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5a07bed60ff9ab00181693b0
Infrared
Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecul...
What type of radiation is used to detect heat loss in insulated systems?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570b933d6b8089140040f9a4
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What is a commonly used term for infrared radiation?
{ "text": [ "heat radiation" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
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570b933d6b8089140040f9a5
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What percentage of the Earth's heat is derived from the Sun's infrared light?
{ "text": [ "49%" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
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570b933d6b8089140040f9a6
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What is the common range of emitted radiation of room temperature objects, in micrometers?
{ "text": [ "8 to 25" ], "answer_start": [ 527 ] }
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570b933d6b8089140040f9a7
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for heating the Earth?
{ "text": [ "visible" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
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5a07c82b0ff9ab00181693ca
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What radiation is responsible for 49% of the heating of the Earth?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[ 0.0718257799744606, -0.0016702412394806743, -0.04909215122461319, 0.06282961368560791, 0.09846058487892151, 0.030585115775465965, 0.09832039475440979, -0.068976491689682, 0.061038754880428314, 0.019167451187968254, -0.07885901629924774, -0.06316003203392029, 0.07096220552921295, -0.0483191...
5a07c82b0ff9ab00181693cb
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for emitting visible radiation?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07c82b0ff9ab00181693cc
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What type of light or laser will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 um band?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07c82b0ff9ab00181693cd
Infrared
Infrared radiation is popularly known as "heat radiation"[citation needed], but light and electromagnetic waves of any frequency will heat surfaces that absorb them. Infrared light from the Sun accounts for 49% of the heating of Earth, with the rest being caused by visible light that is absorbed then re-radiated at lon...
What type of waves will char paper?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570b93a36b8089140040f9ac
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What is another term for infrared homing?
{ "text": [ "Infrared tracking" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
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570b93a36b8089140040f9ad
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What devices make use of infrared homing?
{ "text": [ "Missiles" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
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570b93a36b8089140040f9ae
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?
{ "text": [ "heat-seekers" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
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570b93a36b8089140040f9af
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
Along with aircraft and people, what objects notably create and retain heat?
{ "text": [ "vehicle engines" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }
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570b93a36b8089140040f9b0
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What does IR stand for?
{ "text": [ "infrared" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
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5a07e4543fc874001820702d
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What is another term for heat seekers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07e4543fc874001820702e
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
Besides vehicle engines and people what other objects create and retain heat?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07e4543fc874001820702f
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What term means to generate heat and is especially visible in infrared wavelengths of light?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07e4543fc8740018207030
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What is the term that uses the infrared spectrum that is radiated by hot bodies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07e4543fc8740018207031
Infrared
Infrared tracking, also known as infrared homing, refers to a passive missile guidance system, which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. Missiles that use infrared seeking are often referred to as "heat-seekers", since infrared (IR) is just belo...
What term describes the spectrum of light that is part of the visible spectrum?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570b9ec26b8089140040f9b6
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?
{ "text": [ "Cumulonimbus" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
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570b9ec26b8089140040f9b7
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?
{ "text": [ "white" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
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570b9ec26b8089140040f9b8
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?
{ "text": [ "Stratocumulus" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
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570b9ec26b8089140040f9b9
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?
{ "text": [ "grey" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
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570b9ec26b8089140040f9ba
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?
{ "text": [ "1.58–1.64" ], "answer_start": [ 520 ] }
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5a07f1fa3fc8740018207099
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f1fa3fc874001820709a
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f1fa3fc874001820709b
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f1fa3fc874001820709c
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f1fa3fc874001820709d
Infrared
High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog...
What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570b9fa36b8089140040f9c0
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?
{ "text": [ "water vapor in the atmosphere" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
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570b9fa36b8089140040f9c1
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?
{ "text": [ "at a high altitude" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
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570b9fa36b8089140040f9c2
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?
{ "text": [ "balloon" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
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570b9fa36b8089140040f9c3
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?
{ "text": [ "Space telescopes" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
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5a07f52b3fc87400182070ad
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What limits the sensitivity of high altitude observatories?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f52b3fc87400182070ae
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f52b3fc87400182070af
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What kind of telescopes avoid absorbing infrared radiation?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f52b3fc87400182070b0
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
Where can you place an observatory to avoid the atmospheric window?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07f52b3fc87400182070b1
Infrared
The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude...
What absorbs infrared radiation from space away from high altitude?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba8e
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?
{ "text": [ "Heat" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
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570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba8f
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?
{ "text": [ "thermal radiation" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
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570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba90
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?
{ "text": [ "the solar corona" ], "answer_start": [ 608 ] }
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570ba1b2ec8fbc190045ba91
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?
{ "text": [ "infrared" ], "answer_start": [ 531 ] }
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5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d2
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
How does heat propagate through a vaccuum?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d3
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What object emits heat in the x-ray spectrum?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d4
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
How is heat associated with emission from an object?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d5
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What spectra is heat extended into?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07cb0b0ff9ab00181693d6
Infrared
Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due ...
What is the association of heat with thermal radiation?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570ba229ec8fbc190045ba96
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum in micrometers?
{ "text": [ "0.9–14" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
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570ba229ec8fbc190045ba97
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?
{ "text": [ "900–14,000" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
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570ba229ec8fbc190045ba98
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?
{ "text": [ "the black body radiation law" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
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570ba229ec8fbc190045ba99
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What happens to the amount of radiation an object emits as temperature increases?
{ "text": [ "increases" ], "answer_start": [ 440 ] }
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570ba229ec8fbc190045ba9a
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What type of cameras see infrared radiation?
{ "text": [ "Thermographic" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
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5a07d87b3fc8740018207019
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What camera detects temperature in the infrared range?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07d87b3fc874001820701a
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on environment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07d87b3fc874001820701b
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
When an object has visible illumination, what happens to the amount of radiation an object emits?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07d87b3fc874001820701c
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What is the range of the black body radiation law?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a07d87b3fc874001820701d
Infrared
Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it...
What is the nanometer range that allows you to see temperature variations?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570baba0ec8fbc190045bab8
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
Along with the surface of the Earth, what objects absorb radiation from the sun?
{ "text": [ "clouds" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
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570baba0ec8fbc190045bab9
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
After Earth surface's absorbs radiation, in what spectrum is much of it re-emitted?
{ "text": [ "infrared" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
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570baba0ec8fbc190045baba
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
Along with water vapor, what atmospheric substance primarily absorbs the infrared emitted by the Earth?
{ "text": [ "cloud droplets" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
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570baba0ec8fbc190045babb
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What notable warming effect does the presence of infrared absorbers contribute to?
{ "text": [ "greenhouse" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
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5a0803c33fc8740018207111
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What does the greenhouse effect absorb from the sun?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a0803c33fc8740018207112
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
After Earth absorbs methane, in what spectrum is it re-emitted?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a0803c33fc8740018207113
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What substances absorb the sulfur hexafluoride emitted by the Earth?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a0803c33fc8740018207114
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What keeps the atmosphere and surface re-radiated?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a0803c33fc8740018207115
Infrared
Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a...
What substances emit water vapor back to the atmosphere?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570cdf17fed7b91900d45a3f
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What does AGG stand for?
{ "text": [ "Aesthetic Group Gymnastics" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
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570cdf17fed7b91900d45a40
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
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570cdf17fed7b91900d45a41
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
{ "text": [ "do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
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570cdf17fed7b91900d45a42
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics?
{ "text": [ "flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
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570cdf17fed7b91900d45a43
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
{ "text": [ "2003" ], "answer_start": [ 871 ] }
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5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33cffc
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What is another name for Rhythmic Gymnastics?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33cffd
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What is used on the floor area in AGG?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33cffe
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What characterized a bad performance?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33cfff
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
In what year did AGG begin?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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5a6132d6e9e1cc001a33d000
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What language does the word expression come from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
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570cfb92b3d812140066d37f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?
{ "text": [ "counter-air defence" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
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570cfb92b3d812140066d380
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what?
{ "text": [ "the effectiveness of hostile air action" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
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570cfb92b3d812140066d381
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system?
{ "text": [ "passive measures" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
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570cfb92b3d812140066d382
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare?
{ "text": [ "homeland defence" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
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570cfb92b3d812140066d383
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as?
{ "text": [ "anti-aircraft warfare" ], "answer_start": [ 539 ] }
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570d118ab3d812140066d3cb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is the Russian term for air defence?
{ "text": [ "Protivovozdushnaya oborona" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
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570d118ab3d812140066d3cc
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
How is the Russian term for air defence abbreviated?
{ "text": [ "PVO" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
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570d118ab3d812140066d3cd
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What are the AA systems called in Russian?
{ "text": [ "zenitnye" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
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570d118ab3d812140066d3ce
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is air defence called in French?
{ "text": [ "DCA" ], "answer_start": [ 452 ] }
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570d118ab3d812140066d3cf
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French?
{ "text": [ "aéronef" ], "answer_start": [ 487 ] }
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570d3941fed7b91900d45d47
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
When were sensors initially developed?
{ "text": [ "during the First World War" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
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570d3941fed7b91900d45d48
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?
{ "text": [ "optronics" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
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570d3941fed7b91900d45d49
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What country created an integrated system for ADGB?
{ "text": [ "Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
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570d3941fed7b91900d45d4a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What did the integrated system for ADGB link?
{ "text": [ "the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command" ], "answer_start": [ 339 ] }
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570d3941fed7b91900d45d4b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment?
{ "text": [ "NATO" ], "answer_start": [ 473 ] }
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570d3c44b3d812140066d5b9
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What was the problem with AA gunnery?
{ "text": [ "successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
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570d3c44b3d812140066d5ba
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
Different things could affect what with the shell?
{ "text": [ "predicted trajectory" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
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570d3c44b3d812140066d5bb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?
{ "text": [ "'off-set' angles for range and elevation" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
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570d3c44b3d812140066d5bc
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?
{ "text": [ "the target's future position" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
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570d3c44b3d812140066d5bd
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What two things figured the fuse length?
{ "text": [ "Range and height of the target" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
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570d3e82fed7b91900d45d83
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?
{ "text": [ "World War I" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
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570d3e82fed7b91900d45d84
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?
{ "text": [ "Gotha G.V bombers" ], "answer_start": [ 291 ] }
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570d3e82fed7b91900d45d85
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what?
{ "text": [ "an independent air force" ], "answer_start": [ 399 ] }
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570d3e82fed7b91900d45d86
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?
{ "text": [ "their range and weapon load" ], "answer_start": [ 558 ] }
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