Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inhibitory effect of TiO2
|
While nanoparticles (NPs) are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties, their effects on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant roots has to be carefully examined as NPs particularly of titanium dioxide (TiO2) reach plant roots through varied sources such as fertilisers, plant protection products and other nanoproducts. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of TiO2 NPs on the symbiotic behaviour of AMF colonising rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Using sol-gel method, TiO2 NPs with three different sizes were successfully synthesised employing doping. Characterisation of the prepared material was done by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesised materials were applied at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg plant-1 to the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal rice plants maintained in pots. The study revealed that the prepared NPs had an inhibitory effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant roots. Development of AMF structures such as vesicles and arbuscules was significantly reduced in TiO2-doped NPs with a relatively more inhibition in 2% TiO2-doped NPs. Among the concentrations of TiO2 NPs applied to different treatments, %F was significantly (P < 0.001) affected at medium to higher levels of application.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Survival', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Mycorrhizae', 'Oryza', 'Particle Size', 'Plant Roots', 'Titanium', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,476,964
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.346'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['A18.400.525', 'A19.690', 'B01.300.655', 'B05.550'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G02.712'], ['A18.400'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Gastric emptying of sucrose and maltose and levels of respective disaccharidases in the small intestinal mucosa of adult rats].
|
The gastric emptying of sucrose and maltose solutions at different concentrations, with addition of phenol red (6 mg%) used as a marker, was studied in 144 Wistar male rats. The gastric retention was determined 15 minutes after the orogastric infusion of sucrose and maltose solutions at 2.5%, 5% and 10% and volume of 1 and 2 ml/100 g weight of the animal, making 1 use of 12 rats for each volume and concentration. The activities of lactase, sucrase and maltase were evaluated in other eight rat's small intestine. The results demonstrated a maltase/sucrase activity rate of 4:1. The gastric retentions of the maltose solution were significantly higher than sucrose solution at 10% and 5% concentration, either 1 and 2 ml/100 g weight. There were no differences between gastric retention at 2.5% concentration neither with 2 nor 1 ml/100 g weight. As an explanation of these results it is proposed that the faster gastric emptying of sucrose solution 10% and 5% in relation with the same concentrations of maltose is due to a probable saturation of sucrase, that when achieved, interrupts the regulation of gastric emptying, determined by the intestinal receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Disaccharidases', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Maltose', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sucrose']
| 7,872,866
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.450.329'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['D09.698.365.450', 'D09.698.629.305.523', 'D09.947.750.523'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anterior Segment Seeding in Eyes With Retinoblastoma Failing to Respond to Intraophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy.
|
IMPORTANCE: Anterior chamber seeding following intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy is rarely reported.OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicopathologic observations in eyes in which intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy for retinoblastoma failed and to report anterior chamber involvement.OBSERVATIONS: A retrospective case series of 12 enucleated eyes (11 patients) with retinoblastoma refractory to intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy between March 1, 2010, and October 31, 2013, at University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and the Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital. Data analysis was conducted from June 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma groups were B in 1 eye (8%), C in 4 eyes (33%), and D in 7 eyes (58%). Systemic chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, etoposide, and carboplatin had failed in 10 patients (91%) and 6 eyes (50%) received additional local treatments. In 6 eyes (50%) anterior chamber invasion was clinically detectable. On histopathologic examination, 4 eyes (33%) had no viable retinal tumor; the remainder had poorly differentiated tumor (6 eyes [50%]) or moderately differentiated tumor (2 eyes [17%]). Anterior segment involvement occurred in the ciliary body and/or ciliary muscle (7 eyes [58%]), iris (6 eyes [50%]), and cornea (4 eyes [33%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy can fail in eyes with retinoblastoma. In contrast to previous reports on outcomes following intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy, our series shows involvement of the anterior segment of the eye, including the ciliary body, iris, and cornea. Careful case selection and follow-up are advised.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anterior Eye Segment', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carboplatin', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Etoposide', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Eye Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Seeding', 'Ophthalmic Artery', 'Retinal Neoplasms', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Failure', 'Vincristine']
| 26,334,520
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A09.371.060'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D02.257.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['E04.540.429'], ['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['C04.697.650.830', 'C23.550.727.650.830'], ['A07.015.114.622'], ['C04.588.364.818', 'C11.319.475', 'C11.768.717'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.725', 'C04.557.470.670.725', 'C04.557.580.625.600.725', 'C04.588.364.818.760', 'C11.270.862', 'C11.319.475.760', 'C11.768.717.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Environmental factors shape sediment anammox bacterial communities in hypernutrified Jiaozhou Bay, China.
|
Bacterial anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important process in the marine nitrogen cycle. Because ongoing eutrophication of coastal bays contributes significantly to the formation of low-oxygen zones, monitoring of the anammox bacterial community offers a unique opportunity for assessment of anthropogenic perturbations in these environments. The current study used targeting of 16S rRNA and hzo genes to characterize the composition and structure of the anammox bacterial community in the sediments of the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay, thereby unraveling their diversity, abundance, and distribution. Abundance and distribution of hzo genes revealed a greater taxonomic diversity in Jiaozhou Bay, including several novel clades of anammox bacteria. In contrast, the targeting of 16S rRNA genes verified the presence of only "Candidatus Scalindua," albeit with a high microdiversity. The genus "Ca. Scalindua" comprised the apparent majority of active sediment anammox bacteria. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated a heterogeneous distribution of the anammox bacterial assemblages in Jiaozhou Bay. Of all environmental parameters investigated, sediment organic C/organic N (OrgC/OrgN), nitrite concentration, and sediment median grain size were found to impact the composition, structure, and distribution of the sediment anammox bacterial community. Analysis of Pearson correlations between environmental factors and abundance of 16S rRNA and hzo genes as determined by fluorescent real-time PCR suggests that the local nitrite concentration is the key regulator of the abundance of anammox bacteria in Jiaozhou Bay sediments.
|
['Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'China', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Environment', 'Eutrophication', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phylogeny', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Water Microbiology']
| 20,833,786
|
[['B03.130'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G16.500.285'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Management of patients with stercoral perforation of the sigmoid colon: report of five cases.
|
To our knowledge, stercoral perforation of the colon is rarely seen with fewer than 90 cases reported in the literature till date. We explored the principles of management to prevent impending mortality in five patients with this condition. Five patients, two males and three females, whose median age was 64 years, had sustained stercoral perforation of the sigmoid colon. Chronic constipation was the common symptom among these patients. Three patients underwent a Hartmannos procedure and another two were treated with segmental colectomy with anastomosis and diverting colostomy. There was one surgical mortality and the other patients had an uneventful hospital stay. Timely intervention to prevent and/or treat any associated sepsis along with extensive peritoneal lavage and surgical intervention to remove diseased colonic tissue at the primary stercoral ulceration site coupled with aggressive therapy for peritonitis are key treatment modalities in salvaging patients presenting with stercoral perforation of the colon.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colon, Sigmoid', 'Constipation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 16,489,660
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.668', 'A03.556.249.249.356.668'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Safety and efficacy evaluation of lanthanum carbonate for hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients.
|
In end-stage renal disease patients, various abnormalities of bone mineral metabolism adversely affect mortality. Hyperphosphatemia is known to adversely affect mortality and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients and has been shown to be involved not only in the onset and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism but also in vascular calcification. Thus, hyperphosphatemia is the main treatment target indicated in several guidelines for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder treatment. Phosphate binders are typically required for the management of hyperphosphatemia because dietary phosphorus restriction and phosphorus removal by hemodialysis alone are insufficient. We are able to prescribe five phosphate binders (calcium carbonate, sevelamer HCl, lanthanum carbonate (LaC), bixalomer, and ferric citrate) to Japanese hemodialysis patients. LaC is the most powerful noncalcium-containing phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. In this chapter, we discuss the efficacy and safety of LaC, the safety of which has been under debate. In particular, we consider its toxic effects on the skeletal system. LaC is effective for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal failure patients. It has been shown to be able to decrease serum fibroblast growth factor-23 levels. This result suggests that it may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. However, the effects of LaC remain obscure. Further investigations are required. No negative effects of LaC on bone metabolism or bone morphometry have been reported, but long-term clinical data are needed.
|
['Bone and Bones', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Humans', 'Hyperphosphatemia', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Lanthanum', 'Phosphates', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Time Factors']
| 26,023,014
|
[['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.750.199'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D01.268.558.362.500', 'D01.552.550.399.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
IL-33 Reverses an Obesity-Induced Deficit in Visceral Adipose Tissue ST2+ T Regulatory Cells and Ameliorates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance.
|
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation thought to be caused by a visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-localized reduction in immunoregulatory cells and increase in proinflammatory immune cells. We previously found that VAT regulatory T cells (Tregs) normally express high levels of IL-10 and that expression of this cytokine in VAT Tregs is specifically reduced in mice fed a high-fat diet. In this study, we further investigated the phenotype of VAT Tregs and found that the majority of IL-10-expressing Tregs in the VAT of lean mice also expressed the ST2 chain of the IL-33R. In addition to high expression of IL-10, ST2(+) Tregs in lean VAT expressed higher proportions of Th2-associated proteins, including GATA3 and CCR4, and Neuropillin-1 compared with ST2(-) Tregs. The proportion of ST2(+) Tregs in VAT was severely diminished in obese mice that had been fed a high-fat/sucrose diet, and this effect could be completely reversed by treatment with IL-33. IL-33 treatment also reversed VAT inflammation in obese mice and resulted in a reduction of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. These data suggest that IL-33 contributes to the maintenance of the normal pool of ST2(+) Tregs in the VAT, and that therapeutic administration of IL-33 results in multiple anti-obesity effects, including the reversal of VAT inflammation and alleviation of insulin resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Inflammation', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein', 'Interleukin-33', 'Interleukins', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Obesity', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 25,870,243
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.375'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.850', 'D12.776.467.374.465.850', 'D23.529.374.465.850'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Temporomandibular Joints in Patients With Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Complaints Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine if there was any temporomandibular joint (TMJ) indicator that was not statistically different in the controls but was with statistical difference between the bilateral sides in patients with unilateral TMJ complaints using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).METHODS: TMJ CBCT images of 123 patients were used to preliminarily determine the indicators suitable for the measuring method. TMJ CBCT image reconstruction was performed and 19 indicators were measured. Thirty-six patients without TMJ complaint were used as controls. These bilateral TMJs were analyzed by paired t test to find out the indicators without statistical significance in the control group. Fifty patients with TMJ complaints unilaterally were used to determine the indicators that showed no statistical difference in the control group and showed statistical difference in the unilateral TMJ complaints group.RESULTS: All measured values showed no difference statistically in the control group, except the radius value. In the group of unilateral TMJ complaints, sagittal 60° joint space was statistically different (P < 0.05); parallel 120° and sagittal 90° joint space were significantly different (P < 0.01); the rest of the measured values proved to be of no statistical difference.CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal 60° joint space, parallel 120°, and sagittal 90° joint space were suggested to be the indicators with statistical difference between symptomatic side and asymptomatic side in patients with unilateral TMJ complaints. Comparing with the asymptomatic side, there is a significant joint space increase in symptomatic side in the patients with unilateral TMJ complaint.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthrometry, Articular', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Middle Aged', 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders', 'Young Adult']
| 26,595,003
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.700.500', 'G11.427.760.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The potential of matrix metalloproteinase-2 as a marker of peritoneal injury, increased solute transport, or progression to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis during peritoneal dialysis--a multicentre study in Japan.
|
BACKGROUND: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to peritoneal injury. At worst, peritoneal injury leads to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), which is a serious complication of PD. The mortality rate of EPS is extremely high. To perform PD safely, monitoring of peritoneal injury that leads to EPS is a necessity.METHODS: A total of 444 PD patients with end-stage renal disease at 60 centres in Japan were analysed (sex, 54% males; median age, 56 years; median PD duration, 55 months). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the peritoneal effluents were analysed with gelatin zymography or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells expressing MMP-2 in the peritoneal tissue were investigated immunohistologically with anti-MMP-2 antibodies. Peritoneal solute transport was assessed with the peritoneal equilibration test (PET).RESULTS: The MMP-2 levels in peritoneal effluents obtained with the PET were significantly correlated with the D/P Cr ratio (R = 0.69, P < 0.001) and the D/D0 glucose ratio (R = -0.59, P < 0.001). The MMP-2 levels in patients with mild peritoneal injury, moderate peritoneal injury, severe peritoneal injury (EPS) and infectious peritonitis were significantly higher than those in control patients (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). MMP-2 was produced by myofibroblast-like mesenchymal cells and macrophages in the peritoneum. The peritoneal effluents from patients with infectious peritonitis showed strong MMP-9 signals.CONCLUSIONS: From these results, MMP-2 levels in peritoneal effluents reflect peritoneal solute transport and changes in MMP-2 levels are associated with peritoneal injury that leads to EPS. MMP-2 may be a useful marker of peritoneal injury, increased solute transport or progression to EPS.
|
['Aged', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Dialysis Solutions', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Japan', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Peritoneal Diseases', 'Peritoneum', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sclerosis', 'Time Factors']
| 17,035,369
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A12.207.119'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D26.776.708.322', 'D27.505.954.578.483', 'D27.720.752.483'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['C06.844'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.550.823'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pyridinium derivatives of histamine are potent activators of cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II and VII.
|
A series of positively-charged derivatives has been prepared by reaction of histamine with substituted pyrylium salts. These pyridinium histamine derivatives were investigated as activators of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) and more precisely the human isoforms hCA I, II and VII. Activities from the subnanomolar to the micromolar range were detected for these compounds as activators of the three isoforms, confirming the validity of current and previous designs. The substitution pattern at the pyridinium ring was the main factor influencing activity, the three isoforms showing different structural requirements for good activity, related with the number of pyridinium substituting groups and their nature, among various alkyl, phenyl and para-substituted styryl moieties. We were successful in identifying nanomolar potent and selective activators for each isozyme and also activators with a relatively good activity against all isozymes tested--valuable lead compounds for physiology and pathology studies involving these isozymes.
|
['Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrase I', 'Carbonic Anhydrase II', 'Carbonic Anhydrase IV', 'Cattle', 'Cytosol', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phenazopyridine', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 21,369,613
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150.100'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150.200'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150.400', 'D12.776.395.550.448.160', 'D12.776.543.484.500.160', 'D12.776.543.550.418.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.725.050.610'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The pathologist's guide to fixatives.
|
Proper tissue fixation is essential to ensure the highest level of specimen evaluation. Pathologists and laboratory staff are frequently consulted by clinical counterparts regarding what fixative should be used for different tissues or to enable a diagnosis of a specific condition. It is vital for the patient that the pathologist provides accurate information to ensure proper fixation. Frequently, once a tissue has been fixed inadequately or inappropriately, remedial changes may no longer be possible. Most often formalin is an adequate choice, if not the optimal one; however, there are certain situations when placing the tissue in formalin may limit the ability to reach a definitive diagnosis. It is imperative for pathologists to have the knowledge to communicate which fixative is optimal. Furthermore, as we move into a world of personalized medicine, where ancillary testing has both diagnostic and specific therapeutic implications, knowledge about how different fixatives affect immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular studies becomes even more significant. This chapter provides practical information regarding common fixatives, their mechanism of action and optimal uses.
|
['Fixatives', 'Humans', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pathology', 'Tissue Fixation']
| 25,015,140
|
[['D27.720.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.650'], ['H02.403.650'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of resistance to eprinomectin in gastrointestinal nematodes in a goat herd with pre-existing resistance to benzimidazoles.
|
We described a first case of resistance to eprinomectin in goat herd in Poland in which resistance to benzimidazoles had been previously reported. The herd was established in 2011 by purchasing several goats from a single herd in south-eastern Poland. Resistance to benzimidazoles in the herd was first reported in 2017. Shortly after the owner started to signal low effectiveness of the treatment with eprinomectin. In June 2018 the larval development test from pooled faecal sample was performed and the results indicated the presence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and levamisole. In July 2018 a faecal egg count (FEC) reduction test was performed in 39 animals with levamisole, eprinomectin and one untreated control group. Drugs were used in doses recommended for goats. Three methods of calculation of FEC reduction were compared. After eprinomectin treatment, FEC reduction ranged from 0 to 20%, depending on the method of calculation. FEC reduction following levamisole treatment was 100%. Main species present in the faecal samples after treatment and in larvicidal concentrations in larval development test was Haemonchus contortus. This is the first report of anthelminthic resistance to macrocylic lactones (eprinomectin) in goats in Poland.
|
['Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Drug Resistance', 'Feces', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Ivermectin', 'Nematoda', 'Nematode Infections', 'Parasite Egg Count']
| 31,867,918
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['A12.459'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['D02.540.576.500.997'], ['B01.050.500.500.294'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased aEEG continuity and baseline variability in the first 48 hours of life associated with poor short-term outcome in neonates born before 29 weeks gestation.
|
Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) provides us with a method of assessing brain activity in critically ill neonates. In extremely premature neonates, the aEEG trace is predominantly discontinuous, making it difficult to distinguish between a "normal" and "abnormal" trace. We measured aEEG activity in the first 48 h of life in neonates born before 29-wk gestation and used both visual and quantitative analysis of the aEEG data to assess differences in neonates with poor short-term outcome [death or peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (P/IVH)] compared with those who survived without P/IVH to identify features of an abnormal aEEG. On quantitative analysis, EEG continuity <80% at 10-microV level was a sensitive and specific marker of poor short-term outcome. By using this marker, we identified 83% of neonates who died or developed grade 3 or 4 IVH and 60% of neonates who developed grades 1 or 2 IVH, with a positive predictive value for death or any IVH of 73% and a negative predictive value of 86%. Absence of sleep-wake cycling with baseline variability <2 microV was the strongest predictor of outcome using visual analysis alone.
|
['Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intracranial Hemorrhages', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'New South Wales', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']
| 20,098,343
|
[['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['C10.228.140.300.535', 'C14.907.253.573', 'C23.550.414.913'], ['E01.370.520'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neuropathy and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein IgM M proteins: T cell regulation of M protein secretion in vitro.
|
In patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, individual clones of antibody-producing cells proliferate abnormally and secrete monoclonal antibodies or M proteins in excess. The cause of the monoclonal proliferation of lymphocytes and M protein secretion is unknown and it is not known whether the M protein-secreting B cells are autonomous or capable of responding to regulatory T cells. We carried out experiments using lymphocytes from a patient with neuropathy and plasma cell dyscrasia whose IgM M protein bound to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) to determine whether secretion of the M protein in vitro was responsive to T cell help or suppression. M protein secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for measuring anti-MAG IgM, and the number of M protein-secreting lymphocytes was enumerated by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay specific for the M protein idiotype. The patient's B cells were maximally stimulated by pokeweed mitogen-activated autologous OKT4+ T-helper cells and the helper effect was inhibited by OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Low levels of M protein secretion in the absence of T cells were also observed and there was partial stimulation of M protein secretion by T cells in the absence of pokeweed mitogen.
|
['Autoantibodies', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Blood Proteins', 'Cell Separation', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Immunoglobulins', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocyte Cooperation', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia']
| 2,412,486
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E05.481'], ['G04.502', 'G12.575'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['C10.668.829'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['C04.557.595.925', 'C14.907.454.960', 'C15.378.147.780.925', 'C15.378.463.515.960', 'C15.604.515.925', 'C20.683.780.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inspiratory muscle training in Morquio's syndrome: a case study.
|
We reported a case of MPS IV A presented with dyspnea on exertion and respiratory muscle weakness. The patient underwent inspiratory muscle training (IMT) using threshold loading for 18 weeks. After 6 weeks of initial IMT, aerobic exercise training consisting of walking was added to the treatment program. Inspiratory muscle strength increased 70%, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance increased to 47 m. With the inclusion of aerobic exercise training, additional increases in inspiratory muscle strength (7%) and 6MWT distance (26.5 m) were obtained. Exertional dyspnea improved from severe to slight after 6 weeks of IMT, and to very slight after additional 12 weeks of combined aerobic training and IMT. Health-related quality of life improved especially in social function, emotional function, vitality, and physical role. In conclusion, inspiratory muscles can be trained with the improvement of muscle strength in a patient with Morquio's syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Dyspnea', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis IV', 'Quality of Life', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Respiratory Therapy']
| 16,998,925
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.202.715.655', 'C16.320.565.595.600.655', 'C17.300.550.575.655', 'C18.452.648.202.715.655', 'C18.452.648.595.600.655'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['E02.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low sensitivity of F-wave in the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies showed "F-wave inversion" (F-INV) as a sensitive method in the electrodiagnosis of early stage of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of F-wave and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing in CTS.METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 244 cases and 108 controls. F-waves analysis included: Fwave minimum and mean latencies, F-wave persistence and chronodispersion, mean-F/CMAP amplitude ratio, F-INV. Specificity and sensitivity of F-waves parameters were calculated in the whole sample of CTS patients and by grouping the patients according to CTS severity. Multivariate logistic regression was also performed using F-INV as a dependent variable.RESULTS: In the whole sample the sensitivity of F-mean-INV and of median-ulnar NCV comparative testing was 50.8% and 93.7%, respectively. F-INV sensitivity dropped to 8% in CTS early stage. F-INV could be predicted only by distal motor latency of the median nerve. The sensitivity of all F-wave parameters increased only in the most severe stages of CTS.CONCLUSIONS: This study does not confirm the electrodiagnostic usefulness of F-INV in early stage of CTS. All F-wave parameters, including F-INV, are much less sensitive than conventional NCV in CTS electrodiagnosis. F-wave does not add further useful information specifically related to CTS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neural Conduction', 'Prospective Studies']
| 25,561,074
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['E01.370.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.800.720.050.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Co-localization of tissue factor protein and its mRNA in human blood monocytes.
|
Triggering of both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways is mediated by the cell surface receptor Tissue Factor (TF). The ability to observe the cell surface TF protein and its mRNA at the single cell level would facilitate our understanding of the cellular biology of TF in health and diseased states. Employing the methods of immuno-gold silver staining and in situ hybridization using non-isotopically labelled oligoprobes, tissue factor antigen and mRNA were detected simultaneously in endotoxin stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monocytes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thromboplastin']
| 8,907,313
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.124.125.900', 'D23.119.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biliopancreatic diversion induces villi elongation and cholecystokinin and ghrelin increase.
|
INTRODUCTION: Factors leading to weight loss and weight stabilization after bariatric surgery are not fully understood. Our aim was to evaluate, in Sprague-Dawley rats, the histological and gut hormonal changes after Larrad-biliopancreatic diversion (Larrad-BPD).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats randomly underwent the following protocols: Larrad-BPD (n=4) versus pair fed (PF) (n=4). Weight and food intake were measured every day. By immunohistochemistry ghrelin was examined in the stomach, while cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and serotonin (5-HT) expression were analyzed in alimentary limb and ileum following or not the Larrad-BPD.RESULTS: Larrad-BPD rats exhibited significant (P<0.05) weight loss compared to PF rats. Villi enlongation was observed in Larrad-BPD rats. In residual stomach, ghrelin was diminished. In the alimentary limb, ghrelin and CCK positive cells were detected more than in the ileum of PF rats. GLP-1 expression was decreased and PYY expression was absent after Larrad-BPD compared with PF rats.DISCUSSION: Larrad-BPD is followed by histological changes and a pleiotropic gut endocrine response aimed to compensate the reduction of intestinal area exposed to food. Until now, the hormones responsible for the intestinal hypertrophy have not been defined.
|
['Animals', 'Biliopancreatic Diversion', 'Body Weight', 'Cholecystokinin', 'Energy Intake', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Ghrelin', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 22,813,405
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.210.120.086', 'E04.210.169'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D06.472.317.152', 'D12.644.120'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The perforation problem in hydatid disease.
|
Hydatidosis (echinococcosis) is endemic in the Mediterranean region, including Turkey. We evaluated the problem of perforation in hydatidosis. The clinical data on 21 patients with intra-abdominal hydatid cyst perforation who were treated in the last 10 years were evaluated retrospectively. Twelve patients (57%) were men and nine (43%) were women. Their average age was 40 (range = 20-65). Blunt trauma was the etiologic mechanism in four cases (19%). Except for a case with a cyst in the left inguinal region, most (95%) of the patients had primary hepatic hydatidosis (95%). The procedures used on the 30 cysts found in 21 patients were as follows: partial cystectomy and drainage in 21 (70%), total cystectomy in 5 (17%), partial cystectomy plus omentopexy in 2 (7%), and drainage plus vacuum obliteration in 2 (7%). The average postoperative hospital stay was 12 days (range = 6-30). Two patients (10%) had complications: an incisional hernia developed in one patient, and a gastrocutaneous fistula developed in the other. Albendazole (10 mg/kg/day) was prescribed for two months. The mean follow-up time was 80 months (range = 6-131). Three patients (14%) underwent additional surgery for recurrence at various times. The morbidity and mortality associated with perforated hydatid cysts were higher when compared with that of nonperforated cysts. Hydatidosis is endemic in Turkey and traffic accidents are common. When these factors coexist, hydatid perforation should be considered in trauma patients with stable hemodynamics, but suspicious abdominal findings. The choice of the operative approach should be based on the experience of the surgeon and regional characteristics.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Echinococcosis', 'Echinococcosis, Hepatic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Retinal Perforations', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Turkey']
| 12,201,593
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.610.335.190.396'], ['C01.610.335.190.396.314', 'C01.610.518.314', 'C06.552.664.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C11.768.740'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clonazepam-related sexual dysfunction in male veterans with PTSD.
|
Medication-induced sexual dysfunction can significantly interfere with patients' quality of life and lead to poor compliance. This retrospective study examined the records of 100 male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) selected in alphabetical order from an active treatment file of 230 patients. Forty-two patients had received clonazepam (mean maximum dose: 3.4 +/- 1.6 mg/day) at some point during their treatment. Of these, 18 (42.9%) complained of significant sexual dysfunction (primarily erectile dysfunction). Eighty-four patients received diazepam (mean maximum dose: 52.1 +/- 29.7 mg/day), nine received alprazolam (mean maximum dose: 5.2 +/- 2.8 mg/day) and eight received lorazepam (mean maximum dose: 3.8 +/- 2.4 mg/day). None of these patients complained of sexual dysfunction during treatment with these three other benzodiazepines. Our findings suggest that benzodiazepines, particularly clonazepam in the current study, can be a cause of sexual dysfunction in many male patients. Prospective studies comparing the overall clinical utility of various benzodiazepines are indicated in this and other clinic populations.
|
['Adult', 'Alprazolam', 'Clonazepam', 'Combat Disorders', 'Diazepam', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'GABA Modulators', 'Humans', 'Lorazepam', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Veterans']
| 9,160,580
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.030'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.150'], ['F03.950.750.249'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Distinct Clinical Phenotype of Corneal Dystrophy Predicts the p.(Leu450Trp) Substitution in COL8A2.
|
PURPOSE: The p.(Leu450Trp) substitution in Collagen, Type VIII, Alpha 2 (COL8A2) is associated with an early-onset corneal dystrophy. Here we identify distinct anterior corneal and keratorefractive changes associated with this disease and replicate its distinguishing endothelial characteristics in a new family.METHODS: We reviewed clinical data from a large family associated with the p.(Leu450Trp) COL8A2 mutation. We compared clinical photographs and keratometry over an 11-year period. We sought to replicate these findings, and after a 40-year-old male subject presented similarly, we obtained a peripheral blood sample and sequenced COL8A2.RESULTS: Of 10 individuals with the p.(Leu450Trp) substitution, clinical records noted corneal edema in 6, of which 4 showed epithelial microcystic edema. Eleven-year progression data reveal a marked increase in subepithelial corneal edema and gradual, profound increase in anterior corneal astigmatism. Sequencing of genomic DNA from the unrelated individual predictably identified a c.1349T>G [p.(Leu450Trp)] heterozygous variation in COL8A2. Confocal microscopy confirmed attenuated endothelium, and histopathology revealed no guttae, consistent with findings from a previously identified family.CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral, anterior microcystic corneal edema represents a characteristic aspect of the phenotype associated with the p.(Leu450Trp) substitution in COL8A2, in at least 2 of 3 known affected families worldwide. We describe long-term progression and Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty for this disease for the first time.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Collagen Type VIII', 'Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary', 'Corneal Edema', 'Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Silent Mutation']
| 26,989,952
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.860.300.250.400.400'], ['C11.204.236', 'C11.270.162', 'C16.320.290.162'], ['C11.204.267'], ['E02.095.147.725.262', 'E04.540.825.374.112', 'E04.936.580.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G05.365.590.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of socioeconomic factors on twin pregnancy].
|
A material of 336 mothers of twins was divided into four groups on the basis of socioeconomic background. On average, mothers belonging to the first social class delivered at 38.2 +/- 1.6 week of pregnancy and their newborn weighed more than those in other social classes. Careful follow-up at outpatient maternity clinics is warranted in the case of expectant mothers of twins belonging to the third or fourth social class.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy, Multiple', 'Prognosis', 'Social Class', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Twins']
| 3,765,754
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['G08.686.784.769.545'], ['E01.789'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
"Quasi-REML" correlation estimates between production and health traits in the presence of selection and confounding: a simulation study.
|
Performance of the "quasi-REML" method for estimating correlations between a continuous trait and a categorical trait, and between two categorical traits, was studied with Monte Carlo simulations. Three continuous, correlated traits were simulated for identical populations and three scenarios with either no selection, selection for one moderately heritable trait (Trait 1, h2 = .25), and selection for the same trait plus confounding between sires and management groups. The "true" environmental correlations between Traits 2 (h2 = .10) and 3 (h2 = .05) were always of the same absolute size (.20), but further data scenarios were generated by setting the sign of environmental correlation to either positive or negative. Observations for Traits 2 and 3 were then reassigned to binomial categories to simulate health or reproductive traits with incidences of 15 and 5%, respectively. Genetic correlations (r(g12), r(g13), and r(g23) and environmental correlations (r(e12), r(e13), and r(e23)) were estimated for the underlying continuous scale (REML) and the visible categorical scales ("quasi-REML") with linear multiple-trait sire and animal models. Contrary to theory, practically all "quasi-REML" genetic correlations were underestimated to some extent with the sire and animal models. Selection inflated this negative bias for sire model estimates, and the sign of r(e23) noticeably affected r(g23) estimates for the animal model, with greater bias and SD for estimates when the "true" r(e23) was positive. Transformed "quasi-REML" environmental correlations between a continuous and a categorical trait were estimated with good efficiency and little bias, and corresponding correlations between two categorical traits were systematically overestimated. Confounding between sires and contemporary groups negatively affected all correlation estimates on the underlying and the visible scales, especially for sire model "quasi-REML" estimates of genetic correlation. Selection, data structure, and the (co)variance structure influences how well correlations involving categorical traits are estimated with "quasi-REML" methods.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Multifactorial Inheritance', 'Phenotype', 'Selection, Genetic']
| 10,229,350
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.420.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.783']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term weight change and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC).
|
We examined prospectively the association between weight change during adulthood and breast cancer risk, using data on 1358 incident cases that developed during 5.8 years of follow-up among 40,429 premenopausal and 57,923 postmenopausal women from six European countries, taking part in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios according to weight change (kg), defined as the weight difference between age at enrollment and age 20 adjusted for other risk factors. Changes in weight were not associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk. In postmenopausal women, weight gain was positively associated with breast cancer risk only among noncurrent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users (P-trend < or = 0.0002). Compared to women with a stable weight (+/-2 kg), the relative risk for women who gained 15-20 kg was 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.13). The pooled RR per weight gain increment of 5 kg was 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.12). Weight gain was not associated with breast cancer risk in current HRT users, although, overall, these women experienced a much higher risk of breast cancer compared with nonusers. Our findings suggest that large adult weight gain was a significant predictor of breast cancer in postmenopausal women not taking exogenous hormones.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Composition', 'Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cohort Studies', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Hormone Replacement Therapy', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Postmenopause', 'Premenopause', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Weight Gain']
| 16,136,032
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542'], ['E02.319.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The two-component system CesRK controls the transcriptional induction of cell envelope-related genes in Listeria monocytogenes in response to cell wall-acting antibiotics.
|
The two-component system CesRK of Listeria monocytogenes responds to cell wall-acting antibiotics. We show here that CesRK controls the transcription of several cell envelope-related genes. The CesRK-dependent induction of these genes may be viewed as an attempt by L. monocytogenes to protect itself against the damaging effects of cell wall-acting antibiotics.
|
['Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Cefuroxime', 'Cell Wall', 'Ethanol', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Kinases', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Vancomycin']
| 18,456,805
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.188', 'D02.886.665.074.188', 'D03.633.100.300.249.188'], ['A11.284.183'], ['D02.033.375'], ['G05.308.300'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
["Activity based costing" in radiology].
|
BACKGROUND: The introduction of diagnosis related groups for reimbursement of hospital services in Germany (g-drg) demands for a reconsideration of utilization of radiological products and costs related to them.METHODS: Traditional cost accounting as approach to internal, department related budgets are compared with the accounting method of activity based costing (ABC). The steps, which are necessary to implement ABC in radiology are developed.CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of a process-oriented cost analysis is feasible for radiology departments. ABC plays a central role in the set-up of decentralized controlling functions within this institutions. The implementation seems to be a strategic challenge for department managers to get more appropriate data for adequate enterprise decisions. The necessary steps of process analysis can be used for other purposes (Certification, digital migration) as well.
|
['Budgets', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'Financial Management', 'Germany', 'Hospital Costs', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Models, Economic', 'National Health Programs', 'Radiology Department, Hospital']
| 12,132,124
|
[['N03.219.463.060'], ['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.521.710.305.200.080'], ['N03.219.463'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N03.219.151.400.687', 'N03.219.262.500', 'N05.300.375.500'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['N03.349.550'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.695', 'N04.452.442.452.422.695']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Is there an association between intestinal perfusion and Crohn's disease activity? A feasibility study using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
|
A recent study used contrast-enhanced ultrasound to assess splanchnic haemodynamics. This study investigates whether an association exists between disease activity and splanchnic transit time in patients with suspected Crohn's disease. The study protocol had the approval of the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained. 18 patients (11 women; mean age, 40 years; age range, 23-69 years) with suspected or confirmed Crohn's disease were recruited prospectively. A bolus injection of an ultrasound contrast agent was given via a peripheral vein and time-intensity curves of the superior mesenteric artery and vein were analysed. Splanchnic transit time was calculated as the time interval between the rise in signal intensity to >10% above baseline value. Baseline parameters measured included the time-averaged maximum velocity and cross-sectional area of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Pearson correlations were used to test associations between different numeric measurements; the independent samples t-test was used to test associations between different numeric measurements; and the independent samples t-test was used to compare mean values between patients with active and inactive disease. There was a weak negative association between splanchnic transit time and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (r = -0.42), which did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.13), although the mean splanchnic transit time was reduced in the active group (4.0 s vs 6.9 s). The SMA flow rate was significantly greater in active disease (37 ml s(-1) vs 22 ml s(-1); Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.02). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound as an assessment tool for Crohn's disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Barium Sulfate', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Contrast Media', 'Crohn Disease', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Artery, Superior', 'Middle Aged', 'Phospholipids', 'Radiography', 'Splanchnic Circulation', 'Sulfur Hexafluoride', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 18,955,414
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.103.075', 'D01.875.800.800.850.075'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A07.015.114.565.755'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.570.755'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G09.330.100.881'], ['D01.303.350.300.900', 'D01.362.820', 'D01.875.812'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Responses of hippocampal formation neurons in the monkey related to delayed spatial response and object-place memory tasks.
|
The memory for where in the environment a particular visual stimulus has been seen is one of the types of memory relatively specifically impaired by hippocampal damage in primates including man. In order to investigate what processing might be performed by the hippocampus related to this type of memory, the activity of hippocampal neurons was recorded while monkeys performed an object-place memory task. In this task, the monkey was shown a sample stimulus in one position on a video screen, there was a delay of 2 s, and then the same or a different stimulus was shown in the same or in a different position. The monkey remembered the sample and its position, and if both matched the delayed stimulus, he licked to obtain fruit juice. Of the 600 neurons analysed in this task, 3.8% responded differently for the different spatial positions, with some of these responding differentially during the sample presentation, some in the delay period, and some in the match period. Thus some hippocampal neurons respond differently for stimuli shown in different positions in space, and some respond differently when the monkey is remembering different positions in space. In addition some of the neurons responded to a combination of object and place information, in that they responded only to a novel object in a particular place. These neuronal responses were not due to any response being made or prepared by the monkey, for information about which behavioral response was required was not available until the match stimulus was shown. This is the first demonstration that some hippocampal neurons in the primate have activity related to the spatial position of stimuli. The activity of these neurons was also measured in a delayed spatial response task, in which the monkey was shown a stimulus in one position, and, after a 2 s delay when two identical stimuli were shown, had to reach to touch the stimulus which was in the position in which it had previously been seen. It was found that the majority of the neurons which responded in the object-place memory task did not respond in the delayed response task. Instead, a different population of neurons (5.7% of the total) responded in the delayed spatial response task, with differential left-right responses in the sample, delay, or match periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Arousal', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Form Perception', 'Hippocampus', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Memory', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Mental Recall', 'Neurons', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time']
| 2,757,782
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A negative role of SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase in growth factor-dependent hematopoietic cell survival.
|
SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells; however, the function of SHP-2 in hematopoietic cell processes is not fully understood. Recent identification of SHP-2 mutations in childhood leukemia further emphasizes the importance of SHP-2 regulation in hematopoietic cells. We previously reported that SHP-2 played a positive role in IL-3-induced activation of Jak2 kinase in a catalytic-dependent manner. Interestingly, enforced expression of wild-type (WT) SHP-2 in Ba/F3 cells enhanced growth factor deprivation-induced apoptosis. Biochemical analyses revealed that although IL-3 activation of Jak2 kinase was increased, tyrosyl phosphorylation of its downstream substrate STAT5 was disproportionately decreased by the overexpression of SHP-2. Following IL-3 deprivation, the tyrosyl phosphorylation of STAT5 that is required for its antiapoptotic activity was rapidly diminished in SHP-2 overexpressing cells. As a result, reduction of the putative downstream targets of STAT5-Bcl-X(L) and pim-1 was accelerated by overexpression of SHP-2. Further investigation showed that SHP-2 associated with STAT5, and that it was indeed able to dephosphorylate STAT5. Finally, overexpression of SHP-2 in primary bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells compromised their differentiative and proliferative potential, and enhanced growth factor withdrawal-induced cell death. And, the effect of SHP-2 overexpression on growth factor-dependent survival was diminished in STAT5-deficient hematopoietic cells. Taken together, these results suggest that SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase negatively regulates hematopoietic cell survival by dephosphorylation of STAT5.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Growth Substances', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Janus Kinase 2', 'Mice', 'Milk Proteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'STAT5 Transcription Factor', 'Trans-Activators']
| 15,116,097
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200', 'D12.776.476.393.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.800', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.800', 'D12.644.360.585.800', 'D12.776.476.564.800', 'D12.776.476.800.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.500', 'D12.776.930.840.500'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural insight into dynamic bypass of the major cisplatin-DNA adduct by Y-family polymerase Dpo4.
|
Y-family DNA polymerases bypass Pt-GG, the cisplatin-DNA double-base lesion, contributing to the cisplatin resistance in tumour cells. To reveal the mechanism, we determined three structures of the Y-family DNA polymerase, Dpo4, in complex with Pt-GG DNA. The crystallographic snapshots show three stages of lesion bypass: the nucleotide insertions opposite the 3'G (first insertion) and 5'G (second insertion) of Pt-GG, and the primer extension beyond the lesion site. We observed a dynamic process, in which the lesion was converted from an open and angular conformation at the first insertion to a depressed and nearly parallel conformation at the subsequent reaction stages to fit into the active site of Dpo4. The DNA translocation-coupled conformational change may account for additional inhibition on the second insertion reaction. The structures illustrate that Pt-GG disturbs the replicating base pair in the active site, which reduces the catalytic efficiency and fidelity. The in vivo relevance of Dpo4-mediated Pt-GG bypass was addressed by a dpo-4 knockout strain of Sulfolobus solfataricus, which exhibits enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and proteomic alterations consistent with genomic stress.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Archaeal Proteins', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cell Survival', 'Cisplatin', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA Adducts', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Proteome', 'Sulfolobus solfataricus']
| 20,512,114
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.090'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.817'], ['B02.075.725.725.725.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Live cell microscopy of DNA damage response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Fluorescence microscopy of the DNA damage response in living cells stands out from many other DNA repair assays by its ability to monitor the response to individual DNA lesions in single cells. This is particularly true in yeast, where the frequency of spontaneous DNA lesions is relatively low compared to organisms with much larger genomes such as mammalian cells. Single cell analysis of individual DNA lesions allows specific events in the DNA damage response to be correlated with cell morphology, cell cycle phase, and other specific characteristics of a particular cell. Moreover, fluorescence live cell imaging allows for multiple cellular markers to be monitored over several hours. This chapter reviews useful fluorescent markers and genotoxic agents for studying the DNA damage response in living cells and provides protocols for live cell imaging, time-lapse microscopy, and for induction of site-specific DNA lesions.
|
['Cell Survival', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Genetic Markers', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Time Factors']
| 22,941,621
|
[['G04.346'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G05.728'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial distribution, risk assessment and influence factors of terrestrial gamma radiation dose in China.
|
The current spatial distribution of the risk of terrestrial gamma radiation in China were investigated by using spatial interpolation. And the driving factors influence on the terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) distribution were identified using the geographic detector, a new statistical method based on the nonlinear hypothesis. The results showed that the values of TGRD were range from 60 to 195 nGy h-1 with the average of 86.5 nGy h-1, and the higher values were recorded in Qingahi-Tibet Plateau, which were all within the range of background value in China. In addition, the radiological indices, ELCR (Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk), TGRD and AEDE (Annual Effective Dose Equivalent) were also within the acceptable range of values by risk assessment. The results by use of the geographic detector showed that sunshine duration, atmosphere pressure, altitude, and rainfall condition have closely related to the TGRD distribution. In addition, these meteorological factors and altitude had more impact on TGRD than the air pollution-related factors. Our study can provide useful information on studying the influence mechanism of the TGRD distribution, the variability of the natural terrestrial gamma radiation in China, and exposure data for risk assessment from low dose chronic exposures.
|
['Background Radiation', 'China', 'Gamma Rays', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Risk Assessment', 'Soil Pollutants, Radioactive', 'Tibet']
| 32,892,899
|
[['G01.750.750.115'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D20.693.756', 'D27.888.284.756.674'], ['Z01.252.474.164.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Effect of Intermittent Aeration on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency in Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland].
|
One-stage vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) were used to treat effluent from grit chamber in municipal wastewater treatment plant. The CW was divided into aerobic zone and anoxic zone by means of raising the effluent level and installing a perforated pipe. Two parameters (the ratio of aeration time and nonaeration time, aeration cycle) were optimized in the experiment to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency. The results suggested that the removal rates of COD and NH₄⁺-N increased while TN showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing ratio. When the ratio was 3:1, the C/N value in the anoxic zone was 4. 8. And the TN effluent concentration was 15.8 mg · L⁻? with the highest removal rate (62.1%), which was increased by 12.7% compared with continuous aeration. As the extension of the aeration cycle, the DO effluent concentration as well as the removal rates of COD and NH: -N declined gradually. The TN removal rate reached the maximum (65.5%) when the aeration cycle was 6h. However, the TN removal rate dropped rapidly when the cycle exceeded the hydraulic retention time in the anoxic zone.
|
['Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis', 'Denitrification', 'Nitrogen', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Wetlands']
| 27,337,890
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080.500', 'N06.850.780.375.349'], ['G02.111.587.250', 'G02.607.560.250', 'G16.500.768.249'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pelvic floor muscle function in continent and stress urinary incontinent women using dynamometric measurements.
|
AIMS: To compare the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function in continent and stress urinary incontinent women using dynamometric measurements.METHODS: Thirty continent women and 59 women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI), aged between 21 and 44 and parous, participated in the study. An instrumented speculum was used to assess the static parameters of the PFM: (1) passive force at 19 and 24 mm of vaginal aperture (antero-posterior diameter), (2) maximal strength in a self-paced effort at both apertures, (3) rate of force development and number of contractions during a protocol of rapidly repeated 15-sec contractions, and lastly (4) absolute endurance recorded over a 90-sec period during a sustained maximal contraction. The parameters described in the two latter conditions were assessed at the aperture of 19 mm. Analyses of covariance were used to control the confounding variables of age and parity when comparing the PFM function in the continent and incontinent women.RESULTS: The continent women demonstrated higher passive force at both openings and a higher absolute endurance as compared to the incontinent women (P < or = 0.01). In the protocol of rapidly repeated contractions, the rate of force development and number of contractions were both lower in the incontinent subjects (P < or = 0.01). The differences between the two groups for maximal strength at the 19- and 24-mm apertures did not reach the statistically significant level.CONCLUSIONS: The PFM function is impaired in incontinent women. The assessment of PFM should not be restricted to maximal strength. Other parameters that discriminate between continent and incontinent women need to be added to the PFM assessment in both clinical and research settings.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Pelvic Floor', 'Physical Endurance', 'Pressure', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress']
| 15,382,183
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A01.923.600.600', 'A02.633.567.050.750'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['G01.374.715'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Distal embolization and proximal stent-graft deployment: a dual approach to endovascular treatment of ruptured superior gluteal artery aneurysm.
|
Aneurysmal disease of the hypogastric branches is rare; it may be life-threatening, and the treatment is often challenging. Herein, we report the case of an 81-year-old man with arterial hypertension, obesity, renal insufficiency, and psychiatric disorders who was emergently admitted for a symptomatic ruptured aneurysm of a hypogastric arterial branch, as seen on magnetic resonance angiography. Endovascular treatment was performed by means of a dual approach: distal embolization with microspheres and Gianturco coils, followed by proximal complete exclusion via deployment of a stent-graft in the common iliac artery. The outcome was favorable, with complete exclusion of the aneurysm and normalization of renal function. Endovascular treatment with distal embolization and proximal stent-graft release can be safe and effective, and the technique can be used in emergency circumstances with good morphologic and clinical results.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Aneurysm, Ruptured', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Buttocks', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Radiography', 'Stents']
| 18,427,653
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.185'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['A01.378.610.100'], ['E04.292.413'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E07.695'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Experience of automation failures in training: effects on trust, automation bias, complacency and performance.
|
This work examined the effects of operators' exposure to various types of automation failures in training. Forty-five participants were trained for 3.5 h on a simulated process control environment. During training, participants either experienced a fully reliable, automatic fault repair facility (i.e. faults detected and correctly diagnosed), a misdiagnosis-prone one (i.e. faults detected but not correctly diagnosed) or a miss-prone one (i.e. faults not detected). One week after training, participants were tested for 3 h, experiencing two types of automation failures (misdiagnosis, miss). The results showed that automation bias was very high when operators trained on miss-prone automation encountered a failure of the diagnostic system. Operator errors resulting from automation bias were much higher when automation misdiagnosed a fault than when it missed one. Differences in trust levels that were instilled by the different training experiences disappeared during the testing session. Practitioner Summary: The experience of automation failures during training has some consequences. A greater potential for operator errors may be expected when an automatic system failed to diagnose a fault than when it failed to detect one.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Automation', 'Bias', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Man-Machine Systems', 'Trust', 'Young Adult']
| 26,374,396
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['J01.897.104'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.412.575', 'J01.293.556.441', 'J01.897.441'], ['F01.829.401.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PIPI: PTM-Invariant Peptide Identification Using Coding Method.
|
In computational proteomics, the identification of peptides with an unlimited number of post-translational modification (PTM) types is a challenging task. The computational cost associated with database search increases exponentially with respect to the number of modified amino acids and linearly with respect to the number of potential PTM types at each amino acid. The problem becomes intractable very quickly if we want to enumerate all possible PTM patterns. To address this issue, one group of methods named restricted tools (including Mascot, Comet, and MS-GF+) only allow a small number of PTM types in database search process. Alternatively, the other group of methods named unrestricted tools (including MS-Alignment, ProteinProspector, and MODa) avoids enumerating PTM patterns with an alignment-based approach to localizing and characterizing modified amino acids. However, because of the large search space and PTM localization issue, the sensitivity of these unrestricted tools is low. This paper proposes a novel method named PIPI to achieve PTM-invariant peptide identification. PIPI belongs to the category of unrestricted tools. It first codes peptide sequences into Boolean vectors and codes experimental spectra into real-valued vectors. For each coded spectrum, it then searches the coded sequence database to find the top scored peptide sequences as candidates. After that, PIPI uses dynamic programming to localize and characterize modified amino acids in each candidate. We used simulation experiments and real data experiments to evaluate the performance in comparison with restricted tools (i.e., Mascot, Comet, and MS-GF+) and unrestricted tools (i.e., Mascot with error tolerant search, MS-Alignment, ProteinProspector, and MODa). Comparison with restricted tools shows that PIPI has a close sensitivity and running speed. Comparison with unrestricted tools shows that PIPI has the highest sensitivity except for Mascot with error tolerant search and ProteinProspector. These two tools simplify the task by only considering up to one modified amino acid in each peptide, which results in a higher sensitivity but has difficulty in dealing with multiple modified amino acids. The simulation experiments also show that PIPI has the lowest false discovery proportion, the highest PTM characterization accuracy, and the shortest running time among the unrestricted tools.
|
['Algorithms', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Databases, Protein', 'Humans', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proteomics', 'Software']
| 27,748,123
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic osteosynthesis with angled flexible nails in recent fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia.
|
Dynamic osteosynthesis with curved flexible nails was introduced by Burghele for the treatment of recent fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia. Our experience in sixty patients has shown that this method of treatment produces better results than rigid AO osteosynthesis and also than osteosynthesis with rigid Kuntscher nails. It can be used in both uni- and multifocal fractures. The technique is simple and atraumatic and can be used in fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia to within 8 cm of the ankle joint.
|
['Bone Nails', 'Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary', 'Humans', 'Tibial Fractures']
| 7,152,883
|
[['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['E04.555.300.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immune recognition of Ornithodoros tick (Acari: Argasidae) salivary antigens by anti-Psoroptes cuniculi antibodies.
|
Rabbits infested with either Ornithodoros sp. ticks or Psoroptes cuniculi mites were assayed for anti-tick antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Titration of rabbit serum against Ornithodoros sp. salivary gland extract (SGE) demonstrated both mite- and tick-infested animals to have elevated anti-tick antibody titers. Western blot analysis demonstrated the anti-mite and anti-tick antisera to contain antibodies with affinities for both common and unique subsets of Ornithodoros SGE proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antigens', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cross Reactions', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Immune Sera', 'Mites', 'Rabbits', 'Salivary Glands', 'Ticks']
| 8,604,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D23.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of internal hexagonal index on removal torque and tensile removal force of different Morse taper connection abutments.
|
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The maintenance of the mechanical stability of implant-abutment connections is relevant to the clinical success of implant-supported restorations. However, the reduction in the conical area of abutments with an internal hexagonal index may result in a biomechanical disadvantage in Morse taper connections.PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of an internal hexagonal index on the removal torque and tensile removal force of different Morse taper connection abutments submitted to thermomechanical cycling.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty Morse taper implants with their respective abutments were divided into 4 groups (n=10): straight abutment without index (PRNI); straight abutment with index (PRI); angled abutment without index (PANI); and angled abutment with index (PAI). Each abutment received an insertion torque of 15 Ncm, and the removal torque was recorded before and after thermomechanical cycling (106 cycles, 2 Hz, load of 130 N). After cycling, the groups were submitted to tensile testing at 0.5 mm/min under a load of 500 N until displacement of the abutment. A paired t test was performed for the intragroup analysis of removal torque before and after cycling and 2-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was used for intergroup comparison (á=.05).RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in intragroup removal torque values before compared with after thermomechanical cycling (P<.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the experimental groups in the removal torque of the prosthetic screw after cycling. The index factor (P=.028) was significant for tensile removal force.CONCLUSIONS: The type of abutment did not significantly influence the removal torque or tensile removal force after cycling. However, the presence of the internal hexagonal index significantly reduced the force necessary to dislodge the abutment from the implant.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Implant-Abutment Design', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Device Removal', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Materials Testing', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength', 'Torque']
| 27,881,313
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E06.780.346.500', 'E07.695.190.175'], ['E06.780.346.625.500', 'E06.912.145.750'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.308'], ['E04.199'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.570'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850'], ['G01.374.860.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management of left atrial endocardium after extensive thrombectomy.
|
Thrombosis at the left atrium is a common phenomenon in patients with chronic mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. When thrombus organizes and evolves into chronic phase, clean thrombectomy can become a challenge during heart surgery because of dense adhesions and the lack of clean cleavage plane. Leaving residual thrombotic material or roughened endocardial surface after thrombectomy could be a potential source for further thrombosis and a nidus for thromboembolism. We recently managed such a patient successfully using extensive thrombectomy and endocardial coverage with a fresh autologous pericardial patch.
|
['Atrial Appendage', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Chronic Disease', 'Fibrosis', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Diseases', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Mitral Valve Stenosis', 'Pericardium', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Rheumatic Heart Disease', 'Thrombectomy', 'Thromboembolism', 'Thrombosis', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency']
| 15,620,901
|
[['A07.541.358.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C23.550.355'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C14.280'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['C14.280.484.517'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C08.381.742'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731.649', 'C14.280.874'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.800'], ['C14.280.484.856']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A computational study of the effect of intraglottal vortex-induced negative pressure on vocal fold vibration.
|
Recent studies reported the formation of intraglottal vortices for medium and high subglottal pressures in excised-larynx experiments, and hypothesized that the suction force created by these vortices might affect vocal fold vibration. However, high subglottal pressures often lead to large vocal fold elastic recoil forces, and it is unclear if the vortex-induced suction force is large enough compared with the elastic recoil force to have noticeable effects on vocal fold vibration. In this study, the validity of this hypothesis was examined using a computational model. The results suggest that intraglottal vortices might only have small effects on vocal fold vibration.
|
['Air Pressure', 'Computer Simulation', 'Elasticity', 'Glottis', 'Humans', 'Phonation', 'Vacuum', 'Vibration', 'Vocal Cords']
| 25,373,995
|
[['G16.500.750.274.100', 'N06.230.300.100.185.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.374.590'], ['A04.329.364'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.772.585'], ['G01.374.715.902', 'G16.500.750.274.902', 'N06.230.300.100.185.902'], ['G01.374.930'], ['A04.329.364.737']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Morell Mackenzie and Crown Prince Frederick: an unpublished manuscript from the Royal Society of Medicine Library.
|
The story of Morell Mackenzie and his involvement in the case of Crown Prince Frederick III (the future Emperor of Germany) is as well known as it is controversial. The consequences of the case were profound, both medically and politically. Most documents concerning the case are affected by varying degrees of bias, and as a result our understanding of the true events is incomplete. We present a brief summary of the case, and review an unpublished manuscript which adds to our understanding of the events. This manuscript is supportive of Mackenzie's early management of the Crown Prince's illness and acknowledges the importance of the case in medical history.
|
['Dysphonia', 'Famous Persons', 'Germany', 'History, 19th Century', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Manuscripts as Topic', 'Papilloma', 'Vocal Cords']
| 18,761,761
|
[['C08.360.940.325', 'C09.400.940.325', 'C10.597.975.325', 'C23.888.592.979.325'], ['K01.517.211.506', 'M01.228'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['L01.178.682.608'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['A04.329.364.737']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Quantitative risk assessment in relation to occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in the removal of old sealants from buildings.
|
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to assess exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) among workers involved in the removal of old sealants containing PCB and to evaluate the related long-term health risks by means of quantitative risk assessment.METHODS: Workers' exposure via different exposure routes was estimated from air and material samples and exposure calculations. The health risks were evaluated using unit risks and a reference dose based on animal tests and evaluations made by the Environmental Protection Agency in the United States.RESULTS: The estimated exposure of the workers was higher than that of the general population. It was about 10-fold higher than the reference dose and average dietary intake (both 0.02 microg/kg-day). The calculated point estimate of excess cancer risk was 4.6 x 10(-4) cancer cases per lifetime.CONCLUSIONS: The estimated excess cancer risk among workers was low, although the PCB exposure of these workers was higher than the dietary intake of the general population. This quantitative risk assessment method can be used to evaluate the health risk of groups of workers by occupational health professionals.
|
['Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Facility Design and Construction', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Neoplasms', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Reference Standards', 'Risk Assessment']
| 16,363,446
|
[['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['J01.086.339', 'N02.278.200'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.112'], ['C04'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
DNA-Assisted Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes and Comparison with Other Dispersing Agents.
|
Separation and sorting of pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from bundle geometry is a very challenging task due to the insoluble and nondispersive nature of CNTs in aqueous medium. Recently, many studies have been performed to address this problem using various organic and inorganic solutions, surfactant molecules, and biomolecules as dispersing agents. Recent experimental studies have reported the DNA to be highly efficient in dispersing CNTs from bundle geometry. However, there is no microscopic study and also quantitative estimation of the dispersion efficiency of the DNA. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we study the structure and stability of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) (6,5) complex. To quantify the dispersion efficiency of various DNA sequences, we perform potential of mean forces (PMF) calculation between two bare SWNTs as well ssDNA-wrapped CNTs for different base sequences. From the PMF calculation, we find the PMF between two bare (6,5) SWNTs to be approximately -29 kcal/mol. For the ssDNA-wrapped SWNTs, the PMF reduces significantly and becomes repulsive. In the presence of ssDNA of different polynucleotide bases (A, T, G, and C), we present a microscopic picture of the ssDNA-SWNT (6,5) complex and also a quantitative estimate of the interaction strength between nanotubes from PMF calculation. From PMF, we show the sequence of dispersion efficiency for four different nucleic bases to be T > A > C > G. We have also presented a comparison of the dispersion efficiencies of ssDNA, flavin mononucleotide surfactant, and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer by comparing their respective PMF values.
|
['DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 28,905,626
|
[['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the nasal cavity].
|
JXG is a benign lesion of unknown incidence. It is the most frequent type of non-langerhans histiocytosis with a median age of 2 years. It usually presents as isolated cutaneous lesions. Multiple lesions, especially over the head and neck, may occur. The skin lesions tend to regress slowly with time. Extra-cutaneous and visceral involvements have been observed, the most common site being the eye. When the lesions are numerous, they may persist, hence the need for treatment with corticosteroids or chemotherapy. Histologically, the lesion consists of histiocytes admixed with an inflammatory infiltrate of variable density. The lesions are initially monomorphic and very cellular, progressively enriched with multinucleated giant cells of Touton and foamy cells, followed by spindle cells. We report an 8-year old girl with JXG of early type without multinucleated and foamy cells. This case presented as a tumour in the inferior meatus of nasal cavity, clinically simulating a rhabdomyosarcoma. This atypical clinical and histological presentation with benign evolution should be recognized since it requires only local treatment.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nose Diseases', 'Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile']
| 21,055,524
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.531.449'], ['C08.460', 'C09.603'], ['C15.604.250.410.900', 'C17.800.973']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Anaesthetic management of brain-dead for organ donation: impact on delayed graft function after kidney transplantation].
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report current anaesthetic management brain-dead organ donors and to assess its impact on delayed kidney graft function (DGF).METHODS: To achieve this retrospective multicenter study, brain-dead patient records were analysed for the years 2005 to 2007. Expanded donor criteria, length of stay in ICU, duration of brain death, respect of recommended cold ischemia time, preoperative and intraoperative management, type of anaesthesia, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during organ retrieval, and impact of anaesthesia on DGF were analysed.RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine out of 165 files were available. Sixty-two percent of donors received anaesthetic drugs. There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the anaesthesia group (group A) and the no-anaesthesia group (group NA). In group NA, the mean arterial pressure (MAP)>65 mm Hg was more frequent (53% vs. 29%, P<0.01), but did not differ for maximal MAP. In group A, maximal heart rate was higher (120 vs. 105b/min, P=0.02) and donors received significantly more colloids (P<0.01). Independent risk factors of DGF included absence of hydroxyethyl starch infusion during the preoperative period and mechanical ventilation without PEEP.CONCLUSION: During organ retrieval, 62% of organ donors received anaesthetic drugs. Use of anaesthesia lead to lower MAP requiring more fluid challenge with colloids but did not influence the DGF.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain Death', 'Delayed Graft Function', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'France', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives', 'Ischemia', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Substitutes', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']
| 22,541,983
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C10.228.140.151', 'C10.597.606.358.800.200.100', 'C23.550.260.159'], ['C23.550.277'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.301.915.500', 'D09.698.365.855.500'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.954.502.140.500'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.898'], ['N02.421.911']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase from Caldariella acidophila. 1. Purification and partial characterization].
|
5'-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase has been isolated from C.acidophila, a thermophilic bacterium living in acid hot springs at temperatures ranging from 63 to 89 degrees C. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity in 32% yield. The enzyme shows a high degree of thermophilicity, its temperature optimum being 93 degrees C in the in vitro assay. The enzyme is exceptionally stable; no loss of activity was observable after exposure for 1 h at 100 degrees C. The optimum pH is about 7,2, with one-half of the maximal activity occurring at pH 6 and 9. The apparent Km for the substrates are: 8,3 x 10(-5) M for MTA and 4,3 x 10(-4) M for phosphate ions.
|
['Adenosine', 'Bacteria', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Kinetics', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase', 'Thionucleosides']
| 41,533
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B03'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.800'], ['D02.886.759', 'D13.570.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Toward Multiscale Modeling of Proteins and Bioagglomerates: An Orientation-Sensitive Diffusion Model for the Integration of Molecular Dynamics and the Discrete Element Method.
|
Most processes involved in biological and biotechnological systems spread over many scales in space and time. For example, the interaction of multiple enzymes in heterogeneous enzymatic agglomerates or clusters, necessary for efficient enzymatic conversion, is of high interest for research and enzyme engineering. In order to understand and predict their overall behavior and performance, it is important to describe these scales as completely as possible, known as multiscale modeling. While many different approaches have been presented in recent years, knowledge about protein formation and bioagglomeration at the micro scale is still very limited. In an attempt to address such systems, we propose a bottom- up multiscale modeling methodology, bridging the gaps between molecular dynamics (MD) with an explicit solvent and the larger scale discrete element method (DEM) using an implicit solvent and abstracting macromolecules (e.g., proteins) as objects with anisotropic properties. We term this approach the molecular discrete element method (MDEM). For this, we present an orientation-sensitive diffusion model for DEM, which describes the dynamics of anisotropic translational and rotational diffusion, while implicitly considering solvent molecules and enforcing a canonical ensemble. A general-purpose model and parametrization approach is presented, which can be used to simulate any process involving diffusion of discrete particles. Effects of temperature and viscosity changes can be considered, and guidance is provided concerning time step selection. This model is generally applicable and serves as a precondition to enforce the proper dynamics (i.e., diffusion characteristics and canonical ensemble, similar to a thermostat in MD) for the proposed multiscale modeling methodology with anisotropic properties. Thereby, it presents a first step toward modeling at the micro scale and is integral to enforcing dynamics of such systems and therefore extensively validated. As a next step, interaction models are to be defined and added to the presented model. In comparison to atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) MD, a speedup of 5-7 orders of magnitude can be achieved. The approach is demonstrated on multiple components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex, a multienzymatic machinery that involves very different types of enzymes and is of high value to further elucidate the mechanisms of bioagglomeration and metabolic channeling.
|
['Diffusion', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins', 'Rotation', 'Solvents']
| 30,550,276
|
[['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776'], ['G01.482.703'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes loaded with fraction of rice (Oryza sativa) bran extract.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of cationic niosomes (Tween61/cholesterol/CTAB) loaded with fraction No. 3 of Oryza sativa bran extract (OSF3) at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% (w/v), respectively, before and after ultra-centrifugation. More white milky translucent appearance of the niosomes was observed at the higher loaded amount of OSF3. The entrapment efficiency of 0.5% OSF3 in niosomes was 86.22 +/- 1.43%. The sizes of the niosomes were slightly increased (120-220 nm) and the zeta potential values were decreased from 80 to the range of 40-60 mV after loaded with OSF3. All niosomes both blank and loaded with OSF3 were in the uni-lamellar structures determined by FF-TEM and SAXS. The transitions temperature (T(c)) of niosomes significant increased from 75 to 80 degrees C when loaded with OSF3 at 0.1 and 0.5%. Moreover, blank niosomes showed the highest microviscosity with the most rigid membrane at 25 degrees C, followed by the niosomes loaded with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of OSF3, respectively. The fluorescence polarizations of all niosomal formulations indicated the sharp descending phases at about 40 and 70 degrees C. After ultra-centrifugation to eliminate the non-loaded negatively charged OSF3, the increased vesicular sizes and zeta potential values of the blank, loaded niosomes with 0.1 and 0.5% OSF3 were observed. All niosomal formulations gave the same transition temperatures at about 71 degrees C and the same microviscosities at 25 degrees C. The results from this study can be applied for the niosomal formulation development of the rice bran semi-purified fraction for anti-hair loss products.
|
['Cations', 'Hot Temperature', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Oryza', 'Particle Size', 'Plant Extracts', 'Scattering, Small Angle', 'Ultracentrifugation', 'Viscosity', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 23,035,474
|
[['D01.248.497.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G02.712'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.196.822.830', 'G01.867.755'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941'], ['G02.930'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rapid adaptation of phytoplankters to geothermal waters is achieved by single mutations: were extreme environments 'Noah's Arks' for photosynthesizers during the Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth'?
|
Geothermal waters often support remarkable communities of microalgae and cyanobacteria apparently living at the extreme limits of their tolerance. Little is known about the mechanisms allowing adaptation of mesophilic phytoplankters to such extreme conditions, but recent studies are challenging many preconceived notions about this. The aim of this study was to analyse mechanisms allowing adaptation of mesophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria to stressful geothermal waters. To distinguish between the pre-selective or post-selective origin of adaptation processes allowing the proliferation of mesophilic phytoplankters in geothermal waters, several Luria-Delbr?ck fluctuation analysis were performed with the microalga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides and the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, both isolated from nonextreme waters. Geothermal waters from seven places in Italy and five icebound places at Los Andes in Argentina were used as selective agents. Physiological adaptation was achieved in the least toxic waters. In contrast, rapid genetic adaptation was observed in waters ostensibly lethal for the experimental organisms. This adaptation was achieved as consequence of single mutations at one locus. It was hypothesized that a similar mechanism of rapid genetic adaptation could explain the survival of photosynthetic life during the Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth,' where geothermal refuges such as those studied could have been 'Noah's Arks' for microalgae and cyanobacteria.
|
['Adaptation, Biological', 'Chlorophyta', 'Ecosystem', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fresh Water', 'Hot Springs', 'Ice Cover', 'Microcystis', 'Mutation', 'Phytoplankton', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 18,803,596
|
[['G16.012'], ['B01.650.940.150'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G01.311.355.750.500', 'G16.500.275.260.500'], ['G01.311.400', 'G16.500.275.410.500', 'N06.230.291.500'], ['B03.280.500', 'B03.440.475.100.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B05.080.500.600'], ['G05.783'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia.
|
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia.METHODS: Square (15 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm) zirconia specimens (n=18) received one of the following surface treatments: Group 1, sandblasting; Group 2, Clearfil ceramic primer application; Group 3, grinding; Group 4, alloy primer application; and Group 5, RelyX ceramic primer application. The zirconia core specimens were layered with a veneering porcelain (5 mm x 3 mm x 3 mm). Mean shear bond strength values (MPa) were calculated. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc pairwise comparisons (á=0.05). Fractured surfaces of the specimens were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM).RESULTS: This study showed that bond strengths of the metal primer-treated zirconia specimens (Group 4) were significantly higher than those of the other paired groups. The application of metal primer affected the specimens' failure mode. SEM analysis demonstrated that Group 4 had mainly cohesive fractures, while the other groups showed approximately equal levels of adhesive and mixed fracture types. The mean and SD values for shear bond strengths ranged from 8.90 ± 3.42 MPa (Group 2) to 19.74 ± 4.96 MPa (Group 4).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the application of a metal primer to a zirconia core increased the bond strength of veneering ceramics. The use of chemical agents to improve the strength of the zirconia core's bond to veneering ceramic may have more benefits than the use of mechanical pretreatments.
|
['Ceramics', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Zirconium']
| 24,700,261
|
[['J01.637.153'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fix and forget or fix and report: a qualitative study of tensions at the front line of incident reporting.
|
INTRODUCTION: Practitioners frequently encounter safety problems that they themselves can resolve on the spot. We ask: when faced with such a problem, do practitioners fix it in the moment and forget about it, or do they fix it in the moment and report it? We consider factors underlying these two approaches.METHODS: We used a qualitative case study design employing in-depth interviews with 40 healthcare practitioners in a tertiary care hospital in Ontario, Canada. We conducted a thematic analysis, and compared the findings with the literature.RESULTS: 'Fixing and forgetting' was the main choice that most practitioners made in situations where they faced problems that they themselves could resolve. These situations included (A) handling near misses, which were seen as unworthy of reporting since they did not result in actual harm to the patient, (B) prioritising solving individual patients' safety problems, which were viewed as unique or one-time events and (C) encountering re-occurring safety problems, which were framed as inevitable, routine events. In only a few instances was 'fixing and reporting' mentioned as a way that the providers dealt with problems that they could resolve.CONCLUSIONS: We found that generally healthcare providers do not prioritise reporting if a safety problem is fixed. We argue that fixing and forgetting patient safety problems encountered may not serve patient safety as well as fixing and reporting. The latter approach aligns with recent calls for patient safety to be more preventive. We consider implications for practice.
|
['Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Medical Errors', 'Ontario', 'Patient Safety', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Risk Management', 'Safety Management', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 25,749,025
|
[['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['N02.421.450'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neonatal short bowel syndrome: population-based estimates of incidence and mortality rates.
|
BACKGROUND: Congenital or acquired neonatal short bowel syndrome (SBS) carries significant morbidity and mortality rates. No accurate population estimates of incidence and mortality exist because of differences in definition, follow-up, and regional referral patterns.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed involving 175 surgical neonates admitted to our institution from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 1999 and followed up until July 1, 2001. Institution and population-based estimates of incidence and mortality were performed using postcensal population figures (1997) from Statistics Canada.RESULTS: The overall incidence of SBS was 22.1 per 1,000 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (95% CI = 15.3, 28.9) and 24.5 per 100,000 live births (95% CI = 12.1, 36.9). The incidence was much greater in premature infants (less than 37 weeks). The SBS case fatality rate was 37.5% (95% CI = 22.5, 52.5) and the cause-specific and proportional mortality rates (for children less than 4 years old) were 2.0 of 100,000 population per year (0.4 to 3.6/100,000/year) and 1.4% (0.3% to 2.6%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with neonatal SBS pose a complex management challenge and are responsible for a significant cost to the health care system. To our knowledge, this study represents the first population-based estimates for neonatal SBS incidence and mortality rates. Accurate estimates will assist clinicians in counseling parents, allocating resources, and planning clinical trials.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Ontario', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Short Bowel Syndrome']
| 15,137,001
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C06.405.469.637.832', 'C23.550.767.882']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prediabetes in pregnancy, can early intervention improve outcomes? A feasibility study for a parallel randomised clinical trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: Measurement of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in early pregnancy is routine in New Zealand to identify women with diabetes and prediabetes. However, the benefit of early intervention in women with prediabetes is inconclusive. Our aim was to test the feasibility of a two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial of standard care versus early intervention in pregnancies complicated by prediabetes.SETTING: Two tertiary referral centres in New Zealand.PARTICIPANTS: Women <14 weeks' gestation and HbA1c ?5.9%-6.4% (41-46 mmol/mol) measured at booking, without pre-existing diabetes.INTERVENTIONS: Randomisation was done by remote web-based allocation into one of two groups. Women in the early intervention group attended an antenatal diabetes clinic, commenced daily home blood glucose monitoring, and medication was prescribed if lifestyle measures failed to maintain target blood glucose levels. Controls received lifestyle education, continued standard care with their midwife and/or obstetrician, and were asked to perform a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24 weeks' gestation with a referral to clinic if this test was positive. Both groups received lifestyle questionnaires at recruitment and in late pregnancy.OUTCOME MEASURES: Recruitment rate, adherence to protocol and validation of potential primary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment rates were lower than expected, especially in M?ori and Pacific women. Non-adherence to allocated treatment protocol was significant, 42% (95% CI 24% to 61%) in the early intervention group and 30% (95% CI 16% to 51%) in controls. Caesarean section and pre-eclampsia were signalled as potential primary outcomes, due to both the high observed incidence in the control group and ease of measurement.CONCLUSIONS: For a future definitive trial, extending the gestation of eligibility and stepped-wedge cluster randomisation may overcome the identified feasibility issues. Consistent with published observational data, pre-eclampsia and emergency caesarean section could be included as primary outcome measures, both of which have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and healthcare costs.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12615000904572; Pre-results.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring', 'Cesarean Section', 'Early Medical Intervention', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'New Zealand', 'Patient Compliance', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Prediabetic State', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,502,087
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.105', 'E01.370.374.100', 'E01.370.520.100', 'E02.900.950.500', 'E05.200.124.100.105'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['N02.421.726.363'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['C18.452.394.750.774', 'C19.246.774'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The Effectiveness of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Intervention in Persons with Arterial Hypertension and Obesity: A Key Role of the Patients' Personality Profile.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Benefits resulting from weight loss and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in the treatment of arterial hypertension led to a search for a better therapy that would include psychological factors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the personality traits included in the Big Five personality traits and the effectiveness of treatment for weight loss in patients with essential hypertension and excessive body weight.METHODS: The study involved 84 patients with essential hypertension, overweight or obesity, managed by a hypertensiologist. All patients underwent a 3-month diet treatment as part of the development process of an individualised eating plan that follows the principles of DASH diet and food education. Body mass index and DASH index were calculated before and after the therapy. NEO Five-Factor Inventory was applied to measure psychological variables.RESULTS: The intervention led to a statistically significant increase of DASH index measured before and after treatment. There was a significant correlation between the increase of DASH index and gender. Patients presented higher intensity of openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism and agreeableness compared to general population.CONCLUSION: The influence of psychological variables on the observed difference between men and women in DASH values and weight loss was not demonstrated.
|
['Aged', 'Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension', 'Essential Hypertension', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Personality', 'Weight Loss']
| 29,353,281
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.642.249.475', 'G07.203.650.240.325'], ['C14.907.489.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['F01.752'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Arabidopsis CYP85A2 catalyzes lactonization reactions in the biosynthesis of 2-deoxy-7-oxalactone brassinosteroids.
|
Brassinolide (BL), a plant 7-oxalactone-type steroid hormone, is one of the active brassinosteroids (BRs) that regulates plant growth and development. BL is biosynthesized from castasterone by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP85A2. We showed that a Pichia pastoris transformant that synchronously expresses Arabidopsis P450 reductase gene ATR1 and P450 gene CYP85A2 converts teasterone and typhasterol to 7-oxateasterone and 7-oxatyphasterol, respectively. Thus, CYP85A2 catalyzes the lactonization reactions of not only castasterone but also teasterone and typhasterol. The two 2-deoxy-7-oxalactone-type BRs were identified in Arabidopsis plants. Although the reversible conversion between 7-oxateasterone and 7-oxatyphasterol was observed in vivo, no conversion of 7-oxatyphasterol to BL was observed. The biological activity of 7-oxatyphasterol toward Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation was nearly the same as that of castasterone. These results suggest that a new BR biosynthetic pathway, a BR lactonization pathway, functions in Arabidopsis and plays an important role in regulating the concentration of active BRs, even though the metabolism of 7-oxatyphasterol to BL is still unknown.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Catalysis', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Lactones', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pichia', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Steroids', 'Transgenes']
| 18,685,225
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D02.540'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.300.107.795.700', 'B01.300.930.600'], ['D12.776.260.675', 'D12.776.624.664.700.188', 'D12.776.930.725'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D04.210.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in serum copper and zinc during treatment with anticancer drugs interfering with pyridoxal phosphate.
|
Hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine and procarbazine are anticancer drugs known to interfere with pyridoxal phosphate. This paper presents results on copper and zinc serum levels during the treatment with each of these drugs used as single agents. Six NZW rabbits weighing 2.7-4.5 kg were used in these experiments. Hexamethylmelamine and procarbazine were administered by gastric gavage and pentamethylmelamine by intravenous route at the daily doses of 100 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg/kg of body weight respectively for up to four days. Blood samples were collected in metal free tubes at fasting state before and during the treatment. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The pretreatment serum copper concentration significantly (p = 0.05) increased and conversely the serum zinc concentration significantly (p = 0.05) decreased during each drug treatment. Consequently the copper/zinc ration significantly increased from 0.32, 0.33 and 0.27 to 1.16, 0.63 and 1.13 for hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine and procarbazine respectively. These results indicate, that daily administration of three anticancer drugs interfering with pyridoxal phosphate causes changes in serum copper and zinc levels with inversed relationship between both changes.
|
['Altretamine', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Coenzymes', 'Copper', 'Male', 'Procarbazine', 'Pyridoxal Phosphate', 'Rabbits', 'Triazines', 'Zinc']
| 2,516,708
|
[['D03.383.931.135'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D08.211'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D02.065.277.727', 'D02.241.223.100.100.655', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.655'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.500.500', 'D08.211.740'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D03.383.931'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence with a revised lattice structure for activity recognition.
|
This paper explores a sensor fusion method applied within smart homes used for the purposes of monitoring human activities in addition to managing uncertainty in sensor-based readings. A three-layer lattice structure has been proposed, which can be used to combine the mass functions derived from sensors along with sensor context. The proposed model can be used to infer activities. Following evaluation of the proposed methodology it has been demonstrated that the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence can incorporate the uncertainty derived from the sensor errors and the sensor context and subsequently infer the activity using the proposed lattice structure. The results from this study show that this method can detect a toileting activity within a smart home environment with an accuracy of 88.2%.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Algorithms', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Toilet Facilities']
| 21,075,728
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['E01.370.520.500'], ['L01.399.750'], ['J03.962', 'N06.850.780.200.800.800.795', 'N06.850.860.510.490']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endothelial dysfunction and intima media thickness are selectively related to the different carbohydrate disturbances across the glucose continuum.
|
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of macrovascular complications across different carbohydrate disturbances. Patients and methods: In the study, we included 167 patients, divided them into three age and BMI matched groups - group 1 with obesity without carbohydrate disturbances (n = 66), group 2 with prediabetes (n = 68) and group 3 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 33). Endothelial function was evaluated using EndoPAT, intima media thickness (IMT) was measured on the common carotid artery and ankle-brachial index (ABI) was calculated. Results: The patients with T2D had significantly higher mean IMT than the other two groups. The best predictors of increased IMT were fasting blood glucose followed by age and SBP. ROC-analysis showed that blood glucose on 60 min of OGTT had a very good predictive value for endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions: Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes have increased IMT and a tendency towards higher ABI compared to normoglycemic and prediabetic subjects.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 29,882,429
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.850.150', 'E01.370.370.180', 'G09.330.210'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intentionally induced intestinal barrier dysfunction causes inflammation, affects metabolism, and reduces productivity in lactating Holstein cows.
|
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of intentionally reduced intestinal barrier function on productivity, metabolism, and inflammatory indices in otherwise healthy dairy cows. Fourteen lactating Holstein cows (parity 2.6 ± 0.3; 117 ± 18 d in milk) were enrolled in 2 experimental periods. Period 1 (5 d) served as the baseline for period 2 (7 d), during which cows received 1 of 2 i.v. treatments twice per day: sterile saline or a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI; 1.5 mg/kg of body weight). Gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce intestinal barrier function by inhibiting crypt cell differentiation into absorptive enterocytes. During period 2, control cows receiving sterile saline were pair-fed (PF) to the GSI-treated cows, and all cows were killed at the end of period 2. Administering GSI increased goblet cell area 218, 70, and 28% in jejunum, ileum, and colon, respectively. In the jejunum, GSI-treated cows had increased crypt depth and reduced villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, cell proliferation, and mucosal surface area. Plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein increased with time, and tended to be increased 42% in GSI-treated cows relative to PF controls on d 5 to 7. Circulating haptoglobin and serum amyloid A concentrations increased (585- and 4.4-fold, respectively) similarly in both treatments. Administering GSI progressively reduced dry matter intake (66%) and, by design, the pattern and magnitude of decreased nutrient intake was similar in PF controls. A similar progressive decrease (42%) in milk yield occurred in both treatments, but we observed no treatment effects on milk components. Cows treated with GSI tended to have increased plasma insulin (68%) and decreased circulating nonesterified fatty acids (29%) compared with PF cows. For both treatments, plasma glucose decreased with time while â-hydroxybutyrate progressively increased. Liver triglycerides increased 221% from period 1 to sacrifice in both treatments. No differences were detected in liver weight, liver moisture, or body weight change. Intentionally compromising intestinal barrier function caused inflammation, altered metabolism, and markedly reduced feed intake and milk yield. Further, we demonstrated that progressive feed reduction appeared to cause leaky gut and inflammation.
|
['3-Hydroxybutyric Acid', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Inflammation', 'Lactation', 'Milk']
| 28,342,610
|
[['D02.241.081.114.937.349', 'D02.241.511.429.349', 'D02.522.585.087', 'D10.251.400.143.781.500'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.251.310'], ['A03.556'], ['C23.550.470'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new experimental model for microanastomosis between vessels of different diameter.
|
A new model for microvascular anastomosis between vessels of different diameter is described in the aorto-iliac region of the rat. The model consists of reversing the distal end of one iliac artery toward the aorta to perform an end-to-end or end-to-side microanastomosis, with 2:1 diameter ratio. The technique and the advantages of this model are presented and discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Iliac Artery', 'Microsurgery', 'Models, Biological', 'Rats', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 4,058,299
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Circadian and Cardiac Intraocular Pressure Sensor for Smart Implantable Lens.
|
This paper presents a new system to measure the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) with very high accuracy (0.036 mbar) used for monitoring glaucoma. The system not only monitors the daily variation of the IOP (circadian IOP), but also allows to perform an spectral analysis of the pressure signal generated by the heartbeat (cardiac IOP). The system comprises a piezoresistive pressure sensor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to read out the sensor data and an external reader installed on customized glasses. The ASIC readout electronics combines chopping modulation with correlated double sampling (CDS) in order to eliminate both the amplifier offset and the chopper ripple at the sampling frequency. In addition, programmable current sources are used to compensate for the atmospheric pressure ( 800-1200 mbar ) and the circadian component (± 7 mbar) thus allowing to read out the very weak cardiac signals (± 1.6 mbar) with a maximum accuracy of 0.036 mbar.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Mobile Applications', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Remote Sensing Technology', 'Tonometry, Ocular']
| 26,800,549
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['L01.224.900.685'], ['E01.370.520.500'], ['E01.370.520.750.500', 'E05.925.500', 'L01.178.847.675.500'], ['E01.370.380.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic inhibition of NOS-2 ameliorates renal injury, as well as COX-2 and TGF-beta 1 overexpression in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic renal damage is associated with inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis and vascular lesion, coupled with increased expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). However, the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) is still controversial. Thus, we studied the contribution of NOS-2 to the expression levels of COX-2 and TGF-beta1, as well as the structural renal injury in rats with subtotal renal ablation (5/6 Nx).METHODS: Four groups of rats were studied: sham, 5/6 Nx, 5/6 Nx+aminoguanidine (AG) and 5/6 NX+L-NIL (L-N6-iminoethyl-lysine). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), proteinuria and creatinine (Cr) clearance were measured. NOS-2, COX-2 and TGF-beta1 gene expression was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase-chain reaction. Protein expression was evaluated by western blot and ELISA (TGF-beta1). Immunohistochemistry and morphometry were performed for NOS-2, microvascular thickening and fibrosis.RESULTS: Systemic hypertension and marked proteinuria, increased expression of NOS-2, COX-2 and TGF-beta1, thickening of arteriolar wall and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were produced in 5/6 Nx rats. Chronic inhibition of NOS-2 did not prevent arterial hypertension or the fall in Cr clearance, but partially reduced proteinuria. Nevertheless, AG and L-NIL preserved arteriolar morphology and the administration of both selective inhibitors of inducible NOS (AG and L-NIL) prevented NOS-2 overexpression.CONCLUSION: This study shows that NOS-2 was markedly enhanced in renal tissue of 5/6 Nx rats. Moreover, treatment with AG and L-NIL prevented the morpho-functional changes induced by subtotal renal ablation, despite persistence of systemic hypertension, suggesting that high concentrations of nitric oxide produced by NOS-2 could act as a positive modulator of the proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways involved in the progression of renal disease.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Nephrectomy', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Renal Artery', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 16,935,907
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['E04.426'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A07.015.114.745'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-TGF-beta treatment prevents skin and lung fibrosis in murine sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease: a model for human scleroderma.
|
Scleroderma, a debilitating acquired connective tissue disease, is characterized by fibrosis, particularly of the skin and lungs. Monocyte-produced TGF-beta1, a potent stimulus for collagen synthesis, is thought to drive the fibrosis. Here, we thoroughly characterize a murine sclerodermatous graft-vs-host disease (Scl GVHD) model for scleroderma that reproduces important features of scleroderma including skin thickening, lung fibrosis, and up-regulation of cutaneous collagen mRNA, which is preceded by monocyte infiltration and the up-regulation of cutaneous TGF-beta1 mRNA. Most importantly, we can prevent fibrosis in both the skin and lungs of mice with Scl GVHD by inhibiting TGF-beta with neutralizing Abs. The murine Scl GVHD model provides the unique opportunity to study basic immunologic mechanisms that drive fibrosing diseases and GVHD itself and will be useful for testing new therapies for these diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cell Movement', 'Collagen', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Immune Sera', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Macrophage-1 Antigen', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Skin', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Up-Regulation']
| 10,553,100
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.355'], ['C20.452'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.495.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C08.381.765'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['A17.815'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Smoking habit and bronchial reactivity in normal subjects. A population-based study.
|
The relationship between smoking habits and airway responsiveness has been studied in a cross-sectional sample of subjects in a small Lombardy (Italy) town. The subjects were between 15 and 64 yr of age; they were representative of the general population. There were 295 normal nonsmokers, 70 normal smokers, and 50 past smokers. All clinically asymptomatic and functionally normal subjects underwent methacholine challenge. The distribution of responsiveness to methacholine (as expressed by LnPD15FEV1) was found to be significantly different between these normal smokers and nonsmokers. A multinomial logistic regression model showed a statistically significant difference in the response to the challenge on the basis of pack-years. When the number of years of smoking and the daily number of cigarettes were separately considered, the current amount had the significant correlation with LnPD15FEV1. Bronchial reactivity for past smokers was found not to be different from that for normal nonsmokers. We conclude that smoking habits, especially current habits, affect bronchial reactivity even in the absence of airway obstruction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Methacholine Compounds', 'Middle Aged', 'Regression Analysis', 'Smoking']
| 2,665,586
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['C08.381.495'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['D02.092.877.883.555', 'D02.675.276.534'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
MR imaging of olfactory bulbs and tracts.
|
Olfactory bulbs are easily detected on coronal T1-weighted MR images. They are situated almost symmetrically opposite either side of the lower end of the olfactory sulci, and, on sagittal images, they are observed as thin soft-tissue bands immediately beneath the frontal lobe base. On axial images they are shown as oval, paramedian structures of intermediate intensity. Visualization of the olfactory tract, however, is not always possible. Our study reveals that, on axial images, detection of the olfactory bulb depends on technical factors; we recommend a 256 x 256 matrix, a 3-mm-thick slice, and less than a 0.6-mm gap. Despite the lack of complete visualization of olfactory bulbs and tracts, MR may be effective in demonstrating diseases of these entities.
|
['Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Olfactory Nerve']
| 2,505,540
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['A08.800.800.120.640']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Surgical correction of 34 patients with hypertelorism].
|
In 34 patients with hypertelorism aged on the average 12.6 years, 24 underwent intracranial surgery (combined intra- and extracranial approach), 2 (moderate) U-osteotomy (subcranial approach), and 8 (mild) canthoplasties. Improved results were obtained in the patients with various types of hypertelorism. The complications were reviewed. Of the 24 patients undergone intracranial surgery, one died, 4 had cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and 4 had keratitis. No seizure, cerebral edema, meningitis, blindness, and ptosis were observed in these patients. Average blood loss was 72% of blood volume. Average duration of surgery was 7.5 hours. The causes of hypertelorism such as craniofacial cleft, craniosynostosis, frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele, frontonasal fibrous dysplasia, and trauma were also discussed. Satisfactory appearance was seen in most of the patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Craniofacial Dysostosis', 'Craniotomy', 'Female', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Hypertelorism', 'Intracranial Pressure', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 1,473,404
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.116.099.370.231', 'C05.660.207.231', 'C16.131.621.207.231'], ['E04.525.190'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.099.370.231.480', 'C05.660.207.231.480', 'C16.131.621.207.231.480'], ['G11.561.170.505'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular determination of activated caspases (IDAC) by flow cytometry using a pancaspase inhibitor labeled with FITC.
|
BACKGROUND: Flow cytometry-based methods of simultaneous detection of multiple activated caspases in single cells are of diagnostic value and remain to be fully explored.METHODS: Genomic DNA fragmentation was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Whole cells were incubated with the cell-permeable pancaspase inhibitor, FITC-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoro-methyl-Rerone (FITC-VAD-FMK), and propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed for intracellular activated caspases and plasma membrane integrity, respectively, by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Two distinct populations of apoptotic cells were identified by flow cytometry: an early apoptotic population indicated by FITC-VAD-FMK binding and the late apoptotic cells characterized by FITC-VAD-FMK staining and permeability to PI. The binding of FITC-VAD-FMK to apoptotic cells was time dependent and concurred with DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with the pancaspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-methyl-fluoro-methyl-kerone (Z-VAD (OMe)-FMK), coordinately attenuated apoptosis induction and activation of caspases. The pancaspase inhibitor also competitively blocked the binding of FITC-VAD-FMK to early apoptotic cells in vitro. Significantly, the use of FITC-VAD-FMK permitted apoptosis determination in a number of cell lines including the caspase-3 gene-deleted MCF-7 responding to various apoptotic stimuli.CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis detection based on FITC-VAD-FMK binding is specific and easily performed by flow cytometry in a variety of cells. This novel technique has implications for detecting apoptosis in pathophysiologic conditions.
|
['Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase Inhibitors', 'Caspases', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Propidium']
| 14,608,638
|
[['D12.125.065'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.346'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D03.633.300.633.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The skin-tightening effects of 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser on human skin: an in vivo study.
|
BACKGROUND: The 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser was developed to improve the removal of fat cells and to affect the underlying dermis with the aim of skin tightening. We conducted this study to evaluate whether this laser is effective in tightening the skin and causing histological alterations to dermal collagen fibers, fibroblasts, mucopolysaccharides, and elastin.METHODS: In a 38-year-old patient who was scheduled to undergo elective abdominoplasty, we subdermally performed laser-assisted treatment with the 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser using different power settings over periods of 3 months and 1 month and prior to surgery. Postoperatively, we evaluated the skin-tightening effect through histopathologic examination.RESULTS: On histopathology examination, the thickness of the dermis had gradually increased following the 3-month treatment with laser irradiation. In the treatment groups on the abdomen, the collagen fibers were arranged in a more parallel pattern and became denser than those in the control group. Likewise, fibroblast proliferation and the levels of mucopolysaccharides and elastin were higher in the treatment groups than in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: The 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser was effective in promoting the remodeling of the dermis and the regeneration of collagen fibers. As such, the 1,444-nm Nd:YAG laser could be used for skin tightening in addition to its function in lipolysis.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
|
['Adult', 'Dermis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Skin']
| 24,788,857
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A17.815.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Burst-promoting activity (BPA) without erythropoietin (Ep) activity in sera of aplastic anemia patients fractionated by chromatofocusing column.
|
A chromatofocusing column was used to separate burst-promoting activity (BPA) and erythropoietin (Ep) activity in sera from patients with aplastic anemia and, interestingly a fraction containing a considerable level of BPA without Ep activity was found at around pH 5.0. Another fraction at lower pH contained both activities. This is the first report of the existence of a fraction with BPA but without Ep activity in sera from aplasia patients. In trying to measure BPA in sera and urine, a new assay procedure was used involving counting the number of erythroid bursts in normal human marrow cell cultures initiated with test samples to which 1-2 units of standard Ep were added 5-6 days later. Separation of BPA from Ep activity in patients sera was also attempted by Sephadex G-100 but this was unsuccessful due to the presence of inhibitors to burst formation. Also, in a urine separation, BPA and Ep activities were eluted in the same fraction. Sephadex G-100 chromatography gave results which seemed to indicate separation of BPA from Ep activity, however, this may have been due to the presence of inhibitor(s). This idea was supported by the fact that the peaks of both activities coincided when a urine preparation containing no inhibitors was tested.
|
['Anemia, Aplastic', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Culture Media', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Erythropoietin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Leukemia, Experimental', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pregnancy']
| 7,151,897
|
[['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.150', 'D12.776.395.240.150', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.150', 'D23.529.374.410.240.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['C04.557.337.372', 'C04.619.531', 'E05.598.500.496.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G02.494'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Value of transcatheter arterial embolization with coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate for long-term hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the value of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of splanchnic arterial branches to allow continuous application of repeat hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 128 patients with unresectable advanced liver cancer, percutaneous implantation of a port catheter system and TAE of splanchnic arteries with coils and/or n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were performed. Parameters included (a) methods selected for catheter placement; (b) embolic materials used (coils and/or NBCA, number of coils, administration rate of NBCA-iodized oil) for TAE of splanchnic arteries, details of embolized arteries, and frequency of recanalization; (c) ability to prevent gastrointestinal symptoms by avoiding inflow of anticancer drugs into extrahepatic adjacent organs and to maintain distribution of contrast agents in liver, as well as management of difficulties encountered; (d) complications related to catheter system implantation or to long-term HAIC and management of such complications; and (e) final success in performing scheduled HAIC while maintaining distribution over liver via a single route without gastrointestinal symptoms caused by inflow of anticancer drugs. Fisher exact test was used to compare recanalization rate between coil-embolized and NBCA- or NBCA-coil-embolized arteries, and frequency of heterogeneously poor distribution was compared between patients with single and those with multiple hepatic arteries.RESULTS: Embolization was successful during first catheterization in 326 arteries and during follow-up in 10. In 119 (93.0%) of 128 patients, repeat HAIC was effective until death or the time of this writing (observation period, 2-47 months). HAIC was continued in two patients, although anticancer drugs did not distribute to all liver tumors. Arteries once embolized with coils alone spontaneously recanalized at a significantly higher rate than those with NBCA (eight of 192 vs one of 144, P =.048). Rate of heterogeneously poor distribution was significantly higher in those with two or more hepatic arteries than in those with one (seven of 17 vs nine of 111, P =.001).CONCLUSION: TAE for various splanchnic organs is useful for efficient performance of long-term HAIC.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiography', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Enbucrilate', 'Female', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Long-Term Care', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Splanchnic Circulation']
| 14,739,309
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['D02.241.081.069.366.350', 'D02.626.290.350', 'D05.750.259.341', 'D25.720.259.341', 'D25.919.367.341', 'J01.637.051.720.259.341', 'J01.637.051.919.367.341'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.330.100.881']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child development.
|
On the basis of prospectively collected data from 7,525 pregnancies it was examined whether moderate but daily alcohol consumption during pregnancy has consequences for child development during the first 3 years. The women were taken into the study during the first trimester of pregnancy and were seen every 4 weeks. Some 4.7% (353) of the total stated that they drank moderate quantities of alcohol every day; 275 of the 353 pregnant women stopped drinking during the first trimester of pregnancy or for a time, but 78 did not change their drinking habits in general. About 75% of the children were followed up to their 3rd birthday with examinations at birth, 6 weeks, and 9, 18 and 36 months. It was found that in growth and psychomotor development the exposed children did not differ from the control group. The number of minor and major congenital anomalies was not increased. In general, moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy does not seem to have any markedly adverse influence on the later development of children. However, an upper limit for apparently safe alcohol consumption cannot be given.
|
['Age Factors', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders', 'Fetus', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy']
| 7,389,736
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C13.703.277.220', 'C16.300.070', 'C25.775.100.087.323'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lack of DNase I mRNA sequences in murine lenses.
|
Clarity of the mammalian lens is due in part to the complete lack of internal organelles, including nuclei, within the lens fiber cells that compose the bulk of the lens. Experimental evidence shows that as the differentiation of lens fiber cells progresses, nuclei and nuclear DNA are actively degraded. Prior characterization of chick lens development suggests that DNase I could be involved in lens DNA degredation. However, recent data suggest that DNase I is unlikely to be the nuclease responsible for DNA degredation in the differentiating lens. In this report, we find that in the murine lens, mRNA for DNase I is undetectable by northern blotting or PCR. We conclude that mRNA for DNase I is either not present or present in very low levels in murine lens. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that DNase I is not involved in lens DNA degredation.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Deoxyribonuclease I', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Mice', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 9,238,085
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.250'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A steered response power iterative method for high-accuracy acoustic source localization.
|
Source localization using the steered response power (SRP) usually requires a costly grid-search procedure. To address this issue, a modified SRP algorithm was recently introduced, providing improved robustness when using coarser spatial grids. In this letter, an iterative method based on the modified SRP is presented. A coarse spatial grid is initially evaluated with the modified SRP, selecting the point with the highest accumulated value. Then, its corresponding volume is iteratively decomposed by using a finer spatial grid. Experiments have shown that this method provides almost the same accuracy as the fine-grid search with a substantial reduction of functional evaluations.
|
['Acoustics', 'Algorithms', 'Motion', 'Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Sound', 'Sound Spectrography', 'Time Factors', 'Transducers']
| 24,116,399
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.482'], ['L01.224.680.700'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['G01.750.770.776'], ['E05.855'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E07.305.812']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Antipyretic and anti-nociceptive effects of methanol extract of leaves of Fimbristylis miliacea in mice model.
|
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae) is a grass like herb usually grows as a weed in rice fields and is mainly distributed in tropical or sub-tropical countries of south and south-east Asia, central America, northern Australia and west Africa. The plant has been traditionally used to treat fever as a form of poultice.AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to investigate antipyretic and anti-nociceptive effects of methanol extract of leaves of Fimbristylis miliacea in mice model.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antipyretic effect of Fimbristylis miliacea was examined using Baker's yeast induced hyperthermia test. Anti-nociceptive effect was investigated using acetic acid induced writhing test, formalin induced hind paw licking test and hot plate test.RESULTS: The extract at concentration of 400 mg/kg produced significant reduction in body temperature after 0.5 h of administration (4.12 °F, p ? 0.001) and continued to decrease (after 4 h, 5.92 °F, p ? 0.001). Extracts at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg decreased the temperature by about 2.77 °F (from 99.47 °F to 96.7 °F) and 5.58 °F (98.2 °F-92.62 °F) respectively after 4 h whereas paracetamol dropped by about 7.2 °F (p ? 0.001). The extract showed significant decrease in number of writhes at all concentrations. Highest effect was found at 200 mg/kg having 35.7 writhes (p ? 0.001), much lower than control (89.2); standard drug diclofenac showed 23.2 writhes. Percent inhibition of writhing were 54.26 and 73.99 for 200 mg/kg and diclofenac respectively. The result of hind paw licking test also corroborated writhing test. Significant reduction in percent inhibition of licking was observed mainly in late phase. Percent inhibition of licking were 93.77 and 51.55 for 400 mg/kg extract and diclofenac respectively. In hot plate test, extract at 400 mg/kg showed significant increase in latency from 10.77 s to 13.59 s (p ? 0.05). Extract at this dose after 2 h demonstrated greater percent maximal effect (43.26%) compared to ketorolac (40.19%).CONCLUSION: The experiment confirmed the traditional use of F. miliacea in the treatment of fever with possible anti-nociceptive effects.
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Antipyretics', 'Cyperaceae', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Formaldehyde', 'Male', 'Methanol', 'Mice', 'Pain', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Solvents']
| 31,306,693
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.068'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.312'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['D02.047.407'], ['D02.033.623'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Responsiveness of rat aorta and pulmonary artery to cGMP generators in the presence of thiol or heme oxidant.
|
This study investigated the effects of thiol and heme oxidants on responsiveness to cGMP generators in isolated rat aorta and pulmonary artery using an organ chamber. The nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation was impaired by exposure to the thiol oxidant diamide in both the aorta and the pulmonary artery, whereas the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-2272- or the sGC activator BAY 60-2770-induced relaxation was not affected. The impairment by diamide of SNP-induced aortic and pulmonary arterial relaxation was completely restored by post-treatment with the thiol reductant dithiothreitol. However, regardless of the vessel type, the relaxant response to SNP or BAY 41-2272 was impaired by exposure to the heme oxidant ODQ, whereas the response to BAY 60-2770 was enhanced. The ODQ-induced effects were reversed partially by post-treatment with the heme reductant dithionite. These findings indicate that thiol oxidation attenuates only the vascular responsiveness to NO donors and that heme oxidation attenuates the responsiveness to NO donors and sGC stimulators but augments that to sGC activators. Therefore, under oxidative stress, the order of usability of the vasodilators is suggested to be: NO donors < sGC stimulators < sGC activators.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Benzoates', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Diamide', 'Dithiothreitol', 'Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Nitroprusside', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyridines', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 31,036,520
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D02.172.300'], ['D02.033.800.196', 'D02.886.740.224', 'D09.853.196'], ['D02.455.526.510'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.505.519.656', 'D27.505.954.411.590'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D08.811.520.650.600.750', 'D12.644.360.350.500', 'D12.776.476.350.500'], ['D02.886.489'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identifying the interactions between natural, non-caloric sweeteners and the human sweet receptor by molecular docking.
|
Natural sweeteners, such as stevia and thaumatin, exert their sweet taste by specifically binding to sweet taste receptors. However, the molecular basis of their sweetening power remains to be ascertained. In the present study, we built a comparative model of the hT1R2 and hT1R3 subunits in order to characterize their interactions with natural, non-caloric sweeteners - from glycosylated terpenoids to sweet proteins - at the molecular level. The binding free energy between hT1R2-hT1R3 and sweeteners of different families shows a strong correlation with their sweetness intensity for both, small sweeteners (r = -0.89) and sweet proteins (r = -0.97). The correlation is further improved and generalized throughout all families of sweeteners evaluated, when EC50 values are used instead of relative intensities (r = -0.91). Altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of the sweetness perception of these sweeteners, and promote the use of docking for better prediction of resulting sweetness.
|
['Humans', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Plant Proteins', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Stevia', 'Sweetening Agents']
| 29,853,362
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.843'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measurement of free testosterone in normal women and women with androgen deficiency: comparison of methods.
|
Androgen deficiency in women is increasingly recognized as a new clinical syndrome and has raised our awareness of the importance of accurate and well-validated measurements of serum free testosterone (T) concentrations in women. Therefore, we compared serum free T levels measured by equilibrium dialysis to those measured by a direct RIA (analog method) and to those calculated from the law of mass action (requires the measurement of total T and SHBG). We also calculated the free androgen index, 100 x T/SHBG, as a simple index known to correlate with free T. Subjects were 147 women with variable androgen and estrogen statuses. All were studied three times in 1 month and included women 1) with regular menses (estrogen positive, T positive), 2) more than 50 yr old and not receiving estrogen (estrogen negative, T positive), 3) receiving estrogen (estrogen positive, T negative), and 4) with severe androgen deficiency secondary to hypopituitarism (estrogen negative, T negative). Calculated values for free T using the laws of mass action correlated well with those obtained from equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001). However, the agreement depended strongly on the specific assays used for total T and SHBG. In contrast, the direct RIA method had unacceptably high systematic bias and random variability and did not correlate as well with equilibrium dialysis values (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001). In addition, the lower limit of detection was higher for the direct RIA than for equilibrium dialysis or calculated free T. Free androgen index correlates well with free T by equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.93; P < 0.0001), but is a unitless number without reference to the physical reality of free T. We conclude that the mass action equation and equilibrium dialysis are the preferred methods for use in diagnosing androgen deficiency in women.
|
['Adult', 'Androgens', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Dialysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Testosterone']
| 14,764,757
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.800', 'D12.776.157.762', 'D12.776.377.715.182.800'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Automation of a clean-up procedure for determination of trichothecenes in cereals using a charcoal-alumina column.
|
Automation of the clean-up procedure for trichothecenes on a charcoal-alumina column is described. Standard high-performance liquid chromatographic equipment was used for the clean-up step. An acetonitrile-water (84 + 16, v/v) extract of the sample was cleaned up on a column packed with charcoal-alumina-Celite, which was washed with acetonitrile between each sample. The eluates were collected directly in reaction vials and evaporated to dryness. The residual water was removed azeotropically with benzene. The sample was derivatized with 1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole and analysed by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
|
['Aluminum Oxide', 'Charcoal', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Edible Grain', 'Food Contamination', 'Trichothecenes']
| 1,644,886
|
[['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['D02.455.849.765.850', 'D04.345.891', 'D23.946.587.933']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
For Debate: The Two Paths of Growth Hormone (Excess and Deficiency): Both Roads Uniquely Lead to Diabetes Mellitus.
|
Glucose dysregulation (GD), a feature of growth hormone excess, in the setting of acromegaly is well known by clinicians. However, less well known is that GD may be a feature of growth hormone deficiency. The fact that either ends of the spectrum of growth hormone (excess or deficiency) can be associated with diabetes mellitus is unique and clinicians should especially recognize that impaired glucose tolerance and even diabetes mellitus may develop in individuals predisposed to having growth hormone deficiency.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Glucose', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans']
| 32,780,951
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425.875', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protocol for work place adjusted intelligent physical exercise reducing musculoskeletal pain in shoulder and neck (VIMS): a cluster randomized controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Neck and shoulder complaints are common among employees in sedentary occupations characterized by intensive computer use. Specific strength training is a promising type of physical exercise for relieving neck and shoulder pain in office workers. However, the optimal combination of frequency and exercise duration, as well as the importance of exercise supervision, is unknown. The VIMS study investigates in a cluster randomized controlled design the effectiveness of different time wise combinations of specific strength training with identical accumulated volume, and the relevance of training supervision for safe and effective training.METHODS/DESIGN: A cluster randomized controlled trial of 20 weeks duration where employed office workers are randomized to 1 x 60 min, 3 x 20 min, 9 x 7 min per week of specific strength training with training supervision, to 3 x 20 min per week of specific strength training with a minimal amount of training supervision, or to a reference group without training. A questionnaire will be sent to 2000 employees in jobs characterized by intensive computer work. Employees with cardiovascular disease, trauma, hypertension, or serious chronic disease will be excluded. The main outcome measure is pain in the neck and shoulders at week 20.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01027390.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Denmark', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck Pain', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Physical Fitness', 'Resistance Training', 'Sedentary Behavior', 'Shoulder Pain', 'Teaching', 'User-Computer Interface', 'Workplace']
| 20,687,940
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612.553'], ['C24'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['F01.145.749', 'F01.829.458.705'], ['C05.550.091.700', 'C23.888.592.612.094.700', 'F02.830.816.444.350.500', 'G11.561.790.444.350.500'], ['I02.903'], ['L01.224.900.910'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regulated expression of the IL-31 receptor in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary fibroblasts, and pulmonary macrophages.
|
Interleukin-31 (IL-31), an IL-6 cytokine family member, is proposed to play a role in animal models of airway hyperreactivity. It is produced by activated T cells and signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL-31Ralpha and OSMRbeta. Only low levels of IL-31Ralpha expression have been demonstrated in pulmonary epithelial cell lines, however, and little is known about the ability to regulate its expression and signaling. Therefore, primary cultures of human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary fibroblasts, pulmonary macrophages, and established lines of immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) and alveolar carcinoma cells (A549) were analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and thymidine incorporation. Distinct, cell type-specific regulation of IL-31Ralpha expression was detected. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) enhanced IL-31Ralpha mRNA expression in primary cultures and established lines of epithelial cells, but not in macrophages. In contrast, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced IL-31Ralpha mRNA expression in macrophages. IL-31Ralpha protein expression was below detection threshold in primary epithelial cell cultures but was detectable in A549 cells and increased with TGF-beta treatment. In HBE and A549 cells, TGF-beta pretreatment increased IL-31-mediated Stat3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In A549 cells, TGF-beta magnified IL-31-dependent suppression of proliferation. The data suggest that increased IL-31Ralpha expression correlates with an enhanced response to IL-31.
|
['Bronchi', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'DNA', 'Dexamethasone', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 18,439,099
|
[['A04.411.125'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue ablation accelerated by peripheral scanning mode with high-intensity focused ultrasound: a study on isolated porcine liver perfusion.
|
The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of accelerated tissue ablation using a peripheral scanning mode with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and to explore the effect of flow rate on total energy consumption of the target tissues. Using a model of isolated porcine liver perfusion via the portal vein and hepatic artery, we conducted a scanning protocol along the periphery of the target tissues using linear-scanned HIFU to carefully adjust the varying focal depth, generator power, scanning velocity and line-by-line interval over the entire ablation range. Porcine livers were divided into four ablation groups: group 1, n = 12, with dual-vessel perfusion; group 2, n = 11, with portal vein perfusion alone; group 3, n = 10, with hepatic artery perfusion alone; and group 4, n = 11, control group with no-flow perfusion. The samples were cut open consecutively at a thickness of 3 mm, and the actual ablation ranges were calculated along the periphery of the target tissues after triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Total energy consumption was calculated as the sum of the energy requirements at various focal depths in each group. On the basis of the pre-supposed scanning protocol, the peripheral region of the target tissue formed a complete coagulation necrosis barrier in each group with varying dose combinations, and the volume of the peripheral necrotic area did not differ significantly among the four groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, total energy consumption in each group significantly decreased with the corresponding decrease in flow rate (p < 0.01). This study revealed that the complete peripheral necrosis barrier within the target tissues can defined using linear-scanned HIFU in an isolated porcine liver perfusion model. Additionally, the flow rate in the major hepatic vessels may play an important role in the use of the peripheral ablation mode, and this novel mode of ablation may enhance the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of the treatment of large tumors using HIFU ablation.
|
['Animals', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Hepatectomy', 'High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Perfusion', 'Swine', 'Ultrasonography']
| 23,711,500
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E04.210.556'], ['E02.565.280.945.399', 'E04.014.380'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Economic impact of malignant mesothelioma in Italy: an estimate of the public and social costs.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite their considerable interest for public health policies and for occupational disease management and assessment, the economic costs of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) for society have not been fully estimated or even frequently discussed.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of mesothelioma in Italy by assessing the overall societal cost of the disease, applying an econometric model.METHODS: We analyzed two main cost groups, public and social. The first includes expenditure borne by the State and other public bodies (medical care costs, insurance, tax and benefits), while the latter uses the human capital approach to measure the loss of productivity suffered by the economy as a whole.RESULTS: We provide an estimate of euro 33,000 per patient for medical care costs and euro 25,000 for insurance and compensation; tax and benefits seem to roughly compensate. We estimated a loss of more than euro 200,000 per patient, in terms of loss of production.CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a practical approach for estimating the economic impact of mesothelioma, and provides empirical evidence of the huge economic burden linked to this disease, with its high etiologic fraction.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cost of Illness', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma, Malignant', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Public Health']
| 29,086,761
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['C04.557.470.035.510.757', 'C04.557.470.660.510.757', 'C04.588.894.797.520.173', 'C04.588.894.797.640.350', 'C08.381.540.144', 'C08.785.520.124', 'C08.785.640.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Symptoms mimicking dementia in a 60-year-old woman with bipolar disorder: a case report.
|
BACKGROUND: Dementia is generally considered an irreversible process of cognitive decline that can be caused by different neurodegenerative diseases. However, in some cases, dementia is caused by a non-neurodegenerative disease, such as an affective disorder. In these cases, the dementia can be reversible. Nevertheless, cognitive symptoms due to an affective disorder are often difficult to distinguish from a depressed mood due to a neurodegenerative disease. Especially in elderly patients with a history of affective disorder, a potentially reversible cause can be missed.CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 60-year-old white woman with bipolar disorder, depressive symptoms, a movement disorder and severe cognitive impairment, in whom a neurodegenerative disease was seriously considered. She was referred to our clinic for further investigation because initial treatment of the depressive episode with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had not been successful. However, despite extensive evaluation, we could not find evidence for a neurodegenerative disease and the patient mostly recovered after discontinuation of different psychotropic medications and treatment with nortriptyline.CONCLUSIONS: Our case shows that improvement of severe cognitive impairment in individual cases is possible. In our opinion, this underlines the necessity of a careful re-evaluation of the patient's symptoms at presentation and the course of the disease as well as a critical review of the prescribed medications.
|
['Bipolar Disorder', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Dementia', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 24,951,023
|
[['F03.084.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Aza-peptides. II. X-ray structures of aza-alanine and aza-asparagine-containing peptides.
|
In order to determine the structural consequences of the N alpha/C alpha H exchange in aza-peptides, we have solved the crystal molecular structures of some derivatives containing the aza-analogue of asparagine [Z-AzAsn(Me)-NMe2 (1), Z-AzAsn(Me)-Pro-NHiPr (2) and Piv-Pro-AzAsn(Me)-NHiPr (5)], aspartic acid [Z-AzAsp(OEt)-Pro-NHiPr (3) and alanine (Boc-AzAla-Pro-NHiPr (4)], by using X-ray diffraction. They reveal that the alpha-nitrogen accommodates a pyramidal (1-4) or planar (5) structure depending on the sequence. When pyramidal, the alpha-nitrogen assumes the R (D-like) chirality. All of the derivatives but 1 adopt either a beta 1-folded (2-4) or beta n-folded (5) structure in which the (AzAsn)N3H bond is intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded to the alpha-nitrogen.
|
['Alanine', 'Asparagine', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Peptides', 'Protein Conformation', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 9,266,483
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.282'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early life stress delays hippocampal development and diminishes the adult stem cell pool in mice.
|
Early life stress predisposes to mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying these persistent effects are poorly understood. Stress throughout life impairs the structure and function of the hippocampus, a brain system undergoing considerable development in early life. The long-term behavioral consequences of early life stress may therefore be due in part to interference with hippocampal development, in particular with assembly of the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. We investigated how early life stress produces long-term alterations in DG structure by examining DG assembly and the generation of a stable adult stem cell pool in routine housing and after stress induced by the limited bedding/nesting paradigm in mice. We found that early life stress leads to a more immature, proliferative DG than would be expected for the animal's age immediately after stress exposure, suggesting that early life stress delays DG development. Adult animals exposed to early life stress exhibited a reduction in the number of DG stem cells, but unchanged neurogenesis suggesting a depletion of the stem cell pool with compensation in the birth and survival of adult-born neurons. These results suggest a developmental mechanism by which early life stress can induce long-term changes in hippocampal function by interfering with DG assembly and ultimately diminishing the adult stem cell pool.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurogenesis', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 30,858,462
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.872.653'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurons in the supplementary eye field of rhesus monkeys code visual targets and saccadic eye movements in an oculocentric coordinate system.
|
1. We investigated whether neurons in the supplementary eye field (SEF) of macaque monkeys code saccadic eye movements in oculocentric coordinates (relative to the current direction of fixation) or in craniocentric coordinates (relative to the head). Craniocentric coding in SEF had been previously suggested by the convergent appearance of electrically elicited saccades originating at different orbital positions. 2. We primarily studied SEF neurons that started responding before the beginning of saccades because such presaccadic activity is likely related to saccade generation and metrics. Using a memory-saccade task, we classified the presaccadic activity of each neuron as either purely visual related, purely movement related, or both visual and movement related. 3. We then mapped the response fields (receptive fields and movement fields) of SEF neurons from different orbital positions. When mapped relative to a central fixation point, the strongest responses for a given SEF neuron invariably occurred for a particular polar direction with fairly symmetrical declines for departures from that direction. When tested using other fixation point locations, their strongest responses almost always continued to occur for stimuli having the same polar direction relative to each fixation point tested, and thus they appeared to code both stimulus direction and saccade direction in an oculocentric coordinate system. 4. The effect of eye position on SEF presaccadic activity was quantified in two ways by computing, for each neuron, 1) an "intersection distance," the eccentricity of the point where extensions of the neuron's optimal polar directions measured at two eccentric orbital positions converged, and 2) an "orbital perturbation index" such that an index of 0 corresponded to no change in the neuron's optimal polar direction across different orbital positions (i.e., perfectly oculocentric response fields) and an index of 1 corresponded to optimal polar directions that converged to the same craniocentric goal regardless of initial eye position (i.e., perfectly craniocentric response fields). For neurons with both visual and movement responses, these measures were calculated separately for each type of activity using tasks that temporally separated the visual cue presentation and the saccade to it. 5. Almost all of the intersection distances were well beyond the oculomotor range (+/- 50 degrees) of the monkey (38/39 for movement activity and 62/66 for visual activity). The median intersection distance for visual activity was very large (274 degrees), and the median for movement activity was slightly divergent (beyond infinity). Thus SEF neurons rarely showed a conspicuous convergence of response field direction. 6. Likewise, the mean orbital perturbation indexes were very small (-0.04 +/- 0.21, mean +/- SD, for movement activity and 0.09 +/- 0.15 for visual activity), also indicating that SEF neurons code stimuli and saccades in an oculocentric manner. 7. For neurons with both visual and movement activities, the orbital perturbation indexes of the two activities were not significantly correlated (r = 0.16), even though their characteristic directions (optimal polar direction estimated from the center of the screen) were almost the same (circular correlation, r+ = 0.97). The lack of a significant correlation between the visual and movement activity orbital perturbation indexes is consistent with the hypothesis that most of the variation in this index represents statistically independent errors of measurement. Conversely, the strong covariation of visual and movement activity characteristic directions indicates that directional preference is a fundamental functional property of SEF presaccadic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Saccades', 'Visual Perception']
| 8,871,203
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G14.350.253'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.723.729'], ['G14.350.500'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Graded changes in enamel component volumes resulted from a short tooth bleaching procedure.
|
AIM: To test the hypothesis that changes in enamel component volumes (mineral, organic, and water volumes, and permeability) are graded from outer to inner enamel after a short bleaching procedure.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted unerupted human third molars had half of their crowns bleached (single bleaching session, 3 ? 15 min), and tooth shade changes in bleached parts were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. Ground sections were prepared, component volumes and permeability were quantified at histological points located at varying distances from the enamel surface (n=10 points/location), representing conditions before and after bleaching.RESULTS: Tooth shade changes were significant (p<0.001; 95% CI=-1/-8; power=99%), and most of the enamel layer was unaffected after bleaching, except at the outer layers. Multiple analysis of covariances revealed that most of the variance of the change in enamel composition after bleaching was explained by the combination of the set of types of component volume (in decreasing order of relevance: mineral loss, organic gain, water gain, and decrease in permeability) with the set of distances from the enamel surface (graded from the enamel surface inward) (canonical R(2)=0.97; p<0.0001; power>99%).CONCLUSIONS: Changes in enamel composition after a short bleaching procedure followed a gradient within component volumes (mineral loss>organic gain>water gain>decrease in permeability) and decreased from the enamel surface inward.
|
['Dental Enamel', 'Hardness', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Polarization', 'Minerals', 'Molar, Third', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Surface Properties', 'Tooth Bleaching', 'Tooth Bleaching Agents', 'Tooth Demineralization', 'Tooth Permeability']
| 26,852,001
|
[['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['G01.374.647'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.624', 'E05.595.624'], ['D01.578'], ['A14.549.167.860.525.500'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G02.860'], ['E06.420.750'], ['D27.720.642.315.500'], ['C07.793.720'], ['G10.549.845']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in breast cancer transcriptional profiles after treatment with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify changes in tumour expression profiling associated with short-term therapy of breast cancer patients with letrozole.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Microarray analysis was performed on RNA extracted from paired tumour core biopsies taken before and after 14 days of treatment with letrozole (2.5 mg/daily) in 58 patients. Changes in expression profile were identified by three different approaches on the basis of frequency of changes, magnitude of changes and significance analysis of microarray.RESULTS: No single gene was consistently changed by therapy in all cases. Fifty-two genes, however, were downregulated and 36 upregulated in at least 45 of the 58 cases. In terms of quantitative change, 46 genes showed at least a median 1.5-fold change in expression. Significance analysis of microarray identified 62 genes that were significantly changed by therapy (P<0.0001, 56 downregulated and six upregulated). All three approaches showed that greater numbers of genes were downregulated rather than upregulated. Merging data produced a total of 143 genes, which were subject to gene ontology and cluster analysis. The ontology of the 91 downregulated genes showed that they were functionally associated with cell cycle progression, particularly mitosis. In contrast, upregulated genes were associated with organ development, connective tissue extracellular matrix regulation and inflammatory response. Cluster analysis segregated the patients into four groups differing in patterns of gene expression.CONCLUSION: Genes have been identified which either change markedly or consistently in breast cancer after 14 days treatment with letrozole. These are new important data in understanding letrozole's molecular mechanism of action in breast cancers.
|
['Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Letrozole', 'Nitriles', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Triazoles']
| 17,885,619
|
[['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.626.300', 'D03.383.129.799.638'], ['D02.626'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anti-inflammatory activity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present work was to study the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of petroleum ether extract of fenugreek seeds.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fenugreek seed powder was extracted in petroleum ether by cold maceration. This fenugreek seed petroleum ether extract (FSPEE) was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and tested on rats against carrageenan and formaldehyde-induced paw edema, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Changes in serum glutamic oxaloacetic tansaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in liver and serum were also studied in cotton pellet-induced arthritic rats. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: GLC of FSPEE showed oleic (33.61%), linoleic (40.37%), and linolenic (12.51%) acids. With 0.5 mL/kg FSPEE treatment, there was 37% (P < 0.05) and 85% (P < 0.05) reduction in inflammation of the paw in carrageenan and formaldehyde-induced paw edema. In CFA-induced arthritis, a biphasic increase in paw volume followed by decrease was seen. There was 42.5% (P < 0.01) reduction in the weight of cotton pellets and significant (P < 0.01) reductions in the elevated SGPT and ALP activities in serum and liver of FSPEE (0.5 mL/kg) treated rats.CONCLUSION: Thus, petroleum ether extract of fenugreek seeds has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities which are due to the presence of linolenic and linoleic acids.
|
['Alkanes', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Edema', 'Female', 'Granuloma, Foreign-Body', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Seeds', 'Trigonella']
| 27,756,958
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['C23.888.277'], ['C23.550.382.437', 'C26.392.560.325'], ['A03.620'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ciliary body melanoma with optic nerve invasion.
|
A case of melanoma of the ciliary body is presented. Initially the patient was diagnosed and treated for uveitis, but following CT scanning and ultrasound a tumour was detected and the eye enucleated. Histopathologically it was found that the tumour had invaded the optic nerve head, apparently via Cloquet's canal.
|
['Adult', 'Ciliary Body', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Optic Nerve', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Uveal Neoplasms', 'Uveitis, Anterior']
| 2,310,725
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A09.371.060.160', 'A09.371.894.280'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855'], ['C11.941.879.780.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regulating Child Sex Robots: Restriction or Experimentation?
|
In July 2014, the roboticist Ronald Arkin suggested that child sex robots could be used to treat those with paedophilic predilections in the same way that methadone is used to treat heroin addicts. Taking this onboard, it would seem that there is reason to experiment with the regulation of this technology. But most people seem to disagree with this idea, with legal authorities in both the UK and US taking steps to outlaw such devices. In this article, I subject these different regulatory attitudes to critical scrutiny. In doing so, I make three main contributions to the debate. First, I present a framework for thinking about the regulatory options that we confront when dealing with child sex robots. Secondly, I argue that there is a prima facie case for restrictive regulation, but that this is contingent on whether Arkin's hypothesis has a reasonable prospect of being successfully tested. Thirdly, I argue that Arkin's hypothesis probably does not have a reasonable prospect of being successfully tested. Consequently, we should proceed with utmost caution when it comes to this technology.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Commerce', 'Ethical Analysis', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'Morals', 'Pedophilia', 'Play and Playthings', 'Robotics']
| 30,938,445
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.748.300', 'I01.198.240.856.350.250.255', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250.255'], ['J01.219'], ['K01.752.566.479.113', 'N05.350.244'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['F03.657.600'], ['I03.450.642.693'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Overexpression of a chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein OsHSP26 confers enhanced tolerance against oxidative and heat stresses in tall fescue.
|
Small heat shock proteins are involved in stress tolerance. We previously isolated and characterized a rice cDNA clone, Oshsp26, encoding a chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein that is expressed following oxidative or heat stress. In this study, we transferred this gene to tall fescue plants by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. The integration and expression of the transgene was confirmed by PCR, Southern, northern, and immunoblot analyzes. Compared to the control plants, the transgenic plants had significantly lower electrolyte leakage and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances when exposed to heat or methyl viologen. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) in the transgenic tall fescue plants was higher than that in the control plants during heat stress (42°C). These results suggest that the OsHSP26 protein plays an important role in the protection of PSII during heat and oxidative stress in vivo.
|
['Chloroplasts', 'Festuca', 'Gene Expression', 'Heat-Shock Proteins, Small', 'Hot Temperature', 'Oryza', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Photosynthesis', 'Photosystem II Protein Complex', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 21,984,008
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.427'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.580.216.270'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['D05.500.562.488.750', 'D08.811.600.710.750', 'D12.776.543.930.500.750', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.750'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fluorescent derivatives of AC-42 to probe bitopic orthosteric/allosteric binding mechanisms on muscarinic M1 receptors.
|
Two fluorescent derivatives of the M1 muscarinic selective agonist AC-42 were synthesized by coupling the lissamine rhodamine B fluorophore (in ortho and para positions) to AC42-NH(2). This precursor, prepared according to an original seven-step procedure, was included in the study together with the LRB fluorophore (alone or linked to an alkyl chain). All these compounds are antagonists, but examination of their ability to inhibit or modulate orthosteric [(3)H]NMS binding revealed that para-LRB-AC42 shared several properties with AC-42. Carefully designed experiments allowed para-LRB-AC42 to be used as a FRET tracer on EGFP-fused M1 receptors. Under equilibrium binding conditions, orthosteric ligands, AC-42, and the allosteric modulator gallamine behaved as competitors of para-LRB-AC42 binding whereas other allosteric compounds such as WIN 51,708 and N-desmethylclozapine were noncompetitive inhibitors. Finally, molecular modeling studies focused on putative orthosteric/allosteric bitopic poses for AC-42 and para-LRB-AC42 in a 3D model of the human M1 receptor.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'Calcium', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Probes', 'Piperidines', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptor, Muscarinic M1', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Rhodamines', 'Solubility', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,329,602
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D27.505.259.750', 'D27.720.470.530'], ['D03.383.621'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500.099'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['G02.805'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum C-reactive protein in dairy herds.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactation and health status. Blood samples were collected every 2 wk for 12 mo from 29 randomly selected dairy cattle on 3 farms. At the time the blood samples were collected, the stage of pregnancy, lactation status, breeding records, general health condition, reproductive status, and body condition score were recorded for each cow. Serum CRP was detected with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblotting. C-reactive protein levels were measured with a densitometer and expressed as an optimal dose value. C-reactive protein levels were correlated with the body condition score, lactation status, and animal health (P < 0.05), but not with ambient temperature, animal age, or parity. C-reactive protein levels increased with milk production, peaking during high lactation (2 to 4 mo of pregnancy), and decreased when lactation ceased. In addition, the CRP level was highest during naturally occurring infections, such as mastitis and other tissue inflammation. Thus, the CRP level can confirm the presence of inflammation. The stress effect of taking blood samples as measured by the CRP level, was also examined. The CRP level became rapidly elevated 12 h after the blood samples were taken but returned to normal 36 h later. In conclusion, the stresses resulting from overall poor health, heavy lactation, and blood sampling caused the elevation of serum CRP. C-reactive protein is a marker or tool for evaluating the health status of a herd. C-reactive protein should also be considered as a useful criteria to assess the stress levels and may be useful in early surveillance of disease conditions in a dairy herd.
|
['Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Blotting, Western', 'Body Constitution', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Lactation', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Pregnancy', 'Seasons']
| 12,760,474
|
[['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Social and nonsocial content differentially modulates visual attention and autonomic arousal in Rhesus macaques.
|
The sophisticated analysis of gestures and vocalizations, including assessment of their emotional valence, helps group-living primates efficiently navigate their social environment. Deficits in social information processing and emotion regulation are important components of many human psychiatric illnesses, such as autism, schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder. Analyzing the neurobiology of social information processing and emotion regulation requires a multidisciplinary approach that benefits from comparative studies of humans and animal models. However, many questions remain regarding the relationship between visual attention and arousal while processing social stimuli. Using noninvasive infrared eye-tracking methods, we measured the visual social attention and physiological arousal (pupil diameter) of adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as they watched social and nonsocial videos. We found that social videos, as compared to nonsocial videos, captured more visual attention, especially if the social signals depicted in the videos were directed towards the subject. Subject-directed social cues and nonsocial nature documentary footage, compared to videos showing conspecifics engaging in naturalistic social interactions, generated larger pupil diameters (indicating heightened sympathetic arousal). These findings indicate that rhesus monkeys will actively engage in watching videos of various kinds. Moreover, infrared eye tracking technology provides a mechanism for sensitively gauging the social interest of presented stimuli. Adult male rhesus monkeys' visual attention and physiological arousal do not always trend in the same direction, and are likely influenced by the content and novelty of a particular visual stimulus. This experiment creates a strong foundation for future experiments that will examine the neural network responsible for social information processing in nonhuman primates. Such studies may provide valuable information relevant to interpreting the neural deficits underlying human psychiatric illnesses such as autism, schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder.
|
['Animals', 'Attention', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Social Environment']
| 22,046,313
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['A08.800.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['E05.723.729'], ['I01.880.853.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psoriasin has divergent effects on the innate immune responses of murine glial cells.
|
Antimicrobial peptides are an important part of the innate immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). The expression of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7) is up-regulated during bacterial meningitis. However, the exact mechanisms induced by psoriasin to modulate glial cell activity are not yet fully understood. Our hypothesis is that psoriasin induced pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways as well as regenerative factors to contribute in total to a balanced immune response. Therefore, we used psoriasin-stimulated glial cells and analyzed the translocation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFêB) in murine glial cells and the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators by real time RT-PCR, ELISA technique, and western blotting. Furthermore, the relationship between psoriasin and the antioxidative stress transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was investigated. Stimulation with psoriasin not only enhanced NFêB translocation and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF- á) but also neurotrophin expression. Evidence for functional interactions between psoriasin and Nrf2 were detected in the form of increased antioxidant response element (ARE) activity and induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in psoriasin-treated microglia and astrocytes. The results illustrate the ability of psoriasin to induce immunological functions in glia cells where psoriasin exerts divergent effects on the innate immune response.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neuroglia', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7', 'S100 Proteins']
| 28,112,393
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D23.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.563'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hour-to-hour variability of oxygen saturation in sleep apnea.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Methods used to express the severity of oxygen desaturation during polysomnography include the average oxygen saturation (AO2), lowest oxygen saturation (LO2), and the percent of the total time with oxygen saturation level lower than 90% (T<90%). We wanted to determine which one of these methods is least variable during different hours of monitoring.DESIGN: Prospective, observational study.SETTING: Sleep center at a medical university.PATIENTS: One hundred fifty patients with apnea-hypopnea index from 5 to 130.MEASUREMENTS: AO2, LO2, and T<90% were calculated during each of the 8 h of polysomnography. Data for each hour were compared and the Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated.RESULTS: There was a high degree of correlation among the three methods as well as between each method and the severity of sleep apnea. The mean+/-SD values for each method were as follows: AO2, 92.7+/-5.6; LO2, 68.5+/-19.3; and T<90%, 15.7+/-24.2. The alpha coefficients for these methods were AO2, 0.98; LO2, 0.88; and T<90%, 0.98. In all methods, the data of the first hour were significantly different from the data of the subsequent hours.CONCLUSION: Both AO2 and T<90% methods show less hour to hour variability compared with LO2, and there is more variability in the first hour. Since the AO2 values >90% may not convey the severity of O2 desaturation, T<90% may be the best method of expressing oxygen saturation changes during polysomnography.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Polysomnography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes']
| 9,515,849
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.