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Respiration paralysing and circulatory effects of a new non-depolarizing relaxant, pipecurium bromide, in anaesthetized dogs.
|
The effect of a new sterane-structure, non-depolarizing muscle relaxant 2 beta,16 beta-bis(4'-dimethyl-1'-piperazino)-3 alpha,17 beta-diacetoxy-5 alpha-androstane dibromide (pipecurium bromide, RGH-1106, Arduan) was studied in 42 mongrel dogs under general anaesthesia (ether, halothane, methoxyflurane, thiobutobarbital, hydroxydione and dehydrobenzperidol-fentanyl (NLA II). Onset and duration of action and the presence of circulatory side effects were examined. It was found that the mean onset of respiration paralysing action was 156.1 s and apnea lasted for 38 min. In the thiobutobarbital group apnea lasted for 74 min. Arterial systolic blood pressure and central venous pressure did not change, but the heart rate was mildly decreased by pipecurium bromide. ECG intervals (PQ, QT and TP) did not change considerably, and the variations ran parallel with the prolongation of RR intervals due to the decrease of heart rate. Pipercurium bromide is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant of medium duration, without any significant circulatory effects. Its duration of action was prolonged in the presence of thiobutobarbital, indicating a drug interaction between the two preparations.
|
['Androstane-3,17-diol', 'Androstanols', 'Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dogs', 'Drug Interactions', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Neuromuscular Blocking Agents', 'Pipecuronium', 'Piperazines', 'Respiration', 'Time Factors']
| 6,248,078
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
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Investigating gender disparities in the profile and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
|
SUMMARY Globally, twice as many men as women are being diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) annually. Little is known about gender differentials in TB in Africa. A retrospective cohort analysis of routine data was conducted on adult TB patients treated between 2011 and 2012 in two large healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Gender differences in their demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes were analysed accordingly. Of 1668 TB patients enrolled, the male:female ratio was 1.4:1. The mean ages of males and females were 40.2 ± 14.7 and 36.1 ± 14.6 years, respectively (t test 6.62, P < 0.001). Male gender was associated with a higher failure to smear convert after 2 months (21.8% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.06) and 5 months (4.3% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.02) of treatment for smear-positive TB patients. Moreover, men were more likely than women to fail treatment (2.2% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.01). No significant differences exist in the treatment success rates between women and men (78.2% vs. 74.5%, P = 0.08). Adjusted analyses showed significant association between being an urban male and a HIV-infected female with unsuccessful outcome adjusted by socio-demographic and clinical factors. We found that gender disparities exist in TB profile and treatment outcomes in Nigeria and gender-specific strategies are needed to optimize TB management.
|
['Adult', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coinfection', 'Ethambutol', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rifampin', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Factors', 'Streptomycin', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']
| 25,355,040
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C01.218'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['D03.383.679.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D09.408.051.885'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dose effect on intramuscular metabolic stress during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction.
|
Our previous study reported that metabolic stress in skeletal muscle achieved by combining moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-intensity resistance exercise at 20% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) could not reach the level achieved by high-intensity resistance exercise. Since the previous protocol is typical of current regimens of this type, we sought in this study to optimize the exercise protocol for low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR by examining the dose effects of exercise intensity and pressure. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. They were asked to perform unilateral plantar flexion for 2 min (30 repetitions/min) under six different conditions: two resistance exercises (20% 1 RM and 65% 1 RM) without BFR, and four BFR protocols. The four BFR protocols included three different exercise intensities (20, 30, and 40% 1 RM) with moderate pressure (MP) using 130% of systolic blood pressure (147+/-17 mmHg, mean+/-SD) and 20% 1 RM with high pressure at 200 mmHg. Intramuscular metabolites and pH were obtained by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Significant dose effects on intramuscular metabolites and pH were observed for exercise intensity (P<0.001) but not for BFR pressure. The BFR protocol combining 30% 1 RM with MP had similar results as the high-intensity load at 65% 1 RM. Intramuscular metabolic stress during BFR exercise might be susceptible to increasing exercise intensity. To replace high-intensity resistance exercise, the BFR protocol might require an intensity of >or=30% 1 RM.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physical Exertion', 'Physical Fitness', 'Resistance Training', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Young Adult']
| 20,360,434
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['G07.775'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High antigen density and IL-2 are required for generation of CD4 effectors secreting Th1 rather than Th0 cytokines.
|
We reevaluated the effects of Ag dose on the polarization of CD4 effectors generated in vitro from naive pigeon cytochrome c-specific TCR transgenic T cells under conditions in which we could eliminate contaminating non-naive CD4 cells and the effects of heterogeneous Ag-presenting populations. When the possibility of contaminating non-naive T cells was reduced by using T cells from transgenic mice on a RAG-2(-/-) background, Ag dose did not have a significant effect in Th1 and Th2 polarization unless exogenous IL-2 was initially added to cultures. Effectors generated were uniformly Th0 but produced only IL-2 in substantial amounts. When exogenous IL-2 was added to priming cultures, T cells secreting a Th0 phenotype (large quantities of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma) developed, except at very high doses of Ag, where there was a striking reduction in IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. Our results imply that Ag dose does not have a direct effect on Th1/Th2 polarization, except under conditions that include a high level of TCR ligation and in the presence of high levels of IL-2, where production of Th2 cytokines may be down-regulated by a mechanism that is not yet clear.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen Presentation', 'CD4 Antigens', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 9,780,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['G04.152'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Corrected placement of Mus-Rattus fossil calibration forces precision in the molecular tree of rodents.
|
Time calibration derived from the fossil record is essential for molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Fossil mice and rats, discovered in the Siwalik Group of Pakistan, have served as one of the best-known fossil calibration points in molecular phylogenic studies. Although these fossils have been widely used as the 12 Ma date for the Mus/Rattus split or a more basal split, conclusive paleontological evidence for the nodal assignments has been absent. This study analyzes newly recognized characters that demonstrate lineage separation in the fossil record of Siwalik murines and examines the most reasonable nodal placement of the diverging lineages in a molecular phylogenetic tree by ancestral state reconstruction. Our specimen-based approach strongly indicates that Siwalik murines of the Karnimata clade are fossil members of the Arvicanthini-Otomyini-Millardini clade, which excludes Rattus and its relatives. Combining the new interpretation with the widely accepted hypothesis that the Progonomys clade includes Mus, the lineage separation event in the Siwalik fossil record represents the Mus/Arvicanthis split. Our test analysis on Bayesian age estimates shows that this new calibration point provides more accurate estimates of murine divergence than previous applications. Thus, we define this fossil calibration point and refine two other fossil-based points for molecular dating.
|
['Animals', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fossils', 'Mice', 'Paleontology', 'Phylogeny', 'Rats', 'Rodentia']
| 26,411,391
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['H01.277.875', 'I01.076.368.584'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Protection of pregnant swine by vaccination against Leptospira infection.
|
The protection conferred on pregnant gilts by 2 commercially available leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and tarassovi bacterins was evaluated. Gilts vaccinated either 3, 6 or 12 months prior to natural challenge with L. interrogans serovar pomona had significantly lower abortion rates (2% vs 69%) and foetal mortality rates (14% vs 57%) than unvaccinated controls. One vaccine was significantly superior to the other and contained approximately twice the number of L. interrogans serovar pomona organisms per vaccine dose. Neither vaccine protected against renal colonisation but vaccination reduced urinary excretion of leptospires. Both vaccines reduced agglutinating antibody response to infection, as measured by the microscopic agglutination (MA) test. This may prevent the detection of a carrier animal by serology. Foetal pigs did not develop specific MA titres. Cultural methods were not reliable in making a diagnosis of foetal infection. Histopathology of foetal liver and kidneys helped in making a diagnosis of foetal infection.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Female', 'Leptospira interrogans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Vaccination', 'Weil Disease']
| 7,150,130
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['B03.440.400.425.475.475.400', 'B03.851.475.475.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.511.739']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Outcome of Encephalitis in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
|
OBJECTIVE: To review pathogens, morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients with viral and infectious encephalitis.METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all patients with encephalitis admitted to the PICU between 2002 and 2014 was done.RESULTS: Encephalitis (n = 46) accounted for 2.7 % of PICU admissions, but 11.8 % PICU mortality over a 12-y period. A microorganism (primarily virus) was identified in 59 % of encephalitis patients in the PICU. Enteroviruses and herpes viruses were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Respiratory viruses [such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses] and enteric viruses (such as rotavirus and norovirus) were obtained in the nasopharyngeal aspirate and stool respectively, but undetectable from the CSF. More than one-fourth patients with encephalitis died in the PICU. Boys accounted for 85 % of nonsurvivors and 52 % survivors (p = 0.038). Mechanical ventilation, inotrope, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and corticosteroid usage were significantly higher among non-survivors (p 0.001-0.044). Binomial logistic regression showed that patients who received corticosteroid had a lower chance of survival than those who did not after adjusting for gender, IVIG and mechanical ventilation (adjusted odd ratio = 0.071, 95 % CI 0.006-0.881; p 0.039). Eighteen (55 %) of the survivors had moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairments.CONCLUSIONS: Encephalitis is associated with significant mortality despite intensive care. Over 25 % case died and 55 % of survivors had moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairments. There appeared to be no emerging outbreaks of encephalitis during the 15-y study period.
|
['Child', 'Encephalitis', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intensive Care Units, Pediatric', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Respiratory Syncytial Viruses', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 27,053,179
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.278.388.493.390'], ['E01.789'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.600.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Microvascular thermal equilibration in rat spinotrapezius muscle.
|
The current study investigates heat exchange in the thermally significant countercurrent paired vessels of the rat spinotrapezius muscle. Detailed tissue surface temperatures under normal (after the microvascular surgery) and pharmacologically vasodilated states were measured using high-resolution infrared thermography. During vasodilation, a measurable thermal disturbance was observed above the first-order feeding vessel pair. The measured tissue temperatures were compared with those predicted by modifying the theoretical model for two-dimensional muscle preparations given by Zhu et al. (Zhu, L., D. E. Lemons, and S. Weinbaum. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 24:109-123, 1996). They were found in good agreement. The Weinbaum-Jiji k(eff) theory (Weinbaum, S., and L. M. Jiji. J. Biomech. Eng. 107:131-139, 1985) for heat exchange between the paired vessels and their surrounding tissue was also examined in this muscle. A close agreement was obtained between the theoretically predicted k(eff) and the measured value calculated using a fin approximation for the tissue layer. This experimental study revealed for the first time the nonequilibration between blood vessels and the surrounding tissue, where the enhancement in k(eff) due to the incomplete countercurrent heat exchange is comparable to the tissue axial conduction.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thermal Conductivity']
| 9,916,761
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.906.730']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of carbazochrome by fluorescence quenching method.
|
A sensitive, simple and selective spectrofluorimetric method for the reaction of carbazochrome (CBZC) and Eosin Y (EY) or Phloxine B (PB) in acidic medium is developed for the determination of carbazochrome in biological fluids, which gives a highly fluorescent derivative measured at 545 and 565 nm at excitation wavelengths of 301 and 305 nm. The fluorescence quenching extent (ÄF) is proportional to the concentration of CBZC for CBZC-EY and CBZC-PB system at the range of 0.03-1.50 ìg/mL and 0.08-1.25 ìg/mL, respectively. The detection limit is 9.1 ng/mL for EY system and 22.7 ng/mL for PB system. The intra-day and inter-day reproducibility (RSD values) are less than 8.3% under three concentrations. Moreover, the affecting factors of fluorescence intensity of the product are carefully investigated and optimized, as well as the effect of coexisting substances. Judging from temperature, the Stern-Volmer plots and fluorescence emission decay curves, the quenching of fluorescence of EY and PB by CBZC is a static quenching process, caused by electrostatic attraction and aromatic stacking interaction.
|
['Adrenochrome', 'Eosine I Bluish', 'Eosine Yellowish-(YS)', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Limit of Detection', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 22,750,685
|
[['D03.633.100.473.025', 'D23.767.061'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.300', 'D03.633.300.953.275.300', 'D04.711.347.300'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.325', 'D03.633.300.953.275.325', 'D04.711.347.325'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A severe frontal-parietal lobe syndrome following cerebellar damage.
|
We report a case study of a frontal and parietal lobe syndrome with memory loss after unilateral left-sided cerebellar damage caused by a stroke in a patient with right cerebellar unusual developmental agenesis. The syndrome consisted of severe deficits in planning an organized sequence of events, in visuo-constructive abilities and inappropriate jocularity. These changes are ascribed in part to cerebellar-pontine lesions with resulting frontal lobe diaschisis as documented by single-photon emission computed tomography in the absence of morphological damage to the neocortex.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Cerebellar Diseases', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Personality', 'Stroke', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 11,422,432
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['C10.228.140.252'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['F01.752'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Measures for improving therapeutic results of esophageal carcinoma in stage III: preoperative radiotherapy.
|
Surgical therapeutic results of esophageal carcinoma stage III in 245 cases admitted to our hospital from 1966 to 1982 are reported in this paper. In this series, 171 cases were treated by surgery alone and 74 cases treated with a combination of preoperative radiotherapy and surgery. Of the entire group, 184 cases underwent gastroesophagostomy or colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction preceded by resection of the cancerous esophageal segment. The resectability rate was 75.1%, and the resection operative mortality rate was 7.1%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 30.0 and 25.8%, respectively. In the group of 171 cases treated by surgery alone, the resectability rate was 73.1% (125/171), and the resectability in the middle third esophageal carcinoma was only 64.7% (44/68), while in the group of 74 cases treated by combination treatment, the resectability increased to 79.7% (59/74) and the resectability in the middle third esophageal carcinoma increased to 79.3% (46/58). The 5-year survival rate in the combination-therapy group (60.1%) was 42.9% higher than that of the group treated by surgery alone (17.2%) (p less than 0.01). However, the differences in the rates of resection operative mortality and operative complications between these two groups were not significant. Therefore, we think that preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma in stage III is an effective measure for improving resectability and survival rate.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagoplasty', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis']
| 3,736,069
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['E04.210.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Electric field modulation of magnetic exchange in molecular helices.
|
The possibility to operate on magnetic materials through the application of electric rather than magnetic fields-promising faster, more compact and energy efficient circuits-continues to spur the investigation of magnetoelectric effects. Symmetry considerations, in particular the lack of an inversion centre, characterize the magnetoelectric effect. In addition, spin-orbit coupling is generally considered necessary to make a spin system sensitive to a charge distribution. However, a magnetoelectric effect not relying on spin-orbit coupling is appealing for spin-based quantum technologies. Here, we report the detection of a magnetoelectric effect that we attribute to an electric field modulation of the magnetic exchange interaction without atomic displacement. The effect is visible in electron paramagnetic resonance absorption of molecular helices under electric field modulation and confirmed by specific symmetry properties and spectral simulation.
|
['Electricity', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Manganese', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Organometallic Compounds']
| 30,778,229
|
[['G01.358.500.249'], ['G01.358.750'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D02.691']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Clostridium acetobutylicum: isolation and purification of the enzyme, and sequencing and localization of the gap gene within a cluster of other glycolytic genes.
|
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified from Clostridium acetobutylicum by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography (to a specific activity of 27 U mg-1). The enzyme had a molecular mass of 40 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and a native molecular mass of 160 kDa as determined by nondenaturing PAGE, indicating that it has a homotetrameric composition. Its pH optimum was between 8.5 and 9.3. The corresponding gene (gap) was cloned and sequenced from C. acetobutylicum DSM 792 and found to cluster with other genes of enzymes from the glycolytic pathway (pgk, phosphoglycerate kinase; tpi, triosephosphate isomerase; pgm(i), 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase). No sequences resembling rho-independent transcription terminators were found in the intergenic regions. A plasmid carrying the clostridial gap gene complemented an Escherichia coli gap mutant.
|
['Cloning, Molecular', 'Clostridium', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'Glycolysis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 10,463,150
|
[['E05.393.220'], ['B03.300.390.400.200', 'B03.353.625.375.500', 'B03.510.415.400.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.750'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of dioptric blur on reading performance.
|
Little is known about the systematic impact of blur on reading performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of dioptric blur on reading performance in a group of normally sighted young adults. We measured monocular reading performance and visual acuity for 19 observers with normal vision, for five levels of optical blur (no-blur, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3D). Dioptric blur was induced using convex trial lenses placed in front of the testing eye, with the pupil dilated and in the presence of a 3mm artificial pupil. Reading performance was assessed using eight versions of the MNREAD Acuity Chart. For each level of dioptric blur, observers read aloud sentences on one of these charts, from large to small print. Reading time for each sentence and the number of errors made were recorded and converted to reading speed in words per minute. Visual acuity was measured using 4-orientation Landolt C stimuli. For all levels of dioptric blur, reading speed increased with print size up to a certain print size and then remained constant at the maximum reading speed. By fitting nonlinear mixed-effects models, we found that the maximum reading speed was minimally affected by blur up to 2D, but was approximately 23% slower for 3D of blur. When the amount of blur increased from 0 (no-blur) to 3D, the threshold print size (print size corresponded to 80% of the maximum reading speed) increased from 0.01 to 0.88 logMAR, reading acuity worsened from -0.16 to 0.58 logMAR, and visual acuity worsened from -0.19 to 0.64 logMAR. The similar rates of change with blur for threshold print size, reading acuity and visual acuity implicates that visual acuity is a good predictor of threshold print size and reading acuity. Like visual acuity, reading performance is susceptible to the degrading effect of optical blur. For increasing amount of blur, larger print sizes are required to attain the maximum reading speed.
|
['Adult', 'Astigmatism', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Mydriatics', 'Reading', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Tropicamide', 'Vision Tests', 'Visual Acuity']
| 17,442,363
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C11.744.212'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.500'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['D03.383.725.942'], ['E01.370.380.850'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sclerocornea associated with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
|
A 2,000-g infant boy had many features of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (prenatal growth deficiency and developmental retardation, microcephaly with unusual facies, hypospadias, and feeding difficulties) as well as sclerocornea. The association of this rare eye finding with this rare congenital syndrome is unique. Successful penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one eye at 8 months of age.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Microcephaly', 'Sclera', 'Syndrome']
| 900,220
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.204'], ['C23.550.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C05.660.207.620', 'C10.500.507.400.500', 'C16.131.621.207.620', 'C16.131.666.507.400.500'], ['A09.371.784'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Generating prior probabilities for classifiers of brain tumours using belief networks.
|
BACKGROUND: Numerous methods for classifying brain tumours based on magnetic resonance spectra and imaging have been presented in the last 15 years. Generally, these methods use supervised machine learning to develop a classifier from a database of cases for which the diagnosis is already known. However, little has been published on developing classifiers based on mixed modalities, e.g. combining imaging information with spectroscopy. In this work a method of generating probabilities of tumour class from anatomical location is presented.METHODS: The method of "belief networks" is introduced as a means of generating probabilities that a tumour is any given type. The belief networks are constructed using a database of paediatric tumour cases consisting of data collected over five decades; the problems associated with using this data are discussed. To verify the usefulness of the networks, an application of the method is presented in which prior probabilities were generated and combined with a classification of tumours based solely on MRS data.RESULTS: Belief networks were constructed from a database of over 1300 cases. These can be used to generate a probability that a tumour is any given type. Networks are presented for astrocytoma grades I and II, astrocytoma grades III and IV, ependymoma, pineoblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET), germinoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma and a group representing rare tumours, "other". Using the network to generate prior probabilities for classification improves the accuracy when compared with generating prior probabilities based on class prevalence.CONCLUSION: Bayesian belief networks are a simple way of using discrete clinical information to generate probabilities usable in classification. The belief network method can be robust to incomplete datasets. Inclusion of a priori knowledge is an effective way of improving classification of brain tumours by non-invasive methods.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Databases, Factual', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Germinoma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neuroectodermal Tumors', 'Probability']
| 17,877,822
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.171'], ['C04.557.465.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.465.625', 'C04.557.580.625'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Localization of the phalloidin and nucleotide-binding sites on actin.
|
Phalloidin was found to block nucleotide exchange in F-actin, without interfering with nucleotide hydrolysis. This inhibition of nucleotide exchange occurs under conditions in which monomers are able to exchange. The distance separating a fluorescent chromophore attached to phalloidin from the nucleotide on actin was determined using fluorescence resonance energy-transfer spectroscopy. They are separated by less than 1.0 nm. Added confirmation of the close proximity of phalloidin to nucleotide was obtained by extracting a small peptide-ATP complex from an actin digest. The peptide comprises residues 114-118, which are from the same region as the residues that others have shown to crosslink to phalloidin [Vandekerckhove et al. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 2815-2818]. The results suggest that phalloidin has two major effects. It traps actin monomers in a conformation which appears to be distinct from G-actin and it stabilizes the structure of F-actin, an event accompanied by the trapping of ADP.
|
['Actins', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Allosteric Regulation', 'Binding Sites', 'Energy Transfer', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Nucleotides', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phalloidine', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 3,830,158
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.044'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G01.154.240', 'G02.111.255', 'G02.216'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D04.345.566.735', 'D12.644.456.735', 'D12.644.641.735', 'D23.946.587.755'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infrared digital thermography of scrotum in early selection of progressive varicocele.
|
Varicocele is frequent but correctable cause of male infertility. Varicocelectomy is the most commonly performed operative procedure for varicocele. Majority of varicocele patients do not have fertility problem, therefore surgical correction is not recommended in all prevalent cases. On the other hand, varicocele is a progressive condition in some cases and individual with varicocele is at risk for developing impairment which can ultimately lead to semen deterioration and consequent infertility. Selection of patients with varicocele that will progress and cause infertility is beyond our current diagnostic capabilities. Diagnostic assessment of varicocele depends on physical examination and scrotal ultrasound/doppler. Infrared digital thermography of scrotum is a non-invasive and objective diagnostic method for early varicocele detection by means of temperature measurement on the scrotal skin surface. The criteria for diagnostic use of scrotal thermography were recently presented. We hypothesize that the infrared digital thermography of scrotum could be the cornerstone in detection of varicoceles that tend to progress with impairment of semen quality and will require surgical correction, among all prevalent varicocele cases.
|
['Humans', 'Infrared Rays', 'Male', 'Scrotum', 'Skin Temperature', 'Thermography', 'Varicocele']
| 23,891,041
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['A05.360.444.661'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['E01.370.350.800', 'E05.933.500'], ['C12.294.936', 'C14.907.903']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A Novel Mathematical Model for Determining Faculty Workload.
|
Objective. To develop a mathematical model for determining faculty workload at a college of pharmacy with a team-based learning curriculum. Methods. Using faculty provided data, our model calculated activity and weighted means in teaching, scholarship and service. Subsequently, these data were used to develop departmental and institutional workload models. Results. For the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences department, percent faculty activity mean values were greatest for service followed by teaching and scholarship. These values in the clinical sciences department were greatest for teaching followed by service and scholarship. Overall, the institutional workload model had the largest maximum faculty activity value for teaching, followed by service and then scholarship. Conclusions. A novel faculty workload model proved to be effective in optimizing faculty workload within a college of pharmacy. Since the workload analysis, the faculty service commitment has been substantially changed, by reducing the number of committees at our institution. This type of workload analysis may particularly benefit colleges of pharmacy that employ a team based learning curriculum, with a large time commitment to teaching.
|
['Education, Pharmacy', 'Faculty, Pharmacy', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Research', 'Schools, Pharmacy', 'Teaching', 'Workforce', 'Workload']
| 28,090,101
|
[['I02.358.525'], ['M01.526.702.250.736'], ['E05.599'], ['H01.770.644'], ['I02.783.495.694'], ['I02.903'], ['N04.452.525'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Informed consent and clinical research involving children and adolescents: implications of the revised APA ethics code and HIPAA.
|
In 2003, 2 new sets of rules and regulations affecting the conduct of clinical research involving children and adolescents went into effect: the revised American Psychological Association's (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (APA, 2002; effective June 1, 2003) and the Privacy Rule (45 CFR Part 160 and A and E of Part 164; effective April; 14, 2003) of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA: Public Law 104-191). This article highlights those APA ethical standards and HIPAA regulations relevant to clinical research involving children and adolescents and discusses how psychologists can apply these rules in ways that will ensure ethical and legal compliance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Biomedical Research', 'Child', 'Child Advocacy', 'Codes of Ethics', 'Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act', 'Human Experimentation', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Privacy', 'Psychology, Clinical', 'Societies, Medical', 'United States']
| 15,498,750
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.880.604.473.300', 'I01.880.787.293.350', 'N03.706.437.300'], ['K01.752.566.479.068', 'K01.752.566.479.171.066', 'N04.761.700.350.324', 'N05.350.213', 'N05.350.340.080', 'N05.700.350.324'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.349', 'N03.706.615.273'], ['E05.445', 'H01.770.644.145.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['I01.880.604.473.352.500', 'N03.706.437.352.500', 'N03.706.615.862'], ['F04.096.628.579'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Computed tomography-guided transsphenoidal closure of postsurgical cerebrospinal fluid fistula: a transmucosal needle technique.
|
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a fearful complication of transsphenoidal surgery and, despite careful intraoperative repair and prolonged postoperative lumbar CSF drainage, need for a new surgical intrasphenoidal plasty is not uncommon.METHODS: These cases prompted us to develop a simple, minimally invasive, harmless repeatable technique consisting of a computed tomography (CT)-guided intrasphenoidal injection of fibrin glue through a 12-gauge spinal needle.RESULTS: Five patients presenting with rhinoliquorrhea following a transsphenoidal approach for the excision of pituitary adenomas (three cases) and craniopharyngiomas (two cases) were treated successfully with the presented technique. In two cases the first attempt attained only partial success and therefore the procedure was repeated. In the last two cases, the injection of fibrin glue was preceded by 2 cc of fresh autologous blood, with the aim of enhancing the mechanisms of healing, possibly inducing adhesions and fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method of treatment for CSF leakage following transsphenoidal surgery may represent a valid alternative to the surgical option.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea', 'Female', 'Fibrin Tissue Adhesive', 'Fistula', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needles', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,315,142
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.114.750', 'C10.900.300.109.750', 'C23.888.592.114.624', 'C23.888.852.834.500', 'C26.915.300.225.750'], ['D12.776.124.270.305'], ['C23.300.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.612'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neuromodulation of guinea pig intestinal electrolyte transport by cholecystokinin octapeptide.
|
We examined the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on electrolyte transport across isolated guinea pig mucosa. Segments of distal ileum stripped of longitudinal muscle and bathed on both sides with a Krebs'-bicarbonate buffer responded to cholecystokinin octapeptide when studied under short-circuited conditions. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (0.5-50 nmol/L) evoked a transient (4-10-minute) increase in transepithelial potential difference and short-circuit current upon application to the serosal side. Maximal increases in short-circuit current, achieved at 50-500 nmol/L, were 67 +/- 11 microA/cm2, whereas half-maximal effects occurred at a concentration of 0.7 +/- 0.2 nmol/L. Pretreatment of the tissues with 0.5 mumol/L atropine reduced the maximal short-circuit response to cholecystokinin octapeptide by 53%. The change in short-circuit current due to cholecystokinin octapeptide was nearly abolished by pretreatment with 0.5 mumol/L tetrodotoxin, suggesting neuronal involvement. Cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced increases in short-circuit current were halved by removal of serosal buffer Ca2+ and were abolished in Cl(-)- and HCO3(-)-free buffer. The cholecystokin-receptor antagonists proglumide and lorglumide shifted the concentration-response curve for cholecystokinin octapeptide competitively to the right, having antagonists potencies of 130 and 0.03 mumol/L, respectively. Cerulein (0.1-500 nmol/L) also increased short-circuit current, whereas nonsulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide was ineffective. In conclusion, cholecystokinin octapeptide seems to act at neuronal cholecystokinin receptors to stimulate mucosal anion secretion, in part, by releasing acetylcholine.
|
['Animals', 'Atropine', 'Biological Transport', 'Bumetanide', 'Calcium', 'Culture Media', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrolytes', 'Electrophysiology', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Proglumide', 'Receptors, Cholecystokinin', 'Sincalide', 'Tetrodotoxin']
| 1,985,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['G03.143'], ['D02.065.884.150', 'D02.241.223.100.050.300.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.500', 'D02.886.590.700.150'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D01.248'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D12.125.068.330.700', 'D12.125.095.461.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.170', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.270', 'D12.776.543.750.750.360.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.270'], ['D06.472.317.152.700', 'D12.644.120.500'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phospholipid composition and surface-active properties of tracheobronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
|
Among the various components of tracheobronchial secretions, lipids and particularly phospholipids have been shown to influence rheological properties of airway secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis. We studied the phospholipid composition of tracheobronchial secretions, collected from patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and we analyzed the possible relationship between the phospholipid profile and the wettability of tracheobronchial secretions evaluated by the measurement of contact angle. Although total phospholipid content and contact angle of tracheobronchial secretions were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in CF compared to COPD, no significant relationship existed between these two parameters. The concentrations of the different phospholipid subclasses were not homogeneously modified according to the origin of the secretions. Compared to COPD secretions, the CF secretions were characterized by a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in rigidifying fractions such as sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol and a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in surface-active fractions, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (P less than 0.001). In the two groups, the surface-active phospholipid fraction, PG, was negatively correlated to the contact angle of tracheobronchial secretions. These results suggest that a decrease in PG content in CF secretions may be one factor responsible for an increase in their adhesivity to the respiratory mucosa, and, consequently, for mucus stasis and severity of bronchial obstruction in cystic fibrosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bronchiectasis', 'Child', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucus', 'Phospholipids', 'Surface Properties']
| 1,589,308
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C08.127.384'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.200.503'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incident cases of heart failure in a community cohort: importance and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function.
|
BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function have not been well characterized in the outpatient setting.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 403 patients with new-onset heart failure in a large regional health maintenance organization between July 1996 and December 1996. The clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with preserved ejection fractions (PrEF; >45%) were compared with those of patients with with reduced left ventricular function (Low EF) after excluding patients with terminal comorbidities. The main outcome measure was the combination of death, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization, or both, which was assessed for as long as 24 months (mean, 22 months) with proportional hazards models.RESULTS: Sixty-five patients (16%) did not have an assessment of left ventricular (LV) function. Of the remaining 338 patients, 191(57%) had an EF <45% (Low EF group) and 147 (44%) had preserved LV function (PrEF group). Patients with PrEF tended to be older, more frequently women, have less coronary disease and myocardial infarction, and have more atrial fibrillation and other comorbid conditions. They had higher systolic blood pressures and pulse pressures and slower heart rates than the patients with reduced LV function on initial presentation. Overall, mortality and CV hospitalization rates were similar in the 2 groups; however, on multivariate analysis, which took into account baseline differences between groups, low EF was a significant independent predictor of the combined end point (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with preserved LV function constitute a significant portion of incident outpatient patients with heart failure and carry a better prognosis than patients with reduced LV function.
|
['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Systole', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 12,851,618
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['C14.280.945.900'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sublingual piroxicam for postoperative analgesia: preoperative versus postoperative administration: a randomized, double-blind study.
|
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have been used to obtain preemptive analgesia. We investigated, in this randomized, double-blind study, whether sublingual (s.l.) piroxicam given before was more effective than that given after surgery. Fifty-two patients scheduled for laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia were enrolled. Group PRE (25 patients) received 40 mg of piroxicam s.l. 2 h before surgery and a placebo 10 min after surgery. Group POST (27 patients) were treated with a placebo 2 h before surgery and received 40 mg of piroxicam s.l. 10 min after surgery. After an initial dose of 100 mg tramadol IV, patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol was started and recorded. Visual analog scores were assessed in the recovery and at 6, 20, and 30 h postoperatively. Significantly lower visual analog scores were found in group PRE at 6 and 20 h. Significantly smaller cumulative tramadol consumption was observed after 30 h in group PRE. In summary, our findings suggest that preoperative s.l. piroxicam is more effective than the postoperative administration. Because of the low pain scores in both groups, the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear from this study.
|
['Administration, Sublingual', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analgesia', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Piroxicam', 'Postoperative Care', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies']
| 16,492,824
|
[['E02.319.267.100.878'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E03.091'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['D02.886.665.500', 'D03.383.855.500'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Changes in CD4 lymphocyte counts after interruption of therapy in patients with viral failure on protease inhibitor-containing regimens. Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the short-term changes in CD4 lymphocyte counts after the interruption of antiretroviral HIV therapy in order to increase the understanding of CD4 lymphocyte dynamics, and so that appropriate monitoring strategies can be designed.METHODS: We studied 35 HIV-infected patients with late-stage disease who had therapy interruptions leading to high viral load levels, median greater than 750 000 RNA log10 copies/ml, and in whom two CD4 cell counts (median 28 days apart) were available before beginning a salvage regimen.RESULTS: Overall, there was a substantial decline in CD4 cell counts from a median of 125 to 83 cells/mm3 in the average 28 day period, with median proportionate and absolute losses of 26% and 24 cells/mm3 per month, respectively (P < 0.008). This tended to be greater in individuals studied sooner after interrupting therapy (P = 0.03) and in those with CD4 cell counts above the pre-therapy baseline (P = 0.06). There was a strong negative correlation between the proportionate increase in viral load and the absolute change in CD4 cell count (-0.66, P = 0.0002).CONCLUSION: Patients with relatively advanced HIV infection interrupting antiretroviral therapy after failing a protease inhibitor-containing regimen require frequent monitoring because CD4 cell counts appear to fall quite rapidly, at least in the first few weeks after interruption.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Female', 'HIV', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Male', 'RNA, Viral', 'Time Factors', 'Viral Load']
| 10,985,307
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental study of bone lengthening in dogs by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the morphology of calcified tissues involved in distraction osteogenesis (DO) by means of backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM).STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study.ANIMALS: Adult female Beagle dogs (n=12).METHODS: Non-simultaneous and bilateral transverse mid-diaphyseal osteotomies performed in tibiae were stabilized and distracted by a Type Ia external skeletal fixation device. After a latency period of 5 days, distraction was applied at a rate of 0.5 mm every 12 hours for 10 days. Then, the external fixator was maintained in a static mode during the consolidation period until bone healing or euthanasia at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 18 weeks after operations, whichever came first. Distracted regions were isolated and their structure was examined by BS-SEM.RESULTS: Calcified chondroid tissue was prominent during distraction and calcified cartilaginous tissue during consolidation; both tissues were successively replaced by woven, lamellar, and osteonal bone.CONCLUSIONS: In osteotomized tibia, chondroid tissue is the main component of the mineralization front during distraction, calcified cartilaginous tissue during consolidation, and then both tissues are replaced by woven, lamellar, and osteonal bone. The ossification mechanism of distraction callus is transchondroidal.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: BS-SEM is an effective technique for studying progression of bone healing during DO. The presence of chondroid tissue during DO explains why callus mineralization occurs more rapidly during distraction than during static stabilization.
|
['Animals', 'Autopsy', 'Bone Nails', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Dogs', 'External Fixators', 'Female', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Osteogenesis, Distraction', 'Osteotomy', 'Radiography', 'Tibia']
| 19,573,104
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E04.555.120.690'], ['E04.555.580'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of gel volume on pharmacokinetics for vaginal and rectal applications of combination DuoGel-IQB4012, a dual chamber-dual drug HIV microbicide gel, in pigtailed macaques.
|
This study evaluated effects of differing gel volumes on pharmacokinetics (PK). IQB4012, a gel containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor IQP-0528 and tenofovir (TFV), was applied to the pigtailed macaque vagina and rectum. Vaginal gel volumes (1% loading of both drugs) were 0.5 or 1.5 ml; following wash-out, 1 or 4 ml of gel were then applied rectally. Blood, vaginal, and rectal fluids were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h. Vaginal and rectal tissue biopsies were collected at 4 and 24 h. There were no statistically significant differences in concentrations for either drug between gel volumes within compartments at matched time points. After vaginal gel application, median IQP-0528 concentrations were ~ 104-105 ng/g, 105-106 ng/ml, and 103-105 ng/ml in vaginal tissues, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids, respectively (over 24 h). Median vaginal TFV concentrations were 1-2 logs lower than IQP-0528 levels at matched time points. After rectal gel application, median IQP-0528 and TFV concentrations in rectal fluids were ~ 103-105 ng/ml and ~ 102-103 ng/ml, respectively. Concentrations of both drugs sampled in rectal tissues were low (~ 101-103 ng/g). For 1 ml gel, half of sampled rectal tissues had undetectable concentrations of either drug, and over half of sampled rectal fluids had undetectable TFV concentrations. These results indicate differences in drug delivery between the vaginal and rectal compartments, and that smaller vaginal gel volumes may not significantly compromise microbicide PK and prophylactic potential. However, effects of rectal gel volume on PK for both drugs were less definitive.
|
['Administration, Rectal', 'Animals', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Female', 'Macaca', 'Pyrimidinones', 'Tenofovir', 'Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies']
| 29,761,350
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.750'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['D03.383.742.698'], ['D02.705.429.906', 'D03.633.100.759.138.881'], ['D26.255.955', 'E07.357.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and factors influencing the distribution of influenza viruses in Kenya: Seven-year hospital-based surveillance of influenza-like illness (2007-2013).
|
BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses remain a global threat with the potential to trigger outbreaks and pandemics. Globally, seasonal influenza viruses' mortality range from 291 243-645 832 annually, of which 17% occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to estimate the overall prevalence of influenza infections in Kenya, identifying factors influencing the distribution of these infections, and describe trends in occurrence from 2007 to 2013.METHODS: Surveillance was conducted at eight district hospital sites countrywide. Participants who met the case definition for influenza-like illness were enrolled in the surveillance program. The nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from all participants. We tested all specimens for influenza viruses with quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Bivariate and multivariate log-binomial regression was performed with a statistically significant level of p<0.005. An administrative map of Kenya was used to locate the geographical distribution of surveillance sites in counties. We visualized the monthly trend of influenza viruses with a graph and chart using exponential smoothing at a damping factor of 0.5 over the study period (2007-2013).RESULTS: A total of 17446 participants enrolled in the program. The overall prevalence of influenza viruses was 19% (n = 3230), of which 76% (n = 2449) were type A, 21% (n = 669) type B and 3% (n = 112) A/ B coinfection. Of those with type A, 59% (n = 1451) were not subtyped. Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 was found in 48% (n = 475), influenza A/H1N1/pdm 2009 in 43% (n = 434), and seasonal influenza A/ H1N1 in 9% (n = 88) participants. Both genders were represented, whereas a large proportion of participants 55% were ?1year age. Influenza prevalence was high, 2 times more in other age categories compared to ?1year age. Category of occupation other than children and school attendees had a high prevalence of influenza virus (p< <0.001). The monthly trends of influenza viruses' positivity showed no seasonal pattern. Influenza types A and B co-circulated throughout the annual calendar during seven years of the surveillance.CONCLUSIONS: Influenza viruses circulate year-round and occur among children as well as the adult population in Kenya. Occupational and school-based settings showed a higher prevalence of influenza viruses. There were no regular seasonal patterns for influenza viruses.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Demography', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza B virus', 'Influenza, Human', 'Kenya', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharynx', 'Prevalence']
| 32,822,390
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['B04.820.480.968.407.410'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Carboxypeptidase M is a positive allosteric modulator of the kinin B1 receptor.
|
Ligand binding to extracellular domains of G protein-coupled receptors can result in novel and nuanced allosteric effects on receptor signaling. We previously showed that the protein-protein interaction of carboxypeptidase M (CPM) and kinin B1 receptor (B1R) enhances B1R signaling in two ways; 1) kinin binding to CPM causes a conformational activation of the B1R, and 2) CPM-generated des-Arg-kinin agonist is efficiently delivered to the B1R. Here, we show CPM is also a positive allosteric modulator of B1R signaling to its agonist, des-Arg(10)-kallidin (DAKD). In HEK cells stably transfected with B1R, co-expression of CPM enhanced DAKD-stimulated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) or phosphoinositide turnover by a leftward shift of the dose-response curve without changing the maximum. CPM increased B1R affinity for DAKD by ?5-fold but had no effect on basal B1R-dependent phosphoinositide turnover. Soluble, recombinant CPM bound to HEK cells expressing B1Rs without stimulating receptor signaling. CPM positive allosteric action was independent of enzyme activity but depended on interaction of its C-terminal domain with the B1R extracellular loop 2. Disruption of the CPM/B1R interaction or knockdown of CPM in cytokine-treated primary human endothelial cells inhibited the allosteric enhancement of CPM on B1R DAKD binding or ERK1/2 activation. CPM also enhanced the DAKD-induced B1R conformational change as detected by increased intramolecular fluorescence or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Thus, CPM binding to extracellular loop 2 of the B1R results in positive allosteric modulation of B1R signaling, and disruption of this interaction could provide a novel therapeutic approach to reduce pathological B1R signaling.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptor, Bradykinin B1']
| 24,108,126
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.080.249', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.220.249', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.220.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: observational study in 207 patients with a mean follow-up of 107 months.
|
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in adults. ADPKD is a frequent cause of 4 secondary hypertension and, conversely, hypertension is a common manifestation of ADPKD and, more importantly, one of the few that are treatable. Given the autosomal dominant nature of the disease and the fact that it is easy to diagnose with a renal scan, ADPKD patients can be diagnosed early at a pre-symptomatic stage, and hypertension can be detected and treated. The main purpose of this article is to report our experience in the long-term follow-up of patients with ADPKD, with particular emphasis on hypertension.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 532 patients observed in our outpatient clinic due to renal cysts over the last 17 years, of whom 383 were diagnosed with ADPKD according to Ravine's criteria. Patients were followed-up as outpatients on a yearly basis, or more frequently if necessary. Data on demography and clinical findings were analyzed with particular emphasis on blood pressure control, number and type of antihypertensive drugs, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI).RESULTS: At the beginning of follow-up 56% of the patients, including 30.7% of the young adults aged 20 to 34 years, were hypertensive. Focusing on 207 patients observed in 2006, with a mean follow-up of 107 +/- 66 months, a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed between the first and last observations. Of a subgroup of 115 patients who were normotensive at the initial observation, 50% became hypertensive by the age of 40. During follow-up, only eleven had a cardiovascular event such as angina, myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral artery disease (rate 0.006 events/patient-year). LVMI correlated with age, renal function and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but only age was an independent risk factor for increased left ventricular mass.CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a common complication in ADPKD patients. Early diagnosis and follow-up at a pre-symptomatic stage of the disease are important since this enables early initiation of antihypertensive therapy, which could reduce the rate of cardiovascular events in this population.
|
['Adult', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 18,297,839
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C12.777.419.403.875.500', 'C13.351.968.419.403.875.500', 'C16.131.077.717.500', 'C16.320.184.625.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intrapleural Antimicrobial Irrigation for Postpneumonectomy Empyema in Patients With Lung Cancer.
|
PURPOSE: Postpneumonectomy empyema (PPE) is a possible complication after a pneumonectomy in patients with lung cancer. The use of intrapleural (IP) antibiotic irrigation to treat infections in the pleural space may be indicated after systemic antimicrobial therapy, and drainage of the pleural space has been insufficient.METHODS: Adult patients ?18 years old who received IP antibiotic irrigation between 2006 and 2011 were included. Demographic data, past medical history, surgical procedure, systemic antibiotics, and culture data were collected. Additionally, the IP antibiotic administered, the dose, and how it was prepared and administered were collected.RESULTS: A total of 18 patients were evaluated in this retrospective descriptive analysis. The majority of patients underwent an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP; 72%). Most patients received systemic antibiotics before IP antibiotic administration (95%). Vancomycin was the most common antibiotic used for both systemic therapy (100%) and IP irrigation (94%). The median number of IP antibiotic doses received per patient was 5.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-9). Recurrence of PPE within 6 months of initial PPE resolution occurred in 28% of patients. Intrapleural antibiotic irrigation was well tolerated in all patients.CONCLUSION: Vancomycin is most commonly used for IP antibiotic irrigation at our institution after patients have undergone a thoracic surgery, which was most commonly an EPP.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Empyema, Pleural', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']
| 25,107,425
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C01.748.265', 'C01.830.305.310', 'C08.528.240', 'C08.730.265', 'C23.550.470.756.305.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Importance of Demodex Mites (Acari: Demodicidae) in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia.
|
Although demodicosis caused by Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis is widely seen throughout the world, the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully known. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Demodex mites in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is not known. SCA is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production and suppression of the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and Demodex density in SCA patients and to compare with healthy subjects. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with SCA and control group of 50 healthy individuals. Samples were taken from cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin and were examined microscopically. Infestation of ?5 mites/cm2 was accepted as positive in the diagnosis. Demodex mite positivity was determined in 20 (28.6%) patients and none in subjects of the control group. In the SCA group, the mean number of mites was 26.10/cm2. A statistically significant correlation was found between Demodex mite positivity and the number of SCA symptom attacks experienced by the patients within the last 1 yr (P ? 0.001). No significant relationship was determined between Demodex mite positivity and age or gender (P = 0.56 and P = 0.11, respectively). Demodex mites are seen more often in SCA patients who suffer from a compromised immune system, and the presence of Demodex mites could be a risk factor in the appearance of SCA symptom attacks.
|
['Adult', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mite Infestations', 'Mites', 'Prevalence', 'Skin', 'Turkey', 'Young Adult']
| 30,576,478
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.610.858.211.480'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['A17.815'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Alkyl radicals as hydrogen bond acceptors: computational evidence.
|
Spectroscopic, energetic and structural information obtained by DFT and G3-type computational studies demonstrates that charged proton donors can form moderately strong hydrogen bonds to simple alkyl radicals. The presence of these bonds stabilizes the adducts and modifies their structure, and gives rise to pronounced shifts of IR stretching frequencies and to increased absorption intensities. The hydrogen bond acceptor properties of alkyl radicals equal those of many conventional acceptors, e.g., the bond length changes and IR red-shifts suggest that tert-butyl radicals are slightly better acceptors than formaldehyde molecules, while propyl radicals are as good as H(2)O. The hydrogen bond strength appears to depend on the proton affinity of the proton donor and on the ionization energy of the acceptor alkyl radical, not on the donor-acceptor proton affinity difference, reflecting that the charge-transfer aspects of hydrogen bonding are particularly conspicuous when the acceptor polarity and basicity is low.
|
['Alkanes', 'Free Radicals', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Models, Chemical', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Static Electricity', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water']
| 19,489,573
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pt(II) complexes with bidentate and tridentate pyrazolyl-containing chelators: synthesis, structural characterization and biological studies.
|
A series of four Pt(II) complexes anchored by bidentate or tridentate pyrazolyl-alkylamine chelators bearing different substituents at the azolyl rings has been prepared with the aim to assess their interest in the design of novel anticancer drugs. All complexes have been fully characterized by classical analytical methods and three of them were characterized also by X-ray diffraction analysis. Their solution behavior, together with lipophilicity measurements, cell uptake, antiproliferative properties, DNA interaction have been evaluated. Albeit all the complexes were less active than cisplatin on ovarian carcinoma A2780 cell line, greatly retained their activity in the cisplatin-resistant A2780cisR cell line and presented a lower resistance factor compared to cisplatin. Moreover, the Pt(II) complexes under investigation were less prone to undergo deactivation by glutathione, believed to be the major cellular target of cisplatin that inactivates the drug by binding to it irreversibly.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chelating Agents', 'Cisplatin', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA Damage', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Platinum', 'Pyrazoles']
| 21,512,700
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.268.556.690', 'D01.268.956.734', 'D01.552.544.690'], ['D03.383.129.539']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Late type III endoleak from graft erosion of an Excluder stent graft: a case report.
|
We report a case of a late type III endoleak from a hole in the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft material of an Excluder bifurcated stent-graft approximately 12 months after implantation. The endoleak was successfully repaired by relining the defect site with an Excluder iliac limb. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of late graft-material related Type III endoleak involving the Excluder device.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Stents', 'Time Factors']
| 16,828,442
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E07.695.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Biosynthesis and supramolecular assembly of procollagen IV in neonatal lung.
|
The rate of biosynthesis of procollagen IV, the principal collagen of basement membranes, and the concentration of specific RNAs coding for procollagen IV were measured in neonatal rat lungs. Both decreased sharply at birth and then recovered again a few days later. The supramolecular assembly of procollagen IV was followed in neonatal rat, mouse, and chick lungs, which actively elaborate endothelial and alveolar basement membranes, and in chick embryo gizzard which is rich in smooth muscle. The tetramer of four procollagen IV molecules linked covalently through their amino ends was isolated as an assembly intermediate from all these tissues. While noncovalent association of the carboxyl ends of two procollagen IV molecules occurred readily, the subsequent establishment of covalent cross-links was substantially slower in the junctional complexes of the carboxyl ends than of the amino ends. Both disulfide bonds and other, unidentified covalent links formed. The six component carboxyl peptides of a junctional complex became progressively covalently linked into two kinds of carboxyl peptide pairs. We conclude that both amino-linked tetramers and carboxyl-linked dimers of procollagen IV molecules are intermediates in the biological assembly of the collagen networks of these basement membranes.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Basement Membrane', 'DNA', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gizzard, Non-avian', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Lung', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Procollagen', 'Rats']
| 3,536,952
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.308'], ['A13.433'], ['E05.478'], ['A04.411'], ['D05'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The classification of amyloid deposits in clinicopathological practice.
|
A series of 104 biopsy cases with histopathological proof of amyloid, submitted to our department of pathology over the last 19 years, were re-examined. The survey investigated the medical indication for surgery, the origin and quality of the biopsy and the clinical information as documented on the request form for histopathological examination and in hospital records. Amyloid deposits were classified using antisera directed against five major amyloid fibril proteins, i.e. AA, ATTR, A lambda, A kappa and A beta 2M and optimal conditions were sought for the reliable and early characterization of amyloid disease in clinicopathological practice. This survey revealed that 98% of the biopsy cases already suffered from a disease which was either a cause or a result of amyloidosis. In only 2% of the biopsy cases was amyloidosis detected without any clinical indication. Immunohistochemical classification of the amyloid deposits and comparison with hospital records demonstrated diagnostic pitfalls such as immunostaining of amyloid by two or more antibodies recognizing different fibril proteins, and disagreement between immunohistochemical typing of amyloid and the initial clinical diagnosis. Based on these observations we assume that the characterization of amyloid disease and its biological significance is impossible in clinicopathological practice without clinical information or without immunohistochemical classification of the fibril protein in biopsy specimens. Different aspects of histopathological detection of AA- and AL-amyloidosis are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyloid', 'Amyloidosis', 'Biopsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 8,910,040
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['C18.452.845.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis of thalidomide analogues as angiogenesis inhibitors.
|
Thalidomide, 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. As a result, there is renewed interest in this drug as a potential therapy for solid tumors. Thalidomide forms a number of metabolites and has been shown to require metabolic activation for antiangiogenic activity. A series of 39 compounds, based upon the structure of some of these metabolites, was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit microvessel growth in the rat aortic ring assay. The results of this testing have been used as the basis for a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study, utilizing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) procedures. The best resulting CoMFA and CoMSIA models have conventional r(2) values of 0.924 and 0.996, respectively. The cross-validated q(2) values are 0.666 and 0.635, respectively. These models offer insight into the structural requirements for activity of thalidomide analogues as angiogenesis inhibitors, since there is only speculative knowledge of the target. Additionally, it appears as though there is more than one active site or mechanism of action.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thalidomide']
| 15,084,120
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['E05.481'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.241.223.805.810.800', 'D03.383.621.808.800', 'D03.633.100.513.750.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of perceptual completion originates in information acquisition.
|
Adults have little difficulty perceiving objects as complete despite occlusion, but newborn infants perceive moving partly occluded objects solely in terms of visible surfaces. The developmental mechanisms leading to perceptual completion have never been adequately explained. Here, the authors examine the potential contributions of oculomotor behavior and motion sensitivity to perceptual completion performance in individual infants. Young infants were presented with a center-occluded rod, moving back and forth against a textured background, to assess perceptual completion. Infants also participated in tasks to assess oculomotor scanning patterns and motion direction discrimination. Individual differences in perceptual completion performance were strongly correlated with scanning patterns but were unrelated to motion direction discrimination. The authors present a new model of development of perceptual completion that posits a critical role for targeted visual scanning, an early developing oculomotor action system.
|
['Attention', 'Depth Perception', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Motion Perception', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Perceptual Closure', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Psychology, Child', 'Pursuit, Smooth']
| 18,793,055
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.200', 'F02.463.593.778.255'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F02.463'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.932.677'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['F04.096.628.193'], ['G14.350.453']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Systems-based approaches enable identification of gene targets which improve the flavour profile of low-ethanol wine yeast strains.
|
Metabolic engineering has been vital to the development of industrial microbes such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, sequential rounds of modification are often needed to achieve particular industrial design targets. Systems biology approaches can aid in identifying genetic targets for modification through providing an integrated view of cellular physiology. Recently, research into the generation of commercial yeasts that can produce reduced-ethanol wines has resulted in metabolically-engineered strains of S. cerevisiae that are less efficient at producing ethanol from sugar. However, these modifications led to the concomitant production of off-flavour by-products. A combination of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics was therefore used to investigate the physiological changes occurring in an engineered low-ethanol yeast strain during alcoholic fermentation. Integration of 'omics data identified several metabolic reactions, including those related to the pyruvate node and redox homeostasis, as being significantly affected by the low-ethanol engineering methodology, and highlighted acetaldehyde and 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane as the main off-flavour compounds. Gene remediation strategies were then successfully applied to decrease the formation of these by-products, while maintaining the 'low-alcohol' phenotype. The data generated from this comprehensive systems-based study will inform wine yeast strain development programmes, which, in turn, could potentially play an important role in assisting winemakers in their endeavour to produce low-alcohol wines with desirable flavour profiles.
|
['Flavoring Agents', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Genomics', 'Metabolic Engineering', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 30,138,679
|
[['D26.650.294', 'D27.720.372.300.353', 'D27.720.744.294', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400', 'J02.500.514.500.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.393.420.526', 'E05.481.500.311.249', 'J01.293.069.249.249'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glial reaction in the hippocampal formation is highly correlated with aging in human brain.
|
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biochemical marker of astrocytes and glial reaction, was quantified by immunoblotting in different brain areas from 33 non-demented patients with a Mini Mental State Examination score above 26 and aged from 12 to 98 years. An increase of GFAP with age was first found in the hippocampus and then in the entorhinal cortex. In both regions, GFAP amounts were correlated with age (r = 0.768). In the isocortex, the increase of GFAP as a function of age was also significant (r = 0.672), but less than for the hippocampal region. GFAP levels increased dramatically after the age of 65 years, and more especially in the hippocampal formation. This glial reaction was observed in aged controls that do not show cognitive impairment and the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Entorhinal Cortex', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Neuroglia', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Plaque, Amyloid', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 9,389,594
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.750.225', 'A08.186.211.180.710.225', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.750.225', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.620.562', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.695.374', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.750.562'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['C23.300.821'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of oral administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and a nutraceutical on thyroid function in dogs with osteoarthritis.
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of meloxicam; carprofen; and a slow-acting disease modifying osteoarthritis agent, that contains chondroitin sulfate, purified glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate (CS-G-M), on thyroid function in dogs. Forty-six healthy (except for osteoarthritis) euthyroid dogs were blindly assigned to 3 treatment groups: meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M. Each group received the recommended dose of the drug for 60 days. Sixteen other osteoarthritic euthyroid dogs, which received a placebo, were used as a control group to validate the study. For all groups, blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 to evaluate the serum total and free thyroxine, and endogenous thyrotropin concentrations. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups at each time or within each group over a 60-day period for all parameters. Moreover, none of these values were within the hypothyroid range. Based on the results of this study, the administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M did not affect canine thyroid function evaluation.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Autoantibodies', 'Carbazoles', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Glucosamine', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Manganese Compounds', 'Meloxicam', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Random Allocation', 'Thiazines', 'Thiazoles', 'Thyroid Function Tests', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,839,241
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D09.067.342.531'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D01.530'], ['D02.886.665.275', 'D02.886.675.448', 'D03.383.129.708.448', 'D03.383.855.275'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D02.886.665', 'D03.383.855'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['E01.370.374.750'], ['A06.300.900'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro study of hormone degradation by heart-lung machine with bubble oxygenator.
|
In the present experiment with heart-lung machine set in a closed system in vitro, the blood containing increased levels of hormones was circulated at 30 degrees C for 90 min and at 37 degrees C for 30 min; a fraction of the priming perfusate was studied in parallel at the same temperatures in an incubator. The level of growth hormone decreased gradually to a mean of 76% at 30 degrees C and no further decrease was found at 37 degrees C. The mean insulin level fell within 30 min to 32% and no substantial further changes were observed during the remaining period of study; re-warming failed to produce significant additional changes. Cortisol did not change appreciably. However, the oxygenator altered the level of catecholamines markedly. At 30 degrees C the initial level of noradrenaline fell precipitously to 9% within 30 min and this excessively low level was sustained throughout the study. Adrenaline showed even more pronounced changes. Denaturation of dopamine was less marked falling to about 70% within 30 min. The present experiment revealed that the levels of hormones respond differently to artificial oxygenation during extracorporeal circulation. Cortisol resisted degradation by the oxygenator, while growth hormone and insulin were denatured significantly. The moderate degradation of growth hormone by the machine may not play an important role during open heart surgery. However, a marked oxidation denaturation of catecholamines by 90% and 70% and denaturation of insulin by 70%, might prove relevant during surgery.
|
['Catecholamines', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Growth Hormone', 'Heart-Lung Machine', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Oxygenators', 'Thyroxine']
| 6,322,267
|
[['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['E04.292'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['E07.858.082.458'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['E07.652'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Imaging recognition events between human IgG and rat anti-human IgG by atomic force microscopy.
|
Chemically immobilized rat anti-human immunoglobulin (IgG) monolayers on thiols modified gold substrates were fabricated using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) method. The antibody monolayers were imaged before and after free human IgG treated, whilst recognition events between antigen and antibody were monitored by contact mode atomic force microscopy (CM-AFM) and tapping mode AFM (TM-AFM), with topographic and/or phase images being recorded. The obtained images with different surface compositions show distinct nanostructures, indicating occurrence of recognition and binding events of antigen-antibody. The size of the observed surface structures of the antibody monolayer, when tip broaden effect had been taken into account, was very close to the actual size of the antibody molecule. Thus, these results suggest CM-AFM is capable of, and proven satisfactory in detecting protein-protein interactions (PPIs), providing the sample was prepared appropriately and the scanning parameters were set adequately. Moreover, phase imaging can serve as a real time contrast enhancement technique to TM-AFM in terms of highlighting edges and clearly observing fine features.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Nanostructures', 'Particle Size', 'Rats']
| 20,813,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.071', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.071', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.071'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.712'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunological myelin disruption does not alter expression of regeneration-associated genes in intact or axotomized rubrospinal neurons.
|
The inability of axotomized neurons to regenerate within the CNS has been partially attributed to a number of inhibitory factors associated with CNS myelin that are extrinsic to the severed neurons. However, some neurons are capable of limited regeneration after injury and this ability has been shown to correlate with the expression of certain regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) intrinsic to injured neurons. It has therefore been postulated that neutralization of inhibitory factors, as well as the induction of an appropriate neuronal cell body response, would facilitate improved regrowth of injured CNS axons. In previous studies we have shown that immunological removal of myelin from the spinal cord facilitates axonal regeneration by rubrospinal neurons, as indicated by retrograde transport of a fluorescent dye placed distal to the site of injury. Here, we investigated whether the immunological focal removal of spinal cord myelin, following a thoracic spinal cord injury, concomitantly stimulated an increase in the expression of RAGs in rubrospinal neurons. In situ hybridization for Talpha-1 tubulin and GAP-43 at days 7, 14, and 21 revealed no significant increase in gene expression in rubrospinal neurons following immunological demyelination. The ability of various neuronal populations to sprout or slowly regrow without expressing the previously characterized cell body response is reviewed. We conclude that the recently demonstrated regeneration of rubrospinal tract, after immunologically directed spinal cord demyelination, is the result of either axonal sprouting or slow axonal regrowth without the increased expression of RAGs characteristic for fast axon regeneration.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Axotomy', 'GAP-43 Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurons', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Red Nucleus', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Tubulin']
| 10,785,453
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['D12.776.395.550.400', 'D12.776.543.550.400', 'D12.776.631.400'], ['G05.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.642'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['A02.835.232.834.892'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antioxidant properties of antiulcer Kampo medicines.
|
Kampo medicines, aqueous extracts of a mixture of natural crude drugs, have numerous ingredients. Recent pharmacologic studies on Kampo medicines have clarified their many and varied biological activities. In this study, based on recent research that has been directed toward the excellent antioxidant properties of Kampo medicines, we investigated antioxidant activities of three Kampo medicines (TJ-10, TJ-35, TJ-43), which are clinically used for gastritis or peptic ulcer, by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping method. These Kampo medicines, especially TJ-35 scavenged superoxide generated from the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, and slightly inhibited the superoxide generation from polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan. Three Kampo medicines, especially TJ-35 also inhibited the generation of hydroxyl radicals by the Fenton reaction. These results suggest that these antioxidant properties may be partly responsible for anti-ulcer actions of these three Kampo medicines, especially TJ-35.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Humans', 'Hydroxides', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Neutrophils', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Respiratory Burst', 'Superoxides']
| 8,282,212
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.045.250', 'D01.248.497.158.459'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G03.197.620', 'G04.270.620'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of secondary preparative parameters and aging effects on PLGA particle size distribution: a sedimentation field flow fractionation investigation.
|
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles in the 200-400-nm size range were formulated through nanoprecipitation and solvent evaporation methods. Different concentrations of the polymer and stabilizer (Pluronic® F 68) were tested in order to identify the best conditions for making poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles of suitable size, stable in time, and to be used as carriers for brain-targeting drugs. The particles with the best characteristics for delivery system design were those formulated by nanoprecipitation with an organic/water phase ratio of 2:30, a polymer concentration of 25 mg/mL, and a surfactant concentration of 0.83 mg/mL; their surface charge was reasonably negative (approximately -27 mV) and the average size of the almost monodisperse population was roughly 250 nm. Particle characterization was obtained through æ-potential measurements, scanning electron microscope observations, and particle size distribution determinations; the latter achieved by both photon-correlation spectroscopy and sedimentation field flow fractionation. Sedimentation field flow fractionation, which is considered more reliable than photon-correlation spectroscopy in describing the possible particle size distribution modifications, was used to investigate the effects of 3 months of storage at 4 °C had on the lyophilized particles. Figure Particle size ditribution from the SdFFF and the PCS techniques.
|
['Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Fractionation, Field Flow', 'Lactic Acid', 'Particle Size', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer', 'Surface Properties']
| 22,644,156
|
[['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.196.155.500'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['D02.241.511.459.450.500', 'D05.750.728.780.500', 'D25.720.728.780.500', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780.500'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethylene regulation of carotenoid accumulation and carotenogenic gene expression in colour-contrasted apricot varieties (Prunus armeniaca).
|
In order to elucidate the regulation mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apricot fruit (Prunus armeniaca), carotenoid content and carotenogenic gene expression were analysed as a function of ethylene production in two colour-contrasted apricot varieties. Fruits from Goldrich (GO) were orange, while Moniqui (MO) fruits were white. Biochemical analysis showed that GO accumulated precursors of the uncoloured carotenoids, phytoene and phytofluene, and the coloured carotenoid, beta-carotene, while Moniqui (MO) fruits only accumulated phytoene and phytofluene but no beta-carotene. Physiological analysis showed that ethylene production was clearly weaker in GO than in MO. Carotenogenic gene expression (Psy-1, Pds, and Zds) and carotenoid accumulation were measured with respect to ethylene production which is initiated in mature green fruits at the onset of the climacteric stage or following exo-ethylene or ethylene-receptor inhibitor (1-MCP) treatments. Results showed (i) systematically stronger expression of carotenogenic genes in white than in orange fruits, even for the Zds gene involved in beta-carotene synthesis that is undetectable in MO fruits, (ii) ethylene-induction of Psy-1 and Pds gene expression and the corresponding product accumulation, (iii) Zds gene expression and beta-carotene production independent of ethylene. The different results obtained at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels revealed the complex regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in apricots and led to suggestions regarding some possible ways to regulate it.
|
['Carotenoids', 'Color', 'Cyclopropanes', 'Ethylenes', 'Fruit', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Prunus']
| 15,911,563
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.533'], ['D02.455.326.271.367'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative cranial CT enhancement in a primate model of cerebral infarction.
|
The value of various enhancement techniques as opposed to nonenhanced CT scanning was compared in 15 baboons with cerebral infarction secondary to embolization of the left middle cerebral artery. The most prominent CT findings in infarction included an area of low absorption in the opercula--basal ganglia--centrum semiovale region and generalized lateral ventricular enlargement. Intravenous enhancement of the low-density region occurred in 25% of the animals and often obscured the preenhancement abnormality. However, a rapid bolus injection of contrast material followed by immediate consecutive CT scans (computed angiotomography) permitted prominent visualization of early-shunting veins. Delayed scanning following intrathecal enhancement better defined small infarctions that did not exhibit the usual cerebral blush. The CT imaging of inhaled xenon provides a new technique for evaluating subtle abnormalities in cerebral perfusion, even when the routine CT scan shows no abnormality.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Metrizamide', 'Papio', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 581,830
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced expression of a furin-cleavable proinsulin.
|
Cell engineering or gene therapy may represent an alternative to current methods of treating diabetes mellitus. Cells could be engineered to secrete insulin ex vivo for transplantation or the insulin gene could be administered directly by injection into muscle. A problem has been that non-neuroendocrine cells lack the endoproteases (PC3/1 and PC2) that are responsible for the processing of proinsulin to insulin. This can be surmounted by engineering the paired basic amino acid processing sites within proinsulin to sites that would be recognized by the ubiquitously expressed protease, furin. However, in every study to date, the expression of the furin-cleavable construct was greatly reduced relative to that of the unmodified proinsulin construct. We investigated possible causes for this, including mRNA stability, the presence of additional CpG islands, and the amino acid substitutions within furin-cleavable proinsulin. Several furin-cleavable rat proinsulin I cDNAs were engineered and used to transfect human HEK293, rat L6 and mouse C(2)C(12) cell lines. The stability of wild-type and furin-cleavable proinsulin mRNA in transfected C(2)C(12) cells was measured by RT-PCR. Comparison of the decay rates in the presence of actinomycin D showed no significant difference between the two species of mRNA. A furin-cleavable proinsulin cDNA was created to contain the same distribution of CpG islands as wild-type proinsulin. Comparison of insulin-like immunoreactivity in all three cell lines transfected with either this construct or a widely used furin-cleavable proinsulin containing additional CpG islands showed that the presence of the extra CpG islands had no effect. Studies to examine amino acid substitutions used to create furin consensus sequences showed that the addition of basic residues at the C-peptide/A-chain junction was responsible for the reduced production of furin-cleavable proinsulin. Using this information, we engineered a cDNA for furin-cleavable rat proinsulin I that was efficiently processed to mature insulin and expressed at the same level as wild-type proinsulin.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'CpG Islands', 'Dactinomycin', 'Furin', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscles', 'Proinsulin', 'RNA Stability', 'Rats']
| 14,664,719
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.353', 'D08.811.277.656.837.249', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.353'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500', 'D12.776.811.706'], ['G02.111.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does India need an indigenous HPV vaccine and why?
|
Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in Indian women, causing high morbidity and mortality. Two effective and safe vaccines exist, but these remain out of reach of most people due to their high cost. It is imperative that an Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine be affordable and cheap so that the target population can be vaccinated, to make a real impact in reducing the disease burden. We argue that in the long run India needs to develop and manufacture its own HPV vaccine in order to bridge this price gap. We also explore other strategies that can be adopted to increase the accessibility and affordability of this life-saving vaccine during the interim period.
|
['Female', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'India', 'Papillomavirus Vaccines', 'Prevalence', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 23,447,031
|
[['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D20.215.894.899.498'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome.
|
RATIONALE: Oxygen is commonly administered after extubation. Although several devices are available, data about their clinical efficacy are scarce.OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of the Venturi mask and the nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy on PaO2/FiO2SET ratio after extubation. Secondary endpoints were to assess effects on patient discomfort, adverse events, and clinical outcomes.METHODS: Randomized, controlled, open-label trial on 105 patients with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than or equal to 300 immediately before extubation. The Venturi mask (n = 52) or NHF (n = 53) were applied for 48 hours postextubation.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PaO2/FiO2SET, patient discomfort caused by the interface and by symptoms of airways dryness (on a 10-point numerical rating scale), interface displacements, oxygen desaturations, need for ventilator support, and reintubation were assessed up to 48 hours after extubation. From the 24th hour, PaO2/FiO2SET was higher with the NHF (287 ± 74 vs. 247 ± 81 at 24 h; P = 0.03). Discomfort related both to the interface and to airways dryness was better with NHF (respectively, 2.6 ± 2.2 vs. 5.1 ± 3.3 at 24 h, P = 0.006; 2.2 ± 1.8 vs. 3.7 ± 2.4 at 24 h, P = 0.002). Fewer patients had interface displacements (32% vs. 56%; P = 0.01), oxygen desaturations (40% vs. 75%; P < 0.001), required reintubation (4% vs. 21%; P = 0.01), or any form of ventilator support (7% vs. 35%; P < 0.001) in the NHF group.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the Venturi mask, NHF results in better oxygenation for the same set FiO2 after extubation. Use of NHF is associated with better comfort, fewer desaturations and interface displacements, and a lower reintubation rate. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01575353).
|
['Aged', 'Airway Extubation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Masks', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Inhalation Therapy', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Ventilator Weaning']
| 25,003,980
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.041.249', 'E05.008'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E07.325.877.500', 'E07.700.500', 'E07.858.594.750', 'J01.637.708.560.782'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.880.690'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['E02.041.625.950', 'E02.880.820.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Prognostic markers in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: initial neutrophil count, human neutrophil elastase and von Willebrand factor antigen.
|
The observed increase in plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) in patients with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome is presumed to be secondary to endothelial damage, which is a central event in these diseases. As the prognostic value of such changes has not been previously evaluated, vWF:Ag has been measured in plasma from children reported to a national survey of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Human neutrophil elastase was also measured, as an initial neutrophilia has been shown to have prognostic value in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Despite a significant elevation of plasma vWF:Ag concentration in these patients at presentation, the values did not correlate with the period of thrombocytopenia, the need for dialysis, or outcome. However, children with a poor outcome had significantly greater plasma elastase concentrations compared to those who had a good outcome.
|
['Antigens', 'Child', 'Diarrhea', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Neutrophils', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Prognosis', 'von Willebrand Factor']
| 1,881,576
|
[['D23.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['C12.777.419.936.463', 'C13.351.968.419.936.463', 'C15.378.071.141.610', 'C15.378.140.855.925.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.124.125.920', 'D23.119.985']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dose reduction in helical CT: dynamically adjustable z-axis X-ray beam collimation.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the dose reduction achieved with dynamically adjustable z-axis collimation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A commercial CT system was used to acquire CT scans with and without dynamic z-axis collimation. Dose reduction was measured as a function of pitch, scan length, and position for total incident radiation in air at isocenter, accumulated dose to the center of the scan volume, and accumulated dose to a point at varying distances from a scan volume of fixed length. Image noise was measured at the beginning and center of the scan.RESULTS: The reduction in total incident radiation in air at isocenter varied between 27% and 3% (pitch, 0.5) and 46% and 8% (pitch, 1.5) for scan lengths of 20 and 500 mm, respectively. Reductions in accumulated dose to the center of the scan were 15% and 29% for pitches of 0.5 and 1.5 for 20-mm scans. For scan lengths greater than 300 mm, dose savings were less than 3% for all pitches. Dose reductions 80 mm or farther from a 100-mm scan range were 15% and 40% for pitches of 0.5 and 1.5. With dynamic z-axis collimation, noise at the extremes of a helical scan was unchanged relative to noise at the center. Estimated reductions in effective dose were 16% (0.4 mSv) for the head, 10% (0.8 and 1.4 mSv) for the chest and liver, 6% (0.8 mSv) for the abdomen and pelvis, and 4% (0.4 mSv) and 55% (1.0 mSv) for coronary CT angiography at pitches of 0.2 and 3.4.CONCLUSION: Use of dynamic z-axis collimation reduces dose in helical CT by minimizing overscanning. Percentage dose reductions are larger for shorter scan lengths and greater pitch values.
|
['Humans', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Protection', 'Tomography, Spiral Computed']
| 20,028,890
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.671'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['N06.850.810.425'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Surveillance of patients affected by Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: diagnostic value of MR enterography in prone and supine position.
|
INTRODUCTION: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a familial polyposis syndrome characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of our study was to retrospectively determine the diagnostic value of MR enterography (MRE), performed in supine and prone position, in the detection of small bowel polyps in PJ patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MRE examinations of 8 PJS patients who underwent MRE, pushed-double-ballon enteroscopy, laparoscopic endoscopy or surgery, within 3 months. Polietilenglicole was orally administered before the examination. True FISP and HASTE sequences were acquired in supine and prone position; 3D VIBE Gd-enhanced sequences in prone position only.RESULTS: Concordance between MRE and endoscopy was 72.6% for polyps <15 mm, 93% for polyps >15 mm. In supine and prone position concordance with endoscopy for polyps <15 mm was 63% and 66.8%, respectively. In the detection of smaller polyps the difference between supine position only and supine plus prone position was statistically significant (P < 0.027).DISCUSSION: MRE performed by combining prone and supine position was accurate in the detection of PJS polyps, with 93% concordance with enteroscopy for larger and more risky polyps. MRE offers a promising and non invasive alternative to capsule endoscopy, suggesting the possibility of an effective yearly surveillance in PJ patients.
|
['Adult', 'Contrast Media', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prone Position', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Supine Position']
| 21,538,021
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.700.633', 'C06.405.469.578.750', 'C16.320.700.667', 'C17.800.621.430.530.550.625'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['G11.427.695.525'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G11.427.695.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The positive effects of postnatal handling on defensive burying are more obvious in a situation that enlarges the potential coping responses.
|
A recent study reported few effects of postnatal handling in the defensive burying test. Since the importance of testing conditions has been emphasised in this paradigm, the lack of handling effects in this test could be attributed to the testing situation. Our experiment was carried out to test whether postnatal handling in DA/HAN strain rats have positive effects in two situations of the defensive burying test: a no-hide situation, in which avoidance of the probe was not possible, and a hide situation, in which animals were allowed to avoid the probe by sheltering in a hiding compartment. Our results showed no difference between control and handled rats defensive reactions in the no-hide situation. However, the general coping style of handled rats was different, mostly by a higher level of exploration of the apparatus and of the probe. In the hide situation, the time spent burying the probe was significantly lower in handled rats and they also spent less time in the hiding compartment. Those results, along with approach/avoidance behaviours directed towards the probe demonstrate that postnatal handling do have some positive effects in the defensive burying test. In addition, our results also point out that testing situations in which complex coping strategies are available are appropriate to test the effects of early stimulation such as handling.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Anxiety', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Handling, Psychological', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 12,385,791
|
[['F01.058'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['F01.658.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High affinity hydroxypiperidine analogues of 4-(2-benzhydryloxyethyl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine for the dopamine transporter: stereospecific interactions in vitro and in vivo.
|
In our effort to develop high-affinity ligands for the dopamine transporter which might find potential use as cocaine medication, a polar hydroxy substituent was introduced into the piperidine ring of one of our disubstituted lead analogues derived from 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)-ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR 12935). Both cis- and trans-3-hydroxy derivatives were synthesized and the racemic trans isomer, (+/-)-5, was further resolved into two enantiomers. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized for their binding affinity at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporter systems in rat brain. The two enantiomers (+)-5 and (-)-5 exhibited marked differential affinities at the dopamine transporter with (+)-5 being 122-fold more potent than (-)-5 in inhibiting radiolabeled cocaine analogue binding (IC(50); 0.46 vs 56.7 nM) and 9-fold more active for inhibiting dopamine uptake (IC(50); 4.05 vs 38.0 nM). Furthermore, the most active (+)-5 was 22-fold more potent at the dopamine transporter compared to the standard GBR 12909. Absolute configuration of one of the enantiomers was determined unambiguously by X-ray structural analysis. In in vivo locomotor activity studies, the enantiomer (+)-5 and the racemic (+/-)-5, but not (-)-5, exhibited stimulant activity with a long duration of effect. All three compounds, (+)-5, (-)-5, and (+/-)-5, within the dose range tested, partially (50%) but incompletely (80%) produced cocaine-like responses in mice trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg ip cocaine from vehicle. Compound (-)-5 was distinctive in this regard in that, unlike (+)-5 and (+/-)-5, it did not affect locomotor activity yet, but similar to them, was able to engender (albeit incompletely) cocaine-like responses.
|
['Animals', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cocaine', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Motor Activity', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Piperidines', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Rats', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Symporters']
| 12,646,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.124', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.124', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.500'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.220', 'D27.505.519.625.150.800', 'D27.505.519.625.600.220', 'D27.505.696.577.150.800', 'D27.505.696.577.600.220'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.186', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.600', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.186', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.700'], ['D03.383.621'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.311', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.624', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.374', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.747'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of sublethal injury in decline of bacterial populations in lake water.
|
Following their addition to lake water, the populations of Escherichia coli and of antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Micrococcus flavus, Rhizobium meliloti, and Klebsiella pneumoniae declined rapidly, as determined by counting on media containing antibacterial compounds. The estimates of population sizes were occasionally higher if procedures were used that permitted possible resuscitation of injured cells. No resuscitation procedure yielded consistently higher estimates of populations of surviving cells than the use of selective media alone. The patterns of survival of the test bacteria in lake water amended with eucaryotic inhibitors were essentially the same whether a resuscitation procedure was used or not, and the patterns of survival in sterile lake water or buffer were the same whether counts were made on selective media or on media without antibacterial agents. On the basis of the methods used to show sublethal injury caused by stress, we suggest that such injury to the test bacteria is not a significant factor involved in their decline in lake water.
|
['Bacteria', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Culture Media', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fresh Water', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Micrococcus', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens', 'Rhizobium', 'Water Microbiology']
| 3,145,714
|
[['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['B03.510.024.850.500', 'B03.510.400.500.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.325', 'B03.660.250.580.590.210'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.800', 'B03.585.900', 'B03.660.050.662.670'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantification of main bioactive metabolites from saffron (Crocus sativus) stigmas by a micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method.
|
Saffron is an expensive spice, cultivated in many regions of the world. Its chief metabolites include crocins, which are responsible for the coloring ability, safranal, which is the main essential oil constituent, and picrocrocin which is the main bitter constituent of the spice. A simple micellar capillary electrochromatographic (MEKC) method capable of quantifying all three types of main constituents was established. The pH, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) content and electrolyte concentration of the background electrolyte was optimized. A simple extraction protocol was developed which can extract all metabolites of different polarity from the saffron stigmas. Optimal background electrolyte composed of 20 mM disodium phosphate, 5mM sodium tetraborate, 100 mM SDS, pH was set 9.5. Optimal extracting solvent was the background electrolyte, incubated with the sample for 60 min. The proposed method allows quantification of picrocrocin, safranal, crocetin- Di-(â-D-gentiobiosyl) ester and crocetin (â-D-glycosyl)-(â-D-gentiobiosyl) ester within 17.5 min, with limit of detection values ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 mg/ml, from a single stigma.
|
['Carotenoids', 'Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary', 'Crocus', 'Cyclohexenes', 'Electrolytes', 'Glucosides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Limit of Detection', 'Micelles', 'Plant Extracts', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Solvents', 'Terpenes']
| 22,464,563
|
[['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['E05.196.181.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.400.500'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.379'], ['D01.248'], ['D09.408.348'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D02.455.849']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The sequence of gene expression in cultured human saphenous vein after injury.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was a description of changes in gene expression that occur in response to mechanical injury of cultured human saphenous vein.METHODS: Restriction fragment differential display (Display Systems Biotech, Vista, Calif) was used for the comparison of the gene expression profile in seven sets of vein, with the first set representing gene expression at the time of harvest of the vein and the other six sets representing different lengths of time in culture with or without crush injury. All seven sets were from a single, freshly harvested vein. Each set contained eight separate vein segments. The first set (Set 1) was taken from the freshly harvested vein, and the RNA was immediately extracted. This set reflects the in vivo gene expression profile at the time of harvest. Three sets of vein segments (Sets 2, 4, and 6) were cultured for 24, 48, or 72 hours after harvest (culture only). Three sets of vein segments (Sets 3, 5, and 7) were harvested, crush-injured, and then cultured for 24, 48, or 72 hours (crush injury + culture). The gene expression profiles of these six cultured sets of vein segments were compared with the gene expression profile of the set of vein segments that were obtained at harvest.RESULTS: The crush injury of the vein segments resulted in the up-regulated expression of 21 identified (including inducible nitric oxide synthase) and nine unknown genes and in the down-regulated expression of eight identified and seven unknown genes within the first 72 hours after harvest. The vein segments that were cultured without crush injury had the up-regulated expression of nine identified and seven unknown genes and the down-regulated expression of five identified (including platelet-derived growth factor-B and transforming growth factor-beta2) and seven unknown genes within the first 72 hours after harvest. The pattern of gene regulation after transmural crush injury revealed eight genes whose products support cell migration and seven genes whose products oppose cell proliferation.CONCLUSION: The comparison of gene expression between those vein segments designated culture only and those vein segments designated crush injury and culture shows that some cells of the vein segments express phenotypic changes that are consistent with cell migration. Further studies of gene expression changes in vitro may elucidate the endogenous response of vascular tissue to injury.
|
['Cell Movement', 'Culture Techniques', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 11,802,146
|
[['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['E05.481.500'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adrenal myelolipomas: CT appearance with tiny amounts of fat and punctate calcification.
|
Five cases of myelolipoma of the adrenal are presented which contained only tiny foci of fat along with areas of punctate calcification. This computed tomographic (CT) appearance is less common for this neoplasm and has only been described in three of 26 previously published CT cases of this adrenal tumor. The presence of even tiny amounts of fat in an adrenal mass should alert the radiologist to the probable diagnosis of myelolipoma. Small foci of calcification are also frequently associated.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms', 'Aged', 'Calcinosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,595,871
|
[['C04.588.322.078.265', 'C19.053.098.265', 'C19.053.347.500', 'C19.344.078.265'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of lipolysis and cyclic AMP synthesis through energy supply in isolated human fat cells.
|
The effects of glucose and of various inhibitors of glycolysis or of oxidative phosphorylation on stimulated lipolysis and on intracellular cyclic AMP and ATP levels were investigated in isolated human fat cells. The glycolysis inhibitors, NaF and monoiodoacetate, inhibited epinephrine or theophylline-stimulated lipolysis and parallely reduced the intracellular cyclic AMP and ATP levels; however, neither NaF nor monoidoacetate significantly affected dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced lipolysis. Removal of glucose from the medium also reduced the rate of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis and the intracellular cyclic AMP and ATP levels but failed to modify the lipolytic activity of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, antimycin A and, under fixed conditions, 2,4-dinitrophenol also strongly decreased the adipocyte cyclic AMP and ATP levels but inhibited as well the rate of epinephrine- and of dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced lipolysis. N-Ethylmaleimide, a mixed glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, not only reduced the intracellular cyclic AMP and ATP levels and epinephrine- or theophylline-induced lipolysis, but also that stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. When glycolysis was almost fully inhibited, human fat cells were insensitive to epinephrine but remained fully responsive to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These results, showing a relationship between ATP availability, cyclic AMP synthesis and lipolysis, suggest a different ATP requirement for cyclic AMP synthesis and triacylglycerol lipase activation, a difference which could explain why ATP issued from glucose breakdown appears to be a determinant factor for cyclic AMP synthesis, but not for triacylglycerol lipase activation in human fat cells.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Antimycin A', 'Bucladesine', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Dinitrophenols', 'Epinephrine', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iodoacetates', 'Lipid Mobilization', 'Omentum', 'Theophylline']
| 189,821
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D02.540.576.500.750'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.304', 'D02.640.743.304'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.241.081.018.487', 'D02.455.526.581.247'], ['G03.458.500.500'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.573'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frequency domain fluorometry: theory and application.
|
Frequency domain fluorometry is a widely utilized tool in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. This chapter focuses on the theory of the method and the practical aspects required to carry out intensity decay, i.e., lifetime measurements on a modern frequency domain fluorometer. Several chemical/biological systems are utilized to illustrate data acquisition protocols. Data analysis procedures and methodologies are also discussed.
|
['Fluorescence', 'Fluorometry', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Biology']
| 24,108,624
|
[['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['E05.599.595'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Culture moderates children's responses to ostracism situations.
|
Across a series of studies, we investigated cultural differences in children's responses to ostracism situations. Working with the children of farmers and herders, we focused on how painful children estimate ostracism to be. Study 1a showed that 4- to 8-year-old children from a socially interdependent farming community estimated ostracism to be less painful than did children from an independent herding community. Study 1b showed that this cultural difference was specific to social pain and did not apply to physical pain. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1a and showed that individual differences in parents' level of social interdependence mediated the relationship between cultural group and how painful children estimate ostracism to be. Study 3 replicated this effect again and showed that children's tendency to recommend seeking social support following ostracism mediated the relationship between cultural group and the perceived pain of being excluded. Finally, Study 4 investigated cultural differences in moral responses to ostracism and showed that children from the farming community punished an individual who ostracized someone else less harshly than did children from the independent herding community. Thus different economic cultures are associated with striking differences in social interdependence and responses to ostracism from early in development. (PsycINFO Database Record
|
['Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rural Population', 'Social Isolation', 'Social Perception', 'Social Support', 'Turkey']
| 27,176,774
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.600.725'], ['F01.145.813.781', 'I01.880.853.748'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in oral glucose intolerance.
|
The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic base of psychoneurological symptoms, most notably tiredness and loss of concentration ability, appearing after carbohydrate-rich meals and during oral glucose tolerance tests. Such metabolic changes may be the cause of many accidents attributed to the "human factor". Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed in healthy volunteers, divided into symptomatic (n = 21) and symptom-free (n = 15) groups. Since the symptoms arising during OGTT simulate those in alcohol intoxication, a method for clinical examination of alcohol intoxication was used to separate symptom-free from symptomatic subjects. Comparison of blood glucose concentrations during OGTT revealed the symptomatic group to have higher concentrations in blood samples taken 15 min (p less than 0.05), 30 min (p less than 0.01), 45, 60 and 90 min (p less than 0.05) after intake of glucose than those having no symptoms. The symptoms began when the glucose concentration was at maximum, some 38 min (mean value) following the ingestion of glucose. The symptomatic subjects demonstrated a normal assimilation rate of glucose (mean 1.7 %/min) as tested with intravenous glucose tolerance tests and the differences in blood glucose concentrations between the groups is concluded to depend on the rate of absorption of glucose from the intestinal tract. The enterochromaffine cells of the intestinal tract are the site of biosynthesis, storage and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin). In whole blood practically all of the 5-HT is of thrombocytic origin. Thrombocytes are thought to be peripheral models of 5-HT neurons in regard to 5-HT uptake, storage release and metabolism. Thrombocytes have a mechanism for 5-HT uptake analogous to the reuptake mechanism for 5-HT in the serotonergic nerve terminals. The whole blood 5-HT changes parallel changes in the 5-HT concentrations of the neurons. In this work 5-HT concentrations were measured during OGTT in whole blood to ascertain the possible relation between 5-HT changes and glucose absorption. For this purpose a reliable, fluorometric method for 5-HT was developed with the following improvements: In whole EDTA-blood the oxidation of 5-HT was prevented with ascorbic acid. The oxidation of hemoglobin iron to ferri-iron was prevented with carbon monoxide, because 5-HT, being a phenol, will otherwise form a complex with ferri-iron. Proteins were precipitated with perchloric acid and the supernatant neutralized before purification of 5-HT by cation exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Serotonin', 'Swine', 'Vision Tests']
| 6,581,528
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.369'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F04.711'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.370.380.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The three human T-lymphotropic virus type I subtypes arose from three geographically distinct simian reservoirs.
|
To investigate the origin of human T-lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I), strains of diverse geographical origin were analysed. We sequenced the LTR and env genes of HTLV-I strains from Brazil, Central African Republic, Taiwan and Zaire, and the simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) strain PHSu1 from a baboon from the Sukhumi primate centre. We performed phylogenetic analyses using neighbour-joining, parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Three separate HTLV-I clusters were identified interspersed between STLV-I clusters. The Brazilian and the Taiwanese strains were within the first well-supported cluster containing all cosmopolitan HTLV-I strains flanked by west African STLV-I strains. The HTLV-I strains from Central African Republic and Zaire fell into a central African cluster close to the chimpanzee STLV-I isolates. The third well-supported cluster included all Melanesian HTLV-I strains and had Indonesian STLV-I strains as closest neighbours. Therefore, currently known HTLV-I strains represent three HTLV-I subtypes that most probably have originated from three geographically distinct interspecies transmission events. The highly divergent PHSu1, isolated from Papio hamadryas, was closely related to PCY-991, isolated from Papio cynocephalus, both from the Sukhumi primate centre. Both clustered together with Asian wild-caught rhesus macaque STLV-I strains suggesting recent interspecies transmission of virus from rhesus macaques to colony-bred African baboons at the Sukhumi primate centre. In the rooted env trees obtained using the STLV strain PH969 as an outgroup, the Asian strains branched off before the African strains, implying an Asian origin for HTLV/STLV type I based on presently available strains.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Genes, env', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Papio', 'Phylogeny', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1']
| 8,627,240
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.172'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.750', 'B04.613.807.805.851', 'B04.820.650.200.725.755', 'B04.820.650.805.851']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of portion size and energy density on young children's intake at a meal.
|
BACKGROUND: Large portions of energy-dense foods are one feature of obesity-promoting dietary environments. Entr?e portion size has been shown to influence energy intake at meals by young children. The role of energy density (ED) in children's response to portion size, however, is unknown.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test the effects of portion size and ED on children's food and energy intakes at a meal.DESIGN: Participants were 53 (28 girls and 25 boys; 15 Hispanic, 20 black, 16 white, 2 other race) 5- to 6-y-old children [mean (+/-SD) body mass index percentile: = 61 +/- 28]. A 2 x 2 within-subjects design was used to manipulate entr?e portion size (250 compared with 500 g) and ED (1.3 compared with 1.8 kcal/g). Fixed portions of other familiar foods were provided. Weighed intake, food preference, and weight and height data were obtained.RESULTS: Effects of portion size (P<0.0001) and ED (P<0.0001) on entr?e energy intake were independent but additive. Energy intake from other foods at the meal did not vary across conditions. Compared with the reference portion size and ED condition, children consumed 76% more energy from the entr?e and 34% more energy at the meal when served the larger, more energy-dense entr?e. Effects did not vary by sex, age, entr?e preference, or body mass index z score.CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide new evidence that portion size and ED act additively to promote energy intake at meals among preschool-aged children.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 17,616,778
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: evidence for new sexual orientation identities.
|
A sample of 1,784 individuals responded to an online survey advertised on the Facebook social networking website. We explored the sexual orientation continuum by focusing on three components: self-reported sexual orientation identity, sexual attraction, and sexual partners. Results supported a 5-category classification of identity (heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly gay/lesbian, gay/lesbian) in that two added identity labels (mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian) were frequently chosen by participants and/or showed unique patterns of attraction and partners, distinct from their adjacent identities (heterosexual and bisexual, and bisexual and gay/lesbian, respectively). Those who reported an exclusive label (heterosexual, gay/lesbian) were not necessarily exclusive in other components; a significant minority of heterosexuals and the majority of gays/lesbians reported some attraction and/or partners toward their nonpreferred sex. The five identity groups differed in attraction and partners in a manner consistent with a continuous, rather than a categorical, distribution of sexual orientation. Findings also supported a sexual orientation continuum as consisting of two, rather than one, distinct dimensions (same- and other-sex sexuality). Having more same-sex sexuality did not necessarily imply having less other-sex sexuality, and vice versa. More men than women were at the exclusive ends of the continuum; however, men were not bimodally distributed in that a significant minority reported nonexclusivity in their sexuality.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Self Concept', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sexuality', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,327,566
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['F01.145.802.975', 'G08.686.867'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli mutants with a non-functional glyoxylate cycle.
|
The phosphorylation of NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase in an isocitrate lyase and in a malate synthase mutant of Escherichia coli has been investigated. The results clearly demonstrate that isocitrate dehydrogenase may undergo an acetate-induced phosphorylation in organisms which do not have a functional glyoxylate cycle. This observation, together with those reported in Salmonella typhimurium, suggest that the current notion concerning the interrelationship between the glyoxylate cycle and the reversible phosphorylation of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase in microbial physiology should be reevaluated, and that phosphoenolpyruvate may be a key factor in the regulation of the reversible covalent modification of this enzyme in vivo.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glyoxylates', 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase', 'Mutation', 'Phosphorylation']
| 6,347,712
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.241.152.367'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.475'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between ruptured membranes, tocolytic therapy, and respiratory distress syndrome.
|
Two hundred ninety-seven patients from the placebo group of the National Institutes of Health Collaborative Study on Antenatal Steroid Therapy for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome were selected for analysis to investigate a possible association between premature rupture of the membranes, tocolytic therapy, and respiratory distress syndrome. Both premature rupture of the membranes and tocolytic therapy with isoxsuprine were individually associated with a lowered incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. However, when present together, their protective effect was not additive and resulted in a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. It is suggested that the use of tocolytic therapy with beta-adrenergic agents be restricted to patients with intact membranes.
|
['Amniotic Fluid', 'Female', 'Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Isoxsuprine', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Pregnancy', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn', 'Sphingomyelins']
| 6,695,972
|
[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['C13.703.420.339'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D02.033.100.624.427', 'D02.033.755.624.427', 'D02.092.471.683.560'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563'], ['D09.400.410.420.525.870', 'D10.390.470.675.870', 'D10.570.755.893', 'D10.570.877.360.612.870']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hemicholinium-3 binding: correlation with high-affinity choline uptake during changes in cholinergic activity.
|
The binding of hemicholinium-3 was measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum after treatment with cholinergic agonists and antagonists in order to examine its utility as an index of presynaptic cholinergic regulation. The binding of muscarinic receptors and the high affinity uptake of choline were examined in the same tissue. Subacute treatment with physostigmine or arecoline decreased all three parameters, while they were increased by treatment with atropine. The binding of hemicholinium-3 correlated significantly with the high affinity uptake of choline. It may therefore be a useful reflection of this phase of cholinergic regulation, under conditions where measurement of the uptake of choline is not feasible, including autoradiographic and post mortem studies.
|
['Animals', 'Choline', 'Hemicholinium 3', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Parasympathetic Nervous System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Specimen Handling']
| 3,419,544
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['D02.092.877.435', 'D02.675.276.435'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['A08.800.050.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic Reduction in Left Ventricular Protein Kinase C-á and Adverse Ventricular Remodeling in Human Subjects.
|
BACKGROUND: Inhibition of PKC-á (protein kinase C-á) enhances contractility and cardioprotection in animal models, but effects in humans are unknown. Genotypes at rs9912468 strongly associate with PRKCA expression in the left ventricle, enabling genetic approaches to measure effects of reduced PKC-á in human populations.METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the cis expression quantitative trait locus for PRKCA marked by rs9912468 using 313 left ventricular specimens from European Ancestry patients. The forward strand minor allele (G) at rs9912468 is associated with reduced PKC-á transcript abundance (1.7-fold reduction in minor allele homozygotes, P=1?10-41). This association was cardiac specific in expression quantitative trait locus data sets that span 16 human tissues. Cardiac epigenomic data revealed a predicted enhancer in complete (R2=1.0) linkage disequilibrium with rs9912468 within intron 2 of PRKCA. We cloned this region and used reporter constructs to verify cardiac-specific enhancer activity in vitro in cardiac and noncardiac cells and in vivo in zebrafish. The PRKCA enhancer contains 2 common genetic variants and 4 haplotypes; the haplotype correlated with the rs9912468 PKC-á-lowering allele (G) showed lowest activity. In contrast to previous reports in animal models, the PKC-á-lowering allele is associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling (higher mass, larger diastolic dimension), reduced fractional shortening, and higher risk of dilated cardiomyopathy in human populations.CONCLUSIONS: These findings support PKC-á as a regulator of the human heart but suggest that PKC-á inhibition may adversely affect the left ventricle depending on timing and duration. Pharmacological studies in human subjects are required to discern potential benefits and harms of PKC-á inhibitors as an approach to treat heart disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Kinase C-alpha', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Ventricular Remodeling', 'Zebrafish']
| 29,540,468
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['G05.348.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of various pyrethroid structures against a highly metabolically resistant isogenic strain of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China.
|
BACKGROUND: Resistance to pyrethroids and other types of insecticides in Helicoverpa armigera (H?bner) has been documented in many countries. The isolation of specific resistance mechanisms in isogenic strains is an optimal approach to investigate cross-resistance pattern, and to validate resistance breaking pyrethroids. In this study an isogenic metabolic resistance CMR strain was successfully isolated from a field pyrethroid-resistant population of H. armigera. With this strain, cross-resistance among 19 pyrethroid insecticides with varying chemical structures was analysed.RESULTS: Resistance to pyrethroids in the CMR strain was likely to be due to enhanced oxidative metabolism. The most significant cross-resistance in the CMR strain was between pyrethroids such as fenvalerate, tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin characterised by having both phenoxybenzyl and aromatic acid moieties. Substitution of the phenoxybenzyl group with a polyfluorobenzyl group, as in tefluthrin, benfluthrin and transfluthrin, overcame most of this resistance.CONCLUSION: The findings in this study support the assertion that it is possible to find pyrethroids that are active against resistant populations. Such pyrethroids could be considered as possible partners or resistance breaking pyrethroids in a pyrethroid resistance management programme for H. armigera in China and in other Asian countries where the oxidative metabolism resistance is a dominant mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Insecticide Resistance', 'Insecticides', 'Molecular Structure', 'Moths', 'Pesticide Synergists', 'Piperonyl Butoxide', 'Pyrethrins']
| 17,685,437
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G07.690.773.984.491'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['D27.720.031.700.748', 'D27.888.723.748'], ['D03.383.246.118.600', 'D03.633.100.115.600'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Self-assembled nanoparticles comprising aptide-SN38 conjugates for use in targeted cancer therapy.
|
Self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively utilized as cancer drug delivery carriers because hydrophobic anticancer drugs may be efficiently loaded into the particle cores. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated the therapeutic index of self-assembled NPs chemically conjugated to a fibronectin extra domain B-specific peptide (APTEDB) and an anticancer agent SN38. The APTEDB-SN38 formed self-assembled structures with a diameter of 58 ± 3 nm in an aqueous solution and displayed excellent drug loading, solubility, and stability properties. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that the blood circulation half-life of SN38 following injection of the APTEDB-SN38 NPs was markedly higher than that of the small molecule CPT-11. The APTEDB-SN38 NPs delivered SN38 to tumor sites by both passive and active targeting. Finally, the APTEDB-SN38 NPs exhibited potent antitumor activities and low toxicities against EDB-expressing tumors (LLC, U87MG) in mice. This system merits further preclinical and clinical investigations for SN38 delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Carriers', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasms']
| 27,804,918
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['C04']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the growth inhibitory and increased phosphatidylinositol (PI) responses induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in A431 cells.
|
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibited the growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. The tumor promoting, phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also retarded A431 cell growth. Addition of both TPA and EGF inhibited cell growth in an additive or synergistic manner depending upon the initial plating density of the cultures. EGF increased the production of diacylglycerol (60-70%) and stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) from 3H-inositol (three- to fourfold increase). Both of these responses were attenuated in the presence of TPA. TPA alone stimulated the production of diacylglycerol (DG) but had little effect on PI synthesis. The biological effect of TPA appeared to be mediated by the presence of a high-affinity receptor for phorbol esters on A431 cells. Moreover, the binding of 125I-EGF to A431 cells was unaffected by TPA, suggesting that the antagonistic effects of TPA were occurring distal to the EGF receptor. These findings also indicated that although TPA and EGF both inhibited A431 cell growth, this effect could be dissociated from changes in PI synthesis but may be dependent upon transient changes in DG production.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Diglycerides', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Phorbol Esters', 'Phorbols', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 6,311,852
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D10.351.303'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510'], ['D02.455.849.291.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid retrovirus titration using competitive polymerase chain reaction.
|
A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure has been developed for rapid retrovirus titration. This procedure, which is based on the simultaneous amplification of the sample with known amounts of a competitor DNA fragment (competitive PCR), was used for the quantification of viral RNA genomes in retrovirus-producing cell clone supernatants and of proviral DNA molecules formed at 24 h after infection of different reference cell lines. The results obtained from the analysis of several samples indicated that proviral DNA quantification is in complete agreement with the number of selectable colonies in a standard colony assay. Conversely, the number of viral RNA genomes in the producer cell clone supernatants is a poor predictor of the actual efficiency of infection. Repeated competitive PCR experiments for provirus copy number determination at different times after transduction indicated that the number of proviral DNA molecules remains stable over time, suggesting stable integration into the host genome. The developed procedure is rapid and simple, is applicable to retroviral constructs not containing a selectable gene and can be used to directly measure the efficiency of infection of any target cell type, thus overcoming the problem of the dependency of retroviral titer determination on the rate of expression of a selectable gene and on the efficiency of colony formation of a reference cell line.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proviruses', 'Retroviridae', 'Titrimetry']
| 8,854,093
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B04.725'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['E05.196.922']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paracellular diffusion in Caco-2 cell monolayers: effect of perturbation on the transport of hydrophilic compounds that vary in charge and size.
|
We applied the principles of molecular-size-restricted diffusion within a negative electrostatic field of force to follow the changes in the aqueous pore radius of tight junctions (TJs) induced by perturbants and the accompanying influence on the permeation of neutral (urea and mannitol), cationic (methylamine and atenolol), and anionic (formate and lactate) compounds that vary in size. The perturbants included palmitoyl-DL-carnitine (PC), which opens TJs by an unknown Ca++-independent mechanism, and ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca++ chelator. Mass transfer resistances of the collagen-coated filter support and the aqueous boundary layers were factored out to yield paracellular permeability coefficients (P[P]). As viewed from the P(P) values of urea and mannitol, EGTA exhibited insignificant effects on pore size at low concentrations compared with control, and then caused a dramatic opening of the TJs over a narrow concentration range (1.35-1.4 mM). The P(P) values for urea and mannitol remained constant at >1.4 mM EGTA. However, PC produced dose-dependent responses from O to 0.15 mM that plateaued at >0.15 mM. In general, cations permeated the cellular TJs faster and anions slower than their neutral images. The effects of changes in pore size (4.6 to 14.6 A in effective radius) on the ability of these solutes to permeate the TJs were analyzed by the Renkin molecular sieving function. These studies established an experimental, theoretical, and quantitative template to assess perturbants of the TJ and define the limits, short of detrimental effects, at which the TJs may be sufficiently perturbed for maximal enhancement of permeation of solutes varying in size and charge.
|
['Atenolol', 'Biological Transport', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Chelating Agents', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Diffusion', 'Drug Interactions', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Formates', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Mannitol', 'Methylamines', 'Palmitoylcarnitine', 'Solutions', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tight Junctions', 'Urea']
| 9,344,165
|
[['D02.033.100.624.698.070', 'D02.033.755.624.698.070', 'D02.092.063.624.698.070'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['D02.092.668'], ['D02.092.877.883.099.700'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study on the effect of reamed and nonreamed intramedullary nails on treating open tibial fractures.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of reamed and nonreamed intramedullary interlocking nails on treating open tibial fractures.METHODS: From February 2002 to February 2004, 92 cases of open tibial fractures (86 patients) were treated with intramedullary interlocking nails. Of the 86 patients, 65 were male and 21 were female. Their age ranged from 18 to 68 years (36.5 on average). Of the 92 cases, 54 were in the reamed group and 38 in the nonreamed group. Patients moved with the support of crutch after their wounds were healed.RESULTS: All patients were followed up regularly for 6 to 24 months. Infection rate in the reamed group and nonreamed group was 20.3% and 5.3% respectively, and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The average healing time of the fractures was 22.5 weeks in reamed group and 19 weeks in nonreamed group, and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Delayed unions occurred in 8 cases and 3 cases in reamed group and nonreamed group respectively.CONCLUSION: Compared with reamed group, nonreamed intramedullary interlocking nails have lower infection rate and fewer delayed unions and unions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Nails', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary', 'Fractures, Open', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tibial Fractures']
| 16,457,440
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300.300'], ['C26.404.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Contribution of air computerized tomography of the joint in the assessment of algo-dysfunctional syndromes of the mastication system].
|
The prospective study of evaluation temporomandibular dysfunction by air computerized tomography of the joint are reported. The authors propose a new injection technique of both articular compartments by CT Scan location. With thin sagittal computed tomography sections, closed mouth and open mouth position, this study is made. Preliminary data from air computerized tomography of the joint imaging show directly the disk with anterior and posterior attachments. The authors present the normal results and major pathology found in the evaluationof temporomandibular dysfunction. CT Scan puncture is more precise. The air computerized tomography imaging of the joint was undoubtedly superior to that of conventional opaque joint tomography, but dynamic notion is much less than in the absence of videoscopy.
|
['Air', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Prospective Studies', 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,309,085
|
[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907'], ['C05.500.607.221.897.897', 'C05.550.905.905', 'C05.651.243.897.897', 'C05.651.550.905', 'C07.320.610.291.897.897', 'C07.678.949'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protective effect of syringic acid on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.
|
The objective of the present study was to determine whether preischemic administration of syringic acid (SA) would attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Rats were divided into three groups: Sham group; IR group; and IR + SA group. The effects of SA were examined using biochemical parameters including serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The apoptosis status and histopathological changes were evaluated. After calculating the score for each histopathological change, the total score was obtained by summing all the scores. In the SA group, MDA, IMA, TOS, and OSI decreased significantly compared to the IR group. After SA administration, the increase in GPx activity was found to be significant. Apoptosis decreased significantly in the SA group compared with the IR group. The total score significantly decreased after administration of SA. Taken together, our findings suggest that SA preconditioning is effective in reducing tissue damage induced in kidney IRI. Renal histology also showed convincing evidence regarding the protective nature of SA.
|
['Animals', 'Gallic Acid', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury']
| 26,915,396
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.200', 'D02.241.511.390.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.200'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lower lip reconstruction: introduction of a new procedure using a functioning gracilis muscle free flap.
|
BACKGROUND: Subtotal and total reconstruction of the lower lip is a challenge for the plastic surgeon: this lip mainly contributes to the continence function of the oral sphincter. Fasciocutaneous free flaps and local flaps are better suited to the skin laxity of elderly patients; furthermore, larger defects extending to the chin area can be difficult to manage with only local flaps.METHODS: In an attempt to restore very good function and aesthetics of the lower lip in a single procedure, the authors introduced the use of a functioning (innervated) gracilis free flap. The dynamic sphincter capacity was obtained with the coaptation between the motor branch of the gracilis muscle and the marginal branch of the facial nerve. A facial artery musculomucosal flap replaced the vermilion and the inner side mucosa, and a skin graft from the scalp covered the external surface of the gracilis. The procedure was performed in two cases.RESULTS: In both cases, the authors achieved quite full physiologic lower lip movement with regard to symmetrical spontaneous and voluntary controlled lower lip function, whereas the skin grafts from the scalp and the supraclavicular region had a nearly perfect color match with the reconstructed area. The aesthetic result was excellent compared with the complexity of the reconstructed defect.CONCLUSIONS: A functioning gracilis free flap has to be considered among the techniques for complex lower lip reconstruction. It was able to restore very good voluntary function and an extremely fine aesthetic result in a single-stage procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lip', 'Lip Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 17,415,241
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['C04.588.443.591.550', 'C07.465.409.640', 'C07.465.530.550'], ['E04.680'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Contralateral muscle fatigue in human quadriceps muscle: evidence for a centrally mediated fatigue response and cross-over effect.
|
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of voluntary muscular fatigue in one lower limb and determine whether a 'cross-over' of fatigue is evident in the contralateral limb. Twenty-eight subjects (13 males and 15 females) performed a series of voluntary and evoked isometric contractions of both the dominant (exercised) and non-dominant (non-exercised) leg extensor muscles, prior to and after a fatigue protocol consisting of a 100-s sustained maximal isometric contraction (MVC) performed by the dominant limb only. Force values and surface electromyography (EMG) from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained allowing for the determination of twitch and compound action potential (M-wave) values. Maximal twitch tension and peak-to-peak amplitude were significantly decreased after the fatigue test in the dominant limb, as was maximal voluntary force (approximately 65 N reduction), EMG activity (approximately 0.1 mV decrease) and voluntary activation (approximately 17% decline). However, no significant changes were observed in the non-dominant limb with respect to twitch and M-wave properties nor in MVC force. The voluntary activation of the non-dominant limb decreased significantly by 8.7% after the fatigue test, which was performed only on the dominant limb. The results of the present study suggest that the decrease in force production in the exercised limb was primarily related to peripheral fatigue mechanisms, with central fatigue making a lesser contribution. Centrally mediated mechanisms appear to be the sole contributor to fatigue in the non-exercised limb suggesting an anticipatory fatigue response and a 'cross-over' of central fatigue between the exercised and non-exercised contralateral limb.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adult', 'Central Nervous System', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Quadriceps Muscle']
| 16,365,782
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A02.633.567.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Glycerol and environmental factors: effects on 1,3-propanediol production and NAD(+) regeneration in Lactobacillus panis PM1.
|
AIMS: This study was conducted to understand the influences of fermentation factors in NADH recycling and mechanisms of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production in Lactobacillus panis PM1.METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted metabolite analyses, qRT-PCR of the glycerol reductive pathway [glycerol dehydratase (DhaB) and 1,3-PDO dehydrogenase (DhaT)] and DhaT activity assays at different pH, temperature and initial glycerol concentrations. The supplementation of 150 mmol l(-1) glycerol caused a shift in NADH flux from ethanol to 1,3-PDO production, whereas 300 mol l(-1) glycerol negatively affected the regeneration of NAD(+) via 1,3-PDO production. This retardation decreased transcription levels and specific activities of DhaT. The decreased DhaT activity eventually caused the shutdown of 1,3-PDO production. Temperature and pH did not significantly affect the specific activity of DhaT, whereas expression of genes for DhaB and DhaT was activated under acidic conditions. Moreover, fresh glucose addition after its depletion could not restart the glycerol reduction, but increased ethanol production.CONCLUSIONS: Those environmental factors affect 1,3-PDO production in different ways through changing the expression level of enzymes and shifting the NAD(+) regeneration pathways.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our findings elucidated a key element to optimize 1,3-PDO production by Lact. panis PM1, which potentially improves 1,3-PDO manufacturing efficiencies.
|
['Fermentation', 'Glycerol', 'Hydro-Lyases', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactobacillus', 'NAD', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Temperature']
| 23,795,775
|
[['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['D08.811.520.241.300'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro osteoblast-like cell proliferation on nano-hydroxyapatite coatings with different morphologies on a titanium-niobium shape memory alloy.
|
The morphology of nanomaterials significantly affects their physical, chemical, and biological properties. In the present study, nano-hydroxyapatite coatings with different morphologies were produced on the surface of a titanium-niobium shape memory alloy via a hydrothermal process. The effect of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings on the in vitro proliferation of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells was investigated. Factors including crystallinity, surface micro-roughness, and surface energy of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings were discussed. Results show that in vitro proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells was significantly enhanced on the nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium-niobium alloy compared to the titanium-niobium alloy without coating. The cell numbers on the nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium-niobium alloy changed consistently with the surface energy of the hydroxyapatite coatings. This study suggests that surface energy as a characteristic parameter influencing the in vitro proliferation of osteoblast-like cells was predominant over the crystallinity and surface micro-roughness of the nano-hydroxyapatite coatings.
|
['Alloys', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Durapatite', 'Ethylene Glycol', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Nanostructures', 'Niobium', 'Osteoblasts', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium', 'Water', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 20,725,978
|
[['D01.552.033', 'D25.058', 'J01.637.051.058'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['D02.033.455.250.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.268.556.615', 'D01.268.956.687', 'D01.552.544.615'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A prospective population-based management program including primary surgery and postoperative risk assessment by means of DNA ploidy and histopathology. Adjuvant radiotherapy is not necessary for the majority of patients with FIGO stage I-II endometrial cancer.
|
A management program for FIGO stage I-II nonserous, nonclear-cell adenocarcinomas was evaluated. Histopathology and DNA ploidy were used to estimate postoperatively the risk of progression or death of disease and to tailor treatment. The patient material was a population-based consecutive cohort of all women with endometrial cancer in the Southern Swedish Health Care Region diagnosed between June 1993 and June 1996 (n = 553). Of these, 335 were eligible for the management program. Patients estimated to be at low risk were treated by surgery only, while high-risk patients also received vaginal brachytherapy. A large low-risk group consisting of 84% (n = 283) of the patients with an estimated disease-specific 5-year survival of 96% (95% CI = 93-98%) was identified. The high-risk group (n = 52, 16%) showed a worse outcome with an 80% 5-year disease-specific survival (95% CI = 65-89%). The difference in survival between the groups was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Half of the progressions were distant in the high-risk group. Although there is a clear indication for adjuvant therapy for this group, locoregional radiotherapy could be expected to fail in cases with distant progression. Thus, effective systemic treatments need to be developed. Low-risk patients, constituting the majority (84%) of the patients, can be safely treated by surgery only.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ploidies', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Sweden']
| 15,228,416
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['G05.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Surgery at the BEST Medical Center-Clyde's Adventures in BEST Land: Down the Rabbit Hole.
|
Dr. Ida Lystic is an assistant professor in the Division of Gastroenterology at the Byron Edwards & Samuel Thompson (BEST) Medical Center. Before becoming one of the BEST doctors, she completed her fellowship training at the Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford (OTHER) Medical Center and her MD degree at the prestigious Harvey Medical School (which was recently renamed the Harvey Provider School). She is still challenged by the new electronic medical record system-LEGEND (also referred to as the Lengthy and Excessively Graded Evaluation and Nomenclature for Diagnosis), after the BEST discarded the SIMPLE system. Recently she became the deputy head of the Gastroenterology Fellowship Selection Committee and had to organize the candidate activities that included testing of new physicians' most important skill: the typing trial. Dr. Lystic's stepfather, Clyde S. Dale, MD, developed severe spinal stenosis and required surgery at the BEST Medical Center. The BEST, being a model of efficiency, has no schedulers to "interfere" with the patients' ability to schedule themselves for all their tests and book their surgery. Indeed, it took only 22 phone calls on Clyde's part to ensure that everything was properly calendared. Clyde's postoperative course was complicated by hypoxia and atrial fibrillation (which revealed that the BEST Rapid Response Team has no physician or midlevel practitioner), as well as a missed cerebrospinal fluid leak and an ulnar neuropathy secondary to inadequate elbow padding during surgery. Fortunately, however, Clyde's insurance coverage is excellent, and all of his bills have been paid.
|
['Academic Medical Centers', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak', 'Hospital Rapid Response Team', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Spinal Stenosis']
| 30,047,440
|
[['N02.278.020'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C10.597.114', 'C10.900.300.109', 'C23.888.592.114', 'C26.915.300.225'], ['N04.590.715.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['C05.116.900.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bilateral giant cell tumour of the distal radius: a case report.
|
A case of bilateral distal radius giant cell tumour of bone is reported. Each lesion appears to have arisen de novo rather than as a metastasis.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Giant Cell Tumors', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Radius']
| 2,794,721
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.557.450.565.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Partial atrioventricular septal defect associated with right atrioventricular valve Ebstein's disease].
|
The association of Ebstein's disease and atrioventricular septal defect is extremely rare with only 13 cases described in the literature and none in our country. We described a 15 year-old girl with echo and angiographic diagnosis confirmed by surgery. The non-identification of one of the lesions could impair planning and surgical results.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adolescent', 'Ebstein Anomaly', 'Female', 'Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular', 'Humans']
| 9,497,527
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C14.240.400.395', 'C14.280.400.395', 'C16.131.240.400.395'], ['C14.240.400.560.540', 'C14.280.400.560.540', 'C16.131.240.400.560.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by Aeromonas species.
|
This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) due to Aeromonas species. Patients with SSTIs caused by Aeromonas species during the period from January 2009 to December 2011 were identified from a computerized database of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 129 patients with SSTIs due to Aeromonas species were identified. A. hydrophila (n = 77, 59.7 %) was the most common pathogen, followed by A. veronii biovar sobria (n = 22, 17.1 %), A. veronii biovar veronii (n = 20, 15.5 %), A. caviae (n = 9, 7.0 %), and A. schubertii (n = 1, 0.8 %). The most common isolates obtained from patients with polymicrobial infections were Klebsiella species (n = 33), followed by Enterococcus spp. (n = 24), Enterobacter spp. (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 17), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 17), Streptococcus spp. (n = 17), and Acinetobacter spp. (n = 15). Liver cirrhosis and concomitant bacteremia were more common among patients with monomicrobial Aeromonas SSTIs than among patients with polymicrobial SSTIs. Nine (7 %) patients required limb amputations. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.6 %. In conclusion, Aeromonas species should be considered as important causative pathogens of SSTIs, and most infections are polymicrobial. In addition, the clinical presentation differs markedly between patients with monomicrobial and those with polymicrobial Aeromonas SSTIs.
|
['Adult', 'Aeromonas', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Coinfection', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Skin Diseases, Bacterial', 'Soft Tissue Infections', 'Survival Analysis', 'Taiwan']
| 23,135,756
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B03.440.450.019.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.218'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C01.150.252.819', 'C01.800.720', 'C17.800.838.765'], ['C01.820'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
SG2-Type R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor MYB15 Controls Defense-Induced Lignification and Basal Immunity in Arabidopsis.
|
Lignification of cell wall appositions is a conserved basal defense mechanism in the plant innate immune response. However, the genetic pathway controlling defense-induced lignification remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate the Arabidopsis thaliana SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB15 as a regulator of defense-induced lignification and basal immunity. Loss of MYB15 reduces the content but not the composition of defense-induced lignin, whereas constitutive expression of MYB15 increases lignin content independently of immune activation. Comparative transcriptional and metabolomics analyses implicate MYB15 as necessary for the defense-induced synthesis of guaiacyl lignin and the basal synthesis of the coumarin metabolite scopoletin. MYB15 directly binds to the secondary wall MYB-responsive element consensus sequence, which encompasses the AC elements, to drive lignification. The myb15 and lignin biosynthetic mutants show increased susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, consistent with defense-induced lignin having a major role in basal immunity. A scopoletin biosynthetic mutant also shows increased susceptibility independently of immune activation, consistent with a role in preformed defense. Our results support a role for phenylalanine-derived small molecules in preformed and inducible Arabidopsis defense, a role previously dominated by tryptophan-derived small molecules. Understanding the regulatory network linking lignin biosynthesis to plant growth and defense will help lignin engineering efforts to improve the production of biofuels and aromatic industrial products as well as increase disease resistance in energy and agricultural crops.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Flagellin', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Lignin', 'Phenols', 'Plant Immunity', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Pseudomonas syringae', 'Scopoletin', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Solubility', 'Transcription Factors']
| 28,733,420
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D12.776.097.380'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G12.450.800', 'G15.630'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.770', 'B03.660.250.580.590.770'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.912.850', 'D03.633.100.150.446.912.850'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.805'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thyroid hormone-induced changes in body temperature and metabolism during exercise in dogs.
|
Changes in serum total thyroxine concentration (TT4) and the effects of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) injection on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level and rectal temperature (Tre) responses were measured in six dogs at rest and during 1 h of submaximal treadmill exercise. At rest there were no increases in FFA level or Tre up to 72 h after thyroid hormone treatment. During exercise, 5 h after a single T4 injection (0.1 mg/kg), there was a) a significant increase in TT4, although the resting level was markedly elevated, and b) a significant increase in FFA concentration and Tre above control values. Seventy-two hours after T4 injection there was a similar increase in TT4 during exercise and both FFA and Tre levels were greater than 5-h values. The elevated Tre was not associated with increased plasma Na+, K+, or osmotic concentrations. Compared with T4 data, T3 injection (0.1 mg/kg) resulted in greater increases in FFA level and Tre during exercise; two animals reached 43.1 degrees C. There were no significant differences in the respiratory exchange ratio (R) or O2 uptake between the control and T3 experiments. It was concluded that thyroid hormones markedly enhance FFA mobilization and elevated Tre during exercise, but not a rest. The hyperthermic response appears to be due to an increase in the level of regulated body temperature rather than to a depression of heat dissipation.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Proteins', 'Body Temperature', 'Dogs', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Hematocrit', 'Male', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Plasma Volume', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 1,163,655
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D10.251.310'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['G02.640'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G09.188.130.610', 'G09.330.380.092.610'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chromosomal localization and catalytic properties of the recombinant alpha subunit of human lymphocyte methionine adenosyltransferase.
|
Human lymphocyte methionine adenosyltransferase (HuLy MAT) consists of heterologous subunits alpha and beta. The cDNA sequence of the alpha subunit of HuLy MAT from Jurkat leukemic T cells was identical to that of the human kidney alpha subunit and highly homologous to the sequence of the extrahepatic MAT from other sources. The 3'-untranslated sequence was found to be highly conserved, suggesting that it may be important in regulating the expression of MAT. The extrahepatic alpha subunit unit of MAT was found to be expressed also in human liver, and no differences were found in the sequence of the alpha subunit from normal and malignant T cells. The sequence of two unspliced introns found in the cDNA clones from the Jurkat library enabled us to isolate genomic clones harboring the human extrahepatic alpha subunit gene and to localize it to the centromere on chromosome arm 2p, an area that corresponds to band 2p11.2. Expression of the alpha subunit cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded two peptides with the immunoreactivity and mobilities of authentic alpha/alpha' subunits from HuLy. The Km of the recombinant alpha subunit was 80 microM, which is 20-fold higher than found for the (alpha alpha')x beta y holoenzyme purified from leukemic lymphocytes and 4-10-fold higher than found for the normal lymphocyte enzyme. The data suggest that the alpha/alpha' subunits mediate the enzyme catalytic activity and that the beta subunit may be a regulatory subunit of extrahepatic MAT.
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Methionine Adenosyltransferase', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,665,609
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.245', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.245'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D05'], ['D08.811.913.225.650'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Quality and value of expert assessment of disability with reference to evaluation of cardiovascular diseases].
|
Because of the high frequency of diseases of heart and circulation a great number of physicians is concerned with experts opinions of them. There were 273 experts opinions from the rural and city district of Leipzig analysed in order to estimate quality and assertions force of experts opinions of invalidity with regard to estimation of diseases of heart and circulation. There was often found that data of anamnesis and documents extracts did not satisfy. But the parts about findings and estimates of experts opinions were in most cases well. Often complaints of patients and possibilities of therapy and rehabilitation were considered too less. The code of diagnosis did not always correspond to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Death Causes. There was often no sufficient evidence of diagnosis and degree of heaviness in the text of the experts opinions. But clinical findings with function checks were very well documented in many experts opinions.
|
['Coronary Disease', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Exercise Test', 'Expert Testimony', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Rehabilitation, Vocational', 'Work Capacity Evaluation']
| 2,102,030
|
[['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.782', 'E02.831.782', 'N02.421.784.644'], ['E01.370.400.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Prospective study of leptospirosis transmission in an urban slum community: role of poor environment in repeated exposures to the Leptospira agent.
|
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis has emerged as an urban health problem as slum settlements have rapidly spread worldwide and created conditions for rat-borne transmission. Prospective studies have not been performed to determine the disease burden, identify risk factors for infection and provide information needed to guide interventions in these marginalized communities.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We enrolled and followed a cohort of 2,003 residents from a slum community in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Baseline and one-year serosurveys were performed to identify primary and secondary Leptospira infections, defined as respectively, seroconversion and four-fold rise in microscopic agglutination titers. We used multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate risk exposures for acquiring primary and secondary infection. A total of 51 Leptospira infections were identified among 1,585 (79%) participants who completed the one-year follow-up protocol. The crude infection rate was 37.8 per 1,000 person-years. The secondary infection rate was 2.3 times higher than that of primary infection rate (71.7 and 31.1 infections per 1,000 person-years, respectively). Male gender (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.40-5.91) and lower per capita household income (OR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.98 for an increase of $1 per person per day) were independent risk factors for primary infection. In contrast, the 15-34 year age group (OR 10.82, 95% CI 1.38-85.08), and proximity of residence to an open sewer (OR 0.95; 0.91-0.99 for an increase of 1 m distance) were significant risk factors for secondary infection.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study found that slum residents had high risk (>3% per year) for acquiring a Leptospira infection. Re-infection is a frequent event and occurs in regions of slum settlements that are in proximity to open sewers. Effective prevention of leptospirosis will therefore require interventions that address the infrastructure deficiencies that contribute to repeated exposures among slum inhabitants.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leptospira', 'Leptospirosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty Areas', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Conditions', 'Urban Health', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']
| 24,875,389
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.475.475', 'B03.851.475.475'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.511'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.853.996.535.550', 'N01.824.600.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.450', 'N01.824.827'], ['N01.400.548.875'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Oral contraceptives, breastfeeding and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To study whether oral contraceptive (OC) use or breastfeeding (BF) influence the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), stratifying the cases by presence/absence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), and whether these factors interact with known risk factors in the development of ACPA-positive RA.METHODS: Women aged ?18 years, participants in the population-based case-control Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of RA study (2641 cases/4251 controls), completed an extensive questionnaire regarding OC, BF and potential confounders. We calculated ORs, with 95% CIs, adjusted for age, residential area, smoking and alcohol consumption. Attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) was estimated to evaluate presence of interaction.RESULTS: Compared with never users, ever and past OC users had a decreased risk of ACPA-positive RA (OR=0.84 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.96); OR=0.83 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.95), respectively). No significant associations were found for ACPA-negative RA. Long duration of OC use (>7 years vs never use) decreased the risk of both ACPA-positive (p=0.0037) and ACPA-negative RA (p=0.0356).A history of long BF decreased the risk only of ACPA-positive RA in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.0086), but this trend did not remain after adjustments. A significant interaction was observed between the lack of OC use and smoking (AP=0.28 (95% CI 0.14-0.42)) on the risk of ACPA-positive RA. No interactions were found for BF.CONCLUSIONS: OC decreased the risk of RA, especially ACPA-positive RA, where an interaction with smoking was observed. A long duration of OC use decreased the risk of both disease subsets. We could not confirm an association between BF and a decreased risk of either ACPA-positive or ACPA-negative RA.
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Autoantibodies', 'Breast Feeding', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Sweden', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 28,818,831
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The outcome of an in vitro fertilization program in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
|
The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of D-triptorelin in the long protocol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in an IVF-embryo transfer program in a group of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who had earlier failed to respond or did not conceive after clomiphene citrate (CC)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or 'flare up' gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa)/hMG stimulation. Eighty-nine women with PCOS (based on typical ultrasound criteria) had 1-3 treatment cycles without success. The stimulation protocol was changed to D-triptorelin given in midluteal phase and when pituitary desensitization was achieved, FSH administration was started. The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer in this 'negatively selected' group of PCOS patients was 29%. This was the same as the rate for a group of women with tubal factor, as was the spontaneous miscarriage rate. Although the use of GnRH agonists in the long protocol increases the costs of treatment, the number of cancelled cycles is reduced. The pregnancy rate increased in this group of women with PCOS.
|
['Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Pregnancy', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triptorelin Pamoate']
| 9,272,422
|
[['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320.790', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320.790', 'D12.644.456.460.800', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320.790', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic control of resistance to Coccidioides immitis: a single gene that is expressed in spleen cells determines resistance.
|
We have previously reported that inbred mice vary widely in their resistance to Coccidioides immitis peritonitis. To investigate the number of genes controlling resistance, (susceptible X resistant)F1 X susceptible backcross mice were tested for resistance to infection. A 1:1 ratio of resistant:susceptible offspring was observed, which is consistent with a single dominant gene determining resistance. To find out whether this gene, which we designated Cms, is expressed in the immune and/or the inflammatory responses, radiation chimeras were constructed by transplanting spleen cells from the resistant F1 mice into the susceptible parental strain. These chimeras were consistently more resistant to infection than the susceptible parental strain. We concluded that resistance to C. immitis is determined primarily by a single gene, and that this gene is expressed by spleen cells.
|
['Animals', 'Coccidioides', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'Female', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred AKR', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Peritonitis', 'Radiation Chimera', 'Spleen']
| 3,998,472
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.381.230'], ['C01.150.703.203'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G12.450.564'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.318', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.318'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['B05.200.750.760', 'G12.470.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Attitudes Toward Restricting the Sexual and Reproductive Rights of Women Living With HIV Infection in Yemen.
|
A considerable amount of research has demonstrated the pervasive and destructive power of discrimination against people living with HIV, which limits their full and equal participation in society. This study surveyed 613 young adults from Yemen about their attitudes toward the sexual and reproductive rights of women living with HIV (WLWH). Among survey respondents, 80% believed that WLWH should be sterilized and not allowed to get married. Furthermore, 62% thought that WLWH should be forced to have abortions if they became pregnant. Men were more likely than women to impose restrictions on the sexual and reproductive rights of WLWH. HIV stigma predicted respondent attitudes toward WLWH, but religiosity and knowledge about HIV did not. The results of the study have implications for developing programs to protect and promote the rights of WLWH in Yemen.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Population Surveillance', 'Pregnancy', 'Prejudice', 'Reproductive Rights', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Social Stigma', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', "Women's Rights", 'Yemen', 'Young Adult']
| 26,613,828
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['I01.880.604.473.675', 'N03.706.437.675'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850'], ['Z01.252.245.500.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Content and communication: how can peer review provide helpful feedback about the writing?
|
BACKGROUND: Peer review is assumed to improve the quality of research reports as tools for scientific communication, yet strong evidence that this outcome is obtained consistently has been elusive. Failure to distinguish between aspects of discipline-specific content and aspects of the writing or use of language may account for some deficiencies in current peer review processes.DISCUSSION: The process and outcomes of peer review may be analyzed along two dimensions: 1) identifying scientific or technical content that is useful to other researchers (i.e., its "screening" function), and 2) improving research articles as tools for communication (i.e., its "improving" function). However, editors and reviewers do not always distinguish clearly between content criteria and writing criteria. When peer reviewers confuse content and writing, their feedback can be misunderstood by authors, who may modify texts in ways that do not make the readers' job easier. When researchers in peer review confuse the two dimensions, this can lead to content validity problems that foil attempts to define informative variables and outcome measures, and thus prevent clear trends from emerging. Research on writing, revising and editing suggests some reasons why peer review is not always as effective as it might be in improving what is written.SUMMARY: Peer review could be improved if stakeholders were more aware of variations in gatekeepers' (reviewers' and editors') ability to provide feedback about the content or the writing. Gatekeepers, academic literacy researchers, and wordface professionals (author's editors, medical writers and translators) could work together to discover the types of feedback authors find most useful. I offer suggestions to help editologists design better studies of peer review which could make the process an even stronger tool for manuscript improvement than it is now.
|
['Communication', 'Peer Review, Research', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Writing']
| 18,237,378
|
[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.829.316.549.700', 'H01.770.644.487', 'I01.880.604.640.700', 'L01.143.865.750', 'L01.737.640', 'N03.706.700.700'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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