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parameters from monitoring stations BB22 and BISC130: salinity, water temperature, |
turbidity, organic-carbon (OC), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chlorophyll-a (CHL-A), |
nitrate+nitrite (NOx), and total phosphate (TP). Unlike FIAN sampling methods, salinity |
and DO were reported from depths of 1m or greater (Table 11). Although there were |
gaps in these data with missing full and partial years, a few months of those partial years |
had available data. Any flagged data in the DBHYDRO database indicating problems |
were excluded. Averages for SFWMD were calculated between the SERC-FIU and |
DERM stations for a historical timeline of annual measurements for comparison with this |
study (see Table 11). One way ANOVAs determined that there were significant temporal |
effects seen in SFWMD environmental variables such as DO, pH, turbidity, and NOx. |
Temperature, salinity, CO, CHL-A, and TP did not show significant variation between |
available sample years. |
Excluding the first year of the study period, 2005, significant changes in dissolved |
oxygen (DO) (F(5,127) = 3.677, p = 0.004) and pH (F(5,131) = 3.658, p = 0.004) were |
observed across some years. Between 2006 and 2011 the average DO (6.26 ± 0.98 mg/L) |
within the basin fluctuated slightly, but the largest change was seen in 2008 with the |
highest concentration recorded (8.44 ± 7.38). The average pH across the study period, |
8.03 ± 0.14, remained basic in nature. The lowest pH was recorded in 2006 (7.91 ± |
0.03), gradually increasing by 2007, and then reaching the highest, most basic level |
across the study period by 2008 (8.12 ± 0.09). Even with variation documented in pH |
among years, most measurements were near 8.00. |
SFWMD average temperature (26.05 ± 3.63 oC) and salinity (33.26 ± 3.66 ‰) |
measurements were recorded for 2006 through 2011. Temperature (F(5,131) = 0.519, p |
53 |
= 0.762, ns) and salinity (F(5,130) = 2.002, p = 0.083, ns) displayed similar |
measurements across the collection. Salinity and temperature data from POM followed a |
steady pattern similar to SFWMD data, with a few exceptions (Figures 14B and 14C). |
FIAN collected data bi-annually from 30 sites around the harbor, while SFWMD data |
was collected from a single point monthly. Therefore, the FIAN collection shows |
generally greater annual averages of turbidity and salinity than SFWMD. Between 2006 |
and 2011 the SFWMD turbidity measurements averaged 1.37 ±1.15 NTU; however, the |
turbidity measurements were significantly lower over the last three years of the collection |
when compared to the previous three years (F(5,67) = 7.218, p < 0.000). The SFWMD |
turbidity record followed the same general pattern as the FIAN POM data, showing a |
decreasing trend in suspended solids across years within the basin (Figure 14A). |
A five year record from the SFWMD for CHL-A (2007-2011) (Mean = 0.73 ± |
0.56 mg/M3 |
) revealed no significant variation among years (F(4,37) = 2.118, p = 0.098, |
ns), but the last three years of the collection had the highest average readings. Over the |
last four years of the study period (2008-2011), the average OC (Mean = 2.06 ± 2.60 |
mg/L, F(3,34) = 0.089, p = 0.966, ns) and TP (Mean = 0.004 ± 0.002 mg/L, F(3,34) = |
0.210, p = 0.889, ns) concentrations remained fairly stable; however, NOx (Mean = |
0.004 ± 0.017 mg/L) did exhibit significant variation between sample years (F(3,32) = |
4.233, p = 0.013), with the lowest values reported in 2011 (Table 11). |
Weather data provided by NOAA and the FSU Climate Center showed 2005 with |
the highest volume of precipitation over the study period, +6.3 in departure from normal |
(68.2 in), while 2009 exhibited the least amount, -9.8 in departure from normal (52.1 in) |
(refer to Figure 15A). All other sample years varied slightly above or below the average |
rainfall for the Miami area, 61.9 in. Visual inspection of graphs from POM salinity and |
the Miami rainfall history show the natural pattern of salinity decreasing with increasing |
rainfall (inches). Average annual air temperatures in Miami showed colder than normal |
years in 2005 and 2010, and the warmest year on record during the study period was |
2011 (Figure 15B). |
54 |
Table 11. SFWMD monthly water quality parameters. Average water quality data measurements of 2 monitoring sites (BB22 and |
BISC130) in the POM basin. Mean water quality measurements listed ± standard deviation for temperature (° C), salinity (‰), |
turbidity (NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L), pH (field units), chlorophyl-a (CHL-A) (mg/M3 |
), total organic Carbon (OC) (mg/L), |
Nitrate+Nitrite (NOx) (mg/L), and total Phosphate as P (TP) (mg/L). Salinity and DO were reported from depths of 1 m or greater. |
DBHYDRO database flagged files omitted. |
Year Temperature Salinity Turbidity |
Dissolved |
Oxygen |
(DO) pH, field |
Chlorophyl-a |
(CHL-A) |
Carbon, Total |
Organic |
(OC) |
Nitrate+Nitrite |
(NOx) |
Phosphate, |
Total as P |
(TP) |
2005 . . . . . . . . . |
2006 25.70 ± 1.51 35.00 ± 1.27 1.51 ± 0.68 7.41 ± 0.88 7.91 ± 0.03 . . . . |
2007 26.18 ± 3.19 34.78 ± 2.21 1.84 ± 1.97 6.45 ± 0.65 8.02 ± 0.19 0.29 ± 0.17 . . . |
2008 25.44 ± 2.98 33.52 ± 7.41 2.29 ± 0.66 8.44 ± 7.38 8.12 ± 0.09 0.40 ± 1.34 2.12 ± 0.52 0.009 0.004 |
2009 27.12 ± 3.32 33.53 ± 2.99 1.09 ± 0.78 5.85 ± 1.45 8.07 ± 0.07 0.85 ± 0.30 2.22 ± 1.49 0.017 ± 0.021 0.004 ± 0.004 |
2010 25.63 ± 4.69 32.10 ± 2.89 0.57 ± 0.18 6.09 ± 0.68 8.04 ± 0.12 0.93 ± 0.41 1.71 ± 4.75 0.004 ± 0.014 0.004 ± 0.001 |
2011 26.20 ± 3.45 32.88 ± 2.66 0.59 ± 0.20 6.11 ± 0.77 7.98 ± 0.14 0.79 ± 0.26 2.23 ± 0.32 0.006 ± 0.010 0.003 |
AVG 26.05 ± 3.63 33.26 ± 3.66 1.37 ± 1.15 6.26 ± 0.98 8.03 ± 0.14 0.73 ± 0.56 2.06 ± 2.60 0.004 ± 0.017 0.004 ± 0.002 |
55 |
Figure 14A. |
Figure 14B. |
56 |
Figure 14C. |
Figures 14A-C. Graphs: Mean annual environmental conditions in POM basin based on |
available data. Data are from this study (FIAN) and the SFWMD in the Port of Miami |
basin across the 2005-2011 sampling period: A) turbidity (NTU), B) salinity(‰) and, C) |
average water temperature (°C). |
57 |
Figure 15A. |
Figure 15B. |
Figures 15A-B. NOAA Weather Graphs: A) Miami annual rainfall (inches) (average |
61.9 in) and B) air temperatures ( |
oC) 2005-2011 (average 25 oC). Dashed line represents |
annual average for the Miami area. All data provided by NOAA and the FSU Climate |
Center: http://climatecenter.fsu.edu/products-services/data/precipitation/miami |
58 |
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