question stringlengths 13 215 | ground_truth stringlengths 2 3.15k | context stringlengths 0 157k |
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Is istiratumab effective for pancreatic cancer? | No. In clinical trial, istiratumab failed to improve efficacy of standard of care for pancreatic cancer. | BACKGROUND: Preclinical data suggest that dual blockade of the insulin-like
growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and HER3 pathways has superior activity to
IGF-1R blockade alone in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We tested
whether istiratumab, an IGF-1R- and ErbB3-bispecific antibody, can enhance the
efficacy... |
What is the human proteoform project? | Top-down proteomics is emerging as a preferred approach to investigate biological systems, with objectives ranging from the detailed assessment of a single protein therapeutic, to the complete characterization of every possible protein including their modifications, which define the human proteoform. | Proteins are domit executors of living processes. Compared to genetic
variations, changes in the molecular structure and state of a protein (i.e.
proteoforms) are more directly related to pathological changes in diseases.
Characterizing proteoforms involves identifying and locating primary structure
alterations (PS... |
Telomestatin is derived from what organism? | Telomestatin is a natural macrocyclic compound derived from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4 | Telomestatin is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4
and has been shown to be a very potent telomerase inhibitor. The structural
similarity between telomestatin and a G-tetrad suggested to us that the
telomerase inhibition might be due to its ability either to facilitate the
formation of o... |
Which plant is khellin extracted from? | Khellin is extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi visnaga. | The chromones are a class of chemical compounds characterised by the presence of
the structure 5:6 benz-1:4-pyrone in their chemical make-up. The first chromone
in clinical use, khellin, was extracted from the seeds of the plant Ammi
visnaga, and had been used for centuries as a diuretic and as a smooth muscle
rela... |
Describe ANTISOMA | The ANTISOMA method is a computerized pipeline for the reduction of the aggregation tendency of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) based on an automated amino acid substitution approach. The method is available online at http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/antisoma. | |
Which factors are inhibited by Abelacimab? | Abelacimab is a novel dual inhibitor of Factor XI and Factor XIa. | BACKGROUND: The role of factor XI in the pathogenesis of postoperative venous
thromboembolism is uncertain. Abelacimab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to
factor XI and locks it in the zymogen (inactive precursor) conformation.
METHODS: In this open-label, parallel-group trial, we randomly assigned 412
patients w... |
What is vesiduction? | 'Vesiduction' as a fourth mode of intercellular DNA transfer. | The global spread of antibiotic resistance has posed a serious threat to public
healthcare and undermined decades of progress made in the fight against
bacterial infections. It has been demonstrated that the lack of novel effective
antibiotics and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal
transfer ... |
What is the route of administration of eptinezumab? | Eptinezumab is administered intravenously. | Eptinezumab-jjmr (referred to as eptinezumab hereafter; Vyepti™) is a humanised
monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and
blocks its binding to the receptor. CGRP is believed to play a major role in the
pathophysiology of migraine. Eptinezumab, delivered by intravenous (IV)
admini... |
What kind of approaches you need to combine in order to manage Familial spontaneous pneumothorax? | Clinical, radiological and genetic approaches | Familial spontaneous pneumothorax (FSP) accounts for 10% of primary spontaneous
pneumothoraces. Appropriate investigation of FSP enables early diagnosis of
serious monogenic diseases and the practice of precision medicine. Here, we show
that a pneumothorax genetics multidisciplinary team (MDT) can efficiently
diagn... |
What is the mechanism of action of Vericiguat? | Vericiguat is a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase. It was developed for treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. | Despite advances in therapy, patients with heart failure (HF) continue to
experience unacceptably high rates of hospitalization and death, as well as poor
quality of life. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for new treatments
that can improve the clinical course of the growing worldwide population of HF
pati... |
What is the origin of HEp-2 cells? | human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line (HEp-2) | The fungicide agents are a key component in the fruits and vegetables
production. The Iprodione residues are one of the pesticide more frequently
found in food products. The available data about the cytotoxicity of iprodione
and its metabolites are scarce and do not allow characterization of its
genotoxic potential... |
Does bleomycin cause lung toxicity? | Pulmonary toxicity is a devastating complication of bleomycin chemotherapy. | Bleomycin is potentially capable of inducing a diffuse interstitial fibrosis of
the lung, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been elucidated. The authors
have demonstrated that after 48 hr of acute treatment, morphological and
functional modifications could be seen in type II pneumocytes, which are
responsible f... |
What is another name for bimagrumab | Bimagrumab also goes by the name BYM338. | OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term safety and tolerability and to monitor
benefits of extended use of bimagrumab in individuals with sporadic inclusion
body myositis (sIBM) who completed a single-dose core study.
METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label extension study, 10 adults received
bimagrumab 10 mg/kg IV ever... |
What is STATegra? | STATegra is a comprehensive multi-omics dataset of B-cell differentiation in mouse. It includes measurements from up to 10 different omics technologies applied to the same biological system, namely the well-studied mouse pre-B-cell differentiation. | Author information:
(1)Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de
Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
(2)Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for
Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
(3)Science for Life Laboratory, Solna... |
What is the generic name of the Xofluza? | Baloxavir marboxi is the generic name of Xofluza. It is approved for influenza. | Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza™; baloxavir) is an oral cap-dependent endonuclease
inhibitor that has been developed by Roche and Shionogi. The drug blocks
influenza virus proliferation by inhibiting the initiation of mRNA synthesis. In
February 2018, baloxavir received its first global approval in Japan for the
treatm... |
Is Keutel syndrome a common genetic disorder? | No, Keutel syndrome (OMIM 245150) is a very rare syndrome | Matrix gla protein (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of extracellular matrix (ECM)
mineralization. MGP-deficiency in humans leads to Keutel syndrome, a rare
genetic disease hallmarked by abnormal soft tissue calcification. MGP-deficient
(Mgp(-/-)) mice show progressive deposition of hydroxyapatite minerals in the
arteria... |
Is fusobacterium associated with Lemierre's syndrome? | Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition that results from oropharyngeal infection with the gram-negative, anaerobic Fusobacterium necrophorum. | The combination of acute pharyngotonsillitis, neck pain, fever, and pulmonary
septic emboli caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in a healthy young person is
extremely rare. The entity was described by Lemierre in 1936 as a typical
syndrome easy to recognize and diagnose exclusively on clinical grounds. A case
of Le... |
What is the synonym of MK-1602? | MK-1602 is also named Ubrogepant. | Ubrogepant (MK-1602) is a novel, oral, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor
antagonist in clinical development with positive phase III outcomes for acute
treatment of migraine. This paper describes the population exposure-response
(E-R) modeling and simulations, which were used to inform the phase III
dose-sele... |
How many families did the 100,000 Genomes Pilot enrol? | The U.K. 100,000 Genomes Project is in the process of investigating the role of genome sequencing in patients with undiagnosed rare diseases after usual care and the alignment of this research with health care implementation in the U.K. National Health Service. Other parts of this project focus on patients with cancer ... | Author information:
(1)From Genomics England (D.S., K.R.S., A.M., E.A.T., E.M.M., A.T., G.C., K.I.,
L.M., M. Wielscher, A.N., M. Bale, E.B., C.B., H.B., M. Bleda, A. Devereau,
D.H., E. Haraldsdottir, Z.H., D.K., C. Patch, D.P., A.M., R. Sultana, M.R.,
A.L.T.T., C. Tregidgo, C. Turnbull, M. Welland, S. Wood, C.S., E.... |
What is CIS43LS? | CIS43LS is an antimalarial monoclonal antibody with an extended half-life against infection with Plasmodium falciparum. | CIS43 is a potent neutralizing human mAb that targets a highly conserved
"junctional" epitope in the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein
(PfCSP). Enhancing the durability of CIS43 in vivo will be important for
clinical translation. Here, 2 approaches were used to improve the durability of
CIS43 in v... |
List the main salt-inducible kinases. | SIK1
SIK2
SIK3
HDAC4
HDAC5 | Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) represent a subfamily of AMPK family kinases. SIK1
has been shown to act as a mediator during the cellular adaptation to variations
in intracellular sodium in a variety of cell types. SIK2, as an isoform of the
SIK family, modulates various biological functions and acts as a signal
tra... |
Unlike DNA, RNA is not methylated, yes or no? | In addition to DNA methylation, reversible epigenetic modification occurring in RNA has been discovered recently. The most abundant type of RNA methylation is N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which is dynamically regulated by methylases ("writers"), demethylases ("erasers") and m6A-binding proteins ("readers") | Parallel studies were performed with methionineless derivatives of Escherichia
coli 15 T(-) and Bacillus megaterium KM: T(-). Methylated bases are present in
the total cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) of B. megaterium. The level of RNA
methylation in E. coli is about 60% greater than that in B. megaterium. Although
E. c... |
What methodology does the Oncomine Dx target test use? | The Oncomine Dx target test uses the next generation sequencing methodology. | Author information:
(1)HM Sanchinarro University Hospital-CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
(2)HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
(3)La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
(4)Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
(5)Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
... |
Describe the application of whole genome sequencing in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) | Genetic testing is an important component of diagnosing PCD, especially in cases of atypical disease history. WGS is effective in cases where prior gene panel testing has found no variants or only heterozygous variants. In these cases it may detect SVs and is a powerful tool for novel gene discovery. | BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 1-13% of cases of bronchiectasis in adults
globally are attributable to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) but many adult
patients with bronchiectasis have not been investigated for PCD. PCD is a
disorder caused by mutations in genes required for motile cilium structure or
function, r... |
Which CD38 antibody has been shown to be effective for Lupus Erythematosus? | Daratumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, has been used to treat Lupus Erythematosus. | Author information:
(1)From the Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (L.O., P.G.,
R.B., U.S., G.B., F. Hiepe, T.A.), Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Unit
(P.E.), Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology (U.R.), and Cardiology and
Angiology, Campus Mitte (F.K.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berl... |
What is a circRNA? | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicing. | Circular RNAs (circRNA) have been reported as regulators involved in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their mechanism of activity remains unknown.
This study performed quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain
reaction to determine if circNFATC3 was downregulated in 46 paired HCC tissues
and cell lines... |
Summarize Fanconi's anemia | Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal or X-linked genetic disorder characterized by chromosomal breakages, congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), and cancer. | Fanconi's anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder with a high incidence
(greater than 90%) of aplastic anemia and a premaligt component with a
greater than 10% risk of leukemia or solid tumors. The diagnosis of Fanconi's
anemia depends on increased chromosomal breakage in lymphocytes following
treatment with a DN... |
Which one of the CYP450 enzymes is the second most frequently implicated in the metabolism of the drugs currently available on the market? | CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 are the most relevant since they metabolize about 50% and 30% of the drugs on the market, respectively. | The use of medicinal plants concomitantly with conventional drugs can result in
herb-drug interactions that cause fluctuations in drug bioavailability and
consequent therapeutic failure and/or toxic effects. The CYP superfamily of
enzymes plays an important role in herb-drug interactions. Among CYP enzymes,
CYP3A4 ... |
Describe SBGNview | SBGNview is a tool set for pathway based data visalization | |
Which diseases can be treated with Itepekimab? | Itepekimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-33, demonstrated clinical activity in asthma, with potential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | Itepekimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin (IL-33) and has
been shown to reduce airway inflammation and associated tissue damage in
preclinical studies. We assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics
(PKs), and pharmacodynamic profiles of single-ascending and multiple-ascending
doses of it... |
What is the msDNA? | msDNA is actually a complex of DNA, RNA, and probably protein. It is composed of a small, single-stranded DNA, linked to a small, single-stranded RNA molecule. The 5' end of the DNA molecule is joined to an internal guanosine residue of the RNA molecule by a unique 2'-5' phosphodiester bond. msDNA is produced in many h... | The multi-copy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is yielded by the action of reverse
transcriptase of retro-element in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Upon this
phenomenon, it has been shown that msDNA is only produced by Eubacteria because
many Eubacteria species contained reverse transcriptase in their special
ret... |
Are Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid? | Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are fatty acid signaling molecules synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid | Microsomes prepared from COS-1 cells transiently expressing rabbit cytochromes
P450 2C1 and 2C2 catalyzed the metabolism of arachidonic acid to predomitly
11,12- and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) when microsomal epoxide
hydrolase activity was inhibited by 0.2 mM 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane.
P450 2C2 c... |
What percentage of currently available drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4? | CYP3A4 metabolizes approximately 50% of the drugs available today on the market. | The use of medicinal plants concomitantly with conventional drugs can result in
herb-drug interactions that cause fluctuations in drug bioavailability and
consequent therapeutic failure and/or toxic effects. The CYP superfamily of
enzymes plays an important role in herb-drug interactions. Among CYP enzymes,
CYP3A4 ... |
What is caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8? | Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in IPO8 cause a syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) with clinical overlap with Loeys-Dietz and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndromes. | Author information:
(1)Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University
Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium.
(2)Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University
Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmege... |
What is the mechanism of action of Evinacumab? | Evinacumab is a monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) that has been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. | BACKGROUND: Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular
risk and may be caused by impaired lipoprotein clearance. Angiopoietin-like
protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity, increasing
triglycerides and other lipids. Evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 inhibitor, reduced
triglycerides in hea... |
Which glands in the bee secretes royal jelly? | hypopharyngeal glands | The hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) of worker honeybees undergo physiological
changes along with the age-dependent role change from nursing to foraging: nurse
bee HPGs secrete mainly major royal jelly proteins, whereas forager HPGs secrete
mainly α-glucosidase III, which converts the sucrose in the nectar into glucose ... |
List the common retinal diseases associated with circRNAs. | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in whole blood could be served as novel non-invasive biomarkers for retinal degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | PURPOSE: To reveal the expression profile and clinical significance of circular
RNAs (circRNAs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: Circular RNA microarrays were performed to identify DR-related
circRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG analysis was performed to
determine the biologic modules and signaling... |
How do CYP1A2 polymorphisms affect the habitual coffee consumption effect on apetite? | The CYP1A2 polymorphism -163C > A (rs762551) polymorphism renders carriers: rapid (AA), intermediate (AC), or slow (CC) caffeine metabolizers.
High coffee consumption was more prevalent in rapid compared to slow metabolizers (P = 0.008 after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI) and was associated with lower appetite perc... | |
What is the role of SDE2? | SDE2 is a previously uncharacterized essential gene required for ribosome biogenesis and the regulation of alternative splicing. | RNA provides the framework for the assembly of some of the most intricate
macromolecular complexes within the cell, including the spliceosome and the
mature ribosome. The assembly of these complexes relies on the coordinated
association of RNA with hundreds of trans-acting protein factors. While some of
these trans... |
Which drugs are included in the CABENUVA pill? | Cabenuva contains cabotegravir and rilpivirine. It is used for treatment of HIV. | In spite of introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; inaccessibility and poor adherence
to oral cART costs 10 in 100,000 death worldwide. Failure in adherence leads to
viral rebound, emergence of drug resistance and anticipated HIV infection in
... |
What is Shone's complex? | Shone's syndrome is a rare congenital heart disease that includes 4 cardiovascular anomalies: supravalvular mitral ring, parachute mitral valve, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. | OBJECTIVE: Shone's syndrome is a complex consisting of mitral valve stenosis in
addition to left ventricle outflow obstruction. There are a few studies
evaluating the long-term outcomes in this population. We sought to determine the
long-term outcomes in our paediatric population with Shone's syndrome and the
facto... |
What methods are used to diagnose bowel endometriosis? | Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE), transrectal endoscopic ultrasonography (REU), multidetector computerized tomography enema (MDCT-e), and computed tomography colonoscopy (CTC) have been successfully used for the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. | OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a clinical examination during menstruation and plasma
CA-125 concentrations to diagnose deep endometriosis.
DESIGN: Prospective study in 61 women scheduled for a laparoscopy, a
retrospective study in 140 women with deep endometriosis, and a clinical
validation study in 16 women with painful p... |
When did FDA approve the first B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T cell therapy? | FDA approved the first B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR-T cell therapy on March 26, 2021. | Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells targeting CD19 have shown promising
results in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However,
efficacy seems to be inferior compared to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. Impaired T-cell fitness of CLL patients may be involved
in tr... |
Describe the N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in AML | The N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in AML is a nucleotide that is not normally found in the DNA of cancer cells. This nucleotide has been shown to have an effect on the cell's ability to divide. | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of
RNA has been shown to play an important role in the development of acute myeloid
leukemia (AML) and the maintece of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In this review
we summarise the recent findings in the field of epitranscriptomics related t... |
Does trimetazidine protect from myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention? | Oral trimetazidine 35 mg twice daily over several years in patients receiving optimal medical therapy, after successful PCI, does not influence the recurrence of angina or the outcome; these findings should be taken into account when considering the place of trimetazidine in clinical practice. | |
When is the drug Ivermectin used? | Ivermectin (IVM) has been well known for its role in the treatment of parasitic diseases, due to its effect on glutamate-gated chloride channels. These same channels are also present in the mosquito vector, and thus, research has focused on the insecticidal effects of this drug. | The aim of this study was to compare the economic revenue related to the use of
low- or high-efficacy anthelmintic drugs within suppressive or strategic schemes
of treatment in growing heifers. Heifers raised in a semi-intensive grazing
system in southern Brazil were used. Levamisole and ivermectin were selected as ... |
What is the function of a DEAD box protein? | DEAD-box helicases are ubiquitous in RNA-mediated processes and function by coupling cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis to changes in affinity for single-stranded RNA. | RNA secondary structure is a critical determit of RNA function in ribosome
assembly, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation and RNA stability. The 'DEAD/H'
family of putative RNA helicases may help regulate these processes by utilizing
intrinsic RNA-dependent ATPase activity to catalyze conformational changes in
RNA s... |
What is the effect of rHDL-apoE3 on vascular permeability? | rHDL-apoE3 markedly improves vascular permeability as demonstrated by the reduced concentration of Evans Blue dye in tissues such as the stomach, the tongue and the urinary bladder and ameliorated hypercholesterolemia. | INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease (ASCAD) is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Novel therapeutic approaches aiming to improve the
atheroprotective functions of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) include the use of
reconstituted HDL forms containing human apolipoprotein A-I (rHDL-apoA-I). Give... |
What is inhibited by TH1579? | TH1579 is a best-in-class MTH1 inhibitor. | Author information:
(1)Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical
Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
(2)Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department of Oncology-Pathology.
(3)Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of
Tr... |
What is the mechanism of action of Gemogenovatucel-T? | Gemogenovatucel-T is an autologous tumour cell vaccine manufactured from harvested tumour tissue, which specifically reduces expression of furin and downstream TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. | |
What is the Versene Solution used for? | the Versene Solution is used for the detachment of stem cell sheets. | Original modification of the harvest procedure, hypotonic treatment and
slide-making techniques were used to obtain prometaphase spreads of good quality
fitted to G-banding or to FISH. Human blood cultures were synchronized with a
methotrexate block during synthesis, and following this with a thymidine
release. Cel... |
Are circRNAs susceptible to degradation by RNase R? | Currently, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that 1) majority of circRNAs are evolutionarily conserved across species, stable, and resistant to RNase R degradation. | In platelets, splicing and translation occur in the absence of a nucleus.
However, the integrity and stability of mRNAs derived from megakaryocyte
progenitor cells remain poorly quantified on a transcriptome-wide level. As
circular RNAs (circRNAs) are resistant to degradation by exonucleases, their
abundance relati... |
Does atemoya juice inhibit tye CYP3A4 enzyme? | No, atemoya juice does not inhibit CYP3A4. | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atemoya (Annona atemoya) is increasingly being
consumed worldwide because of its pleasant taste. However, only limited
information is available concerning possible atemoya-drug interactions. In the
present study, the issue of whether atemoya shows food-drug interactions with
substrate dru... |
Which processes are affected by pathogenic SPTBN1 variants? | SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. | Author information:
(1)Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
cousin.margot@mayo.edu.
(2)Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
cousin.margot@mayo.edu.
(3)Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel... |
Describe the role of bevacizumab in radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformation. | Bevacizumab is used for the treatment of severe, refractory perilesional edema due to an arteriovenous malformation treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. | The authors present a case of an arteriovenous malformation of the central
sulcus treated with Gamma Knife surgery. The patient developed perilesional
edema 9 months after treatment and experienced severe headache and hemiparesis.
Her symptoms were refractory to corticosteroid therapy and pain management. She
was s... |
Is Mycobacterium abscessus a human pathogen? | Yes,
Mycobacterium abscessus is unique in terms of its high morbidity and treatment failure rates. | Improvements in the exit-site care for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have
uncovered a trend for increasing incidence of rapidly growing nontuberculous
mycobacterium exit-site infections (ESI). Among these, Mycobacterium abscessus
is unique in terms of its high morbidity and treatment failure rates. The
internat... |
What is the indication for Favipiravir? | Favipiravir (FVP) has been used for treatment of COVID-19 in many countries. | BACKGROUND: Lassa and Junín viruses are the most prominent members of the
Arenaviridae family of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever syndromes
Lassa fever and Argentine hemorrhagic fever, respectively. At present, ribavirin
is the only antiviral drug indicated for use in treatment of these diseases, but
beca... |
Is MEDI2228 a bispecific antibody? | No, MEDI2228 is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC). | |
Which syndrome is caused by pathogenic COL4A3-COL4A5 variants? | Massively parallel sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the genes affected in Alport syndrome (COL4A3-COL4A5) in as many as 30% of individuals with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 10% of those with kidney failure of unknown cause, and 20% with familial immunoglobulin A (IgA) glomerulonephritis. T... | Massively parallel sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the genes
affected in Alport syndrome (COL4A3-COL4A5) in as many as 30% of individuals
with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 10% of those with kidney
failure of unknown cause, and 20% with familial immunoglobulin A (IgA)
glomerulonephriti... |
Is proton beam therapy used for treatment of craniopharyngioma? | Yes, proton beam therapy is used for treatment of craniopharyngioma. | PURPOSE: We report the results of the early cohort of patients treated for
craniopharyngioma with combined proton-photon irradiation at the Massachusetts
General Hospital and the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1981 and 1988, 15 patients with craniopharyngioma
were treated in part or ent... |
What are the phases of hair follicle cycle? | Hair follicle cycle phases (anagen, catagen and telogen) | Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are sex hormones that regulate
human hair follicle (HF) growth and are produced by peripheral reduction and
aromatization of testosterone. However, the expression patterns of DHT and E2
synthesis-related proteins and their receptors in male yak skin during different
... |
What is the cause of Bow Hunter's syndrome? | Bow hunter's syndrome (BHS) is caused by posterior circulation insufficiency that results from the occlusion or compression of the vertebral artery (VA) during neck rotation. | Bow hunter's stroke results from vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by
mechanical occlusion or stenosis of the vertebral artery (VA) at the C1-2 level
on head rotation. Surgical treatment of this condition may be chosen to avoid
life-threatening accidents or because patients complain that conservative
treatments ... |
What types of anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies are available? | Anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies include single-targeted antibodies, bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). | |
Which disease do pathogenic NR2F1 variants cause? | Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by optic atrophy and intellectual disability caused by loss-of-function mutations in NR2F1. | |
Which mutation is targeted by Tepotinib? | MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation is targeted by Tepotinib that is used for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. | The MET exon 14 skipping mutation is found in approximately 3% of lung
adenocarcinomas and slightly more than 2% of lung squamous cell carcinomas. In
recent years, more and more evidence has shown that MET inhibitors have achieved
good anti-tumor effect in patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation,
suggesting tha... |
List second messengers. | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Ceramide
Cyclic diguanylate
Nitric oxide
Calcium
Diacylglycerol | -20pt?>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes
contagious tuberculosis (TB). Recently, Mtb-secreted proteins have been
considered virulence factors and candidates for drugs and vaccines. Among these
proteins, 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) is known to be able to
induce... |
Is there a genetic cause of craniostenosis? | 9There a a number of different genetic mutations or syndromes(Saethre-Chotzen, Aperts, Crouzon, Pfeiffer) associated with craniostenosis. | A 3-year-old child with tertiary trisomy (14 (+14q--), daughter of a mother with
a balanced reciprocal translocation [46,XX,t(14;16)(q11;q24) is presented.
Craniostenosis and developmental retardation were the primary presenting
features in this patient. Result of a family study based on 584 patients with craniosten... |
Can bergapten cross the blood-brain barrier? | Yes, bergapten can cross the blood-brain barrier. | Bergapten is a natural furocoumarin, also known as 5-methoxypsoralen, and its
medicinal value has been paid more and more attention. By sorting out the
pharmacological literature of bergapten, we found that bergapten has a wide
range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, organ protection,
anticance... |
Does TIMELESS-TIPIN participate in replisome disassembly? | Yes. TIMELESS-TIPIN and UBXN-3 promote replisome disassembly during DNA replication termination in Caenorhabditis elegans. | The eukaryotic replisome is rapidly disassembled during DNA replication
termination. In metazoa, the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase CUL-2LRR-1 drives
ubiquitylation of the CMG helicase, leading to replisome disassembly by the
p97/CDC-48 "unfoldase". Here, we combine in vitro reconstitution with in vivo
studies in Cae... |
Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for which disease? | Nemolizumab has been shown to be effective for atopic dermatitis. | BACKGROUND: Interleukin-31 may play a role in the pathobiologic mechanism of
atopic dermatitis and pruritus. We wanted to assess the efficacy and safety of
nemolizumab (CIM331), a humanized antibody against interleukin-31 receptor A, in
the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
METHODS: In this phase 2, randomized, double... |
Is hemoglobin antimicrobial? | Yes,
Beyond its physiological activity, hemoglobins are able to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms. | Blood, from slaughterhouses, is an inevitable part of meat production, causing
environmental problems due to the large volumes recovered and its low
valorization. However, the α137-141 peptide, a natural antimicrobial peptide,
can be obtained after hydrolysis of hemoglobin, the main constituent of blood
red part. T... |
What is the mammalian version of arginine vasotocin? | Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is the non-mammalian homolog of arginine vasopressin (AVP) | Nine active neurohypophyseal principles have been isolated and identified among
the vertebrates. Arginine-vasotocin is the most ubiquitous, occurring in
pituitary glands from representatives of all the major vertebrate groups. There
is much more variation in structure among the principles that resemble oxytocin.
Th... |
Which kinase does PD98059 inhibit? | PD98059 is a specific, reversible MEK inhibitor. | PD98059 is a reversible MEK inhibitor that we are investigating as a potential
treatment for neurochemical changes in the brain that drive neurohumoral
excitation in heart failure. In a rat model that closely resembles human heart
failure, we found that central administration of PD98059 inhibits
phosphorylation of ... |
What is caused by loss-of-function variants in BCAS3? | Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BCAS3 cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. BCAS3 microtubule-associated cell migration factor (BCAS3) is a large, highly conserved cytoskeletal protein previously proposed to be critical in angiogenesis and implicated in human embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. | Author information:
(1)Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research,
University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center of
Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
(2)Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, NS B3K 6R8,... |
Which transporter is inhibited by Sotagliflozin? | Sotagliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporters 1 and 2. | The sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an important
emerging class for the treatment of diabetes. Development of SGLT2 inhibitors
has been oriented around a desire for high selectivity for the SGLT2 protein
relative to the SGLT1 protein. More recently, genetic and pharmacology research
in... |
What is the main use of ETD fragmentation? | Electron-based fragmentation methods have revolutionized biomolecular mass spectrometry, in particular native and top-down protein analysis. | Electron-based fragmentation methods have revolutionized biomolecular mass
spectrometry, in particular native and top-down protein analysis. Here, we
report the use of a new electromagnetostatic cell to perform electron capture
dissociation (ECD) within a quadrupole/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass
spectrometer. Th... |
What is the Bartter syndrome? | Bartter syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by reduced sodium chloride transport in the distal nephrons of the kidney. Its clinical features are renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone levels with normal or low blood pressure, polyuria, hypercalciuria and malnutrition. | Bartter's syndrome is a congenital abnormality characterized by metabolic
alkalosis [corrected], hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, and hypokalemia. Most
patients present early in life with symptoms such as muscle weakness and
polyuria, which may be attributed to potassium depletion. Despite the
hyperaldosteronism,... |
Can bergapten cause phototoxicity? | Yes, phototoxicity is a side effect of bergapten. | Bergapten is a natural furocoumarin, also known as 5-methoxypsoralen, and its
medicinal value has been paid more and more attention. By sorting out the
pharmacological literature of bergapten, we found that bergapten has a wide
range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, organ protection,
anticance... |
Which syndromes are caused by LAMA1 mutations? | Poretti-Boltshauser and Joubert syndromes | BACKGROUND: High myopia with alopecia areata in the occipital region has been
observed in patients with Knobloch syndrome caused by COL18A1 mutations. This
study investigated other possible genetic causes of high myopia in patients with
alopecia areata in the cranial midline.
METHODS: Six patients with early onset h... |
What is the use of Lactin-V? | Lactin-V after treatment with vaginal metronidazole resulted in a significantly lower incidence of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and can be used for bacterial vaginosis. Lactin-V after treatment for cystitis was associated with a reduction in recurrent UTI. | BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis is a very common vaginal infection. The lack of
endogenous lactobacilli and overgrowth of pathogens facilitate numerous
gynecological complications.
METHODS: A phase I dose-ranging safety trial tested the safety, tolerability,
and acceptability of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 (LACTI... |
What is Congo red agar plates used for? | Congo red agar plates are used as a canonical indicator of biofilm-formation ability. Culture on Congo red agar plates in which slime-producing strains form black colonies, while nonslime-forming ones develop red colonies. | Staphylococcus epidermidis is a frequent pathogen in infections associated with
orthopedic implants. We studied 123 S. epidermidis strains from infections
related to orthopedic implants, as regards their ability to express a factor of
virulence, namely the slime, an extracellular polysaccharide, which mediates
adhe... |
What is the protein that is truncated to produce progerin? | The truncated lamin A protein produced "progerin | Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that is
characterized by dramatic premature aging and accelerated cardiovascular
disease. HGPS is almost always caused by a de novo point mutation in the lamin A
gene (LMNA) that activates a cryptic splice donor site, producing a truncated
mutan... |
What are the effects of ibrutinib on CART cell production? | CART cell generation in the presence of ibrutinib resulted in increased cell viability and expansion of CLL patient-derived CART cells. Furthermore, ibrutinib enriched CART cells with less-differentiated naïve-like phenotype and decreased expression of exhaustion markers including PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3. In addition, ib... | Despite considerable advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in the
last decade, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to current
therapies or have a short duration of response. Furthermore, these treatments
can have notable morbidity and are not uniformly tolerated in all patients. As
ther... |
What is the role of miR-193b in prostate cancer? | Overexpression of miR-193b led to the inhibition of the majority of the 41 genes in prostate cancer cell lines. | miRNAs have proven to be key regulators of gene expression and are
differentially expressed in various diseases, including cancer. Our aim was to
identify epigenetically dysregulated genes in prostate cancer. We performed
miRNA expression profiling after relieving epigenetic modifications in 6
prostate cancer cell ... |
What treatment was studied in the KEYNOTE-522 trial? | KEYNOTE-522 trial studied adjuvant pembrolizumab for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. | Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Interests P.S. has served as an
uncompensated consultant to Roche-Genentech. S.L. receives research funding to
her institution from Novartis, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Merck, Roche-Genentech,
Puma Biotechnology, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Seattle Genetics. She has acted as
co... |
Which disease is associated with DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene? | Fibrolamellar carcinoma is distinctive at clinical and histologic levels. A novel DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene characterizes almost all cases. | Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma,
occurring in children and young adults without underlying liver disease. The
diagnosis is based on morphological characteristics of the tumor, supplemented
by immunohistochemistry and/or genetic testing. Recently, the presence of a
charact... |
What is NTI, Nerve Tissue Contrast Index | The Nerve Tissue Index NTI is a ratio of average brightness levels of surrounding tissue and the median nerve, both calculated on the basis of a ultrasound image. | OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of using ultrasound (US) image features
related to the median nerve echogenicity and shape for carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS) diagnosis.
METHODS: In 31 participants (21 healthy participants and 10 patients with CTS),
US images were collected with a 30-MHz transducer from median ne... |
When was dupilumab approved by EMA? | Dupilumab was approved fby the EMA in 2017. | Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease persisting
predomitly in the pediatric population. Treatment is generally supervised by
various medical specialists, including primary care practitioners, allergists,
and dermatologists. This divergence in disease management allows various
therapeutic approac... |
Describe bigPint | BigPint is a data visualization package available on Bioconductor under the GPL-3 license (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/bigPint.html). This software introduces new visualization technology that enables independent layers of interactivity using Plotly in R, which aids in the exploration of large ... | Interactive data visualization is imperative in the biological sciences. The
development of independent layers of interactivity has been in pursuit in the
visualization community. We developed bigPint, a data visualization package
available on Bioconductor under the GPL-3 license
(https://bioconductor.org/packages/... |
Aducanumab can be used for treatment of which disease? | Aducanumab is approved for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ)
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, accompanied by synaptic
dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Antibody-based immunotherapy against Aβ to
trigger its clearance or mitigate its neurotoxicity has so far been
unsuccessful. Here we ... |
Can IFNg induce the expression of IDO? | Yes,
IFNG-induce up-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) | C57BL/6 mice are known to be resistant to the development of collagen-induced
arthritis (CIA). However, they show a severe arthritic phenotype when the Ifng
gene is deleted. Although it has been proposed that IFN-γ suppresses
inflammation in CIA via suppressing Th17 which is involved in the pathogenesis
of CIA, the... |
Covid-19 is though to have arisen from what species? | COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible intermediate host. | SUMMARYIn recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different
geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah
virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged
in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not
match w... |
Are TAMs good anticancer therapeutic targets? | Therapeutic strategies to target TAMs to complement conventional therapies has yielded promising results. | |
Describe meCLICK-Seq | MeCLICK-Seq is a method to identify RNA modification substrates with high resolution at intronic and intergenic regions. The method hijacks RNA methyltransferase activity to introduce an alkyne, instead of a methyl, moiety on RNA. | The fates of RNA species in a cell are controlled by ribonucleases, which
degrade them by exploiting the universal structural 2'-OH group. This phenomenon
plays a key role in numerous transformative technologies, for example, RNA
interference and CRISPR/Cas13-based RNA editing systems. These approaches,
however, ar... |
What is the mechanism of action of Lumasiran? | Lumasiran is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene that is used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). By silencing the gene encoding glycolate oxidase, lumasiran depletes glycolate oxidase and thereby inhibits the synthesis of oxalate, w... | Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic
glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a
variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of
calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically
widespre... |
Where are Goblet cells localized? | Goblet cells are found in the intestine, in the lungs, in the eyes etc. Goblet cells are localized in the epithelium. | Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are specialized cells that produce and secrete
soluble mucins to the tear film that bathes the ocular surface. CGC numbers and
functions are affected in various ocular surface diseases including dry eye
disease with diverse etiologies. In this review we will (i) summarize the
import... |
What is OHRQoL? | The assessment of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is possible with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire comprising 7 subdomains: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap | Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in edentulous patients with
complete dentures is often impaired. This paper investigates the effect of
different coping styles on OHRQOL.
PURPOSE: (a) To assess OHRQOL of edentulous patients with conventional complete
dentures, and (b) to investigate if individual differe... |
Which VKORC1 genotypes are associated with a need for lower warfarin maintenance dose? | Patients with VKORC1-1639GA or AA required a lower warfarin maintenance dose. | Author information:
(1)Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
(2)Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine,
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
(3)Division of Clinical Research Planning, Department of Development Strategy,
Center for... |
Which R/bioconductor have been developed for copy number analysis? | CNVRanger, seqCNA, iGC, PLRS, SomatiCA, Copynumber, crlmm, KC-SMARTR are all R/bioconductor packages for copy number analysis | SUMMARY: DNA copy number and mRNA expression are commonly used data types in
cancer studies. Available software for integrative analysis arbitrarily fixes
the parametric form of the association between the two molecular levels and
hence offers no opportunities for modelling it. We present a new tool for
flexible mo... |
Is gabapentin effective for chronic pelvic pain? | Based on data from multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (GaPP2), treatment with gabapentin did not result in significantly lower pain scores in women with chronic pelvic pain, and was associated with higher rates of side-effects than placebo. | BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain affects 2-24% of women worldwide and evidence
for medical treatments is scarce. Gabapentin is effective in treating some
chronic pain conditions. We aimed to measure the efficacy and safety of
gabapentin in women with chronic pelvic pain and no obvious pelvic pathology.
METHODS: We pe... |
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