs in the interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 genes were associated with basal CRP. No association was seen between CRP genotype and SLE. Using a variance components approach we estimated that the CRP genotype accounted for only 15% of the total genetic component of basal CRP variation, perhaps explaining the limited evidence of association between CRP and disease. Most of the genetic determinants of basal CRP variation therefore remain unknown. Multiple genes may be involved and identifying them will provide an insight into pathways regulating CRP expression, highlight potential cardiovascular disease and SLE candidates and improve the ability of basal CRP to predict cardiovascular risk.
|
['Base Sequence', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nuclear Family', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors']
| 18,373,721
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.263.500', 'I01.880.853.150.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Particulate and solubilized LH receptor in the pig and bull testis.
|
Particulate and Triton X-100 solubilized receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) in the pig and bull testis were studied. In some of the experiments tissue from the rat testis was included for comparison. LH receptors in the bull and pig revealed very similar association and dissociation kinetics, affinity (Kd = 1.2-1.8 x 10(-10) M), stability and physicochemical properties. Binding capacity was higher in the pig (73 fmol/mg protein) than in the rat (33 fmol/mg protein) and bull (17 fmol/mg protein). Hormone binding stabilized the receptor against thermal denaturation and temperature stability decreased upon solubilization. It is concluded that the properties of the testicular LH receptor of the pig and bull are very similar to those previously described from the rat.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Drug Stability', 'Hot Temperature', 'Kinetics', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, LH', 'Solubility', 'Species Specificity', 'Swine', 'Testis']
| 6,295,292
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.450', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.450', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.350.450'], ['G02.805'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome.
|
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (< 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (> 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39-3.79], p = 1.2 ? 10-3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85-5.07], p = 1.5 ? 10-5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6-156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3-45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Child', 'Contactins', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Odds Ratio', 'Tourette Syndrome', 'Young Adult']
| 28,641,109
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.325', 'D12.776.395.550.448.250', 'D12.776.543.484.500.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.325', 'D12.776.543.550.418.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250.325'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.520', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.520', 'D23.050.301.350.250.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C10.228.140.079.898', 'C10.228.662.825.800', 'C10.574.500.850', 'C16.320.400.820', 'F03.625.992.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
T helper subset involvement in two high antibody responder lines of mice (Biozzi mice): HI (susceptible) and HII (resistant) to collagen-induced arthritis.
|
CD4+ T helper cells play a critical role in the chronicity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. The present results focus on the involvement of Th1 and Th2 subsets at the initial stage of the experimental disease in two lines of mice selected for high antibody production: HI that is susceptible, and HII that is resistant to CIA. Both lines are known to be H-2q, display an identical full set of V-beta genes, and mount similar antibody responses to both heterologous and autologous CII. The kinetic analysis of local T cell and anti-bovine CII antibody responses was followed by Elispot assays, the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IgG2a being considered indicative of a Th1 profile, and interleukin-5 (IL-5) as well as IgG1-IgE, of a Th2 profile. The number of IL-5 Elispots is constantly higher in susceptible than in resistant mice. The IFN-gamma production is rather low in HI compared to HII, and besides, preferential help is observed for the Th2-dependent IgG1-IgE isotype-producing B cells in HI, while a switch-over toward IgG2a anti-CII isotype is found in HII. These results suggest that a Th1 preeminence at the onset of the anti-CII response is decisive in the resistance to CIA.
|
['Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-5', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Species Specificity', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 7,843,223
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['G16.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia: a hereditary disorder simulating rheumatoid arthritis.
|
Progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia is a rare hereditary disorder. This autosomal recessive condition is characterised by progressive arthropathy and platyspondyly. The symptoms are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis but synovitis is absent. In this study a patient with inherited progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia is presented.
|
['Adolescent', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Osteochondrodysplasias', 'Radiography']
| 9,776,122
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.099.708', 'C16.320.728'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mathematical models for teenager's living age evaluation based on CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between volume rendering (VR) statistics of medial clavicular epiphysis and living age, and establish the mathematical models for living age evaluation using the CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis based on the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle.METHODS: The CT images of the medial clavicles from 795 teenagers aged 15-25, 387 males and 408 females, were collected in East and South China. VR 3D images were reconstructed from 0.60 mm-thick slice CT images. The epiphyseal diameter, sternal end diameter, and their respective diameter ratio (the left: X1; the right: x3); epiphyseal area, sternal end area, and their respective area ratio (the left: x2; the right: x4), were measured and calculated. All these observations were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The statistical differences in gender and age were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The mathematical models were established using least square. Sixty trained subjects, 30 males and 30 females, were tested to verify the accuracy of the established mathematical models.RESULTS: In the group of same age, x1 showed significant difference in gender; the same results were observed in x2, x3, and x4, which suggested that the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle were highly correlated with living age. The accuracy of these mathematical models were all above 67.6% (+/- 1.0 year) and 78.5% (+/- 1.5 year).CONCLUSION: The mathematical models with reasonable accuracy could be manageable in practice to confirm the conclusion of the atlas method. The current study can contribute to the single skeletal age evaluation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Determination by Skeleton', 'Algorithms', 'China', 'Clavicle', 'Epiphyses', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Osteogenesis', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 24,350,537
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.049', 'E01.370.350.700.050'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['A02.835.232.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.599'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['G08.686.815'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Anterior Suprascapular Nerve Block Versus Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Shoulder Surgery in the Outpatient Setting: A Randomized Controlled Patient- and Assessor-Blinded Trial.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB), a potent option to control pain after shoulder surgery, has notable adverse effects. The anterior suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) might provide comparable analgesia and cause less grip-strength impairment. These characteristics were studied in this randomized controlled patient- and assessor-blinded trial.METHODS: Outpatients were randomized to single-shot ultrasound-guided SSNB (10 mL ropivacaine 1%) or ISB (20 mL ropivacaine 0.75%) before general anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Pain (Numerical Rating Scale, 0-10), grip strength, degree of satisfaction, and strength of recommendation were assessed.RESULTS: We randomized 168 patients to each group and analyzed 164 in the SSNB group and 165 in the ISB group. Nerve blocks were successful in 98% of the patients from each group. Both procedures provided good postoperative analgesia, and the mean pain level for SSNB was slightly but significantly lower by 0.32 units (95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.46; P < 0.001) and noninferior given a margin of 1.1 units; P < 0.001. Within the first 24 hours, 162 (99%) of SSNB patients had unimpaired grip strength compared to 81 (49%) of ISB patients (P < 0.001). The multiple primary outcome, superior unimpaired grip strength, and noninferior pain control was significant; P < 0.001. Compared to ISB patients (n = 130 [79%]), significantly more SSNB patients (n = 150 [91%]) were satisfied/highly satisfied. Patients in the SSNB group were more likely to recommend the procedure highly.CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia, the SSNB seems preferable to ISB. It provides excellent postoperative analgesia without exposing patients to impaired mobility and to risks of the more potent but also more invasive ISB.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Arthroscopy', 'Autonomic Nerve Block', 'Brachial Plexus Block', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Scapula', 'Shoulder']
| 28,257,388
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.030'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E03.155.086.711.299', 'E04.525.210.550.500'], ['E03.155.086.711.649'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['A02.835.232.087.783'], ['A01.378.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of WAVE1 expression in macrophages at multiple levels.
|
M-CSF (or CSF-1) controls macrophage lineage development and function. A CSF-1-dependent culture system was established, which monitored the differentiation of CSF-1-responsive macrophage populations over time and upon adherence. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein verprolin homologous (WAVE) proteins are involved in actin reorganization, a process critical to many cell functions. WAVE2 but not WAVE1 has been considered significant for macrophage function. Using the CSF-1-dependent differentiation system, we were able to demonstrate the contrasting regulation of the expression of WAVE1 and WAVE2; the levels of the latter rose over time and as the macrophage population became adherent, although those of the former increased over time but were down-regulated upon adherence. Evidence was obtained that WAVE1 was also cleaved to a novel, 60-kDa fragment by macrophage adherence and by another pathway involving calpain-mediated proteolysis. Mutagenesis studies indicated that cleavage of WAVE1 by calpain results in the removal of the verprolin-homology, cofilin-like, and acidic domain and thus, the loss of WAVE1 activity. We suggest that WAVE1 is also important for macrophage biology and that it could have separate functions to those of WAVE2.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bone Marrow', 'Calpain', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Kidney', 'Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection', 'Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family']
| 18,765,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.500', 'D12.776.395.240.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.492', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.150', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.800'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D05.750.078.730.912', 'D12.776.220.525.912']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peroxisomal disorders: complementation analysis using beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids.
|
Complementation studies, using fused cell lines from patients with peroxisomal disorders, have shown correction of defective plasmalogen synthesis and phytanic acid oxidation as well as an increase in the number of peroxisomes. At least six complementation groups have been reported. We demonstrate here that complementing cell lines also acquire the ability to oxidize very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), and that complementation groups defined with this technique are identical to those reported previously when plasmalogen synthesis was used as the criterion for complementation. This VLCFA complementation technique is of particular value in the study of patients in whom defective VLCFA is the only or major enzymatic defect, and we show complementation between cell lines from two patients each with an isolated defect in one of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes.
|
['Cell Fusion', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Fibroblasts', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Humans', 'Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Microbodies', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Reference Values', 'Skin']
| 2,222,480
|
[['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.251.310'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565', 'C18.452.648'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500.585', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.755'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin 1 preferentially stimulates the production of tissue-type plasminogen activator by human articular chondrocytes.
|
Interleukin 1, derived from human placenta, stimulates plasminogen activator activity in human articular chondrocytes. The stimulation of plasminogen activator activity can be abolished by preincubation of placental interleukin 1 with an antiserum to homogeneous 22K factor, a species of interleukin 1 beta, indicating that the stimulation of plasminogen activator activity is due to interleukin 1 and not contaminating factors. Chondrocytes produce three species of plasminogen activator, with apparent Mr approximately 50,000, 65,000 and 100,000 as determined after sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with gels containing casein and plasminogen. Both placental interleukin 1 and 22K factor enhance the production of the species of Mr approximately 65,000 and 100,000. Comparison of the mobility of the plasminogen activator species on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with human urokinase (u-PA) and human melanoma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and studies with antibodies to these enzymes indicate that the Mr approximately 50,000 species is a u-PA and the Mr approximately 65,000 a t-PA. The Mr approximately 100,000 species is possibly an enzyme-inhibitor complex. Interleukin 1 therefore appears to enhance the production of t-PA and a putative enzyme-inhibitor complex. Abolition of plasminogen activator activity in the fibrin plate assay with antibodies to t-PA and u-PA also confirms enhanced t-PA production on interleukin 1 stimulation, though there is also evidence for increased cell-associated production of u-PA.
|
['Cartilage, Articular', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-1', 'Placenta', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Pregnancy', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']
| 3,109,496
|
[['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A16.710'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myocardial perfusion with rubidium-82. I. Measurement of extraction fraction and flow with external detectors.
|
Accurate measurement of the regional extraction of a diffusible radiopharmaceutical is essential for the quantifying of regional blood flow, and may also provide an important physiologic or diagnostic indicator of the cellular viability of an organ in man through external detection by positron emission tomography. However, extraction fraction of a diffusible tracer usually decreases as flow increases, and thus noninvasive methods for measuring flow are nonlinear unless the extraction fraction can be measured independently. This report describes the theoretical basis and documents the applicability of this theory for determining, with external detectors, the first-pass regional extraction fraction of rubidium-82 by the heart, following a single intravenous bolus injection of the tracer. Measurement of extraction fraction was found to be independent of flow, thereby making it possible to determine accurately with a single intravenous bolus injection of rubidium-82, the regional blood flow in the myocardium at up to five times normal resting flow.
|
['Coronary Circulation', 'Diffusion', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocardium', 'Radioisotopes', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Rubidium']
| 6,619,960
|
[['G09.330.100.324'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D01.496.749'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D01.268.549.650', 'D01.268.556.800', 'D01.552.528.759', 'D01.552.544.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Counting on your friends: The role of social environment on quantity discrimination.
|
Quantity discrimination has been established in a range of species. However, most demonstrations of quantity discrimination control for social factors by testing animals individually. I tested whether sociality affects quantity discrimination in the wild by comparing the performances of the highly social Mexican jay (MJ; Aphelocoma wollweberi) and the territorial Western scrub jay (WJ; Aphelocoma californica). The birds were given a choice between two lines of peanuts that differed in initial quantity ranging from 2 vs 8 to 14 vs 16. Their choices were recorded until all peanuts were eaten or cached. Whereas non-social WJ selected the larger quantity across all the trials significantly more than chance, social MJ selected the larger line only when the difference in the number of peanuts between lines was small. In MJ, individual choice when selecting the large or small quantity was influenced by what line the previous bird had chosen when the difference in lines was large, with followers significantly more likely to select the smaller quantity. WJ were not significantly affected by the choices of other individuals. The only factors that influenced WJ choice were ratio and total differences between the two quantities. These results suggests that in certain scenarios, both species can discriminate between different quantities. However, MJ were greatly influenced by social factors, a previously untested factor, while WJ were only influenced by ratio and total difference between the quantities, consistent with findings in other species. Overall, this study demonstrates the important role of sociality in numerical cognitive performance, a previously overlooked factor.
|
['Animals', 'Choice Behavior', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Male', 'Passeriformes', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Environment']
| 27,036,232
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620'], ['F01.145.813'], ['I01.880.853.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis on drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influencing factors in six provinces of China].
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the drug-resistance of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from the tuberculosis(TB)patients in six provinces in China and related risk factors, and provide evidences for the effective prevention and treatment of drug resistant TB.METHODS: Six provinces were selected from China. The background information of the TB patients was investigated with questionnaire survey, and the drug susceptibilities of the clinical M. tuberculosis strains to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and streptomycin were tested by means of the proportional drug susceptibility test. Then the results and related risk factors were analyzed with software SPSS 20.0.RESULTS: The overall drug resistant rate and multi drug-resistant(MDR)rate were 23.42% and 13.51% respectively. The overall drug resistant rate and MDR rate in Beijing, Jilin, Hunan, Henan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang were 21.50%, 12.24%, 36.27%, 42.86%, 27.78%, 24.39% and 4.67%, 8.16%, 24.51%, 26.53%, 15.28%, 14.15%, respectively. The ÷(2) analysis results showed that the differences in single drug-resistant rate, overall drug resistant rate and MDR rate in these provinces had significant differences(P=0.000). The univariate statistical analysis results showed that the retreatment for TB and TB treatment history were the risk factors associated with drug resistance(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The drug resistance of TB was very serious in China, but the TB drug resistance varied with province. The preventive intervention should be strengthened against all the major risk factors associated with the drug resistance for the better prevention and control of TB.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'China', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Ethambutol', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Prevalence', 'Rifampin', 'Risk Factors', 'Streptomycin', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant']
| 27,453,102
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D09.408.051.885'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Population Genetics of Hirsutella rhossiliensis, a Dominant Parasite of Cyst Nematode Juveniles on a Continental Scale.
|
Hirsutella rhossiliensis is a parasite of juvenile nematodes, effective against a diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes. Its global distribution on various nematode hosts and its genetic variation for several geographic regions have been reported, while the global population genetic structure and factors underlying patterns of genetic variation of H. rhossiliensis are unclear. In this study, 87 H. rhossiliensis strains from five nematode species (Globodera sp., Criconemella xenoplax, Rotylenchus robustus, Heterodera schachtii, and Heterodera glycines) in Europe, the United States, and China were investigated by multilocus sequence analyses. A total of 280 variable sites (frequency, 0.6%) at eight loci and six clustering in high accordance with geographic populations or host nematode-associated populations were identified. Although H. rhossiliensis is currently recognized as an asexual fungus, recombination events were frequently detected. In addition, significant genetic isolation by geography and nematode hosts was revealed. Overall, our analyses showed that recombination, geographic isolation, and nematode host adaptation have played significant roles in the evolutionary history of H. rhossiliensis IMPORTANCE: H. rhossiliensis has great potential for use as a biocontrol agent to control nematodes in a sustainable manner as an endoparasitic fungus. Therefore, this study has important implications for the use of H. rhossiliensis as a biocontrol agent and provides interesting insights into the biology of this species.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'China', 'Cysts', 'Europe', 'Genetic Variation', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Hypocreales', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Tylenchoidea']
| 27,542,936
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['Z01.542'], ['G05.365'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B01.300.107.501'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['G05.728'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.984.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Reconstruction of anal stenosis induced by scar contracture after repair of defect in perineal region with paraumbilical flap using random pattern flap].
|
Objective: To investigate the method and timing of reconstruction of anal stenosis induced by scar contracture after repair of defect in perineal region with paraumbilical flap using random pattern flap. Methods: Ten patients who suffered anal stenosis induced by scar contracture after the first phase repair of defect of perineal region with paraumbilical flap were hospitalized from July 2009 to September 2015. Eight patients were with central type scar contracture of perineal region after healing of burn wound, and two patients were with lesion of perineal region which had been excised. In 6 to 8 weeks after the first phase surgery, two or three random pattern flaps were designed around the narrow anus in the survived paraumbilical flap. After thorough release of the narrow anus, the random pattern flaps were transferred to enlarge the anus. The tip of the lifted triangular flap was transferred to insert into the anal canal. The skin of anal canal or rectal mucosa was pulled out to be crossly-stitched with the flap. Results: All the patients' narrow anuses were released and enlarged with one operation, and the diameters of the narrow anuses were enlarged to 2.0 to 3.0 cm. During follow-up of 6 to 36 months, the anal stenosis was totally released, and the symptom of difficult defecation was significantly improved; 7 patients were excellent and 3 patients were good with evaluation of clinical criteria of anus function; no symptom of anal stenosis or rectal mucosal prolapse was observed any more. Conclusions: In 6 to 8 weeks post repair of defect in perineal region with paraumbilical flap, designing of random pattern flap in the survived paraumbilical flap to enlarge and reconstruct the narrow anus has good therapeutic effects on anatomical narrow and difficult defecation.
|
['Adult', 'Anal Canal', 'Cicatrix', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Contracture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Perineum', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Skin', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Wound Healing']
| 27,894,384
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['A10.165.450.300', 'C23.550.355.274', 'G16.762.891.249'], ['C23.300.287'], ['C05.550.323', 'C05.651.197'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.719'], ['E04.680'], ['A17.815'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Systemic inflammation enhances stimulant-induced striatal dopamine elevation.
|
Changes in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system are implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions including addiction, depression and schizophrenia. Dysfunction of the neuroimmune system is often comorbid with such conditions and affects similar areas of the brain. The goal of this study was to use positron emission tomography with the dopamine D2 antagonist tracer, 11C-raclopride, to explore the effect of acute immune activation on striatal DA levels. DA transmission was modulated by an oral methylphenidate (MP) challenge in order to reliably elicit DA elevation. Elevation in DA concentration due to MP was estimated via change in 11C-raclopride binding potential from the baseline scan. Prior to the post-MP scan, subjects were pre-treated with either the immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or placebo (PBO) in a cross-over design. Immune activation was confirmed by measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFá), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentration in plasma. Eight healthy subjects were scanned four times each to determine the MP-induced DA elevation under both LPS and PBO pre-treatment conditions. MP-induced DA elevation in the striatum was significantly greater (P<0.01) after LPS pre-treatment compared to PBO pre-treatment. Seven of eight subjects responded similarly. This effect was observed in the caudate and putamen (P<0.02), but was not present in ventral striatum. DA elevation induced by MP was significantly greater when subjects were pre-treated with LPS compared to PBO. The amplification of stimulant-induced DA signaling in the presence of systemic inflammation may have important implications for our understanding of addiction and other diseases of DA dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Female', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Methylphenidate', 'Neostriatum', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Raclopride', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 28,350,401
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D02.241.223.601.600', 'D03.383.621.460'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D02.065.277.761', 'D02.241.223.100.100.761', 'D02.241.223.100.200.937', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.761', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.937'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Endorectal advancement flap in perianal Crohn's disease.
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing endorectal advancement flap repair for perianal Crohn's disease relative to the primary site of intestinal Crohn's disease. From January 1991 to December 1995, 31 consecutive endorectal advancement flap repairs were performed in 26 patients. The results relative to surgical outcomes, length of hospitalization, and recurrence were analyzed. The mean patient age was 40.2 years (range, 16-70). Type of fistulas included: rectovaginal: 20 (64.5%), fistula in ano: 8 (25.8%), rectourethral: 1 (3.2%) and others: 2 (6.5%). The mean length of follow-up was 17.3 (range 3-60) months. The mean length of hospitalization was 3.7 (range 2-5) days. A temporary diverting stoma was created in 6 patients with a 66.7% (4/6) surgical success rate. Twenty-one of the 26 patients had previous procedures consisting of 12 (38.7%) bowel resections, 6 (19.4%) seton placements, 4 (12.9%) drainages, and 6 (19.4%) diverting ileostomies. Eleven patients had multiple procedures. Ultimately, fistulas were eradicated in 22 (71%) cases, including 15 (75%) of the 20 with rectovaginal fistulas and 7 (63.6%) of the 11 with other fistulas. There was no mortality; morbidity included a flap retraction in 1 patient, who required antibiotics for 5 days and bleeding in 1 patient, who required reoperation. Success was noted in 2 of 8 (25%) patients with small bowel Crohn's disease as compared to 20 of 23 (87%) patients without small bowel Crohn's disease (P < 0.05). Endorectal advancement flap is an effective surgical modality for the treatment of fistulas due to perianal Crohn's disease but is less apt to succeed in patients with concomitant small bowel Crohn's disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Crohn Disease', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectal Fistula', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,486,887
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.267.550.600', 'C06.405.469.471.600', 'C06.405.469.860.752', 'C23.300.575.185.550.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unraveling sterol-dependent membrane phenotypes by analysis of protein abundance-ratio distributions in different membrane fractions under biochemical and endogenous sterol depletion.
|
During the last decade, research on plasma membrane focused increasingly on the analysis of so-called microdomains. It has been shown that function of many membrane-associated proteins involved in signaling and transport depends on their conditional segregation within sterol-enriched membrane domains. High throughput proteomic analysis of sterol-protein interactions are often based on analyzing detergent resistant membrane fraction enriched in sterols and associated proteins, which also contain proteins from these microdomain structures. Most studies so far focused exclusively on the characterization of detergent resistant membrane protein composition and abundances. This approach has received some criticism because of its unspecificity and many co-purifying proteins. In this study, by a label-free quantitation approach, we extended the characterization of membrane microdomains by particularly studying distributions of each protein between detergent resistant membrane and detergent-soluble fractions (DSF). This approach allows a more stringent definition of dynamic processes between different membrane phases and provides a means of identification of co-purifying proteins. We developed a random sampling algorithm, called Unicorn, allowing for robust statistical testing of alterations in the protein distribution ratios of the two different fractions. Unicorn was validated on proteomic data from methyl-â-cyclodextrin treated plasma membranes and the sterol biosynthesis mutant smt1. Both, chemical treatment and sterol-biosynthesis mutation affected similar protein classes in their membrane phase distribution and particularly proteins with signaling and transport functions.
|
['Algorithms', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Membrane Microdomains', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Methyltransferases', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Mutation', 'Plant Cells', 'Plant Leaves', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sterols', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 24,030,099
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['E05.242.251'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['A11.284.149.165.570'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.750'], ['A18.024.812'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy on outcome measures in patients with chronic heart failure and cheyne-stokes respiration.
|
BACKGROUND: The effects of nasal oxygen (O(2)) supply at night using conventional home oxygen therapy (HOT) equipment on quality of life (QOL) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were evaluated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Nasal nocturnal O(2) therapy not only stabilizes SDB but also reduces sympathetic activity, and improves exercise capacity in patients with CHF. However, the effects of oxygen on the cardiac function and QOL of heart failure patients have not been fully elucidated.METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with CHF (New York Heart Association class II - III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <or=45%) and central sleep apnea (CSA) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) were randomly assigned to receive either nocturnal O(2) (HOT group, n=25) or usual breathing (control group, n=31) for 12 weeks. Respiration, airflow and arterial oxygen levels were monitored with determination of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) during sleep. LV function was determined by radionuclide angiography or echocardiography. QOL was assessed by the Specific Activity Scale questionnaire. In the HOT group, nocturnal O(2) resulted in significant improvements in AHI (21.0 +/- 10.8 to 10.0+/-11.6 events/h, mean +/- SD, p<0.001), ODI (19.5 +/- 9.8 to 5.9 +/- 8.7 dips/h, p<0.001) and Specific Activity scale (4.0 +/- 1.2 to 5.0 +/- 1.5 Mets, p<0.001). LVEF also increased from baseline to the end of the study (34.7 +/- 10.4 to 38.2 +/- 13.6%, p=0.022).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with stable CHF and CSR, HOT at night improves SDB, LV function and QOL, and thus is a valuable nonpharmacological option for the treatment of patients with CHF and CSR-CSA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cheyne-Stokes Respiration', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Inhalation Therapy', 'Quality of Life', 'Reference Values', 'Sleep', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 16,377,916
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.618.182', 'C23.888.852.227'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.880.690'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pathway analysis of two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis GWAS highlights shared genetic signals with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the third most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to unravel more genetic etiology of ALS, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted. However, the newly identified ALS susceptibility loci exert only very small risk effects and cannot fully explain the underlying ALS genetic risk. A large proportion of the heritability of ALS is still to be explained. Recently, pathway analysis of GWAS has been used to investigate the mechanisms of AD and PD. We think that AD or PD risk pathways may also be involved in ALS. In order to confirm this view, we conducted a pathway analysis of two independent ALS GWAS. We identified multiple classifications of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to metabolism, immune system and diseases, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, cellular processes, and nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases to be the consistent signals in the two ALS GWAS. On the single pathway level, we identified 12 shared pathways. We compared the findings from ALS GWAS with those of previous pathway analyses of AD and PD GWAS. The results further supported the involvement of AD and PD risk pathways in ALS. We believe that our results may advance the understanding of ALS mechanisms and will be very useful for future genetic studies.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Signal Transduction']
| 24,647,822
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The relationship of patients' cognitive status and therapists' ratings of psychological distress among psychoactive substance users in long-term residential treatment.
|
Patients in a long-term residential substance abuse treatment program (N = 168) were asked to complete the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), a brief inventory that measures psychological distress in nine symptom areas. Using the Symptom Checklist-90 Analogue (SCL-90 Analogue), which allows raters to assess patients along the same dimensions measured by the SCL-90-R, therapists also estimated the degree of psychological distress they observed in their patients. Significantly larger discrepancies were found between therapists' ratings of their patients and patients' ratings of themselves when patients were cognitively impaired (N = 57) than when patients did not display these decrements (N = 111). Furthermore, these patient-therapist assessment differences were negatively related to measures of patients' participation in treatment and length of stay in the program. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Long-Term Care', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Personality Assessment', 'Psychotherapy', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Substance Abuse Treatment Centers', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 7,580,230
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['F03.615.250'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.754'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['N02.278.035.128.800', 'N02.278.808.930'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Feasibility of Group Problem Management Plus (PM+) to improve mental health and functioning of adults in earthquake-affected communities in Nepal.
|
AIMS: Psychological interventions that are brief, acceptable, effective and can be delivered by non-specialists are especially necessary in low- and middle-income countries, where mental health systems are unable to address the high level of psychosocial needs. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a five-session intervention designed for those impaired by psychological distress while living in communities affected by adversity. Individual PM+ has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing distress in Kenya and Pakistan, and a group version of PM+ (Group PM+) was effective for conflict-affected women in Pakistan. This paper describes a feasibility and acceptability trial of locally adapted Group PM+ for women and men in an earthquake-affected region of rural Nepal.METHODS: In this feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial, participants in the experimental arm were offered five sessions of Group PM+ and participants in the control arm received enhanced usual care (EUC), which entailed brief psycho-education and providing referral options to primary care services with health workers trained in the mental health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG). A mixed-methods design was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of Group PM+. Feasibility was assessed with criteria including fidelity and retention of participants. Acceptability was assessed through in-depth interviews with participants, family members, programme staff and other stakeholders. The primary clinical outcome was depression symptoms assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) administered at baseline and 8-8.5 weeks post-baseline (i.e. after completion of Group PM+ or EUC).RESULTS: We recruited 121 participants (83% women and 17% men), with equal allocation to the Group PM+ and EUC arms (1:1). Group PM+ was delivered over five 2.5-3 hour sessions by trained and supervised gender-matched local non-specialists, with an average attendance of four out of five sessions. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated feasibility and acceptability for non-specialists to deliver Group PM+. Though the study was not powered to assess for effectiveness, for all five key outcome measures, including the primary clinical outcome, the estimated mean improvement was larger in the Group PM+ arm than the EUC arm.CONCLUSION: The intervention and trial procedures were acceptable to participants, family members, and programme staff. The communities and participants found the intervention to be beneficial. Because feasibility and acceptability were established in this trial, a fully powered randomised controlled trial will be conducted for larger scale implementation to determine the effectiveness of the intervention in Nepal.
|
['Adult', 'Depression', 'Earthquakes', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Nepal', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Psychotherapy, Group', 'Rural Population', 'Survivors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,452,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['G01.311.250', 'N06.230.100.230.200'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F04.754.864.581'], ['N01.600.725'], ['M01.860'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Contribution of cardiogenic oscillations to gas exchange in constant-flow ventilation.
|
The contribution of cardiogenic oscillations to gas exchange during constant-flow ventilation was examined in 11 dogs. With the use of two variations of cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain the systemic and pulmonary circulation, the influence of cardiogenic oscillations was removed by arresting the heart. Cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation was associated with a mean decrease in alveolar ventilation of 43% in five dogs on right and left heart bypass. However, successful defibrillation and return of the prearrest level of alveolar ventilation could not be achieved; thus we studied six dogs on left heart bypass. Alveolar ventilation decreased an average of 37% with cardiac arrest, and defibrillation resulted in a return of alveolar ventilation to 81% of the prearrest value. These results are consistent with previous predictions that cardiogenic oscillations are an important mechanism of gas transport during constant-flow ventilation.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Dogs', 'Heart', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Respiration, Artificial']
| 3,115,941
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E04.292.413'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.541'], ['A04.411.715'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosans self-assemble onto bacterial and fungal biofilms and kill adherent microorganisms.
|
Formation of biofilms on solid surfaces is a long-standing challenge to multiple medical and health-related applications. Once formed, biofilms are very difficult to destroy, and microorganisms in biofilms are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than their free-floating counterparts. The current antimicrobial agents/disinfectants often have low residence time on biofilms, leading to low antimicrobial effect on biofilm microorganisms. We designed and synthesized an amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosan (CS612) as biocompatible antimicrobial agents that bind onto preformed biofilms to kill adherent microorganisms. CS612 was synthesized through an external acid-free approach, and showed excellent concentration-dependent cytocompatibility toward mammalian cells. Antimicrobial functions of CS612 were confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. CS612 rapidly bound onto preformed bacterial and fungal biofilms, and killed adherent microorganisms living in the biofilms. The biofilm-binding kinetic parameters were determined, pointing to a new strategy to manage microorganisms in biofilms and their accompanying problems.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Biofilms', 'Chitosan', 'Fungi', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds']
| 30,399,475
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['B03'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['B01.300'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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