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What does A1C measure? | Glycated proteins, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or glycated albumin (GA) in the blood, are essential indicators of glycemic control for diabetes mellitus. | BACKGROUND: It has been established that careful diabetes self-management is
essential in avoiding chronic complications that compromise health. Disciplined
diet control and regular exercise are the keys for the type 2 diabetes
self-management. An ability to maintain one's blood glucose at a relatively flat
level, ... |
Down's syndrome occurs when an individual has an extra copy or part of a copy of chromosome 21, yes or no? | Yes, Downs syndrome is caused by a duplication or all or part of chromosome 21. | Down syndrome (DS) is a major cause of mental retardation and heart disease.
Although it is usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, a
subset of the diagnostic features may be caused by the presence of only band
21q22. We now present evidence that significantly narrows the chromosomal region
respon... |
What is craniosynostosis? | Craniosynostosis is a result of premature fusion of cranial sutures, leading to alterations of the pattern of cranial growth, resulting in abnormal shape of the head and dysmorphic facial features. | Premature closure of cranial sutures (primary craniosynostosis) in children
leads to characteristic skull deformities and prevents the constricted brain
from growing normally. Although the cause remains unknown, several etiological
factors have been cited. Recently, hypovascularity has been reported as a
possible c... |
Which method has been developed for assignment of enhancers to target genes? | While genomic assays can identify putative enhancers en masse, assigning target genes is a complex challenge. McEnhancer is a machine learning approach, which links target genes to putative enhancers via a semi-supervised learning algorithm that predicts gene expression patterns based on enriched sequence features. Pre... | |
Describe Click-PEGylation | One approach that can facilitate a targeted assessment of candidate proteins, as well as proteins that are low in abundance or proteomically challenging, is by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Redox-modified cysteine residues are selectively tagged with a large group, such as a polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer, ... | The redox state of cysteine thiols is critical for protein function. Whereas
cysteines play an important role in the maintece of protein structure through
the formation of internal disulfides, their nucleophilic thiol groups can become
oxidatively modified in response to diverse redox challenges and thereby
functio... |
A SLEDAI score is associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. What is a SLEDAI score? | Disease activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis was evaluated according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score which score disease activity based on a number of parameters. | OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity
Index (SLEDAI) scores correlate with the clinician's impression of level of
disease activity.
METHODS: In total, 230 patients with SLE followed at the University of Toronto
Lupus Clinic who had 5 visits 3 months apart in 1992-93 were studi... |
What disease is the ALK tyrosine kinase associated with? | The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and many kinds of ALK fusion genes have been found in a variety of carcinomas | The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fuses to the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene
as a result of a (2;5) translocation associated with a subtype of human lymphoma
(initially designated anaplastic large cell lymphoma [ALCL] or
Ki-1/CD30-positive lymphoma). The immunocytochemical detection of NPM-ALK (and
proteins enco... |
CURB65 score is used for stratification of which disease? | CURB65 (confusion, urea, respiration, blood pressure; age>65 years) is used for assessment of pneumonia severity. | BACKGROUND: The performance of CURB65 in predicting mortality in
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been tested in two large observational
studies. However, it has not been tested against generic sepsis and early
warning scores, which are increasingly being advocated for identification of
high-risk patients in ... |
Which resource has been developed in order to study the transcriptional regulation of GABAergic cell fate? | Subpallial Enhancer Transgenic Lines is a data and tool resource to study transcriptional regulation of GABAergic cell fate. | Author information:
(1)Department of Psychiatry, Program in Neuroscience, Rock Hall, University of
California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA.
(2)Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
(3)Department of Function... |
Is creatinine assessment included in the MELD score? | Yes, creatinine is included in the Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Other components of the MELD score are international normalized ratio and serum billirubin. The MELD score is used for evaluation of liver cirrhosis. | BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is a useful tool
to assess prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients. However, its
short-term prognostic superiority over the traditional Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP)
score has not been definitely confirmed. The creatinine serum level is an
important ... |
List the two most important synaptic markers. | postsynaptic density 95
synaptophysin | Cannabis use has been frequently associated with sex-dependent effects on brain
and behavior. We previously demonstrated that adult female rats exposed to
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during adolescence develop long-term
alterations in cognitive performances and emotional reactivity, whereas
preliminary evide... |
What is a SERM? | A SERM is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator. | Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) act exclusively through estrogen
receptors and possess tissue-specific agonistic or antagonistic properties. The
effects of all referred SERMs in bone and cardiovascular system are estrogenic,
namely they inhibit postmenopausal bone loss and favorably influence plasma
... |
Is celiac disease caused by gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events ? | Celiac disease is caused by gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events following ingestion of dietary gluten. | Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) modifies proteins and peptides by transamidation
or deamidation of specific glutamine residues. TG2 also has a central role in
the pathogenesis of celiac disease. The enzyme is both the target of
disease-specific autoantibodies and generates deamidated gliadin peptides
recognized by in... |
Which resource contains accurate enhancer predictions in the developing limb? | Limb-Enhancer Genie (LEG) is a collection of highly accurate, genome-wide predictions of enhancers in the developing limb, available through a user-friendly online interface. Limb enhancers are predicted using a combination of >50 published limb-specific datasets and clusters of evolutionarily conserved transcription f... | |
What is the first line treatment for sarcoidosis? | Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that affects numerous organs, commonly manifesting at the lungs and skin. Corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment. | Sarcoidosis is still a mysterious disease since we don't know exactly what is
the cause. Interestingly some patients get cured without any treatment. There is
still a controversy about the indications of treatment in sarcoidosis. This
article is an update on pharmacologic treatment in sarcoidosis. Corticosteroids
a... |
Which personality disorder is treated using dialectical behavior therapy? | Dialectical behavior therapy is an evidence-based psychosocial treatment with efficacy in reducing self-harm behaviors in borderline personality disorder. | M. Linehan developed "dialectical behavioral therapy" specifically to treat
chronically suicidal borderline patients. It rests on a biosocial model that
assumes a disorder in the regulation of emotions and in tolerance of stress. The
numerous dysfunctional patterns of behavior such as self-destructive behavior,
ina... |
What cellular process are okazaki fragments associated with? | Okazaki fragments are involved in DNA replication | Cytarabine is a potent anticancer drug that interferes with elongation of the
lagging strand at the replication fork during DNA synthesis. The effects of
cytarabine substitution on the structural and thermodynamic properties of a
model Okazaki fragment were investigated using UV hyperchromicity and 1H NMR
spectrosc... |
Does wheat belongs to the genus Avena, yes or no? | oat seedlings (Avena sativa) | Gravitropism of oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
coleoptiles was investigated in relation to the displacement angle or to the
initially set stimulation angle (SA). We measured curvature rates at the early
phase of curvature, before it was affected by the drop in SA resulting from the
curvature... |
Clue cells are characteristics to which causative bacteria of vaginitis? | Clue cells are characteristic to Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis). Depopulation of lactobacilli from the normal vaginal flora and overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic species are the presumed etiology. The diagnosis is confirmed when at least three of the following four findings ... | The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of Mycoplasma
hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from three populations of women and also to
relate the presence of these microorganisms with some indicators of nonspecific
vaginitis. Three hundred vaginal swabs were taken from delivery, pregt and
contr... |
What is included in the fourth generation HIV test? | Fourth generation assays detect simultaneously antibodies for HIV and the p24 antigen. It identifies HIV infection earlier than previous generation tests. | BACKGROUND: The routine HIV screening essentially depends on the detection of
HIV specific antibodies. However, HIV p24 antigen can be detected in individuals
with recent HIV infection about 2-18 days prior to seroconversion. New fourth
generation HIV screening assays combine the detection of anti-HIV antibodies
wi... |
Which disease is diagnosed using the Finkelstein's test? | Finkelstein's test is the classic diagnostic test for de Quervain's disease. | This short paper demonstrates that the Finkelstein's test in De Quervain's
tenosynovitis is based on an incorrect assumption. The correct basis for a
pathognomic manoeuvre in De Quervain is the provocation of tendons attrition of
the first wrist dorsal compartment against their pulley which elicits pain. The
Brunel... |
For which type of cancer can uc.189 be used as a potential prognostic biomarker? | ESCC | |
Does Uc.160 promote cancer? | No. Uc.160+ is a T-UCR reported to be downregulated in human cancer. In addition, Uc.160+ could possibly have a tumor suppressive role in gastric cancer. | BACKGROUND: Transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a novel class of
noncoding RNAs that are highly conserved among the orthologous regions in most
vertebrates. It has been reported that T-UCRs have distinct signatures in human
cancers. We previously discovered the downregulation of T-UCR expression in
gast... |
What causes Black Lung? | Black lung, also known as pneumoconiosis, is caused by chronic exposure to coal dust. | Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a preventable occupational disorder of the
respiratory system resulting from exposure to and retention of respirable coal
dust. It exists in two distinguishable forms: simple, which is seldom if ever
disabling, and complicated, also known as progressive massive fibrosis (PMF),
which ... |
List four principles of medical ethics. | The four principles of medical ethics proposed by Beauchamp and Childress are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. They have been extremely influential in the field of medical ethics, and are fundamental for understanding the current approach to ethical assessment in health care. | Paid egg sharing occurs when infertile patients receive infertility treatment
free or at reduced cost in exchange for sharing some of their eggs with patients
who require donated eggs. This approach to treatment is discussed in the context
of the four principles of medical ethics, namely respect for autonomy, justic... |
Which package in Bioconductor has been developed with the aim to analyze differential DNA loops from sequencing data? | Diffloop is an R/Bioconductor package that provides a suite of functions for the quality control, statistical testing, annotation, and visualization of DNA loops. | SUMMARY: The 3D architecture of DNA within the nucleus is a key determit of
interactions between genes, regulatory elements, and transcriptional machinery.
As a result, differences in DNA looping structure are associated with variation
in gene expression and cell state. To systematically assess changes in DNA
loopi... |
Which disease can be diagnosed with the "probe to bone" test? | Probe-to-bone test is used for the diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. The test has good sensitivity and specificity. Other diagnostic tests of diabetic foot osteomyelitis are plain films and magnetic resonance imaging. | OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the accuracy of the probe-to-bone (PTB) test in
diagnosing foot osteomyelitis in a cohort of diabetic patients with bone culture
proven disease.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 2-year longitudinal cohort study, we
enrolled 1,666 consecutive diabetic individuals who underwent an in... |
Can doxycycline cause photosensitivity? | Yes, one of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity. Clinical symptoms vary from light sunburn-like sensation (burning, erythema) to large-area photodermatitis. | Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is an uncommon, eczematous photosensitive
eruption affecting predomitly elderly men and to which drug-induced
photosensitivity may sometimes appear clinically identical. This retrospective
study compares the monochromatic irradiation results in 11 patients with CAD and
14 patients w... |
What body process does the Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cell control? | Dentate gyrus mossy cells control spontaneous convulsive seizures and cognition | Recent experimental and modeling results demonstrated that surviving mossy cells
in the dentate gyrus play key roles in the generation of network
hyperexcitability. Here we examined if mossy cells exhibit long-term plasticity
in the posttraumatic, hyperexcitable dentate gyrus. Mossy cells 1 wk after fluid
percussio... |
Which ligament is most commonly injured in dashboard injury? | Posterior cruciate ligament injuries have a reported incidence of between 3 and 37%, depending on the clinical setting. The most common mechanism of injury in motor vehicle accidents is a dashboard injury or direct force to the proximal anterior tibia. | The literature is divided as to the necessity of an intact posterior cruciate
ligament for functional stability. Presented here is a prospective study of
isolated posterior cruciate injuries seen in the acute stage in 13 patients, 6
males and 7 females. The diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament tear was made
cli... |
What is the normal body temperature in dogs? | According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), a temperature of 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 to 39.2 degrees Celsius) is typical for dogs | OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of obtaining body temperatures in dogs with a
noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT) on the cornea compared with a rectal
digital thermometer (RDT).
DESIGN: Prospective single center study.
SETTING: University teaching hospital.
ANIMALS: Three hundred dogs presented with low, normal,... |
List symptoms of Heerfordt syndrome. | Heerfordt syndrome (also known as Heerfordt-Waldenström or uveoparotid fever) is a rare presentation of sarcoidosis characterized by the presence of parotid gland enlargement, facial palsy, anterior uveitis, and fever. | Heerfordt syndrome is an unusual manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis and is
characterized by parotitis, uveitis, and facial nerve paralysis. A case is
presented and the clinical manifestations are discussed. Angiotensin converting
enzyme assays along with tissue biopsy demonstrating noncaseating granulomas
confir... |
In quadruped mammals, what bones make up the stifle? | In quadruped mammals, the stifle is composed of 3 bones, the femur, the tibia and the patella. | BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the normal appearance of
the bony and soft tissue structures of the stifle joint of a Bengal tiger
(Panthera tigris) by low-field magnetic resoce imaging (MRI), and the use of
gross anatomical dissections performed as anatomical reference. A cadaver of a
mature ... |
Are paralog genes co-regulated? | Paralog genes arise from gene duplication events during evolution, which often lead to similar proteins that cooperate in common pathways and in protein complexes. Consequently, paralogs show correlation in gene expression. | The expression of zebrafish hoxb3a and hoxb4a has been found to be mediated
through five transcripts, hoxb3a transcripts I-III and hoxb4a transcripts I-II,
driven by four promoters. A "master" promoter, located about 2 kb downstream of
hoxb5a, controls transcription of a pre-mRNA comprising exon sequences of both
g... |
List 2 approved drug treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). | Patients with IBD, inflammtory Bowel Disease can be treated with steroids, or 2 approved biosimilar drugs infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) | The introduction of infliximab into clinical practice is one of the most
significant advances in the care of patients who have IBD. Infliximab has become
an important part of the medical armamentarium to treat extraintestinal
manifestations that often are refractory to other medications and are a
significant cause ... |
Which tool exists for microsatellite (SSR) loci detection and primer design? | Microsatellites are genomic sequences comprised of tandem repeats of short nucleotide motifs widely used as molecular markers in population genetics. FullSSR is a new bioinformatic tool for microsatellite (SSR) loci detection and primer design using genomic data from NGS assay. | |
Name curated data resources for ChIP-seq data | The MGA repository, Cistrome Data Browser and CR Cistrome are curated data resources for ChIP-seq data. | Transcription and chromatin regulators, and histone modifications play essential
roles in gene expression regulation. We have created CistromeMap as a web server
to provide a comprehensive knowledgebase of all of the publicly available
ChIP-Seq and DNase-Seq data in mouse and human. We have also manually curated
me... |
Treatment of which disease was studied in the Gore REDUCE Clinical Study? | The Gore REDUCE Clinical Study studied superiority of patent foramen ovale closure in conjunction with antiplatelet therapy over antiplatelet therapy alone in reducing the risk of recurrent clinical ischemic stroke or new silent brain infarct in patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke. | Collaborators: Volpi J, Bledsoe D, Chiu D, Guthikonda S, Imperial-Aubin D,
Kleiman N, Lin CH, Ling J, Moye S, Rizzo R, Mcintyre P, Nayre C, Wiese J,
Tenorio J, Ajike R, Tindel M, Bajwa T, Allaqaband S, Khitha J, Saxena V, Khatri
B, Bennett M, Schmidt W, Seaton D, Lobacz D, Waller D, Kavinsky C, Amin Z, Chen
M, Conn... |
Which comparisons demonstrate the applicability of StereoGene in regulatory genomics? | StereoGene rapidly estimates genome-wide correlation among pairs of genomic features. These features may represent high-throughput data mapped to reference genome or sets of genomic annotations in that reference genome. StereoGene enables correlation of continuous data directly, avoiding the data binarization and subse... | MOTIVATION: Genomics features with similar genome-wide distributions are
generally hypothesized to be functionally related, for example, colocalization
of histones and transcription start sites indicate chromatin regulation of
transcription factor activity. Therefore, statistical algorithms to perform
spatial, geno... |
What is the aim of the 4D nucleome project? | The 4D Nucleome Network aims to develop and apply approaches to map the structure and dynamics of the human and mouse genomes in space and time with the goal of gaining deeper mechanistic insights into how the nucleus is organized and functions. The project will develop and benchmark experimental and computational appr... | Author information:
(1)Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
(2)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign, Illino... |
List symptoms of the Zieve's syndrome. | Zieve's syndrome, characterized by jaundice, hyperlipidaemia and haemolytic anaemia. It usually develops in young, chronically alcoholic subjects with enlarged fatty liver. It may rarely occur with intracranial haemorrhage. | The Zieve's syndrome consists of the transient association of cholestatic
jaundice, hemolytic anemia, hyperlipemia, in a chronic alcoholic. The Authors,
after a short introduction regarding physiopathological problems, describe and
subsequently examine on the clinical ground a recent personal observation, which
had... |
What is the link between psoriatic arthritis and depression | Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis among Patients with Psoriasis. | Psoriasis is a chronic, genetic, inflammatory skin disease affecting
approximately 2% of the population worldwide. Over the past decade, multiple
studies have shown that not only is there an association between psoriasis and
psoriatic arthritis, depression, and substance abuse, but psoriasis patients
also have a hi... |
Is polyadenylation a process that stabilizes a protein by adding a string of Adenosine residues to the end of the molecule? | No, polyadenylation is a process that stabilizes mRNA by adding up to 200 adenosine residues to the 3' end of the trabscript | A 104 nucleotide-long small RNA, referred to as s-poly A+ RNA, containing 30
adenosine residues on its 3' -end was found in dinoflagellates, purified and its
nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequence is: (sequence text) The
polyadenylation signal AAUAAA was not found in this RNA; this result indicates
that t... |
Which cancers compose Carney's triad? | Carney's triad is a rare pathogenic entity which consists of 3 rare soft tissue tumors: gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma and extraadrenal paraganglioma. It is usually diagnosed in young women. The presence of three tumors at the same time is not required for its diagnosis (incomplete Carney's Triad). | We communicate a case with the Carney triad (gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary
chondromatosis and extra-adrenal paraganglioma). It is, to our knowledge, the
first case to be communicated in the Spanish scientific literature. We discuss
some peculiar aspects of the debut and clinical evolution of this syndrome,
toge... |
What is the preDIVA clinical trial? | The preDIVA trial (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care) was an open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial in community-dwelling individuals aged 70 to 78 years. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an
increased risk of dementia. Treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia
is associated with a decrease in incident dementia. Whether interventions aimed
at cardiovascular risk factors in late life also reduce dementia risk is
unknown. ... |
What effect does azeliragon have on RAGE? | Azeliragon is an inhibitor of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). | Currently available drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) target cholinergic
and glutamatergic neurotransmissions without affecting the underlying disease
process. Putative disease-modifying drugs are in development and target
β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and tau protein, the principal neurophatological
hallmarks of the... |
What is the drug forxiga used for? | Dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) is the first in a novel class of glucose-lowering agents known as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and is used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. | In the UK, diabetes mellitus affects around 3 million people, of whom over 90%
have type 2 diabetes. Aims of treatment include minimising long-term
complications (e.g. cardiovascular disease, blindness, chronic kidney disease,
premature mortality) and avoiding unwanted effects of treatment (e.g. severe
hypoglycaemi... |
What is the most common feature of the Doege–Potter syndrome? | Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by hypoglycemia secondary to a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. | Syndrome Doege-Potter is a paraneoplastic syndrome in which hypoglycemia is the
result of tumors producing insulin growth factor-like (IGF-II) it is most often
solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (TFSP). These are rare and may be
discovered incidentally, during non-specific respiratory symptoms or during
hypoglyce... |
Milwaukee protocol was tested for treatment of which disease? | The Milwaukee protocol was tested for treatment of rabies. Therapies suggested in the Milwaukee protocol include therapeutic coma, ketamine infusion, amantadine, and the screening/prophylaxis/management of cerebral vasospasm. The Milwaukee Protocol has proved to be ineffective for rabies and should no longer be used. | On April 26, 2007, a patient from Alberta, Canada, died after 9 weeks in an
intensive care unit (ICU) from encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant
associated with silver-haired bats. This report summarizes the clinical course
of disease in that patient, who was treated using the Milwaukee Protocol, an
experim... |
Are stress granules membraneous? | Stress granules (SG) are membrane-less compartments involved in regulating mRNAs during stress. | Cells are highly organized structures. In addition to membrane delimited
organelles, proteins and RNAs can organize themselves into specific domains.
Some examples include stress granules and subnuclear bodies. This level of
organization is essential for the correct execution of multiple processes in the
cell, rang... |
When is 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing used? | Taxonomic characterization is performed by genotypic approaches such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. | Soil complexity, heterogeneity and transferability make it valuable in forensic
investigations to help obtain clues as to the origin of an unknown sample, or to
compare samples from a suspect or object with samples collected at a crime
scene. In a few countries, soil analysis is used in matters from site
verificati... |
What does intepirdine target? | Intepiridine is a 5-HT6 antagonist. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neuropsychiatric disorder affecting more
than 5 million Americans over age 65. By the year 2050, AD is expected to affect
over 30 million. Characterized by neuronal cell death accompanied by the
accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, AD results in
devastati... |
Is the consumption of chocolate associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease? | The consumption of natural polyphenol-rich foods, and cocoa in particular, has been related to a reduced risk of CVD, including coronary heart disease and stroke. | Traditional chocolate is derived from the cocoa bean, which is one of the most
concentrated sources of flavanols, a subgroup of the natural antioxidant plant
compounds called flavonoids. Accumulating evidence from the past 10 years
demonstrates that moderate consumption of chocolate, especially dark chocolate,
may ... |
What is the association of circular RNA to breast cancer? | circRNAs are differentially expressed in breast cancer and are important in carcinogenesis because they participate in cancer-related pathways and sequester miRNAs. circRNA frequency may be a marker for cell proliferation in breast cancer. | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable forms of non-coding RNAs with diverse
biological functions. They are implicated in modulation of gene expression thus
affecting various cellular and disease processes. Based on existing
bioinformatics approaches, we developed a comprehensive workflow called Circ-Seq
to ide... |
List 3 symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy. | Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency, and clinically characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and acute confusion. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wernicke encephalopathy is a severe neurologic disorder
that results from a dietary vitamin B1 deficiency. It is characterized by
changes in consciousness, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. This study was
undertaken to analyze and compare findings on MR imaging and neurologic symptoms
at cli... |
Describe RIblast | LncRNAs play important roles in various biological processes. Although more than 58 000 human lncRNA genes have been discovered, most known lncRNAs are still poorly characterized. One approach to understanding the functions of lncRNAs is the detection of the interacting RNA target of each lncRNA. Because experimental d... | MOTIVATION: LncRNAs play important roles in various biological processes.
Although more than 58 000 human lncRNA genes have been discovered, most known
lncRNAs are still poorly characterized. One approach to understanding the
functions of lncRNAs is the detection of the interacting RNA target of each
lncRNA. Becaus... |
What is Alzheimers disease resilience? | Some 30 to 50% of older individuals who harbor AD pathology do not become symptomatic in their lifetime. It is hypothesized that such individuals exhibit cognitive resilience that protects against AD dementia. | OBJECTIVE: To define robust resilience metrics by leveraging CSF biomarkers of
Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology within a latent variable framework and to
demonstrate the ability of such metrics to predict slower rates of cognitive
decline and protection against diagnostic conversion.
METHODS: Participants with norma... |
Which R package has been developed for analyzing Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data? | Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal aneuploidy using cell-free fetal DNA is becoming part of routine clinical practice. RAPIDR (Reliable Accurate Prenatal non-Invasive Diagnosis R package) is an easy-to-use open-source R package that implements several published NIPT analysis methods. The input to RAPIDR is a... | Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal aneuploidy using cell-free fetal
DNA is becoming part of routine clinical practice. RAPIDR (Reliable Accurate
Prenatal non-Invasive Diagnosis R package) is an easy-to-use open-source R
package that implements several published NIPT analysis methods. The input to
RAPIDR ... |
Is the gene CDKN2A nevogenic? | Yes, CDKN2A is nevogenic | Acneform lesions strictly confined to a Becker's nevus were observed in a
18-year-old man. Histologically, a granulomatous folliculitis with partial
destruction of the epithelial root sheath and follicular cysts with focal
penetration of keratin into the surrounding dermis were present, ruling out acne
vulgaris. Th... |
Are there ways of joint Bayesian inference of risk variants? | Yes. RiVIERA (Risk Variant Inference using Epigenomic Reference Annotations) is a Bayesian model for inference of driver variants from summary statistics across multiple traits using hundreds of epigenomic annotations. | Genome wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful approach for
uncovering disease-associated variants in human, but fine-mapping the causal
variants remains a challenge. This is partly remedied by prioritization of
disease-associated variants that overlap GWAS-enriched epigenomic annotations.
Here, we intro... |
Describe Achenbach’s syndrome. | Achenbach’s syndrome is Paroxysmal finger haematoma. It is benign condition resulting in the sudden appearance of bruising on one or more fingers, either spontaneously or after minimal trauma, and resolving without treatment.It can be differentiated from other pathologies by clinical spectrum, patient demographics and ... | Paroxysmal haematoma of the fingers (Achenbach's syndrome) is a rarely reported
entity. It often occurs spontaneously or subsequent to minor injuries. Because
of the sudden onset of intense burning pain and the subsequent development of
haematoma, the patients are frequently alarmed. The etiology is still unknown.
... |
Has intepirdine been evaluated in clinical trials? (November 2017) | Yes, intepirdine was in Phase III clinical trials in November 2017. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of senile dementia, characterized by
progressive memory and neuronal loss combined with cognitive impairment. AD is
the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting one-fifth of
those aged over 85 years. Recent therapeutic approaches have been strongly
influenc... |
Is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis caused by the Measles vaccine? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by the Measles and can be prevented by the measles vaccine. | Two hundred and ninety cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
registered in England and Wales from 1970 to 1989 were followed at 6-monthly
intervals. Male to female ratio was 2.8:1. Age at onset increased significantly
over the period. Measles was recorded for 81% of cases; in nearly half this had
occu... |
What is host induced gene silencing? | Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is a transgenic technology used to silence fungal genes in planta during attempted infection and thereby reduces disease levels. HIGS relies on the host plant's ability to produce mobile small interfering RNA molecules, generated from long double-stranded RNA, which are complementary ... | Fusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen of cereals worldwide, causing
seedling, stem base and floral diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB).
In addition to yield and quality losses, FHB contaminates cereal grain with
mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol, which are harmful to human, animal and
ecosys... |
What is maternal spindle transfer? | Maternal spindle transfer (MST) is a cutting edge germline-altering, IVF-based embryonic technique used to prevent the maternal transmission of serious mitochondrial diseases. | In October 2015 the UK enacted legislation to permit the clinical use of two
cutting edge germline-altering, IVF-based embryonic techniques: pronuclear
transfer and maternal spindle transfer (PNT and MST). The aim is to use these
techniques to prevent the maternal transmission of serious mitochondrial
diseases. Maj... |
Does armodafinil improve fatigue of glioma patients? | No. Eight week course of armodafinil did not improve fatigue or quality of life in glioma patients undergoing radiotherapy. However, this conclusion is based on one identified clinical trial. | BACKGROUND: Fatigue is common among glioma patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT)
and impacts quality of life (QOL). We evaluated whether armodafinil, a
wakefulness-promoting medication, improves fatigue in glioma patients undergoing
RT.
METHODS: Eligibility criteria included age ≥18 years, Karnofsky performance
sta... |
What is the role of tankyrases in response to Double Strand Breaks (DSBs)? | Tankyrases promote homologous recombination and check point activation in response to DSBs. | |
Which molecules are inhibited by anticancer drug Dovitinib? | Dovitinib (TKI-258/CHIR-258) is a pan receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that targets VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and KIT. It is being widely tested for treatment of various cancers. | The multiple kinase inhibitor dovitinib is currently under clinical
investigation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the
mechanistic basis for the effects of dovitinib in HCCs. Dovitinib showed
significant antitumor activity in HCC cell lines PLC5, Hep3B, Sk-Hep1, and
Huh-7. Dovitinib downreg... |
How do circRNAs relate to tumorigenesis? | Circular RNA may promote or repress tumorigenesis. | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs widely expressed in
mammalian cells. We report here the tumorigenic capacity of a circRNA derived
from angiomotin-like1 (circ-Amotl1). Circ-Amotl1 is highly expressed in patient
tumor samples and cancer cell lines. Single-cell inoculations using
circ-Amotl1-... |
Which method is available for whole genome identification of pathogenic regulatory variants in mendelian disease? | Genomiser | Author information:
(1)Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Genomics England Ltd.,
London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
(2)Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
(3)Skarnes Faculty Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10... |
Is pregabalin effective for sciatica? | No. Treatment with pregabalin did not significantly reduce the intensity of leg pain associated with sciatica and did not significantly improve other outcomes, as compared with placebo, over the course of 8 weeks. The incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in the pregabalin group than in the placebo group... | Whilst pregabalin (PGB) and gabapentin (GBP) are both used to treat neuropathic
pain, their relative role in sciatica is unclear. Our aim was to extensively
review the roles of PGB and GBP in treating sciatica. The efficacy, side effects
(SE) profile and cost of PGB and GBP in neuropathic pain states were reviewed
... |
Can gas vesicles be detected by ultrasound? | Gas vesicles have been identified as nanoscale reporters for ultrasound. | Ultrasound is among the most widely used biomedical imaging modalities, but has
limited ability to image specific molecular targets due to the lack of suitable
oscale contrast agents. Gas vesicles-genetically encoded protein
ostructures isolated from buoyant photosynthetic microbes-have recently been
identified as ... |
In what phase of clinical trials is crenezumab? (November 2017) | Crenezumab is undergoing phase III clinical trials. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of senile dementia, characterized by
progressive memory and neuronal loss combined with cognitive impairment. AD is
the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting one-fifth of
those aged over 85 years. Recent therapeutic approaches have been strongly
influenc... |
Which sequence-based algorithm for branch point prediction has been proposed? | BPP is a sequence-based algorithm for branch point prediction. | MOTIVATION: Although high-throughput sequencing methods have been proposed to
identify splicing branch points in the human genome, these methods can only
detect a small fraction of the branch points subject to the sequencing depth,
experimental cost and the expression level of the mRNA. An accurate
computational mo... |
What organism causes scarlet fever also known as scarletina? | Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A streptococcus (group A strep), group C Streptococcus and Streptococcus hemolyticus infection. | The appearance of the "streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome" led to a growing
interest in infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group-A-streptococci).
Since 1987 some 800 cases with a lethality of 20% or more were observed.
Contrary to toxic scarlet fever the site of primary infection are the lower
respir... |
What is the BioArchive system? | A small-scale automated cryopreservation and storage system (Mini-BioArchive system) used in the banking of umbilical cord blood (UCB) units. | The limited number of progenitor stem cells in umbilical cord blood (UCB)
enforces the optimization and strict control of all the procedures involved in
its therapeutic use--ie, collection, processing, cryopreservation, thawing, and
transportation--to ensure graft potency at transplantation. For this reason,
intern... |
Which algorithm has been proposed for efficient storage of WGS variant calls? | Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data are being generated at an unprecedented rate. Analysis of WGS data requires a flexible data format to store the different types of DNA variation. Variant call format (VCF) is a general text-based format developed to store variant genotypes and their annotations. However, VCF files are... | MOTIVATION: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data are being generated at an
unprecedented rate. Analysis of WGS data requires a flexible data format to
store the different types of DNA variation. Variant call format (VCF) is a
general text-based format developed to store variant genotypes and their
annotations. Howeve... |
Is Citrobacter rodentium pathogenic? | Yes, the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, colonize the gut mucosa via attaching and effacing lesion formation and cause diarrheal diseases. | Tracking disease progression in vivo is essential for the development of
treatments against bacterial infection. Optical imaging has become a central
tool for in vivo tracking of bacterial population development and therapeutic
response. For a precise understanding of in vivo imaging results in terms of
disease mec... |
List two human monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. | Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against C. difficile toxins A and B, respectively. They were shown to decrease Clostridium difficile recurrence. Bezlotoxumab was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for Clostridium difficile recurrence. | Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) are the leading cause of
hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea and primarily involve two exotoxins, TcdA
and TcdB. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies that
neutralize the cytotoxic/cytopathic effects of TcdA and TcdB, respectively. In a
phase II clinica... |
List ribosomal biogenesis proteins. | FGF13
p53
TGFβ/Activin
PTEN
Nucleostemin
HEATR1 | The microRNA miR-504 targets TP53 mRNA encoding the p53 tumor suppressor.
miR-504 resides within the fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene, which is
overexpressed in various cancers. We report that the FGF13 locus, comprising
FGF13 and miR-504, is transcriptionally repressed by p53, defining an additional
negati... |
Which protein is regulated by Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR)? | Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR) regulates P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) by masking its histone methyl-lysine binding function. | The tumor suppressor protein p53 and the human DNA topoisomerase I (htopoI)
interact with each other, which leads to a stimulation of the catalytic activity
of htopoI. Moreover, p53 stimulates the topoisomerase I-induced recombination
repair (TIRR) reaction. However, little was known about how p53 stimulates this
t... |
Which algorithm is used for detection of long repeat expansions? | Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. For that pur... | Identifying large expansions of short tandem repeats (STRs), such as those that
cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fragile X syndrome, is challenging
for short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. A solution to this problem is
an important step toward integrating WGS into precision medicine. We develo... |
Which brain tumors does neuroligin-3 promote? | Neuroligin-3 promotes the growth of high-grade gliomas. | |
Which web resource for LIR motif-containing proteins in eukaryotes has been developed? | In the past few years it has been revealed that Atg8-interacting proteins include not only receptors but also components of the core autophagic machinery, proteins associated with vesicles and their transport, and specific proteins that are selectively degraded by autophagy. Atg8-interacting proteins contain a short li... | Atg8-family proteins are the best-studied proteins of the core autophagic
machinery. They are essential for the elongation and closure of the phagophore
into a proper autophagosome. Moreover, Atg8-family proteins are associated with
the phagophore from the initiation of the autophagic process to, or just prior
to, ... |
What is liquid liquid phase transition? | The influence of membrane-free microcompartments resulting from crowding-induced liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) on the dynamic spatial organization of FtsZ, the main component of the bacterial division machinery, has been studied using several LLPS systems. | Author information:
(1)Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research
Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL,
USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Biology Department... |
Can CD55 deficiency cause thrombosis? | Yes, loss of CD55 is associated with thrombosis in patients with Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. CD55 deficiency with hyperactivation of complement, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy (the CHAPLE syndrome) is caused by abnormal complement activation due to biallelic loss-of-function mutations i... | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disorder
characterized by a decrease or absence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol
(GPI)-anchored molecules such as CD55 and CD59 from the surface of affected
cells, resulting in intravascular hemolysis, cytopenia, and venous thrombosis. A
PNH-like phenot... |
What is the approximate size of gas vesicles? | The diameter of gas vesicles is approximately 100nm. | When observed in the electron microscope intact gas vesicles appeared as
transparent areas in whole cells of Microcylus aquaticus, whereas vesicles
collapsed by centrifugation were not discernible. Within 5 min of suspending
cells containing collapsed vesicles in growth medium, small transparent vesicles
were detec... |
Are sleep apnea and snoring associated with cardiac arrhythmias? | Evidence supports a causal association of sleep apnea with the incidence and morbidity of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke. | Cardiac arrhythmias during wakefulness and sleep in 15 patients with
sleep-induced obstructive apnea, and the effect of atropine and tracheostomy on
these arrhythmias were studied by continuous overnight Holter
electrocardiographic, respiratory and electroencephalographic recordings. Sleep
was characterized by mark... |
Are osteoclasts specialized in bone degradation? | Bone degradation is caused by osteoclasts, the normal bone-resorbing cells. | Bone degradation by osteoclasts depends on the formation of a sealing zone,
composed of an interlinked network of podosomes, which delimits the degradation
lacuna into which osteoclasts secrete acid and proteolytic enzymes. For
resorption to occur, the sealing zone must be coherent and stable for extended
periods o... |
List BET proteins. | BRD2
BRD3
BRD4
Bdf1 | Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue.
Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2), which belongs to the bromodomain and
extraterminal domain family of proteins, suppresses adipocyte differentiation.
DNA methylation is critical for several differentiation processes and possibly
in a... |
Does temsirolimus improve survival of glioblastoma patients? | No. Temsirolimus does not prolong survival of gliobalstoma patients. | PURPOSE: Loss of PTEN, which is common in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), results
in activation of the mammalian target of rapapmycin (mTOR), thereby increasing
mRNA translation of a number of key proteins required for cell-cycle
progression. CCI-779 is an inhibitor of mTOR. The primary objectives of this
study were... |
What is the proteoform? | Although proteomics has rapidly developed in the past decade, researchers are still in the early stage of exploring the world of complex proteoforms, which are protein products with various primary structure alterations resulting from gene mutations, alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, and other bio... | Proteogenomics is a research area that combines areas as proteomics and genomics
in a multi-omics setup using both mass spectrometry and high-throughput
sequencing technologies. Currently, the main goals of the field are to aid
genome annotation or to unravel the proteome complexity. Mass spectrometry based
identif... |
Are there sex differences in the transcriptome of the mouse hippocampus? | There are sex differences in the transcriptome of the developing mouse hippocampus. | |
How does neuronal activity affect neuroligin-3? | Neuronal activity-induces secretion of neuroligin-3. | Author information:
(1)Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
(2)Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:
beth.st... |
What is the role of the blood-brain barrier? | The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS). The blood–brain barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells and it allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-solub... | The physical barrier between blood and the CNS (the blood-brain barrier, the
blood-spinal cord barrier and the blood-CSF barrier) protects the CNS from both
toxic and pathogenic agents in the blood. It is now clear that disruption of the
blood-CNS barrier plays a key role in a number of CNS disorders, particularly
... |
Sclerostin regulates what process? | Sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation | The identity of the cell type responsive to sclerostin, a negative regulator of
bone mass, is unknown. Since sclerostin is expressed in vivo by mineral-embedded
osteocytes, we tested the hypothesis that sclerostin would regulate the behavior
of cells actively involved in mineralization in adult bone, the preosteocyt... |
What is PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance? | PARPi has been designed and tested for many years and became a potential supplement for the conventional chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence indicates the appearance of the resistance to this treatment. Specifically, cancer cells may acquire new mutations or events that overcome the positive effect of these drug... | Olaparib is an FDA-approved PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that has shown promise as a
synthetic lethal treatment approach for BRCA-mutant castration-resistant
prostate cancer (CRPC) in clinical use. However, emerging data have also shown
that even BRCA-mutant cells may be resistant to PARPi. The mechanistic basis for
thes... |
What is the association of the protein RAB10 and Alzheimers disease? | The genes SEC22B, RAB10 and FLT1 may be potential biomarkers of AD. | |
Does MC1R palmitoylation reduce pigmentation? | No, MC1R palmitoylation leads to increased pigmentation. | The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has a crucial
role in human and mouse pigmentation. Activation of MC1R in melanocytes by
α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulates cAMP signalling and melanin
production and enhances DNA repair after ultraviolet irradiation. Individuals
car... |
A bite from the Lone Star Tick Amblyomma americanum, can cause the victim to become allergic to red meat, yes or no? | Conditions such as Southern tick-associated rash illness and anaphylaxis to red meat following tick bites have been attributed to the lone star tick, Ambyomma ameriacanum. | Delayed hypersensitivity disorders and food allergies are often challenging for
the clinician and patient alike. A recent discovery of an IgE antibody specific
to galactose-α-1,3-galactose, which is a carbohydrate abundantly expressed on
cells and tissues of beef, pork, and lamb, adds one more tool to aid the
clini... |
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