id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 78
values | context stringclasses 312
values | question stringlengths 13 180 | answers dict | embedding listlengths 384 384 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0a8 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | What does AAAD stand for? | {
"text": [
"All-Arms Air Defence"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | [
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570da4f7df2f5219002ed0a9 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | What does GBAD stand for? | {
"text": [
"Ground Based AD"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} | [
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570da4f7df2f5219002ed0aa | Anti-aircraft_warfare | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | What does SHORAD stand for? | {
"text": [
"Short Range AD"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} | [
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570da4f7df2f5219002ed0ab | Anti-aircraft_warfare | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | What does MANPADS stand for? | {
"text": [
"Man Portable AD Systems"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} | [
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570da4f7df2f5219002ed0ac | Anti-aircraft_warfare | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th... | What does SAGW stand for? | {
"text": [
"Surface to Air Guided Weapon"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} | [
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570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b2 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Throughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from the 1930s on, as with equipment... | What was one of the quickest areas to evolve in military technology in the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | [
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570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b3 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Throughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from the 1930s on, as with equipment... | The evolution of air defence was in answer to the evolution of what? | {
"text": [
"aircraft"
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133
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570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b4 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Throughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from the 1930s on, as with equipment... | In addition to radar and computing, what else did air defence want to exploit? | {
"text": [
"guided missiles"
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208
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570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b5 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Throughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from the 1930s on, as with equipment... | In addition to sensors and technical fire control, and weapons, what else did air defence evolution cover? | {
"text": [
"command and control"
],
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431
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570da669df2f5219002ed0ba | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | How are batteries typically grouped? | {
"text": [
"into battalions"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | [
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570da669df2f5219002ed0bb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | What type of battalion is normally tasked to a manoeuvre division in the field army? | {
"text": [
"light gun or SHORAD"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | [
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570da669df2f5219002ed0bc | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | Which military section could have a full military structure? | {
"text": [
"Homeland air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} | [
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570da669df2f5219002ed0bd | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | Who commanded the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command? | {
"text": [
"a full British Army general"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | [
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570da669df2f5219002ed0be | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. F... | How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command? | {
"text": [
"three AA corps"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} | [
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570da764df2f5219002ed0c4 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3... | Air attacks headed by Germany increased in 1915 in what area? | {
"text": [
"the British Isles"
],
"answer_start": [
22
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} | [
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570da764df2f5219002ed0c5 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3... | Who was tasked with the job to make improvements to the AA as a result of the German attacks? | {
"text": [
"Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott"
],
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116
]
} | [
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570da764df2f5219002ed0c6 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3... | What was used because of night attacks? | {
"text": [
"searchlights"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | [
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570da764df2f5219002ed0c7 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3... | How many AA Sections were defending Britain by December 1916? | {
"text": [
"183"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} | [
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570da764df2f5219002ed0c8 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3... | How many AA Sections were with the BEF in France during the same time? | {
"text": [
"74"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} | [
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0.02188297... |
570daddb16d0071400510cb3 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then mo... | What did advanced ally technology showcase it could defend against? | {
"text": [
"German V-1 cruise missiles"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | [
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570daddb16d0071400510cb4 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then mo... | Where did the US Army's 419th and 601st locate at to defend London? | {
"text": [
"Folkestone-Dover coast"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} | [
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570daddb16d0071400510cb5 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then mo... | Where did the US Army 419th and 601st relocate to as part of the Antwerp X project? | {
"text": [
"Belgium"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} | [
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570daddb16d0071400510cb6 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then mo... | What city got attacked by more V-1 and V-2 missiles than any other? | {
"text": [
"Antwerp"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} | [
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570daddb16d0071400510cb7 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then mo... | What acquired and automatically tracked incoming targets? | {
"text": [
"SCR-584 radar"
],
"answer_start": [
745
]
} | [
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570d9730df2f5219002ecff0 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia? | {
"text": [
"significant landmass"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | [
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570d9730df2f5219002ecff1 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia? | {
"text": [
"Matthew Flinders"
],
"answer_start": [
288
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570d9730df2f5219002ecff2 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia? | {
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570d9730df2f5219002ecff3 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | When did Flinders write his book of discovery? | {
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570d9730df2f5219002ecff4 | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What event caused people to misname Antarctica? | {
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5ad23a42d7d075001a42884c | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What land mass was named after after Australia? | {
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5ad23a42d7d075001a42884d | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What land mass was believed to be further south than Australia? | {
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5ad23a42d7d075001a42884e | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? | {
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5ad23a42d7d075001a42884f | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What book did Matthew Flinders write in the 18th century? | {
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5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1a | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What continent was given the name Australis Terra? | {
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5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1b | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What was Flinder Matthews credited with? | {
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5ad2a888d7d075001a429e1c | Antarctica | Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular,... | What book did Flinders write in 1841? | {
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570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd3 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | Where was the coldest temperature recorded on Earth? | {
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570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd4 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What was the coldest temperature ever recorded? | {
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570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd5 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | On what date was the Earth's coldest temperature recorded? | {
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570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd6 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What is Antarctica topographically ? | {
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570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd7 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What light caused condition is a serious problem for humans in Antarctica? | {
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5ad25a9ed7d075001a428e3a | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What is the coldest temerature recorded in Russia? | {
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5ad25a9ed7d075001a428e3b | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What recieves less than 10 cm of rain per year? | {
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5ad25a9ed7d075001a428e3c | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What relflects most of the light falling on it? | {
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5ad2b9cdd7d075001a42a05c | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What temperature was recorded in Russia on 21 July 1983? | {
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5ad2b9cdd7d075001a42a05d | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What does CO2 make up 0.39% of? | {
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5ad2b9cdd7d075001a42a05e | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What be produced in Antarctica with temperatures less than -150°F | {
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5ad2b9cdd7d075001a42a05f | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What receives 10 inches of precipitation on average? | {
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570dedb80dc6ce1900204d1b | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | In what do some scientists believe ozone depletion may have a role ? | {
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570dedb80dc6ce1900204d1c | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What light does ozone absorb? | {
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570dedb80dc6ce1900204d1d | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica? | {
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570dedb80dc6ce1900204d1e | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What can the wind changes due to cooling cause in the Antarctic ice? | {
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570dedb80dc6ce1900204d1f | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere? | {
"text": [
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802
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5ad2dc64d7d075001a42a51e | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What has played a dominant role in the climate change in Antarctica? | {
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5ad2dc64d7d075001a42a51f | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What can cause a cooling of around 6°C in the local air? | {
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5ad2dc64d7d075001a42a520 | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What is a pole vortex? | {
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5ad2dc64d7d075001a42a521 | Antarctica | Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the loca... | What enhanced the pole vortex? | {
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570e06f60dc6ce1900204d8d | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | Where in Antarctica has warming been noticed? | {
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570e06f60dc6ce1900204d8e | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | How much has west Antarctica warmed per decade in the last 5o years? | {
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570e06f60dc6ce1900204d8f | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What do some researchers believe to be that cause of this warming? | {
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570e06f60dc6ce1900204d90 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What is thought to be the cause of glacier outflow? | {
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570e06f60dc6ce1900204d91 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What is the thinking of the cause of the Antarctic Peninsula sea level. | {
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5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b0 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | Who published a 2007 study? | {
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5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b1 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What has been the temperature trend of Antarctica per decade from 1959 to 2006? | {
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5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b2 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What did the study note about the temperatures in East Antarctica? | {
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5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b3 | Antarctica | Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0.05 °C (0.09 °F) per decade from 1957 to 2006.... | What has the warming in East Antarctica been offset by in West Antarctica? | {
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570e1f340dc6ce1900204dc9 | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | What group of scientists study tectonics? | {
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570e1f340dc6ce1900204dca | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice? | {
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570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcb | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans? | {
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570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcc | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space? | {
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851
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570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcd | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth? | {
"text": [
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5ad2d28ed7d075001a42a388 | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | What do astrophysicists at the Scott-Aumundsen South Pole Station study? | {
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5ad2d28ed7d075001a42a389 | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | What was built 2 mi below the Amundsen-Scott station? | {
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5ad2d28ed7d075001a42a38a | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | Why are astronomical observations better made from most surface locations? | {
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5ad2d28ed7d075001a42a38b | Antarctica | Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the hi... | What does the 2 mile ice serve as for the telescope? | {
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5710dd62a58dae1900cd6afc | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of what? | {
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5710dd62a58dae1900cd6afd | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Who discovered carbon dioxide or fixed air? | {
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5710dd62a58dae1900cd6afe | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Who created the argument for deep time? | {
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5710dd62a58dae1900cd6aff | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Who invented the steam engine? | {
"text": [
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5710dd62a58dae1900cd6b00 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Who launched the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon in November 1783? | {
"text": [
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653
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5725c30f38643c19005acc75 | Israel | Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy d... | What kind of climate does Tel Aviv have? | {
"text": [
"Mediterranean"
],
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133
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} | [
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5725c30f38643c19005acc76 | Israel | Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy d... | What kind of climate does Arava have? | {
"text": [
"desert"
],
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400
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5725c30f38643c19005acc77 | Israel | Temperatures in Israel vary widely, especially during the winter. Coastal areas, such as those of Tel Aviv and Haifa, have a typical Mediterranean climate with cool, rainy winters and long, hot summers. The area of Beersheba and the Northern Negev has a semi-arid climate with hot summers, cool winters and fewer rainy d... | What was the highest recorded temperature in Tirat Zvi? | {
"text": [
"54.0 °C"
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536
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5725cc8b38643c19005acd2f | Israel | The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its m... | The military relies on what? | {
"text": [
"high-tech weapons systems"
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40
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} | [
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5725cc8b38643c19005acd30 | Israel | The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its m... | What is one of the most crucial weapons in Israel's military history? | {
"text": [
"Python air-to-air missile series"
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227
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5725cc8b38643c19005acd31 | Israel | The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in Israel as well as some foreign imports. The Arrow missile is one of the world's few operational anti-ballistic missile systems. The Python air-to-air missile series is often considered one of the most crucial weapons in its m... | The success of what program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching satellites? | {
"text": [
"Ofeq"
],
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728
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5725d003271a42140099d22f | Israel | The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit i... | What coordinates with all Israeli space research programs? | {
"text": [
"Israeli Space Agency"
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4
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5725d003271a42140099d230 | Israel | The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit i... | Futron's Space Competitiveness Index ranked Israel what in 2012? | {
"text": [
"ninth in the world"
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137
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5725d003271a42140099d231 | Israel | The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit i... | When did Israel launch it's first satellite? | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
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438
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} | [
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57261cc4271a42140099d48d | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | What was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity? | {
"text": [
"Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres"
],
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244
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} | [
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57261cc4271a42140099d48e | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | Who invented the Polybolos? | {
"text": [
"Dionysios of Alexandria"
],
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442
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} | [
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57261cc4271a42140099d48f | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | What type of weapon is the Polybolos? | {
"text": [
"ballista"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} | [
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57261cc4271a42140099d490 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower? | {
"text": [
"160 ton"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} | [
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57261cc4271a42140099d491 | Hellenistic_period | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes? | {
"text": [
"12-month"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} | [
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572663205951b619008f712b | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005? | {
"text": [
"European Space Agency (ESA)"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} | [
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572663205951b619008f712c | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year? | {
"text": [
"1994"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} | [
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572663205951b619008f712d | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | When did /Greece apply for ESA membership? | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
534
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} | [
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572663205951b619008f712e | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | Greece is ranked as what member of ESA? | {
"text": [
"sixteenth"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} | [
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572663205951b619008f712f | Greece | Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) si... | Greece became a full ESA member when? | {
"text": [
"16 March 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} | [
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57262d01ec44d21400f3dba3 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | On 20 May 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's final investment decision for the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility was finalized following the discovery of the remote offshore Prelude field—located off Australia's northwestern coast and estimated to contain about 3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas equ... | The final investment decision for what was finalized by Royal Dutch Shell in May 2011? | {
"text": [
"the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | [
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0.0... |
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