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Signaling reactions induced in human fibroblasts during adhesion to cementum-derived attachment protein.
|
Cementum-derived attachment protein (CAP) is a Mr 56,000 collagenous protein which promotes the adhesion and spreading of mesenchymal cell types. The CAP promotes the adhesion of osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells better than gingival fibroblasts, while epithelial cells do not adhere to CAP-coated surfaces. To understand the mechanisms involved in CAP action, we have studied the signal transduction events induced by the CAP in human fibroblasts during cell adhesion. Human gingival fibroblasts were serum starved for 48 h, trypsinized, and added to non-tissue culture plastic plates previously coated with CAP. At various time points, attached cells were examined for induction of signaling reactions. Adherence of cells to plates coated with CAP caused tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins migrating on PAGE with molecular mass of 125-130, 85, 70, and 42-44 kDa. We identified focal adhesion kinase p125FAK and p130Cas as components of the 125-130 kDa protein band; however, p125FAK was the major phosphorylated component. ERK-1 and ERK-2 were detected in the 42-44 kDa protein band, but only the ERK-2, not ERK-1, was phosphorylated. Adhesion to CAP-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and induced the expression of c-fos mRNA. Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos mRNA expression were not induced in unattached cells, and adhesion was not abolished by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genestein. MAPK activity and c-fos mRNA expression were not induced in monolayer cultures, indicating that these reactions are induced by adhesion and not necessary for cell adhesion. The kinetics of MAPK activation were different from cells attaching on fibronectin (FN) or polylysine, and c-fos mRNA levels increased only half as much on FN and very little on polylysine. These data demonstrated that CAP and other adhesion molecules present in mineralized tissue matrices induce characteristic signaling events during adhesion, which may play a role in recruitment of specific cell types during wound healing and in mediating their specific biological functions.
|
['Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Collagen', 'Dental Cementum', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction']
| 9,893,067
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A14.549.167.646.267', 'A14.549.167.900.250'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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|
Development of rapid canine fecal source identification PCR-based assays.
|
The extent to which dogs contribute to aquatic fecal contamination is unknown despite the potential for zoonotic transfer of harmful human pathogens. We used genome fragment enrichment (GFE) to identify novel nonribosomal microbial genetic markers potentially useful for detecting dog fecal contamination with PCR-based methods in environmental samples. Of the 679 sequences obtained from GFE, we used 84 for the development of PCR assays targeting putative canine-associated genetic markers. Twelve genetic markers were shown to be prevalent among dog fecal samples and were rarely found in other animals. Three assays, DG3, DG37, and DG72, performed best in terms of specificity and sensitivity and were used for the development of SYBR Green and TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. qPCR analysis of 244 fecal samples collected from a wide geographic range indicated that marker concentrations were below limits of detection in noncanine hosts. As a proof-of-concept, these markers were detected in urban stormwater samples, suggesting a future application of newly developed methods for water quality monitoring.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Biological Assay', 'Cyclonic Storms', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Dogs', 'Feces', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genome', 'Humans', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sewage', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Quality']
| 25,203,917
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.091'], ['G16.500.175.500', 'N06.230.100.230.100'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A12.459'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.360.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.750', 'N06.850.460.790.730']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Heterogeneity of 3'untranslated region of bovine acidic FGF transcripts.
|
A bovine aFGF genomic clone (14.2 Kb) has been isolated and characterized. This clone contains exons 2 and 3 interrupted by 6.7 Kb long intron. Exon 3 contains part of the coding region and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Two overlapping cDNA clones specific for this 3'UTR have been isolated from bovine retina cDNA libraries or after amplification of RNA by the RACE technique. Analysis of these clones and RNAse protection assay demonstrate alternative termination of aFGF transcripts giving rise to differently sized 3'UTR of 2.5 Kb and at least 3.9 Kb. The sequence of these long 3'UTR is highly conserved among species (70% identity between human and rat) which suggests an important role for aFGF expression.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cattle', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Exons', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 1', 'Gene Library', 'Introns', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Poly A', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Retina', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,374,244
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.644.276.624.110', 'D12.776.467.624.110', 'D23.529.624.110'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['A09.371.729'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Infections due to Lancefield group G streptococci.
|
The group G streptococcus has surfaced in the past 10 to 15 years as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Although more precise organism recognition accounts for a portion of these cases, there can be little doubt that the group G streptococcus has become a more prevalent pathogen. Commercial kits, utilizing staphylococcal coagglutination or latex agglutination, are now available, affording all clinical laboratories the opportunity to identify this organism easily. Published reviews encompassing the experiences of a single institution or even several institutions affiliated with a single medical center, particularly as they were influenced by referral patterns, did not reflect the broad scope of infections that we discovered by extending our survey into the community, beyond the medical center complex and its immediate affiliated hospitals. Although malignancy is the single most obvious background factor, alcoholism and diabetes are also important host determinants of infection. Skin and soft-tissue infections (and surface sources of infection) are equally important among patients with or without the element of malignancy. Polymicrobial infection, including polymicrobial bacteremia, is an important feature, with S. aureus infections accounting for most of these cases, relating to the skin and soft tissue sources of infections so commonly seen. We saw a panorama of problems including endocarditis, septic arthritis, pleuropulmonary infections, bone and joint infections, puerperal sepsis and neonatal infection, peritonitis and ophthalmitis; we also saw a significant number of patients with bacteremia and no apparent primary source of infection. Response to antibiotic therapy was dictated by the nature of the underlying diseases, and individuals without a background of malignant disease did well, particularly those with skin and soft-tissue infections. While the literature suggests that patients with endocarditis and septic arthritis due to this organism respond poorly to antibiotic therapy, implying that such failures relate to in vitro antibiotic phenomena, we preferred to examine the problem from the viewpoint of the host(s) involved. Subacute endocarditis and acute endocarditis due to the group G streptococcus may be clinically separable, and thus require separate therapeutic approaches. In patients with septic arthritis, prosthetic devices, prior joint disease and immunosuppressive diseases and therapy often adversely influence the response to antibiotic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Abortion, Septic', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Pleuropneumonia', 'Pregnancy', 'Puerperal Infection', 'Sepsis', 'Skin Diseases, Infectious', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus']
| 3,974,442
|
[['C01.674.173', 'C13.703.039.256', 'C13.703.700.173'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C17.300'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['C01.748.582.473', 'C01.748.610.473', 'C08.381.677.473', 'C08.528.735.473', 'C08.730.582.473', 'C08.730.610.473'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674.715', 'C13.703.700.715', 'C13.703.844.757'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.800', 'C17.800.838'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 0
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Looking out for family caregivers.
|
Nurses are regularly advised to become involved in community development initiatives, but what exactly does this entail and what are the precautions that should be considered? A 10-week, government sponsored, community-development program for family caregivers allowed nurses to offer education and support to six under-serviced areas of B.C. They offer a critique of the program and recommendations for the future.
|
['Caregivers', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Family', 'Humans', 'Social Support']
| 8,715,522
|
[['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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Comparison of BACTEC 12B vs solid media for the recovery of Mycobacterium avium complex from blood cultures in AIDS patients.
|
We compared liquid (BACTEC 12B) and solid culture media for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avian complex (MAC) bacteremia among 258 AIDS patients with a positive blood culture. Neither culture media alone had adequate sensitivity; BACTEC 12B detected growth earlier. Use of both liquid and solid media may improve the yield of mycobacterial blood culture.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Culture Media', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Mycobacterium avium Complex', 'Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 9,218,919
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.720.100', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.720.100'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475.495'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of two different approaches in the detection of intermittent cardiorespiratory coordination during night sleep.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective was to evaluate and to compare two completely different detection algorithms of intermittent (short-term) cardiorespiratory coordination during night sleep. The first method is based on a combination of respiratory flow and electrocardiogram recordings and determines the relative phases of R waves between successive onsets of inspiration. Intermittent phase coordination is defined as phase recurrence with accuracy alpha over at least k heartbeats. The second, recently introduced method utilizes only binary coded variations of heart rate (acceleration = 1, deceleration = 0) and identifies binary pattern classes which can be assigned to respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). It is hypothesized that RSA pattern class recurrence over at least k heartbeats is strongly related with the intermittent phase coordination defined above.RESULTS: Both methods were applied to night time recordings of 20 healthy subjects. In subjects <45 yrs and setting k = 3 and alpha = 0.03, the phase and RSA pattern recurrence were highly correlated. Furthermore, in most subjects the pattern predominance (PP) showed a pronounced oscillation which is most likely linked with the dynamics of sleep stages. However, the analysis of bivariate variation and the use of surrogate data suggest that short-term phase coordination mainly resulted from central adjustment of heart rate and respiratory rate rather than from real phase synchronization due to physiological interaction.CONCLUSION: Binary pattern analysis provides essential information on short-term phase recurrence and reflects nighttime sleep architecture, but is only weakly linked with true phase synchronization which is rare in physiological processes of man.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Sleep Stages', 'Sleep, REM']
| 12,464,159
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.772'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of the distribution of human jejunal mast cells including the relation to age, sex, height, weight, and possible allergic manifestations.
|
The median number of mast cells (with 95% confidence interval) in jejunal specimens from 79 individuals was 108 (93-121)/mm2 section area. The distribution was unimodal and slightly skewed to the right. No relation was found between mast cell number and sex, age, height, or weight. A history of possible allergic manifestations did not influence the mast cell number.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Cell Count', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors']
| 3,992,170
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparing three screening strategies for combining first- and second-trimester Down syndrome markers.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the choices and tradeoffs inherent in 3 published strategies that combine first- and second-trimester markers for Down syndrome screening.METHODS: Published marker distributions for Down syndrome and unaffected pregnancies in the first and second trimesters were combined with a maternal age distribution and age-associated Down syndrome risk in a statistical model to compare sequential, contingent, and integrated screening.RESULTS: Sequential and contingent screening strategies are always less efficient (higher false-positive rate for a given detection rate) than integrated screening, but the reduction in efficiency is dependent on the combination of risk cutoffs chosen. At a fixed false-positive rate, sequential and contingent strategies perform better when a higher proportion of the false positives occur in the second trimester. For all 3 strategies, increasing the overall false-positive rate from 2% to 5% increases detection (from approximately 85% to 91%). Although associated with reduced screening efficiency compared with integrated screening, both sequential and contingent screening identify the majority of detected Down syndrome cases early. With contingent screening, the process is also completed in the first trimester for most women.CONCLUSION: Integrated screening is the most efficient of the 3 strategies, but it is possible to select risk cutoffs for both sequential and contingent strategies that minimize losses in efficiency while maintaining early detection and early completion. For all of these strategies, well-designed intervention trials are needed to determine acceptability to women and providers in primary care settings and to assess real-world performance.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Decision Trees', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Prenatal Diagnosis']
| 16,449,126
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['G17.162.500'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E01.370.378.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Different stresses, similar morphogenic responses: integrating a plethora of pathways.
|
Exposure of plants to mild chronic stress can cause induction of specific, stress-induced morphogenic responses (SIMRs). These responses are characterized by a blockage of cell division in the main meristematic tissues, an inhibition of elongation and a redirected outgrowth of lateral organs. Key elements in the ontogenesis of this phenotype appear to be stress-affected gradients of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, auxin and ethylene. These gradients are present at the the organismal level, but are integrated on the cellular level, affecting cell division, cell elongation and/or cell differentiation. Our analysis of the literature indicates that stress-induced modulation of plant growth is mediated by a plethora of molecular interactions, whereby different environmental signals can trigger similar morphogenic responses. At least some of the molecular interactions that underlie morphogenic responses appear to be interchangeable. We speculate that this complexity can be viewed in terms of a thermodynamic model, in which not the specific pathway, but the achieved metabolic state is biologically conserved.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Cell Division', 'Ethylenes', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Cells', 'Plant Development', 'Plants', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 19,021,890
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D02.455.326.271.367'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A11.750'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['B01.650'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous tracheal and oesophageal pH measurements in asthmatic patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux.
|
BACKGROUND: An association between asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux is well recognised but the underlying mechanism is unclear. One suggestion is that gastric juice is aspirated into the tracheal and upper airways but detection of these events is difficult and involves radioisotopic studies. A new method of making direct measurements of tracheal and oesophageal pH over a 24 hour period is described, together with its application to patients with asthma.METHODS: The technique involves insertion of simultaneous tracheal and oesophageal pH probes under general anaesthesia. Continuous monitoring of pH over a 24 hour period is possible, permitting comparison with peak flow readings during wakefulness and at night should the patient be disturbed. Representative data from four patients with asthma (mean FEV1 62% predicted) and symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux, together with data from three non-asthmatics, is presented.RESULTS: Thirty seven episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux lasting more than five minutes were recorded. Of these, five were closely followed by a fall in tracheal pH from a mean (SE) of 7.1 (0.2) to 4.1 (0.4) and a fall in peak expiratory flow (PEFR) of 84 (16) l/min. When gastro-oesophageal reflux occurred without tracheal aspiration the fall in PEFR was 8 (4) l/min.CONCLUSIONS: This new technique was well tolerated and allowed quantitation of the number, duration, and timing of episodes of tracheal micro-aspiration. Unlike acid reflux without aspiration, these events appear to be related to significant acute changes in lung function in asthmatic patients. Further studies with this new method may elucidate the role of gastro-oesophageal reflux in asthma.
|
['Asthma', 'Esophagus', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Trachea']
| 7,701,464
|
[['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E01.370.520'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional characterization of novel allelic variants of CYP2C9 recently discovered in southeast Asians.
|
CYP2C9 was recently resequenced in 150 Asian subjects from Singapore. Several new coding variants were reported, and these variants are now named CYP2C9*14 (R125H), CYP2C9*15 (S162X), CYP2C9*16 (T299A), CYP2C9*17 (P382S), CYP2C9*18 (D397A), and CYP2C9*19 (Q454H). The CYP2C9*18 variant also contained an I359L change previously associated with the CYP2C9*3 allele. In this study, we assessed the functional consequences of the new coding changes. cDNAs containing each of the new coding changes were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in a bacterial cDNA expression system, the allelic proteins were partially purified, and their ability to hydroxylate a prototype CYP2C9 substrate was assayed. Expression of cDNAs in Escherichia coli containing either the D397A change or the S162X (premature stop codon) could not be detected either spectrally or at the apoprotein level. CYP2C9.14 and CYP2C9.16 exhibited 80 to 90% lower catalytic activity toward tolbutamide at two substrate concentrations compared with wild-type CYP2C9.1. Kinetic analysis confirmed that CYP2C9.14 and CYP2C9.16 have a higher Km and a >90% lower intrinsic clearance of tolbutamide compared with wild-type CYP2C9.1. Both CYP2C9.17 and CYP2C9.19 proteins exhibited modest 30 to 40% decreases in catalytic activity toward tolbutamide. Thus, CYP2C9*15 and CYP2C9*18 may represent null alleles, whereas CYP2C9*14 and CYP2C9*16 allelic variants produce proteins that are clearly catalytically defective in vitro, indicating the existence of new defective putative alleles of CYP2C9 in Asians.
|
['Alleles', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Catalysis', 'China', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Hydroxylation', 'India', 'Kinetics', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Singapore', 'Tolbutamide']
| 16,099,926
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['G02.130'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.828'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['D02.065.950.828.896', 'D02.886.590.795.896']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effects of sustained reduction of enteric methane emissions with dietary supplementation of 3-nitrooxypropanol on growth performance of growing and finishing beef cattle.
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The study objective was to evaluate the effects of sustained reduction of enteric methane (CH) emissions with dietary supplementation of the inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of growing and finishing beef cattle. Eighty-four crossbred steers were used in a 238-d feeding study and fed a backgrounding diet for the first 105 d (backgrounding phase) and transition diets for 28 d followed by a finishing diet for 105 d (finishing phase) with 3 doses of NOP (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg DM). The experiment was a completely randomized design using 21 pens (4 cattle/pen) with 7 pens per treatment. When cattle were fed the backgrounding diet, pen DMI was reduced ( < 0.01) whereas G:F tended to improve ( = 0.06) with increasing dose of NOP supplementation. During the finishing phase, DMI ( = 0.06) and ADG ( = 0.07) tended to decrease with increasing dose of NOP supplementation. Although both levels of NOP were effective in reducing CH emissions from the backgrounding diet ( < 0.01), only NOP supplemented at the highest dose was effective in reducing total CH emissions from the finishing diet ( < 0.01). Methane yield (g/kg DMI) was reduced whereas hydrogen emissions were increased at the highest dose of NOP supplementation with both backgrounding and finishing diets ( < 0.01). Overall, these results demonstrate efficacy of NOP in reducing enteric CH emissions from cattle fed backgrounding and finishing diets, and these effects were negated once NOP supplementation was discontinued.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Male', 'Methane', 'Propanols']
| 27,285,700
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['D02.033.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Posttraumatic Sequelae.
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OBJECTIVES: The sequelae of proximal humeral fractures can produce severe shoulder dysfunction. We assessed the results of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for these complex problems.DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study.SETTING: Tertiary care referral hospitals.PATIENTS: A total of 26 patients were identified who had undergone RSA for the sequelae of proximal humeral fractures. Twenty patients had follow-up beyond 2 years, averaging 44 months (range, 27-97). Patients with revision prosthetic surgery were not included in the study. The average age at surgery was 67 years (range, 31-89).INTERVENTION: All patients underwent RSA. In addition, 4 shoulders required allografts to compensate for bone loss, and 1 shoulder concomitant internal fixation of a humeral shaft nonunion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome measurement was the Neer scale. Pain relief, range of motion, and American shoulder and elbow surgeon and Simple shoulder test shoulder outcome scores were also assessed.RESULTS: Overall results in the 20 patients were considered excellent in 8 shoulders, satisfactory in 6, and unsatisfactory in 6. There was significant improvement in the visual analog pain score to 1.9 (P = 0.005), forward elevation to 137 degrees (P < 0.001), and external rotation to 39 degrees (P = 0.0002). The mean American shoulder and elbow surgeon score was 65 and the mean Simple shoulder test 6. Complications included 1 deep infection, 2 transient brachial plexopathies, and 2 cases of dislocation.CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of the deformed proximal humerus from fracture sequelae with RSA is complex and often requires advanced surgical techniques. Complications are not infrequent and may require further surgery. Nevertheless, satisfactory results can be achieved in most patients.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder', 'Female', 'Fracture Healing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Shoulder Fractures', 'Shoulder Pain', 'Shoulder Prosthesis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 26,270,461
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.299', 'E04.650.110.299', 'E04.680.101.110.299'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.404.625', 'C26.803.250'], ['C05.550.091.700', 'C23.888.592.612.094.700', 'F02.830.816.444.350.500', 'G11.561.790.444.350.500'], ['E07.695.400.852'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A simulator-based approach to training in aeronautical decision making.
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The effectiveness of a simulator-based approach to training pilot skills in risk assessment and decision making was evaluated in a sample of pilots enrolled in a university aviation science program. The 16 experimental group subjects received 4 hours (h) of classroom instruction designed to enhance pilot judgment skills, followed by 4 simulated cross-country flights during which several critical inflight events occurred. Subjects in the control group received classroom instruction in basic instrument flying, followed by simulator sessions emphasizing instrument flight. Measures of pilot judgment were obtained on all subjects before and after the training, and subjects in the experimental judgment-trained group performed significantly better on the posttraining simulation than did control group subjects. The findings suggest that significant gains in pilot decision-making skill can be obtained through the use of the judgment training materials along with simulator practice.
|
['Accidents, Aviation', 'Aerospace Medicine', 'Aircraft', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Risk Factors']
| 2,923,595
|
[['N06.850.135.185'], ['H02.403.029'], ['J01.937.285.100'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal hepatic hemangioma].
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OBJECTIVE: To review the application of medical imaging in diagnosis and management of fetal hepatic hemangioma.METHODS: Clinical data and imaging findings of 14 cases of fetal hepatic hemangioma, who were diagnosed prenatally and followed up in Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from February 2014 to September 2018 were retrospective reviewed.RESULTS: The fetal hepatic hemangiomas were single lesions in all 14 cases, and most of them were located in the right lobe of the liver (13/14). Ultrasound images were mainly hypoechoic with heterogeneity, the honeycomb-like or grid-like anechoic regions were presented in 9 lesions and circumferential blood flow was observed with low to moderate blood flow resistance index. MRI findings showed well-defined lesions with low signal intensity on T1WI, and high or slightly high signal intensity on T2WI. Among 14 cases, there were 8 cases of induced labor and 6 cases of continuing pregnancy. In 6 cases of successful delivery, 2 were treated with propranolol, 4 cases were followed-up without treatment. The growth and development of 6 children were normal. The lesions of hepatic hemangioma showed no significant changes in 3 children and were reduced in the other 3 children, of whom the lesion was complete disappeared in 1 case.CONCLUSIONS: Fetal hepatic hemangiomas present relatively typical imaging characteristics, and prenatal diagnosis can be made with ultrasound and MRI. If there are no complications, the fetus with hepatic hemangioma can be delivered at full term with a good outcome.
|
['Female', 'Fetus', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,901,050
|
[['A16.378'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Endoscopic intraventricular surgery for treatment of hydrocephalus and loculated CSF space in children less than one year of age.
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Controversy exists regarding whether children under 1 year of age have a higher risk of treatment failure after neuroendoscopic procedures for the treatment of hydrocephalus than older children. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical management and clinical outcome of 15 infants who underwent neuroendoscopic surgery for the treatment of CSF space loculation and hydrocephalus. We performed 8 third ventriculostomies, 3 endoscopic arachnoid cyst fenestrations, 2 aqueductoplasties, 1 septostomy and in 1 patient, three endoscopic fenestrations for isolated ventricular compartments. Two of the third ventriculostomies, 1 of the aqueductoplasties and the 1 septostomy failed, and these patients underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In all other patients, symptoms and signs related to hydrocephalus or CSF space loculation were relieved effectively after the endoscopic procedure. We conclude that neuroendoscopy presents an effective alternative for the treatment of hydrocephalus and CSF loculation in infants less than 1 year of age.
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['Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Third Ventricle', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 12,006,753
|
[['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A08.186.211.140.840'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Nano-Structural Effects on Gene Transfection: Large, Botryoid-Shaped Nanoparticles Enhance DNA Delivery via Macropinocytosis and Effective Dissociation.
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Effective delivery is the primary barrier against the clinical translation of gene therapy. Yet there remains too much unknown in the gene delivery mechanisms, even for the most investigated polymeric carrier (i.e., PEI). As a consequence, the conflicting results have been often seen in the literature due to the large variability in the experimental conditions and operations. Therefore, some key parameters should be identified and thus strictly controlled in the formulation process. Methods: The effect of the formulation processing parameters (e.g., concentration or mixture volume) and the resulting nanostructure properties on gene transfection have been rarely investigated. Two types of the PEI/DNA nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the same manner with the same dose but at different concentrations. The microstructure of the NPs and the transfection mechanisms were investigated through various microscopic methods. The therapeutic efficacy of the NPs was demonstrated in the cervical subcutaneous xenograft and peritoneal metastasis mouse models. Results: The high-concentration process (i.e., small reaction-volume) for mixture resulted in the large-sized PEI/DNA NPs that had a higher efficiency of gene transfection, compared to the small counterpart that was prepared at a low concentration. The microstructural experiments showed that the prepared small NPs were firmly condensed, whereas the large NPs were bulky and botryoid-shaped. The large NPs entered the tumor cells via the macropinocytosis pathway, and then efficiently dissociated in the cytoplasm and released DNA, thus promoting the intranuclear delivery. The enhanced in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the large NPs was demonstrated, indicating the promise for local-regional administration. Conclusion: This work provides better understanding of the effect of formulation process on nano-structural properties and gene transfection, laying a theoretical basis for rational design of the experimental process.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'DNA', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Mice, Nude', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms', 'Pinocytosis', 'Polyethyleneimine', 'Transfection', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,037,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['E05.624'], ['C04'], ['G04.417.370'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of chemiluminescence method for determination of 10-hydroxycamptothecin based on luminol-[Ag(HIO₆)₂]⁵⁻ reaction in alkaline solution.
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A novel chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the determination of 10-hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) based on the CL reaction between [Ag(HIO₆)₂]⁵⁻ and luminol in alkaline solution. CL emission of Ag(III) complex-luminol in alkaline medium was very different from that in acidic medium. A possible mechanism of enhanced CL emission was suggested. The enhanced effect of HCPT on CL emission of the [Ag(HIO₆)₂]⁵⁻-luminol system was found. The enhanced degree of CL emission was proportional to HCPT concentration. The effect of the reaction conditions on CL emission was examined. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection was 6.5 ? 10⁻⁹ g mL⁻?. The proposed method was applied for the determination of HCPT in real samples with the recoveries of 93.2-109% with the RSD of 1.7-3.3%.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Camptothecin', 'Humans', 'Limit of Detection', 'Luminescence', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Luminol']
| 20,812,199
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D03.132.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665', 'G01.590.540.665', 'G01.750.250.650.665', 'G01.750.770.578.665'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D03.383.710.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Corticotropin-releasing hormone activates ERK1/2 MAPK in specific brain areas.
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) coordinates hormonal and behavioral responses to stress. The mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mediates several functions in different forebrain structures and recently has been implicated in CRH signaling in cultured cells. To study in vivo CRH-mediated activation of central ERK1/2, we investigated the expression pattern of the phosphorylated ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2) in the mouse brain after intracerebroventricular CRH injections. As shown by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analysis, CRH administration increased p-ERK1/2 levels specifically in the CA3 and CA1 hippocampal subfields and basolateral complex of the amygdala, both structures related to external environmental information processing and behavioral aspects of stress. Other regions such as hypothalamic nuclei and the central nucleus of the amygdala, also related to central CRH system but involved in the processing of the ascending visceral information and neuroendocrine-autonomic response to stress, did not show CRH-mediated ERK1/2 activation. To dissect the involvement of CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) and CRHR2, we used conditional knockout mice in which Crhr1 is inactivated in the anterior forebrain and limbic structures. The conditional genetic ablation of Crhr1 inhibited the p-ERK1/2 increase, underlining the involvement of CRHR1 in the CRH-mediated activation. These findings underscore the fact that CRH activates p-ERK1/2 through CRHR1 only in selected brain regions, pointing to a specific role of this pathway in mediating behavioral adaptation to stress.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Organ Specificity', 'Prosencephalon']
| 15,833,812
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['G07.650'], ['A08.186.211.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Web-based training in occupational medicine.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our project was to develop and evaluate an interactive computer-based approach to teach medical students in occupational medicine. To enhance interest in occupational medicine the major focus was on clinical and practical aspects of occupational medicine.METHODS: The computer program was designed in HTML and JavaScript. It presents a guided tour of the patient's case history followed by information on practice and theory of occupational medicine. The program was integrated into the curriculum during the summer term of 1999 and the following winter term. To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of the program we asked students to rate the program on an 18-item questionnaire.RESULTS: Overall, 287 students participated in the evaluation of the program. The participants highly recommended the program structure and had no difficulties in handling the program. This was independent of the computer experience of the students. The evaluation showed that it was possible to enhance interest in occupational medicine by using "virtual patients".CONCLUSION: The program represents a student-orientated learning tool that points out clinical and practical aspects of occupational medicine. The availability via the Internet allows the application as a self-learning tool as well as a teaching tool for the medical curriculum.
|
['Humans', 'Internet', 'Occupational Medicine', 'Program Development', 'Program Evaluation', 'Software', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 12,592,582
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['H02.403.720.750.510'], ['N04.452.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['L01.224.900'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Refining criteria for providing the body with vitamin B2].
|
The following patterns should be recommended as a criterion of normal vitamin B2 requirements: the FAD-effect is no more than 1.25, the levels of riboflavin, more than 5 ng/ml in the plasma and more than 130 ng/ml in the erythrocytes. At the same time, the hourly urinary riboflavin excretion more than 10 g/h may be used as a criterion of normal vitamin B2 requirements in children of 5-7 years old. These values were obtained while analysing the many-year experimental data on riboflavin treatment and using the mathematical analysis of the dependence curves for the urinary riboflavin excretion, its levels in plasma and erythrocytes, and the value of the FAD effect, as well as deriving and mathematically interpreting the variation curvers for the distribution of the given value of the FAD effect and the plasma riboflavin levels for human beings after additional vitamin therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Erythrocytes', 'Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide', 'Humans', 'Riboflavin']
| 7,618,301
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650.249', 'D03.633.100.759.646.138.506', 'D03.633.300.507.650.249', 'D08.211.474.650.249', 'D13.695.667.138.506', 'D13.695.827.068.506', 'D23.767.405.650.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Differential stress protein mRNA expression during early ischaemic preconditioning in the rabbit heart and its relationship to adenosine receptor function.
|
The aim of this study was: (1) to elucidate in more detail the relationship between stress protein expression and brief periods of ischaemia and reperfusion, such as occur during early (classical) ischaemic preconditioning (PC) in the rabbit myocardium; (2) to determine whether stress protein expression is affected by adenosine receptor modulation, since adenosine is a mediator of the preconditioning response. We have studied the expression of the 60 kDa (hsp60); 70 kDa (hsp70-inducible and constitutive isoforms) and 27 kDa (hsp27) stress proteins and the mitochondrial ATP-synthase beta-subunit using Northern blotting. Hsp60, hsp70 and hsp27 expression were also determined at the protein level by Western blotting. Total RNA and proteins were prepared from frozen samples of ischaemic left ventricle and non-ischaemic right ventricle rabbit myocardium after the following treatments (1) sham-operated; (2) 15 min stabilization + 5 min coronary occlusion + 10 min reperfusion (PC); (3) PC + 30 min coronary occlusion (I); (4) PC + 30 min coronary occlusion + 2 h reperfusion (I/R) (5) the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulpho-phenyl) theophyline (SPT) given 5 min prior to PC; (6) the adenosine receptor agonist 2-chlorocyclopentyl-N6-adenosine (CCPA) given in place of PC. A transient, approximately two-fold elevation in hsp60 mRNA occurred following 5 min coronary occlusion + 10 min reperfusion (PC) which was stable during a subsequent 30 min ischaemia (I), but returned to baseline during the second (2 h) reperfusion (I/R). An inducible hsp70 mRNA species appeared within 10 min of the second (30 min) coronary occlusion (I) which continued to increase to high levels during the second (2 h) reperfusion (I/R). Hsp27 mRNA expression was not altered following PC or subsequent ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). ATP synthase beta-subunit mRNA did not change during PC or I but decreased during the subsequent 2 h reperfusion (I/R). Western blot analysis showed no change in left ventricle ischaemic zone hsp60, hsp70i/hsc70 or hsp27 protein during PC compared to an approximately two-fold elevation of hsp70i 24 h following whole body heat stress or 24 h following 4 x 5 min coronary occlusion (as reported by Marber et al., 1993). However, hsp70i, hsp60 and hsp27 showed significant decreases in immunodetectable protein following subsequent ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). SPT inhibited the increase in hsp60 mRNA following PC (P < or = 0.05), but had no effect on hsp70, hsp27 or ATP-synthase mRNA levels. Therefore, differential expression of mRNAs for hsp60 and hsp70 occurred following ischaemia and reperfusion, with hsp70 mRNA expression involving a significant reperfusion-dependent component. CCPA had no effect on expression of mRNAs for hsp60, hsp70, hsp27 or ATP-synthase. We conclude that the early phase of adenosine receptor-dependent preconditioning in the rabbit heart is not mediated via stress protein expression. However, brief ischaemia and reperfusion resulted in differential changes in individual stress protein gene expression which may be due to different physiological and/or biochemical components of ischaemia and reperfusion in the heart. In addition, partial dependence of hsp60 expression on adenosine receptor modulation was observed.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Chaperonin 60', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Reperfusion', 'Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists', 'Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Purinergic P1']
| 8,576,930
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.142.500.500', 'D12.776.580.216.210.590.750'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E04.100.700.600', 'E05.680.730.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.725.200.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400.100', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400.100'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Citalopram (Seropram) in tablet and infusion forms in the treatment of major depression].
|
Citalopram i.v. and oral had a reliable antidepressive and anxiolytic effect in 101 hospitalized patients, as apparent from the achievement of complete remission in cca 60% of the patients with major depression after four weeks follow-up. Treatment with citalopram by the intravenous or oral route was most successful in anxious or inhibitory depressions, while atypical forms with hypochondriac or obsedant features responded better to infusions. The global score of HAMD and FKD scales and typical symptoms of depression such as a pathic decreased mood, anhedonia, feelings of guilt, lack of interest, anxiety and suicidal thoughts were positively reduced. The following were not affected: loss of appetite, loss of weight, anosognosia, paranoidity, and hallucinations. The clinical onset of the therapeutic effect was on average apparent on the 10th-12th day of therapy, significantly sooner when the intravenous route was used. The authors did not find significant differences in the therapeutic results in patients under and above 60 years and in those with a mild or severe depression. As regards subjective preference and preference by relatives, infusions were unequivically preferred as they had, no doubt, also a psychological effect. As to the incidence of undesirable effects, the authors did not detect a difference between the two routes of administration of citalopram, which was well tolerated and 50% of the patients did not report any side-effects and the rare ones recorded were not more frequent than in 20% of patients.
|
['Citalopram', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tablets']
| 8,124,733
|
[['D02.092.831.170', 'D02.626.320', 'D03.633.100.127.187'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Completion of the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal half of the porcine estradiol receptor by Edman degradation: reconfirmation of the absence of O-linked sugars and phosphates.
|
The peptide A569-Y582 of the porcine estradiol receptor containing the missing sequence T570-M581 (1) was isolated and sequenced. The 4 seryl- and 2 threonyl-PTH amino acids were recovered in normal yields, excluding their posttranslational modification and reconfirming the absence of O-glycosylation and O-phosphorylation in H267-I595.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Female', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Phosphates', 'Receptors, Estradiol', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Swine', 'Uterus']
| 8,619,812
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D09'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.350'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To use a meta-analysis of all published randomized trials to determine whether the use of continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) as the main method of intrapartum fetal surveillance is associated with improved pregnancy outcome compared to intermittent auscultation.DATA SOURCES: We used the MEDLINE data base and reference lists of articles to identify all published randomized trials of EFM versus intermittent auscultation.METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: A total of nine randomized trials published in peer-review journals were identified. The selection criterion was the use of EFM or intermittent auscultation as the main intrapartum fetal surveillance technique.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A total of 18,561 patients were included in the nine published randomized trials, 9398 in the EFM group and 9163 in the auscultation group. Measures of pregnancy outcome included cesarean delivery, cesarean for suspected fetal distress, overall use of forceps or vacuum, use of forceps or vacuum for suspected fetal distress, overall perinatal mortality, and perinatal mortality due to fetal hypoxia (intrapartum or early neonatal death) attributable to the method of intrapartum monitoring. The meta-analysis showed that the patients monitored electronically had a significantly higher overall cesarean rate (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-2.01), higher cesarean rate for fetal distress (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.81-3.53), overall increased use of forceps or vacuum (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49), increased use of forceps or vacuum for suspected fetal distress (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.97-3.18), and decreased perinatal mortality due to fetal hypoxia (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17-0.98).CONCLUSION: Electronic fetal monitoring is associated with increased rates of surgical intervention and decreased perinatal mortality due to fetal hypoxia.
|
['Cardiotocography', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Electronics, Medical', 'Female', 'Fetal Distress', 'Fetal Heart', 'Fetal Hypoxia', 'Heart Auscultation', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Humans', 'Odds Ratio', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 7,800,313
|
[['E01.370.370.380.170', 'E01.370.378.230.150', 'E01.370.520.230.150'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E04.520.252'], ['H01.671.293.319'], ['C23.888.380'], ['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['C13.703.277.390', 'C16.300.420', 'C23.888.852.079.594'], ['E01.370.370.380.400', 'E01.370.600.060.400'], ['G09.330.380.500.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diabetogenic effects of salmon calcitonin are attributable to amylin-like activity.
|
During the development of synthetic calcitonins for therapeutic use in bone disease, a "diabetogenic" (hyperglycemic) effect was observed, particularly with salmon calcitonin. The effect was attributed by some to inhibition of insulin secretion. We have recently reported high-affinity (28 pmol/L) amylin-binding sites in certain areas of rat brain, and found that these sites also bind salmon but not rat calcitonin with comparable high affinity. Rat amylin and salmon calcitonin have been determined to have significant structural homology. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that rat amylin can exert calcitonin-like effects on osteoclasts and on plasma calcium. Here we report that salmon calcitonin mimics the actions of rat amylin on skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in vitro; it stimulates glycogenolysis and inhibits incorporation of radiolabeled glucose into glycogen (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.4 +/- 0.11 nmol/L log and 8.4 +/- 0.05 nmol/L log, respectively). In anesthetized rats, salmon calcitonin, like rat amylin, rapidly increases plasma lactate concentration, followed by a slower increase in glucose concentration. Like amylin, salmon calcitonin also inhibits the insulin response to 2 mmol infused glucose (insulin increments suppressed by 52% and 57% at 10 minutes for salmon calcitonin and amylin). Other shared actions, such as suppression of appetite, stimulation of renin secretion, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, and inhibition of gastric emptying, further affirm our proposal that the exogenous peptide, salmon calcitonin, is a mimic of endogenous amylin in the rat.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amyloid', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Calcitonin', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Glucagon', 'Glycogen', 'Hindlimb', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islet Amyloid Polypeptide', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Salmon', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 8,786,728
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D06.472.699.150', 'D06.472.931.052', 'D12.644.400.095', 'D12.644.548.150', 'D12.776.631.650.095'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['A13.473'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['D06.472.699.587.334', 'D12.644.548.586.234', 'D12.776.049.407.500'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preschool negative emotionality predicts activity and connectivity of the fusiform face area and amygdala in later childhood.
|
Negative emotionality (NE) refers to individual differences in the propensity to experience and react with negative emotions and is associated with increased risk of psychological disorder. However, research on the neural bases of NE has focused almost exclusively on amygdala activity during emotional face processing. This study broadened this framework by examining the relationship between observed NE in early childhood and subsequent neural responses to emotional faces in both the amygdala and the fusiform face area (FFA) in a late childhood/early adolescent sample. Measures of NE were obtained from children at age 3 using laboratory observations, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected when these children were between the ages of 9 and 12 while performing a visual stimulus identity matching task with houses and emotional faces as stimuli. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher NE at age 3 is associated with significantly greater activation in the left amygdala and left FFA but lower functional connectivity between these two regions during the face conditions. These findings suggest that those with higher early NE have subsequent alterations in both activity and connectivity within an extended network during face processing.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aging', 'Amygdala', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Depression', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Nerve Net', 'Temperament', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 28,992,271
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.511'], ['F01.752.898'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of immunologic profiles and their influence on bacteremia in surgical patients with a high risk of infection.
|
Prospective sequential studies of the antibacterial function of neutrophils, lymphocyte responsiveness, opsonic capacity of serum and serum levels of C3(B), properdin, factor B, IgG, and albumin were made in 32 patients with severe burn injury (greater than or equal to 45%), 21 patients with severe multisystem traumatic injury, 20 high-risk, infected patients, and 22 renal transplant patients. Fifty-five episodes of bacteremia occurred in 37 of the 95 patients. Abnormal neutrophil function was clearly associated as a predisposing factor to these episodes, whereas there was no association between bacteremia and low serum levels of C3, IgG, factor B, or properdin. C3, factor B, and IgG usually rose following bacteremia as acute phase proteins, but there was evidence of a consumptive opsoninopathy in 11% of episodes. Defective opsonization was associated with a high risk of bacteremia only when there was a coexisting abnormality of neutrophil function (88% of such patients became bacteremic). None of 27 nonburned patients tested with delayed hypersensitivity antigens responded normally, and there was regularly depression of lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin-A and concanavalin-A in a whole blood assay related to serum immunosuppressive factors, but poor responsiveness was not associated with bacteremia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Burns', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Complement C3b', 'Complement Factor B', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Immunosuppression', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Sepsis', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 377,544
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of the gamma 2 chain of laminin-332 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Endometrial cells, which are shed by retrograde menstruation, may aberrantly express molecules involved in invasion and migration, leading to endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the laminin gamma 2 chain (LAMC2) in the tissues of women with and without endometriosis.METHODS: Endometrial biopsy specimens were collected from healthy volunteers and from endometriosis patients. Biopsy specimens from the corresponding endometriotic lesions were also collected. The expression of laminin gamma 2 chain was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: Endometrial tissue from women with or without endometriosis showed constitutive expression of LAMC2 mRNA throughout the menstrual cycle. A higher mRNA level was observed in ectopic endometrium (Ec) from women with endometriosis compared with eutopic endometrium (Eu) from women with endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed a varied pattern of laminin gamma 2 chain expression, with increased epithelial expression in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis compared with those without endometriosis.CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of laminin gamma 2 chain in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis may provide new opportunities for diagnosis and treatment.
|
['Endometriosis', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laminin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 24,070,183
|
[['C13.351.500.163'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Insulin increases cell numbers and morphological development in mouse pre-implantation embryos in vitro.
|
Insulin, alone or in combination with bovine serum albumin (BSA), was investigated for its effects on cell proliferation and on the proportions of mouse pre-implantation embryos reaching compaction and forming blastocysts during culture in a common basal medium in vitro. Insulin promoted cleavage by 16-20% when added to medium for culture of 2-cell embryos to morulae, blastocysts and expanded blastocysts over 24, 48 and 72 h. These effects on cell division were supported by increases of 65-100% and 31-100% in the rates of compaction and blastocyst formation respectively. The results indicate that the receptor responsible for these actions is probably expressed prior to compaction and possibly at the 4-cell stage. Identical responses to 1.7 and 170 nM insulin suggest that the insulin receptor is capable of mediating both of these developmental effects, although similar mediation by an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor is not excluded. BSA, normally a component of culture media, promoted cleavage between 24 and 48 h of culture as well as compaction and blastocyst formation at 15 microM (1 g L-1), probably through nutritional support. Compaction appeared to be promoted by some non-specific action of BSA. Blastocysts that had developed in the presence of both 170 nM insulin and 15 microM BSA contained similar numbers of cells to blastocysts that had developed in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Cell Count', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Mitotic Index', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine']
| 1,957,017
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of cefoperazone MacConkey agar for selective isolation of Laribacter hongkongensis.
|
A new selective medium, cefoperazone MacConkey agar (CMA), was developed for primary isolation of Laribacter hongkongensis from stool. Its performance in quantitative recovery and in a clinical evaluation of 4,741 human diarrheal stool specimens was superior to that of charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. In addition, with CMA, Arcobacter butzleri was unexpectedly isolated from the stools of six patients.
|
['Agar', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Cefoperazone', 'Culture Media', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Neisseriaceae']
| 14,532,237
|
[['D09.698.360.041'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.150.160', 'D02.886.665.074.150.160', 'D03.633.100.300.249.150.160'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.550', 'B03.660.075.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro 5-lipoxygenase and anti-oxidant activities of South African medicinal plants commonly used topically for skin diseases.
|
An investigation was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of action of medicinal plants used for dermatological pathologies. A total of 14 plant species were selected from the readily available ethnobotanical literature. 5-Lipoxygenase and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays were used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and the anti-oxidant activity of selected medicinal plants, respectively. Both aqueous and methanol extracts were tested. Among the plants screened, four species (Croton sylvaticus, Warburgia salutaris, Pentanisia prunelloides, and Melianthus comosus) displayed promising 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values <61 ppm. A large number of plants exhibited significant anti-oxidant activities with IC(50) values between 5.27 and 83.36 ppm. Aqueous extracts of M. comosus exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Administration, Topical', 'Antioxidants', 'Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Medicine, African Traditional', 'Picrates', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases', 'South Africa']
| 16,931,900
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['E02.319.267.120'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500.055', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500.020'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['E02.190.488.505', 'E02.190.901.433', 'I01.076.201.450.654.505'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['B01.650.560'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Differences in thigh muscularity and dynamic torque between junior and senior soccer players.
|
The aim of the present study was to examine differences in thigh muscularity and dynamic torque between elite junior (15.7 +/- 0.2 years) and senior (22.6 +/- 2.4 years) soccer players. Cross-sectional areas of the total muscle compartment, quadriceps femoris, and hamstrings + adductors were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Knee extension and flexion torque were also measured at 1.05 and 3.14 rad . s(-1). Neither junior nor senior players showed significant differences in cross-sectional area or torque between the dominant and non-dominant leg. The quadriceps femoris and hamstrings + adductors were significantly greater in the senior than junior players at all thigh-slice sites. The percentage of quadriceps femoris to total muscle compartment was significantly higher in the junior than the senior players, and the corresponding value of hamstrings + adductors was significant in the reverse direction. The senior players showed greater torque than the juniors regardless of motion and velocity, even in terms of torque relative to the product of the cross-sectional area and height. The present results indicate that (1) senior players are characterized by the predominant development of hamstrings and adductors and a higher dynamic torque relative to muscle size, and (2) elite soccer players did not show asymmetry in terms of the muscularity or dynamic torque of the thigh muscles irrespective of age.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Strength', 'Quadriceps Muscle', 'Soccer', 'Thigh', 'Young Adult']
| 19,031,332
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A02.633.567.850'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['A01.378.610.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[ESC and AHA guidelines 2015 on endocarditis : In competition or synchrony?]
|
In the 2015 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) on infective endocarditis, the diagnostics are based on the modified Duke criteria. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a combination of micro-organisms demonstrated in culture or in situ, with the detection of valvular lesions or abscess formation by an imaging modality using echocardiography, positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT), cardio-CT or nuclear medical methods. The management should be further improved by an interdisciplinary endocarditis team in a specifically designated reference center. Pharmaceutical treatment is largely unchanged and based on classical antibiotics in monotherapy or as combination therapy but for staphylococcal endocarditis, gentamycin is no longer required. As cardiac surgery is needed in 50 % of the cases during the course of the disease, the urgency for surgery depends on the extent of cardiac insufficiency, the persistence of the pathogen despite antibiotic treatment and on neurological complications.
|
['Cardiology', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular', 'Endocarditis', 'Europe', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'United States']
| 27,822,623
|
[['H02.403.429.163'], ['E01.370.370'], ['C14.280.282'], ['Z01.542'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Retrospective assessment of ADHD symptoms in childhood: discriminatory validity of Finnish translation of the Wender Utah Rating Scale.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the discriminatory validity of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and its five suggested subscales (Conduct Problems, Impulsivity Problems, Mood Difficulties, Inattention/Anxiety, Academic Concerns) in a Finnish sample.METHOD: WURS was administered to 114 adults, aged 18 to 55 years. Participants with ADHD (n = 37) and dyslexia (n = 36) were compared with healthy controls (n = 41).RESULTS: The ADHD group scored significantly higher than the control group on all subscales. Compared with the dyslexia group, the ADHD group did not differ in Mood Difficulties or Academic Concerns. Using the total score, the positive predictive value was .53 in this sample and only .21 when the prevalence of ADHD was taken into account.CONCLUSION: Three out of five domains of WURS are reliable indicators of ADHD. Domains with low discriminatory power, low general prevalence of ADHD, and other developmental disorders within the population decrease the accuracy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Translations']
| 22,286,113
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['L01.178.682.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Repair of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium.
|
Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare cardiac anomaly. The surgical management of this rare cardiac anomaly is reviewed.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Dilatation, Pathologic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pericardium', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,433,219
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E01.370.350'], ['C23.300.325'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effects of electromagnetic noise on the enhancement of stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK) phosphorylation induced by 50 Hz magnetic fields].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible interference effect of electromagnetic noise exposure on phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK) induced by 50 Hz magnetic field(MF).METHODS: Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were exposed to sham exposure(C), 0.4 mT 50 Hz sinusoidal MF, 0.4 mT electromagnetic noise and the combined noise MF with 50 Hz MF for 3 min and 15 min respectively. After exposure, the cells were lysed, and the proteins were extracted. The SAPK and phosphorylated SAPK (activated form of SAPK) were measured indirectly by Western blot with corresponding antibodies. The percentage of phosphorylated SAPK was calculated and analyzed.RESULTS: Exposure of cells to 50 Hz MF for 3 min and 15 min enhanced the SAPK phosphorylation. The percentage of phosphorylated SAPK were 49.3% and 57.0% respectively, and were significantly different from those of control(P < 0.05, n = 4). However, single noise MF exposure with the same intensity did not enhance the SAPK phosphorylation, the percentage of phosphorylated SAPK were 37.7% and 31.8% (P > 0.05). When cells were exposed to the combined noise MF with 50 Hz MF for 3 min, the SAPK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited (24.4%, P < 0.05); for 15 min, the SAPK phosphorylation was also decreased (39.0%), but there was no significant difference from control and 50 Hz MF exposure(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Noise MF with certain intensity could inhibit the biological effect induced by 50 Hz MF.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Noise', 'Phosphorylation']
| 14,694,644
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Creation of an Acellular Vaginal Matrix for Potential Vaginal Augmentation and Cloacal Repair.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to use porcine vagina to create a vaginal matrix and test its cellular biocompatibility.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Vagina was harvested from pigs and decellularized (DC) using a combination of detergents (Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate) and enzymes (DNAse/RNAse).INTERVENTIONS: The presence of cellular material, collagen structural integrity, and basement membrane proteins were assessed histologically. To address cytocompatibility, porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from abdominal fat together with vaginal epithelial cells and seeded onto the mucosal aspect of the vaginal scaffold. Both cell populations were seeded individually and assessed histologically at days 3 and 10.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The combination of enzymes and detergents resulted in a totally acellular matrix with very low DNA amount (control = 97.5 ng/ìL ± 10.8 vs DC = 40.1 ng/ìL ± 0.33; P = .02). The extracellular matrix showed retention of collagen fibers and elastin and a 50% retention in glycosaminoglycan content (control = 1.18 ìg/mg ± 0.28; DC = 1.35 ìg/mg ± 0.1; P = .03) and an intact basement membrane (positive for laminin and collagen IV). Seeded scaffolds showed cell attachment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and vaginal epithelial cells at days 3 and 10.CONCLUSION: It is possible to generate an acellular porcine vaginal matrix capable of supporting cells to reconstruct the vagina for future preclinical testing, and holds promise for creating clinically relevant-sized tissue for human application.
|
['Animals', 'Cloaca', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Materials Testing', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Swine', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Vagina']
| 29,792,924
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.223', 'A16.178'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.570'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combined mechanical mitral valve replacement and transmitral myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy treatment: An experience of over 20 years.
|
BACKGROUND: Although transaortic septal myectomy (TASM) is recognized as a standard procedure for treating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), occasionally the left ventricle (LV) intracavitary gradient remains postoperatively because of this technically demanding procedure. Mitral valve replacement (MVR) is sometimes chosen as an alternative option, but data on its long-term outcomes are lacking.METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1991 and 2016, 29 patients [age, 14-82 (mean 58.9±15.9) years; 22 female patients (75.9%)] underwent combined mechanical MVR and transmitral myectomy. Of these, six patients had undergone MVR following a second cardiac arrest because of the residual LV outflow gradient or residual mitral regurgitation following TASM. Concomitant TASM was performed in 13 patients. The LV intracavitary gradient at rest assessed by transthoracic echocardiography significantly decreased postoperatively (16.8±19.1mmHg vs. 107.4±52.5mmHg, p<0.0001). Actuarial freedom rates from cardiac death were 92.8%, 89.0%, and 80.1% at 5, 10, and 15 years postoperatively, respectively. Sudden death occurred in three of the four patients who died of late cardiac complications. None of these patients with sudden death had implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Most patients had maintained their LV end-diastolic dimension at <50mm for 10-15 years postoperatively. Actuarial freedom rates from hospitalization for heart failure were 87.7%, 82.2%, and 54.8% at 5, 10, and 15 years postoperatively, respectively. Occurrence rates of cerebral hemorrhage and infarction were 0.6% per patient-year and 1.3% per patient-year, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Combined mechanical MVR and myectomy is an effective procedure to eliminate the LV intracavitary gradient in patients with HOCM. Although this procedure remains a viable option in certain situations, optimal medical treatment and close clinical follow-up along with the cooperation between cardiac surgeons and cardiologists are necessary to achieve favorable long-term outcomes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Postoperative Period', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Septum', 'Young Adult']
| 30,583,989
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A07.541.459.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
B(C6
|
An efficient method for the coupling of N-alkylamines with silicon enolates to generate â-amino carbonyl compounds is disclosed. These reactions proceed by activation of á-amino C-H bonds by B(C6F5)3, which likely generates a "frustrated" acid/base complex in the presence of large N-alkylamines. The transformation requires no external oxidant and releases hydrosilane as a byproduct. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules such as citalopram, atomoxetine, and fluoxetine.
|
['Acrylamide', 'Amines', 'Boranes', 'Catalysis', 'Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oxidants', 'Silicon']
| 30,693,779
|
[['D02.065.122.015', 'D02.241.081.069.094.015'], ['D02.092'], ['D01.132.105', 'D02.203.087'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.455.526.510'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['D01.268.513.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infertility in a Maltese poodle as a result of a sperm midpiece defect.
|
A 2 1/2-year-old Maltese poodle was examined for breeding soundness following a series of unsuccessful matings to fertile bitches. He was found to have only 8% normal sperm in his ejaculate when Spermac-stained smears were examined under the light microscope. The defect most frequently encountered involved the midpiece attachment, and the various manifestations of disintegration found in this region are described and illustrated. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed light microscopical findings.
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Sperm Head', 'Spermatozoa']
| 4,020,810
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['A05.360.490.890.820', 'A11.497.760.400'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinically anatomic study on the relation between the form of pleural cupula and its surrounding commonly-used acupoints].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation of the form of pleural cupula of the normal adult with safety of acupuncture at commonly-used acupoints around the pleural cupula.METHODS: The safe depth for the commonly-used acupoints around the pleural cupula and the relation with the form of pleural cupula were investigated in 46 adult corpses with small Kirschner wire location and arrangement dissection.RESULTS: The width of the pleural cupula projection equal to clavicle medial 1/3 accounted for 32. 6% of all the corpses, and the width of the pleural cupula projection more than clavicle medial 1/3 accounted for 59. 8% of all the corpses, the width of the pleural cupula projection less than clavicle medial 1/3 and pleural cupula medial margin located at the sternoclavicular joint medial accounted for 7.6% of all the corpses. The observed points such as Tiantu (CV 22), Qishe (ST 11), Jianjing (GB 21), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Dazhu (BL 11) which were considered be not related to the pleural cupula. When acupuncture is carried out according to criteria of acupoint location and needling direction, and the needle exceeded a limit, the pleural menbrane will be broken and induce destruction.CONCLUSION: Position and form of the pleural cupula have anatomical relation to acupuncture accident for needling the points around the superior pleural cupula, which should be played attention to.
|
['Acupuncture Points', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pleura']
| 16,739,850
|
[['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of data on live birth certificates from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) in Campinas, S?o Paulo, 2009].
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the completeness and reliability of the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc) data.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the reliability and completeness of Sinasc's data was performed using a sample of Live Birth Certificate (LBC) from 2009, related to births from Campinas, Southeast Brazil. For data analysis, hospitals were grouped according to category of service (Unified National Health System, private or both), 600 LBCs were randomly selected and the data were collected in LBC-copies through mothers and newborns' hospital records and by telephone interviews. The completeness of LBCs was evaluated, calculating the percentage of blank fields, and the LBCs agreement comparing the originals with the copies was evaluated by Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients.RESULTS: The percentage of completeness of LBCs ranged from 99.8%-100%. For the most items, the agreement was excellent. However, the agreement was acceptable for marital status, maternal education and newborn infants' race/color, low for prenatal visits and presence of birth defects, and very low for the number of deceased children.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the municipality Sinasc is reliable for most of the studied variables. Investments in training of the professionals are suggested in an attempt to improve system capacity to support planning and implementation of health activities for the benefit of maternal and child population.
|
['Birth Certificates', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Databases as Topic', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Information Systems', 'Live Birth']
| 25,479,847
|
[['E05.318.308.940.250', 'L01.399.250.900.250', 'N04.452.859.132', 'N05.715.360.300.715.175', 'N06.850.520.308.940.250'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188', 'L01.470.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['G08.686.784.769.496.249']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Blastocystis hominis: neutral red supravital staining and its application to in vitro drug sensitivity testing.
|
A simple in vitro drug sensitivity testing system for Blastocystis hominis clinical isolates was developed. Application of supravital staining by neutral red allowed quantitative viability assessment. Four xenic cultures, isolated from human sources, were grown in modified monophasic Robinson's medium and tested for sensitivities to nine available drugs. Assessment was done using the cell-count method from air-dried preparations after supravital staining with neutral red. Also, the light absorbence method was evaluated. Trimethoprim, metronidazole, quinacrine, tetracycline, paromomycin, and two new antiprotozoal drugs, nitazoxanide and deacetyl-nitazoxanide, showed cytostatic or cytocidal effects on all or some Blastocystis isolates. Chloroquine and sulphamethoxazole did not demonstrate any effect at the concentrations studied.
|
['Amebicides', 'Animals', 'Blastocystis hominis', 'Chloroquine', 'Coloring Agents', 'Humans', 'Metronidazole', 'Neutral Red', 'Parasitic Sensitivity Tests', 'Paromomycin', 'Quinacrine', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'Tetracycline', 'Thiazoles', 'Trimethoprim']
| 10,935,909
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.055'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.046.500.100.200.200.375'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['D27.720.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['D03.633.300.704.600'], ['E01.370.225.940', 'E05.200.940', 'E05.337.550.700'], ['D09.408.051.706'], ['D03.633.300.046.250.760'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D02.065.884.725.867', 'D02.092.146.807.867', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D03.383.742.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized prospective study of the cost-effectiveness of the conventional spike, O-set, and UVXD techniques in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of three techniques for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): the conventional spike technique (C), the O-set (O), and UVXD (U, ultraviolet irradiation connection box).DESIGN: A randomized and prospective comparison of three CAPD techniques.SETTING: A tertiary referral and a satellite dialysis center.PATIENTS: One hundred patients with end-stage renal failure between 10 and 70 years of age, with good hand-eye coordination and not anticipated to receive a living related transplant within 6 months.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized by referral to a table of random numbers to perform one of the three CAPD techniques.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Training time, details of peritonitis and exit-site infection (ESI) including the costs of antibiotic treatment, outpatient visits, hospital stays, technique, and patient survival were analyzed after a minimum follow-up period of one year.RESULTS: There were 38, 31, and 31 patients in groups C, O, and U, respectively, and the total observation periods were 838, 802, and 745 patient-months, respectively. The peritonitis rates for C, O, and U were 21.5, 30.8, and 29.8 patient-months/episode, respectively. The corresponding ESI rates were 16.4, 14.9, and 24 patient-months/episode, respectively. When the time from the commencement of CAPD to the first infection was expressed using the Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, 39.5%, 67.7%, and 61.3% of patients in Groups C, O, and U were free from peritonitis at one year (p = 0.088). The corresponding figures for ESI were 52.6%, 48.4%, and 61.3% (p = 0.35). There was no significant difference in technique survival in the three treatment groups. An analysis of the costs related to the use of antibiotics, outpatient visits, and hospital stays necessary for the treatment of peritonitis and ESI and those related to training time, additional equipment, and consumables required for the three CAPD techniques showed that, overall, the cost in O was the lowest, followed by U and C (U.S. $158, $170, and $179 per patient-month, respectively).CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the O-set is a more cost-effective CAPD technique than UVXD, while both are more cost-effective than the conventional spike technique.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Catheterization', 'Child', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Peritonitis', 'Prospective Studies']
| 7,948,238
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Structural similarity of regions of activation cleavage of protein-precursors by reactive centers of serpins].
|
A comparative analysis of primary sequences of the region of "leaving group" of a number of splittings evoked by serine proteinases under the activation of protein-precursors has been carried out. A pronounced domination of amino acids of hydrophobic nature in P2'-position similar to that observed in case of the reactive centres of serpines has been noticed. Physiological role of S2'-stimulation of serine proteinases is discussed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Binding Sites', 'Hydrolysis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Protein Precursors', 'Serpins', 'Solubility', 'Water']
| 8,830,432
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The combined effect of hyperthermia and irradiation on cultured human glioma cell line].
|
The effects of hyperthermia (HT) and irradiation (RT) on a cultured human glioma cell line (KC) was examined by a colony formation assay and immuno-histochemical methods using monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and MoAb Ki-67. The colony formation assay revealed that HT inhibited the cell survival in time and temperature dependent fashion. RT also inhibited the cell survival depending on the irradiation doses. The combination of HT and RT showed an additive effect. The immunohistochemical examination indicated that both HT and RT reduced the BrdU labeling index and Ki-67 positive rate of the surviving cells. HT mainly affected the cells in the S-phase and RT seemed to affect the cells in the G2+ M phase. The combination of HT and RT also showed an additive effect. These results suggest that the combined therapy will be useful in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Radiotherapy', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,797,206
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['E02.815'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elafibranor Inhibits Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in NASH Mice.
|
Identification of new pharmacological approaches to inhibit the excessive fat intake-induced steatohepatitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatohepatitis and CKD share common pathogenesis involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-á and -ä. Elafibranor, a dual PPARá/ä agonist, can ameliorate the HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Nonetheless, the effects of HFD-induced CKD had not yet explored. This study investigated the effects of elafibranor (elaf) on the progression of HFD-induced CKD in mice. In vivo and in vitro renal effects were evaluated in HFD-elaf mice receiving 12 weeks of elafibranor (from 13th to 24th week of HFD feeding) treatment. In elafibranor-treated HFD mice, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced obesity and body fat mass, decreased severity of steatohepatitis, increased renal expression of PPARá, PPARä, SIRT1, and autophagy (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) as well as glomerular/renal tubular barrier markers [synaptopodin (podocyte marker), zona occludin-1, and cubulin], reduced renal oxidative stress and caspase-3, and less urinary 8-isoprostanes excretion were observed. Aforementioned benefits of elafibranor were associated with low renal tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis scores, less albuminuria, low urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and preserved glomerular filtration rate. Acute incubation of podocytes and HK-2 cells with elafibranor or recombinant SIRT1 reversed the HFD-sera-induced oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction, cell apoptosis, barrier marker loss, albumin endocytosis, and reuptake reduction. Besides hepatoprotective and metabolic beneficial effects, current study showed that elafibranor inhibited the progression of HFD-induced CKD through activation of renal PPARá, PPARä, SIRT1, autophagy, reduction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mice with steatohepatitis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Beclin-1', 'Chalcones', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Mice', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Oxidative Stress', 'PPAR alpha', 'PPAR delta', 'Podocytes', 'Propionates', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Sirtuin 1']
| 31,321,239
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075.335', 'D12.776.094.500', 'D12.776.476.075.335'], ['D02.522.818.222', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.221', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.221'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.776.826.239.500'], ['D12.776.826.239.555'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.372.650', 'A05.810.453.736.520.720', 'A11.436.720'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['D08.811.277.087.520.200.650.100', 'D12.776.476.900.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of methicillin resistance on clinical features and outcomes of infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus.
|
BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the impact of methicillin resistance on clinical features and outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infective endocarditis (IE).METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Univariate and forward stepwise logistic regressions were conducted to determine which factors significantly affected death and systemic embolism.RESULTS: From October 1995 to April 2002, 57 patients with a definite diagnosis of IE caused by SA were included: 28 cases of methicillin-sensitive SA infection and 29 methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) infection. Patients with MRSA infection are more likely to have old age, underlying diseases, history of hospitalization within the last 6 months, nosocomial infection, and antibiotic use within the last 3 months. Patients with MRSA infection had clinical presentation of less systemic embolism and more sepsis and had a higher 3-month mortality rate. Methicillin resistance is an independent positive predictor of death and a negative predictor of systemic embolism.CONCLUSIONS: MRSA became a dominant cause of SA IE. Although it caused a lower incidence of systemic embolism, MRSA infection had a higher mortality rate because of sepsis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,367,872
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical evaluation of cefozopran for infections associated with hematological malignancies].
|
Cefozopran (CZOP) was used as an initial antibacterial therapy for infections in patients with hematological malignancies. CZOP was given at a daily dose of 4 g by drip intravenously to patients who were febrile over 38 degrees C and were suspected as having bacterial infections. As underlying diseases, 8 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 9 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 2 aplastic anemia (AA), 2 adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 28 non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 2 multiple myeloma (MM). Bacterial infections diagnosed were sepsis in 7 patients, suspected sepsis in 32, bronchitis in 6, pneumonia in 5 and acute peritonitis in 1. Clinical responses among 51 evaluable cases were excellent in 14, good in 15, fair in 3, poor in 19 and the overall response rate was 57%. The overall response rates for AML, ALL, AA, ATLL, NHL and MM were 56%, 63%, 100%, 50%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Those for sepsis, suspected sepsis, bronchitis, pneumonia and acute peritonitis were 14%, 63%, 100%, 40%, and 0%, respectively. This therapy was effective in 53% (9/17) of patients whose granulocyte count remained below 500/microliter throughout the course of CZOP therapy. Six bacterial and one fungal strains were isolated from blood and sputum of six patients including five sepsis cases; two bacteria were eradicated and bacterial change was observed in one case. As side adverse effects, 10 patients had liver dysfunction, 1 anemia, 2 proteinemia, 1 indirect bilirubinemia, 2 thrombocytopenia, and 1 eosinophilia. We tried to establish a scoring system for the severities of patients with their infections, underlying diseases, treatments for the underlying disease, and granulocyte counts in order to evaluate the efficacy of CZOP more precisely. This scoring system was consisted of three grades; severe, moderate, and mild. CZOP was effective on mild and moderate grades. These results indicate that the initial antibacterial therapy by CZOP is useful for the treatment of mild and moderate grade infections complicated with hematological malignancies.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia, Aplastic', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Bronchitis', 'Cephalosporins', 'Female', 'Granulocytes', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Leukemia, T-Cell', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Peritonitis', 'Pneumonia', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Sepsis', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 9,836,122
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['C04.557.337.428.580', 'C15.604.515.560.575', 'C20.683.515.528.582'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hydroxylation of 3-acetyl-2-(2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenyl)oxazolidine by rat liver microsomes. Identification of some isomeric metabolites.
|
The metabolism of nonradiolabeled, stereoisomeric mixtures of 3-acetyl-2-(2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenyl)oxazolidine (I), a new citronelial-based insect repellent, by induced and uninduced rat liver microsomes has been examined in a NADPH-generating system at a substrate concentration of 1.67 mM. By comparison of retention times and mass spectra of the metabolites with the products from oxidation of I with selenium dioxide, the allylic methyl carbons of the isobutenyl group were identified as the major sites of oxidative metabolism, with two samples of I prepared from different sources of (+/-)-citronelial. Both diastereomeric and E-Z isomeric forms of the metabolites were separated by high resolution capillary gas chromatography with Carbowax 20M-terephthalic acid. Diastereomeric mixtures of unmetabolized I, E alcohol (II), Z alcohol (III), and E aldehyde (IV) were detected in postsincubate extracts. From integration of peak areas, the mean ratio of II to III was 70:30 in 47 extracts.
|
['Alcohols', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Hydroxylation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insect Repellents', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Oxazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 6,138,223
|
[['D02.033'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.505.696.706.434', 'D27.720.031.700.441', 'D27.888.723.441'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.383.129.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Quercetin Antibacterial Molecular Mechanism.
|
Facile and simple method is developed to synthesize silver-nanoparticle-decorated quercetin nanoparticles (QA NPs). Modification suggests that synergistic quercetin (Qe) improves the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Characterization experiment indicates that QA NPs have a diameter of approximately 10 nm. QA NPs show highly effective antibacterial activities against drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). We explore antibacterial mechanisms using S. aureus and E. coli treated with QA NPs. Through morphological changes in E. coli and S. aureus, mechanisms are examined for bacterial damage caused by particulate matter from local dissociation of silver ion and Qe from QA NPs trapped inside membranes. Moreover, we note that gene expression profiling methods, such as RNA sequencing, can be used to predict discover mechanisms of toxicity of QA NPs. Gene ontology (GO) assay analyses demonstrate the molecular mechanism of the antibacterial effect of QA NPs. Regarding cellular component ontology, "cell wall organization or biogenesis" (GO: 0071554) and "cell wall macromolecule metabolic process" (GO: 0044036) are the most represented categories. The present study reports that transcriptome analysis of the mechanism offers novel insights into the molecular mechanism of antibacterial assays.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Quercetin', 'Silver', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 28,240,544
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E05.393.332'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of realigning a tertiary psychiatric hospital in British Columbia on other institutional sectors.
|
OBJECTIVE: Deinstitutionalization is an ongoing process, as many jurisdictions continue to struggle with redesigning their psychiatric systems. Historically, reducing psychiatric beds and closing hospitals have resulted in deleterious outcomes for people with severe and persistent mental illness. More recent evidence suggests that careful implementation of deinstitutionalization policies can thwart potential adverse consequences and may even foster favorable outcomes. This study evaluated the extent to which the recent devolution of the only tertiary psychiatric hospital in British Columbia resulted in a direct shift of individuals to other institutional sectors, such as criminal justice and health sectors.METHODS: Admission rates to general hospitals, continuing care facilities, correctional institutions, and forensic psychiatric facilities were compared among two patient groups: those discharged before the realignment of the tertiary psychiatric hospital system (prerealignment cohort) (N=164) and those discharged after initiation of the system reforms (postrealignment cohort) (N=171).RESULTS: Most of the patients in the postrealignment cohort have remained in the tertiary care settings to which they were originally discharged. For patients in the postrealignment cohort, contact with other institutional sectors was rare and shorter in duration than it was for patients in the prerealignment cohort.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that recent efforts to realign British Columbia's provincial tertiary psychiatric hospital system have not resulted in a significant shift of the relocated patients to institutions in other sectors.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'British Columbia', 'Criminal Law', 'Female', 'Health Care Reform', 'Health Services', 'Hospitals, General', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Discharge', 'Young Adult']
| 21,285,099
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['I01.198.290', 'I01.880.604.583.100'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.285', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.285', 'N03.349.285', 'N03.623.500.608.428.285', 'N04.590.374.285', 'N05.300.380'], ['N02.421'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neuromonitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during minimally invasive thyroid surgery under local anesthesia: a prospective study of 10 patients.
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Avoiding alterations of the voice is a challenge in thyroid surgery. Identification and preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is paramount for normal vocal function preservation after thyroidectomy. Conventional nerve monitoring requires a general anesthesia and placement of a special endotracheal tube equipped with electrodes to evoke the laryngeal nerves. This study aims to assess feasibility and efficacy of a novel technique of neuromonitoring of the EBSLN under local anesthesia during minimally invasive thyroidectomy. STUDY DESIGN;PROSPECTIVE STUDY: This study is a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of nerve monitoring of the EBSLN during minimally invasive thyroidectomy under local anesthesia. Patient self-assessment of changes in perceived voice severity prior to and 3 weeks after surgery was assessed with the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10).RESULTS: Thyroidectomy was successfully completed under local anesthesia in all cases. The recurrent laryngeal nerve(s) was identified and preserved in each patient as demonstrated by normal perioperative transnasal flexible laryngoscopy. A total of 15 EBSLNs were at risk, but only 8 EBSLNs (53%) were definitively identified. Neuromonitoring demonstrated preservation of the EBSLN in 100% of cases. The analysis of the results of the VHI-10 questionnaire before and 3 weeks after surgery indicated no significant change in patients' perception of voice severity.CONCLUSION: Monitoring of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy under local anesthesia is a feasible alternative to conventional nerve monitoring under general anesthesia. This technique may be useful for the preservation of voice quality during a minimally invasive thyroidectomy under local anesthesia.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Nerves', 'Laryngoscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Prospective Studies', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Quality']
| 19,160,384
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.050.050.925.450', 'A08.800.050.600.825.450', 'A08.800.800.060.920.450', 'A08.800.800.120.900.450'], ['E01.370.386.460', 'E01.370.388.250.525', 'E04.502.250.525', 'E04.580.373'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C19.874'], ['E04.270.856'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Study of the morphology and biomechanics of sacral fracture.
|
OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological characteristics of sacral fracture under different impact loads.METHOD: Ten fresh pelvic specimens were loaded in dynamic or static state. A series of mechanical parameters including the pressure strain and velocity were recorded. Morphological characteristics were observed under scanning electron microscope.RESULTS: The form of sacral fracture was related to the impact energy. Under low energy impact loads, ilium fracture, acetabulum fracture and crista iliaca fracture were found. Under high energy impact loads, three types of sacral fracture occurred according to the classification of Denis: sacral ala fracture, Type I fracture; sacral foramen cataclasm fracture, Type II fracture; central vertebral canal fracture, Type III fracture. Nerve injury of one or two sides was involved in all three types of sacral fracture. The fracture mechanism of sacrum between the dynamic impact and static compression was significantly different. When the impact energy was above 25 J, sacral foramen cataclasm fracture occurred, involving nerve root injury. When it was below 20 J, ilium and sacral fracture was most likely to occur. When it was 20 approximately 25 J, Type I fracture would occur. While in the static test, most of the fracture belonged to ilium or acetabulum fracture. The cross section of sacrum was crackly and the bone board of Haversian system was brittle, which could lead to separation of bone boards and malposition of a few of cross bone boards.CONCLUSIONS: In dynamic state, sacrum fracture mostly belongs to Type I and Type II, and usually involves the nerve roots. Sacrum fracture is relevant to the microstructures, the distribution of the bone trabecula, the osseous lacuna and the Haversian system of sacrum. The fracture of ilium and acetabulum more frequently appears in static state, with slight wound of peripheral tissues.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Sacrum', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Spinal Nerve Roots']
| 17,026,856
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A02.835.232.834.717'], ['C26.117.500.500', 'C26.404.812'], ['A08.800.800.720.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and celiac disease - a case report.
|
INTRODUCTION: In a 28-year period, 5508 patients were followed at our Paediatric Rheumatology Division and 712 (13%) patients had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (ILAR criteria). One (0.14%) of them had association with celiac disease (CD), with predominance of gastrointestinal manifestations and this case was described herein.CASE REPORT: A 10-years-old female patient was hospitalized with persistent fever, weight loss, asthenia, anorexia and an evanescent pink macular rash. After one week, she presented arthritis of left knee and ankle with duration of 75 days. The initial laboratory exams revealed anemia and elevation of inflammatory markers. Immunological tests were positive for anti-endomysial antibodies IgA and anti-thyroglobulin antibody. The diagnosis of systemic JIA was established and indomethacin (2.0 mg/kg/day) was started with improvement of arthritis. The patient evolved with vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal barium study showed areas of small bowel dilatation and thickening of folds, suggestive of malabsorption syndrome. Colonoscopy was normal and small intestinal biopsy was compatible with CD.DISCUSSION: We reported a case of a rare association of early diagnosis of systemic JIA occurring simultaneously with CD. This study reinforces the importance of taking into account the possible association of organ-specific autoimmune diseases during JIA course.
|
['Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Celiac Disease', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans']
| 22,472,933
|
[['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Propagation of intercellular calcium waves in PC12 cells overexpressing a carboxy-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein.
|
We have recently found that PC12 cells overexpressing a C-terminal 97 amino acid fragment containing the beta/A4 amyloid peptide of amyloid precursor protein (APP) exhibit an induced production of the gap junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) and an induction of gap junctional communication as assessed by dye-transfer. In studies of two beta/A4-transfected PC12 clones, we show here that these cells, unlike normal PC12 cells or those transfected with vector alone, have the capacity for intercellular transmission of calcium waves as determined by imaging of calcium with fura-2. Intercellular wave propagation occurred in the absence of extracellular calcium and was blocked by known inhibitors of gap junctional communication (octanol and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate), suggesting mediation by gap junctions. The results indicate a disruptive influence of the C-terminal region of APP or of beta/A4 amyloid peptide on intercellular signaling via gap junctions, which may be relevant to the normal functions of APP or to pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Communication', 'Connexin 43', 'Fura-2', 'Gap Junctions', 'Image Cytometry', 'Neurons', 'PC12 Cells', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection']
| 8,584,217
|
[['D12.776.049.407.249', 'D12.776.543.039', 'D12.776.645.468.500', 'D12.776.811.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.085'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['D03.383.129.462.285', 'D03.633.100.127.250'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['E01.370.225.500.386.400', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.400', 'E05.200.500.386.400', 'E05.242.386.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels.
|
The development of new devices for the use and storage of solar energy is a key step to enable a new sustainable energy scenario. The route for direct solar-to-chemical energy transformation, especially to produce liquid fuels, represents a necessary element to realize transition from the actual energy infrastructure. Photoelectrocatalytic (PECa) devices for the production of solar fuels are a key element to enable this sustainable scenario. The development of PECa devices and related materials is of increasing scientific and applied interest. This concept paper introduces the need to turn the viewpoint of research in terms of PECa cell design and related materials with respect to mainstream activities in the field of artificial photosynthesis and leaves. As an example of a new possible direction, the concept of electrolyte-less cell design for PECa cells to produce solar fuels by reduction of CO2 is presented. The fundamental and applied development of new materials and electrodes for these cells should proceed fully integrated with PECa cell design and systematic analysis. A new possible approach to develop semiconductors with improved performances by using visible light is also shortly presented.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Solar Energy', 'Temperature']
| 26,663,767
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.301'], ['G02.740'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Can rats learn to associate a flavour with the delayed delivery of food?
|
Associations between a specific flavour and access to food were studied using a discrimination procedure devised by Holman (1975). This involved giving rats one flavour (e.g. cinnamon) of saccharin solution on some days, and following this by delivery of food, and a second flavour (e.g. wintergreen) on other days which was never followed by food. Experiment 1 used glucose delivered after a 30-min delay and a slight increase in preference for the paired flavour was detected. Using a 20-min delay Experiment 2 varied the kind of food used; some evidence for discrimination learning was again found in the glucose group, but there was no evidence that rats could associate a flavour with starch solution or solid chow over this delay. To check that the general procedure was a sensitive one, in Experiment 3 one flavour was added to glucose i.e. without delay, and this produced large shifts in a subsequent preference test. Overall the results threw doubt on claims that rats as readily form flavour-calorie associations over delays as they do flavour-toxicosis associations.
|
['Animals', 'Appetite', 'Association Learning', 'Cues', 'Energy Intake', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reinforcement, Psychology', 'Taste']
| 3,963,797
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.071', 'G07.203.650.390.070', 'G10.261.390.070'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F02.463.425.770'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnosis of active tuberculosis by immunological methods. 2. Qualitative differences in the dermal response to tuberculin in patients with active pulmonary disease and healthy tuberculin-positive individuals.
|
The tuberculin reactivity of 107 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 143 healthy age-matched control subjects were compared. At 48 hours 96% of patients and 76% of control subjects were positive reactors. The diameters of the reactions were of similar size. At 24 hours 93% of patients and 65% of controls were positive: the reactions tended to be larger in the patient group but the difference was of no diagnostic value. The greatest discrimination was apparent at 6-8 hours when 72% of patients and only 3.5% of control subjects reacted. Although probably an Arthus reaction, this early response did not correlate significantly with antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Accordingly the two tests, to some extent, complemented each other diagnostically.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculin Test', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 6,820,737
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.800', 'E05.200.812.871.800', 'E05.478.594.890.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic markers of resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfonamides in Plasmodium falciparum parasites compared with the resistance patterns in isolates of Escherichia coli from the same children in Guinea-Bissau.
|
The antifolate drugs sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine are used for treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. Resistance to pyrimethamine has been associated with point mutations in the dhfr-gene and resistance to sulphadoxine with mutations in the dhps-gene. There is concern that the use of the antifolates trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole for treatment of other infectious diseases will result in the selection of malaria parasites with mutations in these genes. In Guinea-Bissau, where sulfonamide and trimethoprim-containing drugs have been used extensively, we decided to assess the prevalence of mutations in the dhfr-and dhps-gene in P. falciparum isolated from children suffering from acute malaria and to assess the resistance patterns to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole in Escherichia coli isolated from the same patients. A thick film and a blood sample for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained from 100 children attending the Bandim Health Centre in Bissau with symptoms compatible with malaria. Furthermore, a stool sample was collected from the same children and cultured for E. coli. Of the cultured E. coli, 67% were resistant both to sulfonamides and trimethoprim, 4% to sulfonamides alone, 3% to trimethoprim alone while 26% were fully sensitive to both drugs. PCR was successfully performed in 97 blood samples. Of these, 41% had triple mutations at the dhfr-gene (at codons 51, 59 and 108), and 15% had triple mutations plus mutation at codon 437 in the dhps-gene. Only 45% harboured the wild-type dhfr-gene. Thus both bacterial resistance and mutations in the parasitic genes were common, but not linked in the individual child. As sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine has only been used as a second line treatment for chloroquine resistant malaria in Guinea-Bissau for a few years, it is worrying to find a high prevalence of mutations in the parasitic genes coding for resistance to these drugs. Therefore, restricting the use of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria might not be sufficient to prevent the development of resistance in the parasites as long as antifolate drugs are used extensively.
|
['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Antimalarials', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Resistance', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Guinea-Bissau', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Sulfadoxine', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination']
| 14,728,622
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D26.310'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['Z01.058.290.190.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['D02.065.884.725.765', 'D02.092.146.807.765', 'D02.886.590.700.725.765'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a description of 14 cases from North Yorkshire, UK.
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of patients diagnosed with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in North Yorkshire from 1986 to 1999.METHODS: Records of patients with features satisfying the published criteria for streptococcal TSS were reviewed from laboratory and clinical records made at the time and from the hospital case notes. Isolates of streptococci were analyzed for serotype and genes encoding for the production of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins.RESULTS: Fourteen patients satisfied the entry criteria. In one district, where the data were complete, the annual incidence of detected streptococcal TSS rose from 1.1 to 9.5 cases per million population in the 1990s. TSS was associated with various M serotypes of group A streptococci and various exotoxin genotypes. Two cases (14% of the series) were associated with severe group G streptococcal infection. The fatality rate was 64%, and the mode of time to death was 4 days. Local tissue necrosis occurred in 71% of cases, including necrotizing fasciitis, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal forms. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had been taken around the time of onset of disease by 92% of the patients with TSS.CONCLUSIONS: There has been a dramatic increase in the number of detected cases of streptococcal TSS over the 14 years since the first case was recognized here. There was a wide range of invasive forms of infection, a high fatality rate even in fit young adults, and a rapid course from onset to death. There was a high association of TSS with aggressive streptococcal infection producing local tissue necrosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Fasciitis, Necrotizing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Shock, Septic', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United Kingdom']
| 12,010,172
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['C05.321.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diminution of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
The substantia nigra was examined immunohistochemically using the antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase in 15 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The number of dopaminergic neurons was diminished in the substantia nigra of seven cases. The diminution was not related to the age, duration of the illness or use of respirators. Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia developed in four and dementia in three out of seven patients with reduction of nigral dopaminergic neurons. In addition, five out of the seven patients developed respiratory failure within 2 years after the onset of the illness. The nigral dopaminergic system may be involved in rapidly progressive ALS patients with supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and/or dementia.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Dementia', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurons', 'Ophthalmoplegia', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Tissue Fixation', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase']
| 7,901,781
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C10.292.562.750', 'C10.597.622.447', 'C11.590.472', 'C23.888.592.636.447'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Strategies to improve the medical device life cycle in Mexico.
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of stakeholders to three alternative strategies to improve processes and practices regarding the regulation, assessment, and management of orthopaedic medical devices in Mexico.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on document analysis and 17 structured interviews with multiple key actors within the Mexican health system to inform a stakeholder analysis aiming at assessing the political feasibility of these strategies.RESULTS: Central level government agencies, those with a relation to quality of care, were identified as most relevant stakeholders to influence the adaption and application of the strategies. Major barriers identified are financial and human resources, and organisational culture towards reform.CONCLUSIONS: Discussed strategies are political feasible. However, solving identified barriers is crucial to achieve changes directed to improve outputs and outcomes of medical device life cycle and positively influence the quality of health care and the health system's performance.
|
['Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Government Agencies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Orthopedic Equipment', 'Public Policy', 'Stakeholder Participation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,137,948
|
[['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['I01.409.418', 'N03.540.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['E07.858.442'], ['I01.655.500.608', 'I01.880.604.825.608', 'N03.623.500.608'], ['I01.738.805', 'I03.743'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Occurrence of nighttime gastroesophageal reflux in disturbed and normal sleepers.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is not uncommon in a sleep laboratory to encounter individuals who have complaints of disturbed sleep, but who do not meet the criteria for a sleep disorder when evaluated by polysomnography. Because gastroesophageal reflux is known to occur in many individuals without their awareness, it is possible that some of these individuals might be suffering from reflux that is disturbing their sleep.METHODS: Eighty-one individuals with complaints of disturbed or unrefreshing sleep, but no complaints of heartburn, were recruited. A comparison group of 39 individuals with neither sleep nor heartburn complaints also was studied. Both groups were studied on 2 separate occasions by simultaneous polysomnography and pH monitoring to detect the presence of nighttime gastroesophageal reflux and to determine sleep outcomes.RESULTS: In the disturbed-sleep group 27% of subjects had at least one reflux event compared with 33% in the normals. In the subjects who experienced reflux, the disturbed-sleep group had a significantly greater percentage of acid exposure time compared with the normals (9.5% vs 1.6%; P < .05). Participants in the disturbed-sleep group also had a longer sleep-onset latency (P < .05) and less total sleep time (P < .05) compared with the normal sleepers.CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with complaints of disturbed sleep, there was a subset of individuals who had significant gastroesophageal reflux. We speculate that sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux may play a role in producing disturbed sleep in individuals without heartburn and otherwise unexplained sleep disturbance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Esophageal pH Monitoring', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polysomnography', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 18,928,935
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.372.255', 'E01.370.520.215'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Glomerular cell proliferation and apoptosis in uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats.
|
We studied renal function, glomerular cell proliferation and apoptosis for three months after uninephrectomy (UNX) in young, male, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Apoptosis was assessed by in situ dUTP biotin nick-end labeling method (TUNEL) and by propidium iodide staining. Proliferation rate was determined by immunohistochemistry to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Glomerular bcl-2 expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis. Our results indicate a parallel increase in proliferation and in apoptotic rates in glomerular cells from the first to the second month after UNX. In the third month after UNX, PCNA-labeled cell number continues increasing, whereas TUNEL-labeled cells did not increase. Bcl-2 expression was negative in the first and second months and increased in the third month. Glomerular size and proteinuria increased progressively along the three months of follow-up. Our observations demonstrate a different profile of cell proliferation and apoptosis during the genesis of early glomerular damage in UNX-SHR.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Division', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Male', 'Nephrectomy', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR']
| 9,839,281
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.297'], ['C12.777.419.331', 'C13.351.968.419.331', 'C14.907.489.631'], ['E05.393.475'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of angiotensin II type 1a receptor on intestinal epithelial cells following small bowel resection in a mouse model.
|
AIM: We have previously shown that inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) significantly reduced intestinal epithelial cell (EC) apoptosis and improved morphometric intestinal adaptation in a mouse model of massive small-bowel resection (SBR). This study attempted to further examine the downstream signaling factors in this system by blocking the action of angiotensin II (ATII), hypothesizing that this would lead to similar improvement of intestinal adaptation after SBR.METHOD: Two groups of mice (C57BL/6J) underwent either a 60% mid-intestinal resection (SBR group) or a transection/re-anastomosis (Sham group). Because real-time PCR studies showed that only ATII receptor type 1a (ATII-1a) expression was significantly increased after SBR, compared to SHAM mice, we decided to use the specific ATII-1a receptor antagonist Losartan to block this signaling pathway. An additional two groups of mice received daily i.p. injections of Losartan (SBR + Losartan and Sham + Losartan group). At 7 days, the adaptive response was assessed in the remnant gut including villus height, crypt depth, EC apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and proliferation (BrdU incorporation). The apoptotic and proliferation signaling pathways were addressed by analysis of EC mRNA expression.RESULT: SBR (with and without Losartan) led to a significant increase in villus height and crypt depth. Losartan treatment did not significantly change EC proliferation, but did significantly reduce EC apoptosis rates as compared to the non-treated SBR group. Losartan treatment was associated with a significant reduction of the bax-to-bcl-2 ratio and TNF-alpha expression after SBR compared to non-treated groups. Interestingly, Losartan-treated groups showed a tremendous increase in proliferation of signaling factors EGFR, KGFR and IL7R, which may indicate an expanded potential for further intestinal adaptation also beyond 7 days after SBR.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the ATII-1a receptor may be of crucial importance for the modulation of intestinal EC apoptosis, and for regulating the post-resectional EC adaptive response.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Losartan', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Models, Animal', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1', 'Signal Transduction']
| 18,989,682
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.436'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.598'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The development of Drink Less: an alcohol reduction smartphone app for excessive drinkers.
|
Excessive alcohol consumption poses a serious problem for public health. Digital behavior change interventions have the potential to help users reduce their drinking. In accordance with Open Science principles, this paper describes the development of a smartphone app to help individuals who drink excessively to reduce their alcohol consumption. Following the UK Medical Research Council's guidance and the Multiphase Optimization Strategy, development consisted of two phases: (i) selection of intervention components and (ii) design and development work to implement the chosen components into modules to be evaluated further for inclusion in the app. Phase 1 involved a scoping literature review, expert consensus study and content analysis of existing alcohol apps. Findings were integrated within a broad model of behavior change (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior). Phase 2 involved a highly iterative process and used the "Person-Based" approach to promote engagement. From Phase 1, five intervention components were selected: (i) Normative Feedback, (ii) Cognitive Bias Re-training, (iii) Self-monitoring and Feedback, (iv) Action Planning, and (v) Identity Change. Phase 2 indicated that each of these components presented different challenges for implementation as app modules; all required multiple iterations and design changes to arrive at versions that would be suitable for inclusion in a subsequent evaluation study. The development of the Drink Less app involved a thorough process of component identification with a scoping literature review, expert consensus, and review of other apps. Translation of the components into app modules required a highly iterative process involving user testing and design modification.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcohol-Related Disorders', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Feedback, Psychological', 'Humans', 'Mobile Applications', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Smartphone', 'Telemedicine', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted']
| 29,733,406
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['C25.775.100', 'F03.900.100'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.058.288', 'F04.754.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.900.685'], ['E05.599'], ['L01.178.847.698.300.250', 'L01.224.230.260.550.500.750'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy associated with pulmonary artery banding in an adult with severe right ventricular dysfunction after Mustard repair for complete transposition of the great arteries: results after 2 years of follow-up.
|
Late dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries after Mustard or Senning procedures and progressive deterioration of the clinical status has been demonstrated. However, evidence-based data on the effective therapy for systemic right ventricular dysfunction in these patients are yet to be defined. Our patient shows an improvement in the right ventricular systolic function, with a reduction in tricuspid regurgitation and a consequent better exercise tolerance after a hybrid approach consisting of an upgrading of a previous transvenous-implanted dual-chamber Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator to biventricular pacing associated with pulmonary artery banding via an anterior thoracotomy.
|
['Adult', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Transposition of Great Vessels', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Right']
| 23,402,375
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C14.240.400.915', 'C14.280.400.915', 'C16.131.240.400.915'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.280.484.856'], ['C14.280.945.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Disease-on-a-chip: mimicry of tumor growth in mammary ducts.
|
We present a disease-on-a-chip model in which cancer grows within phenotypically normal breast luminal epithelium on semicircular acrylic support mimicking portions of mammary ducts. The cells from tumor nodules developing within these hemichannels are morphologically distinct from their counterparts cultured on flat surfaces. Moreover, tumor nodules cocultured with the luminal epithelium in hemichannels display a different anticancer drug sensitivity compared to nodules cocultured with the luminal epithelium on a flat surface and to monocultures of tumor nodules. The mimicry of tumor development within the epithelial environment of mammary ducts provides a framework for the design and test of anticancer therapies.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha6', 'Mammary Glands, Human', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Zonula Occludens-1 Protein']
| 24,202,525
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.550'], ['A01.236.249', 'A10.336.532'], ['E05.588.465'], ['D12.776.543.940.900.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distribution of anionic sites in gut tissue: an electron-microscopical study.
|
A new one-step incubation method using cationic gold colloid was applied to reveal anionic moieties in rat colonic mucosa. Gold particles were detected in all cellular nuclei, basement membranes, mast cell granules and collagen fibres, while the luminal surfaces of all vascular endothelial cells were devoid of gold label. Application of the method for detection of anionic domains under various conditions is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Anions', 'Colon', 'Gold', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY']
| 1,878,952
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.248.497.158'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genotoxicity of acrylamide and glycidamide.
|
BACKGROUND: Acrylamide, a known rodent carcinogen, is found in the human diet. However, the mechanism by which acrylamide exerts its carcinogenic effects remains unclear.METHODS: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and Big Blue mouse embryonic fibroblasts that carry a lambda phage cII transgene were treated in vitro with acrylamide, its primary epoxide metabolite glycidamide, or water (control) and then subjected to terminal transferase-dependent polymerase chain reaction to map the formation of DNA adducts within the human gene encoding p53 (TP53) and the cII transgene. The frequency and spectrum of glycidamide-induced mutations in cII were examined by using a lambda phage-based mutation detection system and DNA sequence analysis, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: Acrylamide and glycidamide formed DNA adducts at similar specific locations within TP53 and cII, and DNA adduct formation was more pronounced after glycidamide treatment than after acrylamide treatment at all doses tested. Acrylamide-DNA adduct formation was saturable, whereas the formation of most glycidamide-DNA adducts was dose-dependent. Glycidamide treatment dose-dependently increased the frequency of cII mutations relative to control treatment (P<.001). Glycidamide was more mutagenic than acrylamide at any given dose. The spectrum of glycidamide-induced cII mutations was statistically significantly different from the spectrum of spontaneously occurring mutations in the control-treated cells (P=.038). Compared with spontaneous mutations in control cells, cells treated with glycidamide or acrylamide had more A-->G transitions and G-->C transversions and glycidamide-treated cells had more G-->T transversions (P<.001).CONCLUSION: The mutagenicity of acrylamide in human and mouse cells is based on the capacity of its epoxide metabolite glycidamide to form DNA adducts.
|
['Acrylamide', 'Adenine', 'Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cytosine', 'DNA Adducts', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Fibroblasts', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mutagens', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Thymine', 'Transferases']
| 15,240,786
|
[['D02.065.122.015', 'D02.241.081.069.094.015'], ['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.899'], ['D08.811.913']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An optically coupled sensor for the measurement of currents induced by MRI gradient fields into endocardial leads.
|
OBJECT: The gradient fields generated during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures have the potential to induce electrical current on implanted endocardial leads. Whether this current can result in undesired cardiac stimulation is unknown.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper provides a detailed description of how to construct an optically coupled sensor for the measurement of gradient-field-induced currents into endocardial leads. The system is based on a microcontroller that works as analog-to-digital converter and sends the current signal acquired from the lead to an optical high-speed, light-emitting diode transmitter. A plastic fiber guides the light outside the MRI chamber to a photodiode receiver and then to an acquisition board connected to a PC laptop.RESULTS: The performance of the system has been characterized in terms of power consumption (8 mA on average), sampling frequency (20.5 kHz), measurement range (-12.8 to 10.3 mA) and resolution (22.6 µA). Results inside a 3 T MRI scanner are also presented.CONCLUSIONS: The detailed description of the current sensor could permit more standardized study of MRI gradient current induction in pacemaker systems. Results show the potential of gradient currents to affect the pacemaker capability of triggering a heartbeat, by modifying the overall energy delivered by the stimulator.
|
['Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Endocardium', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Optical Devices', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Radiometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Transducers']
| 25,304,063
|
[['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['A07.541.207'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E07.632'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['E05.799'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E07.305.812']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Polyphasic approach to the characterisation of marine luminous bacteria.
|
Fifteen luminous bacterial strains were isolated from the Tyrrhenian Sea coastal waters off northeastern Sicily and characterised by a combination of phenotypic and molecular tests in order to identify them and to determine their intraspecific genetic variability. Five luminous type strains, Vibrio splendidus NCIMB 1, V. harveyi NCIMB 1280, V. fischeri NCIMB 1281, V. orientalis NCIMB 2195 and Photobacterium leiognathi NCIMB 2193, were used as reference. On the basis of their phenotypic characters, the isolates were assigned to the family Vibrionaceae and all were related to the V. harveyi reference strain. Amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) enabled the strains to be subdivided into three groups, two of which exhibited the same restriction pattern as the two reference strains, V. harveyi and V. splendidus. Comparison of the full 16S rDNA sequence and of a 100-bp highly variable 16S rDNA region (selected as a 'signature' sequence for the luminous bacteria) confirmed ARDRA data and suggested that the strains of the third group could be considered a subspecies of V. harveyi or a tyrrhenian biovar, different from the other reference strains whose 16S rDNAs have already been sequenced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting and analysis of plasmid content suggested a high degree of intraspecific genetic variability within the largest ARDRA group. Data obtained suggest that the ARDRA method and the sequencing of the 16S rDNA signature region could be a powerful tool for a rapid identification of marine luminous bacteria.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Seawater', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Vibrionaceae']
| 10,229,952
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.620.500.687', 'E05.601.700'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B03.440.450.900', 'B03.660.250.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phase I trial of combined treatment with ch14.18 and R24 monoclonal antibodies and interleukin-2 for patients with melanoma or sarcoma.
|
PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I trial of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with chimeric 14.18 (ch14.18) and murine R24 antibodies to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), immunological effects, and toxicity of this treatment combination.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-seven patients with either melanoma (23 patients) or sarcoma (4 patients) were enrolled to receive a combination therapy with ch14.18 and R24 antibodies together with continuous infusion of Roche IL-2 (1.5 x 10(6) U/m(2)/day, 26 patients) or Chiron IL-2 (4.5 x 10(6) U/m(2)/day, 1 patient) given 4 days/week for 3 weeks. The antibodies ch14.18 (2-7.5 mg/m(2)/day) and R24 (1-10 mg/m(2)/day) were scheduled to be administered for 5 days during the second week of IL-2 therapy.RESULTS: When given in combination in this study, the MTD for ch14.18 was 5 mg/m(2)/day and the MTD for R24 was 5 mg/m(2)/day. Dose-limiting toxicities were severe allergic reactions to both ch14.18 and R24 as well as pain related to ch14.18. This ch14.18 MTD was lower than the 7.5 mg/m(2)/day MTD previously determined for ch14.18 given alone with the same dose and schedule of IL-2. Immunological effects included the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity (ADCC). Anti-idiotype response to ch14.18 was seen in six patients, including two melanoma patients who had a partial response to treatment. In addition to two partial responses, four patients had a stable disease and one patient remained without any evidence of disease.CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy with IL-2 in combination with ch14.18 and R24 antibodies augments LAK function and ADCC measured in vitro in all patients. While there exist theoretical advantages of combining these two antibodies, the MTD of ch14.18 and of R24 were lower than the MTD of each antibody in prior studies evaluating single antibody therapy with IL-2. As such, the combination of these two antibodies together with IL-2 therapy appeared to influence the MTD and toxicity of each of the administered antibodies.
|
['Adult', 'Angioedema', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Immunotherapy', 'Interleukin-2', 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Sarcoma', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,187,086
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.079', 'C17.800.862.945.066', 'C20.543.480.904.066'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.287.070'], ['E02.186'], ['G12.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.537.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537.500', 'A15.382.490.555.283.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E02.895'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential hepatoprotective mechanisms of rutin and quercetin in CCl(4)-intoxicated BALB/cN mice.
|
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of quercetin-rutinoside (rutin) and its aglycone quercetin against CCl(4)-induced liver damage in mice.METHODS: BALB/cN mice were intraperitoneally administered rutin (10, 50, and 150 mg/kg) or quercetin (50 mg/kg) once daily for 5 consecutive days, followed by the intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) in olive oil (2 mL/kg, 10% v/v). The animals were sacrificed 24 h later. Blood was collected for measuring the activities of ALT and AST, and the liver was excised for assessing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, GSH and protein concentrations and also for immunoblotting. Portions of the livers were used for histology and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Pretreatment with rutin and, to a lesser extent, with quercetin significantly reduced the activity of plasma transaminases and improved the histological signs of acute liver damage in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice. Quercetin prevented the decrease in Cu/Zn SOD activity in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice more potently than rutin. However, it was less effective in the suppression of nitrotyrosine formation. Quercetin and, to a lesser extent, rutin attenuated the inflammation in the liver by down-regulating the CCl(4)-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-êB), tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was more potently suppressed by rutin than by quercetin. Treatment with both flavonoids significantly increased NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) expression in injured livers, although quercetin was less effective than rutin at an equivalent dose. Quercetin more potently suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-â1 (TGF-â1) than rutin.CONCLUSION: Rutin exerts stronger protection against nitrosative stress and hepatocellular damage but has weaker antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and antifibrotic potential than quercetin, which may be attributed to the presence of a rutinoside moiety in position 3 of the C ring.
|
['Animals', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Picrates', 'Quercetin', 'Rutin']
| 22,902,988
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['C25.723.177'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.888', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.888']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Murine oncornavirus high-molecular-weight RNA structure thermal stepwise dissociation of 70S murine leukemia-sarcoma virus to subunits and low-molecular-weight associated RNAs.
|
The thermal dissociation into subunits and low-molecular-weight (LMW) associated RNAs of the aggregate structure of 70S RNA of a murine leukemia sarcoma viral complex was studied. By polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis, it was found that at low temperature a fraction of the genome was converted into an intermediate population of RNA (Im.P) with an apparent molecular weight of 6.6 times 10-6. At higher temperature, the 70S RNA and the Im.P RNA were successively dissociated into two RNA subunits called "I" and "II" and 70S-associated LMW RNAs. The apparent molecular weight of subunit I was about 5 times 10-6 and that of subunit II was about 3.2 times 10-6. The release of 4S, 5S, 5.5S, and 8S RNAs from 70S RNA at various temperatures was studied by composite polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that the nature of hydrogen bonding to the 70S RNA was different for each LMW RNA species. A possible relationship of the association between the subunits and each 70S-associated LMW RNA, based on their T-m values, is discussed.
|
['Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Genotype', 'Hot Temperature', 'Molecular Weight', 'Moloney murine leukemia virus', 'RNA, Viral']
| 1,117,485
|
[['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.380'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.494'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.596', 'B04.820.650.375.525.596'], ['D13.444.735.828']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Short-term effects of minimally invasive dynamic neutralization system for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: An observational study.
|
The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and short-term effects of dynamic stabilization via minimally invasive system for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and treated with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion via minimally invasive minimally system (mis-TLIF) were served as the control group.From April 2011 to March 2015, 47 patients (29 male, 18 female; mean age 47.6 [range, 26-52] years) with lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with decompression and excision of herniated disk via the minimally invasive system combined with the dynamic fixation technique, and 42 patients as control group with mis-TLIF. Minimally invasive surgeries were performed via the posterior incision approach. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by comparing the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and the ROMs of the adjacent segment before and after surgery. The postoperative complications related to the implants were identified.A total of 83 patients (43 of Dynesys group and 40 of mis-TLIF group) were followed for an average duration of >35 months. Dynesys stabilization resulted in significantly higher preservation of motion at the index level (P < .05), and significantly less hypermobility at the adjacent segments. VAS for the back and leg pain and ODI improved significantly (P < .05) in 2 groups; however, there is no significant difference between the groups. In Dynesys group, 3 cases suffered skin flay necrosis, 1 of them had a wound infection that was treated with washing and drainage combined with antibiotic therapy. Skin flay necrosis were also observed in 2 cases of mis-TLIF group. Reoperation was performed in one case of Dynesys group for rupture of the internal fixation. No rupture of internal fixation was observed in mis-TLIF group.The nonfusion fixation system Dynesys may be used to treat degenerative spinal stenosis without posterior element damage. This surgical technique is safe and effective. However, utilizing higher preservation of motion may lead to the failure of internal fixation.
|
['Adult', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal Fixators', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Spinal Stenosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,851,799
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.370', 'E07.858.442.660.460', 'E07.858.690.725.460'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.502'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['C05.116.900.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peripheral and central measurements of bone mineral density are equally strongly associated with clinical risk factors for osteoporosis.
|
The aim of this study was to determine whether forearm bone mineral density (BMD) measurements are affected by clinical risk factors for osteoporosis to the same extent as spine and hip BMD. The study population consisted of 1,009 female patients and volunteers, of whom 238 were premenopausal. Women were placed into seven groups according to which clinical risk factor they had (women could be placed in more than one group): (1) atraumatic fracture since the age of 25 years, (2) report of X-ray osteopenia, (3) predisposing medical condition or use of therapy known to affect bone metabolism, (4) premature menopause before the age of 45 years or a history of amenorrhea of longer than 6 months' duration, (5) family history of osteoporosis, (6) body mass index (BMI) <20 kg/m(2), and (7) current smoking habit. Forearm BMD was measured using an Osteometer DTX-200 peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, and spine and hip BMD measurements were obtained on a Hologic QDR-4500 scanner. Manufacturers' reference ranges were used to calculate Z scores for the spine and forearm, and the NHANES III reference range was used to calculate Z scores for the hip. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the mean decrease in Z score associated with each clinical risk factor. The Z-score reductions associated with the seven risk factors were similar for forearm and central BMD measurements. For forearm measurements, Z-score decreases associated with a history of atraumatic fracture (-0.25), a medical condition or therapy known to affect bone metabolism (-0.26), premature menopause or history of amenorrhea (-0.30), and BMI <20 kg/m(2) (-0.82) were all statistically significantly different from zero (P < 0.05). With an increasing number of risk factors in each individual, the mean Z score at each measurement site became progressively more negative. In conclusion, clinical risk factors for low BMD affect forearm BMD measurements to a similar extent as central BMD.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Diseases, Metabolic', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Prevalence', 'Research Design', 'Risk Factors', 'Spine']
| 17,308,990
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G11.427.100'], ['C05.116.198', 'C18.452.104'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Masking with faces in central visual field under a variety of temporal schedules.
|
With a few exceptions, previous studies have explored masking using either a backward mask or a common onset trailing mask, but not both. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate the use of faces in central visual field as a viable method to study the relationship between these two types of mask schedule. We tested observers in a two alternative forced choice face identification task, where both target and mask comprised synthetic faces, and show that a simple model can successfully predict masking across a variety of masking schedules ranging from a backward mask to a common onset trailing mask and a number of intermediate variations. Our data are well accounted for by a window of sensitivity to mask interference that is centered at around 100 ms.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Attention', 'Facial Recognition', 'Humans', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Fields']
| 26,381,296
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.524.250.500', 'F02.463.593.524.500.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['E05.723.729'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hypertrophy of labia minora: experience with 163 reductions.
|
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the surgical procedure, its results, and its complications and to determine whether patients are satisfied with surgical reduction of labia minora in cases of hypertrophy.STUDY DESIGN: The records of 163 patients who underwent reduction of the labia minora during a 9-year period were reviewed. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 67 years (median, 26). Motives for requesting surgery were aesthetic concerns in 87% of the cases, discomfort in clothing in 64%, discomfort with exercise in 26%, and entry dyspareunia in 43%. Anatomic results were assessed 1 month postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was assessed by means of a mailed questionnaire.RESULTS: No surgery-related significant complications were noticed. Anatomic results were satisfactory for 151 patients (93%). Ninety-eight completed questionnaires were returned. Eighty-one patients (83%) found that the results after surgery were satisfactory. Eighty-seven (89%) were satisfied with the aesthetic result, and 91 (93%) approved the functional outcome. Four patients (4%) would not undergo the same procedure again.CONCLUSION: Labia minora reduction is a simple surgical procedure associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Reoperation', 'Surgical Wound Dehiscence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vulva']
| 10,649,154
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E04.690'], ['C23.550.767.887'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A05.360.319.887']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Colorful calcium sensors.
|
(R)evolution of protein-based calcium sensors: Expanding the toolbox of genetically encoded calcium sensors with new colors and traits is important for understanding calcium signaling and its relation to other intracellular pathways. Campbell and co-workers have used a new directed-evolution strategy to develop a rich palette of new sensors, including the first red-shifted, genetically encoded calcium sensor.
|
['Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Luminescent Proteins']
| 22,234,942
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D12.776.532']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Melatonin protection on mercury-exerted brain toxicity in the rat.
|
The effect of melatonin on the neurotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride was studied. Adult rats were fed orally with two different doses of mercuric chloride (2 mg; 4 mg/kg body weight) to evaluate brain toxicity with respect to cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata regions for 60 days with or without supplementation with melatonin (5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. The results suggest that the graded doses of mercury elicit the depletion of enzymatic activities, such as adenosine triphosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, altered glycogen, total protein, and lipid peroxidation levels in the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata of the brain, thereby affecting their respective functions. Blood glucose and mercury levels increased, followed by a reduction in body and organ weights. All these effects seemed to be severe in the cerebral hemisphere of the brain. Further affected indices were, to some extent, maintained in the brain of animals cotreated with melatonin, showing its protective role against mercury-exerted neurotoxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Brain', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebrum', 'Drug Antagonism', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Enzymes', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'Melatonin', 'Mercuric Chloride', 'Mercury Poisoning', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 20,307,147
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['G07.690.773.968.310'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D08.811'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['D01.210.450.150.525', 'D01.538.500'], ['C25.723.522.875'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The History of Duke Thoracic Surgery.
|
Since 1931, Duke Thoracic Surgery has been defined by excellence in patient care, research, and the education of leaders in surgery. In this work, the history, contributions, historic figures, and current structure of the program are reviewed. The program has cultivated a commitment to surgical investigation and training that persists to the present day. This commitment is manifest by the program's contributions to the field of cardiothoracic surgery, from the fundamental investigation of the coronary circulation and the development of the heat exchanger for myocardial preservation, to large-scale clinical trials in cardiac and thoracic surgery.
|
['Academic Medical Centers', 'Biomedical Research', 'Diffusion of Innovation', 'Education, Medical', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'North Carolina', 'Program Development', 'Program Evaluation', 'Thoracic Surgery', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures']
| 26,811,042
|
[['N02.278.020'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['L01.143.320'], ['I02.358.399'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['N04.452.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['H02.403.810.803'], ['E04.928']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Expression of collagen alpha1(I) mRNA variants during tooth and bone formation in the rat.
|
Collagen alpha1(I) mRNA is composed of two variants of 5 and 6 kb, differing in the length of the 3' untranslated region. In this work, the nucleotide sequences of the two rat mRNA variants were compared, and their expression pattern in cells forming bone, dentin, and cementum were analyzed. The sequences were determined from cDNA inserts of tooth and bone libraries plus directly from PCR fragments, obtained from bone. A total of 5721 bases of the rat collagen alpha1(I) sequence from cDNA of tooth and bone was determined. All sequences of the short variant were represented in the long variant. Only the alternatively poly-A additions gave rise to the variants in hard tissue. Two oligonucleotides were chosen as probes, one of which recognized, on Northern blots, the two bands of 5 and 6 kb, and the other the 6-kb variant only. The oligonucleotides were used in in situ hybridization experiments, for study of the distribution of the variants in different extracellular matrix-forming cells. Osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and cementum-associated cells were closely examined in sections from rat maxillae from 2 to 25 days of age. A similar or identical pattern of mRNA expression was observed with both oligonucleotides, indicating that the two mRNA variants were co-expressed in all cases.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cementogenesis', 'Collagen', 'Dentinogenesis', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Odontogenesis', 'Osteogenesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 10,065,941
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.124'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.186'], ['G05.308.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.750'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Genetic control of morphogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transposable phage D3112].
|
The influence of ts mutations in the early and late genes of transposable phage D3112 on phage morphogenesis was studied. The mutations in the early genes A, B and C were shown to suppress morphogenesis of D3112. Six genes (D, E, F, G, H and I), located from 14 to 29 kbp of the phage physical map, control morphogenesis of phage head. Five genes (J, K, L, M and N), clustered in the 29-36 kbp region of the map, control morphogenesis of tail. The similarity of genetic organization of the Escherichia coli transposable phage Mu and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage D3112 is discussed.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Genes, Viral', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Morphogenesis', 'Mutation', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']
| 2,517,491
|
[['B04.123'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G07.345.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biodiesel production from hydrolysate of Cyperus esculentus waste by Chlorella vulgaris.
|
To reduce the cost of algal-based biodiesel, a waste material from oil industry, Cyperus esculentus waste, was used as the carbon source of the oleaginous microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. It demonstrated that C. vulgaris grew better in C. esculentus waste hydrolysate (CEWH(1)) than in glucose medium under the same reducing sugar concentration. CEWH concentration influenced the cell growth and lipid production significantly. The maximum lipid productivity 438.85 mg l(-1) d(-1) was achieved at 40 g l(-1). Fed-batch culture was performed to further enhance lipid production. The maximum biomass, lipid content and lipid productivity were 20.75 g l(-1), 36.52%, and 621.53 mg l(-1) d(-1), respectively. The produced biodiesel was analyzed by GC-MS and the results suggested that lipids produced from CEWH could be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
|
['Batch Cell Culture Techniques', 'Biofuels', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chlorella vulgaris', 'Cyperus', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glucose', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lipids', 'Microalgae', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Time Factors', 'Waste Products']
| 23,548,401
|
[['E05.481.500.249.124'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['D09'], ['B01.650.940.150.469.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.312.199'], ['D10.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.380'], ['D10'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D20.944', 'N06.850.460.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stochastic variation in telomere shortening rate causes heterogeneity of human fibroblast replicative life span.
|
The replicative life span of human fibroblasts is heterogeneous, with a fraction of cells senescing at every population doubling. To find out whether this heterogeneity is due to premature senescence, i.e. driven by a nontelomeric mechanism, fibroblasts with a senescent phenotype were isolated from growing cultures and clones by flow cytometry. These senescent cells had shorter telomeres than their cycling counterparts at all population doubling levels and both in mass cultures and in individual subclones, indicating heterogeneity in the rate of telomere shortening. Ectopic expression of telomerase stabilized telomere length in the majority of cells and rescued them from early senescence, suggesting a causal role of telomere shortening. Under standard cell culture conditions, there was a minor fraction of cells that showed a senescent phenotype and short telomeres despite active telomerase. This fraction increased under chronic mild oxidative stress, which is known to accelerate telomere shortening. It is possible that even high telomerase activity cannot fully compensate for telomere shortening in all cells. The data show that heterogeneity of the human fibroblast replicative life span can be caused by significant stochastic cell-to-cell variation in telomere shortening.
|
['Blotting, Southern', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Separation', 'Cellular Senescence', 'DNA Damage', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibroblasts', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Phenotype', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Telomerase', 'Telomere', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 14,963,037
|
[['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G04.043'], ['G05.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Large-scale fabrication of two-dimensional spider-web-like gelatin nano-nets via electro-netting.
|
For the first time, two-dimensional (2D) gelatin nano-nets are fabricated by regulating the solution properties and several process parameters during electrospinning/electro-netting. The spider-web-like nano-nets that comprise interlinked one-dimensional (1D) ultrathin nanowires (10-35 nm) are stacked layer-by-layer and widely distributed in the three-dimensional (3D) porous membranes. The final morphology of the gelatin nano-nets, including nanowire diameter, area density and pore-width of the nano-nets, is highly dependent on the solution concentration, salt concentration, kinds of solvents, applied voltage, ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH). The occurrence of rapid phase separation on the splitting-film and the formation of hydrogen bond among gelatin molecules during electro-netting are proposed as the possible mechanisms for the formation of these spider-web-like nano-nets.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Gelatin', 'Humidity', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Materials Testing', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Nanowires', 'Polymers', 'Porosity', 'Solutions', 'Solvents', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature']
| 21,550,787
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D12.776.860.476'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D26.776'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Granulosa cell tumor--clinical group and literature review].
|
OBJECTIVE: To present a review of literature and to analyse a clinical retrospective series of patients with granulosa cell tumor.DESIGN: Retrospective study and review.SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of age, stage, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, survival curve, number of recurrences and time to recurrence. Literature and information database (Medline 1997-1999) review.RESULTS: In a group of 43 patients the median of age was 53.5 years. 83.7% of cases were in a stage I. There were two duplicate tumors in a series. Conservative surgery was performed in 9/43 cases, 5 of them were reoperated on. The most frequent chemotherapy regimens were platinum-cyclophoshamide and BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, platinum). The 5-year overall survival was 86% and specific survival 90.7%. There were 3/43 recurrences, median time to recurrence was 22 months.CONCLUSION: A good prognosis of a patient with granulosa cell tumor requires a precise histopathologic examination, an adequate surgery and a comprehensive clinical analysis of a case to evaluate an indication of adjuvant therapy. Concentration of patients in oncogynaecological centres is advisable. A careful follow-up because of a risk of late recurrences is necessary.
|
['Female', 'Granulosa Cell Tumor', 'Humans', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 10,953,492
|
[['C04.557.475.750.656', 'C04.588.322.455.398', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.398', 'C13.351.937.418.685.398', 'C19.344.410.398', 'C19.391.630.705.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Subregional loss of putaminal efferents to the basal ganglia output nuclei may cause parkinsonism in striatonigral degeneration.
|
In this study, we examined the topographic involvement of the putaminal projection neurons and their axons in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, which we visualized by calcineurin immunostaining, in the basal ganglia of patients with striatonigral degeneration (SND). In all cases examined, there was a marked decrease in number of calcineurin-immunopositive neurons in the caudal and lateral portion of the putamen. Also, marked depletion of calcineurin-immunoreactive putaminal efferents was consistently present in the posteroventrolateral portions of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and externa, and in the ventrolateral portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) topographically corresponding to the putaminal lesion. In view of the functional model of the basal ganglia "motor" circuit, these findings suggest that subregional deafferentation of the GPi/SNr (i.e., basal ganglia output nuclei) from putaminal inputs may be responsible for parkinsonism in patients with SND.
|
['Aged', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Putamen']
| 8,857,740
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['A08.612.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['C23.550.737'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.784']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dual neutralisation of interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F with bimekizumab in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from a 48-week phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.
|
OBJECTIVES: Bimekizumab selectively neutralises both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F. We report efficacy and safety in a phase IIb dose-ranging study in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).METHODS: Adults with AS (fulfilling modified New York criteria) were randomised 1:1:1:1:1 to bimekizumab 16 mg, 64 mg, 160 mg, 320 mg or placebo every 4 weeks for 12 weeks (double-blind period). At week 12, patients receiving bimekizumab 16 mg, 64 mg or placebo were re-randomised 1:1 to bimekizumab 160 mg or 320 mg every 4 weeks to week 48; other patients continued on their initial dose (dose-blind period). The primary end point was Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) 40 response at week 12 (non-responder imputation (NRI) for missing data).RESULTS: 303 patients were randomised: bimekizumab 16 mg (n=61), 64 mg (n=61), 160 mg (n=60), 320 mg (n=61) or placebo (n=60). At week 12, significantly more bimekizumab-treated patients achieved ASAS40 vs placebo (NRI: 29.5%-46.7% vs 13.3%; p<0.05 all comparisons; OR vs placebo 2.6-5.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 12.9)). A significant dose-response was observed (p<0.001). The primary end point was supported by all secondary efficacy outcomes. At week 48, 58.6% and 62.3% of patients receiving bimekizumab 160 and 320 mg throughout the study achieved ASAS40, respectively (NRI); similar ASAS40 response rates were observed in re-randomised patients. During the double-blind period, treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 26/60 (43.3%) patients receiving placebo and 92/243 (37.9%) receiving bimekizumab.CONCLUSIONS: Bimekizumab provided rapid and sustained improvements in key outcome measures in patients with active AS, with no unexpected safety findings versus previous studies.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02963506.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Biomarkers', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-17', 'Internationality', 'Male', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spondylitis, Ankylosing', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 32,253,184
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D23.101'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['Z01.542'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['I01.615'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C05.116.900.853.625.800.850', 'C05.550.069.680', 'C05.550.114.865.800.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prostaglandin F2 alpha isopropyl ester versus iloprost phenacyl ester in rabbit and beagle eyes.
|
One and 2 micrograms of prostaglandin F2 alpha isopropyl ester (PGF2 alpha -IE) applied topically to the rabbit eye caused a biphasic response. The hypotensive phase was dose-dependent with a maximum reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) of 9.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg at a dose of 2 micrograms. In beagles, 0.4 to 2 micrograms topical PGF2 alpha-IE resulted in a sustained IOP reduction; 2 micrograms produced the maximum reduction of 7-9 mmHg. No initial hypertensive response was observed. Iloprost phenacyl ester (Iloprost-PE) caused a greater decrease in IOP when dissolved in 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (AT) than in saline. In rabbits, doses of 0.1 to 1 microgram in AT caused a biphasic response with a sustained IOP decrease fluctuating between 7 and 8 mmHg. In beagles 1 and 2 micrograms Iloprost-PE resulted in a mean IOP reduction of 5.8 +/- 0.4 mmHg and 5.8 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.005), respectively; the decrease persisted for 5 hrs. No initial hypertensive response was observed. In beagles PGF2 alpha-IE induced a strong miosis lasting more than 6 hours; Iloprost-PE had no effect on pupil size. Both PG-esters induced a slight hyperemia in rabbit and beagle eyes. In rabbits Iloprost-PE affects the blood-aqueous barrier more than PGF2 alpha-IE, since higher protein concentrations are seen in the aqueous humor after application of Iloprost-PE. Neither PG-ester had a noticeable effect on aqueous protein in beagles. In rabbits, both PG-esters led to slightly increased aqueous humor cyclic-AMP concentrations. In beagles aqueous humor cyclic-AMP was elevated only after Iloprost-PE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Dinoprost', 'Dogs', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epoprostenol', 'Hyperemia', 'Hypromellose Derivatives', 'Iloprost', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Methylcellulose', 'Pupil', 'Rabbits', 'Time Factors', 'Tonometry, Ocular']
| 2,540,937
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.067.070', 'A12.207.270.040'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['C14.907.474'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.357', 'D09.698.365.180.455', 'D25.720.099.500.719', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500.719'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.125', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.125', 'D23.469.700.275'], ['G14.440'], ['D09.698.365.180.663'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.380.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycine-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of peculiar porous alpha-Fe2O3 nanospheres with excellent gas-sensing properties.
|
In this work, peculiar porous alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanospheres were fabricated by a glycine-assisted hydrothermal method. They have large mesopores (ca. 10nm) in the core and small mesopores (<4 nm) in the shell. To our best knowledge, there have been so far no reports on the synthesis of such peculiar porous alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanospheres. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the obtained Fe(2)O(3) nanospheres. Effects of preparation conditions, such as reactants, reaction temperature and reaction duration, were investigated on the morphology and structure of Fe(2)O(3) nanospheres. It was shown that the morphology and structure could be readily controlled by the time and temperature of hydrothermal treatment. The formation mechanism was proposed based on experimental results, which shows that glycine molecules play an important role in the formation of the morphology and porous structure of alpha-Fe(2)O(3). The alpha-Fe(2)O(3) porous nanospheres were used as gas sensing layer, and exhibited excellent gas-sensing properties to ethanol in terms of response and selectivity. The sensors showed good reproducibility and stability as well as short response (9 s) and recovery time (43 s) even at an ethanol concentration as low as 50 ppm. The gas-sensing properties of porous alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanospheres are also significantly better than those of previously reported Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles (ca. 30 nm). The sensitivity of the former is over four times higher than that of the latter at varied ethanol concentrations. The gas-sensing mechanism was discussed in details. Both fast response and steady signal make these peculiar nanostructures a promising candidate for ethanol detection.
|
['Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Ethanol', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Gases', 'Glycine', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Porosity', 'Temperature']
| 20,103,134
|
[['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.362'], ['D12.125.481'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['G01.374.710'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Accordant Trend of Both Parameters (rgs Expression and cAMP Content) Follows the Pattern of Development of Fruiting Body in Volvariella volvacea.
|
The formation of fruiting body in Volvariella volvacea is affected by endogenous genes and environmental factors. However, its regulation at a molecular level is still poorly understood. To study the genes involved in the formation of fruiting body, we cloned a new regulator of the G protein signaling (RGS) encoding gene (rgs) from V. volvacea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RGS in V. volvacea and other basidiomycete RGS proteins from Schizophyllum commune and Coprinus cinereus belong to the same clade. In addition, we assayed intracellular cAMP content in the three developmental stages (mycelium, fruiting body primordia, and button). We also found that the expression of rgs was highly positively correlated to the content of intracellular cAMP during fruiting body formation. The conserved protein sequences and expression of rgs, together with high concent of cAMP at primordia tissue, suggested that rgs gene and cAMP may play a crucial role in fruiting body formation in V. volvacea.
|
['Cloning, Molecular', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Fruiting Bodies, Fungal', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Gene Order', 'Phylogeny', 'Transcriptome', 'Volvariella']
| 26,264,785
|
[['E05.393.220'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A19.374'], ['D12.776.354'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G05.340'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['B01.300.179.100.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Practical guide to understanding the need for clinical practice guidelines.
|
With recent changes in the landscape of health care, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have proliferated. Attitudes about guidelines differ considerably, forming 2 competing viewpoints with considerable tension between them. Some feel CPGs are unneeded or are efforts to create automated "cookie cutter" medical practice; at best, they are perceived as suggestions that may be altered by experience. Others feel they are mandates that must be followed to the letter. This article attempts to explain how and why we have arrived at this point and to explain the origins of the differing viewpoints. We begin by describing the 2 viewpoints and proceed to define the origin of medicine as a profession and to chronicle the evolution of health insurance, medical education, and scientific methods for evaluating evidence.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Education, Medical', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'United States']
| 23,625,796
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['I02.358.399'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Regional differences in hypoxic depolarization and swelling in hippocampal slices.
|
Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are highly vulnerable to damage from hypoxia-ischemia, whereas neurons in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus are more resistant. A similar pattern of vulnerability to loss of synaptic and membrane function occurs in the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, suggesting that intrinsic factors are important in acute neuronal damage. Simultaneous recordings of DC potential and imaging of changes in light transmittance were made in slices from the middle one-third of the hippocampus to characterize the initiation and spread of depolarization and swelling during hypoxia-aglycemia. Hypoxic depolarization (HD) and associated optical changes were initiated simultaneously in the stratum oriens of the CA1 region and thereafter spread to the stratum radiatum of CA1 and later to the upper (inner) blade of the dentate gyrus. A decrease in light transmittance was associated consistently with depolarization in all regions (n = 22 slices). Investigation of the sequence of activation in intact slices showed that activation of the dentate gyrus arose independently of activation of the CA1 region. This was confirmed by recordings made from minislices in which CA1, CA3, and dentate regions were physically separated. HD and optical changes were never observed in the CA3 region, despite exposure to 40-60 min of combined hypoxia and aglycemia. In contrast, exposure to hypoxia after pretreatment of slices with altered tonicity or ion composition, which triggered episodes of spreading depolarization (SD), provoked depolarization and optical changes simultaneously in both CA1 and CA3 regions. Similarly, pretreatment with agents that cause severe metabolic impairment, such as dinitrophenol (DNP), also rendered the CA3 region vulnerable to subsequent hypoxia. This suggests that the CA3 region in hippocampal slices is normally resistant to HD and only becomes vulnerable after severe impairment of metabolic capacity. The similar order of vulnerability of in vitro and in vivo hippocampus to hypoxia-aglycemia supports the use of the hippocampal slice preparation to investigate early changes potentially contributing to hypoxic-ischemic injury.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Edema', 'Cortical Spreading Depression', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Light', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 10,669,514
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['G11.561.200.500.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['E05.723.402'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Public health physicians: an endangered species.
|
BACKGROUND: Questions have arisen regarding the competency levels of the various professions within the public health sector, including those of physicians. Protection of the nation's health requires that physicians on the public health team be competent practitioners of both medicine and public health. Physicians practicing in this arena are required to possess a vast array of knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be effective contributors in the field.METHODS: Using focus groups of key informants in public health, the context of practice, inventory of required competencies, current competencies, and identified gaps in these competencies, measures to address the situation were identified and discussed.RESULTS: Recommendations from the focus groups include: use of distance-based learning, development of educational materials and programs, use of the American College of Preventive Medicine as a facilitator, improved remuneration, changes to the certification process, utilization of mentoring programs, introduction of new marketing strategies, use of professional publications, and increased governmental/agency support. Contributors to this endeavor are identified.CONCLUSIONS: While we strive to improve the physician workforce entering the field, creative strategies for continued lifelong learning are urgently needed to facilitate ongoing development of physicians in the current public health workforce. This situation presents a major research agenda for public health practice. Identification of the essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes for public health physicians is the first step toward narrowing gaps in required competencies.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Competency-Based Education', 'Employment', 'Humans', 'Public Health']
| 11,567,846
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158.210'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Surface morphology of normal and virus-transformed cells in suspended state and their concanavalin A agglutinability].
|
Suspended cells are heterogeneous in respect to their surface microrelief. The distribution of different microrelieves varies in different cultures. It depends on the mode of cell detachment from the substrate - by EDTA or trypsin. Oncogenic transformation is accompanied by both the increase and decrease of microvillous microrelief. There is no correlation between the surface morphology of transformed cells and their agglutinability by concanavalin A. The treatment with trypsin results in the increase of both agglutinability by concanavalin A and microvillious microrelief.
|
['Agglutination', 'Animals', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cricetinae', 'Kirsten murine sarcoma virus', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microvilli', 'Mink', 'Sarcoma, Experimental', 'Simian virus 40', 'Surface Properties', 'Tumor Virus Infections']
| 6,291,200
|
[['G02.111.026', 'G12.122.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B04.265.600.500', 'B04.613.807.375.860.500', 'B04.820.650.375.860.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.500'], ['C04.557.450.795.830', 'C04.619.857', 'E05.598.500.496.968'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['G02.860'], ['C01.925.928']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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