id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringclasses
78 values
context
stringclasses
312 values
question
stringlengths
13
180
answers
dict
embedding
listlengths
384
384
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d87
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 709 ] }
[ 0.02946983091533184, 0.0930529236793518, -0.0473102331161499, -0.048042573034763336, 0.05452711135149002, 0.05161627009510994, -0.02043427713215351, 0.03071274608373642, -0.07528914511203766, 0.01760205626487732, 0.046361636370420456, -0.010388229042291641, 0.02970203571021557, 0.004804722...
570d410afed7b91900d45db3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s?
{ "text": [ "solid fuel rockets" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
[ -0.004470370709896088, 0.055849410593509674, -0.1270468533039093, -0.023837869986891747, 0.0024717245250940323, -0.03788057714700699, -0.013234513811767101, 0.08350156992673874, -0.11984121054410934, -0.05818615481257439, -0.022812610492110252, 0.04834657907485962, 0.04456526041030884, -0....
570d410afed7b91900d45db4
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets?
{ "text": [ "for anti-aircraft fire" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
[ -0.004470370709896088, 0.055849410593509674, -0.1270468533039093, -0.023837869986891747, 0.0024717245250940323, -0.03788057714700699, -0.013234513811767101, 0.08350156992673874, -0.11984121054410934, -0.05818615481257439, -0.022812610492110252, 0.04834657907485962, 0.04456526041030884, -0....
570d410afed7b91900d45db5
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What were rockets called at this time?
{ "text": [ "unrotated projectiles" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
[ -0.004470370709896088, 0.055849410593509674, -0.1270468533039093, -0.023837869986891747, 0.0024717245250940323, -0.03788057714700699, -0.013234513811767101, 0.08350156992673874, -0.11984121054410934, -0.05818615481257439, -0.022812610492110252, 0.04834657907485962, 0.04456526041030884, -0....
570d410afed7b91900d45db6
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks?
{ "text": [ "2-inch" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
[ -0.004470370709896088, 0.055849410593509674, -0.1270468533039093, -0.023837869986891747, 0.0024717245250940323, -0.03788057714700699, -0.013234513811767101, 0.08350156992673874, -0.11984121054410934, -0.05818615481257439, -0.022812610492110252, 0.04834657907485962, 0.04456526041030884, -0....
570d410afed7b91900d45db7
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war?
{ "text": [ "3-inch" ], "answer_start": [ 484 ] }
[ -0.004470370709896088, 0.055849410593509674, -0.1270468533039093, -0.023837869986891747, 0.0024717245250940323, -0.03788057714700699, -0.013234513811767101, 0.08350156992673874, -0.11984121054410934, -0.05818615481257439, -0.022812610492110252, 0.04834657907485962, 0.04456526041030884, -0....
570d4501b3d812140066d607
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?
{ "text": [ "The interceptor aircraft" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
[ 0.05595312640070915, 0.030827874317765236, -0.049486011266708374, -0.04266053065657616, 0.01375431939959526, 0.04113103076815605, 0.03190036490559578, 0.0033591575920581818, -0.08494319021701813, 0.014093754813075066, 0.01011924259364605, 0.04664824157953262, 0.053742390125989914, 0.042186...
570d4501b3d812140066d608
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most?
{ "text": [ "bombers" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
[ 0.05595312640070915, 0.030827874317765236, -0.049486011266708374, -0.04266053065657616, 0.01375431939959526, 0.04113103076815605, 0.03190036490559578, 0.0033591575920581818, -0.08494319021701813, 0.014093754813075066, 0.01011924259364605, 0.04664824157953262, 0.053742390125989914, 0.042186...
570d4501b3d812140066d609
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built?
{ "text": [ "after the end of World War II" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }
[ 0.05595312640070915, 0.030827874317765236, -0.049486011266708374, -0.04266053065657616, 0.01375431939959526, 0.04113103076815605, 0.03190036490559578, 0.0033591575920581818, -0.08494319021701813, 0.014093754813075066, 0.01011924259364605, 0.04664824157953262, 0.053742390125989914, 0.042186...
570d4501b3d812140066d60a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
When were interceptors like the F-106 Delta Dart not being built anymore?
{ "text": [ "the late 1960s" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
[ 0.05595312640070915, 0.030827874317765236, -0.049486011266708374, -0.04266053065657616, 0.01375431939959526, 0.04113103076815605, 0.03190036490559578, 0.0033591575920581818, -0.08494319021701813, 0.014093754813075066, 0.01011924259364605, 0.04664824157953262, 0.053742390125989914, 0.042186...
570d4501b3d812140066d60b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
The interceptors were no longer built because of the shift of the bombing role to what?
{ "text": [ "ICBMs" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
[ 0.05595312640070915, 0.030827874317765236, -0.049486011266708374, -0.04266053065657616, 0.01375431939959526, 0.04113103076815605, 0.03190036490559578, 0.0033591575920581818, -0.08494319021701813, 0.014093754813075066, 0.01011924259364605, 0.04664824157953262, 0.053742390125989914, 0.042186...
570d4bd6b3d812140066d64f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use?
{ "text": [ "the laser" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
[ -0.06609875708818436, 0.0234751645475626, -0.09082945436239243, 0.017556441947817802, 0.08214711397886276, 0.030802179127931595, 0.03294758126139641, -0.01120804250240326, -0.09921900928020477, 0.04689163714647293, -0.005138476844877005, 0.014136032201349735, 0.01585482247173786, 0.0382126...
570d4bd6b3d812140066d650
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat?
{ "text": [ "the late 1960s" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
[ -0.06609875708818436, 0.0234751645475626, -0.09082945436239243, 0.017556441947817802, 0.08214711397886276, 0.030802179127931595, 0.03294758126139641, -0.01120804250240326, -0.09921900928020477, 0.04689163714647293, -0.005138476844877005, 0.014136032201349735, 0.01585482247173786, 0.0382126...
570d4bd6b3d812140066d651
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s?
{ "text": [ "Tactical High Energy Laser" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
[ -0.06609875708818436, 0.0234751645475626, -0.09082945436239243, 0.017556441947817802, 0.08214711397886276, 0.030802179127931595, 0.03294758126139641, -0.01120804250240326, -0.09921900928020477, 0.04689163714647293, -0.005138476844877005, 0.014136032201349735, 0.01585482247173786, 0.0382126...
570d4bd6b3d812140066d652
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what?
{ "text": [ "experimental usefulness" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
[ -0.06609875708818436, 0.0234751645475626, -0.09082945436239243, 0.017556441947817802, 0.08214711397886276, 0.030802179127931595, 0.03294758126139641, -0.01120804250240326, -0.09921900928020477, 0.04689163714647293, -0.005138476844877005, 0.014136032201349735, 0.01585482247173786, 0.0382126...
570d4bd6b3d812140066d653
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant...
When do some people believe that lasers can play a more prominent role in air defence?
{ "text": [ "in the next ten years" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
[ -0.06609875708818436, 0.0234751645475626, -0.09082945436239243, 0.017556441947817802, 0.08214711397886276, 0.030802179127931595, 0.03294758126139641, -0.01120804250240326, -0.09921900928020477, 0.04689163714647293, -0.005138476844877005, 0.014136032201349735, 0.01585482247173786, 0.0382126...
570d4f6bb3d812140066d689
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
What is the air defence of a certain area called?
{ "text": [ "Area air defence" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
[ 0.03442175313830376, 0.04166797548532486, -0.07144893705844879, -0.0356912724673748, 0.08536384999752045, -0.013233321718871593, -0.002701797289773822, -0.0316399447619915, 0.0011053055059164762, 0.013754216022789478, 0.03621760755777359, -0.05125566944479942, 0.037994977086782455, 0.06367...
570d4f6bb3d812140066d68a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
Armies as well as what group have operated area air defences?
{ "text": [ "Air Forces" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
[ 0.03442175313830376, 0.04166797548532486, -0.07144893705844879, -0.0356912724673748, 0.08536384999752045, -0.013233321718871593, -0.002701797289773822, -0.0316399447619915, 0.0011053055059164762, 0.013754216022789478, 0.03621760755777359, -0.05125566944479942, 0.037994977086782455, 0.06367...
570d4f6bb3d812140066d68b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
What U.S. Air Forces operated area air defence?
{ "text": [ "CIM-10 Bomarc" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
[ 0.03442175313830376, 0.04166797548532486, -0.07144893705844879, -0.0356912724673748, 0.08536384999752045, -0.013233321718871593, -0.002701797289773822, -0.0316399447619915, 0.0011053055059164762, 0.013754216022789478, 0.03621760755777359, -0.05125566944479942, 0.037994977086782455, 0.06367...
570d4f6bb3d812140066d68c
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
What range do area defence systems have?
{ "text": [ "medium to long range" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
[ 0.03442175313830376, 0.04166797548532486, -0.07144893705844879, -0.0356912724673748, 0.08536384999752045, -0.013233321718871593, -0.002701797289773822, -0.0316399447619915, 0.0011053055059164762, 0.013754216022789478, 0.03621760755777359, -0.05125566944479942, 0.037994977086782455, 0.06367...
570d4f6bb3d812140066d68d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can b...
What was the objective of the MIM-104 Patriot Missile batteries during the first Gulf War?
{ "text": [ "to cover populated areas" ], "answer_start": [ 658 ] }
[ 0.03442175313830376, 0.04166797548532486, -0.07144893705844879, -0.0356912724673748, 0.08536384999752045, -0.013233321718871593, -0.002701797289773822, -0.0316399447619915, 0.0011053055059164762, 0.013754216022789478, 0.03621760755777359, -0.05125566944479942, 0.037994977086782455, 0.06367...
570d5163b3d812140066d6b1
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som...
Which country probably coined the term air defence?
{ "text": [ "Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
[ -0.052810244262218475, 0.02153729274868965, -0.07678912580013275, 0.012593584135174751, 0.03782730922102928, 0.0439084991812706, 0.0009635891183279455, 0.027385126799345016, -0.052541688084602356, 0.03856474161148071, 0.016962025314569473, -0.03729908913373947, 0.04184584692120552, 0.01048...
570d5163b3d812140066d6b2
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som...
What does ADGB stand for?
{ "text": [ "Air Defence of Great Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
[ -0.052810244262218475, 0.02153729274868965, -0.07678912580013275, 0.012593584135174751, 0.03782730922102928, 0.0439084991812706, 0.0009635891183279455, 0.027385126799345016, -0.052541688084602356, 0.03856474161148071, 0.016962025314569473, -0.03729908913373947, 0.04184584692120552, 0.01048...
570d5163b3d812140066d6b3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som...
What year was the ADGB created?
{ "text": [ "1925" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
[ -0.052810244262218475, 0.02153729274868965, -0.07678912580013275, 0.012593584135174751, 0.03782730922102928, 0.0439084991812706, 0.0009635891183279455, 0.027385126799345016, -0.052541688084602356, 0.03856474161148071, 0.016962025314569473, -0.03729908913373947, 0.04184584692120552, 0.01048...
570d5163b3d812140066d6b4
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som...
Who is probably the one who coined the term archie for anti-aircraft guns?
{ "text": [ "Amyas Borton" ], "answer_start": [ 661 ] }
[ -0.052810244262218475, 0.02153729274868965, -0.07678912580013275, 0.012593584135174751, 0.03782730922102928, 0.0439084991812706, 0.0009635891183279455, 0.027385126799345016, -0.052541688084602356, 0.03856474161148071, 0.016962025314569473, -0.03729908913373947, 0.04184584692120552, 0.01048...
570d5163b3d812140066d6b5
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was som...
What George Robey line is believed to have started the archie nickname?
{ "text": [ "\"Archibald, certainly not!\"" ], "answer_start": [ 773 ] }
[ -0.052810244262218475, 0.02153729274868965, -0.07678912580013275, 0.012593584135174751, 0.03782730922102928, 0.0439084991812706, 0.0009635891183279455, 0.027385126799345016, -0.052541688084602356, 0.03856474161148071, 0.016962025314569473, -0.03729908913373947, 0.04184584692120552, 0.01048...
570d5228fed7b91900d45e99
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hi...
What is the first purpose of air defence?
{ "text": [ "detect hostile aircraft" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
[ 0.0890631377696991, 0.06486541032791138, -0.06318345665931702, -0.0800241231918335, 0.09582524001598358, 0.06249212846159935, -0.01843249425292015, -0.06034693121910095, -0.04496294632554054, 0.03158583864569664, 0.059308283030986786, -0.05377517640590668, 0.037383005023002625, 0.015865720...
570d5228fed7b91900d45e9a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hi...
What is the second purpose of air defence?
{ "text": [ "destroy them" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
[ 0.0890631377696991, 0.06486541032791138, -0.06318345665931702, -0.0800241231918335, 0.09582524001598358, 0.06249212846159935, -0.01843249425292015, -0.06034693121910095, -0.04496294632554054, 0.03158583864569664, 0.059308283030986786, -0.05377517640590668, 0.037383005023002625, 0.015865720...
570d5228fed7b91900d45e9b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hi...
What is the critical issue in air defence?
{ "text": [ "to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
[ 0.0890631377696991, 0.06486541032791138, -0.06318345665931702, -0.0800241231918335, 0.09582524001598358, 0.06249212846159935, -0.01843249425292015, -0.06034693121910095, -0.04496294632554054, 0.03158583864569664, 0.059308283030986786, -0.05377517640590668, 0.037383005023002625, 0.015865720...
570d5228fed7b91900d45e9c
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hi...
Projectiles must either be guided to the target or aimed where?
{ "text": [ "at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
[ 0.0890631377696991, 0.06486541032791138, -0.06318345665931702, -0.0800241231918335, 0.09582524001598358, 0.06249212846159935, -0.01843249425292015, -0.06034693121910095, -0.04496294632554054, 0.03158583864569664, 0.059308283030986786, -0.05377517640590668, 0.037383005023002625, 0.015865720...
570d5228fed7b91900d45e9d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hi...
What two things must be considered in regards to the projectile and target?
{ "text": [ "speed and direction" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
[ 0.0890631377696991, 0.06486541032791138, -0.06318345665931702, -0.0800241231918335, 0.09582524001598358, 0.06249212846159935, -0.01843249425292015, -0.06034693121910095, -0.04496294632554054, 0.03158583864569664, 0.059308283030986786, -0.05377517640590668, 0.037383005023002625, 0.015865720...
570d6767fed7b91900d45ff9
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f...
Which country's air defence and aircraft has been under integrated command and control?
{ "text": [ "Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
[ 0.07833759486675262, 0.01569158025085926, -0.04916706681251526, -0.07144942879676819, 0.09803834557533264, 0.03032894805073738, 0.0013857538579031825, 0.051766879856586456, -0.06370941549539566, -0.014241109602153301, 0.07058220356702805, -0.034467194229364395, 0.01238800399005413, -0.0052...
570d6767fed7b91900d45ffa
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f...
What other group has also been under this integrated command and control?
{ "text": [ "NATO's Allied Command Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
[ 0.07833759486675262, 0.01569158025085926, -0.04916706681251526, -0.07144942879676819, 0.09803834557533264, 0.03032894805073738, 0.0013857538579031825, 0.051766879856586456, -0.06370941549539566, -0.014241109602153301, 0.07058220356702805, -0.034467194229364395, 0.01238800399005413, -0.0052...
570d6767fed7b91900d45ffb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f...
Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat?
{ "text": [ "forces in the field" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
[ 0.07833759486675262, 0.01569158025085926, -0.04916706681251526, -0.07144942879676819, 0.09803834557533264, 0.03032894805073738, 0.0013857538579031825, 0.051766879856586456, -0.06370941549539566, -0.014241109602153301, 0.07058220356702805, -0.034467194229364395, 0.01238800399005413, -0.0052...
570d6767fed7b91900d45ffc
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f...
What can be deployed as an offensive measure to refuse airspace use to an opponent?
{ "text": [ "A surface-based air defence capability" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
[ 0.07833759486675262, 0.01569158025085926, -0.04916706681251526, -0.07144942879676819, 0.09803834557533264, 0.03032894805073738, 0.0013857538579031825, 0.051766879856586456, -0.06370941549539566, -0.014241109602153301, 0.07058220356702805, -0.034467194229364395, 0.01238800399005413, -0.0052...
570d6cecb3d812140066d8dd
Anti-aircraft_warfare
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai...
What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?
{ "text": [ "1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
[ -0.05332532152533531, 0.01916378177702427, -0.1422959566116333, -0.011776807717978954, 0.10826928168535233, -0.012848520651459694, 0.0074141058139503, 0.07548057287931442, -0.0873718336224556, 0.0059170653112232685, 0.04705275222659111, -0.018921811133623123, 0.08678440749645233, -0.004138...
570d6cecb3d812140066d8de
Anti-aircraft_warfare
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai...
What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?
{ "text": [ "Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems" ], "answer_start": [ 295 ] }
[ -0.05332532152533531, 0.01916378177702427, -0.1422959566116333, -0.011776807717978954, 0.10826928168535233, -0.012848520651459694, 0.0074141058139503, 0.07548057287931442, -0.0873718336224556, 0.0059170653112232685, 0.04705275222659111, -0.018921811133623123, 0.08678440749645233, -0.004138...
570d6cecb3d812140066d8df
Anti-aircraft_warfare
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai...
How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 588 ] }
[ -0.05332532152533531, 0.01916378177702427, -0.1422959566116333, -0.011776807717978954, 0.10826928168535233, -0.012848520651459694, 0.0074141058139503, 0.07548057287931442, -0.0873718336224556, 0.0059170653112232685, 0.04705275222659111, -0.018921811133623123, 0.08678440749645233, -0.004138...
570d6cecb3d812140066d8e0
Anti-aircraft_warfare
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai...
This system was a direct answer to what?
{ "text": [ "the Flakvierling" ], "answer_start": [ 743 ] }
[ -0.05332532152533531, 0.01916378177702427, -0.1422959566116333, -0.011776807717978954, 0.10826928168535233, -0.012848520651459694, 0.0074141058139503, 0.07548057287931442, -0.0873718336224556, 0.0059170653112232685, 0.04705275222659111, -0.018921811133623123, 0.08678440749645233, -0.004138...
570d6cecb3d812140066d8e1
Anti-aircraft_warfare
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai...
The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?
{ "text": [ "many kilometers" ], "answer_start": [ 994 ] }
[ -0.05332532152533531, 0.01916378177702427, -0.1422959566116333, -0.011776807717978954, 0.10826928168535233, -0.012848520651459694, 0.0074141058139503, 0.07548057287931442, -0.0873718336224556, 0.0059170653112232685, 0.04705275222659111, -0.018921811133623123, 0.08678440749645233, -0.004138...
570d6dfefed7b91900d460c1
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable wer...
What acted as a physical obstacle to anti-aircraft defence?
{ "text": [ "barrage balloons" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
[ -0.00811434630304575, 0.11246496438980103, 0.012896813452243805, -0.05584103241562843, 0.07479958236217499, -0.04767113924026489, 0.03413289412856102, 0.052653778344392776, -0.1182207390666008, -0.07249598950147629, 0.03935893625020981, 0.02829820290207863, 0.05546995997428894, 0.024521609...
570d6dfefed7b91900d460c2
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable wer...
What were barrage balloons initially used as an obstacle to?
{ "text": [ "bomber aircraft over cities" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
[ -0.00811434630304575, 0.11246496438980103, 0.012896813452243805, -0.05584103241562843, 0.07479958236217499, -0.04767113924026489, 0.03413289412856102, 0.052653778344392776, -0.1182207390666008, -0.07249598950147629, 0.03935893625020981, 0.02829820290207863, 0.05546995997428894, 0.024521609...
570d6dfefed7b91900d460c3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable wer...
How was a barrage balloon tethered to the ground?
{ "text": [ "steel cable" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
[ -0.00811434630304575, 0.11246496438980103, 0.012896813452243805, -0.05584103241562843, 0.07479958236217499, -0.04767113924026489, 0.03413289412856102, 0.052653778344392776, -0.1182207390666008, -0.07249598950147629, 0.03935893625020981, 0.02829820290207863, 0.05546995997428894, 0.024521609...
570d6dfefed7b91900d460c4
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable wer...
What did pilots have to do to avoid the barrage balloons?
{ "text": [ "fly at a higher altitude" ], "answer_start": [ 425 ] }
[ -0.00811434630304575, 0.11246496438980103, 0.012896813452243805, -0.05584103241562843, 0.07479958236217499, -0.04767113924026489, 0.03413289412856102, 0.052653778344392776, -0.1182207390666008, -0.07249598950147629, 0.03935893625020981, 0.02829820290207863, 0.05546995997428894, 0.024521609...
570d6dfefed7b91900d460c5
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets. The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways. Firstly, it and the steel cable wer...
What kind of success did barrage balloons have as far as bringing down aircraft?
{ "text": [ "minimal" ], "answer_start": [ 544 ] }
[ -0.00811434630304575, 0.11246496438980103, 0.012896813452243805, -0.05584103241562843, 0.07479958236217499, -0.04767113924026489, 0.03413289412856102, 0.052653778344392776, -0.1182207390666008, -0.07249598950147629, 0.03935893625020981, 0.02829820290207863, 0.05546995997428894, 0.024521609...
570d7708b3d812140066d9af
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Smaller boats and ships typically have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can often be deadly to low-flying aircraft if linked to a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence. Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system. In ge...
What kind of weapons can usually be found on smaller boats and ships?
{ "text": [ "machine-guns or fast cannons" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
[ 0.06353110820055008, 0.026407230645418167, -0.09134820103645325, 0.024232562631368637, 0.08979041129350662, 0.0085947560146451, 0.032121866941452026, 0.04216666892170906, -0.08290369808673859, 0.0019882500637322664, 0.005309959873557091, 0.031184444203972816, 0.028902778401970863, 0.020512...
570d7708b3d812140066d9b0
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Smaller boats and ships typically have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can often be deadly to low-flying aircraft if linked to a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence. Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system. In ge...
These weapons can be deadly to aircraft that is low if it is linked to what?
{ "text": [ "a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
[ 0.06353110820055008, 0.026407230645418167, -0.09134820103645325, 0.024232562631368637, 0.08979041129350662, 0.0085947560146451, 0.032121866941452026, 0.04216666892170906, -0.08290369808673859, 0.0019882500637322664, 0.005309959873557091, 0.031184444203972816, 0.028902778401970863, 0.020512...
570d7708b3d812140066d9b1
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Smaller boats and ships typically have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can often be deadly to low-flying aircraft if linked to a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence. Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system. In ge...
What type of ships are particularly well defended?
{ "text": [ "Carrier battle groups" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
[ 0.06353110820055008, 0.026407230645418167, -0.09134820103645325, 0.024232562631368637, 0.08979041129350662, 0.0085947560146451, 0.032121866941452026, 0.04216666892170906, -0.08290369808673859, 0.0019882500637322664, 0.005309959873557091, 0.031184444203972816, 0.028902778401970863, 0.020512...
570d7708b3d812140066d9b2
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Smaller boats and ships typically have machine-guns or fast cannons, which can often be deadly to low-flying aircraft if linked to a radar-directed fire-control system radar-controlled cannon for point defence. Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system. In ge...
Carrier battle groups can launch what to intercept incoming threats?
{ "text": [ "fighter jets" ], "answer_start": [ 593 ] }
[ 0.06353110820055008, 0.026407230645418167, -0.09134820103645325, 0.024232562631368637, 0.08979041129350662, 0.0085947560146451, 0.032121866941452026, 0.04216666892170906, -0.08290369808673859, 0.0019882500637322664, 0.005309959873557091, 0.031184444203972816, 0.028902778401970863, 0.020512...
570d8c74b3d812140066da1f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
Who provided part of the air defence of the British Isles in WWI
{ "text": [ "Royal Navy" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
[ 0.04726141318678856, 0.019195789471268654, 0.0034282251726835966, 0.005392235703766346, 0.11804328113794327, 0.026050200685858727, -0.023335855454206467, 0.008872655220329762, -0.016058864071965218, 0.03633521869778633, 0.05062645301222801, -0.02446242980659008, -0.009812536649405956, 0.01...
570d8c74b3d812140066da20
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
Who protected airfields in WWII?
{ "text": [ "RAF Regiment" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
[ 0.04726141318678856, 0.019195789471268654, 0.0034282251726835966, 0.005392235703766346, 0.11804328113794327, 0.026050200685858727, -0.023335855454206467, 0.008872655220329762, -0.016058864071965218, 0.03633521869778633, 0.05062645301222801, -0.02446242980659008, -0.009812536649405956, 0.01...
570d8c74b3d812140066da21
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
The United States Air Force helped protect the UK during what 'war'?
{ "text": [ "Cold War" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
[ 0.04726141318678856, 0.019195789471268654, 0.0034282251726835966, 0.005392235703766346, 0.11804328113794327, 0.026050200685858727, -0.023335855454206467, 0.008872655220329762, -0.016058864071965218, 0.03633521869778633, 0.05062645301222801, -0.02446242980659008, -0.009812536649405956, 0.01...
570d8c74b3d812140066da22
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
What year was ground-based air defence taken from RAF?
{ "text": [ "2004" ], "answer_start": [ 584 ] }
[ 0.04726141318678856, 0.019195789471268654, 0.0034282251726835966, 0.005392235703766346, 0.11804328113794327, 0.026050200685858727, -0.023335855454206467, 0.008872655220329762, -0.016058864071965218, 0.03633521869778633, 0.05062645301222801, -0.02446242980659008, -0.009812536649405956, 0.01...
570d8c74b3d812140066da23
Anti-aircraft_warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
What was disbanded in 1955?
{ "text": [ "British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command" ], "answer_start": [ 594 ] }
[ 0.04726141318678856, 0.019195789471268654, 0.0034282251726835966, 0.005392235703766346, 0.11804328113794327, 0.026050200685858727, -0.023335855454206467, 0.008872655220329762, -0.016058864071965218, 0.03633521869778633, 0.05062645301222801, -0.02446242980659008, -0.009812536649405956, 0.01...
570d8d82b3d812140066da29
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and...
What helped with better fuse setting?
{ "text": [ "range measurement" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
[ -0.05735953152179718, 0.109018474817276, 0.009345728904008865, -0.13441787660121918, -0.006060546729713678, 0.0744900181889534, -0.0600646436214447, 0.04437768831849098, -0.04686867818236351, -0.025778112933039665, 0.019538214430212975, -0.008559386245906353, 0.012742407619953156, 0.084900...
570d8d82b3d812140066da2a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and...
What was the first model of HRF (Height Range Finder) used by the British?
{ "text": [ "Barr & Stroud UB2" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
[ -0.05735953152179718, 0.109018474817276, 0.009345728904008865, -0.13441787660121918, -0.006060546729713678, 0.0744900181889534, -0.0600646436214447, 0.04437768831849098, -0.04686867818236351, -0.025778112933039665, 0.019538214430212975, -0.008559386245906353, 0.012742407619953156, 0.084900...
570d8d82b3d812140066da2b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and...
The HRF measured target distance and what else?
{ "text": [ "elevation angle" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
[ -0.05735953152179718, 0.109018474817276, 0.009345728904008865, -0.13441787660121918, -0.006060546729713678, 0.0744900181889534, -0.0600646436214447, 0.04437768831849098, -0.04686867818236351, -0.025778112933039665, 0.019538214430212975, -0.008559386245906353, 0.012742407619953156, 0.084900...
570d8d82b3d812140066da2c
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and...
What was the HRF used with to set fuses?
{ "text": [ "Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI)" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
[ -0.05735953152179718, 0.109018474817276, 0.009345728904008865, -0.13441787660121918, -0.006060546729713678, 0.0744900181889534, -0.0600646436214447, 0.04437768831849098, -0.04686867818236351, -0.025778112933039665, 0.019538214430212975, -0.008559386245906353, 0.012742407619953156, 0.084900...
570d8d82b3d812140066da2d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and...
The fuse length could be set using height reported by whom?
{ "text": [ "HRF operator" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
[ -0.05735953152179718, 0.109018474817276, 0.009345728904008865, -0.13441787660121918, -0.006060546729713678, 0.0744900181889534, -0.0600646436214447, 0.04437768831849098, -0.04686867818236351, -0.025778112933039665, 0.019538214430212975, -0.008559386245906353, 0.012742407619953156, 0.084900...
570d999c16d0071400510bbf
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully auto...
Which military set up a large air defence network surrounding its larger cities?
{ "text": [ "the U.S. Army" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
[ -0.026062356308102608, -0.028209049254655838, -0.09318599104881287, -0.0638522133231163, 0.07578056305646896, 0.02455453760921955, -0.06977979093790054, 0.019095459952950478, -0.09922419488430023, 0.031022818759083748, 0.048263248056173325, 0.004657613579183817, 0.08779279887676239, -0.026...
570d999c16d0071400510bc0
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully auto...
What US system was created in the 1950s that included radar and computers?
{ "text": [ "the 75 mm Skysweeper system" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
[ -0.026062356308102608, -0.028209049254655838, -0.09318599104881287, -0.0638522133231163, 0.07578056305646896, 0.02455453760921955, -0.06977979093790054, 0.019095459952950478, -0.09922419488430023, 0.031022818759083748, 0.048263248056173325, 0.004657613579183817, 0.08779279887676239, -0.026...
570d999c16d0071400510bc1
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully auto...
The Skysweeper replaced the small guns that the Army was using, including which one?
{ "text": [ "the 40 mm Bofors" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
[ -0.026062356308102608, -0.028209049254655838, -0.09318599104881287, -0.0638522133231163, 0.07578056305646896, 0.02455453760921955, -0.06977979093790054, 0.019095459952950478, -0.09922419488430023, 0.031022818759083748, 0.048263248056173325, 0.004657613579183817, 0.08779279887676239, -0.026...
570d999c16d0071400510bc2
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully auto...
What does NADGE stand for?
{ "text": [ "NATO Air Defence Ground Environment" ], "answer_start": [ 598 ] }
[ -0.026062356308102608, -0.028209049254655838, -0.09318599104881287, -0.0638522133231163, 0.07578056305646896, 0.02455453760921955, -0.06977979093790054, 0.019095459952950478, -0.09922419488430023, 0.031022818759083748, 0.048263248056173325, 0.004657613579183817, 0.08779279887676239, -0.026...
570d999c16d0071400510bc3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully auto...
What did NADGE become?
{ "text": [ "the NATO Integrated Air Defence System" ], "answer_start": [ 661 ] }
[ -0.026062356308102608, -0.028209049254655838, -0.09318599104881287, -0.0638522133231163, 0.07578056305646896, 0.02455453760921955, -0.06977979093790054, 0.019095459952950478, -0.09922419488430023, 0.031022818759083748, 0.048263248056173325, 0.004657613579183817, 0.08779279887676239, -0.026...
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and cr...
What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal?
{ "text": [ "infantry positions" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
[ -0.02979339472949505, 0.03964271768927574, -0.08016069233417511, -0.04112370312213898, 0.03459937125444412, -0.004015679005533457, 0.016282718628644943, 0.04012744501233101, -0.11352289468050003, 0.03716287389397621, 0.05005377158522606, 0.07360711693763733, 0.047957438975572586, 0.0024151...
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd4
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and cr...
Along with speed of the modern jet, what else limits target opportunities?
{ "text": [ "altitude" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }
[ -0.02979339472949505, 0.03964271768927574, -0.08016069233417511, -0.04112370312213898, 0.03459937125444412, -0.004015679005533457, 0.016282718628644943, 0.04012744501233101, -0.11352289468050003, 0.03716287389397621, 0.05005377158522606, 0.07360711693763733, 0.047957438975572586, 0.0024151...
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd5
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and cr...
Heavier artillery systems were typically used for what?
{ "text": [ "most anti-aircraft gunnery" ], "answer_start": [ 535 ] }
[ -0.02979339472949505, 0.03964271768927574, -0.08016069233417511, -0.04112370312213898, 0.03459937125444412, -0.004015679005533457, 0.016282718628644943, 0.04012744501233101, -0.11352289468050003, 0.03716287389397621, 0.05005377158522606, 0.07360711693763733, 0.047957438975572586, 0.0024151...
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed022
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of...
Rocket research began prior to which war in some countries?
{ "text": [ "World War II" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
[ -0.04448486492037773, 0.006892201490700245, -0.06253344565629959, -0.04856380447745323, 0.005329848732799292, -0.0034255324862897396, -0.00965955387800932, 0.02021179534494877, -0.11366291344165802, 0.02951601706445217, -0.008306964300572872, 0.05722182244062424, 0.042041804641485214, -0.0...
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed023
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of...
What unguided missile systems was fitted to warships?
{ "text": [ "the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
[ -0.04448486492037773, 0.006892201490700245, -0.06253344565629959, -0.04856380447745323, 0.005329848732799292, -0.0034255324862897396, -0.00965955387800932, 0.02021179534494877, -0.11366291344165802, 0.02951601706445217, -0.008306964300572872, 0.05722182244062424, 0.042041804641485214, -0.0...
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed024
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of...
When did the Bethnal Green disaster occur?
{ "text": [ "1943" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
[ -0.04448486492037773, 0.006892201490700245, -0.06253344565629959, -0.04856380447745323, 0.005329848732799292, -0.0034255324862897396, -0.00965955387800932, 0.02021179534494877, -0.11366291344165802, 0.02951601706445217, -0.008306964300572872, 0.05722182244062424, 0.042041804641485214, -0.0...
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed025
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of...
What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes?
{ "text": [ "American Lark" ], "answer_start": [ 544 ] }
[ -0.04448486492037773, 0.006892201490700245, -0.06253344565629959, -0.04856380447745323, 0.005329848732799292, -0.0034255324862897396, -0.00965955387800932, 0.02021179534494877, -0.11366291344165802, 0.02951601706445217, -0.008306964300572872, 0.05722182244062424, 0.042041804641485214, -0.0...
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed026
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of...
Which country's research was ahead of all other countries for missiles?
{ "text": [ "Germans missile research" ], "answer_start": [ 634 ] }
[ -0.04448486492037773, 0.006892201490700245, -0.06253344565629959, -0.04856380447745323, 0.005329848732799292, -0.0034255324862897396, -0.00965955387800932, 0.02021179534494877, -0.11366291344165802, 0.02951601706445217, -0.008306964300572872, 0.05722182244062424, 0.042041804641485214, -0.0...
570d9d71df2f5219002ed046
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega...
Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?
{ "text": [ "the railgun" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
[ 0.02806922048330307, 0.017116043716669083, -0.04195542633533478, 0.07014327496290207, -0.007212053518742323, 0.0011147995246574283, -0.0497719906270504, -0.010574140585958958, -0.13584613800048828, 0.01840277574956417, 0.00015328508743550628, 0.03085610829293728, 0.07660289108753204, 0.017...
570d9d71df2f5219002ed047
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega...
Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost?
{ "text": [ "a Tomahawk" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
[ 0.02806922048330307, 0.017116043716669083, -0.04195542633533478, 0.07014327496290207, -0.007212053518742323, 0.0011147995246574283, -0.0497719906270504, -0.010574140585958958, -0.13584613800048828, 0.01840277574956417, 0.00015328508743550628, 0.03085610829293728, 0.07660289108753204, 0.017...
570d9d71df2f5219002ed048
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega...
When did the United States Navy test a railgun?
{ "text": [ "February 2008" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }
[ 0.02806922048330307, 0.017116043716669083, -0.04195542633533478, 0.07014327496290207, -0.007212053518742323, 0.0011147995246574283, -0.0497719906270504, -0.010574140585958958, -0.13584613800048828, 0.01840277574956417, 0.00015328508743550628, 0.03085610829293728, 0.07660289108753204, 0.017...
570d9d71df2f5219002ed049
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega...
How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?
{ "text": [ "5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
[ 0.02806922048330307, 0.017116043716669083, -0.04195542633533478, 0.07014327496290207, -0.007212053518742323, 0.0011147995246574283, -0.0497719906270504, -0.010574140585958958, -0.13584613800048828, 0.01840277574956417, 0.00015328508743550628, 0.03085610829293728, 0.07660289108753204, 0.017...
570d9d71df2f5219002ed04a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega...
When is the railgun expected to be ready?
{ "text": [ "2020 to 2025" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
[ 0.02806922048330307, 0.017116043716669083, -0.04195542633533478, 0.07014327496290207, -0.007212053518742323, 0.0011147995246574283, -0.0497719906270504, -0.010574140585958958, -0.13584613800048828, 0.01840277574956417, 0.00015328508743550628, 0.03085610829293728, 0.07660289108753204, 0.017...
570da01f16d0071400510c0d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate thi...
Air defence in such places as a carrier group are built around what?
{ "text": [ "a system of concentric layers" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
[ 0.09597675502300262, 0.018958959728479385, -0.09702608734369278, -0.007406830321997404, 0.09309401363134384, 0.024423591792583466, 0.0583731085062027, 0.04177422076463699, -0.11039343476295471, -0.0706285685300827, 0.06842431426048279, -0.006674738135188818, 0.054092224687337875, 0.0824032...
570da01f16d0071400510c0e
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate thi...
What protects the outer layer?
{ "text": [ "AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
[ 0.09597675502300262, 0.018958959728479385, -0.09702608734369278, -0.007406830321997404, 0.09309401363134384, 0.024423591792583466, 0.0583731085062027, 0.04177422076463699, -0.11039343476295471, -0.0706285685300827, 0.06842431426048279, -0.006674738135188818, 0.054092224687337875, 0.0824032...
570da01f16d0071400510c0f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate thi...
The next layer's surface-to-air missiles are carried by what?
{ "text": [ "the carrier's escorts" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
[ 0.09597675502300262, 0.018958959728479385, -0.09702608734369278, -0.007406830321997404, 0.09309401363134384, 0.024423591792583466, 0.0583731085062027, 0.04177422076463699, -0.11039343476295471, -0.0706285685300827, 0.06842431426048279, -0.006674738135188818, 0.054092224687337875, 0.0824032...
570da01f16d0071400510c10
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate thi...
What is the range in nautical miles of the RIM-67 Standard?
{ "text": [ "100" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
[ 0.09597675502300262, 0.018958959728479385, -0.09702608734369278, -0.007406830321997404, 0.09309401363134384, 0.024423591792583466, 0.0583731085062027, 0.04177422076463699, -0.11039343476295471, -0.0706285685300827, 0.06842431426048279, -0.006674738135188818, 0.054092224687337875, 0.0824032...
570da01f16d0071400510c11
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Air defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an attacker is able to penetrate thi...
What is the rate of fire for a radar-controlled Gatling gun of 20 and 30 millimeter?
{ "text": [ "several thousand rounds per minute" ], "answer_start": [ 797 ] }
[ 0.09597675502300262, 0.018958959728479385, -0.09702608734369278, -0.007406830321997404, 0.09309401363134384, 0.024423591792583466, 0.0583731085062027, 0.04177422076463699, -0.11039343476295471, -0.0706285685300827, 0.06842431426048279, -0.006674738135188818, 0.054092224687337875, 0.0824032...
570da0f416d0071400510c17
Anti-aircraft_warfare
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defenc...
What is likely to entirely replace gun systems?
{ "text": [ "missiles" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
[ -0.04983001947402954, 0.05756498500704765, -0.15065281093120575, -0.027651216834783554, 0.00936037302017212, -0.05496623367071152, 0.0027699319180101156, 0.0021183767821639776, -0.05298450589179993, 0.00777484430000186, 0.016704821959137917, 0.08582243323326111, 0.043976519256830215, -0.03...
570da0f416d0071400510c18
Anti-aircraft_warfare
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defenc...
What is being lead to specialty roles?
{ "text": [ "Guns" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
[ -0.04983001947402954, 0.05756498500704765, -0.15065281093120575, -0.027651216834783554, 0.00936037302017212, -0.05496623367071152, 0.0027699319180101156, 0.0021183767821639776, -0.05298450589179993, 0.00777484430000186, 0.016704821959137917, 0.08582243323326111, 0.043976519256830215, -0.03...
570da0f416d0071400510c19
Anti-aircraft_warfare
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defenc...
What gun is used in the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS?
{ "text": [ "GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
[ -0.04983001947402954, 0.05756498500704765, -0.15065281093120575, -0.027651216834783554, 0.00936037302017212, -0.05496623367071152, 0.0027699319180101156, 0.0021183767821639776, -0.05298450589179993, 0.00777484430000186, 0.016704821959137917, 0.08582243323326111, 0.043976519256830215, -0.03...
570da0f416d0071400510c1a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defenc...
What RIM weapon permits mid-flight course adjustments?
{ "text": [ "RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
[ -0.04983001947402954, 0.05756498500704765, -0.15065281093120575, -0.027651216834783554, 0.00936037302017212, -0.05496623367071152, 0.0027699319180101156, 0.0021183767821639776, -0.05298450589179993, 0.00777484430000186, 0.016704821959137917, 0.08582243323326111, 0.043976519256830215, -0.03...
570da0f416d0071400510c1b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defenc...
What weapon's system uses guns and missiles?
{ "text": [ "Kashtan CIWS" ], "answer_start": [ 635 ] }
[ -0.04983001947402954, 0.05756498500704765, -0.15065281093120575, -0.027651216834783554, 0.00936037302017212, -0.05496623367071152, 0.0027699319180101156, 0.0021183767821639776, -0.05298450589179993, 0.00777484430000186, 0.016704821959137917, 0.08582243323326111, 0.043976519256830215, -0.03...
570da2de16d0071400510c2b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ...
What military forces usually integrate air defnce as a separate arm or part of artillery?
{ "text": [ "Western and Commonwealth militaries" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
[ 0.08600219339132309, -0.0016350026708096266, 0.04399006441235542, 0.02834700047969818, 0.08672695606946945, 0.0719681903719902, -0.00915429275482893, -0.03627300262451172, -0.02204466611146927, -0.005099048372358084, 0.051887646317481995, -0.05223408713936806, 0.07016044110059738, 0.031574...
570da2de16d0071400510c2c
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ...
Air defence in the US Army is part of what arm?
{ "text": [ "artillery arm" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
[ 0.08600219339132309, -0.0016350026708096266, 0.04399006441235542, 0.02834700047969818, 0.08672695606946945, 0.0719681903719902, -0.00915429275482893, -0.03627300262451172, -0.02204466611146927, -0.005099048372358084, 0.051887646317481995, -0.05223408713936806, 0.07016044110059738, 0.031574...
570da2de16d0071400510c2d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ...
Air defence in Pakistan was separated from the Army in what year?
{ "text": [ "1990" ], "answer_start": [ 372 ] }
[ 0.08600219339132309, -0.0016350026708096266, 0.04399006441235542, 0.02834700047969818, 0.08672695606946945, 0.0719681903719902, -0.00915429275482893, -0.03627300262451172, -0.02204466611146927, -0.005099048372358084, 0.051887646317481995, -0.05223408713936806, 0.07016044110059738, 0.031574...
570da2de16d0071400510c2e
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ...
What type of countries have set branches for territorial air defence?
{ "text": [ "largely communist or ex-communist" ], "answer_start": [ 407 ] }
[ 0.08600219339132309, -0.0016350026708096266, 0.04399006441235542, 0.02834700047969818, 0.08672695606946945, 0.0719681903719902, -0.00915429275482893, -0.03627300262451172, -0.02204466611146927, -0.005099048372358084, 0.051887646317481995, -0.05223408713936806, 0.07016044110059738, 0.031574...
570da2de16d0071400510c2f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ...
Who had a separate military force for controlling nuclear ICBMs?
{ "text": [ "USSR" ], "answer_start": [ 658 ] }
[ 0.08600219339132309, -0.0016350026708096266, 0.04399006441235542, 0.02834700047969818, 0.08672695606946945, 0.0719681903719902, -0.00915429275482893, -0.03627300262451172, -0.02204466611146927, -0.005099048372358084, 0.051887646317481995, -0.05223408713936806, 0.07016044110059738, 0.031574...
570da3fadf2f5219002ed094
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t...
What do armies tend to have in depth?
{ "text": [ "air defence" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
[ 0.033036310225725174, 0.02015485242009163, -0.09617649763822556, -0.08616002649068832, 0.033831678330898285, -0.006640860345214605, -0.03196769580245018, 0.0036321799270808697, -0.06334205716848373, -0.04881476238369942, 0.052726853638887405, 0.041819117963314056, 0.040985334664583206, 0.0...
570da3fadf2f5219002ed095
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t...
Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system?
{ "text": [ "army-level missile defence systems" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
[ 0.033036310225725174, 0.02015485242009163, -0.09617649763822556, -0.08616002649068832, 0.033831678330898285, -0.006640860345214605, -0.03196769580245018, 0.0036321799270808697, -0.06334205716848373, -0.04881476238369942, 0.052726853638887405, 0.041819117963314056, 0.040985334664583206, 0.0...
570da3fadf2f5219002ed096
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t...
Stinger and Igla are two examples of what type of system?
{ "text": [ "smaller force levels" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
[ 0.033036310225725174, 0.02015485242009163, -0.09617649763822556, -0.08616002649068832, 0.033831678330898285, -0.006640860345214605, -0.03196769580245018, 0.0036321799270808697, -0.06334205716848373, -0.04881476238369942, 0.052726853638887405, 0.041819117963314056, 0.040985334664583206, 0.0...
570da3fadf2f5219002ed097
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t...
What does SPAAG stand for?
{ "text": [ "self-propelled anti-aircraft guns" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }
[ 0.033036310225725174, 0.02015485242009163, -0.09617649763822556, -0.08616002649068832, 0.033831678330898285, -0.006640860345214605, -0.03196769580245018, 0.0036321799270808697, -0.06334205716848373, -0.04881476238369942, 0.052726853638887405, 0.041819117963314056, 0.040985334664583206, 0.0...
570da3fadf2f5219002ed098
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t...
What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko?
{ "text": [ "all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms" ], "answer_start": [ 648 ] }
[ 0.033036310225725174, 0.02015485242009163, -0.09617649763822556, -0.08616002649068832, 0.033831678330898285, -0.006640860345214605, -0.03196769580245018, 0.0036321799270808697, -0.06334205716848373, -0.04881476238369942, 0.052726853638887405, 0.041819117963314056, 0.040985334664583206, 0.0...
570da4a616d0071400510c35
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposi...
In agreement with NATO members, the US Air Force and which country has created tactics for air defence suppression?
{ "text": [ "Israel" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
[ -0.006203191354870796, 0.091206856071949, -0.058365803211927414, -0.039201077073812485, 0.11226242035627365, 0.01784449629485607, 0.020836511626839638, -0.0015700149815529585, 0.007789549417793751, 0.0456148162484169, -0.010531489737331867, 0.001353979459963739, 0.08746639639139175, 0.0190...
570da4a616d0071400510c36
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposi...
The goal of what is to suppress opposing air defence systems?
{ "text": [ "Dedicated weapons" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
[ -0.006203191354870796, 0.091206856071949, -0.058365803211927414, -0.039201077073812485, 0.11226242035627365, 0.01784449629485607, 0.020836511626839638, -0.0015700149815529585, 0.007789549417793751, 0.0456148162484169, -0.010531489737331867, 0.001353979459963739, 0.08746639639139175, 0.0190...
570da4a616d0071400510c37
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposi...
As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them?
{ "text": [ "SAM systems with ECCM capabilities" ], "answer_start": [ 454 ] }
[ -0.006203191354870796, 0.091206856071949, -0.058365803211927414, -0.039201077073812485, 0.11226242035627365, 0.01784449629485607, 0.020836511626839638, -0.0015700149815529585, 0.007789549417793751, 0.0456148162484169, -0.010531489737331867, 0.001353979459963739, 0.08746639639139175, 0.0190...