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Ans. A: Platelet count Platelet count is the initial investigation to be done in all the cases of thrombocytopenia, followed by hemoglobin and WBC count. The prothrombin time (PT) and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagula... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Leydig cells are not affected so testosterone levels normal.
Sertoli cells are affected so spermatogenesis is affected. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
DiseaseAbnormalityMetastasis of cancer cellsAbnormalities in the oligosaccharide chains of membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are thought to be of impoanceReference: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 40 Membranes: Structure & Function | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Enlarged uterine cavity A general rule tends to be followed in the case of the t/t of carcinoma endometrium.Tumours with good prognosis can be treated with surgery alone whereas radiotherapy is required in cases with poor prognosis.Several prognostic factors have been shown to correlate with treatment ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acute inflammatory> reaction with a predominance of Neutrophils is seen upto 2-3 days.
After 3 days (Le. after 72 hours Macrophages become the predominant cell type and become involved in the removal of necrotic debris.
In myocardial infarction.
Neutrophils appear at → 12-24 hrs.
Granulation tissue appear at → 6-10 day... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Phrenic nerve lies in the superior mediastinum and not in the posterior mediastinum. All other choices lies within the posterior mediastinum.Posterior mediastinum: The region containing anatomic structures deep to the pericardial sac, including the thoracic poion of the descending aoa, the azygos system of veins, the t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The primary motor coex (precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe) was mapped to show the various pas of the body and are represented (motor homunculus) with the feet at the top of the gyrus and the face at the bottom. The facial area is represented bilaterally, but the rest of the representation is generally unilateral, wi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Struma ovarii is a monodermal or specialised teratoma. They are germ cell tumours of ovary. Struma ovarii is composed entirely of mature thyroid tissue ,which may be functional and causes hypehyroidism. Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian tumor that was first described in 1899. It is defined by the presence of thyroid tiss... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) PhysostigmineRef.:Medical Toxicology edited by Richard C. Dard 3rd ed/567 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is composed of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium oxide and silicate oxide.
Bismuth oxide is added to the mixture for radiopacity.
pH - 12.5 (when set).
pH of freshly mixed MTA is 10.
Setting time is 2 hours 45 minutes.
Compressive strength—40 MPa (immediately after ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamine is only obtainable through animal sources, therefore strict vegetarians develop B12 deficiency. - Vit B12 deficiency leads to :- Megaloblastic anemia Peripheral neuritis SCDSC Infeility Atrophic glossitis Peripheral neuropathy. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Erosions on mucous membranes and skin and flaccid blisters on skin are clinical features of pemphigus vulgaris. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by acantholysis, induced by deposition of IgG autoantibodies in the intercellular area of epidermis. PV typically begins on mucosal surfaces and... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Actinomycosis of Liver Most commonly, Actinomyces reaches liver through poan vein Liver is gradually replaced by multiple abscesses, typical Honey comb liver Diagnosis Needle aspiration: Actinomyces in pus Treatment Antibiotic (Penicillin) is the DOC. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(D) (Tamoxifen) (568-H 17th) (671 Kalzung 10,h(313-KDT 7th)Breast cancer can be divided into two tvnes of Breast cancer||iEstrogen receptor positive breast cancerEstrogen receptor negative breast cancer||Needs estrogen to growDoes not require Estrogen* Hormonal drug therapy for breast cancer targets estrogen receptor p... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 93% Half life Elimination 1t%2 50% 2t'/2 75% 3 0/2 87.5% 41 93.75% 5 t'/ 96.875 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Principal causes of death in renal transplant patients (in decreasing order)
Heart disease
Infection
Stroke | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' causes normocapnic failure (Ref. Harrison, 17/e, p 221, 1663 & 16/e, p 1572, 72 (15/e, p. 1516)).Most patients with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis presents with hypercapnic failure.There is confusion with sniff test (option A).Sniff test: It is used in the diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Exudates of intermediate uveitis (pars planitis) coalesce to form a grey white plaque called snow banking. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dry tap is usually defined as a "failure to obtain bone marrow on attempted marrow aspiration". The diagnosis and management of many haematological diseases depends on examination of the bone marrow, which involves two separate specimens i.e. a cytologic and a histologic preparation.Bone marrow examination refers to th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bleaching powder contains : 33% available chlorine. Bleaching powder required for disinfection of 1000 litres of water = 2.5 grams. Also Remember, Free/ residual chlorine levels recommended in:- Drinking water = >= 0.5 mg/ L ; with contact period of 1hr. Drinking water to kill cyclops = >= 2.0 mg/L ; with contact perio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Shao YC, Harwood P. Grotz MR, Limb D, Giannoudis PV. Radial nerve palsy associated with fractures of the shaft of the humerus: a systematic review.Pone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Dec;87(12):1647-52. & Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics.Explanation:"Fractures of the middle and middle-distal pans of the shaft had a signifi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c. Islet cell hyperplasia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In a recent prospective, randomized, multicenter trial involving 1662 patients in a study known as the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study, patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter and whose general health made them good candidates for elective surgery were found... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
.Damage Control Surgery -* Resuscitation and early therapy in operation theatre itself. * Minimum but essential surgery to control bleeding and prevent contamination. * Secondary definitive surgery at a later period to have final control. Ref: SRB&;s manual of surgery,3 rd ed, pg no 136 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- essential aminoacid are the one that cannot be synthesised in the body corresponding to the needs. Thus need to be supplied through diet. - they are leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, tryptophan and histidine. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 6 cc l ReJ: Glasscock-shambaugh surgery of the ear p. 65)The normal average volume of middle ear and mastoid is 6 cc. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Venous Ulcers Causes of Leg ulcers Venous disease : Superficial incompetence ; deep venous damage (post - thrombotic) Aerial ISchemic ulcers Rheumatoid ulcers Traumatic ulcers Neuropathic ulcers (Diabetes) Neoplastic ulcers (SCC and BCC) Clinical features Venous ulcers: Sloping edge, base contains granulation tissue co... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Resuscitation formulas Formula Crystalloid volume Colloid Volume Free water Parkland 4 mL / Kg per % TBSA None None Brooke 1.5 mL/Kg per % TBSA burn 0.5 mL/Kg per % TBSA burn 2.0 L Galveston (Pediatric) 5000 mL/m2 burned area + 1500 mL/m2 total area None None Parkland Formula: Calculates disease fluid to be replaced in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
“TFG-β is practically always involved as an important fibrogenic agent” - Robbins
• The most important fibrogenic mediator (causing fibrosis) is transforming growth factor- β. It induces the proliferation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells and specialized fibrogenic cells. It is chemotactic for fibroblasts, neutrophils,... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rolling is a function of selectins.
Integrins are associated with option b,c,d. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Moro's reflex disappears by 3 - 6 months in normal infants. Persistence of the reflex after 6 months and absence or diminution of the Moro reflex within 2 to 3 months of age can be regarded as abnormal. Asymmetry of the response is usually a sign of local injury. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In most cases the disease tends to remain low grade and chronic producing only minor symptoms of abdominal distress,intermittent diarrhea and liver pain or tenderness.C.sinensis has been linked to bile duct carcinoma.It is mostly observed in areas where clonorchiasis is endemic (refer pgno:126 baveja 3 rd edition) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Currently, except uveitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid ahritis, no other condition is considered a contraindication for intraocular lens placement following cataract surgery. Ref: Phacoemulsification Surgery By Vajpayee, Page 325; Comprehensive Ophthalmology By A K Khurana, 4th Edition, Pages 141-5. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., IIb TNM and F1GO Classifications for Cervical CancerPrimary tumor (T)TNMF1GOSurgical-Pathologic FindingsCategoriesStages TX Primary' tumor cannot be assessedT0 No evidence of primary tumorTis Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma)T1ICervical carcinoma confined to the cervix (disregard extension to ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (Fever, EPS, High CPK, catatonic symptoms and autonomic dysfunction) Maximum with probably haloperidol (antipsychotic) Management: Bromocriptine, Dantrolene, Baclofen, General suppoive care. Add-on lorazepam, Occasionally ECT Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bullet-shaped or conical or heart-shaped pontic
This pontic has a convex tissue surface, which contacts the tissue at one singer point without any pressure. This pontic is very easy to clean and maintain. The only disadvantage of this design is its poor aesthetics, which results due to wide embrasures. It is indicated ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Plasmacytoid lymphoma is lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.Its a B cell neoplasm in adults.Most commonly the plasma cell component secretes monoclonal IgM,often in amount sufficient to cause a hyperviscosity syndrome, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Radiographs, tactile sensation, the presence of moisture on paper points, and knowledge of root morphology have been used to determine the length of root canal systems. Currently, the electronic apex locator is considered an accurate tool for determining working length. One study reported that the use of electronic a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., PAPA "Triple test (|MSAFP, |UE3, |total hCG) & quadruple test (-|MSAFP, -|VE3, |total hCG & |Inhibin A) can detect trisomy 21 in 70% & 80% pregnancies respectively ". | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A) Gustafsons method: Age can be determined by attrition, peridontosis, secondary dentin, cementum apposition, root resorption and transparency of root. B) The method developed by Miles permits within group assessment of age based on dental attrition. It requires a subadult sample as baseline.The upper and lower scales... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The action potentials in the SA and AV nodes are largely due to Ca2+, with no contribution by Na+ influxWhen the cholinergic vagal fibers to nodal tissue are stimulated, the membrane becomes hyperpolarized and the slope of the prepotentials is decreased because the acetylcholine released at the nerve endings increases ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tobramycin Tobramycin is not an antitubercular aminoglycoside. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b > a & c' i.e., Na+ > K+ & Ca+2 * Na+, K+ and Ca+2, all are involved in full cycle of action potential in cardiac muscle. But, the main phase (phase 0 or depalarization) is due to Na+ ions.* Phase 0 (phase of rapid depolarization) - opening of fast sodium channels with Na+ influx.* Phase 1 (initial phase of r... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Appears normal under light microscope but Electron microscope shows loss of foot processes) It is characterised by diffuse loss of foot processes of epithelial cells, which however, is detectable by electron microscopy only; Glomeruli appear normal by Light microscopy. No electron dense deposits are seen i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer CMDT 2010/1056 Alodosterone causes retention of Na+ and water band removal of K+ and H+ Therefore excess of alodosterone may result in Hypernatremia, hypeension and hypokalamia and metabolic alkalosis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sandfliters are two kinds slow sand filtwr and rapid sand filter.Slow sand fliter contains supernatant water,a bed of graded sand,under drainage system,system of filter control valves.When filter is newly laid it act as a mechanical filter later the surface of sandbed gets covered by aslimy growth called Schmutzdecke,v... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans.C. Clouding of consciousnessThe hallmark of delirium is fluctuation in the level of consciousness.Periods of lucency may be interspersed with periods of marked unresponsiveness.Another distinguishing feature is that the onset of delirium usually occurs within hours or days, whereas the onset of dementia may be insi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Crowd,mob and herd are temporary social groups.Band is a permanent social group. Ref:p.738 25th edition Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Amylin:- also called 'islet amyloid polypeptide' (IAP), is produced by pancreatic b cells and acts in the brain to reduce glucagon secretion from a cells, delay gastric emptying, retard glucose absorption and promote satiety. Pramlintide:- It is a synthetic amylin analogue which on s.c. injection before meal attenuates... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Medicolegal importance of age | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Presently, Tc - 99m sestamibi is the best available agent for parathyroid scanning. Therefore, Technetium - sestamibi (Tc - 99m MIBI) is the investigation of choice in the localization of parathyroid tumor.
Tc - 99m thallium subtraction scan is the second choice. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: Strabismus surgery The oculocardiac reflex/ Aschner phenomenon,/ Aschner reflex/ Aschner-Dagnini reflex, is a decrease in pulse rate associated with traction applied to extraocular muscles and/or compression of the eyeball. The reflex is mediated by nerve connections between the trigeminal cranial nerve and the... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
When grown on blood agar plates, Bacillus anthracis produce nonhemolytic grey to white, tenacious colonies with a rough texture and a ground-glass appearance. Comma-shaped outgrowths (Medusa head, "curled hair") may project from the colony.Jawetz 27e pg: 180 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Clinical types of osteogenesis imperfecta:
Osteogenesis imperfecta, type I
Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda
Osteogenesis imperfecta with blue sclerae
Osteogenesis imperfecta congenital; type II
Osteogenesis imperfecta congenital, neonatal lethal
Vrolik type of osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta, pr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Thoracolumbar fascia
- Lumbar part extends between the 12th rib and iliac crest.
- It has 3 layers
Anterior layer
Attachment - Anterior surface of the transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Position - anterior to quadratus lumborum
Middle layer
Attachment - the Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 157,Heading =Morphology Amyloidosis of the spleen often causes moderate or even marked enlargment. Amyloidosis may principally involve the splenic sinuses, eventually extending to the splenic pulp, with formarion of large, sheetloke deposits(lardaceous spleen). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Painful swallowing can be caused by Candida or herpes infection of the esophagus, or pill-induced esophagitis. Patients with immunodeficiency states (eg, AIDS) may have herpetic, candidal, or CMV esophagitis, as well as tumors (lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma). Candida infection is more common than the other etiologies listed... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Singeing & Smudging are the features of entry wound; not exit wound. Character Entry wound Exit wound Size Smaller than the diameter of the bullet Larger Edges Inveed Eveed` Abrasion collar and grease collar PresentQ AbsentQ Scorching, smudging & tattooing May be present Absent Bleeding Less MoreQ Fat extrusion Absent ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dorsiflexion of ankle joint is mainly by Tibialis anterior. It is also supported for the movement by extensor digitorum longus, extensor halluces longus and peroneus tertius.
Plantar flexion is mainly by soleus and gastrocnemius. It is supported for the movement by plantaris, flexor halluces longus, flexor digitorum lo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Non gonococcal urethritis is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum. Tetracycline is the drug of choice. Doxycycliine can be used as an alternative. Erythromycin can be used in case of tetracycline resistance. Less common causes include staphylococcus aureus, gam negative rods, candida... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The drugs of choice for alcoholic detoxification are usually benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide (80-200 mg/day in divided doses) and diazepam (40-80 mg/day in divided doses) are the most frequently used benzodiazepines. The higher limit of the normal dose range is used in delirium tremens. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychia... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
PSC associated with ulcerative colitis eventually leads to biliary cirrhosis. Investigations reveal a cholestatic pattern in LFT with an elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase & gamma-glutamyltransferase. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC ranges from 7 to 13%. Reference: Bailey & love&;s sho pr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Development of fat embolism syndrome in traumatized patients (i.e. post-traumatic fat embolism syndrome) is favored by :-
Several general pre-existent conditions : old age, diabetes mellitus.
Severe coexisting pathological condition following the trauma event : Shock, sepsis, DIC
Local conditions : Pressure, fracture... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. b (Sac is posterior to cord). (Ref. B & L, Surgery, 25th/pg. 70, 971)INGUINAL HERNIAS# Indirect inguinal hernia:- It is the remains of the processus vaginalis and therefore is congenital in origin.-It is more common than a direct inguinal hernia.- It is much more common in males than in females.- It is more common... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mid.day meal programme was introduced in a large scale in 1960s under the chief ministership of K. Kamraj Nadar in Tamil Nadu. Ref: National Health Programmes in India, J.Kishore, 10th edition pg: 453 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery 25th Edition Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery Chapter 29 I pg 396-7Explanation:Grafts are tissues that are transferred without their blood supply, which therefore have to revascularise once they are in a new site.They include the following:Split-thickness skin grafts (of... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcosis, especially cryptococcal meningitis. The organisms can be seen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in India ink preparations as an oval budding yeast surrounded by a wide, unstained polysaccharide capsule. Candida albicans, the most important species of Candida, causes thrush and ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Therapeutic Index) (55- KDT6th) (32-33-LP3rd)Therapeutic Index - The therapeutic index of a drug is ratio of the dose that produces toxicity to the dose that produces a clinically desired or effective response in a population of individuals* A drug may be capable of inducing a higher therapeutic response (have higher ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumor in adults.
Hemangiopericytoma is also retrobulbar intraconal lesion found in adults but is a rare tumor Moreover owing to its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues, its margins are less distinct than cavernous hemangioma.
Rest 2 options i.e. Dermoid and... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Option d occurs in lagging strand. Not in leading strand. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Malathion has the least toxicity of all organophosphorus compounds. Water disperaible powders are available. Malathion is used in doses of 100-200 mg/sq.ft. every 3 months. (Lindane, malathion OMS-33 duration of effectiveness is 3 months) while DDT has effectiveness for 6 to 12 months. Due to low toxicity malathion is ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Increase glucose levels (E.g.: after meals) | Glucose entry into pancreatic cells. | Glucose undergoes glycolysis & generate ATP. | ATP - sensitive K+ channels inhibited, causing depolarization of the cell membrane. | Voltage gated Ca++ channels open. Influx of Ca++ into the cell. | Fusion of insulin containing vesicle... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
There are approximately 400-700 minor salivary glands in the oral cavity. Pleomorphic adenomas (mixed tumors) can occur in any of them. These round tumors have a rubbery consistency and are slow-growing; all are potentially malignant. Unless adequately excised, they tend to recur locally in a high percentage of cases. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus often injures the axillary nerve, which innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles. Abduction of the humerus between 15deg and the horizontal is performed by the deltoid muscle. Lateral rotation of the humerus is mainly performed by the deltoid muscle, teres minor, and t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The whole of glycine is incorporated into the purine ring. (C4, C5, and N7)Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 7th edition, page no: 212 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
It is the most common manifestation of asbestosis exposure composed of plaques of dense collagen containing calcium.they are usually asymptomatic and develop on anteroir and postereolateral pas of parietal pleura and over diaphragm.(ref Robbins 9/e p691) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cardiac arrest Both asphyxia and cardiac arrest are causes of death in cafe coronary. Most of the guides have given asphyxia as the answer. But according to me cardiac arrest is the better one. Read following statements : "Death appears to be due to sudden hea attack." -- Reddy "The bolus offood obstr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Odiosoft rhino is an equipment used to measure the sound produced by nasal airflow. Measurement of nasal air flow sounds helps us to indirectly assess the presence/absence of nasal block as well as accurately identifying the site of the block. Ref: | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
TCA cycle consists of sequential reactions. It begins with condensation of four carbon oxaloacetate molecule with 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to form six carbon citrate molecule. In subsequent reaction two carbon atoms are lost in the form of CO2 at two different reactions. A series of modifications occur in the remai... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Werdnig-Hoffman disease is an autosomal recessive, congenital, muscular hypotonia characterized by marked neurogenic muscular atrophy. This condition is also called "infantile spinal muscular atrophy" and is primarily due to the destruction of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. All other diseases listed are me... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Role in Enzyme Action: Cu forms integral pa of ceain enzymes, e.g. some of cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase, Monoamine oxidase (MAO), Lysyl oxidase, Catalase, Ascorbic acid oxidase, uricase and superoxide dismutase. These enzymes contain about 550 mg of Cu per gram of enzyme proteinRef: MN Chatterjea Textboo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) NasopharynxRef: Harrison's 19th ed. / 997, 999* The natural habitat and reservoir for meningococci is the mucosal surfaces of the human nasopharynx and, to a lesser extent, the urogenital tract and anal canal.* Approximately 5-10% of adults are asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers, but that number increases to... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. Type IV placenta pre Caesarean section Indications of classical caesarean section Previous classical cesarean section Neglected shoulder with anhydramnios Structural abnormality making approach to lower segment difficult Constriction ring due to neglected labor Fibroids in lower segment Anterior placenta ac... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
38 weeks Historically obstetric cholestasis was thought to be benign disease. Biochemical abnormalities and pruritus in obstetric cholestasis persists until delivery following which resolution occurs. - Pruritus usually improves within 1 week liver function tests returns to normal in 3-7 days in the majority and 4-6 we... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) First Metacarpophalangeal jointREF: Gray's anatomy, 39ta edition page 396The primary motor cortex contains a detailed topographically organized map (motor homunculus) of the opposite body half, with the head represented most laterally, and the legs and feet represented on the medial surface of the hemispher... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis brevis * Extensor carpi Radialis longus lies in the 2nd extensor compartment and is crossed by the following muscles.# Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis brevis (1st extensor compartment)# Extensor Pollicis Longus (3rd extensor compartment) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Alkaptonuria/Black urine disease/AlcaptonuriaIt is a rare inherited genetic disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.This is an autosomal recessive condition that is due to a defect in the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, which paicipates in the degradation of tyrosine.As a result, homogentisic acid and i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Child - Turcotte-pugh(CTP) score CTP score is a measure to assess hepatic function in many liver diseases It was initially devised to classify patients into risk groups prior to undergoing Poo-systemic shunt surgeries It is used to assess prognosis in cirrhosis and many liver disease Divided into 3 classes Class A- 5-6... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acetate, propionate and butyrate are short chain fatty acids formed in the colon by action of bacteria. They are reabsorbed in the colon itself. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
PANCOAST TUMOR (SUPERIOR SULCUS TUMOR) Pancoast's (or superior sulcus tumor) syndrome results for local extension of a tumor growing in the apex of the lung with involvement of eighth cervical and 1st and 2nd thoracic nerves, with shoulder pain characteristically radiates in the ulnar Often Horner's syndrome and Pancoa... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a (Breast). (Ref. Robbin, Pathology 6th ed., 17, 18 and Bailey & Love, 24th ed., 545)Fat necrosis is seen in breast, acute pancreatitis, etc. It does not denote a specific pattern of necrosis; rather it is focal area of fat destruction, due to release of pancreatic lipase. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Metabolic bone disease is caused by excess intake of vitamin -A.Retinoic acid has a role in the regulation of gene expression and differentiation of tissues. All-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid act like steroid hormones. They bind to nuclear receptors; retinoic acid along with the receptor binds to the resp... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This is a case of carcinoid tumour. Presents with: - Chronic diarrhoea Intermittent facial flushing Murmur consistent with tricuspid stenosis Most common location in GIT is distal pa of ileum. Stained with chromogranin. Associated with MEN1 syndrome/ Wermer syndrome. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (Myocardial Reperfusion) Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm is the most common arrhythmia seen after successful reperfusion of a blocked coronary vessel and hence is often also termed as a `reperfusion rhythm or reperfusion arrhythmia'. 'Arrhythmias are common after reperfusion. The most common post reperfu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bilhemia It is an extremely rare condition Bile flows into the blood stream either through the hepatic veins or poal vein branches Etiology High intra biliary pressure, exceeding that of venous system (CBD stone). Gallstones eroding into the poal vein. Accidental or iotrogenic trauma Clinical features Rapidly increasin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cisatracurium is preferred over atracurium as it does not release histamine. Onset of action is same for both atracurium and cisatracurium. Cis-atracurium has longer duration of action. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Flow cytometry
It is gold standard test for diagnosis of PNW
It shows absence of CD55 and CD59 on RBC | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Alzheimer's disease | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgA nephropathyIgA Nephropathy: shows presence of electron dense deposits in the mesangium. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Surface marking of pleura"All the even ribs, in order: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 show its route":Rib2: Sharp angle inferiorlyRib4: The left pleura does a lateral shift to accommodate heaRib6: Both diverge laterallyRib8: Midclavicular lineRib10: Midaxillary lineRib12: The back | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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