Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAT-FREE MASS, METABOLICALLY HEALTHY OBESITY, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN SEVERELY OBESE ASIAN ADULTS.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fat free mass (FFM) is independently associated with the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype, the metabolic syndrome (MS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese Asian adults.METHODS: Obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ?25 kg/m2) seeking weight management at an academic medical center from 2007 to 2016 were included. FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance.RESULTS: Of the 552 patients (67.0% female, median age 40.5 years, median BMI 38.3 kg/m2), MHO was present in 19%, MS in 55.4%, and T2D in 32.6%. In multivariate models, higher fat-free mass index (FFMI) was independently associated with the metabolically abnormal obesity (MAO) phenotype, (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.37), and increased risk of MS (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22) in women but not in men. Older age was independently associated with the MAO phenotype (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09 in women; OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09 in men), MS (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06 in women; OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.07 in men), and T2D (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09 in women; OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09 in men). Waist-hip ratio was independently associated with the MAO phenotype in men (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15), while waist circumference was associated with T2D in women (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05).CONCLUSION: Older age, central fat distribution, and-in contrast to previous findings-an increase in FFMI among women were independent predictors of adverse metabolic health in this cohort of middle-aged obese Asian adults. Further studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications of these findings.ABBREVIATIONS: BIA = bioelectrical impedance analysis BMI = body mass index CI = confidence interval DXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry FFM = fat-free mass FFMI = fat-free mass index FM = fat mass HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin A1c MAO = metabolically abnormal obesity MHO = metabolically healthy obesity MS = metabolic syndrome OR = odds ratio T2D = type 2 diabetes WC = waist circumference WHR = waist-hip-ratio.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Electric Impedance', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity, Metabolically Benign', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Waist Circumference', 'Waist-Hip Ratio']
| 28,614,006
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.650', 'C23.888.144.699.500.250', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.375', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.375'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.960', 'E05.041.124.946', 'G07.100.100.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Whole-genome array-CGH screening in undiagnosed syndromic patients: old syndromes revisited and new alterations.
|
We report array-CGH screening of 95 syndromic patients with normal G-banded karyotypes and at least one of the following features: mental retardation, heart defects, deafness, obesity, craniofacial dysmorphisms or urogenital tract malformations. Chromosome imbalances not previously detected in normal controls were found in 30 patients (31%) and at least 16 of them (17%) seem to be causally related to the abnormal phenotypes. Eight of the causative imbalances had not been described previously and pointed to new chromosome regions and candidate genes for specific phenotypes, including a connective tissue disease locus on 2p16.3, another for obesity on 7q22.1-->q22.3, and a candidate gene for the 3q29 deletion syndrome manifestations. The other causative alterations had already been associated with well-defined phenotypes including Sotos syndrome, and the 1p36 and 22q11.21 microdeletion syndromes. However, the clinical features of these latter patients were either not typical or specific enough to allow diagnosis before detection of chromosome imbalances. For instance, three patients with overlapping deletions in 22q11.21 were ascertained through entirely different clinical features, i.e., heart defect, utero-vaginal aplasia, and mental retardation associated with psychotic disease. Our results demonstrate that ascertainment through whole-genome screening of syndromic patients by array-CGH leads not only to the description of new syndromes, but also to the recognition of a broader spectrum of features for already described syndromes. Furthermore, on the technical side, we have significantly reduced the amount of reagents used and costs involved in the array-CGH protocol, without evident reduction in efficiency, bringing the method more within reach of centers with limited budgets.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Diseases, Inborn', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Syndrome']
| 17,124,408
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['C16.320'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.365.795'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation as the first-line therapy for congenital long QT syndrome.
|
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac electrophysiological disorder due to genetic mutations. Patients with LQTS, if untreated, have a high incidence of ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest. Adrenergic activities are believed to play a major role in triggering the onset of cardiac events. The current mainstay of therapy for LQTS is oral beta-blockers, which improves clinical symptoms and reduces the incidence of sudden cardiac death in approximately 70% of the patients. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is an alternative therapy for patients who are resistant to beta-blockers. Its clinical use, however, has been hindered by the complexity of the procedure and complications after the surgery. Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy has been used to treat patients with palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. We suggest that the use of the microinvasice thoracoscopic technique may greatly simplify the LSCD procedure, making it the first-line therapy for LQTS.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Long QT Syndrome', 'Microsurgery', 'Sympathectomy', 'Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,288,363
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.067.565', 'C14.280.123.625', 'C16.131.240.400.715', 'C23.550.073.547'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['E04.525.210.105.800'], ['E01.370.388.250.840.830', 'E01.370.388.250.950.830', 'E04.502.250.840.830', 'E04.502.250.950.830', 'E04.928.752.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Participation of the hypothalamus in conditioning and emotional behavior. (1) Behavior model in rabbits and methods of its analysis].
|
An attempt was made to induce conflict behavior in rabbits by conditioning under hypothalamic electrical stimulation. Behavioral analysis was performed using our newly devised technique which employs the use of a vibration apparatus fixed to head and waist, and a recording of various behavior. Conditioning was carried out by sensory stimuli flight behavior. Reinforcement was as follows: the CS used was flickering light photic (10 Hz, 10 musec.,) and acoustic (250 Hz, 15 dB) and UCS electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 1 msec., not exceeding 2 v) in the medial hypothalamic area and peri-fornix. The restrained animals were placed on a table in an acoustically isolated room with a discrete monotonous background noise. CRs were obtained within a short time as were responses: (1) During the autonomicsomatic responses, (2) continuous run and (3) non-continuous run. Data obtained during the non-continuous run represent a conflict-induced type of behavior which may be applied in studies related to the psychopharmacological actions of drugs.
|
['Animals', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Fear', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Models, Psychological', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Rabbits', 'Reinforcement, Psychology', 'Respiration']
| 987,969
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['E05.723.402'], ['F01.470.361'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.599.695'], ['E05.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['F02.463.425.770'], ['G09.772.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of clarithromycin in patients with suspected Gram-negative sepsis: results of a randomized controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND: A previous randomized study showed that clarithromycin decreases the risk of death due to ventilator-associated pneumonia and shortens the time until infection resolution. The efficacy of clarithromycin was tested in a larger population with sepsis.METHODS: Six hundred patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to acute pyelonephritis, acute intra-abdominal infections or primary Gram-negative bacteraemia were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial. Clarithromycin (1 g) was administered intravenously once daily for 4 days consecutively in 302 patients; another 298 patients were treated with placebo. Mortality was the primary outcome; resolution of infection and hospitalization costs were the secondary outcomes.RESULTS: The groups were well matched for demographics, disease severity, microbiology and appropriateness of the administered antimicrobials. Overall 28 day mortality was 17.1% (51 deaths) in the placebo arm and 18.5% (56 deaths) in the clarithromycin arm (P = 0.671). Nineteen out of 26 placebo-treated patients with septic shock and multiple organ dysfunctions died (73.1%) compared with 15 out of 28 clarithromycin-treated patients (53.6%, P = 0.020). The median time until resolution of infection was 5 days in both arms. In the subgroup with severe sepsis/shock, this was 10 days in the placebo arm and 6 days in the clarithromycin arm (P = 0.037). The cost of hospitalization was lower after treatment with clarithromycin (P = 0.044). Serious adverse events were observed in 1.3% and 0.7% of placebo- and clarithromycin-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.502).CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous clarithromycin did not affect overall mortality; however, administration shortened the time to resolution of infection and decreased the hospitalization costs.
|
['Administration, Intravenous', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Clarithromycin', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 24,292,991
|
[['E02.319.267.082'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ophthalmology human resource projections: are we heading for a crisis in the next 15 years?
|
BACKGROUND: Ophthalmology residency positions have increased in recent years. This study looks at whether the expansion is enough to avoid shortages in the future.METHODS: The Canadian Medical Association Physician Resource Evaluation Template was used to project the supply of ophthalmologists up to 2016, assuming a status quo scenario in terms of attrition and gain factors.RESULTS: The ratio of ophthalmologists to population is steadily declining but not as fast as previously projected.INTERPRETATION: With the scenario presented, the supply of ophthalmologists will be inadequate in the future. Expanding Canadian residency training programs to their maximum capacity will maintain the current national ophthalmologist-to-population ratio but will still not be enough to meet the demand for ophthalmology services because of the shift in demographics as baby boomers age.
|
['Canada', 'Education, Medical, Graduate', 'Health Resources', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Health Services Research', 'Health Workforce', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Ophthalmology', 'Population Growth', 'Waiting Lists']
| 17,361,238
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['I02.358.337.350', 'I02.358.399.350'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['N02.350', 'N04.452.525.500', 'N05.300.420.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.468'], ['I01.240.600.660', 'N01.224.625.660', 'N06.850.505.400.700.660'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Timing of oviductal fluid collection, steroid concentrations, and sperm preservation method affect porcine in vitro fertilization efficiency.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine optimal conditions for the inclusion of oviductal fluid (OF) in IVF protocols.DESIGN: Experimental prospective study.SETTING: Mammalian reproduction research laboratory.ANIMAL(S): Oviducts and ovaries from porcine females were collected at a slaughterhouse. A total of 30 oviducts and 1,285 oocytes were used. Boar-ejaculated spermatozoa were also used.INTERVENTION(S): In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were preincubated with OF collected from animals before or after ovulation and later fertilized in vitro. Zona pellucida digestion time in oocytes after preincubation in OF was assessed. Concentrations of E2 and P4 in OF were measured. IVF was performed, including within the culture media the E2 and P4 concentrations found in the preovulatory OF. The effect of preovulatory OF on IVF efficiency was compared between fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): E2 and P4 concentrations in OF; penetration and monospermy rates; number of spermatozoa within the ooplasm and on the zona pellucida after IVF under different experimental conditions; zona pellucida resistance to protease digestion.RESULT(S): Preincubation of oocytes in OF collected before ovulation enhances IVF efficiency in the pig compared with OF collected after ovulation (29.58 ± 3.84 vs. 11.03 ± 2.69). When frozen-thawed spermatozoa are used for the IVF of these OF-treated oocytes, their fertilization ability increases compared with fresh semen. OF collected before and after ovulation shows significantly different concentrations of E2 (99.00 ± 8.72 vs. <10 pg/mL) and P4 (2.53 ± 0.66 vs. 12.27 ± 2.33 ng/mL), respectively. Addition of E2 and P4 at concentrations similar to those in the OF before ovulation partially simulates the effect of the fluid on IVF outcome.CONCLUSION(S): Preincubation of oocytes in OF collected before ovulation is a suitable protocol for increasing the efficiency of IVF with fresh semen in the pig model and could be a useful tool to increase the fertilization ability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in other species. E2 concentrations in preovulatory OF are higher than those reported in blood serum at the same phase of the estrous cycle.
|
['Animals', 'Body Fluids', 'Estradiol', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Freezing', 'Male', 'Progesterone', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spermatozoa', 'Swine', 'Time Factors']
| 25,241,366
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The role of Raf kinase inhibitor protein in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes invasiveness and cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression.
|
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) negatively regulates the Raf/MEK/ERK and NF-êB pathway. The role of RKIP in rheumatoid FLS is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function of RKIP in rheumatoid FLS. Rheumatoid FLS were transfected with either RKIP-expressing plasmids or RKIP small interfering RNA (siRNA). RKIP protein was detected in rheumatoid synovial tissue (ST) and FLS. RKIP overexpression significantly decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in TNF-á-stimulated rheumatoid FLS. RKIP overexpression also showed a decreased trend in IL-8, MMP-1, and MMP-3 mRNA expression in TNF-á-stimulated rheumatoid FLS. RKIP silencing resulted in significantly increased MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression in TNF-á-stimulated rheumatoid FLS. RKIP silencing also increased IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in TNF-á-stimulated rheumatoid FLS, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. TNF-á-induced ERK and NF-êB activation was suppressed in FLS with RKIP overexpression. RKIP silencing resulted in a significantly higher invasion index in TNF-á-stimulated rheumatoid FLS compared to controls. These results suggest that RKIP might be a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 1', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'NF-kappa B', 'Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'raf Kinases']
| 21,556,737
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559', 'D12.644.360.400', 'D12.776.476.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.100', 'D12.644.276.848.100', 'D12.776.467.836.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.644.360.562', 'D12.776.157.661', 'D12.776.476.555'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A02.835.583.443.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842', 'D12.644.360.400.842', 'D12.776.476.400.842', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of tannin-binding salivary proteins and tannase-producing bacteria in the acclimation of the Japanese wood mouse to acorn tannins.
|
We studied the defense mechanisms against the negative effects of tannins in acorns by using the Japanese wood mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and acorns of a Japanese deciduous oak Quercus crispula, which contain 9.9% tannins on a dry weight basis. For the experiment, we allocated 26 wood mice into two groups: acclimated (N = 12) and nonacclimated (N = 14). Mice in the nonacclimated group were fed only acorns for 10 d after 4 wk of receiving a tannin-free diet. In contrast, mice in the acclimated group received ca. 3 g acorns daily in addition to the tannin-free diet for the first 4 wk, then they were fed only acorns for 10 d. Body weight, food intake, and digestibility were monitored. In addition, the amount of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and abundance of tannase-producing bacteria (TPB) in the feces of mice were measured. Of the 14 mice in the nonacclimated group, 8 died, whereas only 1 of the 12 in the acclimated group died. During the first 5 d of feeding acorns only, mice in the nonacclimated group lost, on average, 17.5% of their body mass, while those in the acclimated group lost only 2.5%. Food intake, dry matter digestibility, and nitrogen digestibility were higher in the acclimated group than in the nonacclimated group. The results indicate that wood mice can mitigate the negative effects of tannins by acclimation. Path analysis revealed that increased secretion of PRPs and abundance of Lactobacillus type of TPB might explain the acclimation to tannins.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Body Weight', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Digestion', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Murinae', 'Quercus', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Seeds', 'Survival Rate', 'Tannins']
| 16,770,711
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G06.099'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.750.300.500'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D05.750.078.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Correction of factor XI deficiency by liver transplantation.
|
Orthotopic liver transplantation for other diseases typically results in a coincidental cure for hemophilia A and B; however, long-term outcomes of liver transplant in hemophilia C are not very well described. Herein, the authors report a patient of severe congenital factor XI (FXI) deficiency who received an orthotopic liver transplant. The authors discuss the perioperative management and long-term outcomes. The normalization of his FXI levels confirms that the liver is the most clinically relevant site of synthesis of FXI.
|
['Disease Management', 'Factor XI', 'Factor XI Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,196,192
|
[['N04.590.607'], ['D08.622.490', 'D12.776.124.125.425', 'D12.776.811.243.490', 'D23.119.425'], ['C15.378.100.100.325', 'C15.378.100.141.325', 'C15.378.463.325', 'C16.320.099.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Magnetic properties of tunicate blood cells. II. Ascidia ceratodes.
|
The magnetic properties of intact blood cells of the tunicate Ascidia ceratodes have been measured up to 50 kOe with a SQUID susceptometer. Analysis of total metal contents by plasma emission spectroscopy and V(IV) content by epr indicates that approximately 5% of the accumulated vanadium is +4 vanadyl ion. Measured values of the magnetic moment Mp at different values of the applied magnetic field H over the temperature range T = 2-100 K depend on the magnitude of the field indicating magnetic anisotropy of the ground state. The slope of the Mp vs. H/T curve at high temperature is significantly higher than expected from electron spin S = 1 per vanadium(III) ion. The model that fits these data best is a dimer with one V(III) S = 1 ion ferromagnetically coupled to a second V(III) S = 1 ion, with spin-coupling constant J = 3.5 cm-1, and 5% of the total vanadium content in the form of a V(IV) S = 1/2 ion. Since vanadium in A. ceratodes is known to reside in at least three different types of blood cell, the excellent fit indicates that the metal is stored predominantly as a dimer regardless of blood cell type. Ferromagnetic coupling implies that the two vanadium ions in the dimer are connected by an unprotonated mu-oxo bridge.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Cells', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Magnetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Temperature', 'Urochordata', 'Vanadium']
| 8,758,882
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['H01.671.493'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.050.150.200.727', 'B01.050.500.272.727'], ['D01.268.556.920', 'D01.268.956.886', 'D01.552.544.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Magnet field profiling: analysis and correcting coil design.
|
A full mathematical framework for the analysis and production of localized magnetic field profiles is presented. Of primary use in the production of highly homogeneous fields for nuclear magnetic resonance studies, the paper details the analysis of fields in terms of spherical harmonics, describes how field plotting in the appropriate manner may be used to obtain a direct measure of which harmonics are present, and shows how to combine basic "building blocks" to produce the various lower-order zonal and tesseral harmonics. "Building blocks" described include coils, arcs, and sinusoids of current as well as rings and arcs of steel. The use of shaped magnets is also briefly mentioned. Attention is drawn to the presence, in high-order designs, of possibly dominant lower orders of harmonics created by errors in fabrication. The goal of the paper is to present a design philosophy, backed by the appropriate mathematics, which is applicable to the variety of situations encountered in magnet design. Practical examples of correcting coils and "shims" are also given.
|
['Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mathematics']
| 6,571,436
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['H01.548']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A primary care, multi-disciplinary disease management program for opioid-treated patients with chronic non-cancer pain and a high burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic non-cancer pain is a common problem that is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidity and disability. The effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary pain management program was tested in a 3 month before and after trial.METHODS: Providers in an academic general medicine clinic referred patients with chronic non-cancer pain for participation in a program that combined the skills of internists, clinical pharmacists, and a psychiatrist. Patients were either receiving opioids or being considered for opioid therapy. The intervention consisted of structured clinical assessments, monthly follow-up, pain contracts, medication titration, and psychiatric consultation. Pain, mood, and function were assessed at baseline and 3 months using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale scale (CESD) and the Pain Disability Index (PDI). Patients were monitored for substance misuse.RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were enrolled. Mean age was 51 years, 60% were male, 78% were Caucasian, and 93% were receiving opioids. Baseline average pain was 6.5 on an 11 point scale. The average CESD score was 24.0, and the mean PDI score was 47.0. Sixty-three patients (73%) completed 3 month follow-up. Fifteen withdrew from the program after identification of substance misuse. Among those completing 3 month follow-up, the average pain score improved to 5.5 (p = 0.003). The mean PDI score improved to 39.3 (p < 0.001). Mean CESD score was reduced to 18.0 (p < 0.001), and the proportion of depressed patients fell from 79% to 54% (p = 0.003). Substance misuse was identified in 27 patients (32%).CONCLUSIONS: A primary care disease management program improved pain, depression, and disability scores over three months in a cohort of opioid-treated patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Substance misuse and depression were common, and many patients who had substance misuse identified left the program when they were no longer prescribed opioids. Effective care of patients with chronic pain should include rigorous assessment and treatment of these comorbid disorders and intensive efforts to insure follow up.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Depression', 'Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)', 'Disease Management', 'Drug Utilization', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Primary Health Care', 'Program Evaluation', 'Psychiatry', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United States']
| 15,649,331
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E01.190'], ['N04.590.607'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Multiple neuromuscular abnormalities in a paranoid schizophrenic.
|
A broad range of skeletal muscle fiber abnormalities has been reported previously in muscle biopsy specimens from psychotic patients. In our experience, individual patients manifest only a few types of lesions; but we now have studied a paranoid schizophrenic patient whose skeletal muscle fibers show virtually the entire range of morphologic abnormalities. In addition to the morphologic abnormalities of skeletal muscle fibers, we also noted increased branching of subterminal motor nerves with enlarged endplates and chronic elevations of serum creatine phosphokinase activity. Despite this, the patient had minimal clinical evidence of neuromuscular dysfunction. The variety of types of neuromuscular dysfunctions found in this patient suggests their etiology may be related.
|
['Adult', 'Enzymes', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscles', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Neuromuscular Diseases', 'Schizophrenia, Paranoid']
| 6,934,557
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['C10.668'], ['F03.700.750.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A 3-year naturalistic study of 53 preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders treated with risperidone.
|
BACKGROUND: Only sparse and short-term data are available on pharmacologic treatments in very young children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The purpose of this 3-year naturalistic study (March 1999-April 2002) is to describe the clinical outcome of a consecutive sample of preschool children with PDD treated with risperidone monotherapy.METHOD: The sample consisted of 45 boys and 8 girls aged 3.6 to 6.6 years (mean +/- SD age = 4.6 +/- 0.7 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder or PDD, not otherwise specified. Outcome measures included the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS), Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), and a checklist for risperidone side effects.RESULTS: Patients received risperidone for a period ranging from 1 to 32 months (7.9 +/- 6.8 months). Twenty-five patients (47.2%) continued to receive risperidone after the study was completed, while 28 (52.8%) discontinued due to side effects (22.6% [N = 12]), parents' choice (18.9% [N = 10]), lack of efficacy (5.7% [N = 3]), and decision of the treating psychiatrist (5.7% [N = 3]). The optimal dose was 0.55 +/- 0.2 mg/ day. Significant improvement at the last observation was found in CPRS (p < .0001) and CGAS (p < .0001) scores. On the basis of both an improvement of 25% in CPRS score and a score of 1 or 2 on the CGI-I, 46.8% (N = 22) of subjects were considered responders. Behavioral disorders and affect dysregulation were more sensitive to treatment than was interpersonal functioning. Responders received higher doses of medication for a longer period and had a greater weight gain than did nonresponders. Increased prolactin levels without clinical signs (65% [24 of 37]) and increased appetite (15% [8 of 531) were the most frequent side effects.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that low-dose risperidone may positively affect the clinical outcome in young children with PDD not only in the short-term, but also in the long-term period.
|
['Antipsychotic Agents', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Male', 'Personality Assessment', 'Prolactin', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Risperidone', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Weight Gain']
| 14,628,979
|
[['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.164'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['F04.513'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Repetitive Episodic Isolated Vertigo in a Patient with Cerebellar Infarction.
|
Isolated vertigo is an important symptom of posterior circulation stroke. It has been reported that 11.3% of patients with isolated vertigo have a stroke and that most lesions are located in the cerebellum, particularly in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors and atrial fibrillation who showed repeated episodes of isolated vertigo. His repeated vertigo was short-lasting and was often triggered by body position, mimicking benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Cranial computed tomography on the third hospital day showed left cerebellar infarction within the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The vertigo was ameliorated on the fifth hospital day and warfarin was prescribed for secondary prevention. Clinicians should pay special attention to cases in which a patient presents isolated vertigo, even if it shows transient recurrence or is triggered by a positional change, especially in patients with multiple cerebrovascular risk factors.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Brain Infarction', 'Cerebellar Diseases', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postural Balance', 'Posture', 'Recurrence', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vertigo', 'Warfarin']
| 31,010,764
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['C10.228.140.252'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.520.914', 'D03.633.100.150.446.520.914']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inflammatory cytokines drive CD4+ T-cell cycling and impaired responsiveness to interleukin 7: implications for immune failure in HIV disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation has been linked to a failure to normalize CD4(+) T-cell numbers in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) are predictors of disease progression in treated HIV infection, it is not clear how or whether inflammatory mediators contribute to immune restoration failure.METHODS: We examined the in vitro effects of IL-6 and interleukin 1â (IL-1â) on peripheral blood T-cell cycling and CD127 surface expression.RESULTS: The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1â induces cell cycling and turnover of memory CD4(+) T cells, and IL-6 can induce low-level cycling of naive T cells. Both IL-1â and IL-6 can decrease T-cell surface expression and RNA levels of CD127, the interleukin 7 receptor á chain (IL-7Rá). Preexposure of healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to IL-6 or IL-1â attenuates IL-7-induced Stat5 phosphorylation and induction of the prosurvival factor Bcl-2 and the gut homing integrin á4â7. We found elevated expression of IL-1â in the lymphoid tissues of patients with HIV infection that did not normalize with antiretroviral therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Induction of CD4(+) T-cell turnover and diminished T-cell responsiveness to IL-7 by IL-1â and IL-6 exposure may contribute to the lack of CD4(+) T-cell reconstitution in treated HIV-infected subjects.
|
['Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-7', 'Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Receptors, Interleukin-7']
| 24,585,897
|
[['E02.319.310.075'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.246', 'D12.776.467.374.465.224', 'D23.529.374.465.246'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.420.450'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.420']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Double-blind comparison of fluoxetine and nortriptyline in the treatment of moderate to severe major depression.
|
BACKGROUND: Depression is an international public health problem. Impairment in social and occupational functioning, increased comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical conditions, and an increased risk of mortality are a few of its consequences. Some psychiatrists have the impression that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors may not work as well as tricyclic anti-depressants in severe depression and/or melancholia. On the contrary, there is a general belief that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are superior to the tricyclic anti-depressants in having fewer side-effects, particularly cardiovascular effects. The objective of this double-blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and nortriptyline in patients with moderate to severe major depression.METHODS: A total of 48 adult outpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), forth edition for major depression, based on the structured clinical interview for DSM IV participated in the trial. Patients had a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 20. In this double-blind, single-center trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive nortriptyline 150 mg/day (group 1) or fluoxetine 60 mg/day (group 2) for 6-weeks. The outcome of the two groups was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a side-effect checklist and a regular ECG assessment.RESULTS: The results suggest that the efficacy of nortriptyline is superior to fluoxetine in this group of major depressed patients. No significant differences were observed between dropout rates in the two groups but anti-cholinergic side-effects were significantly more frequent with nortriptyline than with fluoxetine but there was no significant difference in cardiovascular effects in particular QTc prolongation.CONCLUSION: The results of the current study suggest that nortriptyline was more effective than fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. A larger study is warranted.
|
['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nortriptyline']
| 14,632,962
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.055'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.535', 'D04.615.181.384.535']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neuronal ablation of mt-AspRS in mice induces immune pathway activation prior to severe and progressive cortical and behavioral disruption.
|
Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a rare, slowly progressive white matter disease caused by mutations in the mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-AspRS, or DARS2). While patients show characteristic MRI T2 signal abnormalities throughout the cerebral white matter, brainstem, and spinal cord, the phenotypic spectrum is broad and a multitude of gene variants have been associated with the disease. Here, Dars2 disruption in CamKIIá-expressing cortical and hippocampal neurons results in slowly progressive increases in behavioral activity at five months, and culminating by nine months as severe brain atrophy, behavioral dysfunction, reduced corpus callosum thickness, and microglial morphology indicative of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, RNAseq based gene expression studies performed prior to the presentation of this severe phenotype reveal the upregulation of several pathways involved in immune activation, cytokine production and signaling, and defense response regulation. RNA transcript analysis demonstrates that activation of immune and cell stress pathways are initiated in advance of a behavioral phenotype and cerebral deficits. An understanding of these pathways and their contribution to significant neuronal loss in CamKII-Dars2 deficient mice may aid in deciphering mechanisms of LBSL pathology.
|
['Animals', 'Aspartate-tRNA Ligase', 'Atrophy', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Hippocampus', 'Leukoencephalopathies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitochondria', 'Neurons']
| 31,887,305
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.464.263.200.150'], ['C23.300.070'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.200', 'D12.644.360.100.200', 'D12.776.476.100.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['C10.228.140.695'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early care and education for children in immigrant families.
|
A substantial and growing share of the population, immigrant children are more likely than children with native-born parents to face a variety of circumstances, such as low family income, low parental education, and language barriers that place them at risk of developmental delay and poor academic performance once they enter school. Lynn Karoly and Gabriella Gonzalez examine the current role of and future potential for early care and education (ECE) programs in promoting healthy development for immigrant children. Participation in center-based care and preschool programs has been shown to have substantial short-term benefits and may also lead to long-term gains as children go through school and enter adulthood. Yet, overall, immigrant children have lower rates of participation in nonparental care of any type, including center-based ECE programs, than their native counterparts. Much of the participation gap can be explained by just a few economic and sociodemographic factors, the authors find. To some extent, the factors that affect disadvantaged immigrant children resemble those of their similarly disadvantaged native counterparts. Affordability, availability, and access to ECE programs are structural barriers for many immigrant families, as they are for disadvantaged families more generally. Language barriers, bureaucratic complexity, and distrust of government programs, especially among undocumented immigrants, are unique challenges that may prevent some immigrant families from taking advantage of ECE programs, even when their children might qualify for subsidies. Cultural preferences for parental care at home can also be a barrier. Thus the authors suggest that policy makers follow a two-pronged approach for improving ECE participation rates among immigrant children. First, they note, federal and state ECE programs that target disadvantaged children in general are likely to benefit disadvantaged immigrant children as well. Making preschool attendance universal is one way to benefit all immigrant children. Second, participation gaps that stem from the unique obstacles facing immigrants, such as language barriers and informational gaps, can be addressed through the way publicly subsidized and private or nonprofit programs are structured.
|
['Child Care', 'Child, Preschool', 'Early Intervention, Educational', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn']
| 21,465,856
|
[['I01.880.787.293.360', 'N02.421.088'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.421.143.130.320', 'N02.421.726.320'], ['M01.189'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Architecture and density of the connective tissue papillae of the human oral mucosa.
|
The papillary body of the human oral mucosa was studied at six different sites. Biopsy and autopsy material from 57 individuals, 11-81 years of age, was split chemically along the basal lamina and the epithelium-connective tissue interface examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric techniques were employed in order to determine: epithelial thickness, height and density of connective tissue papillae and the percentage of basal epithelial surfaces occupied by them. In the majority of sites, connective tissue plateaux or ridges carrying a variable number of single or grouped papillae were found to be the basic structural units of the papillary body. Three regions with diferent characteristics of the epithelium-connective tissue interface could be identified: (1) floor of the mouth, (2) lip and cheek, (3) gingiva and hard palate. The floor of the mouth showed the lowest connective tissue papillae density, the smallest papillae, and connective tissue plateaux separated by narrow grooves. Lip and cheek mucosae revealed an intermediate density, the papillae were frequently bifurcated and angulated. Gingiva and hard palate were characterized by the highest papillary density and by papillae which were cylindrical, slender and erect. The alveolar mucosa exhibited intermediate features between those of the floor of the mouth and those of the cheek mucosa.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alveolar Process', 'Anthropometry', 'Cheek', 'Child', 'Connective Tissue', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Lip', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Floor', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Palate']
| 838,625
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['A01.456.505.173', 'A14.194'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A10.165'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A14.549.441'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['A14.521.658', 'A14.549.617']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Photosensitizer-conjugated Cu-In-S heterostructured nanorods for cancer targeted photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy.
|
Photo-activated therapy is a non-invasive and promising medical technology for the treatment of cancers. Herein, we present Ce6-HA-CIS phototherapeutic nanohybrids composed of Cu-In-S (CIS) heterostructured nanorod (HS-rod), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the use in targeted photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT). In the Ce6-HA-CIS nanohybrids, the CIS HS-rod was investigated as a PTT agent to convert light into thermal energy, with Ce6 acting as a PDT agent to generate singlet oxygen (1O2). HA encapsulated the surface of the CIS HS-rod and aided the hydrophobic CIS HS-rod in achieving aqueous solubility. HA also acts as a tumor-specific targeting vector of cancer cells bearing the cluster determinant 44 receptor. Under light irradiation, the fabricated Ce6-HA-CIS nanohybrids exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency, good photo-stability, and satisfactory photodynamic activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Ce6-HA-CIS showed low cytotoxicity and synergistic photodynamic and photothermal cancer cell killing effects as compared to PTT or PDT agents alone. Therefore, these phototherapeutic nanohybrids may enhance cancer therapy in future clinical applications.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Copper', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Female', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Indium', 'Light', 'Male', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Nanotubes', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Singlet Oxygen', 'Sulfur', 'Zebrafish']
| 30,678,970
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['D01.268.556.381', 'D01.552.544.381'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D01.339.431.500'], ['D01.268.185.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A hierarchical spectral clustering and nonlinear dimensionality reduction scheme for detection of prostate cancer from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
|
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been shown to have great clinical potential as a supplement to magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of prostate cancer (CaP). MRS provides functional information in the form of changes in the relative concentration of specific metabolites including choline, creatine, and citrate which can be used to identify potential areas of CaP. With a view to assisting radiologists in interpretation and analysis of MRS data, some researchers have begun to develop computer-aided detection (CAD) schemes for CaP identification from spectroscopy. Most of these schemes have been centered on identifying and integrating the area under metabolite peaks which is then used to compute relative metabolite ratios. However, manual identification of metabolite peaks on the MR spectra, and especially via CAD, is a challenging problem due to low signal-to-noise ratio, baseline irregularity, peak overlap, and peak distortion. In this article the authors present a novel CAD scheme that integrates nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) with an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to automatically identify suspicious regions on the prostate using MRS and hence avoids the need to explicitly identify metabolite peaks. The methodology comprises two stages. In stage 1, a hierarchical spectral clustering algorithm is used to distinguish between extracapsular and prostatic spectra in order to localize the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the prostate. Once the prostate ROI is localized, in stage 2, a NLDR scheme, in conjunction with a replicated clustering algorithm, is used to automatically discriminate between three classes of spectra (normal appearing, suspicious appearing, and indeterminate). The methodology was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated on a total of 18 1.5 T in vivo prostate T2-weighted (w) and MRS studies obtained from the multisite, multi-institutional American College of Radiology (ACRIN) trial. In the absence of the precise ground truth for CaP extent on the MR imaging for most of the ACRIN studies, probabilistic quantitative metrics were defined based on partial knowledge on the quadrant location and size of the tumor. The scheme, when evaluated against this partial ground truth, was found to have a CaP detection sensitivity of 89.33% and specificity of 79.79%. The results obtained from randomized threefold and fivefold cross validation suggest that the NLDR based clustering scheme has a higher CaP detection accuracy compared to such commonly used MRS analysis schemes as z score and PCA. In addition, the scheme was found to be robust to changes in system parameters. For 6 of the 18 studies an expert radiologist laboriously labeled each of the individual spectra according to a five point scale, with 1/2 representing spectra that the expert considered normal and 3/4/5 being spectra the expert deemed suspicious. When evaluated on these expert annotated datasets, the CAD system yielded an average sensitivity (cluster corresponding to suspicious spectra being identified as the CaP class) and specificity of 81.39% and 64.71%, respectively.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Pilot Projects', 'Probability', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 19,810,465
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Real and virtual mobility performance in simulated prosthetic vision.
|
Wayfinding is an important activity that can be performed with limited visual resources, and thus may be an important application of early visual prostheses. In a pair of experiments we explored minimal visual resolution requirements of a simulated retinal electrode array for mobility in real and virtual environments, experienced by normally sighted subjects in video headsets. In experiment 1, inexperienced and experienced subjects traveled similar routes around a suite of offices with simulated implants of 4 x 4, 6 x 10 and 16 x 16 dots. In experiment 2, the effects of adding dynamic noise and removing a subset of 'phosphenes' from a 6 x 10 dot array on the mobility of experienced subjects through a series of different virtual 10-room buildings were determined. Performance was quantified in terms of time and navigation errors in both experiments, and wall contacts in the real environment; a compound score was also computed for trials in experiment 1. In experiment 1, inexperienced subjects required 16 x 16 dots for adequate performance, while experienced subjects reached similar levels with 6 x 10 dots. In experiment 2, dot removal up to 30% led to modest yet significant performance deterioration, and noise addition to slight but non-significant improvement, while practice led to a reduction in travel time by 50% over the 28-trial experiment. Error counts in experiment 2 were fairly high, but largely randomly distributed, and attributable to the high risk of becoming disoriented in the sparse visual environment. Substantial performance level differences were found between subjects, spanning a threefold range even after practice. The findings suggest that a retinal implant with as few as 60 electrodes may provide independent wayfinding abilities to the adventitiously blind, but that substantial practice and supervision will be required in learning this task.
|
['Adult', 'Blindness', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Space Perception', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 17,325,421
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E07.695'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Correlation between oocyte number and follicular fluid concentration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in women after superovulation treatment.
|
Follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization are influenced by interactions of peptide and steroid hormone-signaling cascades in the ovary. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays an important role in the regulation of several endocrine processes and is present in ovarian follicular fluid (FF). However, little is known about PACAP in FF with regard to maturation, ovulation, fertilization, and successful pregnancy. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between PACAP concentration in FF and ovarian response to superovulation treatment in infertile women, performed in volunteers (n = 132; aged between 20 and 35). After treatment, the number of harvested oocytes was recorded and PACAP immunoreactivity in FF was measured by radioimmunoassay. All the corresponding PACAP concentrations were below 290 fmol/ml in cases when the number of harvested oocytes exceeded 14 per patient, while in all cases above 290 fmol/ml, the number of oocytes was below 14. Using these cutoff values, we determined three study groups: high-PACAP concentration, high-oocyte number, and low-PACAP concentration-low-oocyte number groups. Median values of PACAP concentration in these groups were 411.2, 106.5, and 101.0 fmol/ml, respectively, while the median values of harvested oocytes were 5.5, 19.0, and 5.0, respectively. Differences were significant, indicating a correlation between concentration of PACAP in FF and the number of recruited oocytes. Higher concentrations of PACAP in FF might be associated with lower number of developing oocytes, while low concentrations of PACAP might correlate with a markedly higher number of ova retrieved, thus predicting a higher chance for ovarian hyperstimulation. Our present study is among the first few human clinical studies with direct conclusions drawn for possible clinical impact of PACAP.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Count', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human', 'Follicular Fluid', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Oocytes', 'Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome', 'Ovary', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Superovulation', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting', 'Triptorelin Pamoate', 'Young Adult']
| 22,415,357
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.343.288.625'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.150', 'A06.300.312.497.535.150', 'A12.207.270.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['C13.351.500.056.630.642', 'C19.391.630.642'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['D12.644.276.860.887', 'D12.644.400.625', 'D12.776.467.860.887', 'D12.776.631.600.887', 'D12.776.631.650.625', 'D23.529.850.887'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E02.875.800.984.500', 'E05.820.800.984.500', 'G08.686.784.690.768'], ['E04.936.537'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320.790', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320.790', 'D12.644.456.460.800', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320.790', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320.790'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Head-Mounted Mixed-Reality Technology During Robotic-Assisted Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision.
|
INTRODUCTION: Head-mounted mixed-reality technologies may enable advanced intraoperative visualization during visceral surgery. In this technical note, we describe an innovative use of real-time mixed reality during robotic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision.TECHNIQUE: Video signals from the robotic console and video endoscopic transanal approach were displayed on a virtual monitor using a head-up display. The surgeon, assistant, and a surgical trainee used this technique during abdominal and transanal robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision. We evaluated the feasibility and usability of this approach with the use of validated scales.RESULTS: The technical feasibility of the real-time visualization provided by the current setup was demonstrated for both the robotic and transanal parts of the surgery. The surgeon, assistant, and trainee each used the mixed-reality device for 15, 55, and 35 minutes. All participants handled the device intuitively and reported a high level of comfort during the surgery. The task load was easily manageable (task load index: <4/21), although the surgeon and assistant both noted a short delay in the real-time video.CONCLUSION: The implementation of head-mounted mixed-reality technology during robotic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision can benefit the operating surgeon, assistant, and surgical trainee. Further improvements in display quality, connectivity, and systems integration are necessary.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesentery', 'Proctectomy', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Robotic Surgical Procedures', 'Transanal Endoscopic Surgery', 'Virtual Reality']
| 30,640,838
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['E04.210.895'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E04.749.500', 'J01.897.104.834.500'], ['E01.370.388.250.630.500', 'E04.210.240.250.680.500', 'E04.502.250.250.250.680.500', 'E04.502.250.630.500'], ['L01.224.160.875', 'L01.296.555']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of epimeric 17-ketone impurities in commercial sample of dexamethasone sodium phosphate.
|
A commercial sample of dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution for injection was found to contain 56% of the label concentration and to be extensively contaminated (approximately 50%) with a white insoluble solid, which was identified as a mixture of the 16 alpha- and 16 beta-methyl epimers of 9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-16-methylandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate, identify, and quantitate these epimers and to determine their presence in commercial samples. One epimer was identified by HPLC comparison with a synthesized specimen of 9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-16 alpha-methylan-drosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. The second peak was identified as the 16 beta-epimer by epimerization of the synthesized alpha-component with alkali to obtain a product whose chromatogram matched that of the impurity. These conclusions are supported by data obtained by IR and UV spectrophotometry, TLC, and the blue tetrazolium test.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Dexamethasone', 'Drug Contamination', 'Isomerism', 'Ketones', 'Methods']
| 435,334
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of a sequence within the mouse metallothionein-I gene promoter mediating its basal transcription and of a protein interacting with this element.
|
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that a trans-acting factor, which binds to a 106 bp sequence in the mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene, is responsible for the relatively high level of MT-I gene transcription in the liver. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we have now identified a 26 bp sequence within the 106 bp region, which interacts with a trans-activating factor in the liver nuclear extract. This sequence, designated MRE-c', is located between positions -135 and -110 with respect to the transcription start site and comprises the metal regulatory element MRE-c and part of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. UV cross-linking and Southwestern analysis showed that a protein of an apparent molecular mass of 33,000 specifically interacts with MRE-c'. Deletion of the MRE-c' region resulted in a six- to sevenfold decrease in the MT-I promoter activity, as measured by reduction in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. A comparison of other regulatory domains of the MT-I gene and the potential factors interacting with these sequences indicates that MRE-c' and probably the 33 kDa polypeptide are involved in the constitutive transcription of the MT-I gene.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Metallothionein', 'Methylation', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 8,173,589
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.556.670'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['A11.284.835'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Undetectable bcr-abl rearrangements in some CML patients are due to a deletion mutation in the bcr gene.
|
Most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Breakpoints on chromosome 22 in CML occur in a small region designated as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr). More than 90 percent of CML patients have breakpoints in the bcr; the remaining patients had no detectable rearrangement. In our study, a commercially available 1.2 kb HindIII-BglII (1.2 HBg) bcr probe was used to locate breakpoints in the bcr, which were found in 22 of 24 patients. Furthermore, using a probe upstream from the 1.2 HBg probe, rearranged bands were clearly detected in the two patients in whom no extra bands had been found with the 1.2 HBg probe. These results strongly suggest that these two patients carry a deletion at the acr-abl recombination point encompassing the area of the 1.2 HBg probe. Therefore, in our series, all CML patients eventually had breakpoints in the bcr, and the involvement of rearrangement was demonstrated to be highly specific for CML. Our data indicate that hybridization of CML cellular DNA with several bcr probes is important in examining accurately the frequency of bcr-abl rearrangements in CML, as some cases contain a deletion within the region.
|
['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Mutation', 'Nucleotide Mapping', 'Oncogenes', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 2,835,901
|
[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.515', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.515'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.655', 'E05.196.401.319.670', 'E05.196.680'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The analgesic effect of crossing the arms.
|
The ability to determine precisely the location of sensory stimuli is fundamental to how we interact with the world; indeed, to our survival. Crossing the hands over the body midline impairs this ability to localize tactile stimuli. We hypothesized that crossing the arms would modulate the intensity of pain evoked by noxious stimulation of the hand. In two separate experiments, we show (1) that the intensity of both laser-evoked painful sensations and electrically-evoked nonpainful sensations were decreased when the arms were crossed over the midline, and (2) that these effects were associated with changes in the multimodal cortical processing of somatosensory information. Critically, there was no change in the somatosensory-specific cortical processing of somatosensory information. Besides studies showing relief of phantom limb pain using mirrors, this is the first evidence that impeding the processes by which the brain localises a noxious stimulus can reduce pain, and that this effect reflects modulation of multimodal neural activities. By showing that the neural mechanisms by which pain emerges from nociception represent a possible target for analgesia, we raise the possibility of novel approaches to the treatment of painful clinical conditions. Crossing the arms over the midline impairs multimodal processing of somatosensory stimuli and induces significant analgesia to noxious hand stimulation.
|
['Adult', 'Analgesia', 'Biophysics', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Male', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Young Adult']
| 21,440,992
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.091'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.723'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oxygen partial pressure plays a crucial role in B16 melanoma cell survival by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial functions.
|
The oxygen partial pressure generally increases when cancerous cells become part of the blood vessels. The study was to investigate the influence of oxygen partial pressure on the apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells. Our results demonstrated that both short-term and long-term hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment increased stress-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). H/R treatment also increased apoptosis and autophagy in B16 cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, can reduce ROS and aid survival. However, Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor, can accelerate cell death. Thus, our work revealed that ROS and autophagy play critical roles in cellular H/R.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxygen', 'Partial Pressure', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Tumor Hypoxia']
| 30,745,108
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G03.197.300.500', 'G04.270.300.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myoglobin immunoassay utilizing directional surface plasmon-coupled emission.
|
We described an immunoassay for the cardiac marker myoglobin on a thin silver mirror surface using surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). SPCE occurs for fluorophores in proximity (within approximately 200 nm) of a thin metal film (in our case, silver) and results in a highly directional radiation through a glass substrate at a well-defined angle from the normal axis. We used the effect of SPCE to develop a myoglobin immunoassay on the silver mirror surface deposited on a glass substrate. Binding of the labeled anti-myoglobin antibodies led to the enhanced fluorescence emission at a specific angle of 72 degrees . The directional and enhanced directional fluorescence emission enables detection of myoglobin over a wide range of concentrations from subnormal to the elevated level of this cardiac marker. Utilizing SPCE allowed us also to demonstrate significant background suppression (from serum or whole blood) in the myoglobin immunoassay. We expect SPCE to become a powerful technique for performing immunoassays for many biomarkers in surface-bound assays.
|
['Immunoassay', 'Myoglobin', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 15,516,120
|
[['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mast cells containing melanin granules in sublingual keratosis.
|
In an ultrastructural study of 3 biopsies taken from the floor of the mouth of 2 patients suffering from sublingual keratosis, it was found that some of the mast cells appearing within the epithelium and connective tissue contained melanin granules which were found to be positive with Masson Fontana stain for melanin. These cells showed all the characteristic features of mast cells and not macrophages. The present results suggest that mast cells have phagocytosed melanin granules and therefore support those views suggesting that mast cells are capable of phagocytosis. They also suggest that not all the cells containing melanin granules and appearing in the lamina propria are the conventional melanophages but some of these may be mast cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukoplakia, Oral', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Melanins', 'Mouth Floor', 'Phagocytosis']
| 3,114,448
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.591.545', 'C04.834.512.513', 'C07.465.530.545', 'C23.300.816.513'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['A14.549.441'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between intrafollicular concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and steroid hormones in oestrogenic and non-oestrogenic ovarian follicles in the mare.
|
The objective of the present study was to determine whether parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is present in the equine follicular fluid and if so, how it is related to the follicular development in the horse. For this purpose, ovaries were collected from 40 Thoroughbred and Thoroughbred Cross mares at slaughter during the period from February to May. Normal growing follicles were dissected from the ovaries of each mare and their diameters measured. A total of 174 follicles was used in this study. The follicular fluid was aspirated from each follicle and assayed for PTHrP, oestradiol (E), testosterone (T) and progesterone (P). The follicles were classified as either oestrogenic or non-oestrogenic if the follicular fluid content of oestradiol was >40 or <40 ng/ml, respectively. PTHrP concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in oestrogenic follicles, but T and P concentrations did not differ. Furthermore, E:T ratio was significantly (P<0.05) greater in oestrogenic follicles compared to the non-oestrogenic ones. The mean diameter of oestrogenic follicles was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that of non-oestrogenic ones. The higher concentrations of PTHrP observed in the follicular fluid of healthy oestrogenic follicles suggest that it may have a role in the control of ovarian function.
|
['Animals', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicular Fluid', 'Horses', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein', 'Peptide Hormones', 'Progesterone', 'Testosterone']
| 12,559,723
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.150', 'A06.300.312.497.535.150', 'A12.207.270.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['D06.472.699.591', 'D12.644.276.908', 'D12.644.548.588', 'D12.776.467.890', 'D23.529.890'], ['D06.472.699', 'D12.644.548'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of Marine Submergence and Season on Faunal Colonization and Decomposition of Pig Carcasses in the Salish Sea.
|
Pig carcasses, as human proxies, were placed on the seabed at a depth of 300 m, in the Strait of Georgia and observed continuously by a remotely operated camera and instruments. Two carcasses were deployed in spring and two in fall utilizing Ocean Network Canada's Victoria Experimental Network under the Sea (formerly VENUS) observatory. A trial experiment showed that bluntnose sixgill sharks could rapidly devour a carcass so a platform was designed which held two matched carcasses, one fully exposed, the other covered in a barred cage to protect it from sharks, while still allowing invertebrates and smaller vertebrates access. The carcasses were deployed under a frame which supported a video camera, and instruments which recorded oxygen, temperature, salinity, density, pressure, conductivity, sound speed and turbidity at per minute intervals. The spring exposed carcass was briefly fed upon by sharks, but they were inefficient feeders and lost interest after a few bites. Immediately after deployment, all carcasses, in both spring and fall, were very rapidly covered in vast numbers of lyssianassid amphipods. These skeletonized the carcasses by Day 3 in fall and Day 4 in spring. A dramatic, very localized drop in dissolved oxygen levels occurred in fall, exactly coinciding with the presence of the amphipods. Oxygen levels returned to normal once the amphipods dispersed. Either the physical presence of the amphipods or the sudden draw down of oxygen during their tenure, excluded other fauna. The amphipods fed from the inside out, removing the skin last. After the amphipods had receded, other fauna colonized such as spot shrimp and a few Dungeness crabs but by this time, all soft tissue had been removed. The amphipod activity caused major bioturbation in the local area and possible oxygen depletion. The spring deployment carcasses became covered in silt and a black film formed on them and on the silt above them whereas the fall bones remained uncovered and hence continued to be attractive to large numbers of spot shrimp. The carcass remains were recovered after 166 and 134 days respectively for further study.
|
['Amphipoda', 'Animals', 'British Columbia', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Oxygen', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Seasons', 'Seawater', 'Sus scrofa', 'Washington']
| 26,930,206
|
[['B01.050.500.131.365.055'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
2-photon imaging of phagocyte-mediated T cell activation in the CNS.
|
Autoreactive T cells can infiltrate the CNS to cause disorders such as multiple sclerosis. In order to visualize T cell activation in the CNS, we introduced a truncated fluorescent derivative of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) as a real-time T cell activation indicator. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rat model of multiple sclerosis, we tracked T cells interacting with structures of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB). 2-photon imaging documented the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of fluorescent NFAT, indicative of calcium-dependent activation of the T cells in the perivascular space, but not within the vascular lumen. The activation was related to contacts with the local antigen-presenting phagocytes and was noted only in T cells with a high pathogenic potential. T cell activation implied the presentation of an autoantigen, as the weakly pathogenic T cells, which remained silent in the untreated hosts, were activated upon instillation of exogenous autoantigen. Activation did not cogently signal long-lasting arrest, as individual T cells were able to sequentially contact fresh APCs. We propose that the presentation of local autoantigen by BBB-associated APCs provides stimuli that guide autoimmune T cells to the CNS destination, enabling them to attack the target tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Autoantigens', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Tracking', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Meninges', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton', 'Microscopy, Video', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Phagocytes', 'Protein Transport', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 23,454,769
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['D23.050.422'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E01.370.225.500.373', 'E01.370.350.557.500', 'E05.200.500.373', 'E05.242.373'], ['A11.251'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A08.186.566'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.458.500', 'E01.370.350.515.717.250', 'E05.595.458.500', 'E05.595.717.250'], ['E01.370.350.515.690', 'E05.595.690', 'J01.897.280.500.898.475', 'L01.178.820.090.898.475', 'L01.178.847.823.475'], ['D12.776.930.608'], ['A11.733', 'A15.382.680'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Past, present and future challenges in health care priority setting.
|
Purpose Current conditions have intensified the need for health systems to engage in the difficult task of priority setting. As the search for a "magic bullet" is replaced by an appreciation for the interplay between evidence, interests, culture, and outcomes, progress in relation to these dimensions requires assessment of achievements to date and identification of areas where knowledge and practice require attention most urgently. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach An international survey was administered to experts in the area of priority setting. The survey consisted of open-ended questions focusing on notable achievements, policy and practice challenges, and areas for future research in the discipline of priority setting. It was administered online between February and March of 2015. Findings "Decision-making frameworks" and "Engagement" were the two most frequently mentioned notable achievements. "Priority setting in practice" and "Awareness and education" were the two most frequently mentioned policy and practical challenges. "Priority setting in practice" and "Engagement" were the two most frequently mentioned areas in need of future research. Research limitations/implications Sampling bias toward more developed countries. Future study could use findings to create a more concise version to distribute more broadly. Practical implications Globally, these findings could be used as a platform for discussion and decision making related to policy, practice, and research in this area. Originality/value Whilst this study reaffirmed the continued importance of many longstanding themes in the priority setting literature, it is possible to also discern clear shifts in emphasis as the discipline progresses in response to new challenges.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Decision Making', 'Health Policy', 'Health Priorities', 'Hospital Administration', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,771,204
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N03.349.330', 'N05.300.400'], ['H02.309', 'N02.278.216.500', 'N04.452.442.452'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis using obligate anaerobic culture technique and 16S rDNA gene sequence.
|
PURPOSE: To analyze and characterize the predominant bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis by using culture techniques under obligate anaerobic conditions and 16S rDNA gene sequences.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subgingival bacterial specimens were taken from 30 patients: control (n = 15), consisting of patients with only healthy implants; and test (n = 15), consisting of patients with peri-implantitis. In both groups, subgingival bacterial specimens were taken from the deepest sites. An anaerobic glove box system was used to cultivate bacterial strains. The bacterial strains were identified by 16S rDNA genebased polymerase chain reaction and comparison of the gene sequences.RESULTS: Peri-implantitis sites had approximately 10-fold higher mean colony forming units (per milliliter) than healthy implant sites. A total of 69 different bacterial species were identified in the peri-implantitis sites and 53 in the healthy implant sites. The predominant bacterial species in the peri-implantitis sites were Eubacterium nodatum, E. brachy, E. saphenum, Filifactor alocis, Slackia exigua, Parascardovia denticolens, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Centipeda periodontii, and Parvimonas micra. The predominant bacteria in healthy implant sites apart from Streptococcus were Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Veillonella species, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces species, Propionibacterium acnes, and Parvimonas micra.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the environment in the depths of the sulcus showing peri-implantitis is well suited for growth of obligate anaerobic bacteria. The present study demonstrated that the sulcus around oral implants with peri-implantitis harbors high levels of asaccharolytic anaerobic gram-positive rods (AAGPRs) such as E. nodatum, E. brachy, E. saphenum, Filifactor alocis, Slackia exigua, and gram-negative anaerobic rods, suggesting that conventional periodontopathic bacteria are not the only periodontal pathogens active in peri-implantitis, and that AAGPRs may also play an important role.
|
['Aged', 'Bacteria', 'Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'Bacterial Load', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Dental Implants', 'Female', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peri-Implantitis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 24,278,920
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B03'], ['B03.130'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.714.282'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Distribution of 14C-nicotinic acid in the organs of white rats with a prolonged protein and choline deficit].
|
In animals receiving for 12 months a ration deficiency of protein and choline distribution of 14C-nicotinic acid among their organs was determined. In the distribution 14C-nicotinic acid in the organs of the control and test groups of the animals no difference was in evidence.
|
['Animals', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Choline Deficiency', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'Protein Deficiency', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 1,021,991
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.160'], ['A03.620'], ['D03.066.515', 'D03.383.725.547'], ['C18.654.521.500.708'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Renovascular disease and the risk of adverse coronary events in the elderly: a prospective, population-based study.
|
BACKGROUND: Renovascular disease is a cause of secondary hypertension and renal insufficiency and is suspected to contribute to morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease. This investigation prospectively examined associations between renovascular disease and adverse coronary events among a population-based sample of elderly Americans.METHODS: The Cardiovascular Health Study is a prospective, multicenter cohort study of cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality among Americans older than 65 years. Renal duplex sonography was performed on 870 individuals between January 1995 and February 1997. Renovascular disease was defined as any focal peak systolic velocity of 1.8 m/s or greater (renal artery stenosis) or the absence of a Doppler-shifted signal from an imaged artery (renal artery occlusion). Adverse coronary events were defined as hospitalized angina, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 14 months, 68 participants experienced incident or recurrent adverse coronary events. The presence of renovascular disease demonstrated a significant relationship with adverse coronary events (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-3.83; P = .05) that remained after controlling for the effects of coexisting atherosclerotic risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease. The relationship between renovascular disease and adverse coronary events was not dependent on the effects of increased blood pressure.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of renovascular disease was associated with an increase in the risk of adverse coronary events in this sample. The increment in risk was not dependent on the effects of associated atherosclerotic risk factors, other prevalent cardiovascular disease, or increased blood pressure.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Heart Function Tests', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Renovascular', 'Incidence', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Rate', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'United States']
| 15,668,368
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['E01.370.370.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.331.490', 'C13.351.968.419.331.490', 'C14.907.489.631.485'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.370.350.850.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Circumaortic renal collar. A potentially hazardous anomaly of the left renal vein.
|
The circumaortic renal collar is a potentially hazardous anomaly of the left renal vein. Failure to recognize the dorsal component during retroperitoneal surgery may lead to hemorrhage, nephrectomy or death. The angiographer can make a significant contribution in documenting this anomally in patients who are candidates for surgery in this area.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Renal Veins']
| 1,200,228
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A07.015.908.752']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Occupational Health and Safety in the smelting and foundry industries in Mexico.
|
This paper reviews the epidemiological features of the accidents and illnesses in smelters and foundries affiliated with Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social for the year 1977. The accident rate per 100 workers was 26, which was second to mining among all industries listed; this rate is almost double that for all factories as a whole, and the accidents tended to be more severe. In contrast, there was little reporting of occupational illnesses in smelters and foundries. There were only 29 illnesses with 20 resulting in permanent disability and one in death. The most common occupational illnesses were: acoustic trauma (50%), industrial bronchitis (20%), siderosis (10%), chemical and physical conjunctivitis (5%), and miscellaneous including poisonings (15%).
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Humans', 'Legislation as Topic', 'Metallurgy', 'Mexico', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Medicine', 'Safety']
| 7,342,770
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.615'], ['J01.576.655.875.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['C24'], ['H02.403.720.750.510'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibition of regulatory volume decrease in swollen rat primary astrocyte cultures by methylmercury is due to increased amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake.
|
Primary astrocyte cultures from neonatal rats were swollen by exposure to hypotonic buffer with and without 10 microM methylmercury (MeHg). We investigated the effects of MeHg on K+ (using 86Rb), taurine, D-aspartate (a non metabolizable analogue of glutamate) and Na+ fluxes during regulatory volume decrease (RVD), with an electrical impedance method for determination of cell volume, coupled with on-line measurements of efflux of radioactive ions and amino acids. Addition of 10 microM MeHg completely inhibited RVD in swollen astrocytes, increased the uptake of 22Na+, increased 86Rb release, and decreased 3H-taurine release. There was no effect on the rate of release of 3H-D-aspartate from swollen astrocytes. 0.5 mM amiloride completely inhibited MeHg-induced increased Na+ influx during RVD, while 1 mM furosemide had no effect. When Na+ in the hypotonic buffer was replaced with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG), RVD in the presence of MeHg was indistinguishable from controls. These results indicate that MeHg increases cellular permeability to ions such as Na+ and K+, and that an increase in Na+ permeability via Na+/H+ exchange, offsetting K+ loss, is the primary mechanism in its inhibition of RVD in swollen astrocytes.
|
['Amiloride', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Astrocytes', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Homeostasis', 'Hypotonic Solutions', 'Kinetics', 'Methylmercury Compounds', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rubidium', 'Sodium', 'Taurine']
| 8,891,281
|
[['D03.383.679.149'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G07.410'], ['D26.776.399'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.691.750.100.738'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.268.549.650', 'D01.268.556.800', 'D01.552.528.759', 'D01.552.544.800'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4á transactivates the mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase gene in the kidney of Sparus aurata.
|
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plays an important role in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. The preference of carnivorous fish for protein amino acids instead of carbohydrates as a source of energy lead us to study the transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial ALT (mALT) gene and to characterize the enzyme kinetics and modulation of mALT expression in the kidney of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) under different nutritional and hormonal conditions. 5'-Deletion analysis of mALT promoter in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays allowed us to identify HNF4á as a new factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of mALT expression. Quantitative RT-PCR assays showed that starvation and the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) decreased HNF4á levels in the kidney of S. aurata, leading to the downregulation of mALT transcription. Analysis of the tissue distribution showed that kidney, liver, and intestine were the tissues with higher mALT and HNF4á expression. Kinetic analysis indicates that mALT enzyme is more efficient in catalyzing the conversion of L: -alanine to pyruvate than the reverse reaction. From these results, we conclude that HNF4á transactivates the mALT promoter and that the low levels of mALT expression found in the kidney of starved and STZ-treated fish result from a decreased expression of HNF4á. Our findings suggest that the mALT isoenzyme plays a major role in oxidazing dietary amino acids, and points to ALT as a target for a biotechnological action to spare protein and optimize the use of dietary nutrients for fish culture.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kidney', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Response Elements', 'Sea Bream']
| 21,607,544
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.776.260.262.968', 'D12.776.660.352.968', 'D12.776.826.119', 'D12.776.930.318.968'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reversible reduction of insulin receptor affinity by ATP depletion in rat adipocytes.
|
The effects of the metabolic inhibitor NaN3 on insulin receptors in isolated rat fat-cells were investigated. The agent reduced insulin binding in parallel to a decrease of the ATP content of cells. Both effects were observed in the same concentration range of NaN3, and were fully reversible. According to the binding curves the affinity rather than the number of receptors was reduced. Kinetic experiments revealed an increased dissociation rate of the insulin-receptor complex. The effects outlasted cell disruption, since the receptor affinity was still lowered in plasma membranes obtained from NaN3-treated cells. Thus an inhibition of insulin internalization could not account for the observed effects. It is suggested that the observed ATP-dependence of insulin receptor affinity reflects a reversible structural alteration of the receptor, or of some closely related membrane protein.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Sodium Nitrite']
| 6,351,848
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['D01.625.600.600.800', 'D01.857.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impairment of RNA synthesis and its recovery in angelicin photosensitized mammalian cells. A probe for DNA damage and repair.
|
The template activity of DNA for ribosomal RNA transcription has been investigated in monkey kidney CV-1 cells after angelicin photosensitization in order to monitor the induction of lesions in the DNA and their possible subsequent disappearance, i.e. repair. Separate confluent cultures were submitted to a single angelicin treatment at different time intervals before incubation with [3H]uridine. The labeled RNA prepared from whole cells was analysed by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that: Angelicin monoadditions on DNA constitute transcription-terminating lesions which depress overall RNA synthesis, give rise to shortened RNA chains and modify the expression of transcriptional linked genes. CV-1 cells are able to repair, at least partially, the induced transcription-terminating lesions and progressively recover RNA synthesis with a reversion of the initially observed modifications. The repair seems to be independent of semiconservative DNA synthesis since fluorodeoxyuridine does not affect the recovery of RNA transcription. The present work also confirms the arrangement of rRNA genes in tandem behind a common operator in the order 18--28 S as previously determined in the same cells by a radiological mapping technique and reinforces the potential applicability of transcription analysis to the study of repair processes operating on physically or chemically induced damage in DNA.
|
['Cell Line', 'DNA', 'DNA Repair', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Furocoumarins', 'Kinetics', 'RNA', 'Ribosomes', 'Templates, Genetic', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 718,926
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794', 'D03.633.300.770'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D13.444.735'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['G05.360.840'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Arterial foam cells with distinctive immunomorphologic and histochemical features of macrophages.
|
A variable population of fat-filled "foam" cells in diet-induced experimental arterial intimal plaques of rabbits and monkeys were analyzed for several features characteristic of macrophages. These included: 1) surface binding and phagocytosis of antibody-coated or complement-coated erythrocytes to detect specific surface receptors; 2) cytochemical tests and ultrastructural features to evaluate cell function and structure; and 3) rapid adherence to glass, a feature of macrophage activity, to isolate and identify a homogeneous population of fat-filled foam cells from excised and disrupted arterial lesions. Mixed populations of cells grown in culture from explants of lesions were also analyzed and lipid-filled cells were studied in histologic sections of adjacent lesions. Eighty to ninety percent of the easily dislodged glass-adherent cells from lesions had surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G and for the third component of complement. Coated red blood cells were readily phagocytized, but noncoated cells were not. Acid lipase activity was demonstrated in the Fc-receptor-positive cells. These cells were also devoid of ultrastructural features of smooth muscle. Among the cells growing or migrating out of explants, a population of large round foam cells possessed all of the macrophage features found in the glass-adherent cells from lesions and lacked ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle. Fusiform lipid vacuolated cells also grew out of the explants but did not exhibit surface receptors, failed to phagocytize coated or noncoated erythrocytes and did not stain for acid lipase activity; these cells showed distinctive morphologic features of smooth muscle. In histologic sections of nearby lesions foam cells that showed macrophage characteristics, ie, acid lipase activity and the presence of lysozymelike antigen, lacked ultrastructural smooth muscle features. Smooth muscle cells in lesion sections often contained lipid but demonstrated no lysozyme or acid lipase activity. The occurrence of a population of cells with several functional and structural features of macrophages among the lipid-laden cells of experimental diet-induced arterial lesions suggests that some foam cells may be derived from monocytes. An alternative explanation, that metabolically altered autochthonous arterial wall cells assume one or more characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes is less likely, since some of the markers used in these experiments are unrelated. Both explanations deserve further careful study.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Erythrocytes', 'Femoral Artery', 'Foam Cells', 'Haplorhini', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lipase', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Muramidase', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Receptors, Fc', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Rosette Formation']
| 6,772,035
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['A11.329.372.368', 'A11.627.482.368', 'A11.733.397.368', 'A15.382.670.522.368', 'A15.382.680.397.368'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['E01.370.225.812.706', 'E05.200.812.706', 'E05.478.594.730']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human maternal and fetal response to graded exercise.
|
Six healthy active women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated in a graded exercise protocol to levels of exertion perceived to be equivalent to that of their usual exercise regimen. Fetal heart rate response (FHR) was documented by ultrasound transducer and confirmed (n = 1) by ultrasonic visualization. Resting maternal O2 consumption was 277 +/- 50 (SD) ml/min and rose to 1,132 +/- 202 ml/min at a mean final exercise intensity of 79 +/- 9 W after 12.8 +/- 1.7 min on a cycle ergometer. There was no significant change in maternal serum insulin, growth hormone, glucose, or pH values. Maternal leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and venous lactate levels rose significantly during the exercise (P less than 0.05). FHR prior to exercise was 142 +/- 4 beats/min and decreased to 84 +/- 34 beats/min during exercise. The decrease in FHR was documented within 1 min of initiating exercise in all cases. During exercise, fetal movements were not accompanied by FHR accelerations. Within 1 min following the cessation of exercise, FHR rose to 143 +/- 8 beats/min and fetal movements were accompanied by FHR accelerations. Since the recovery of FHR occurred immediately after cessation of maternal exercise, this level of maternal exercise does not appear to be harmful to the fetus.
|
['Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Fetal Heart', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Fetal Movement', 'Heart Rate', 'Hematocrit', 'Humans', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Pregnancy', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,888,949
|
[['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.374', 'G08.686.784.170.157.374'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of naturally forming human á/â-tryptase heterotetramers in the pathogenesis of hereditary á-tryptasemia.
|
Both á-tryptase and â-tryptase are preferentially expressed by human mast cells, but the purpose of á-tryptase is enigmatic, because its tetramers lack protease activity, whereas â-tryptase tetramers are active proteases. The monogenic disorder called hereditary á-tryptasemia, due to increased á-tryptase gene copies and protein expression, presents with clinical features such as vibratory urticaria and dysautonomia. We show that heterotetramers composed of 2á- and 2â-tryptase protomers (á/â-tryptase) form naturally in individuals who express á-tryptase. á/â-Tryptase, but not homotetramer, activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), which is expressed on cell types such as smooth muscle, neurons, and endothelium. Also, only á/â-tryptase makes mast cells susceptible to vibration-triggered degranulation by cleaving the á subunit of the EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2) mechanosensory receptor. Allosteric effects of á-tryptase protomers on neighboring â-tryptase protomers likely result in the novel substrate repertoire of á/â-tryptase tetramers that in turn cause some of the clinical features of hereditary á-tryptasemia and of other disorders involving mast cells.
|
['Adult', 'Allosteric Regulation', 'Cell Degranulation', 'Female', 'Genetic Diseases, Inborn', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Receptor, PAR-2', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Tryptases', 'Vibration']
| 31,337,736
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.044'], ['G04.468.160'], ['C16.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['G02.111.694'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.035', 'D12.776.543.750.792.249'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.902', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.902'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Complete remission of previously intractable peripheral cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of the lower extremity using isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion with melphalan (1-phenylalanine mustard).
|
The patient is a 74-year-old woman first diagnosed with a peripheral cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (PCTCL) in April of 1994. Initially she presented with subcutaneous indurated areas in the right forearm, scapula, and submadibular region. After chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), she went into remission for 2 years before relapse of her PCTCL localized to the right lower extremity. Persistent isolated disease in the extremity since then led to numerous chemotherapy regimens and localized radiation therapy. Due to dramatic limb threatening progression of the disease in 2001, she underwent isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion with melphalan (1-phenylalanine mustard). Although limb preservation could not be achieved, this treatment resulted in complete clinical and pathological regression of the lesions of the perfused extremity.
|
['Aged', 'Amputation', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Lower Extremity', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous', 'Melphalan', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 15,565,812
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.080'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['E02.319.267.200', 'E04.292.425'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['A01.378.610'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.800', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.800', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.800'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Carbohydrate dependent targeting of cancer cells by bleomycin-microbubble conjugates.
|
Biotinylated bleomycin A(5) was attached to streptavidin-derivatized microbubbles, and a solution containing the conjugate was passed over a monolayer of cultured MCF-7 cells. The bleomycin-derivatized microbubbles adhered to the MCF-7 cells, and the association could be monitored by the use of a microscope. Three other cancer cell lines gave similar results. The bleomycin-microbubble conjugate did not bind to a normal breast cell line (MCF-10A) or to the matched noncancer cell lines corresponding to the other cancer cell lines targeted by bleomycin. No binding to any tested cell line was observed when the microbubbles lacked conjugated bleomycin A(5) or when the microbubble contained a bleomycin A(5) analogue lacking the carbohydrate moiety.
|
['Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Biotin', 'Bleomycin', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Humans', 'Microbubbles', 'Streptavidin']
| 19,187,019
|
[['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.553'], ['D12.776.097.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of atracurium in cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass with induced hypothermia.
|
Atracurium was administered by infusion to 12 anaesthetized patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and induced hypothermia. Following an initial bolus dose of 0.6 mg kg-1, an infusion of atracurium was continued at an average rate of 0.0066 +/- 0.0003 mg kg-1 min-1 (0.4 mg kg-1 h-1) which was sufficient to maintain 90-95% block of the single twitch or train-of-four responses before bypass. Adequate surgical relaxation was provided with approximately half the rate of infusion of 0.0034 +/- 0.0003 mg kg-1 min-1 (0.2 mg kg-1 h-1) during cardiopulmonary bypass with induced hypothermia (25-26 degrees C) for 70-166 min. This rate of infusion during hypothermia was significantly slower (P less than 0.001) than that during normothermia. Thus, atracurium appeared to be suitable for use by continuous infusion in cardiac surgery and the temperature-dependent inactivation of atracurium was used to advantage because less drug was required during induced hypothermia.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atracurium', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Isoquinolines', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Neuromuscular Blocking Agents', 'Time Factors']
| 6,547,844
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.633.100.531.085.061'], ['E04.292.413'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D27.505.696.663.700.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological and autoradiographic studies on the corneal and limbal epithelium of rabbits.
|
The investigation was centered on the morphological features of the conjunctiva-cornea transition (limbus) of the rabbit eye and the proliferative behavior of its epithelium. The eyes were processed for examination with light and electron microscopy, as well as for autoradiography after intravitreal injection of [(3)H]thymidine ([(3)H]TdR). At the sites of extraocular muscle insertion, the vascularization of the stroma extended to the peripheral cornea, and the limbal epithelium was thin with its basal stratum made up by clear cuboidal cells. In between the muscle insertions, the cuboidal clear cells, as well as the stroma blood vessels, were scarce. At the light microscope level, the basement membrane was distinct in the cornea but not in the limbus or the conjunctiva. Autoradiographs demonstrated that, at the limbus, the basal cells migrated very quickly to the suprabasal region and remained there up to the 28-day interval. Labeled cells were identified in all epithelial layers of the cornea, including the basal one, at 21 and 28 days but not in the limbal basal clear cells. The rate of renewal of conjunctival epithelium was similar to that observed for the transition with scarce clear cells. The high-resolution autoradiographs demonstrated that the basal cuboidal clear limbal cells exhibit a quick renewal and that they are not label-retaining cells. These latter ones were detected all over the corneal epithelium and in the suprabasal layers of the limbus up to 28 days, in physiological conditions, without the need of stimulation by damage to the corneal epithelium.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Conjunctiva', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Limbus Corneae', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Rabbits']
| 18,213,705
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A09.371.060.217.659'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
With time changes of T-lymphocytes after Babesia infection in mice pretreated with Toxoplasma lysate antigen.
|
Adult female mice of the ICR/JCL strain were injected intraperitoneally with an emulsion of Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA; 100 micrograms per head) in light mineral oil (LMO) twice at 2 weeks' interval. Each mouse was inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(2) erythrocytes infected with Babesia rodhaini 2 weeks after the second injection of the emulsion. The rates of decrease in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value 10 days after inoculation, as compared with the counterparts determined 1 day before inoculation, were distinctly lower in these treated mice than in untreated control mice. In the course of Babesia inoculations, substantial reduction in size and weight of the thymus became higher in untreated control than in TLA-treated mice as the infection progressed. In untreated controls, the number of Thy-1 positive (Thy-1 (+) ) cells was about 91.9% of the normal value being 3.7 X 10(7) cells in the whole thymus 1 day before inoculation while those in TLA-treated mice were 6.5 X 10(7) and 0.9 X 10(7) cells 1 day before inoculation and 10 days after inoculation, respectively. The size and weight of the spleen increased in both groups by day 10 after inoculation. The total number of Thy-1 (+) cells in the spleen was 3.9 X 10(7) and 11.7 X 10(7) 1 day before and 10 days after inoculations, respectively in untreated and 12.9 X 10(7) and 15.6 X 10(7), respectively in TLA-treated mice. The number of Thy-1 (+) cells in the liver was 0.5 X 10(7) and 1.2 X 10(7) 1 day before and 10 days after inoculations, respectively in untreated and 0.3 X 10(7) and 3.4 X 10(7), respectively, showing a rate increase of 1033.3% in TLA-treated mice. The rate of increase in count of Thy-1 (+) cells contained in the peripheral blood was 61.4% in the former and 64.1% in the latter. In untreated mice, degeneration and destruction of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen follicles and aggregation of lymphocytes, which were not found in Thy-1 (+) staining, around pericapillary ducts in the liver were seen histopathologically 10 days after inoculation. In TLA-treated mice, however, perivascular infiltration by Thy-1 (+) lymphocytes and activation of Kupffer cells in the liver and activation of spleen follicles were observed locally 10 days after inoculation.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Babesiosis', 'Erythrocyte Count', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemoglobins', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Organ Size', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland', 'Toxoplasma']
| 3,310,464
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['D23.050.293'], ['C01.610.701.688.122', 'C01.610.752.075', 'C01.610.752.625.122', 'C01.920.930.182', 'C22.674.710.122'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330', 'E05.200.625.107.330', 'E05.242.195.107.330', 'G04.140.107.330', 'G09.188.105.330'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence of invasive cervical cancer in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
|
To assess whether the incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) has changed as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we conducted a prospective cohort study on the incidence of ICC before and after the introduction of HAART among Italian women with a known duration of HIV infection. We estimated the incidence per 1000 person years of ICC as a first AIDS-defining disease for the periods 1981 through 1991, 1992 through 1995, and 1996 through 1998. We also estimated the incidence of other first AIDS-defining diseases. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were applied to compare the periods 1981 through 1995 and 1996 through 1998 in terms of cumulative incidence and relative hazards (RHs). The analysis included 483 women (median follow-up: 7 years). In the period 1981 through 1995, a trend of increase was observed in the incidence of ICC and other AIDS-defining diseases; this trend has continued only for ICC, whereas the incidence of other AIDS-defining diseases has decreased since 1996. Compared with 1981 through 1995, the RH of ICC for 1996 through 1998 was 7.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21--45.44); when adjusting for age at HIV seroconversion, the RH decreased to 4.75 (95% CI: 0.80--28.24). It remains to be determined whether the continued increase in ICC incidence after the introduction of HAART is attributable to a decreasing competitive mortality from other AIDS-defining diseases among HIV-infected women.
|
['Adult', 'Aging', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Italy', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 11,317,082
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vasopressin increases cytosolic free calcium concentration in glomerular mesangial cells.
|
Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]f) was determined in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells under basal conditions and after exposure to arginine vasopressin (AVP) or angiotensin II (ANG II). [Ca2+]f was determined using quin 2 or fura-2, two intracellular fluorescent probes. [Ca2+]f was measured to be 102 +/- 3 nM (n = 154) using quin 2 and 82 +/- 4 (n = 34) using fura-2. AVP and ANG II increased [Ca2+]f. Maximal levels of [Ca2+]f were achieved in less than 10 s after addition of the hormone. This peak value was followed by a rapid fall toward the base line. With fura-2 as the intracellular Ca2+ indicator, [Ca2+]f increased from 74 +/- 7 to a peak of 578 +/- 39 nM (n = 17) with 100 nM AVP. At 115 s after addition of AVP, [Ca2+]f was 125 +/- 9 nM. Similar peak levels of [Ca2+]f were observed using quin 2. The increase in [Ca2+]f was due in large part to release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, since reduction in extracellular free [Ca2+] with EGTA did not prevent the hormone-induced increase in [Ca2+]f, although it did result in a decreased peak level and a more rapid return to base line. The AVP-induced increase in [Ca2+]f was blocked by the V1 receptor antagonist (CH2)5Tyr(Me)VDAVP. Neither isoproterenol, which increased adenylate cyclase activity, nor dibutyryl cAMP had any affect on [Ca2+]f directly or on the AVP-induced increase in [Ca2+]f. In this report we present the first direct measurements of [Ca2+]f and hormone-induced changes in [Ca2+]f in glomerular mesangial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Aminoquinolines', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Benzofurans', 'Bucladesine', 'Calcium', 'Cytosol', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Fura-2', 'Glomerular Mesangium', 'Isoproterenol', 'Mathematics', 'Rats', 'Vasopressins', 'Verapamil']
| 3,014,901
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['D03.633.100.810.050'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D03.383.129.462.285', 'D03.633.100.127.250'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.620.500', 'A05.810.453.736.520.620.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['H01.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A biphasic pattern of anti-pre-S responses in acute hepatitis B virus infection.
|
The clinical relevance of the immune response to the translation products of the pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions of hepatitis B virus was examined by testing sequential serum samples from 17 patients with acute self-limited hepatitis B and from two patients in whom chronic liver disease developed. Anti-pre-S antibodies were determined by enzyme immunoassays based on the inhibition of binding of monoclonal antibodies to epitopes in the pre-S1 and pre-S2 sequence. In acute, self-limited infection, anti-pre-S antibodies appeared in a biphasic pattern. The early antibodies were detected at the time of clinical signs of acute disease when HBsAg and often HBeAg were present, but hepatitis B virus DNA was no longer detectable in serum. Anti-pre-S levels then fell, but subsequently reappeared as the late antibody during the recovery phase, after development of anti-HBe, but before anti-HBs. Anti-pre-S responses were detected in 15 of 17 patients who recovered (88.2%) and in both patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection evolving to chronic liver disease. Although the early antibodies to pre-S1 and pre-S2 proteins appeared at the time of decreasing levels of infectious virus in serum in cases of self-limited infection, these antibodies also were transiently or continuously present with high levels of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in patients in whom chronic hepatitis B infection developed. Thus the anti-pre-S response in acute hepatitis is not a prognostic marker for clinical resolution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Acute Disease', 'Chronic Disease', 'DNA, Viral', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B e Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Protein Precursors']
| 2,258,143
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.469'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.811']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of nitric oxide synthesis on reperfusion injury and catecholamine responsiveness in a heterotopic rat heart-transplantation model.
|
Global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury play a major role in early postoperative graft dysfunction. In this study, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on reperfusion injury and catecholamine sensitivity after ischemia was investigated in a heterotopic rat heart-transplantation model. After a 1-h ischemic preservation, reperfusion was started either after application of saline vehicle (control, n = 8) or nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg, n = 8) for inhibition of NO synthesis or NO-precursor L-arginine (L-Arg; 40 mg/kg, n = 8), or L-NAME plus L-Arg (n = 8), respectively. After 60 min of reperfusion, continuous dobutamine infusion (5 microg/kg/min) was started. Myocardial blood flow was assessed by the hydrogen-clearance method. An intraventricular balloon was used to measure pressure-volume relations: peak left ventricular pressure, the rate of pressure development (dP/dt), end-diastolic pressure, and isovolumic relaxation constant. Myocardial blood flow was significantly reduced after L-NAME and increased after L-Arg in comparison with control (p < 0.05). The L-NAME group showed decreased systolic and diastolic functional recovery in comparison with control. Simultaneous infusion of L-Arg and L-NAME reversed these effects. L-Arg alone led to a further improvement of cardiac functional recovery. Whereas myocardial blood flow remained unchanged in the L-NAME group with dobutamine infusion, it significantly increased in the control group (p < 0.05). L-Arg antagonized this effect of L-NAME. Dobutamine increased peak left ventricular pressure and dP/dt and shortened the isovolumic relaxation constant in all groups; however, the changes of systolic hemodynamic indices were significantly smaller in the L-NAME group (p < 0.05) and significantly higher in the L-Arg group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that (a) NO production within the graft during reperfusion has a significant beneficial effect on graft function, and (b) NO formation may play an important role in beta-adrenergic responses after heart transplantation.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Diastole', 'Dobutamine', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Systole', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 9,475,263
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['D02.092.311.220', 'D02.092.471.683.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.220'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['E04.936.800'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Iteratively reweighted LASSO for mapping multiple quantitative trait loci.
|
The iteratively reweighted least square (IRLS) method is mostly identical to maximum likelihood (ML) method in terms of parameter estimation and power of quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection. But the IRLS is greatly superior to ML in terms of computing speed and the robustness of parameter estimation. In conjunction with the priors of parameters, ML can analyze multiple QTL model based on Bayesian theory, whereas under a single QTL model, IRLS has very limited statistical power to detect multiple QTLs. In this study, we proposed the iteratively reweighted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (IRLASSO) for extending IRLS to simultaneously map multiple QTLs. The LASSO with coordinate descent step is employed to efficiently estimate non-zero genetic effect of each locus scanned over entire genome. Simulations demonstrate that IRLASSO has a higher precision of parameter estimation and power to detect QTL than IRLS, and is able to estimate residual variance more accurately than the unweighted LASSO based on LS. Especially, IRLASSO is very fast, usually taking less than five iterations to converge. The barley dataset from the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project is reanalyzed by our proposed method.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Genome, Plant', 'Hordeum', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 23,023,740
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.393.183'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The role of butyrate in the reverse transformation reaction in mammalian cells.
|
The reverse transformation reaction of Chinese hamster ovary cells from compact, epithelial-like, randomly growing, heavily knobbed, lectin reactive cells into stretched, tighly adherent, smooth-surfaced, lectin resistant, fibroblast-like cells normally elicited by dibutyryl cAMP can be produced to its complete extent by N6-monobutyryl cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP, O2'-monobutyryl cAMP is ineffective as is cAMP itself in the absence of an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity. In the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cAMP is fully effective. These results indicate that the role of the butyryl groups of dibutyryl cAMP and, especially, the N6-butyryl, in the reverse transformation reaction is protection of the cAMP analogue from degradation. Butyrate at concentrations of about 1 mM does produce a response which to some extent mimics that of cAMP analogues. The cells, however, fail to assume a fibroblastic-like shape, but rather become flattened. The butyrate effect is much slower and less readily reversible than that evoked by cAMP analogues. Butyrate produces an approximately 2-fold increase in intracellular cAMP levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that butyrate effects, in part, are mediated by AMP.
|
['Butyrates', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Testolactone', 'Theophylline']
| 201,654
|
[['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.782', 'D04.210.500.496.699'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Facile synthesis of Gd-doped CdTe quantum dots with optimized properties for optical/MR multimodal imaging.
|
Each imaging modality has its own merits and intrinsic limitations; therefore, combining two or more complementary imaging modalities has become an interesting area of research. Recently, magnetic ion-doped quantum dots have become an increasingly promising class of optical/magnetic resonance multimodal imaging probes due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this work, Gd-doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were successfully synthesized via a facile one-step refluxing route,and their optimal synthesis conditions were investigated. The prepared CdTe:Gd QDs were shown to exhibit good optical properties with high quantum yields up to 69%, high longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 = 3.8 mM-1 s-1), and good crystalline structures. In addition, after further QD surface modification with dextran amine (DA), the resulting DA-modified QDs (i.e. DA-CdTe:Gd QDs) showed strong magnetic resonance imaging contrast (r 1 = 3.5 mM-1 s-1) and improved biocompatibility when tested with cell cultures in vitro. Taken together, this new material demonstrated promising performances for both optical and magnetic resonance imaging modalities, suggesting its promising potential applications in non-invasive imaging, particularly in neuronal tracing.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cadmium Compounds', 'Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Gadolinium', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Mice', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Optical Imaging', 'Quantum Dots', 'Tellurium']
| 28,865,047
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D01.142'], ['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['G02.300'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['E07.705', 'J01.637.512.600.650'], ['D01.268.185.950', 'D01.268.513.968']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mutagenesis in spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster by cross-linking agents depends on the mus(1)101+ gene product in the oocyte.
|
In Drosophila melanogaster the sex-linked gene must(1)101+ is essential for mutagenesis induced by a cross-linking agent: mature sperm mutagenized by nitrogen mustard (HN2) yield high frequencies of induced sex-linked recessive lethals if tested with wild-type oocytes but practically no recessive lethals if tested with homozygous mus(1)101D1 oocytes. In the absence of mus(1)101+ at least some cross-links act as lethal lesions, whereas in the presence of mus(1)101+ some act as premutational lesions. The lack of delayed mutations in mutant oocytes indicates that the lesions are efficiently eliminated and do not lead to mutagenesis in later post-fertilization nuclear divisions. The mutation mus(1)101D1 is not a null allele because, in tests with heterozygotes, it reduces mutagenesis to a lesser extent than a deletion including the mus(1)101 locus. It is a leaky allele with such a reduced activity that, in homozygous condition, mutagenesis is practically absent. In deletion heterozygotes the mus(1)101+ gene is not dosage-compensated.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Female', 'Genes, Lethal', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Male', 'Mechlorethamine', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Sex Chromosomes', 'Spermatogenesis']
| 6,811,888
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.281'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['G05.348'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.529'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.284.187.865', 'G05.360.162.865'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ongoing Disparities in Prediagnosis Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Among Persons Recently Diagnosed With HIV in New York City, 2015-2017.
|
Objectives. To quantify sociodemographic disparities in prediagnosis preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in persons recently diagnosed with HIV in New York City and assigned for partner services.Methods. We used partner services data from November 2015 to September 2017 from persons diagnosed with HIV in the past 12 months (n = 3739) to compare individuals with self-reported or documented pre-HIV diagnosis PrEP use ("prediagnosis PrEP users") with those having none ("never users"). We constructed a penalized likelihood regression model generating sociodemographic predictors of prediagnosis PrEP use, employing Firth's adjustment for the rare outcome.Results. We found report of prediagnosis PrEP use in 95 persons (3%). The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of prediagnosis PrEP use were lower among non-Hispanic Blacks (AOR = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09, 0.32) and Hispanics (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.55) than among non-Hispanic Whites, among persons aged 30 years or older (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.28, 0.72) than those younger than 30 years, among cis-women (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.48) than cis-men, and among residents of Queens (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.55) than those of Manhattan.Conclusions. Disparities in HIV prevention based on race/ethnicity, gender, age, and local geography may manifest themselves in differential PrEP use.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'New York City', 'Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis']
| 31,318,600
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['N02.421.726.758.655', 'N06.850.780.680.655']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of unknown primary source.
|
An elderly man presented to the emergency department following a motorbike accident. He had sustained chest injuries and a grade 1 splenic laceration. He had a moderate amount of free fluid and some omental standing on trauma CT, which was concerning for occult malignancy. A follow-up CT 4 weeks later showed a marked progression of the ascites and omental stranding. Ascitic tap was negative for malignancy. Tumour markers were normal. The patient developed a proximal small bowel obstruction which appeared to be related to this omental caking in the left upper quadrant on CT. Gastroduodenoscopy did not display any mass lesion. There was an external compression of the duodenum which could not be traversed with the scope. Laparoscopy showed a widespread peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biopsies of the omentum and peritoneum confirmed metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 positive). The patient was palliated but died 2 weeks after his diagnosis.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Aged', 'Ascites', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell', 'Humans', 'Incidental Findings', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Omentum', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 24,536,055
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.081'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.415', 'C04.557.470.590.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.410'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.573'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Postoperative port-site pain after gall bladder retrieval from epigastric vs. umbilical port in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gall bladder (GB) retrieval from umbilical port is associated with more pain at port site as compared to GB retrieval from epigastric port in adult patients undergoing four port elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care hospital.METHODS: Adult patients, who were undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during a six month period in 2010 at our institute, were randomized to either group A (n = 60, GB retrieval through epigastric port) or group B (n = 60, GB retrieval through umbilical port). VAS for pain was assessed by a registered nurse at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery.RESULTS: The VAS for pain at umbilical port was less than epigastric port at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery (5.9 ± 1.1 vs. 4.1 ± 1.5, 4.6 ± 0.94 vs. 3.5 ± 1.05, 3.9 ± 0.85 vs. 2.4 ± 0.79, 3.05 ± 0.87 vs. 2.15 ± 0.87, respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Multiple linear regression was done for port site pain at 24 h and the VAS at umbilical port was less than epigastric port with VAS difference of 0.9 after adjusting for age, sex, duration of surgery and additional analgesia use (r2 = 0.253, p-value < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Gall bladder retrieval from umbilical port is associated with lower port site pain than GB retrieval from epigastric port in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We recommend umbilical port for gall bladder retrieval.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Female', 'Gallbladder Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Umbilicus', 'Young Adult']
| 22,449,831
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['C06.130.564'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A01.923.047.849'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir.
|
Phosphorus is a biolimiting nutrient that has an important role in regulating the burial of organic matter and the redox state of the ocean-atmosphere system. The ratio of phosphorus to iron in iron-oxide-rich sedimentary rocks can be used to track dissolved phosphate concentrations if the dissolved silica concentration of sea water is estimated. Here we present iron and phosphorus concentration ratios from distal hydrothermal sediments and iron formations through time to study the evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir. The data suggest that phosphate concentrations have been relatively constant over the Phanerozoic eon, the past 542 million years (Myr) of Earth's history. In contrast, phosphate concentrations seem to have been elevated in Precambrian oceans. Specifically, there is a peak in phosphorus-to-iron ratios in Neoproterozoic iron formations dating from ?750 to ?635 Myr ago, indicating unusually high dissolved phosphate concentrations in the aftermath of widespread, low-latitude 'snowball Earth' glaciations. An enhanced postglacial phosphate flux would have caused high rates of primary productivity and organic carbon burial and a transition to more oxidizing conditions in the ocean and atmosphere. The snowball Earth glaciations and Neoproterozoic oxidation are both suggested as triggers for the evolution and radiation of metazoans. We propose that these two factors are intimately linked; a glacially induced nutrient surplus could have led to an increase in atmospheric oxygen, paving the way for the rise of metazoan life.
|
['Animals', 'Aquatic Organisms', 'Atmosphere', 'Biological Evolution', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Geologic Sediments', 'History, Ancient', 'Ice Cover', 'Iron', 'Marine Biology', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorus', 'Seawater', 'Silicon Dioxide']
| 20,981,096
|
[['B01.050'], ['B05.080', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650.075'], ['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D01.490.100'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['K01.400.470'], ['G01.311.400', 'G16.500.275.410.500', 'N06.230.291.500'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['H01.158.273.248.750.500', 'H01.277.249.750.500', 'H01.277.750.500'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.666'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Accumulation of amino acids by lysosomes incubated with amino acid methyl esters.
|
Rat liver lysosomal preparations incubated with 10(-5) M L-[4,5-3H]leucine methyl ester hydrolyzed the methyl ester and accumulated radioactivity within a particulate compartment. The acculated radioactivity was identified as free leucine by thin layer chromatography. Free leucine was not itself taken up by the lysosomal preparations. The capacity to accumulate leucine was identified as a specific property of lysosomes and was thought to result from the trapping of the free amino acid within the lysosome following the hydrolysis of the methyl ester. Lysosomes also accumulated phenylalanine, serine, and alanine when incubated with the corresponding methyl esters. Leucine accumulation was inhibited by submillimolar concentrations of chloroquine, by the protease inhibitor L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, and by lowering the pH below 7.0. Efflux of leucine from the lysosomes was highly temperature dependent (activation energy 33 kcal/mol). No evidence was found to suggest that leucine efflux was a carrier-mediated process. The results provide a new methodology for the study of amino acid movements across lysosomal membranes.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Chloroquine', 'Esters', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Lysosomes', 'Rats', 'Temperature', 'Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone']
| 479,167
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Redox potential changes during ATP-dependent corrinoid reduction determined by redox titrations with europium(II)-DTPA.
|
Corrinoids are essential cofactors of enzymes involved in the C1 metabolism of anaerobes. The active, super-reduced [CoI ] state of the corrinoid cofactor is highly sensitive to autoxidation. In O-demethylases, the oxidation to inactive [CoII ] is reversed by an ATP-dependent electron transfer catalyzed by the activating enzyme (AE). The redox potential changes of the corrinoid cofactor, which occur during this reaction, were studied by potentiometric titration coupled to UV/visible spectroscopy. By applying europium(II)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a reductant, we were able to determine the midpoint potential of the [CoII ]/[CoI ] couple of the protein-bound corrinoid cofactor in the absence and presence of AE and/or ATP. The data revealed that the transfer of electrons from a physiological donor to the corrinoid as the electron-accepting site is achieved by increasing the potential of the corrinoid cofactor from -530 ± 15 mV to -250 ± 10 mV (ESHE , pH 7.5). The first 50 to 100 mV of the shift of the redox potential seem to be caused by the interaction of nucleotide-bound AE with the corrinoid protein or its cofactor. The remaining 150-200 mV had to be overcome by the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis. The experiments revealed that Eu(II)-DTPA, which was already known as a powerful reducing agent, is a suitable electron donor for titration experiments of low-potential redox centers. Furthermore, the results of this study will contribute to the understanding of thermodynamically unfavorable electron transfer processes driven by the power of ATP hydrolysis.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Corrinoids', 'Europium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pentetic Acid']
| 31,359,509
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437', 'D03.633.400.909.437', 'D04.345.783.437'], ['D01.268.558.362.468', 'D01.552.550.399.468'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.092.782.590', 'D02.241.081.018.639']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High performance liquid chromatography of natural products. II. Direct biological correlation of components in the fermentation broth.
|
A portion of the eluent, during liquid chromatography of a fermentation broth, is applied directly to a paper strip at the same rate as the recording of the U. V. absorption. The paper is then placed on the agar inoculated with an appropriate test organism. This procedure permits direct correlation of biological activity with corresponding peaks in the U. V.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Culture Media', 'Fermentation']
| 721,709
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides.
|
The inhibition of a newly cloned coral carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) has been investigated with a series of sulfonamides, including some clinically used derivatives (acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, benzolamide, and sulpiride, or indisulam, a compound in clinical development as antitumor drug), as well as the sulfamate antiepileptic topiramate. Some simple amino-/hydrazine-/hydroxy-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides have also been included in the study. All types of activity have been detected, with low potency inhibitors (K(I)s in the range of 163-770nM), or with medium potency inhibitors (K(I)s in the range of 75.1-105nM), whereas ethoxzolamide, several clinically used sulfonamides and heterocyclic compounds showed stronger potency, with K(I)s in the range of 16-48.2nM. These inhibitors may be useful to better understand the physiological role of the Stylophora pistillata CA (STPCA) in corals and its involvement in biomineralisation in this era of global warming.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sulfonamides']
| 19,520,577
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['D27.505.519.389.200'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in spatial resolution for pattern and movement detection in clinical cases.
|
A simple and relatively fast method was used to evaluate visual performance: gratings of sinusoidal luminance profile, generated on the face of an oscilloscope, were reversed in contrast at a rate of 2 Hz. Under these conditions the patients could set separate contrast thresholds for seeing either the structure of a grating or its apparent movement. The grating resolution limit (maximum spatial frequency) for each task was determined by extrapolation from thresholds measured at several spatial frequencies. The resulting ratios of pattern/movement resolution limits (P:M) are usually between 1.6 and 2 for normals and for patients with pathological changes located distally (probably prior to the chiasma). On the other hand in patients suspected of multiple sclerosis the P:M ratios were reduced to below 1.3. It is considered that such results may suggest a central site for the damage, although they do not exclude pre-chiasmal defects which may occur simultaneously during the acute stages of the disease.
|
['Adult', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Vision Disorders', 'Visual Acuity']
| 6,866,522
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of hypocholesterolemic activity of beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol in rats.
|
The hypocholesterolemic activity of beta-sitosterol and its hydrogenated product, beta-sitostanol (dihydrositosterol or stigmastanol) has been compared in young male rats. When cholesterol was included in the diet, sitostanol consistently exhibited significantly greater hypocholesterolemic activity than sitosterol. There were no apparent differences in the effects of the sterol and the stanol on the concentration of liver cholesterol and triglyceride. Increases in plasma triglyceride due to feeding sitosterol were not observed with sitostanol. Incorporation of dietary sitostanol into plasma, liver and other tissues was always negligible, and thus this stanol was almost completely recovered in feces, while there was considerable deposition of sitosterol (mean fecal recovery being 85% to 92%). The increase in fecal output of dietary cholesterol was significantly greater with the stanol than with sterol. There was no demonstrable negative effect on growth and weight of major visceral tissues in rats fed the sterol as well as the stanol. These observations together with those reported previously indicate that hydorgenation of phytosterols is a novel approach to enhance their hypocholesterolemic activities without influencing the relative safety of the initial sterols.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Aorta', 'Cholesterol, Dietary', 'Dietary Fats', 'Feces', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Sitosterols', 'Sterols']
| 908,959
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.225', 'D10.212.302.347', 'D10.570.938.208.222'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['A12.459'], ['G03.458'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.857', 'D04.210.500.247.808.756.669', 'D10.570.938.795.669', 'D23.704.500.669'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Duodenogastric reflux in children: measurement of phospholipids and trypsin in gastric content.
|
The duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is a suspected cause in some esogastric pathologies in adults: esophagitis, peptic gastric ulcers, stress ulcers, ulcers secondary to drugs, gastric cancer, and gastritis. The toxic substances of the reflux are essentially bile acids, lysolecithin, and trypsin. A number of diagnostic methods have been proposed in the adult. This study suggests a diagnosis technique for DGR in the child. Fasting gastric juice was collected by gastric intubation during 1 h and three substances were measured: phospholipids as markers of biliary reflux, trypsin as a marker of pancreatic reflux, and sialic acid as a marker of the degradation of gastric mucus. The sialic acid enabled us to evaluate some of the toxicity of DGR on the stomach. The study of 49 child subjects permitted us to show the existence, in the normal child, of biliopancreatic markers in the stomach under fasting conditions through a physiological DGR; to define the norms in the child, varying according to three age groups: 0-2 months, 2-12 months, and 1-4 years (the maximum values for an age above 4 years seemed to correspond to those in the adult); and to suggest the existence of a pathological DGR in children with antral gastritis or ulcers.
|
['Age Factors', 'Biomarkers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Duodenogastric Reflux', 'Gastric Juice', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Phospholipids', 'Secretory Rate', 'Sialic Acids', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Trypsin']
| 2,324,893
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C06.405.469.275.700', 'C06.405.748.240'], ['A12.200.307'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G03.857'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668', 'D09.067.687.668', 'D09.811.589.668'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Using parasites as biological tags of fish populations: a dynamical model.
|
A simple model of macro-parasitic infections has been used to evaluate the potential use of parasites as biological tags of fish populations. In the model, the parasite-host interaction is regulated by a birth-death process, and parasites can only be acquired by the non-specific migratory host population in a particular area of the space domain. In this case, we show that parasites can be successfully used for stocks identification and to describe the migratory routes taken by some marine fish species.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Models, Biological', 'Movement', 'Parasites', 'Parasitic Diseases, Animal', 'Population Dynamics', 'Time Factors']
| 10,824,422
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['B01.050.500.714'], ['C01.610.701', 'C22.674'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ruptured hepatic abscess caused by fish bone penetration of the duodenal wall: report of a case.
|
The accidental ingestion of a foreign body into the gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon; however, the development of a hepatic abscess secondary to foreign body perforation is extremely rare. We report the case of a ruptured hepatic abscess caused by fish bone penetration of the duodenal bulb, resulting in generalized peritonitis. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with generalized abdominal pain and high fever. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed ascites and a heterogeneously enhanced mass with a less-dense center and a linear dense object. We diagnosed a ruptured hepatic abscess caused by a calcified foreign body, which was managed by peritoneal lavage, drainage of the hepatic abscess, and removal of the fish bone, followed by simple closure of the hepatoduodenal fistula. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, but he recovered eventually.
|
['Aged', 'Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Drainage', 'Duodenum', 'Fishes', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Foreign-Body Migration', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Abscess', 'Male', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 17,952,539
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E01.171'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C26.392.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C01.830.025.020.455', 'C06.552.597'], ['C23.300.909'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Regulation of the biosynthesis of extracellular phosphohydrolases in Penicillium brevicompactum].
|
The effect of certain metabolites of Penicillium brevi-compactum on the biosynthesis of exocellular ribonucleases and phosphomonoesterase was studied. Their synthesis was found to be inhibited by RNA and AMP, as well as by high concentrations of these enzymes in the medium. The mechanism which regulates the biosynthesis of exocellular phosphohydrolases by both phosphate and the enzymes is discussed.
|
['Culture Media', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Repression', 'Penicillium', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases']
| 212,670
|
[['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.320.300'], ['B01.300.381.662'], ['D08.811.277.352.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology & Disease Control Program. Update: Salmonella enteritidis associated with shell eggs. February, 1992.
|
In previous articles in the Maryland Medical Journal we have reviewed the problem of Salmonella enteritidis associated with shell eggs. Cases and outbreaks continue to occur. Health care professionals need to be aware of the association between the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs or egg-containing foods and gastroenteritis, especially in high risk individuals.
|
['Eggs', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Maryland', 'Salmonella Infections', 'Salmonella enteritidis']
| 1,565,008
|
[['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.300', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.160']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of Tree Size and Application Rate on Expression of Thiamethoxam in Citrus and Its Efficacy Against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae).
|
Neonicotinoids are a key group of insecticides used to manage Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in Florida citrus. Diaphorina citri is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the presumed causal agent of huanglongbing, a worldwide disease of citrus. A two-season field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tree size and application rate on the expression of thiamethoxam in young citrus following application to the soil. D. citri adult and nymph abundance was also correlated with thiamethoxam titer in leaves. Tree size and application rate each significantly affected thiamethoxam titer in leaf tissue. The highest mean thiamethoxam titer observed (33.39 ppm) in small trees (mean canopy volume = 0.08 m3) occurred after application of the high rate (0.74 g Platinum 75SG per tree) tested. There was a negative correlation between both nymph and adult abundance with increasing thiamethoxam titer in leaves. A concentration of 64.63 ppm thiamethoxam was required to reach a 1% probability of encountering a flush shoot with at least one adult D. citri, while 19.05 ppm was required for the same probability of encountering nymphs. The LC90 for the field population was 7.62 ppm thiamethoxam when administered through ingestion. Exposure to dosages as low as 7.62 ppm would likely result in sublethal exposure of some proportion of the population, which could exacerbate resistance development. Based on our results, subsequent work should investigate the use of neonicotinoids by foliar rather than soil application to maintain the chemical class in future insecticide management programs in Florida citrus.
|
['Animals', 'Citrus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hemiptera', 'Insecticides', 'Neonicotinoids', 'Nitro Compounds', 'Nymph', 'Oxazines', 'Plant Leaves', 'Thiamethoxam', 'Thiazoles', 'Trees']
| 29,471,401
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D03.383.464'], ['D02.640'], ['B05.500.650', 'G07.345.500.550.500.650'], ['D03.383.533'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D02.640.910', 'D02.886.675.884', 'D03.383.129.708.884', 'D03.383.464.500', 'D03.383.533.820'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrical properties of the rabbit cortical collecting duct from obstructed kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Effects of renal decapsulation.
|
Ureteral obstruction causes impaired salt wastage and K+ secretion in the distal nephron segments, including the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Recently, we demonstrated that conductances of Na+ and K+ in the apical membrane, as well as the electrogenic Na(+)-K+ pump activity and the relative K+ conductance in the basolateral membrane of the collecting duct cell, were inhibited in the obstructed kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). To examine whether the increased intrarenal pressure might be causally related to these abnormalities in the CCD, the effects of unilateral renal decapsulation, a maneuver that partially blocks the increase in renal pressure, were evaluated with microelectrode techniques in isolated CCDs from UUO and sham-operated (control) rabbits 24 h after operation. Renal decapsulation had no effects on barrier voltages and conductances in the CCD from control animals. The lumen-negative transepithelial (VT) and basolateral membrane (VB) voltages as well as the transepithelial (GT) and the apical membrane (GA) conductances were decreased in the CCD from UUO animals compared with control animals. Pretreatment of renal decapsulation partially corrected the decreases in VT, VB, GT, and GA seen in the CCD from UUO animals. The changes in apical membrane voltage and GT upon addition of luminal amiloride and Ba2+, and the changes in VB upon addition of bath ouabain, were also decreased in the CCD from UUO animals compared with control animals. Pretreatment of renal decapsulation also partially corrected the above abnormalities seen in UUO animals, whereas it had no effect in control animals. The transference numbers for Cl- (tCl) and K+ (tK) in the basolateral membrane were, respectively, increased and decreased in the CCD from UUO animals compared with control animals. Pretreatment of renal decapsulation also partially corrected the changes in tCl and tK seen in UUO animals, whereas it had no effect in control animals. We conclude that, in UUO animals, renal decapsulation partially corrects the inhibition of apical Na+ and K+ conductances as well as basolateral Na(+)-K+ pump activity and relative K+ conductance seen after UUO, whereas in control animals it has no effect. The increased renal pressure may partly contribute to the defects in Na+ and K+ transport in the CCD from obstructed kidneys. Renal decapsulation has protective effects on impaired Na+ and K+ transports in the CCD after ureteral obstruction.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Female', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Kidney Tubules, Collecting', 'Organ Size', 'Potassium', 'Rabbits', 'Sodium', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Ureteral Obstruction']
| 7,962,530
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.510'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bridging the gap between basic and clinical investigation.
|
This article focuses on the increasing importance of effective communication between scientists and their clinical colleagues. Some recent and innovative programs to facilitate these interactions are also discussed.
|
['Awards and Prizes', 'Humans', 'Research Support as Topic', 'Translational Medical Research', 'Workforce']
| 20,172,732
|
[['K01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['H01.770.644.145.675'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Infertility Stigma Scale: A psychometric study in a Turkish sample.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to conduct the Turkish validity and reliability study of the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS).DESIGN AND METHODS: This methodological study was conducted in an infertility polyclinic in Turkey. The sample consisted of 178 infertile women.FINDINGS: The validity of the four-factor structure of the scale and the appropriateness of its ?t indices were confirmed. The analyses of internal consistency indicated that the total score correlations of items were sufficient; test-retest, r = 0.948;P < 0.001; Cronbach's á = 0.93.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: ISS could be used as a useful assessment instrument in investigating the stigma concerning infertility and making efficient related interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Social Stigma', 'Turkey']
| 30,680,737
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Tuberculous laryngitis--a one year harvest.
|
We present nine patients with tuberculous laryngitis seen in our otolaryngology out-patient department during the year of 1983. Four patients were previously diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and were receiving or had received treatment for the complaint prior to our consultation. Of the nine patients, eight had positive chest X-rays for pulmonary tuberculosis. Three patients were known to have positive sputum results; in three patients the result was not known, whilst in the remaining three patients the result was recorded as negative. Biopsies done on four patients were compatible with the diagnosis of tuberculous laryngitis. Two of these four were undisputedly confirmed by the presence of Acid-fast Bacilli on histological sections. Two patients demonstrated permanent structural derangement of the larynx as end-result manifestations. The incidence, site and appearance of the lesions, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laryngitis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tuberculosis, Laryngeal', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 4,056,598
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.368', 'C08.360.535', 'C08.730.368', 'C09.400.535'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.696', 'C01.748.860', 'C08.360.860', 'C08.730.860', 'C09.400.860'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An Improved Genome Assembly for Drosophila navojoa, the Basal Species in the mojavensis Cluster.
|
Three North American cactophilic Drosophila species, D. mojavensis, D. arizonae, and D. navojoa, are of considerable evolutionary interest owing to the shift from breeding in Opuntia cacti to columnar species. The 3 species form the "mojavensis cluster" of Drosophila. The genome of D. mojavensis was sequenced in 2007 and the genomes of D. navojoa and D. arizonae were sequenced together in 2016 using the same technology (Illumina) and assembly software (AllPaths-LG). Yet, unfortunately, the D. navojoa genome was considerably more fragmented and incomplete than its sister species, rendering it less useful for evolutionary genetic studies. The D. navojoa read dataset does not fully meet the strict insert size required by the assembler used (AllPaths-LG) and this incompatibility might explain its assembly problems. Accordingly, when we re-assembled the genome of D. navojoa with the SPAdes assembler, which does not have the strict AllPaths-LG requirements, we obtained a substantial improvement in all quality indicators such as N50 (from 84 kb to 389 kb) and BUSCO coverage (from 77% to 97%). Here we share a new, improved reference assembly for D. navojoa genome, along with a RNAseq transcriptome. Given the basal relationship of the Opuntia breeding D. navojoa to the columnar breeding D. arizonae and D. mojavensis, the improved assembly and annotation will allow researchers to address a range of questions associated with the genomics of host shifts, chromosomal rearrangements and speciation in this group.
|
['Animals', 'Cactaceae', 'Chromosomes, Insect', 'Drosophila', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genome, Insect', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Software', 'Species Specificity']
| 30,423,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.200'], ['A11.284.187.440', 'G05.360.162.440'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.357'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High versus standard clopidogrel maintenance dose after percutaneous coronary intervention and effects on platelet inhibition, endothelial function, and inflammation results of the ARMYDA-150 mg (antiplatelet therapy for reduction of myocardial damage during angioplasty) randomized study.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study was done to compare effects of high versus standard clopidogrel maintenance doses on platelet inhibition, inflammation, and endothelial function in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.BACKGROUND: Previous data suggested that clopidogrel has various biological actions in addition to antiplatelet effects.METHODS: Fifty patients were randomly assigned 1 month after intervention (T-0) to receive standard (75 mg/day; n = 25) or high (150 mg/day; n = 25) clopidogrel maintenance dose for 30 days (until T-1); at this time-point, cross-over was performed, and the assigned clopidogrel maintenance regimen was switched and continued for a further 30 days (until T-2). Platelet reactivity (expressed as P2Y(12) reaction units by the point-of-care VerifyNow assay [Accumetrics, San Diego, California]), endothelial function (evaluated by flow-mediated vasodilation), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured at T-0, T-1, and T-2.RESULTS: Patients in the 150-mg/day arm had higher platelet inhibition (50 ± 20% vs. 31 ± 20% in the 75-mg/day group; p < 0.0001), better flow-mediated vasodilation (16.9 ± 12.6% vs. 7.9 ± 7.5%; p = 0.0001), and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (3.6 ± 3.0 mg/l vs. 7.0 ± 8.6 mg/l; p = 0.016). Higher clopidogrel dose was associated with decreased proportion of patients with P2Y(12) reaction units ? 240 (12% vs. 32%; p = 0.001), flow-mediated vasodilation <7% (16% vs. 58%; p = 0.0003), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels >3 mg/l (46% vs. 64%; p = 0.07).CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the 150-mg/day clopidogrel maintenance dose is associated with stronger platelet inhibition, improvement of endothelial function, and reduction of inflammation, compared with the currently recommended 75-mg/day regimen; those effects might have a role in the clinical benefit observed with clopidogrel and may provide the rationale for using the higher maintenance regimen in selected patients.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Blood Platelets', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Clopidogrel', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ticlopidine']
| 21,310,311
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D02.886.778.823.500.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500.500'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D02.886.778.823.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
["Reflex--in a strict sense". Ivan Michajlovic Secenov and the founding myths of the 'Russian reflex empire'].
|
This paper aims to reconstruct Ivan Michajlovik Secenov's impact on reflex theory by looking at the different narratives which constitute his specific position in the history of science, where he is considered the Russian founder of a purely materialist framing of consciousness and behaviour, the father figure of objective psychology, and the predecessor of the 'great' Ivan Pavlov. I argue that Secenov himself was very much aware of the symbolic significance of the term "reflex" and that the rhetorical strategies in his opus magnum, The Reflexes of the Brain (1863), deliberately enforce the precarious twofold potential of reflexological conceptions as psycho-physiological structures as well as social programs. Also within the cultural and political settings of the 19th and 20th century, Secenov's comprehensive and multifaceted research work in the field of nerve physiology was gradually reduced to a strong, ideologically interpretable message: "All movements bearing the name of voluntary in physiology are reflex in a strict sense".
|
['Behavior', 'Behavioral Research', 'Brain', 'Consciousness', 'Culture', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Neurology', 'Politics', 'Psychology', 'Psychophysiology', 'Reflex', 'Russia']
| 19,824,305
|
[['F01.145'], ['F04.096.144', 'H01.770.644.108'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.600'], ['I01.738'], ['F04.096.628'], ['E02.190.525.812', 'F02.830', 'F04.096.795', 'H01.158.782.795'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Claims in advertisements for antihypertensive drugs in a Dutch medical journal.
|
BACKGROUND: Advertising claims must not conflict with the official summary of product characteristics. After a drug has been approved, new clinical evidence may become available.AIMS: To determine how the pharmaceutical industry deals with evolving clinical evidence in advertising claims for antihypertensive drugs, and whether such pharmaceutical promotion is up to standard.METHODS: We examined all advertisements from the Dutch Journal of Medicine published between 1996 and 2004. We judged whether claims were in agreement with the information available from the summary of product characteristics or evidence from cited clinical trials. Subsequently, we reviewed whether these claims had been assessed by the Code of Practice authority.RESULTS: We identified 50 unique advertisements with, in total, 492 appearances for 16 antihypertensive drugs. Claims of blood pressure lowering and convenient use were all judged to be sufficiently substantiated. For calcium-channel blockers, insufficiently supported safety claims had been made in three cases (41 appearances). Claims suggesting effects on long-term outcomes started in 1999 for angiotensin II receptor blockers, and were made during the whole period for several other antihypertensive drugs. In 16 cases (135 appearances), such claims were not supported by the available information. Some claims were premature, others transferred results from a specific patient group to the general population of hypertensive patients. Only two cases were reviewed by the Code of Practice authority.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 35% of the advertisements for antihypertensive drugs contained suggestive claims not supported by the offered evidence. The current system of self-regulation cannot ensure that pharmaceutical promotion is always accurate, balanced and evidence-based.
|
['Advertising', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Drug Industry', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Netherlands', 'Peer Review', 'Publishing', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Truth Disclosure']
| 17,278,989
|
[['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.829.316.549', 'I01.880.604.640', 'N03.706.700'], ['L01.737'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.829.401.046.800', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134.800']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Brain abscess following the use of skull traction with Gardner-Wells tongs].
|
Brain abscess after insertion of skull traction is a rare and serious complication. Its development is secondary to superficial infection. Adequate preventive measures have to be taken: proper sterile dressing and daily care. Signs of local irritation are not always synonymous with skull migration. When gradual loosening of the skull occurs, especially associated with superficial infection, the pins must not be tightened. The more appropriate management is to investigate for penetration of the inner cranial cave. When in doubt, repositioning the pins may be necessary, as well as establishing an aggressive treatment against cutaneous infection.
|
['Adult', 'Axis, Cervical Vertebra', 'Bandages', 'Bone Nails', 'Brain Abscess', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odontoid Process', 'Skin Care', 'Skin Diseases, Bacterial', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Traction']
| 10,546,398
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151.383'], ['E07.101'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['C01.207.090', 'C01.830.025.160', 'C10.228.140.116', 'C10.228.228.090'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.151.383.668'], ['E02.547.800'], ['C01.150.252.819', 'C01.800.720', 'C17.800.838.765'], ['C26.117.500.500', 'C26.404.812'], ['E04.555.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Scientific rationale for changing lower water temperature limits for triathlon racing to 12°C with wetsuits and 16°C without wetsuits.
|
OBJECTIVES: To provide a scientific rationale for lower water temperature and wetsuit rules for elite and subelite triathletes.METHODS: 11 lean, competitive triathletes completed a 20 min flume swim, technical transition including bike control and psychomotor testing and a cycle across five different wetsuit and water temperature conditions: with wetsuit: 10°C, 12°C and 14°C; without wetsuit (skins): 14°C and 16°C. Deep body (rectal) temperature (Tre), psychomotor performance and the ability to complete a technical bike course after the swim were measured, as well as swimming and cycling performance.RESULTS: In skins conditions, only 4 out of 11 athletes could complete the condition in 14°C water, with two becoming hypothermic (Tre<35°C) after a 20 min swim. All 11 athletes completed the condition in 16°C. Tre fell further following 14°C (mean 1.12°C) than 16°C (mean 0.59°C) skins swim (p=0.01). In wetsuit conditions, cold shock prevented most athletes (4 out of 7) from completing the swim in 10°C. In 12°C and 14°C almost all athletes completed the condition (17 out of 18). There was no difference in temperature or performance variables between conditions following wetsuit swims at 12°C and 14°C.CONCLUSION: The minimum recommended water temperature for racing is 12°C in wetsuits and 16°C without wetsuits. International Triathlon Union rules for racing were changed accordingly (January 2017).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bicycling', 'Body Temperature', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protective Clothing', 'Running', 'Swimming', 'Temperature', 'Water']
| 29,720,479
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.700.600', 'J01.637.215.600', 'J01.637.708.560.875'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment effect on salivary characteristics: A controlled clinical trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)-restoration impact on salivary physicochemical and microbiological characteristics.DESIGN: Two groups of 6- to 7-year-old children were included: GART , with at least one decayed primary molar (n = 36), submitted to four sessions of oral health educational strategy (OHES) and ART restoration; GC , a paired caries-free group (n = 36), submitted to four sessions of OHES. Three evaluations were carried out: baseline, 1 week after OHES, and 1 month after OHES or ART, when biofilm and gingivitis frequencies, salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were assessed. Total bacteria and Streptococcus mutans were quantified in unstimulated saliva (qPCR).RESULTS: Improvement in biofilm and gingivitis scores, salivary pH, and buffering capacity after OHES was observed in GC , with a decrease in total bacteria and S. mutans counts. GART also showed changes in salivary parameters, even before ART restoration was delivered, and total bacteria count remained lower than baseline 1 month after ART restoration, although a trend to increase the proportion of S. mutans was observed.CONCLUSION: Improvements in salivary physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were observed after educational strategies, thus reducing the caries risk of children with decayed teeth, although a trend to increase the S. mutans percentage was observed 1 month after ART restoration.
|
['Biofilms', 'Calcium', 'Child', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Female', 'Gingivitis', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Oral Health', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Phosphorus', 'Saliva', 'Streptococcus mutans']
| 28,650,087
|
[['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['C01.408', 'C07.465.714.258.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['N01.400.535'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['D01.268.666'], ['A12.200.666'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The reasons that many radiology practices don't use off-hours services.
|
PURPOSE: To compare radiology practices that use external, internal, and no off-hours services.METHODS: From August 2005 to June 2006, 300 nonspecialty hospitals randomly selected from the AHA Guide 2005 Edition were contacted by telephone, e-mail, and mail, with attempts made to speak to the chiefs of radiology. A total of 115 responses were obtained (a 38.3% response rate), with 64 from radiology practices that used external off-hours services, 13 from practices with internal services, and 38 from practices with no services. The demographics of the practices in the 3 categories were compared, and answers to category-specific survey questions were tabulated. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Radiology practices using internal off-hours services were significantly larger (mean size, 19.9 full-time radiologists) than those using external off-hours services (mean size, 8.2 full-time radiologists) and those not using any off-hours service (mean size, 10.7 full-time radiologists). A sufficient number of radiologists or residents covering nights had the highest reported importance in the decision not to adopt an external service. Cost and quality concerns were also cited. The consistency of interpreting radiologists known to a practice had the highest importance in the decision to use an internal rather than an external off-hours service. Frequent reasons cited for radiologists to take regular internal off-hours employment were financial incentives provided and a preference for off-hours shifts.CONCLUSIONS: As long as there are sufficient numbers of radiologists and residents to handle the volume of interpretations, many practices will not use external off-hours services. Such services could help increase their adoption by offering lower cost and proven quality.
|
['After-Hours Care', 'Hospitals', 'Professional Practice', 'Radiology', 'Teleradiology', 'United States']
| 18,657,784
|
[['N04.590.374.034', 'N05.300.049'], ['N02.278.421'], ['N04.452.758'], ['H02.403.740'], ['E05.920.700', 'H02.010.850.700', 'H02.403.840.700', 'L01.178.847.652.700', 'N04.452.515.825.500', 'N04.590.374.800.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[The status of ascorbate oxidation-reduction system of blood in patients with chronic pancreatitis throughout parenteral nutrition].
|
There was conducted operative treatment of patients with complicated chronic pancreatitis. Intravenous infusion of aminoacid cocktail with enhanced content of glutamine, methionine with the selenium addition was applied in the complex of therapy. Under the influence of modified cocktail during 3 days there was observed more complete restoration of the ascorbic acid (AA) level and lowering of her oxidated forms content. This effect became more potent in addition of AA (0.75 per one infusion).
|
['Adult', 'Ascorbate Oxidase', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pancreatitis', 'Parenteral Nutrition']
| 10,584,506
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.682.180'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['C06.689.750'], ['E02.421.505', 'E02.642.500.505']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of I:A mismatch base-pairing structure in DNA.
|
Deoxyoligonucleotides containing deoxyinosine residues at positions corresponding to ambiguous nucleotides derived from an amino acid sequence have been successfully used as hybridization probes. It is assumed that the hypoxanthine residue can make base pairs with multiple bases. In order to obtain direct evidence for I:A base-pairing, a self-complementary deoxyoligonucleotide, d(G-G-I-A-C-C), was synthesized and its properties were examined by NMR spectroscopy. Three hydrogen-bonded imino proton resonances are observed at low temperatures in H2O suggesting the formation of a self-duplex with complete base pairing. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments showed that a signal at 15.1 ppm originated from the imino proton (H1) of the dI residue (I3) which is hydrogen-bonded to the dA residue (A4). Both the I3 and A4 residues were assumed to have taken an anti glycosidic conformation since irradiating the H1 of I3 gave NOEs both to its own H2 and to that of A4, an NOE also being observed between the H2 protons of I3 and A4. Comparison of the 31P NMR spectra of d(G-G-I-A-C-C) and d(G-G-I-C-C-C) showed the backbone structure of d(G-G-I-A-C-C) to have been disturbed by the presence of purine:purine base pairs in the middle of the hexamer duplex.
|
['Base Composition', 'DNA', 'Deoxyadenosines', 'Inosine', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides']
| 3,495,532
|
[['G02.111.080'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.325', 'D13.570.230.229', 'D13.570.583.138.325'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.500'], ['D13.695.578.424.450']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
American attitudes toward health maintenance organizations.
|
The growth of the health maintenance organization movement (HMO) in recent years is evidence of continuing interest by the American public in prepaid health care. The trustees and officers of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation believe that up-to-date knowledge about consumer attitudes helps to address issues pertinent to HMOs as a viable, alternative healthcare delivery system. It was with this idea in mind that the foundation commissioned Louis Harris and Associates to conduct a national survey of consumer attitudes and opinions about HMOs. The survey findings were published in July 1980, in a report entitled "American Attitudes Toward Health Maintenance Organizations." MGMA received permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation to reprint the introduction and summary/overview of the survey results. This information should prove to be of value to members, particularly those involved in an existing HMO or those still in the planning stages.
|
['Consumer Behavior', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Public Opinion', 'United States']
| 10,250,753
|
[['F01.145.236'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Treatments for acute and old distal radius fracture with lunate dislocation.
|
PURPOSE: Our study was undertaken to determine the correct treatment protocol for distal radius fracture with lunate anterior dislocation.METHODS: From 2000 to 2007, 58 patients (36 with acute injury and 22 with old injury) with distal radius fracture with lunate anterior dislocation were enrolled in the study. Among acute injury patients, 15 were treated through manipulative reduction and plaster fixation and 21 were treated through minimal invasive poking reduction followed by Kirschner wire and plaster fixation. Among old injury patients, 8 underwent operative reduction of lunate dislocation through the palmar approach and Kirschner wire and plaster fixation, whereas 14 patients underwent operative reduction and fixation through the dorsal approach combined with reparation of the dorsal radiolunate ligament. Lidstrom wrist function scores and the morbidity of lunate necrosis and osteoarthritis were documented and evaluated.RESULTS: Lidstrom wrist function scores revealed that the rate of excellent and good scores was higher in acute injury patients than in old injury patients (91.7 versus 54.5%, respectively; P = 0.018). The lunate necrosis rate was lower in acute injury patients than in old injury patients (0 versus 27.2%, respectively; P = 0.027). For old injury patients, the lunate necrosis rate was higher in those treated with the palmar approach than in those treated with the dorsal approach (50 versus 14.3%, respectively; P = 0.033).CONCLUSIONS: The key points for resolving distal radius fracture with lunate dislocation are prompt and precise diagnosis and treatment of lunate dislocation to prevent old lunate dislocation. We recommend that the surgical procedure is performed through the dorsal approach with reparation of the dorsal radiolunate ligament.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Lunate Bone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radius Fractures', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wrist Injuries', 'Young Adult']
| 23,412,451
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['A02.835.232.087.319.150.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C26.088.906'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Vitreous loss during cataract surgery: prevention and optimal management.
|
Vitreous loss during cataract surgery is associated with a poor visual outcome. Experienced surgeons and those performing a high volume of cataract operations have lower rates of vitreous loss. Risk stratification systems, which allow prediction of intraoperative complications from preoperative criteria exist, so that less experienced surgeons can avoid higher risk cases. The management of vitreous loss includes counselling patients before surgery of the potential risks and complications. When vitreous loss occurs, it is important for the surgeon to avoid actions [corrected] which increase the chance of disaster for the eye. These include phacoemulsification in the presence of vitreous and attempts to recover dropped lens fragments from the posterior segment without vitrectomy. There are advantages in performing an anterior vitrectomy by the pars plana route rather than through the anterior chamber and this approach is facilitated by sutureless 23-gauge instruments. Dislocation of lens nuclear fragments into the vitreous is associated with a high incidence of retinal detachment as well as secondary glaucoma and cystoid macular oedema. Early involvement of a retinal surgeon in the management of these eyes is recommended.
|
['Cataract Extraction', 'Clinical Competence', 'Contraindications', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Visual Acuity', 'Vitrectomy', 'Vitreous Body']
| 18,292,788
|
[['E04.540.825.249'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E02.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['E04.540.960'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Penile pyoderma gangrenosum: successful treatment with colchicine.
|
Pyoderma gangrenosum is an ulcerative skin disease with variable clinical outcomes. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and exclusion of other ulcerative diseases. To date, a specific treatment is not known. Since the disease can be destructive, aggressive treatment is preferable. Here, we present a patient with a penile pyoderma gangrenosum who was successfully treated with low-dose colchicine.
|
['Adult', 'Colchicine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Penile Diseases', 'Penis', 'Pyoderma Gangrenosum', 'Skin', 'Tubulin Modulators']
| 18,986,476
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.132.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['C17.800.695.675', 'C17.800.862.675', 'C17.800.893.675'], ['A17.815'], ['D27.505.519.593.249.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Technological and life cycle assessment of organics processing odour control technologies.
|
As more municipalities and communities across developed world look towards implementing organic waste management programmes or upgrading existing ones, composting facilities are emerging as a popular choice. However, odour from these facilities continues to be one of the most important concerns in terms of cost & effective mitigation. This paper provides a technological and life cycle assessment of some of the different odour control technologies and treatment methods that can be implemented in organics processing facilities. The technological assessment compared biofilters, packed tower wet scrubbers, fine mist wet scrubbers, activated carbon adsorption, thermal oxidization, oxidization chemicals and masking agents. The technologies/treatment methods were evaluated and compared based on a variety of operational, usage and cost parameters. Based on the technological assessment it was found that, biofilters and packed bed wet scrubbers are the most applicable odour control technologies for use in organics processing faculties. A life cycle assessment was then done to compare the environmental impacts of the packed-bed wet scrubber system, organic (wood-chip media) bio-filter and inorganic (synthetic media) bio-filter systems. Twelve impact categories were assessed; cumulative energy demand (CED), climate change, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, metal depletion, fossil depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, terrestrial eco-toxicity, freshwater eco-toxicity and marine eco-toxicity. The results showed that for all impact categories the synthetic media biofilter had the highest environmental impact, followed by the wood chip media bio-filter system. The packed-bed system had the lowest environmental impact for all categories.
|
['Air Pollution', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Environment', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Odorants']
| 25,981,938
|
[['N06.850.460.100'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isl1â Overexpression With Key â Cell Transcription Factors Enhances Glucose-Responsive Hepatic Insulin Production and Secretion.
|
Adenoviral gene transfer of key â cell developmental regulators including Pdx1, Neurod1, and Mafa (PDA) has been reported to generate insulin-producing cells in the liver. However, PDA insulin secretion is transient and glucose unresponsive. Here, we report that an additional â cell developmental regulator, insulin gene enhancer binding protein splicing variant (Isl1â), improved insulin production and glucose-responsive secretion in PDA mice. Microarray gene expression analysis suggested that adenoviral PDA transfer required an additional element for mature â cell generation, such as Isl1 and Elf3 in the liver. In vitro promoter analysis indicated that splicing variant Isl1, or Isl1â, is an important factor for transcriptional activity of the insulin gene. In vivo bioluminescence monitoring using insulin promoter-luciferase transgenic mice verified that adenoviral PDA + Isl1â transfer produced highly intense luminescence from the liver, which peaked at day 7 and persisted for more than 10 days. Using insulin promoter-GFP transgenic mice, we further confirmed that Isl1â supplementation to PDA augmented insulin-producing cells in the liver, insulin production and secretion, and â cell‒related genes. Finally, the PDA + Isl1â combination ameliorated hyperglycemia in diabetic mice for 28 days and enhanced glucose tolerance and responsiveness. Thus, our results suggest that Isl1â is a key additional transcriptional factor for advancing the generation of insulin-producing cells in the liver in combination with PDA.
|
['Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glucose', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'LIM-Homeodomain Proteins', 'Liver', 'Maf Transcription Factors, Large', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Up-Regulation']
| 29,220,426
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['G05.308'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['D12.776.260.529', 'D12.776.512.249'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.260.108.500.061', 'D12.776.930.127.500.061'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beyond Angiogenesis: Exploiting Angiocrine Factors to Restrict Tumor Progression and Metastasis.
|
Looking beyond tumor angiogenesis, the past decade has witnessed a fundamental change of paradigm with the discovery that the vascular endothelium does not just respond to exogenous cytokines, but exerts active "angiocrine" gatekeeper roles, controlling their microenvironment in an instructive manner. While vascular niches host disseminated cancer cells and promote their stemness, endothelial cell-derived angiocrine signals orchestrate a favorable immune milieu to facilitate metastatic growth. Here, we discuss recent advances in the field of tumor microenvironment research and propose angiocrine signals as promising targets of future mechanism-driven antimetastatic therapies, which may prove useful to synergistically combine with chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasms', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Microenvironment', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 31,831,463
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G04.366.500'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Angiogenic activity of Onchocerca volvulus recombinant proteins similar to vespid venom antigen 5.
|
Although the mechanisms underlying the host inflammatory response in ocular onchocerciasis have been examined, the role of particular parasite proteins in this process remains largely unexplored. Recently, it was found that one of the most abundant expressed sequence tags in Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae encoded a protein with similarities to a component of vespid venom. This clone was designated O. volvulus Activation associated Secreted Protein -1 (Ov-asp-1). We report the characterization of three members of a family of proteins, designated the Ov-ASP family, of which Ov-ASP-1 is a member. Sequence based and phylogenetic analyses suggest that these proteins form a filarial specific protein family related to both the vespid venom antigen 5 and the vertebrate CRISP/Tpx family of proteins. The three members of the Ov-ASP family exhibit distinct patterns of expression in the life cycle of O. volvulus. Genomic Southern blot analyses indicate that several genes encoding sequences related to the Ov-asp family are present in the genome of O. volvulus. Recombinant proteins expressed from full length cDNAs encoding two members of the Ov-asp family were found to induce an angiogenic response after injection into corneas of naive mice, and vessel formation was associated with only minor inflammatory cell infiltration. These data suggest that Ov-ASP proteins may directly induce an angiogenic response and may therefore contribute to corneal neovascularization in onchocercal keratitis.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Helminth', 'Cornea', 'Helminth Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Onchocerca volvulus', 'Onchocerciasis, Ocular', 'Phylogeny', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Wasp Venoms']
| 10,960,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.223'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['D12.776.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.510.850'], ['C01.610.300.562', 'C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.699.500', 'C01.920.891', 'C11.294.725.562'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D20.888.065.970', 'D23.946.833.065.970']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.