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Expression of a developmentally regulated epitope on fibronectins from the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic disease.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine if differential glycosylation of fibronectin (Fn) in inflammatory synovial fluid (SF) included expression of an oncofetal epitope (Onf Fn) heretofore detected only on Fn derived from embryonal or neoplastic tissue.METHODS: Fn were purified from plasma, SF and synoviocyte conditioned medium by affinity chromatography and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting utilizing a monoclonal antibody (FDC-6) specifically recognizing the Onf Fn.RESULTS: The Onf Fn was not expressed on Fn isolated from normal or RA plasma but was strongly expressed on Fn from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) SF and to a lesser extent osteoarthritis SF. Onf Fn was also detected on Fn secreted by cultured RA synoviocytes.CONCLUSION: Fn present in the SF but not plasma of patients with rheumatic disease contains an epitope previously thought to be restricted to Fn produced by embryonal or malignant tissue.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Autoradiography', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Densitometry', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Epitopes', 'Fibronectins', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Rheumatic Diseases', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Thermolysin']
| 7,530,772
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['E05.196.712.224'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C05.799', 'C17.300.775'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.827', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.827']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Effects of norgestimate (0.250 mg) in combination with ethinyl estradiol (0.035 mg) on cervical mucus.
|
The antifertility effect of norgestimate (Ng), 0.250 mg, in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE), 0.035 mg, on cervical mucus was investigated. The study was conducted over two consecutive cycles: a control cycle followed by a study cycle during which medication was given. Basal body temperature, cervical mucus and karyopyknotic index of vaginal cells were evaluated during both cycles. Disappearance of cyclicity of these parameters in the study cycle as well as monophasic basal body temperature were suggestive of inhibition of ovulation caused by the combination pill. Deterioration of sperm penetration may be reflective of anovulation and a direct antifertility effect of Ng on cervical mucus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cervix Mucus', 'Contraceptives, Oral, Combined', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Norgestrel']
| 3,776,738
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A12.200.503.339'], ['D26.310.360', 'D27.505.696.875.360.276.210.100', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210.100'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.762']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Marriage is not a safe place: heterosexual marriage and HIV-related vulnerability in Indonesia.
|
This paper examines the link between heterosexual marriage and women's vulnerability to HIV in Indonesia. In this country, gender relations are currently dominated by traditional beliefs and practices and by religious morality. Data for the current study were collected by means of documentary analysis and archival research as well as by means of expert informant interviews. Findings suggest that traditional practices such as polygamy, early marriage and contract marriage (mut'a) play an important role in enhancing women's likelihood of acquiring HIV within the Indonesian context.
|
['Cultural Characteristics', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Heterosexuality', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Personal Autonomy', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Environment', 'Vulnerable Populations', "Women's Health", "Women's Rights"]
| 18,038,283
|
[['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.400', 'G08.686.867.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['F02.600', 'I01.880.604.473.380.500', 'K01.752.566.479.830.650', 'N03.706.437.380.500', 'N05.350.958.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['M01.965'], ['N01.400.900'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
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Meeting patients' education and decision-making needs for first trimester prenatal aneuploidy screening.
|
OBJECTIVE: First trimester aneuploidy screening introduces unique challenges to patient education and informed decision-making. Our study assessed the decision-making process among those pregnant patients presenting for this new form of aneuploidy screening.METHOD: A survey instrument was used to assess components of decision-making among women who presented for first trimester aneuploidy screening. Knowledge and leading factors in the decision-making process were measured.RESULTS: Participants (n = 139) demonstrated understanding of the etiology of Down syndrome, but less understanding of its cognitive (65.2%) and physical manifestations (58.7%). Few were able to determine risk from first trimester screen results (36.7%). Participants were more familiar with amniocentesis (84.2%) than chorionic villus sampling (73.4%), though less familiar with procedural risks (29.5% and 28.1%, respectively). The majority of participants ranked the following as key information in their decision: knowledge of their intentions about the outcome of the pregnancy based on the test results (92.4%), knowledge of chorionic villus sampling to evaluate an abnormal result (92.0%), and values and beliefs about termination (89.1%).CONCLUSION: First trimester aneuploidy screening generates education and decision-making benchmarks for patients and providers. It is important to address these barriers as this new screen becomes a growing part of current prenatal genetic testing offerings.
|
['Abortion, Legal', 'Adult', 'Aneuploidy', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Decision Making', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Genetic Testing', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Risk', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,024,939
|
[['E04.520.050.055'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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[In honor of the centennial anniversary of the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen].
|
The subject of this report is the life of W. C. Roentgen, the history of the discovery of X-rays and their role in contemporary science. Roentgen's life was entirely filled with creative scientific work. The centennial year of the discovery of X-ray, 1995, will be an opportunity for radiologists and other members of the medical community to tell public about the accomplishments of medical radiation science during 100 years of amazing progress. The radiologists all over the world are obliged to pay the tribute to the great German scientist whose discovery become the property of the whole mankind. The author, as a specialist in radiology, has tried to draw a comprehensive picture of the achievements of medicinal radiology over the last 100 years.
|
['Germany', 'History, 19th Century', 'Nobel Prize', 'Physics', 'Radiology', 'X-Rays']
| 9,304,378
|
[['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.150.567'], ['H01.671'], ['H02.403.740'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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[A triple operation of perforating corneal transplantation, cataract extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens].
|
The triple operation was performed in 7 patients (4 men and 3 women). The age of the patients was 18-56 years, the period of hospitalization 3 to 5 days. The surgery was performed in a light intravenous anaesthesia (NLA) or topical anaesthesia. The diameter of the graft oscillated between 7.25 and 9.0 mm. In all the cases after an extracapsular cataract extraction (or removal of remnants) the lens was implanted in the capsule. The graft was sutured by means of 20 single stitches (10.0 nylon) or applying a continuous suture (11.0 nylon). From the complications one observed breaking of a stitch, vascular ingrowth from the periphery and glaucoma. In the postoperative period--from 9 months to 3 years the visual acuity of the patients improved up to 0.4-0.7 in 4 cases and up to 0.8-1.0 in the remaining 3 cases.
|
['Adult', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Corneal Transplantation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Acuity']
| 1,341,310
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['E02.095.147.725.225', 'E04.540.825.374', 'E04.936.580.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Prevalence and factors associated with social avoidance of recovered SARS patients in the Hong Kong general population.
|
The study investigated the general population's perceived infectivity of asymptomatic and recovered severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients and factors associated with avoidance and discriminatory attitudes, including demographic background, SARS-related perceptions and emotional response to the SARS epidemic. A population-based survey was conducted in Hong Kong during 3 December 2003 through 4 January 2004; 475 Hong Kong Chinese adults participated in the survey. Perceptions of the infectivity and health conditions of recovered SARS patients and avoidance and discrimination towards them were measured. Of the respondents, 75.7% and 16.2%, respectively, believed that SARS could be transmitted via asymptomatic SARS patients and those patients who have recovered from SARS for 18 months; 72.7% of the respondents believed that the health of SARS patients would severely and permanently be damaged; 16.6% showed some tendency of avoiding recovered SARS patients and 35.7% expressed some sort of job-related discriminatory attitudes. Perceived infectivity of asymptomatic and recovered SARS patients, health sequelae and emotional distress from SARS were independently associated with avoidance and discriminatory attitudes. The study showed that misconceptions about the infectivity of asymptomatic and recovered SARS patients were common. Recovered SARS patients may also be facing avoidance and discrimination.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prejudice', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome', 'Social Isolation']
| 16,880,214
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.748.730', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.750', 'C08.730.730'], ['F01.145.813.781', 'I01.880.853.748']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Polymorphisms in ACE and ACTN3 Genes and Blood Pressure Response to Acute Exercise in Elite Male Athletes from Serbia.
|
Physiological adaptations to various types of prolonged and intensive physical activity, as seen in elite athletes from different sports, include changes in blood pressure (BP) response to acute exercise. Also, functional polymorphisms of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) and alfa-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are shown to be associated with BP parameters changes, both in athletes and sedentary population. In this study, an Alu insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in ACE gene, as well as nonsense mutation in the gene encoding ACTN3 have been scored in 107 elite Serbian athletes classified according to their sporting discipline to power/sprint (short distance runners/swimmers), endurance (rowers, footballers, middle-distance swimmers) or mixed sports (water polo, handball, volleyball players). Presence of nonfunctional allele in ACTN3 is associated with significantly increased maximal systolic BP (SBPmax, p = 0.04). Athletes with Alu insertion in ACE had significantly (p = 0.006) larger decline of systolic BP after 3 minutes of recovery (SBPR3), calculated as the percentage of maximal SBP response during exercise stress testing. Concomitant presence of non-functional variant in ACTN3 gene decreased this beneficiary effect of ACE mutation on SBPR3. Long term enrollment in power/sprint sports significantly increased resting diastolic BP (DBPrest: 74 mmHg) and SBPmax (197 mmHg) and improved SBPR3 (74.8%) compared to enrolment in endurance (72 mmHg; 178 mmHg; 81.1%) and mixed sports (69 mmHg; 185 mmHg; 80.0%). Lack of the effect of genotype by sport interaction on BP parameters suggests that the long-term effects of different disciplines on BP are not mediated by these two genes.
|
['Actinin', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Anthropometry', 'Athletes', 'Blood Pressure', 'Exercise', 'Gene Frequency', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Serbia']
| 29,269,700
|
[['D05.750.078.730.248', 'D12.776.210.500.095', 'D12.776.220.525.250'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.072'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['Z01.542.248.786']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Twenty-four hour profiles of plasma C-peptide in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children.
|
Twenty-four hour profiles of plasma C-peptide, an index of endogenous insulin secretion, were performed in 15 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children. Plasma C-peptide was detectable in six children, of whom four ('C-peptide producers') had peak values above normal fasting levels. In each of the six children with residual B cell function, there was a close correlation between plasma C-peptide and simultaneous blood glucose (r greater than 0.50, p less than 0.05). Post-breakfast peak blood glucose was 10.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) in the 'C-peptide producers' and 18.7 +/- 1.7 mmol/l in the 11 children with low or no detectable C-peptide. Mean M-value, an index of deviation from an ideal blood glucose, was lower in the 'C-peptide producers' (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that residual functioning B cells in diabetic children behave physiologically in that insulin secretion fluctuates in accordance with the prevailing blood glucose; and that the pattern of action of injected insulin is more critical in non-C peptide producers who lack the post-prandial dampening effect provided by residual endogenous insulin secretion.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Glucose', 'C-Peptide', 'Child', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Peptides']
| 7,047,271
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.250', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Dopamine â-Hydroxylase Deficiency.
|
Context: Dopamine â-hydroxylase (DBH) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by failure to convert dopamine to norepinephrine. DBH-deficient patients lack sympathetic adrenergic function and are therefore predisposed to orthostatic hypotension. DBH-deficient mice exhibit hyperinsulinemia, lower plasma glucose levels, and insulin resistance due to loss of tonic sympathetic inhibition of insulin secretion. The impact of DBH deficiency on glucose homeostasis in humans is unknown.Case Description: We describe the metabolic profile of an adolescent female DBH-deficient patient. The patient underwent genetic testing, cardiovascular autonomic function testing, and evaluation of insulin secretion and sensitivity with hyperglycemic clamp under treatment-naive conditions. All procedures were repeated after 1 year of treatment with the norepinephrine prodrug droxidopa (300 mg, 3 times a day). Genetic testing showed a homozygous mutation in the DBH gene (rs74853476). Under treatment-naive conditions, she had undetectable plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, resulting in sympathetic noradrenergic failure and orthostatic hypotension (-32 mm Hg supine to seated). She had high adiposity (41%) and fasting plasma insulin levels (25 ìU/mL), with normal glucose (91 mg/dL). Hyperglycemic clamp revealed increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Droxidopa restored plasma norepinephrine and improved orthostatic tolerance, with modest effects on glucose homeostasis.Conclusions: We provide evidence for impairment in cardiovascular autonomic regulation, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in a DBH-deficient patient. These metabolic derangements were not corrected by chronic droxidopa treatment. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology and treatment of DBH deficiency and into the importance of catecholaminergic mechanisms to resting metabolism.
|
['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Autonomic Nervous System Diseases', 'Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase', 'Droxidopa', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Mice', 'Norepinephrine', 'Prognosis']
| 27,778,639
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.177'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.292'], ['D02.092.311.830.220', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830.220', 'D12.125.154.800.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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[Lactobacillus rhamnosus septicemia in a diabetic patient associated with probiotic use: a case report].
|
BACKGROUND: probiotic agents are increasingly used as over the counter drugs for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory and infectious conditions. The rationale of their use seems to restore a friendly bacterial flora in the gut. Complications of probiotic use, although rarely reported, can occur.OBSERVATION: we describe the case of a 54-year-old diabetic woman, who developed Lactobacillus rhamnosus septicemia while she was using probiotic oral treatment. Lactobacillus is a major component of probiotic agents. Her infection resolved after amoxicilline administration.DISCUSSION: this case highlights the complication of probiotic use, and perhaps the patient's predispositions to develop such complications.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Amoxicillin', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactobacillus rhamnosus', 'Middle Aged', 'Probiotics', 'Sepsis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,390,430
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.700', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.700', 'B03.510.550.450.475.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The use of gadolinium in the MR imaging of bone tumors.
|
Before determining the role of gadolinium in the evaluation of the solitary bone tumor, the practicing radiologist needs to determine which solitary bone lesions merit further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and why further imaging is required. A practical approach in applying magnetic resonance imaging to the indeterminate solitary bone lesion is outlined in this article, which serves as a guideline for logical and consistent application of MR imaging for this purpose. Although seemingly widely used, gadolinium appears to add little to the diagnostic sensitivity of specificity of MR with respect to solitary bone lesions. For selective tumors, such as osteosarcoma, gadolinium offers the potential for determining the efficacy of chemotherapy, by evaluating tumor necrosis prior and subsequent to chemotherapy. In select situations, especially sarcomas close to joints, gadolinium may aid and augment other pulse sequences in determining whether tumor resection should be intra- or extra-articular. However, gadolinium has a limited role in the evaluation of the solitary bone tumor, and its use should be the exception rather than the rule.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Contrast Media', 'Drug Combinations', 'Edema', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Gadolinium', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Joint Diseases', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Meglumine', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Necrosis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Pentetic Acid', 'Sarcoma', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,285,999
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D26.310'], ['C23.888.277'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['C05.550'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.033.800.813.550', 'D09.067.342.600', 'D09.853.813.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D02.691'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['D02.092.782.590', 'D02.241.081.018.639'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The endothelium but not the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta expresses caveolae.
|
The human placenta is a complex specialized structure that mediates the interchange of molecules, ions, and gases between maternal and foetal circulation. We have investigated the distribution and expression of caveolae/caveolin in the placenta. Using immunochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural methods, we show that the placenta expresses caveolin-1 and caveolin-2, which are marker proteins for caveolae. These proteins and caveolae were expressed at high levels in endothelium of placental capillaries and in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of larger vessels. In addition, fibroblasts in areas of the placenta with high connective tissue content also expressed caveolin. However, we were unable to detect these proteins or caveolae-like structures in the syncytiotrophoblast layer or in cytotrophoblasts. These results have important implications for further understanding placental biology and for the role of caveolae in cell regulation in this organ.
|
['Adult', 'Caveolae', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Placental Circulation', 'Pregnancy', 'Trophoblasts']
| 12,361,683
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.284.149.165.175.160', 'A11.284.149.165.570.160', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.180.160'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G09.330.100.749'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Calcification in untreated non-Hodgkin's mediastinal lymphoma.
|
We report a case of calcifications in mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although calcification may occur in lymphoma after chemotherapy or radiotherapy in areas of fibrous healing and scar formation, it has been reported only rarely in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
|
['Adult', 'Calcinosis', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Mediastinal Neoplasms', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,496,879
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C04.588.894.479', 'C08.846.187.580'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The JWS online simulation database.
|
Summary: JWS Online is a web-based platform for construction, simulation and exchange of models in standard formats. We have extended the platform with a database for curated simulation experiments that can be accessed directly via a URL, allowing one-click reproduction of published results. Users can modify the simulation experiments and export them in standard formats. The Simulation database thus lowers the bar on exploring computational models, helps users create valid simulation descriptions and improves the reproducibility of published simulation experiments.Availability and Implementation: The Simulation Database is available on line at https://jjj.bio.vu.nl/models/experiments/ .Contact: jls@sun.ac.za .
|
['Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Databases, Factual', 'Models, Biological', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 28,130,238
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of an ambulatory population with stable coronary artery disease and importance of heart rate: the PULSAR registry.
|
AIMS: To characterize a population with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in an outpatient setting and to evaluate the importance of resting heart rate (HR), a recently recognized prognostic risk factor.TYPE OF STUDY: A prospective and observational registry of patients with stable CAD followed mainly by cardiologists in private outpatient clinics.METHODS: Patients were selected by at least one of the following inclusion criteria: coronary angiography with at least one significant stenosis; positive stress test; previous myocardial infarction; or revascularization by angioplasty or surgery. Demographics, concomitant diseases, HR, blood pressure (BP), presence of angina and medical therapy were all recorded. Data compilation and statistical analysis were performed by a CRO independent of the sponsor and the investigators.RESULTS: Between May and October 2009, 3477 consecutive patients were included by 186 doctors. Mean age was 66.6 +/- 10.1 years and 26.3% were female, 76% had arterial hypertension, 34% diabetes, 47% previous infarction, 42% angioplasty and 25% coronary surgery. Of concomitant diseases, 13% of patients had peripheral vascular disease or erectile dysfunction. Medical therapy included antiplatelet agents (97%), lipid-lowering agents (92%), beta-blockers (72%), ACEIs (54%), nitrates (39%), calcium blockers (36%), ARBs (28%), ivabradine (24%) and trimetazidine (17%). Mean HR was 67 +/- 12 bpm and 67% of patients had HR > 60 bpm. Mean systolic BP was 134 +/- 18 mmHg and mean diastolic BP was 76 +/- 10 mmHg. Angina was present in 31.3% of patients and 53.4% had class II angina. The population with angina was more severe, 74% had HR > 60 bpm and 68% were taking beta-blockers. In patients with angina and HR > 60 bpm, beta-blocker use was only 64%.CONCLUSION: In an outpatient population with stable CAD of whom a third had angina, there was an increased number of patients with HR > 60 bpm and decreased use of beta-blockers with increasing disease severity. These findings support increased use of newly developed drugs for the treatment of stable CAD and angina.
|
['Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries']
| 20,734,572
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low divergence in rDNA ITS sequences among five species of Fucus (Phaeophyceae) suggests a very recent radiation.
|
Sequences from the two ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were compared among five species of Fucus. Based on the present taxon sampling, parsimony analysis showed that Fucus serratus is the sister-group of the remaining Fucus species when Ascophyllum nodosum was used as an outgroup. The topology of the tree was (Fucus serratus (F. lutarius (F. vesiculosus (F. spiralis + F. ceranoides)))). The extremely low variation observed suggests a very recent radiation of the genus which supports the view widely accepted that the Fucales are among the most evolutionarily advanced of the brown algae. We further note that sequence differences between Fucus and Ascophyllum were 28%: this does not rule out the utility of ITS sequences within the Fucaceae. The very low number of informative positions allows to demonstrate empirically that distance matrix methods group on the basis of symplesiomorphies.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'France', 'Genetic Variation', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phaeophyta', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 9,419,231
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.365'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.750.600'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
p66 Shc and tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc in primary breast tumors identify patients likely to relapse despite tamoxifen therapy.
|
INTRODUCTION: Shc adapter proteins are secondary messenger proteins involved in various cellular pathways, including those mediating receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and apoptosis in response to stress. We have previously reported that high levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc (PY-Shc) and low levels of its inhibitory p66 Shc isoform are strongly prognostic for identifying both early node-negative and more advanced, node-positive, primary breast cancers with high risk for recurrence. Because aberrant activation of tyrosine kinases upstream of Shc signaling proteins has been implicated in resistance to tamoxifen--the most widely prescribed drug for treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer--we hypothesized that Shc isoforms may identify patients at increased risk of relapsing despite tamoxifen treatment.METHODS: Immunohistochemical analyses of PY-Shc and p66 Shc were performed on archival primary breast cancer tumors from a population-based cohort (60 patients, 9 relapses) and, for validation, an independent external cohort (31 patients, 13 relapses) in which all patients received tamoxifen as a sole systemic adjuvant prior to relapse.RESULTS: By univariate and multivariate analyses, the Shc proteins were very strong and independent predictors of treatment failure in both the population-based cohort (interquartile hazard ratio = 8.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8 to 38, P = 0.007) and the validating cohort (interquartile relative risk = 12.1, 95% CI 1.7 to 86, P = 0.013).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the levels of PY-Shc and p66 Shc proteins in primary tumors identify patients at high risk for relapsing despite treatment with tamoxifen and therefore with further validation may be useful in guiding clinicians to select alternative adjuvant treatment strategies.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins', 'Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1', 'Tamoxifen', 'Tyrosine']
| 17,196,107
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.644.360.024.330', 'D12.776.157.057.162', 'D12.776.476.024.424'], ['D12.644.360.024.330.500', 'D12.776.157.057.162.500', 'D12.776.476.024.424.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of sinoatrial entrance block evaluated by direct sinus node electrography: prevalence, relation to antegrade sinoatrial conduction time, and relevance to sinus node disease.
|
When AV conduction is normal, the absence of VA conduction is not abnormal. Analogous information about retrograde sinoatrial conduction is not available. Although the premature atrial stimulas (PAS) technique can demonstrate the presence of sinoatrial entrance block (SAEB), both its prevalence and its relationship to antegrade SA conduction are unknown. Using PAS, we determined the incidence of SAEB in 59 patients with known or suspected dysrrhythmias or conduction defects to be 6.8%. Using catheter recorded sinus node electrograms (SNE), we then directly measured sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) in three patients with SAEB. Antegrade SACT was normal in two and prolonged in one. Only the latter had sinus node dysfunction recognized by ECG and/or conventional sinus node testing. We conclude that SAEB occurs infrequently, may occur when antegrade SACT is normal, is probably analogous to behavior at the AV node, and should not be used as an indicator of sick sinus syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Dizziness', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Heart Block', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sick Sinus Syndrome', 'Sinoatrial Block', 'Sinoatrial Node']
| 7,315,700
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['C23.888.592.763.237'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C14.280.067.558', 'C14.280.123.500', 'C23.550.073.425'], ['A07.541.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.067.093.249', 'C14.280.067.558.536', 'C14.280.123.500.536', 'C23.550.073.093.249', 'C23.550.073.425.440'], ['C14.280.067.558.750', 'C14.280.123.500.750', 'C23.550.073.425.780'], ['A07.541.409.819']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Magnetic resonance imaging of penile paraffinoma: case report.
|
BACKGROUND: Penile paraffinoma is a well-known delayed complication of paraffin oil injection into the penis for penile girth augmentation but its MRI features have not been previously described.CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old Ukraine man presented with erectile dysfunction, voiding difficulty and an irregular, hard and painful penile mass that had progressively grown over the last year. He reported having received, seven years before, several penile injections of paraffin oil for penile girth augmentation. On physical examination, the mass was tender, poorly delimited, and involved the whole penile shaft and the cranial part of the scrotum. Preoperative MRI, performed to determine the extent of tissue to be removed and the possibilities of penile reconstruction, showed a newly-formed homogeneous tissue, compressing but not infiltrating Buck's fascia, iso-hypointense relative to muscle on T1-weighted sequences, and with a low signal intensity at T2-weighted sequences. On T1-weighted fat suppressed sequences, it did not enhance with contrast administration. MRI data were confirmed by surgical findings, as the newly-formed scar tissue did not infiltrate Buck's fascia. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of penile paraffinoma.CONCLUSION: MRI seems to provide an adequate imaging of the histological events occurring after injection of paraffin oil in the subcutaneous tissues. Penile paraffinoma remains a clinical diagnosis, but MRI features may be helpful in planning an adequate surgical strategy and, in selected cases, establishing the differential diagnosis with other penile diseases, including cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oils', 'Paraffin', 'Penis']
| 25,487,566
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D10.627'], ['D02.455.612'], ['A05.360.444.492']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A previously unidentified acepromazine metabolite in humans: implications for the measurement of acepromazine in blood.
|
High-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection results obtained during the investigation of two cases involving acepromazine prompted us to study the stability of the drug in blood. It was found that acepromazine can undergo in vitro conversion by human red blood cells to 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)promazine, a product that has been reported as a minor urinary metabolite in horse urine but not previously identified in humans. Further, our analytical findings in the two cases examined suggest that 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)promazine may be the major unconjugated metabolite of acepromazine in humans. These findings have important implications for the analytical toxicology of acepromazine.
|
['Acepromazine', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Stability', 'Etorphine', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Methotrimeprazine', 'Promazine', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 10,488,925
|
[['D02.886.369.029', 'D03.633.300.783.029'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D26.310'], ['E05.916.330'], ['D03.132.577.249.270', 'D03.605.497.320', 'D03.633.400.686.320', 'D04.615.723.795.270'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.369.513', 'D03.633.300.783.513'], ['D02.886.369.661', 'D03.633.300.783.661'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protein and antigen variability among strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis.
|
Six strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis isolated from different host tissues were examined for differences in their proteins and antigens by using one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques as well as immunoblotting. One-dimensional electrophoresis revealed differences in concentrations of individual bands, but not differences in the overall banding pattern. By two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis, 25 proteins were identified as strain-variable whereas the majority of protein spots was strain-constant (about 195 after IEF-2D-PAGE and 145 after NEPHGE-2D-PAGE). Immunoblot analysis using an antiserum against the type-strain of Mycoplasma arthritidis (PG 6) revealed size-heterogeneity of antigens of all six strains. An epitopic relationship between these size-variant antigens could be demonstrated by using monospecific antibodies produced against some of these antigens of Mycoplasma arthritidis. Furthermore, we describe a highly variable antigen of Mycoplasma arthritidis similar to that shown previously in Mycoplasma pulmonis.
|
['Animals', 'Antigenic Variation', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Mycoplasma', 'Rats', 'Rodent Diseases']
| 1,576,410
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['D23.050.161'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C22.795']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Acute abdominal complications in bone marrow transplant recipients].
|
Bone marrow transplant is currently the treatment of choice for a number of haematological neoplasms. High doses of antiblastic drugs, immunosuppressive agents and acute graft versus host disease before and after bone marrow transplant cause toxic damage to the liver and to the gastrointestinal tract. Related acute abdominal complications often need emergency surgical treatment with a 30-60% mortality rate. In these patients the surgical strategy is complex and hard to schematise. Ninety-one patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation showed acute abdominal symptoms requiring thorough surgical monitoring: 51 had ileocolitis, 17 pancreatitis, 9 cholangitis, 6 cholecystitis, 6 appendicitis, and 2 gastric perforation. Nine patients needed an emergency operation (2 gastroduodenal resections, 1 ileal resection, 2 right hemicolectomies, 2 total colectomies, 1 cholecystectomy and one appendectomy. The operative mortality was 22.2%. Positive blood cultures were quite frequent (63.7%). Moderate granulocytopenia was observed (neutrophils: 500 x mm3) in about 40% of cases, and severe granuloctopenia in only one patient (neutrophils: 100 x mm3) with ileotyphlitis. Moderate thrombocytopenia (PLTS < 50,000 x mm3) was observed in 43.9% of cases while in three cases (all submitted to surgical treatment) the platelet count was < 5,000 x mm3. The recent increase in bone marrow transplants has led to a progressive rise in the number of patients with acute abdominal complications. When deciding the surgical strategy in treating acute abdominal complications the surgeon must consider that surgical intervention is indicated only after unsuccessful medical treatment and that the intestinal segment involved must always be removed as far as possible; severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (< 10,000 x mm3) and positive blood cultures, especially for CMV, are unfavourable prognostic factors.
|
['Abdomen, Acute', 'Appendicitis', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cholangitis', 'Cholecystitis', 'Colitis', 'Emergencies', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Humans', 'Ileitis', 'Pancreatitis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis']
| 12,239,761
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054.200', 'C23.888.821.030.249'], ['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C06.130.120.200'], ['C06.130.564.263'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['C20.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.462.624', 'C06.405.469.326.875', 'C06.405.469.420.520'], ['C06.689.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Injectable poly(amidoamine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amidoamine) triblock copolymer hydrogel with dual sensitivities: pH and temperature.
|
A novel triblock copolymer for use in an injectable pH- and temperature-sensitive hydrogel is synthesized by conjugating poly(amidoamine) (PAA) to poly(ethylene glycol): poly(amidoamine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amidoamine) (PAA-PEG-PAA). The polymer was characterized with (1)H NMR and gel permeation chromatography in the diluents CDCl(3) and CHCl(3), respectively. The PAA block acts as a pH- and temperature-sensitive block. The PAA-PEG-PAA copolymer in aqueous solution (12.5 wt %) underwent a sol-gel transition as a function of pH and temperature. After injection into a rat, the copolymer solution (12.5 wt %) was immediately changed to a gel.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Nylons', 'Polyamines', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Temperature']
| 19,296,656
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['G02.300'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D05.750.716.392', 'D25.720.716.392', 'J01.637.051.720.716.392', 'J01.637.548'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Urethro-cavernous fistula from blunt penile trauma.
|
An unusual case of traumatic urethro-cavernous fistula from the fall of a heavy object upon the flaccid penis is described. In the absence of clinical evidence of urinary extravasation, prompt performance of corpus cavernosography helped detect the existence of such a fistulous communication. Institution of prompt suprapubic urinary diversion avoided occurrence of undesirable sequelae to intracorporeal urinary leak and ensured uncomplicated spontaneous closure of the fistula.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Adult', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Penile Diseases', 'Penis', 'Radiography', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Fistula', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 7,218,388
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C12.706.881', 'C13.351.875.881', 'C23.300.575.825'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The correlation of student performance in preclinical and clinical prosthodontic assessments.
|
Tracking student performance in preclinical and clinical courses can be helpful in developing and refining a curriculum. Our objective was to correlate student performance on three fixed prosthodontic examinations taken by eighty junior dental students. Examinations included a knowledge-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), a manual skills exercise completed on a typodont (Typodont), and a competency casting exam (Casting CE) on a patient. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the OSCE and Typodont exam scores, as independent variables, were not statistically significant predictors (P=0.07; P=0.87, respectively) of Casting CE exam performance, which was the dependent variable. Correlations were weak for the OSCE (r=0.21) and nearly nonexistent for the Typodont exam(r=0.03) when compared to the Casting CE. Our results indicate a weak correlation between an OSCE-based knowledge exam measuring students' knowledge of critical errors in preparations and castings and a competency exam involving the preparation of a full veneer crown. Results also indicate virtually no correlation between a typodont preparation examination designed to provide a measure of students' clinical skill and a clinical competency exam involving the preparation of a full crown.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Competency-Based Education', 'Crowns', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Casting Technique', 'Dental Veneers', 'Denture Design', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Denture, Partial, Temporary', 'Education, Dental', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Motor Skills', 'Prosthodontics', 'Students, Dental', 'Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic']
| 17,389,571
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158.210'], ['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['E06.780.346.500', 'E07.695.190.175'], ['E06.780.250', 'E06.912.115'], ['E06.780.346.750', 'E07.695.190.196'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.484', 'E07.695.190.200.220.235'], ['I02.358.274'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['F02.808.260'], ['E06.780', 'H02.163.876.708'], ['M01.848.769.519'], ['E06.931.750']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low lumbar burst fractures: a unique fracture mechanism sustained in our current overseas conflicts.
|
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The most common location for burst fractures occurs at the thoracolumbar junction, where the stiff thoracic spine meets the more flexible lumbar spine. With our current military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, we have seen a disproportionate number of low lumbar burst fractures.PURPOSE: To report our institutional experience in the management of low lumbar burst fractures.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical records and radiographs for all patients treated at our institution with combat-related injuries and thoracolumbar fractures. We included all patients who had sustained a burst fracture from T12 to L5 and had at least 1-year clinical follow-up.RESULTS: Thirty-two patients sustained burst fractures. Nineteen patients (59.4%) had low lumbar (L3-L5) burst fractures, and 12 patients (37.5%) had thoracolumbar junction (T12-L2) burst fractures as their primary injury. Additionally, seven patients sustained less severe burst fractures at an additional level. One patient sustained burst fractures at both upper and lower lumbar levels. Of the low lumbar fractures, 52.6% had evidence of neurologic injury, two of which were complete. Similarly, in the upper lumbar group, 58.2% sustained a neurologic injury, two of which were complete. Twenty-two patients underwent surgical intervention, complicated by infection in 18%. At most recent follow-up, all but one patient with presenting neurologic injury had persistent deficits.CONCLUSION: Low lumbar burst fractures are the predominant combat-related spine injury in our current military conflicts. The rigidity offered by current body armor may effectively lower the transition zone that normally occurs at the thoracolumbar junction, thereby, transferring forces into the lower lumbar spine. Increased awareness of this fracture pattern is warranted by all surgeons because of unique clinical challenges associated with its treatment. Although the incidence is increased in the military population, other surgeons may be involved with long-term care of these patients on completion of their military service.
|
['Adult', 'Afghan Campaign 2001-', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iraq War, 2003-2011', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Young Adult']
| 21,982,760
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.880.735.950.250.094', 'K01.400.504.984.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.735.950.250.782', 'K01.400.504.984.249'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['E04.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['C26.117.500.500', 'C26.404.812'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection With Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation.
|
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disorder. Studies show that infectious microbial agents may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis; however, these findings are conflicting. This study investigated the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic plaques of patients suffering from coronary artery disease. In a cross-sectional study, 85 patients (43 females and 42 males with mean age of 61±9.5, range 42-82 years) referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and thoracic biopsy as the control groups were enrolled for this study. Standard questionnaires, including demographic and clinical evaluation were administered. Obtained specimens were processed and then nested polymerase chain reaction with primers for Pst1 fragment was carried out to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software. Of note, in 25 out of the 85 patients (29.4%), C. pneumoniae was detected within atherosclerotic plaques, whereas, 5 out of the 85 thoracic biopsy (5.9%) were positive for the presence of the mentioned bacteria in internal thoracic artery. There was a statistically significant association between atherosclerotic plaque (study group) and thoracic biopsy (control group) in terms of C. pneumoniae positivity (P= 0.0001). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae is associated with atherosclerosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Risk Factors']
| 26,573,036
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.230.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.300.823'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structure of calmodulin complexed with an olfactory CNG channel fragment and role of the central linker: residual dipolar couplings to evaluate calmodulin binding modes outside the kinase family.
|
The NMR high-resolution structure of calmodulin complexed with a fragment of the olfactory cyclic-nucleotide gated channel is described. This structure shows features that are unique for this complex, including an active role of the linker connecting the N- and C-lobes of calmodulin upon binding of the peptide. Such linker is not only involved in the formation of an hydrophobic pocket to accommodate a bulky peptide residue, but it also provides a positively charged region complementary to a negative charge of the target. This complex of calmodulin with a target not belonging to the kinase family was used to test the residual dipolar coupling (RDC) approach for the determination of calmodulin binding modes to peptides. Although the complex here characterized belongs to the (1--14) family, high Q values were obtained with all the 1:1 complexes for which crystalline structures are available. Reduction of the RDC data set used for the correlation analysis to structured regions of the complex allowed a clear identification of the binding mode. Excluded regions comprise calcium binding loops and loops connecting the EF-hand motifs.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids, Acidic', 'Amino Acids, Aromatic', 'Amino Acids, Basic', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Calmodulin', 'Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Ion Channels', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nitrogen Radioisotopes', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 15,803,393
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125.067'], ['D12.125.072.050'], ['D12.125.068'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.337', 'D12.776.543.550.450.452', 'D12.776.543.585.400.452'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.409'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D01.268.604.500.520', 'D01.362.625.500.520', 'D01.496.586.520', 'D01.496.749.615'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of G1-->S transition regulatory molecules in human urothelial cancer.
|
Growth of cancer cells is characterized by accelerated passage through the cell cycle, which is often caused by deregulation of the G1-->S transition. In this study the expression of G1-->S transition regulatory molecules was analyzed in 32 transitional cell carcinoma specimens and fifteen normal tissues obtained by cystectomy or nephroureterectomy of mainly locally advanced tumors, as well as six bladder cancer cell lines. Expression of mRNAs for cyclins D1 and D2 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2 and 4 was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of cyclin D1 compared to normal mucosa was observed in 3 tumors (9.4%), but in neither of the cell lines. All tumors with overexpression were moderately differentiated (G2) pT1 or pT2 tumors, and thus among the less advanced specimens. Cyclin D2 was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa or in tumors. The expression of CDK4 mRNA varied within the same range in mucosa, tumors, and cell lines. CDK2 mRNA expression varied more strongly and was diminished in individual tumors and in four cell lines. It is concluded that cyclin D1 overexpression can play an important role in the early stage of urothelial tumorigenesis, driving cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of cyclin D2 or amplification of CDK4 does not occur at a significant frequency in urothelial carcinomas. Different expression patterns of cyclin D1 and CDK2 indicate heterogeneity in the mechanisms of G1-->S transition deregulation in individual bladder tumors which may elicit differences in their biological and clinical behavior.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'CDC2-CDC28 Kinases', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Cyclin D1', 'Cyclin D2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Cyclins', 'Female', 'G1 Phase', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'S Phase', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 9,738,978
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067', 'D12.776.167.200.067', 'D12.776.476.250.067'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.200', 'D12.776.167.218.150.200', 'D12.776.476.262.150.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.750', 'D12.644.360.250.323', 'D12.776.167.200.323', 'D12.776.476.250.323'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.875', 'D12.644.360.250.451', 'D12.776.167.200.451', 'D12.776.476.250.451'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['A11.251.860'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic engineering of novel bluer-colored chrysanthemums produced by accumulation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins.
|
Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) have no purple-, violet- or blue-flowered cultivars because they lack delphinidin-based anthocyanins. This deficiency is due to the absence of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene (F3'5'H), which encodes the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. In F3'5'H-transformed chrysanthemums, unpredictable and unstable expression levels have hampered successful production of delphinidin and reduced desired changes in flower color. With the aim of achieving delphinidin production in chrysanthemum petals, we found that anthocyanin biosynthetic gene promoters combined with a translational enhancer increased expression of some F3'5'H genes and accompanying delphinidin-based anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic chrysanthemums. Dramatic accumulation of delphinidin (up to 95%) was achieved by simple overexpression of Campanula F3'5'H controlled by a petal-specific flavanone 3-hydroxylase promoter from chrysanthemum combined with the 5'-untranslated region of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene as a translational enhancer. The flower colors of transgenic lines producing delphinidin-based anthocyanins changed from a red-purple to a purple-violet hue in the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts. This result represents a promising step toward molecular breeding of blue chrysanthemums.
|
["5' Untranslated Regions", 'Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Anthocyanins', 'Chrysanthemum', 'Color', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Flowers', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pigmentation', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 23,926,063
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.885', 'D13.444.735.790.878.885', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.885', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.885'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.206'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['E05.393.420'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E01.370.600.620', 'G16.690'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A loop-to-base processing mechanism underlies the biogenesis of plant microRNAs miR319 and miR159.
|
The first step in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis usually involves cleavage at the base of its fold-back precursor. Here, we describe a non-canonical processing mechanism for miRNAs miR319 and miR159 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that their biogenesis begins with the cleavage of the loop, instead of the usual cut at the base of the stem-loop structure. DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1) proceeds then with three additional cuts until the mature miRNA is released. We further show that the conserved upper stem of the miR319 precursor is essential to organize its biogenesis, whereas sequences below the miRNA/miRNA(*) region are dispensable. In addition, the bulges present in the fold-back structure reduce the accumulation of small RNAs other than the miRNA. The biogenesis of miR319 is conserved in the moss Physcomitrella patens, showing that this processing mechanism is ancient. These results provide new insights into the plasticity of small-RNA pathways.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Bryopsida', 'Conserved Sequence', 'MicroRNAs', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'RNA, Plant', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA']
| 19,816,405
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.137.500'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['E05.393.760.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanism of action of aflatoxin B1 in Bacillus megaterium.
|
Bacillus megaterium cells from various growth phases were equally susceptible to the lethal effects of aflatoxin B1. Known surfactants (EDTA and Tween-80) accentuated the effects of aflatoxin B1. Viability and inulin uptake in aflatoxin B1-exposed cells decreased considerably. The effect was concentration dependent. A straight-line relationship observed in the death curve indicated a single target for aflatoxin B1 action in B. megaterium. Leakage of intracellular constituents in B. megaterium was also concentration dependent, and this can be related to the extent of cell membrane damage.
|
['Aflatoxin B1', 'Aflatoxins', 'Bacillus megaterium', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug']
| 3,923,926
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119.075', 'D03.633.100.150.119.075', 'D23.946.587.142.075'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.500', 'B03.353.500.100.218.500', 'B03.510.100.100.218.500', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.500', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.500'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex hormones mediate interleukin-1 beta production by human osteoblastic HOBIT cells.
|
The mechanisms by which the sex hormones achieve their bone-sparing effects remains unresolved. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is an autocrine/paracrine regulator of bone that may be produced in an estrogen-sensitive manner. The regulation of IL-1 beta production by the gonadal steroids was tested in the human osteoblastic HOBIT cell model. Dose-dependent 4-8-fold increases (P < 0.05) in IL-1 beta mRNA levels followed a 6-48 h treatment with 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone. Receptor mediation of these responses was indicated by experiments using 17 alpha-estradiol or flutamide. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) dependent increase IL-1 beta mRNA levels were additive to the effects of the steroids. Testosterone and TNF increased IL-1 beta protein release (P < 0.05) while 17 beta-estradiol had little effect on release. The bone-sparing effects of the gonadal steroids may be accomplished, in part, through their mediation of local IL-1 beta production.
|
['Cell Line', 'Estradiol', 'Flutamide', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Osteoblasts', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Testosterone', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 7,649,354
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D02.065.199.420', 'D02.092.146.113.420'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A morphometric study of the protective effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil.
|
We investigated cytological changes in oral mucosa smears from patients treated with cryotherapy to determine whether cryotherapy prevented mucositis caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancies were divided into four groups; control patients before 5-FU therapy, patients after 5-FU therapy without cryotherapy, patients with cryotherapy before 5-FU therapy and patients with cryotherapy after 5-FU therapy. Oral mucosa samples from all patients were assessed at the beginning and on day 14 of chemotherapy. We used exfoliative cytology to evaluate cellular changes in the oral mucosa that were caused by 5-FU. Smears from each patient were stained using the Papanicolaou method and analyzed using stereology. Smears were taken from each group before and after 5-FU infusion. We found that nuclear volume was decreased significantly in cells of the 5-FU therapy after cryotherapy patients compared to the 5-FU therapy before cryotherapy patients. We also found significantly decreased cytoplasmic volumes in the 5-FU therapy after cryotherapy patients compared to the 5-FU therapy before cryotherapy patients. The results of cytomorphometric estimations revealed that cryotherapy may be used to prevent damage to oral tissue and may decrease the frequency and duration of oral mucositis caused by 5-FU.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Cryotherapy', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Neoplasms', 'Stomatitis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 27,644,112
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['E02.258'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['C04'], ['C07.465.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis of beta-(1-->4)-oligo-D-mannuronic acid neoglycolipids.
|
Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in host immune defense. The activation of TLR and down-stream signaling pathways have great impact on human physiology. Chemically diverse microbial products as well as synthetic ligands serve as agonists for these receptors. Recently, synthetic TLR ligands are being exploited as useful therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. Alginate polymers and oligosaccharides are strong immune stimulants mediated by TLR2/4, but synthesis of alginate oligomers is rarely studied. Reported here are the design and chemical synthesis of two beta-(1-->4)-di- and beta-(1-->4)-tri-d-mannuronic acid neoglycolipids 1 and 2 as potential TLR ligands. By using 4,6-di-O-benzylidene-protected 1-thio mannoside 7 as a glycosyl donor, the diastereoselective beta-d-mannosylation protocol provides the beta-(1-->4)-d-mannobiose and beta-(1-->4)-d-mannotriose derivatives, which upon regioselective oxidation with TEMPO/BAIB oxidation system yield the corresponding beta-(1-->4)-d-mannuronic acid containing neoglycolipids 1 and 2.
|
['Alginates', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Glycolipids', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']
| 18,005,954
|
[['D09.698.068'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D09.698.629'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The ghost of public health journalism: past, present, and future.
|
The news industry is undergoing shrinking newspaper circulations, cuts in science and health coverage, and expansion of Internet news sources. We examine the impact of these changes using a case study set in Libby, Montana. In 1999, a Seattle newspaper story focused attention on asbestos exposure and related diseases in this small town. In 2009, that newspaper became an online-only newspaper, just as coverage of a related criminal trial began. Later that year the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a public health emergency. Online newspaper archives and a collaboration between the University of Montana's journalism and law schools contributed to coverage of these developments. Continued efforts to promote interest in and skills needed for high-quality public health and environmental reporting are needed.
|
['Asbestos', 'Forecasting', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Journalism, Medical', 'Mining', 'Montana', 'Newspapers as Topic', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Public Health', 'Washington']
| 20,160,563
|
[['D01.578.725.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070'], ['I01.320'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.737.498.550'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.500'], ['L01.178.682.829.481'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
1. Trigeminal neuralgia.
|
Trigeminal neuralgia is a common cause of facial pain. It has a significant impact on the quality of life and the socioeconomic functioning of the patient. The aim of this review is to provide recommendations for medical management of trigeminal neuralgia based on current evidence. Based upon the analyses of the literature combined with experience in pain management, symptoms, assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment possibilities of trigeminal neuralgia are described and discussed. Recommendations for pain management are given and are displayed in a clinical practice algorithm. Treatment should be multidisciplinary. Various treatment options and their risks should be discussed with the patient. The first treatment of choice is carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. In younger patients, the first choice of invasive treatment is probably microvascular decompression. For elderly patients, radiofrequency treatment of Gasserian ganglion is recommended and the technique is described in detail.
|
['Algorithms', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Carbamazepine', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Radiosurgery', 'Risk Assessment', 'Trigeminal Ganglion', 'Trigeminal Nerve', 'Trigeminal Neuralgia']
| 19,619,267
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['E04.188'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.525'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['A08.340.390.850', 'A08.800.350.850', 'A08.800.800.120.760.825'], ['A08.800.800.120.760'], ['C07.465.299.625.500.700', 'C10.292.319.625.700.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tachykinin NK3 and NK1 receptor activation elicits secretion from porcine airway submucosal glands.
|
1 We presently characterized the tachykinin receptor subtypes, using tachykinin receptor agonists and selective antagonists, that induce submucosal gland fluid flux (J(G)) from porcine tracheal explants with the hillocks technique. We also investigated the effects of the tachykinin receptor agonists on the electrophysiologic parameters of the tracheal epithelium in Ussing chambers. 2 The NK(1) tachykinin receptor agonist substance P (SP, 1 microM) and the NK(3) tachykinin receptor agonist [MePhe(7)]neurokinin B ([MePhe(7)]NKB, 1 microM) induced gland fluid fluxes of 0.29+/-0.03 microl min(-1) cm(-2) (n=26) and 0.36+/-0.05 microl min(-1) cm(-2) (n=24), respectively; while the NK(2) tachykinin receptor agonist [betaAla(8)]neurokinin A (4-10) ([betaAla(8)]NKA (4-10), 1 microM) had no effect on J(G) (n=10). 3 The NK(1) receptor antagonist CP99994 (1 microM, n=9) blocked 93% of the SP-induced J(G), whereas the NK(3) receptor antagonist SB223412 (1 microM, n=12) had no effect on the SP-induced J(G). However, SB223412 (1 microM, n=9) blocked 89% of the [MePhe(7)]NKB-induced J(G) while CP99994 (1 microM, n=10) did not affect the [MePhe(7)]NKB-induced J(G). The NK(2) receptor antagonist SR48968 (1 microM) did not block the J(G) induced by either the NK(1) (n=4) or NK(3) (n=13) receptor agonists. 4 The nicotinic ganglionic acetylcholine receptor antagonist hexamethonium (1 microM) and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine (1 microM) also decreased the NK(3) receptor agonist-induced J(G) by 67% (n=10) and 71% (n=12), respectively. 5 The potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (I(SC)), and membrane resistance (R(M)) of the porcine tracheal epithelial membranes were not significantly affected by any of the neurokinin agonists or antagonists (1 microM, basolateral) used in this study, although SP and [betaAla(8)]NKA (4-10) induced a slight transient epithelial hyperpolarization. 6 These data suggest that NK(1) and NK(3) receptors induce porcine airway gland secretion by different mechanisms and that the NK(3) receptor agonists induced secretion is likely due to activation of prejunctional NK(3) receptors on parasympathetic nerves, resulting in acetylcholine-release. We conclude that tachykinin receptor antagonists may have therapeutic potential in diseases with pathophysiological mucus hypersecretion such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.
|
['Animals', 'Benzamides', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Exocrine Glands', 'Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Piperidines', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-3', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Swine', 'Trachea']
| 12,522,097
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A10.336'], ['D27.505.519.625.487', 'D27.505.696.577.487'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.580', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.580', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.580'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sulfonate-terminated carbosilane dendron-coated nanotubes: a greener point of view in protein sample preparation.
|
Reduction or removal of solvents and reagents in protein sample preparation is a requirement. Dendrimers can strongly interact with proteins and have great potential as a greener alternative to conventional methods used in protein sample preparation. This work proposes the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with carbosilane dendrons with sulfonate groups for protein sample preparation and shows the successful application of the proposed methodology to extract proteins from a complex matrix. SEM images of nanotubes and mixtures of nanotubes and proteins were taken. Moreover, intrinsic fluorescence intensity of proteins was monitored to observe the most significant interactions at increasing dendron generations under neutral and basic pHs. Different conditions for the disruption of interactions between proteins and nanotubes after protein extraction and different concentrations of the disrupting reagent and the nanotube were also tried. Compatibility of extraction and disrupting conditions with the enzymatic digestion of proteins for obtaining bioactive peptides was also studied. Finally, sulfonate-terminated carbosilane dendron-coated SWCNTs enabled the extraction of proteins from a complex sample without using non-environmentally friendly solvents that were required so far. Graphical Abstract Green protein extraction from a complex sample employing carbosilane dendron coated nanotubes.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Nanotubes', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Proteins', 'Silanes']
| 28,687,880
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['E05.196'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D01.837.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Assessment of hyperacusis: the self-rating questionnaire on hypersensitivity to sound].
|
BACKGROUND: Hyperacusis is a decreased sound tolerance. The audiological examination includes the loudness discomfort level measurement and the handicap evaluation, so we introduce the Spanish validation of the german sound intolerance questionnaire.OBJECTIVES: To update the concept of hyperacusis and to evaluate its handicap through a Spanish validation of the Ger?usch?berempfindlichkeit (GUF).PATIENTS: Forty patients referred to our Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Clinic in the University Hospital, between October 2004 and February 2005.OUTCOME MEASURES: The Spanish version of the GUF was performed after transla-tion and retro-translation. Internal consistency and reliability were established.RESULTS: Spanish adaptation of the GUF and its subscales (cognitive, somatic behaviour and emotional reaction) showed a high reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa: 0.9007). Higher GUF scores were statistically demonstrated in hyperacusis patients with hearing loss (p < 0.05) or tinnitus (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Spanish adaptation of the GUF is valid, reliable and can be used in a clinical setting to quantify the impact of hyperacusis on patient's quality of life.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperacusis', 'Language', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,036,991
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.458.505', 'C10.597.751.418.505', 'C23.888.592.763.393.505'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and anti-lepirudin antibodies with argatroban.
|
Patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II require anticoagulation with non-heparin immediate acting anticoagulants. Danaparoid may cross react with HIT-antibodies and lepirudin may generate anti-lepirudin antibodies influencing anticoagulation. We hypothesised, that the synthetic small molecular thrombin inhibitor argatroban does not induce immunoglobulins reacting towards lepirudin in patients with anti-lepirudin antibodies in the history and that titration of the anticoagulation may be easier with argatroban. We report on the treatment of four patients of a study, which was terminated prematurely due to official warnings for a repeated use of lepirudin. Two patients each received argatroban and lepirudin intravenously. A blinded assessor adjusted the doses of the anticoagulants to 1.5-3.0 fold prolongation of the aPTT. Ecarin clotting time (ECT), concentrations of lepirudin (ELISA) and of argatroban (gas-chromatography with mass spectrometry), and the generation of lepirudin antibodies (ELISA) were measured. APTT-adjusted dosages for argatroban was 2.0-2.6 microg/kg.min and for lepirudin 48-149 microg/kg.h. ECT was prolonged 2.1 to 4.5-fold with lepirudin and 4 to 7-fold with argatroban. The concentration of lepirudin ranged between 750 and 1500 ng/ml and of argatroban between 400 and 1100 ng/ml. Patients on argatroban did not generate immunoglobulin IgG reacting towards lepirudin in contrast to both patients on lepirudin who developed anti-lepirudin antibodies. Both treatments were well tolerated. Despite the low number of patients argatroban seems to lead to a more stable anticoagulant response than lepirudin resulting in a lower variability of the dosage for prophylaxis or treatment of thromboembolism of patients with a history of HIT and lepirudin antibodies.
|
['Aged', 'Antibodies', 'Anticoagulants', 'Arginine', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Hirudin Therapy', 'Hirudins', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pipecolic Acids', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sulfonamides', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 15,976,970
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['E02.319.913.500'], ['D12.644.861.060.875', 'D12.776.872.060.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.066.758', 'D03.383.621.758'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Oxidative stress promotes degradation of the Irr protein to regulate haem biosynthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
|
The haem proteins catalase and peroxidase are stress response proteins that detoxify reactive oxygen species. In the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum, expression of the gene encoding the haem biosynthesis enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is normally repressed by the Irr protein in iron-limited cells. Irr degrades in the presence of iron, which requires haem binding to the protein. Here, we found that ALAD levels were elevated in iron-limited cells of a catalase-deficient mutant, which corresponded with aberrantly low levels of Irr. Irr was undetectable in wild-type cells within 90 min after exposure to exogenous H2O2, but not in a haem-deficient mutant strain. In addition, Irr did not degrade in response to iron in the absence of O2. The findings indicate that reactive oxygen species promote Irr turnover mediated by haem, and are involved in iron-dependent degradation. We demonstrated Irr oxidation in vitro, which required haem, O2 and a reductant. A truncated Irr mutant unable to bind ferrous haem does not degrade in vivo, and was not oxidized in vitro. We suggest that Irr oxidation is a signal for its degradation, and that cells sense and respond to oxidative stress through Irr to regulate haem biosynthesis.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Bradyrhizobium', 'Culture Media', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Heme', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Iron', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Porphobilinogen Synthase', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptor, Insulin']
| 16,556,232
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['B03.440.400.425.200.090', 'B03.660.050.035.090'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.550'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early IL-4 production driving Th2 differentiation in a human in vivo allergic model is mast cell derived.
|
IL-4 is central to the formation of IgE and the development of Th2 effector cells, both key features of an allergic response. We have examined IL-4 production early in the formation of an allergic response by using a previously established human in vivo model of allergic rhinitis where allergic subjects are challenged internasally with allergen and the particulate pollutant diesel exhaust particles (DEP). This model is characterized by enhanced IgE production and deviation to a Th2-type cytokine profile in nasal lavage fluid from these subjects. In this model, IL-4 protein and IL-4-positive cells could first be detected 4 h after challenge and maximal production was observed after 18 h. Two-color flow cytometric analysis for the detection of intracellular IL-4 and surface markers was performed on nasal cells recovered 4 h after challenge. At this time, CD117(+) (c-kit+) cells constituted between 65 and 100% of the IL-4(+) cells, while 0-12% of the IL-4(+) cells were CD3 positive. No IL-4(+) CD19/CD20(+) or IL-4(+) CD56(+) cells were detected at 4 h. As the allergic response progressed the primary source of IL-4 changed. At the peak of IL-4 production, 18 h after challenge, CD3(+) comprised the majority of cells staining for intracellular IL-4 (73 to 100%). Thus we show an initial role for cells of the mast cell/basophil lineage residing in the nasal mucosa in the initial production of IL-4, which frames the subsequent immune response by expanding the repertoire of TH2 cytokine-producing cells in the local microvicinity.
|
['Adult', 'CD3 Complex', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-4', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Immunological', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial', 'Th2 Cells']
| 9,884,352
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['G04.152'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A simple method for assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique.
|
The validity of the conventional esophageal balloon technique as a measure of pleural pressure was tested in 10 subjects in sitting, supine, and lateral positions by occluding the airways at end-expiration and measuring the ratio of changes in esophageal (delta Pes) and mouth pressure (delta Pm) during the ensuing spontaneous occluded inspiratory efforts. Similar measurements were also made during static Mueller maneuvers. In both tests, delta Pes/delta Pm values were close to unity in sitting and lateral positions, whereas in the supine position, substantial deviations from unity were found in some instances. However, by repositioning the balloon to different levels in the esophagus, even in these instances a locus could be found where the delta Pes/delta Pm ratio was close to unity. No appreciable phase difference between delta Pes and delta Pm was found. We conclude that by positioning the balloon according to the "occlusion test" procedure, valid measurements of pleural pressure can be obtained in all the tested body positions.
|
['Adult', 'Esophagus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Pleura', 'Posture', 'Pressure']
| 7,149,443
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736'], ['G11.427.695'], ['G01.374.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In situ hybridization to mRNA: from black art to guiding light.
|
In situ hybridization to mRNA in embryo sections or wholemount embryos is one of the most powerful analytical tools available to the molecular developmental biologist. For many workers, this procedure provides the first insights into the function of newly isolated genes, allowing the formulation of hypotheses and setting the course for further research. This paper presents a personal historical perspective of the development of in situ hybridization, looks at the theory and practice of the technique, summarizes the current state of the art, and speculates on possible directions for the future as a tool in functional genomics.
|
['Animals', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'England', 'Female', 'History, 20th Century', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'London', 'Mice', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Research']
| 11,417,907
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Temporospatial and kinematic gait alterations during treadmill walking with body weight suspension.
|
Our purpose was to analyze the effects of selected levels of body weight support (BWS) on lower extremity kinematics of normal subjects at a predetermined treadmill speed. Seventeen non-disabled volunteers walked on a treadmill at 1.25 ms(-1). Temporospatial and kinematic data were collected while various support levels were applied (Minimal, 10, 30, 50 and 70% BWS). Compared to 10% BWS, significant temporospatial and kinematic changes were induced by 50 and 70% BWS. Fewer differences were induced by 30% BWS compared to 10% BWS. We concluded that gait patterns of unimpaired subjects are significantly changed by 50 and 70% BWS.
|
['Adult', 'Ankle', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Hip', 'Humans', 'Knee', 'Male', 'Walking', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 12,770,637
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.610.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['A01.378.610.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.450'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The efficacy and safety of lanreotide Autogel in patients with acromegaly previously treated with octreotide LAR.
|
OBJECTIVE: Lanreotide Autogel is a sustained-release aqueous gel formulation supplied in a prefilled syringe, with injection volume <0.5 ml. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of Autogel in patients with acromegaly previously treated with octreotide LAR.DESIGN: A 28-week, open, multicentre study.PATIENTS: Twelve patients with acromegaly, treated with 20 mg octreotide LAR for >4 months, with serum GH levels <10.0 mU/l.METHODS: Autogel (90 mg) was given every 28 days during weeks 0-12. At week 16 the dose was titrated based on GH levels at weeks 8 and 12. If GH levels were <2.0, 2.0-5.0, or >5.0 mU/l, Autogel was reduced to 60 mg, maintained at 90 mg, or increased to 120 mg respectively, for the next three injections. GH and IGF-I levels were reassessed at weeks 24 and 28.RESULTS: Ten patients completed the study. Five remained on 90 mg Autogel throughout the study; in two patients the dose was reduced to 60 mg from week 16; in three patients it was increased to 120 mg. Mean GH levels were: baseline, 3.0+/-1.7 mU/l; week 12, 3.5+/-1.8 mU/l; week 28, 3.3+/-1.6 mU/l (NS). Mean IGF-I levels were: baseline, 212+/-70 microg/l; week 12, 185+/-91 microg/l; week 28: 154+/-61 microg/l (P=0.027). Six patients at baseline and eight at week 28 had normalised GH and IGF-I levels. Three patients reported adverse events: musculoskeletal pain (n=2) and injection-site symptoms (n=1).CONCLUSIONS: Lanreotide Autogel is effective and well tolerated in patients with acromegaly. This study in a small group of patients with well-controlled acromegaly suggests that the majority of patients switched from 20 mg LAR to 90 mg Autogel will have equivalent or better disease control.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Octreotide', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Somatostatin', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,080,776
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in central spinal stenosis: preliminary results of a randomized, double-blind, active control trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic, persistent low back and lower extremity pain is often caused by spinal stenosis. Surgery and other interventions, including epidural injections, have been used to relieve this pain. However, there is little in the medical literature to support interlaminar, or transforaminal epidural injections under fluoroscopy for managing lumbar pain of central spinal stenosis, while the caudal epidural approach has been studied.STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, active, control trial.SETTING: A private, interventional pain management practice, specialty referral center in the United States.OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine if low back and lower extremity pain secondary to lumbar central stenosis can be managed and long-lasting pain relief can be achieved with interlaminar epidural injections of local anesthetic, with or without steroids.METHODS: The study comprised 2 groups: one that received local anesthetic only and another received local anesthetic combined with nonparticulate betamethasone. A total of 120 patients were randomized by a computer-generated random allocations sequence to one of the 2 groups. The results of 30 patients in each group were assessed.OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Sixty patients were included in this analysis. Outcomes measurements were taken at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Measurements taken were Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status and opioid intake. A decrease in both the NRS and ODI of >/= 50% was considered significant.RESULTS: Significant pain relief and improvement in ODI scores were seen in both groups at 12 months. Group I's significant pain relief was 70%; Group II's was 63%. The significant ODI improvement in Group I was 70%; in Group II it was 60%. Group I patients on average received 3.8 procedures a year; Group II patients received 4.0 procedures a year in successful group. Over 52 weeks in the successful group, total relief for Group I was 40.8 ± 11.7 weeks; for Group II it was 37.1 ± 12.6 weeks. Combined pain relief and functional status improvement were seen in 80% of patients in Group I and 72% in Group II in successful group.LIMITATIONS: The lack of a placebo group and preliminary results are limitations.CONCLUSION: Patients might benefit from receiving lumbar interlaminar injections with or without steroids for lumbar central spinal stenosis.CLINICAL TRIAL: NCT00681447.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Back Pain', 'Betamethasone', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Injections, Epidural', 'Lidocaine', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spinal Stenosis']
| 22,270,738
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.199', 'D04.210.500.908.093'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580.300'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.900.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tubular mechanism for the spontaneous hypercalciuria in laboratory rat.
|
Recently it has been observed that Ca excretion in laboratory rats does not follow a Gaussian distribution, with approximately 10% of them excreting Ca at a rate of 2 SD above the group mean. This phenomenon has been described as spontaneous hypercalciuria (SH). Our studies were designed to define its mechanism. 48 Wistar rats were subjected to metabolic studies to identify SH, prospectively defined as Ca excretion 2 SD above the group mean during 7 d of dietary Ca deprivation (</=0.03% by analysis), in the absence of hypercalcemia, PO(4) depletion, or exaggerated natriuresis. Progenies from SH rats were found to have significantly higher urine Ca/creatinine (micrograms per milligram) (male = 38 vs. 23, P < 0.05; female = 79 vs. 60, P < 0.005) with 7/20 males and 9/26 females having values 2 SD above the means of normal. After a 12-h fast and during 10% volume expansion with saline, clearance and micropuncture studies were performed on three groups of acutely parathyroidectomized female rats; (a) normocalciuric (N) progenies from the normal, (b) normocalciuric (NC) progenies from SH, and (c) hypercalciuric (HC) progenies from SH rats. Among these groups, there was no significant difference in body weights, glomerular filtration rate, plasma ultrafiltrable Ca (4.5, 4.6 vs. 4.7 mg/100 g), PO(4), and the fractional excretion (FE) of Na or FE(PO4). FE Ca was significantly higher in HC rats (13.9%) than N (10.1%) and NC (10.7%). Segmental reabsorption of fluid and Na was comparable among the three groups. Fractional delivery (FD) of Ca was, however, significantly increased in the late proximal tubule of HC rats (62 vs. 49 and 46%, P < 0.05). The increased FDCa was no longer apparent in early or late distal tubule (6.9 vs. 6.9 and 7.6%, P = NS). Although FECa exceeded late distal FDCa in all three groups, the increment was significantly greater in HC rats (7.02%) than both N (3.4, P < 0.05) and NC rats (3.05, P < 0.02). The effects of chlorothiazide (27.5 mg/kg/d, i.p. x 7 d) were evaluated in the female offsprings of the SH rats. Before chlorothiazide, average urine Ca/creatinine (253 vs. 77.2) and cyclic AMP (26.6 vs. 13.4 mumol/mg creatinine, P < 0.001) on days 7 and 8 of the Ca-deprived diet were higher than the normal. On days 6 and 7 of chlorothiazide, average cyclic AMP (cAMP) excretion fell to normal range (11.7 vs. 12.7 mumol/mg creatinine) as Ca excretion was reduced to normal (62 vs. 59.4 mug Ca/mg creatinine). WE CONCLUDE: (a) SH, as defined in this study, is an inheritable biochemical marker and renal in origin. (b) The hypercalciuria is independent of parathyroid hormone, changes in plasma Ca and tubular handling of Na. (c) As studied in the PTX and volume expanded conditions of our experiments, decreased Ca reabsorption in superficial proximal convoluted tubule is demonstrable, but the hypercalciuria is probably mediated by diminished Ca transport by the deep nephron. The unlikely possibility of increased secretion by the terminal nephron, however, remains to be excluded. (d) In normal rats, there is internephron heterogeneity in regard to Ca transport during saline loading.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Chlorothiazide', 'Creatinine', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Nephrons', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phosphorus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium']
| 6,288,772
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.261', 'D02.886.655.500.261', 'D03.633.100.174.261'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['A05.810.453.736'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of autoimmune hepatitis following acute hepatitis A].
|
The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unclear, but viral infections have been proposed as a potential trigger in patients with genetic predisposition. We report a case of AIH following acute hepatitis A (AHA). A 57-year-old woman presented with fatigue and pitting edema for last 3 months. She had been diagnosed as an AHA 15 months ago based on clinical features, biochemical tests and positive HAV IgM antibody at a local clinic. Her biochemical tests was normalized one month after AHA diagnosis, but the serum levels of aminotransferase started to rise four months after AHA diagnosis. Antinuclear antibody was positive at a titer of 1:40, and anti-smooth muscle antibody was also positive. Hypergammaglobulinemia and liver pathology were typical for AIH. The patients had a score of 17 according to the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group's system. She was given prednisolone and azathioprine and showed complete response to immunosuppressive therapy. The present case is the first report on AIH triggered by AHA in Korea.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Autoantibodies', 'Azathioprine', 'Female', 'Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis, Autoimmune', 'Humans', 'Hypergammaglobulinemia', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Liver', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisolone']
| 21,623,141
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['C01.925.440.420', 'C01.925.782.687.359.500', 'C06.552.380.705.422'], ['C06.552.380.350.300', 'C20.111.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.147.542', 'C20.683.460', 'C23.888.512'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear producing peptide hormones.
|
We report 6th case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear in a 16-year-old man. The clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features are discussed. The tumor in the attic and the tympanic cavity was successfully excised by radical mastoidectomy. Microscopically, the argyrophilic property and neurosecretory granules which are characteristic of carcinoid tumor were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Furthermore, peptide hormones were confirmed immunohistochemically in this case. This tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis when biologically lowgrade tumor with glandular and trabecular architectures are encountered in the middle ear.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carcinoid Tumor', 'Chromogranins', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Ear Neoplasms', 'Ear, Middle', 'Enkephalin, Methionine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Serotonin']
| 3,245,815
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.200', 'C04.557.470.200.025.200', 'C04.557.580.625.650.200'], ['D12.776.631.199', 'D12.776.811.185'], ['E01.171'], ['C04.588.443.665.312', 'C09.218.334', 'C09.647.312'], ['A09.246.397'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.381', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of progressive semantic loss on reading aloud.
|
The role of semantics in reading aloud remains controversial. To explore this issue, the current study examined the impact of semantic loss on reading-aloud performance in 7 patients with semantic dementia. The results revealed a heterogenous pattern of reading difficulties. Of the patients, 2 selectively made errors on inconsistent words (i.e., surface dyslexia), 4 had a generalized reading deficit with increased errors on consistent words, inconsistent words, and nonwords, while the remaining patient had relatively intact reading-aloud accuracy. All patients had longer reading latencies on real words than controls. The relationship between the reading and semantic deficits in the patients was examined at the item-specific level. This suggested that reading-aloud errors were related to the semantic impairment for inconsistent words but not consistent words. In contrast, semantic loss was related to longer latencies for both consistent and inconsistent words. These findings support models of reading that include a role for semantics in the reading-aloud process.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attention', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Phonation', 'Phonetics', 'Reaction Time', 'Reading', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Vocabulary']
| 18,416,487
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G09.772.585'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quadriceps function and training after knee ligament surgery.
|
A follow-up study of 30 patients operated on for knee ligament injuries was performed with measurements of maximal isometric and isokinetic (angular velocity 30, 42, 120 degrees/s) torque for knee extension and muscle biopsy from vastus laternalis. The maximal torque values of the operated side were reduced in spite of resumed physical activities and athletic training. Isokinetic training, weight training (10 RM), and self-training were compared. All training groups increased their muscle strength with the largest increase for the isokinetically trained group. Before training, the mean fiber areas were somewhat low, especially for type II fibers and there was a tendency for an increase after training. There was no significant change in ATP, CP, and contractile enzyme activities with training. With the isokinetic training principle, maximal torque can in contrast to weight training be achieved through the whole range of motion, which may explain its larger training effect.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Knee Joint', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Physical Exertion']
| 7,188,589
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['G11.427.683']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Development of Dietary Supplement Label Database in Italy: Focus of FoodEx2 Coding.
|
The sector of food supplements is certainly varied and growing: an ever wider offer of new products is launched on the market every year. This is reflected in new reorganization of drug companies and new marketing strategies, in the adoption of new production technologies with resulting changes in dietary supplements regulation. In this context, information on composition reported in labels of selected dietary supplements was collected and updated for the development of a Dietary Supplement Label Database according to products' availability on the Italian market and also including items consumed in the last Italian Dietary Survey. For each item, a code was assigned following the food classification and description system FoodEx2, revision 2. A total of 558 products have been entered into the database at present, trying to give a uniform image and representation of the major classes of food supplements, and 82 descriptors have been compiled. Various suggestions on how the number of FoodEx2 system descriptors could be expanded were noted during the compilation of the database and the coding procedure, which are presented in this article. Limits encountered in compiling the database are represented by the changes in the formulation of products on the market and therefore by the need for a constant database update. The database here presented can be a useful tool in clinical trials, dietary plans, and pharmacological programs.
|
['Data Management', 'Databases, Factual', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Food', 'Food Labeling', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Product Labeling']
| 31,892,267
|
[['L01.399.375', 'L01.453.233', 'L01.470.563'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['J01.576.423.850.600.400', 'J01.576.761.400.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['J01.576.761.700']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Inhibiting mitochondrial â-oxidation selectively reduces levels of nonenzymatic oxidative polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in the brain.
|
Sch?nfeld and Reiser recently hypothesized that fatty acid â-oxidation is a source of oxidative stress in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited brain mitochondrial â-oxidation with methyl palmoxirate (MEP) and measured oxidative polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites in the rat brain. Upon MEP treatment, levels of several nonenzymatic auto-oxidative PUFA metabolites were reduced with few effects on enzymatically derived metabolites. Our finding confirms the hypothesis that reduced fatty acid â-oxidation decreases oxidative stress in the brain and â-oxidation inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for brain disorders associated with oxidative stress.
|
['Animals', 'Asphyxia', 'Brain', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Male', 'Microwaves', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Propionates', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 24,326,387
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.260.095', 'C26.103'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['D10.251.355'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oral habits, dental trauma, and occlusal characteristics among 4- to 12-year-old institutionalized orphan children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
|
The aim of this study was to assess the oral habit practices, dental trauma, and occlusal characteristics of 4- to 12-year-old orphans living in governmental orphanages in Riyadh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three government orphanages and three ordinary schools. All 90 orphans, residing in the orphanage, were included. Ninety schoolchildren were selected to serve as the controls. Demographic data, oral habit history, and dental trauma history were obtained through a questionnaire. All children were examined to confirm the presence of signs of oral habits, dental trauma, and associated occlusal characteristics. Pearson chi-square was used for statistical analysis. Orphans were found to have more digit sucking and oral self-mutilation habits; however, the control children were found to have more nail biting habit. Nearly 21% of the orphans had dental trauma compared to 10% of the control group. About 70% of the dental trauma affected permanent teeth among orphans, whereas, 85% affected primary teeth in the control children. Dental trauma increased as the orphans got older; however, it decreased significantly as the control children got older. Orphans were found to have more cross-bite, increased over-jet, and open-bite. Digit sucking habit was positively associated with class II molar relation, presence of posterior cross-bite, and open-bite. Orphans had increased prevalence of digit sucking habit, self-mutilation, dental trauma, and malocclusion.
|
['Child', 'Child, Orphaned', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Fingersucking', 'Habits', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malocclusion', 'Nail Biting', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Self Mutilation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tooth Injuries']
| 27,118,440
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.108'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.466.263'], ['F01.145.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.793.494'], ['F01.145.466.554'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['C26.780', 'F01.145.126.980.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C07.793.850', 'C26.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Eccentric contraction induces inflammatory responses in rat skeletal muscle: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
|
Eccentric contraction (EC) is known to elicit inflammation and damage in skeletal muscle. Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha plays an important role in this pathogenesis, but the time course of its response to EC and the regulatory mechanisms involved are not clear. The purpose of the study is twofold: 1) to investigate the gene expression of TNF-alpha in rat muscle during and after an acute bout of downhill running and the associated oxidoreductive (redox) changes; and 2) to examine whether EC activates muscle ubiquitin-proteolytic pathway resulting in necrosis and oxidative damage. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (age 3 mo) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) that ran on treadmill at 25 m/min at -10% grade for 1 h (group 1) or 2 h (group 2) and were killed immediately; ran for 2 h and killed at 6 h after exercise (group 3), ran for 2 h and killed at 24 h after exercise (group 4); and killed at rest as controls (group 5). TNF-alpha mRNA and protein content showed progressive increases in the deep portion of vastus lateralis (DVL) and gastrocnemius muscles during and after EC. These changes were accompanied by a progressive decrease of mitochondrial aconitase activity and NF-kappaB activation. After 2 h of exercise, elevated levels of serum TNF-alpha, endotoxin, creatine kinase, and lipid peroxidation marker were evident and persisted through 24 h postexercise. At 24 h, there were marked increases in H(2)O(2) concentration, myleoperoxidase activity, and endotoxin level, along with nuclear accumulation of p65, in both muscles. mRNA level of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E(2))-14k was progressively upregulated during exercise and recovery, whereas the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in DVL was downregulated in both muscles. We conclude that prolonged EC induces TNF-alpha expression possibly due to NF-kappaB activation stimulated by increased reactive oxygen species generation and endotoxin release. These inflammatory and prooxidative responses may underlie the processes of muscle proteolysis and oxidative damage.
|
['Aconitate Hydratase', 'Animals', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Endotoxemia', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myositis', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peroxidase', 'Physical Exertion', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes']
| 20,007,518
|
[['D08.811.520.241.300.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['C01.757.100.275', 'C01.861.375', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100.275'], ['G05.297'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651.594', 'C10.668.491.562'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['G11.427.683'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.464.938.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Racial disparities and sex-based outcomes differences after severe injury.
|
BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the mechanisms responsible for sex-based outcomes differences post-injury. X-chromosome-linked immune response pathway polymorphisms represent a potential mechanism resulting in sex-based outcomes differences post-injury. The prevalence of these variants is known to differ across race. We sought to characterize racial differences and the strength of any sex-based dimorphism post-injury.STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed using data derived from the National Trauma Data Bank 7.1 (2002-2006). Blunt-injured adult (older than 15 years) patients, surviving >24 hours and with an Injury Severity Score >16 were analyzed (n = 244,371). Patients were stratified by race (Caucasian, black, Hispanic, Asian) and multivariable regression analysis was used to characterize the risk of mortality and the strength of protection associated with sex (female vs male).RESULTS: When stratified by race, multivariable models demonstrated Caucasian females had an 8.5% lower adjusted risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95; p < 0.001) relative to Caucasian males, with no significant association found for Hispanics or blacks. An exaggerated survival benefit was afforded to Asian females relative to Asian males, having a >40% lower adjusted risk of mortality (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-78; p < 0.001). Asian males had a >75% higher adjusted risk of mortality relative to non-Asian males (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.5-2.0; p < 0.001), and no significant difference in the mortality risk was found for Asian females relative to non-Asian females.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Asian race is associated with sex-based outcomes differences that are exaggerated, resulting from worse outcomes for Asian males. These racial disparities suggest a negative male X-chromosome-linked effect as the mechanism responsible for these sex-based outcomes differences.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Female', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sex Factors', 'Trauma Severity Indices', 'United States', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 22,521,668
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['M01.686.508'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875', 'E05.944', 'N04.452.859.564.800', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C26']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A case of vocal cord nodules masking essential (voice) tremor.
|
Essential tremor is a progressive, potentially debilitating disorder that may be manifested in the voice only. In the case we report, the signs occurred concurrently with the voice characteristics of vocal cord nodules but were subtle. The mildness of the voice tremor precluded treatment at this time, although the results of medical management for the disorder have not been impressive. It is probable that some patients with severe essential (voice) tremor have undergone recurrent laryngeal nerve resection for the disorder.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Tremor', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Disorders', 'Voice Quality']
| 7,053,750
|
[['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.350.850', 'C23.888.592.350.850'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['C08.360.940', 'C09.400.940', 'C10.597.975', 'C23.888.592.979'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vertical augmentation of the posterior atrophic mandible by interpositional grafts in a split-mouth design: a human tomography evaluation pilot study.
|
OBJECTIVE: Using computed tomography, to compare vertical and volumetric bone augmentation after interposition grafting with bovine bone mineral matrix (GEISTLICH BIO-OSS® ) or hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (STRAUMANN® BONECERAMIC) for atrophic posterior mandible reconstruction through segmental osteotomy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven patients received interposition grafts in the posterior mandible for implant rehabilitation. The computed tomography cone beam images were analysed with OsiriX Imaging Software 6.5 (Pixmeo Geneva, Switzerland) in the pre-surgical period (T0), at 15 days post-surgery (T1) and at 180 days post-surgery (T2). The tomographic analysis was performed by a single trained and calibrated radiologist. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric methods were used to analyse the data.RESULTS: There was a significant difference in vertical and volume augmentation with both biomaterials using the technique (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in volume change of the graft, bone volume augmentation, or augmentation of the maximum linear vertical distance between the two analysed biomaterials.CONCLUSIONS: The GEISTLICH BIO-OSS® and STRAUMANN® BONECERAMIC interposition grafts exhibited similar and sufficient dimensional stability and volume gain for short implants in the atrophic posterior mandible.
|
['Alveolar Ridge Augmentation', 'Atrophy', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyapatites', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Minerals', 'Pilot Projects']
| 27,704,640
|
[['E04.545.550.100', 'E06.645.550.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300', 'D01.146.360.050.300', 'D01.578.122.477', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['D01.578'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quality monitoring of soft-copy displays for medical radiography.
|
As presentation of medical radiographic images on soft-copy displays (cathode ray tubes) becomes increasingly prevalent in electronic radiography, methods of quality assurance must be developed to ensure that radiologists can effectively transfer film-based reading skills. Luminance measurements provide the basis for evaluating the state of soft-copy displays. An integrated approach has been implemented at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR, Washington University, St Louis, MO) that facilitates measurement of geographically distributed soft-copy displays with centralized data logging, performance tracking, and calibration. MIR's central radiology image manager exercises the display station that drives the monitor, harvests the measurement data, stores the results, and submits the resulting data for additional processing. The luminance measurements are collected by a small, portable, photometric instrument designed at MIR that includes a serial port that is accessed via local area terminal service supported by the radiology image manager. The design details of the photometric instrument and example luminance characteristics of several soft-copy displays used at MIR are presented in this report.
|
['Computer Peripherals', 'Data Display', 'Humans', 'Quality Control', 'Radiology Information Systems']
| 1,520,742
|
[['L01.224.230.260.115'], ['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.608'], ['N04.452.515.825']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Extracellular matrix rigidity controls podosome induction in microvascular endothelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Podosomes are actin-based structures involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion and extracellular matrix degradation. They have been described in large vessel endothelial cells, but nothing is known concerning microvascular endothelial cells. Here, we focussed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), fenestrated microvascular cells that play major roles in liver physiology. Liver fibrosis induces a dedifferentiation of LSECs leading notably to a loss of fenestrae. Because liver fibrosis is associated with increased matrix stiffness, and because substrate stiffness is known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, we investigated the impact of matrix rigidity on podosome structures in LSECs.RESULTS: Using primary LSECs, we demonstrated that microvascular endothelial cells are able to form constitutive podosomes. Podosome presence in LSECs was independent of cytokines such as transforming growth factor-â or vascular endothelial growth factor, but could be modulated by matrix stiffness. As expected, LSECs lost their differentiated phenotype during cell culture, which was paralleled by a loss of podosomes. LSECs however retained the capacity to form active podosomes following detachment/reseeding or actin-destabilising drug treatments. Finally, constitutive podosomes were also found in primary microvascular endothelial cells from other organs.CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that microvascular endothelial cells are able to form podosomes without specific stimulation. Our data suggest that the major determinant of podosome induction in these cells is substrate rigidity.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Microvessels', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 23,106,484
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['A07.015.461'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of glyceroltriheptanoate as marker for processed animal by-products: development and validation of an analytical method.
|
A recently published European Regulation requires that the artificial marker, glycerol triheptanoate (GTH), be added to processed animal by-product (ABPs) prohibited from entering the food chain. The objective of this new requirement is to allow full traceability and ensure that these materials are disposed of in a proper way. Here, we report the development and single-laboratory validation of an analytical method for the determination of GTH in meat and bone meal plus animal fat. The method comprises three steps: (1) extraction of GTH from the samples with petroleum ether when analysing meat and bone meal or dissolving the sample in n-hexane when analysing fat; (2) clean-up of the extract using commercially available SPE cartridges; (3) determination of GTH by GC/MS or GC with flame ionisation detection (FID). The results of the validation study demonstrated that the relative standard for intermediate precision varied between 2.5 and 8.2%, depending on GTH concentration and the detector utilised. In all cases, the relative recovery rate was above 96%. The limit of quantification was 16 mg kg(-1) (GTH/fat content of the sample) with MS as detector and 20 mg kg(-1) with FID. Moreover, the method has been successfully applied in a second laboratory, indicating its transferability. Considering the minimum GTH concentration in ABPs of 250 mg kg(-1), the method is considered suitable for the intended purpose and can be utilised by EU Member States laboratories for official control and monitoring.
|
['Animals', 'Food Chain', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Limit of Detection', 'Meat Products', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Triglycerides']
| 19,680,920
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['G07.203.300.600.500', 'J02.500.600.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biomechanical analysis of axial distraction mobilization of the glenohumeral joint--a cadaver study.
|
The axial distraction mobilization techniques are frequently employed for treating patients with joint hypomobility. However, there is a lack of basic biomechanical studies and description of this procedure. The purpose of this study was to analyze humeral head displacement while performing an axial distraction mobilization of the glenohumeral joint. Twelve experienced orthopedic physical therapists participated. Distraction mobilization techniques were performed in three different positions of glenohumeral abduction on a fresh cadaveric specimen. Outcome measures were displacements of the humeral head center during distraction mobilization. Result indicated that displacement of the humeral head was largest in the resting position (27.38 mm) followed by the neutral (22.01 mm) and the end range position (9.34 mm). There were significant differences for both the displacement of the humeral head (p<0.002) and the distraction forces used (p<0.015) among the three joint positions. Greater gain in mobility was obtained in distraction at the end range position. In conclusion, during distraction mobilization, the force applied by the therapist and displacement of the humeral head depends on the joint position tested. Our results also provide rationales for choosing end range distraction mobilization for improving joint mobility.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bursitis', 'Cadaver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Musculoskeletal Manipulations', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Shoulder Impingement Syndrome', 'Shoulder Joint']
| 18,805,038
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C05.550.251'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.599', 'E02.779.867', 'E02.831.535.867'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['C05.550.840', 'C26.803.500'], ['A02.835.583.748']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human thymocytes become lineage committed at an early postselection CD69+ stage, before the onset of functional maturation.
|
Mature functional CD4 or CD8 single positive (SP) thymocytes differentiate from immature CD4+ 8+ double positive (DP) precursors through a process of positive selection and terminal differentiation. To study CD4/CD8 lineage commitment, human postselection CD69+ thymocytes were separated into distinct subpopulations based on the differential expression of CD27, CD1, and CD45RA/RO. We demonstrate that these CD69+ subpopulations represent transitional stages of a common differentiation pathway during which CD69+ thymocytes that are initially CD27- CD1+ CD45RA- will sequentially up-regulate CD27, down-regulate CD1, and eventually acquire CD45RA upon maturation. Examination of CD4 and CD8 expression on these CD69+ subsets identified an early postselection CD69+ CD27- CD4SP population that gives rise to both CD4SP and CD8SP mature T cells when cultured in mouse thymus organs. In addition, a CD4+ 8+ DP population was identified that is CD69+ and CD27+, which only gives rise to CD8SP progeny upon culture. Although these results suggest that development of CD4SP and CD8SP cells may proceed through distinct intermediates, examination of active biosynthesis of CD4 and CD8 by the various subsets demonstrated that cells that have selectively terminated CD4 synthesis are already present in the CD27- CD4SP and CD27+ DP populations before culture. These data support a model of thymocyte differentiation whereby the decision of thymocytes to differentiate into one or the other lineage occurs concomitantly with, or very soon after, acquisition of CD69 and before the cells acquire CD27, down-regulate CD1, or acquire functional properties.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, CD1', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'CD3 Complex', 'CD4 Antigens', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8 Antigens', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Coculture Techniques', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fetus', 'Genes, RAG-1', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Stem Cells', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7']
| 9,550,395
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080', 'D23.101.100.110.100', 'D23.101.100.894.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.108', 'D23.101.100.894.108'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.152'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A16.378'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.400'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.048', 'D23.050.301.264.894.127', 'D23.101.100.894.127']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Serotonin receptor blockade potentiates behavioural effects of beta-phenylethylamine.
|
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor blocker, methysergide (10 mg/kg), was found to potentiate the behavioural effects of beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) (at doses between 20 and 60 mg/kg) on food reinforced schedule-maintained behaviour in two separate experiments involving a fixed interval 2 min schedule and a fixed ratio 20 schedule. Potentiation caused a parallel shift to the left in the log dose response curve for suppression of responding induced by phenylethylamine, and was observed in both male and female rats. These data contrast with recent reports indicating that inhibition of functioning of 5HT systems blocks the effects of phenylethylamine in inducing the "Serotonin behavioural syndrome" (Sloviter et al., 1980a: Dourish, 1981). However, the potentiation reported here is compatible with frequent reports indicating that behavioural effects of amphetamine (alpha-methyl-PEA) can be potentiated by reduction in 5HT functioning and are thus compatible with the hypothesis that phenylethylamine is a potential "endogenous amphetamine".
|
['Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Drug Synergism', 'Male', 'Methysergide', 'Phenethylamines', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Serotonin']
| 7,155,309
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D03.132.327.287.689', 'D03.633.400.439.689'], ['D02.092.471.683'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cost approach of health care entity intangible asset valuation.
|
In the valuation synthesis and conclusion process, the analyst should consider the following question: Does the selected valuation approach(es) and method(s) accomplish the analyst's assignment? Also, does the selected valuation approach and method actually quantify the desired objective of the intangible asset analysis? The analyst should also consider if the selected valuation approach and method analyzes the appropriate bundle of legal rights. The analyst should consider if there were sufficient empirical data available to perform the selected valuation approach and method. The valuation synthesis should consider if there were sufficient data available to make the analyst comfortable with the value conclusion. The valuation analyst should consider if the selected approach and method will be understandable to the intended audience. In the valuation synthesis and conclusion, the analyst should also consider which approaches and methods deserve the greatest consideration with respect to the intangible asset's RUL. The intangible asset RUL is a consideration of each valuation approach. In the income approach, the RUL may affect the projection period for the intangible asset income subject to either yield capitalization or direct capitalization. In the cost approach, the RUL may affect the total amount of obsolescence, if any, from the estimate cost measure (that is, the intangible reproduction cost new or replacement cost new). In the market approach, the RUL may effect the selection, rejection, and/or adjustment of the comparable or guideline intangible asset sale and license transactional data. The experienced valuation analyst will use professional judgment to weight the various value indications to conclude a final intangible asset value, based on: The analyst's confidence in the quantity and quality of available data; The analyst's level of due diligence performed on that data; The relevance of the valuation method to the intangible asset life cycle stage and degree of marketability; and The degree of variation in the range of value indications. Valuation analysts value health care intangible assets for a number of reasons. In addition to regulatory compliance reasons, these reasons include various transaction, taxation, financing, litigation, accounting, bankruptcy, and planning purposes. The valuation analyst should consider all generally accepted intangible asset valuation approaches, methods, and procedures. Many valuation analysts are more familiar with market approach and income approach valuation methods. However, there are numerous instances when cost approach valuation methods are also applicable to the health care intangible asset valuation. This discussion summarized the analyst's procedures and considerations with regard to the cost approach. The cost approach is often applicable to the valuation of intangible assets in the health care industry. However, the cost approach is only applicable if the valuation analyst (1) appropriately considers all of the cost components and (2) appropriately identifies and quantifies all obsolescence allowances. Regardless of the health care intangible asset or the reason for the valuation, the analyst should be familiar with all generally accepted valuation approaches and methods. And, the valuation analyst should have a clear, convincing, and cogent rationale for (1) accepting each approach and method applied and (2) rejecting each approach and method not applied. That way, the valuation analyst will best achieve the purpose and objective of the health care intangible asset valuation.
|
['Accounting', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Data Collection', 'Financial Management', 'Health Facility Administration', 'Humans']
| 23,971,139
|
[['N03.219.463.030'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N03.219.463'], ['N02.278.216', 'N04.452.442'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of two survey methodologies to assess vaccination coverage.
|
BACKGROUND: Measuring vaccination coverage permits evaluation and appropriate targeting of vaccination services. The cluster survey methodology developed by the World Health Organization, known as the 'Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) methodology', has been used worldwide to assess vaccination coverage; however, the manner in which households are selected has been criticized by survey statisticians as lacking methodological rigor and introducing bias.METHODS: Thirty clusters were selected from an urban (Ambo) and a rural (Yaya-Gulelena D/Libanos) district of Ethiopia; vaccination coverage surveys were conducted using both EPI sampling and systematic random sampling (SystRS) of households. Chi-square tests were used to compare results from the two methodologies; relative feasibility of the sampling methodologies was assessed.RESULTS: Vaccination coverage from a recent measles campaign among children aged 6 months through 14 years was high: 95% in Ambo (both methodologies), 91 and 94% (SystRS and EPI sampling, respectively, P-value = 0.05) in Yaya-Gulelena D/Libanos. Coverage with routine vaccinations among children aged 12-23 months was <20% in both districts; in Ambo, EPI sampling produced consistently higher estimates of routine coverage than SystRS. Differences between the two methods were found in demographic characteristics and recent health histories. Average time required to complete a cluster was 16h for EPI sampling and 17 h for SystRS; total cost was equivalent. Interviewers reported slightly more difficulty conducting SystRS.CONCLUSIONS: Because of the methodological advantages and demonstrated feasibility, SystRS would be preferred to EPI sampling in most situations. Validating results in additional settings is recommended.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Ethiopia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Measles', 'Measles Vaccine', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Vaccination']
| 17,420,165
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.500.500'], ['D20.215.894.899.404'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Notch signaling suppresses IgH gene expression in chicken B cells: implication in spatially restricted expression of Serrate2/Notch1 in the bursa of Fabricius.
|
The bursa of Fabricius is a central organ for chicken B cell development and provides an essential microenvironment for expansion of the B cell pool and for generation of a diversified B cell repertoire. We report here that genes encoding the Notch family of transmembrane proteins, key regulators of cell fate determination in development, are differentially expressed in the bursa of Fabricius: Notch1 is expressed in medullary B cells located close to the basement membrane-associated epithelium (BMAE). In contrast, a Notch ligand, Serrate2, is expressed exclusively in the BMAE, which surrounds bursal medulla. A basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor, Hairy1, a downstream target of Notch signaling, is expressed in the bursa coordinately with Notch1 and Serrate2 and an immature B cell line, TLT1, which expresses both Notch1 and Serrate2. Furthermore, stable expression of a constitutively active form of chicken Notch1 or Notch2 in a B cell line results in a down-regulation of surface IgM expression, which is accompanied by the reduction of IgH gene transcripts. Transient reporter assay with the human IgH gene intronic enhancer reveals that an active form of Notch1 inhibits the IgH enhancer activity in chicken B cells, suggesting that Notch-mediated signals suppress the IgH gene expression via influencing the IgH intronic enhancer. These findings raise the possibility that the local activation of Notch1 in a subset of B cells by Serrate2 expressed in BMAE may influence the cell fate decision that is involved in B cell differentiation and selection inside the bursa.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Bursa of Fabricius', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Chickens', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Introns', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Notch1', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transcription Factors']
| 11,207,282
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['A10.549.175', 'A13.163', 'A15.382.520.604.114'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.725.500', 'D12.776.930.770.500'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Medical palliative therapy of meningiosis carcinomatosa of breast carcinoma with dissociated response in lumbar methotrexate instillation].
|
CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who suffered from breast cancer and developed meningeal carcinomatosis of the brain stem with deafness and blindness. Radiotherapy was given but led to remarkable deterioration of the condition and strong headache. We performed intrathecal therapy with methotrexate (MTX) via lumbar application. Under this regimen, the patient immediately showed complete improvement of the headache and a partial recovery of hearing. There were no side effects apart from alopecia. MTX concentrations in liquor and blood were remarkably inconsistent. 4 weeks after MTX therapy, MRT revealed partial remission of the meningiosis of the brain stem but progression on both hemispheres. 5 weeks after the beginning of the intrathecal therapy, the patient died.CONCLUSION: Despite pharmacokinetic problems we consider lumbar intrathecal therapy with MTX a suitable procedure for patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and poor performance status.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Palliative Care', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,603,118
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An active-site cysteine of sorghum leaf NADP-malate dehydrogenase studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
|
The chloroplast NADP-malate dehydrogenase is activated through the reduction of two different disulfides per subunit. The activated enzyme, as well as a permanently active mutant where all four regulatory cysteines were replaced are still sensitive to thiol reagents. This observation suggested the presence of an additional important cysteine at the active site. In an attempt to identify that cysteine, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the cDNA encoding sorghum leaf NADP-malate dehydrogenase. The replacement of Cys-175 by an alanine yielded an enzyme whose sensitivity to thiol reagents was markedly decreased whereas its catalytic activity was enhanced. This finding suggests that Cys-175 has no catalytic function but is located close to the active site.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cysteine', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Iodoacetamide', 'Kinetics', 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'Malate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Plant Leaves', 'Poaceae', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sulfhydryl Reagents']
| 8,612,735
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D02.065.064.400', 'D02.241.081.018.110.400', 'D02.241.081.018.487.249', 'D02.455.526.581.247.249'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.496'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.498'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D27.720.470.410.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Action of treosulfan in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and human lymphocytes.
|
Treosulfan (dihydroxybusulfane, DHB, L-threitol-1,4-bis [methane sulfonate]) is a cytostatic alkylating agent with a favorable profile of side effects. Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in DA (RT1(av1)) rats resembles multiple sclerosis (MS) in many aspects since central nervous system (CNS) pathology shows inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Moreover, DA rats develop a chronic disease course. We here explored the efficacy of treosulfan in the treatment of MOG-induced EAE in DA rats. A single dose of treosulfan (1 g/kg body weight i.p.) at the day of immunization significantly reduced disease severity compared with PBS-treated controls. In addition, after disease had evolved, a single dose of treosulfan (1 g/kg body weight) given i.p. on day 14 post-immunization (p.i.) improved long-term disease outcome. Treatment with treosulfan resulted in reduced mRNA expression of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in draining lymph nodes and reduced numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting MOG-specific T cells. No myelosuppression was observed. Treosulfan was applied to different subsets of cultured human blood mononuclear cells in order to asses the effects on human immune cells in vitro: Treosulfan reduced proliferative capacity and increased apoptosis in T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In light of the beneficial effects in EAE in vivo and the in vitro immunosuppressive and pro-apoptotic capacities in cultured human mononuclear immune effector cells, these data may support a potential role of treosulfan, an agent with high immunosuppressive capacity and low toxicity, in the treatment of MS.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigen Presentation', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Busulfan', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monocytes', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 14,597,095
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D02.033.455.125.125', 'D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.100'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.114.500', 'D12.776.543.550.195.500', 'D12.776.543.620.550', 'D12.776.631.580.530', 'D23.050.422.625'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intravesical self-tying knots in suprapubic catheters: a report of two cases.
|
We present two cases in which intravesical, self-tying knots occurred when the Cystofix catheter was used for suprapubic catheterization in two male boys admitted for hypospadias surgery. This complication of suprapubic catheterization is most likely due to the pigtail end of the catheter, and should be considered when removal is difficult.
|
['Catheters, Indwelling', 'Device Removal', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure', 'Humans', 'Hypospadias', 'Male', 'Urinary Catheterization']
| 17,853,022
|
[['E07.132.500'], ['E04.199'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494.400', 'C12.706.516', 'C13.351.875.466', 'C16.131.939.516'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Methods of augmentation of antidepressant therapy (on the model of complex therapy with the inclusion of actovegin) in gerontopsychiatric hospital].
|
AIM: Increasing the effectiveness of treatment of elderly depressed patients in the conditions of the gerontopsychiatric hospital by augmentation of actovegin to antidepressants of new generations (fluvoxamine, venlafaxine or agomelatine).MATERIAL AND METHODS: The efficacy of the therapy was compared in two groups of 21 patients aged 60 to 79 years with mild to moderate depression in ICD-10 receiving 8-week antidepressant mono- or combined therapy with actovegin. The effectiveness criteria were changes in the mean total scores on the HAMD-17, HARS, CGI scales, as well as the proportion of respondents and the quality of getting out of depression. Cognitive activity was assessed using MMSE, 10 word memory tests and drawing of clock.RESULTS: It has been established that the use of complex antidepressants therapy with the inclusion of actovegin allows for a more rapid and pronounced therapeutic effect compared to monotherapy with antidepressants. This is confirmed earlier (by the 4th week) and significant reduction of depressive and anxious symptoms (p<0.01), a greater number of responders and better quality of depressive outcomes by the end of treatment. In patients with complex therapy, there was also a faster improvement in cognitive functioning.CONCLUSION: Obtained results allow us to recommend the inclusion of actovegin in the antidepressant therapy regimen of elderly in-patients with the aim of achieving a faster and fuller therapeutic response and shortening hospitalization.
|
['Aged', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Heme', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 30,346,435
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Disruption of the GH Receptor Gene in Adult Mice Increases Maximal Lifespan in Females.
|
GH and IGF-1 are important for a variety of physiological processes including growth, development, and aging. Mice with reduced levels of GH and IGF-1 have been shown to live longer than wild-type controls. Our laboratory has previously found that mice with a GH receptor gene knockout (GHRKO) from conception exhibit low rates of cancer, resistance to diet-induced diabetes, and extension of lifespan. The GHRKO mouse as well as other mouse lines with reduced GH action display low IGF-1 levels, smaller body size, increased adiposity, and increased longevity. To date, nearly all of these mouse strains carry germline mutations. Importantly, the effect of a long-term suppression of the GH/IGF-1 axis during adulthood, as would be considered for human therapeutic purposes, has not been tested. The goal of this study was to determine whether temporally controlled Ghr gene deletion in adult mice would affect metabolism and longevity. Thus, we produced adult-onset GHRKO (aGHRKO) mice by disrupting the Ghr gene at 6 weeks of age. We found that aGHRKO mice replicate many of the beneficial effects observed in long-lived GHRKO mice. For example, aGHRKO mice, like GHRKO animals, displayed retarded growth and high adiposity with improved insulin sensitivity. Importantly, female aGHRKO animals showed an increase in their maximal lifespan, whereas the lifespan of male aGHRKO mice was not different from controls.
|
['Adiposity', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptors, Somatotropin', 'Sex Factors', 'Signal Transduction']
| 27,732,088
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.555.770', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Acute conduction block associated with experimental antiserum-mediated demyelination of peripheral nerve.
|
Intraneural injection of antisera from rabbits with high antigalactocerebroside antibody levels into rat sciatic nerve produced acute nerve conduction block. This was first apparent in some motor axons between 30 and 60 minutes after injection and progressed to completion within 2 to 4 hours. Concurrent morphological evidence of demyelination was present, but structural changes at the time of onset of block were mild and were restricted to the myelin and Schwann cell, particularly at the paranodal areas and Schmidt-Lanterman clefts. It is suggested that paranodal lesions could account for the observed conduction block.
|
['Animals', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Immune Sera', 'Male', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neural Conduction', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Tibial Nerve']
| 6,285,800
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.314'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['C10.668.829'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diversity and Function of Maternal HIV-1-Specific Antibodies at the Time of Vertical Transmission.
|
Infants of HIV-positive mothers can acquire HIV infection by various routes, but even in the absence of antiviral treatment, the majority of these infants do not become infected. There is evidence that maternal antibodies provide some protection from infection, but gestational maternal antibodies have not yet been characterized in detail. One of the most studied vertically infected infants is BG505, as the virus from this infant yielded an Envelope protein that was successfully developed as a stable trimer. Here, we isolated and characterized 39 HIV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) from MG505, the mother of BG505, at a time point just prior to vertical transmission. These nAbs belonged to 21 clonal families and employed a variety of VH genes. Many were specific for the HIV-1 Env V3 loop, and this V3 specificity correlated with measurable antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. The isolated nAbs did not recapitulate the full breadth of heterologous or autologous virus neutralization by contemporaneous plasma. Notably, we found that the V3-targeting nAb families neutralized one particular maternal Env variant, even though all tested variants had low V3 sequence diversity and were measurably bound by these nAbs. None of the nAbs neutralized BG505 transmitted virus. Furthermore, the MG505 nAb families were found at relatively low frequencies within the maternal B cell repertoire; all were less than 0.25% of total IgG sequences. Our findings illustrate an example of the diversity of HIV-1 nAbs within one mother, cumulatively resulting in a collection of antibody specificities that can contribute to the transmission bottleneck.IMPORTANCE Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 offers a unique setting in which maternal antibodies both within the mother and passively transferred to the infant are present at the time of viral exposure. Untreated HIV-exposed human infants are infected at a rate of 30 to 40%, meaning that some infants do not get infected despite continued exposure to virus. Since the potential of HIV-specific immune responses to provide protection against HIV is a central goal of HIV vaccine design, understanding the nature of maternal antibodies may provide insights into immune mechanisms of protection. In this study, we isolated and characterized HIV-specific antibodies from the mother of an infant whose transmitted virus has been well studied.
|
['AIDS Vaccines', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'HIV Antibodies', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 32,075,936
|
[['D20.215.894.899.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.150.440', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.440'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Disturbed sleep patterns in elders with mild cognitive impairment: the role of memory decline and ApoE å4 genotype.
|
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in patients with Alzheimer' disease (AD), being one of the most troubling symptoms during the progression of disease. However, little research has been made to determine if impaired sleep patterns appear years before AD diagnosis. This study tries to shed light on this issue by performing polysomnographic recordings in healthy elders and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We further investigated whether changes in sleep patterns parallel memory decline as well as its relationship with the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ?4 genotype. Results showed a significant shortening of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep together with increased fragmentations of slow-wave sleep in MCI patients relative to healthy elders. Interestingly, we further showed that reduction of REM sleep in MCI patients with ApoE ?4 was more noticeable than in ?4 non-carriers. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, changes in sleep patterns were not correlated with memory performance in MCI patients. Instead, increased REM sleep accompanied enhanced immediate recall in MCI ?4 non-carriers. Taken together, these results suggest that sleep disruptions are evident years before diagnosis of AD, which may have implications for early detection of dementia and/or therapeutic management of sleep complaints in MCI patients.
|
['Aged', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 22,211,488
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of polylactides with different stereoregularity using electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry.
|
We investigated the effect of stereoregularity on the gas-phase conformations of linear and cyclic polylactides (PLA) using electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MS) combined with molecular dynamics simulations. IM-MS analysis of PLA ions shows intriguing difference between the collision cross section (ÙD) value of poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and poly-LD-lactide (PLDLA) ions with respect to their chain architecture and stereoregularity. In the singly sodiated linear PLA (l-PLA?Na(+)) case, both l-PLLA and l-PLDLA up to 11mer have very similar ÙD values, but the ÙD values of l-PLLA are greater than that of l-PLDLA ions for larger ions. In the case of cyclic PLA (c-PLA), c-PLLA?Na(+) is more compact than c-PLDLA?Na(+) for short PLA ions. However, c-PLLA exhibits larger ÙD value than c-PLDLA for PLA ions longer than 13mer. The origin of difference in the ÙD values was investigated using theoretical investigation of PLAs in the gas phase. The gas-phase conformation of PLA ions is influenced by Na(+)-oxygen coordination and the weak intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction, which are more effectively formed in more flexible chains. Therefore, the less flexible PLLA has a larger ÙD value than PLDLA. However, for short c-PLA, concomitant maximization of both Na(+)-oxygen coordination and hydrogen bond interaction is difficult due to the constricted chain freedom, which makes the ÙD value of PLAs in this range show a different trend compared with other PLA ions. Our study facilitates the understanding of correlation between stereoregularity of PLAs and their structure, providing potential utility of IM-MS to characterize stereoisomers of polymers.
|
['Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Polyesters', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 25,001,385
|
[['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Lymphectomy for well differentiated or "aggressive" thyroid malignancies. Indications, complications and results of our experience].
|
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of lymphectomy in the treatment of well differentiated and aggressive carcinomas of the thyroid gland. From 1987 to 2002, 231 patients were operated on in our Division; 97 were male (42%) and 134 female (58%), with a mean age of 48 years (range 17-45). One hundred and ninety-four patients had well differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and 37 aggressive thyroid cancer. We performed a follow-up on 171/231 patients (74%) who underwent surgery from 1997 to 1998. Among the 143 patients with well differentiated neoplasms, 93 were treated with total thyroidectomy (65%), and 50 with total thyroidectomy with simultaneous or subsequent lymphectomy (35%); 92 patients underwent postsurgical radiomethabolic therapy (64%). Two patients developed non-functional metastases and died because of disease progression. Of the 28 patients affected by aggressive tumours, 8 underwent total thyroidectomy (29%) and 20 total thyroidectomy with simultaneous or subsequent central lymphectomy (71 %). All 28 patients with aggressive malignancies underwent postsurgical radiomethabolic therapy (100%). Three patients developed diffuse non-functional metastases and died because of disease progression.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 15,916,139
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The rulB gene of plasmid pWW0 is a hotspot for the site-specific insertion of integron-like elements found in the chromosomes of environmental Pseudomonas fluorescens group bacteria.
|
The rulAB operon of Pseudomonas spp. confers fitness traits on the host and has been suggested to be a hotspot for insertion of mobile elements that carry avirulence genes. Here, for the first time, we show that rulB on plasmid pWW0 is a hotspot for the active site-specific integration of related integron-like elements (ILEs) found in six environmental pseudomonads (strains FH1-FH6). Integration into rulB on pWW0 occurred at position 6488 generating a 3 bp direct repeat. ILEs from FH1 and FH5 were 9403 bp in length and contained eight open reading frames (ORFs), while the ILE from FH4 was 16 233 bp in length and contained 16 ORFs. In all three ILEs, the first 5.1 kb (containing ORFs 1-4) were structurally conserved and contained three predicted site-specific recombinases/integrases and a tetR homologue. Downstream of these resided ORFs of the 'variable side' with structural and sequence similarity to those encoding survival traits on the fitness enhancing plasmid pGRT1 (ILE(FH1) and ILE(FH5)) and the NR-II virulence region of genomic island PAGI-5 (ILE(FH4)). Collectively, these ILEs share features with the previously described type III protein secretion system effector ILEs and are considered important to host survival and transfer of fitness enhancing and (a)virulence genes between bacteria.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Genetic Fitness', 'Genomic Islands', 'Integrons', 'Microbial Viability', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Operon', 'Plasmids', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']
| 24,286,439
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.347'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.330', 'G05.360.080.708.330.330', 'G05.360.340.024.425.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.200.500'], ['G06.580'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.325', 'B03.660.250.580.590.210']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calcium transport across the pars recta of cortical segment 2 proximal tubules.
|
Partes rectae of cortical segment 2 proximal tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in vitro. Ca concentrations of perfused and collected fluids were measured by continuous-flow microcolorimetry. Epithelial Ca permeability (P) was estimated from the bath-to-lumen movement of 45Ca. The transepithelial voltage (psi) and [Ca2+] difference were varied simultaneously by changing perfusate composition. Tubules that were perfused and bathed with an identical artificial ultrafiltrate of plasma displayed a lumen-negative psi, a collectate [Ca] greater than perfusate, and net Ca secretion. Tubules perfused with "late" proximal tubule fluid (high [Cl], low [HCO3], low concentrations of Na+-cotransported solutes) demonstrated a lumen-positive psi, a perfusate [Ca2+] greater than the bath, a collectate [Ca] less than perfusate, and net Ca absorption. Under each of these conditions, net Ca flux was in the direction predicted by the experimentally measured driving forces for diffusional Ca transport. Tubules that were cooled while being perfused with late proximal tubule fluid showed an increased lumen-positive psi but reduced net Ca absorption. The latter finding was consistent with reduced Ca ion diffusion related to a smaller P at the lower temperature. I conclude that Ca2+ diffusion is an important component of net Ca absorption in this segment of the nephron.
|
['Absorption', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium', 'Cold Temperature', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rabbits']
| 3,766,746
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['A10.272'], ['G02.300'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Solanum tuberosum L., Potato.
|
Potato is considered the fourth most important food crop in the world, and the most important non-cereal crop. Potato is transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with relative ease. Several improvements have been made in the last 20 years with respect to tissue culture, transformation, and regeneration of potato. This chapter describes a reliable and efficient potato transformation system using internodal explants. Plasmid preparation, Agrobacterium transformation, potato transformation, regeneration, and recovery are described in detail, as well as molecular characterization of resulting putative transgenic plants.
|
['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Plasmids', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 30,415,339
|
[['B03.440.400.425.700.024.050', 'B03.660.050.662.024.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Dynamics and physiological significance of GABA-system activation in brain and cardiac muscle during emotional-pain stress].
|
Effect of emotional-painful stress (EPS) on activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system was studied in animal brain hemispheres and heart muscle. Activation of the GABA-system, developed in brain and heart tissues after EPS, exhibited various physiological importance in the tissues. In brain tissue activation of the GABA-system occurred together with inhibition of FAD-dependent oxidation of succinate in tricarboxylic acid cycle and therefore it might lead to an increased accumulation of the inhibitory metabolite gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, which is important in limitation of the stress stimulation. In heart muscle activation of the GABA-system was realized simultaneously with an increase in FAD-dependent oxidation of succinate and could represent the shunt, which enables to produce the additional amount of succinate, in spite of inhibition of NAD-dependent oxidation of alpha ketoglutarate in tricarboxylic acid cycle. The functioning of the GABA-system as the shunt, responsible for high intensity of FAD-dependent oxidation, might be important both in sufficient resynthesis of ATP in heart muscle and in formation of additional amount of NADPH, essential for biosynthesis.
|
['4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Humans', 'Myocardium', 'Pain', 'Rats', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Stress, Psychological', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 7,193,380
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.200'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G07.775'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Mycoplasma pneumoniae myopericarditis in children].
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae myocarditis is a rare condition, potentially very serious and seldom described in children. It is classically attributed to direct invasion or to an indirect immunological mechanism. The authors report the case of a 10 year old boy with myopericarditis, proved by authentic seroconversion, complicating congenital mitro-aortic valvular disease. In this case, the spectacular response to steroid therapy was in favour of an indirect immunological causal mechanism of the left ventricular dysfunction and pericardial involvement.
|
['Child', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae', 'Myocarditis', 'Pericarditis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,802,744
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.650'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['C14.280.720'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Child and adolescent injury in the United States: how occupational injuries fit in.
|
Injury is the leading cause of death in adolescence, with the highest rates for 15- to 19-year-olds, an age span also marked, for many, by entry into the workforce. Occupational injuries affecting youth occur in the context of the larger problem of injury affecting children and adolescents. An understanding of the broader context can help to guide efforts to control occupational injuries. Nonfatal injuries vastly exceed fatal ones, but more is known about the latter. Injuries are the leading cause of death in the U.S. for ages 1 to 44 years. The proportion of child and adolescent deaths due to injury has risen for several decades; injury rates have been stable while deaths from natural causes have declined. Injury patterns vary with age, race, and sex, and also internationally. The two leading causes of injury deaths for U.S. adolescents are motor vehicle occupant injury (related largely to alcohol) and homicide (related largely to firearms). Contemporary injury prevention approaches focus on means to prevent the transfer of damaging amounts of energy to potential victims. The most effective approaches are passive (engineering/environmental) and/or require one-time-only behaviors. Prevention of child and adolescent occupational injuries will need to build on approaches that have been successful for other child and adolescent injuries, as well ones that have been successful for adult occupational injuries. A multidisciplinary approach will be needed.
|
['Accident Prevention', 'Accidents, Occupational', 'Adolescent', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'United States', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 8,238,030
|
[['N06.850.135.060'], ['N06.850.135.240'], ['M01.060.057'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C26']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Two-mechanism peak concentration model for cellular pharmacodynamics of Doxorubicin.
|
A mathematical model is presented for the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The model assumes sigmoidal, Hill-type dependence of cell survival on drug-induced damage. Experimental evidence indicates distinct intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Drug-induced damage is therefore expressed as the sum of two terms, representing the peak values over time of concentrations of intracellular and extracellular drugs. Dependence of cell kill on peak values of concentration rather than on an integral over time is consistent with observations that dose-response curves for doxorubicin converge to a single curve as exposure time is increased. Drug uptake by cells is assumed to include both saturable and unsaturable components, consistent with experimental data. Overall, the model provides better fits to in vitro cytotoxicity data than previous models. It shows how saturation of cellular uptake or binding with concentration can result in plateaus in the dose-response curve at high concentrations and short exposure, as observed experimentally in some cases. The model provides a unified framework for analyzing doxorubicin cellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, and can be applied in mathematical models for tumor response and treatment optimization.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Area Under Curve', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Doxorubicin', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Time Factors']
| 16,026,650
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epicardial coronary artery constriction with intravenous ethanol.
|
Although in vitro studies have demonstrated ethanol-induced coronary artery constriction, in vivo reports suggest an ethanol-related coronary dilator effect with increases in coronary blood flow. The principal difference in these studies is the demonstration of epicardial coronary constriction with ethanol, while dilation is described only in resistance vessels. Clinical studies have noted evidence of myocardial ischemia following ethanol ingestion in patients with coronary artery disease, suggesting ethanol-related constriction of diseased epicardial coronary arteries. This study hypothesized that intravenous ethanol would constrict canine epicardial coronary arteries while producing arteriolar resistance vessel dilatation. Ten closed-chest mongrel dogs weighing 24 +/- 1 kg (mean +/- SEM) were given 8 g of ethanol intravenously over 30 min. Left anterior descending and circumflex proximal artery diameters were measured by quantitative coronary angiography; myocardial flow was measured by Xenon washout, and myocardial flow distribution was measured with radioactive microspheres. Baseline proximal left anterior descending and circumflex artery areas were 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 5.8 +/- 0.4 mm2, respectively. Up to 30% left anterior descending and circumflex proximal artery narrowing was noted at 60 and 90 min following ethanol infusion. The constriction was reversed with nitroglycerin. There was a decrease in left anterior descending artery flow but no change in circumflex artery flow at 60 min. Blood ethanol level varied from 520 micrograms/ml initially to 205 micrograms/ml 90 min after the infusion terminated (intoxication = 1500 micrograms/ml). These data suggest that ethanol has significant vasoconstrictor action in vivo on epicardial coronary arteries.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Animals', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dogs', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Ethanol', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Vascular Resistance', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 2,707,911
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['G09.330.380.921'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of muscle phosphofructokinase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is differently affected by other regulatory metabolites.
|
Fructose-2,6-P2 and fructose-1,6-P2 are strong activators of muscle phosphofructokinase. They have been shown to be competitive in binding studies, and it is generally thought that they affect the physical and catalytic properties of the enzyme in the same manner. However, there are indications in published data that the effects of the two fructose bisphosphates on phosphofructokinase are not identical. To examine this possibility, the kinetics of activation of rat skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase by the two fructose bisphosphates were compared in the presence of other regulatory metabolites. Citrate greatly increased the K0.5 of the enzyme for fructose-2,6-P2, with little effect on the maximum activation. In contrast, citrate greatly decreased the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2, with only a small effect on the K0.5. Changes in the concentrations of the inhibitor ATP or the activator AMP similarly altered the K0.5 for fructose-2,6-P2, but altered the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2. Finally, when fructose-1,6-P2 was added in the presence of a given concentration of fructose-2,6-P2, phosphofructokinase activity was decreased if the activation by fructose-2,6-P2 alone was greater than the maximum activation by fructose-1,6-P2 alone. These results are consistent with competition of the two fructose bisphosphates for the same binding site, but indicate that the conformational changes produced by their binding are different.
|
['Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Citrates', 'Citric Acid', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fructosediphosphates', 'Hexosediphosphates', 'Kinetics', 'Muscles', 'Phosphofructokinase-1', 'Rats']
| 3,159,721
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['D02.241.081.901.434.249'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D09.894.417.313.300', 'D09.894.417.592.300'], ['D09.894.417.592'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.225.850.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association Between Acute Infectious Mononucleosis and Vitamin D Deficiency.
|
Epstein-Barr virus and vitamin D both have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D influences both innate and adaptive immune responses and has been linked to increased susceptibility to other viral infections such as influenza. Here we aimed to examine the association between vitamin D and acute infectious mononucleosis (IM).This study is a case-control study that was conducted on IM patients and a control group of healthy individuals at infectious disease clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patients were recruited from January to December 2014. The viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM titer and vitamin D levels were measured at the time of acute infection in IM patients. We also measured vitamin D levels in healthy controls recruited during the same period of time. A total number of 60 IM patients with the mean age of 23.26 ± 7.59 and a healthy control group with the mean age of 25.13 ± 6.72 were enrolled. In the IM patients, there was no significant association between 25(OH) D3 levels and VCA IgM titers (r = 0.190, p = 0.146). Mean 25(OH) D3 levels in IM patients were significantly lower than in the control group (15.61 ± 9.72 vs. 21.41 ± 12.64, p = 0.006). Our findings showed significantly lower vitamin D levels in IM patients at the time of infection than in the control group, providing some evidence that the two major risk factors for autoimmune diseases (e.g., MS) might not be independent risk factors.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Infectious Mononucleosis', 'Iran', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 27,505,106
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D23.050.327'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.400', 'C15.378.553.381', 'C15.604.515.516', 'C20.683.515.515'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pathophysiological characteristics of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-like changes in cholesterol-loaded type 2 diabetic rats.
|
Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, a new obese diabetic model, reportedly presented with features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) after 32 weeks of age. We tried to accelerate the onset of NASH in SDT fatty rats using dietary cholesterol loading and noticed changes in the blood choline level which is expected to be a NASH biomarker. Body weight and biochemical parameters were measured from 8 to 24 weeks of age. At 16, 20, 24 weeks, pathophysiological analysis of the livers were performed. Hepatic lipids, lipid peroxides, and the expression of mRNA related to triglyceride (TG) synthesis, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated at 24 weeks. Hepatic fibrosis was observed in SDT fatty rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets (SDT fatty-Cho) from 16 weeks. Furthermore, hepatic lipids and lipid peroxide were significantly higher in SDT fatty-Cho than SDT fatty rats fed normal diets at 24 weeks. Hepatic mRNA expression related to TG secretion decreased in SDT fatty-Cho, and the mRNA expression related to inflammation and fibrosis increased in SDT fatty-Cho at 24 weeks. Furthermore, SDT fatty-Cho presented with increased plasma choline, similar to human NASH. There were no significant changes in the effects of feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet in Sprague-Dawley rats. SDT fatty-Cho has the potential to become a valuable animal model for NASH associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
|
['Animals', 'Cholesterol, Dietary', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 29,750,881
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.225', 'D10.212.302.347', 'D10.570.938.208.222'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new scheme for the synthesis of 5'-nucleotide phosphonate analogs.
|
A convenient and general method is proposed for the synthesis of 5'-nucleotide phosphonate analogs starting from 5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-xylo-hexofuranose.
|
['Deoxyribonucleotides', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Organophosphonates', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 3,697,157
|
[['D13.695.201'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.705.429'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Crystallization of the alanine dehydrogenase from Phormidium lapideum.
|
Amino-acid dehydrogenases catalyse the interconversion of their respective amino acids to the corresponding keto acid, with concomitant reduction of NAD or NADP. The enzymes phenylalanine, glutamate, leucine and valine dehydrogenase all share a similar three-dimensional subunit structure and a high degree of sequence similarity, indicating that they belong to an enzyme superfamily related by divergent evolution. In contrast, alanine dehydrogenase shows no sequence similarity with any of these enzymes despite catalysing a reaction with the same chemistry and thus it is predicted that it possesses a different three-dimensional structure. The alanine dehydrogenase from Phormidium lapideum has been crystallized in space group R32, cell dimensions a = b = 123.1 and c = 184.8 A, with a monomer in the asymmetric unit. The structure determination of this enzyme will shed light on how nature has evolved two different systems to carry out the same reaction.
|
['Alanine Dehydrogenase', 'Algorithms', 'Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Crystallization', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Escherichia coli', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 9,761,911
|
[['D08.811.682.664.500.062'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vaccination with trypomastigote surface antigen 1-encoding plasmid DNA confers protection against lethal Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
|
DNA vaccination was evaluated with the experimental murine model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection as a means to induce antiparasite protective immunity, and the trypomastigote surface antigen 1 (TSA-1), a target of anti-T. cruzi antibody and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, was used as the model antigen. Following the intramuscular immunization of H-2(b) and H-2(d) mice with a plasmid DNA encoding an N-terminally truncated TSA-1 lacking or containing the C-terminal nonapeptide tandem repeats, the antibody level, CTL response, and protection against challenge with T. cruzi were assessed. In H-2(b) mice, antiparasite antibodies were induced only by immunization with the DNA construct encoding TSA-1 containing the C-terminal repeats. However, both DNA constructs were efficient in eliciting long-lasting CTL responses against the protective H-2Kb-restricted TSA-1515-522 epitope. In H-2(d) mice, inoculation with either of the two TSA-1-expressing vectors effectively generated antiparasite antibodies and primed CTLs that lysed T. cruzi-infected cells in an antigen-specific, MHC class I-restricted, and CD8(+)-T-cell-dependent manner. When TSA-1 DNA-vaccinated animals were challenged with T. cruzi, 14 of 22 (64%) H-2(b) and 16 of 18 (89%) H-2(d) mice survived the infection. The ability to induce significant murine anti-T. cruzi protective immunity by immunization with plasmid DNA expressing TSA-1 provides the basis for the application of this technology in the design of optimal DNA multicomponent anti-T. cruzi vaccines which may ultimately be used for the prevention or treatment of Chagas' disease.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Antigens, Surface', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Chagas Disease', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Plasmids', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Transfection', 'Trypanosoma cruzi', 'Vaccines, DNA', 'Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma']
| 9,784,506
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.293'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.200', 'C01.920.625'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G05.360.600'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.140'], ['D12.776.828.868.910', 'D20.215.894.865.910', 'D23.050.865.910'], ['D12.776.395.550.990', 'D12.776.543.550.990', 'D23.050.293.900', 'D23.050.301.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence against chronic antigen-specific T lymphocyte activation in myasthenia gravis.
|
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antigen-specific autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the post-synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Clinical and immunological data imply the involvement of AChR-specific T lymphocytes as helper cells for autoantibody production. Direct data to support this hypothesis, however, remain sparse. In the present study, a large population of MG patients was studied for evidence of peripheral blood T cell activation by several assays. Assays based on non-specific measurements of T cell activation as well as assays of antigen-specific clonal expansion were utilized. Levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in serum were modestly elevated in some patients, suggesting T cell activation. However, peripheral blood cells did not show evidence of IL-2 receptor expression or enhanced reactivity to IL-2 in culture. Clonable T cells selected for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) mutation, another non-antigen-specific marker for T cell activation, were not seen with increased frequency except in patients treated with purine analogs. Antigen-specific T cell activation was measured by proliferation assays using heterologous and autologous sources of AChR. Antigen-restimulated peripheral blood cell cultures were cloned by limiting dilution. The vast majority of patients failed to show convincing evidence of AChR specific T cell activation or clonal expansion; only 2 of 44 patients demonstrated clonable autologous AChR-specific T cells. An alternative hypothesis of T cell involvement in MG is proposed in which T cell activation is discontinuous and predominantly directed at antigens other than AChR.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Chronic Disease', 'Clone Cells', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Solubility', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Torpedo']
| 8,872,911
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A11.251.353'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.805'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.370.935', 'B01.050.150.900.493.378.722']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of immunoglobulin superfamily 11 (IGSF11) as a novel target for cancer immunotherapy of gastrointestinal and hepatocellular carcinomas.
|
We previously performed gene expression profile analyses of 20 intestinal-type gastric cancers, and identified a set of genes whose expression levels were elevated in cancer tissues compared to their corresponding non-cancerous tissues. In the present study we focused on the immunoglobulin superfamily 11 gene (IGSF11). Its expression was also elevated in colorectal cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas as well as intestinal-type gastric cancers. Northern blot analysis showed that it was expressed abundantly in testis and ovary. These data suggest that IGSF11 is a good candidate of cancer-testis antigen. Furthermore, suppression of IGSF11 by siRNA retarded the growth of gastric cancer cells. To investigate the possibility of clinical application of peptide vaccine to IGSF11, we synthesized candidate epitope peptides for IGSF11 and tested whether the peptides elicit IGSF11-specific CTL. As a result, we successfully established oligo-clonal CTL by stimulation with IGSF11-9-207 (ALSSGLYQC). In addition, we also established additional CTL using IGSF11-9V (ALSSGLYQV), anchor-modified peptides of IGSF11-9-207. These peptides showed IGSF11-specific cytotoxic activity in an HLA-A*0201-restricted fashion, suggesting that these peptides may be applicable for cancer immunotherapy. These findings have provided a novel insight into carcinogenesis of the stomach, colon and liver, and will be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to a wide range of human cancers.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunotherapy', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Testicular Neoplasms']
| 16,108,831
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.800'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pentachlorophenol treatment in vivo elevates point mutation rate in zebrafish p53 gene.
|
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a probable human carcinogen, has been heavily used as an aseptic and a biocide throughout the world, and is widely present in the environment. Recent survey in Germany revealed that the average PCP amount in the urine of general German populations was 1.04 microg/L while the peak concentration could reach up to 19.1 microg/L. PCP was reported to cause DNA damage, but whether it can be involved in inducing point mutations in genome is unknown. To determine the genotoxicity of PCP on vertebrate, we first performed acute toxicity test on zebrafish for the effect of PCP exposure. The LC50 values of zebrafish exposed to PCP at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined to be 0.196, 0.130, 0.130 and 0.130 mg/L, respectively. We then treated zebrafish with PCP for 10 days at 0 (control), 0.5, 5 and 50 microg/L, respectively, to determine whether PCP could be involved in inducing point mutations. Employing denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and DNA sequencing, we demonstrated that exposure of PCP to zebrafish at a concentration as low as 5 microg/L for 10 days elevates point mutation rate in p53 gene in liver cells. This is the first direct evidence revealing that PCP can elevate point mutation rate in the vertebrate genomes. The result implies PCP might be involved in carcinogenesis by elevating point mutation rate in the somatic genomes.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'DNA', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fish Proteins', 'Insecticides', 'Liver', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pentachlorophenol', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Toxicity Tests, Acute', 'Transition Temperature', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Zebrafish']
| 16,904,934
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.325'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.190.633'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.940.790'], ['G01.906.595.850'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of sexual orientation among adolescent and young adult women.
|
Although some research suggests that sexual orientation is a stable, early appearing trait, interviews with 89 young sexual-minority women revealed that a majority of women failed to report at least one of the following: childhood indicators of sexual orientation, stability in same-sex attractions, or awareness of same-sex attractions prior to the conscious process of sexual questioning. Lesbians were not more likely to report these experiences than bisexuals, although they reported significantly greater same-sex attractions. Consistent with studies on older cohorts, few young women reported exclusive same-sex attractions. These findings suggest that recollected consistency among prior and current behavior, ideation, and attractions are not systematically associated with sexual orientation among contemporary young women.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bisexuality', 'Child', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Homosexuality, Female', 'Humans', 'Psychosexual Development', 'Sexual Behavior']
| 9,779,753
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.802.975.200', 'G08.686.867.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.400', 'G08.686.867.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.747.722', 'F02.739.794.793'], ['F01.145.802']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Nasal malignant granular cell tumor: a case report].
|
We reported a case of nasal malignant granular cell tumor. The patient was a 51 years old man who went to the hospital because of "right nasal intermittent bleeding for half a year". The pathological examination after resection showed malignant granular cell tumor. No recurrence was noted during a year after resection. The etiology and pathogenesis, clinical features, pathological features and treatments of malignant granular cell tumor were reviewed.
|
['Epistaxis', 'Granular Cell Tumor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Nose', 'Nose Neoplasms']
| 26,103,675
|
[['C08.460.261', 'C09.603.261', 'C23.550.414.712', 'C23.888.852.040'], ['C04.557.450.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['C04.588.149.721.600', 'C04.588.443.665.650', 'C05.116.231.754.600', 'C08.460.669', 'C08.785.600', 'C09.603.669', 'C09.647.685']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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