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Broad casts are believed to emanate from damaged and dilated tubules and are therefore seen in end-stage chronic renal disease. The so-called telescoped urinary sediment is one in which red cells, white cells, oval fat bodies, and all types of casts are found in more or less equal profusion Ref Harrison20th edition pg ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cattle o Human brucellosis is a zoonosis, acquired from animals directly or indirectly. The animals that commonly act as sources:Sheep, goat ami camel -Br. melitensisCattle or Buffalo-Br. abortusSwine-Br. suisDog-Br. Canis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The primary mechanism of action is by blockade of voltage gated sodium channels and block sodium entry into cell. From padmaja 4th edition Page no 200 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rating 3: Positive. Acceptance of treatment; cautious behavior at times; willingness to comply with the dentist, at times with reservation, but patient follows the dentist's directions cooperatively. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Toxocara | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Clostridium botulinum produces type A toxin. It acts by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the synapses and neuromuscular junction. Thus blocks neuromuscular transmission. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Page no: 269 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Atrial flutter is characterized by regular atrial activation with an atrial rate of > 240 beats/min. The ventricular response depends on the conduction of the AV node, usually there is 2:1 or 3:1 conduction. It is now known that the predominant mechanism for atrial flutter is right atrial macro reentry with circular ac... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cubitus valgus -medial closing wedge osteotomy, lateral opening wedge osteotomy * Milch devised two osteotomies * Milch type I fractures (Salter-Harris type IV) -- Little lateral displacement when the nonunion is seen relatively early. -- Cubitus valgus usually is not as marked. -- Types * Closing wedge medial osteotom... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Bile salt | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Peripheral zone) (1045-CSDT 12th) (1354-B &L 25th)CARCINOMA OF PROSTATE - 90% of tumours are adenocarcinoma the tumour arises primarily in the peripheral zone (70%) an area that differs in embryoic derivation from the periurethral (transition) zone which is the site of formation of benign prostatic hyperplasiaScreenin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Most guides have given option a as the answer.
I have done extensive search on this. First you see the topical adverse effects of parasympathomimetic antiglaucoma drugs (from yanoff & Duker) :-
Directly acting (cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine, carbachol) → Miosis, uveitis, browache, cataracts, myopia, retinal de... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (c) It is always unilateralRef: Campbell Urology 11th Edition, Page 3568* Wilm's Tumor presents with both unilateral and bilateral tumor. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(C) Ascending loop # Loop diuretics: are diuretics that act on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney.> They are primarily used in medicine to treat hypertension and edema often due to congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency.# Mechanism of action:> Loop diuretics act on the Na+-K+-2CI' symporter (cotransport... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Aspirin inactivates cyclo-oxygenase by irreversible acetylation of the enzyme and thereby inhibit the synthesis of thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 normally promotes platelet aggregation. This COX inhibition lasts for 7 - 10 days till fresh platelets are formed. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition Page no 344 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Biweekly supplementation of iron & FA to 6-60 months of age - Under national Iron + Iniative, the following age groups are covered for lifelong supplementation of iron from the age of 6 month onwards:Bi-weekly 20 mg elemental iron and 100 microgram (mcg) folic acid per ml of liquid formulation and age... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Priapism is of two types. A low-flow (ischemic), painful priapism and the other high-flow (non-ischemic), painless priapism.
Penile angiography is not indicated in the painful, low-flow priapism. It is indicated for the high-flow, non-ischemic priapism which is painless.
Priapism
Priapism is defined as prolonged erec... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Amphotericin B infusion is associated with Acute Reaction which consists of chills, fever, aches and pain all over, nausea, vomiting and dyspnoea lasting for 2- 5 hour, probably due to release of cytokines (IL, TNFa). Therefore to prevent this reaction, patient should be premedicated with: H1 antihistaminics like diphe... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sodium valproate is drug of choice in rapid cycling | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Colon (Ref: Sabiston 19/e p1244; Schwartz 9/e p992-993; Bailey 26th/1197-1198, 25th/1261-1262: Shackelford 7/e p592-593)Post-operative ileus is most commonly seen in colon.Post-operative IleusFollowing most abdominal operations or injuries, the motility of the GI tract is transiently impaired.Proposed mechanism... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The alpha amino group of amino acid can be transferred to alpha keto acid to form the corresponding new amino acid and alpha keto acid .This is a impoant reaction in the body for the interconversion of amino acids and for the synthesis of non-essential aminoacids. For example: Aminogroup is exchanged between alanine an... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(b) Foreign body(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 2; 243)Antrochoanal polyp usually presents with unilateral nasal obstruction. Nasal discharge if occurs is mucoid.Angiofibroma presents with repeated torrential or profuse epistaxis in pubertal males.Rhinosporidiosis presents with epistaxis and a mulberry nasal mass. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The given radiological image shows Aoic dissection involving arch of aoa which comes under Stanford type A. Stanford type A is usually associated with complications like Coronary occlusion Aoic regurgitation Cardiac tamponade -Hence Surgical repair is needed for this type Stanford type B If no life-threatening complica... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
surgical landmark of parotid surgery are : Tragal pointer Digastric posterior belly Styloid process tympansmastoid suture ref : hazarika 4th ed | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lymphangiosarcoma Stewart-Treves' syndrome:* Ulceration, non-healing bruises and raised purple-red nodules in patients with lymphatic disorders, should lead to suspicion of malignancy.* Lymphangiosarcoma was originally described in postmastectomy oedema (Stewart-Treves' syndrome) and affects around 0.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Metachromatic granules (Volutin, Babes Ernst, polar bodies) are present in Corynebacterium. These granules act as energy stores and are made of polymetaphosphate. Present more at the poles. Are more gram positive than the cytoplasm on Gram staining. These granules are stained by toluidine blue in Albe/Neisser/Ponder st... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The Apgar score is a practical method of systematically assessing newborn infants immediately after bih. The Apgar score was not designed to predict neurologic outcome. Low Apgar scores and umbilical aery blood pH predict neonatal death. An Apgar score of 0-3 at 5 min is uncommon but is a better predictor of neonatal d... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Idiopathic cresentic glomerulonephritis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Diphenoxylate - is an opioid - it binds to mu receptors in the GIT - works by slowing motility of GIT. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) SepsisRef: Sabiston Textbook of surgery, 20th ed; 671 -673.COMPLICATIONS* Most common complication following intestinal transplant -- Bacterial infection 70-90% (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Enterococci) followed by viral infection (CMV infection)* PTLD is more common following intestinal transplant 1... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(b) Jugulo-digastric lymph node(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 3; 742)Lymphatic drainage of tonsil is to jugulo-digastric lymph node (upper deep cervical lymph node). The most common cause of enlargement of these lymph nodes is the tonsillar infection because of which they are also known as tonsillar nodes.Jugulo-omohy... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease) In contrast to the parietal-temporal distribution of pathological findings in Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease is characterized by a preponderance of atrophy in the frontotemporal regions. Pick's disease is difficult to distinguish from dementia of the Alzheimer's type, altho... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Pectoralis major(Ref. Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 813)Structures removed in Patey's mastectomy:* Breast, nipple, areola including the skin overlying the tumor* Level 1,2,3 Lymphnodes* Fascia over Pectoralis major* Pectoralis minor muscle | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
*Lower cervical spine injury is the most commonly involved region in the cervical spine. It is most common at C5-C6 level. These injuries may cause severe damage to the cord and consequently paraplegia. Ref: Apley's 9th/e p.816 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In the video ,structure being examined has originated from Anterior Tibial Aery =Dorsalis Pedis Aery Pulse can be palpated readily lateral to the Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon (or medially to the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Blood supply of thoracic part of oesophagus is aorta. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle primarily produces flexion at the wrist and at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Innervation is provided by the median nerve (C8-T1).The brachialis muscle is supplied by musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7).The femoral nerve (L2 and L3) in... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Remifentanil is a derivative of Fentanyl,an opioid analgesic. It is sho acting and is used for induction of anesthesia along with other IV anesthetics. They can be used epidurally in low doses to provide post operative analgesia. From padmaja 4th edition Page no 197 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Elevated pressure in left atrium | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) 5 radsRef: Park 20th ed p 651 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The longer path of the network is called critical path .If any activity along the critical path is delayed,the entire project will be delayed (refer pgno:872 park 23 rd edition) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is'a'i.e., Ropinirole Drugs of choice for Restless leg syndrome are dopamine agonists like ropinirole or promipole or rotigotine.Levodopa can also be used. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Veical downbeat nystagmus indicates lesion at craniocervical region such as Arnold-Chiari malformation or degenerative lesion of the cerebellum. Veical upbeat nystagmus is seen in lesions at the junction of pons and medulla or pons and midbrain. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 43. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is d i.e. Rifampicin Interacuons of OCP's with other Drugs | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Liothyronine (T3) as compared to thyroxine (T4) is:
Fast acting
More potent
Short half-life
An indication of liothyronine includes myxedema coma and for most of the indications, thyroxine is used because it has a long half-life thus can be used less frequently than T3. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. 90 percent | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Perseveration is continuing with a verbal response which was initially appropriate, However, thereafter there is persistent and inappropriate repetition of the same verbal response. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C i.e. Actinomycese israelii | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Lens opacity due to glaucoma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
TRANSFORMATION: it is the transfer of genetic information through the agency of free DNA REF:Ananthanarayan and Panicker's Textbook ofMicrobiology 8thEdition pg no:63 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
During electrochemical corrosion of low-copper amalgams, the Sn-Hg phase is oxidized into Sn-O and/or Sn-O-Cl. The oxychloride species is soluble. The oxide precipitates as crystals and tends to fill up the spaces occupied by the original Sn-Hg phase. Along the margins of the amalgam, Sn-O helps seal the space agains... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Ref: KDT 6/e p99-100) The active region of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has two sites i.e. an anionic site and an esteratic site. Anticholinesterase poisoning like Organophosphate compounds binds to esteratic site of AChE. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The denticulate ligaments are lateral extensions of pia mater between the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves that attach to the dura mater. These ligaments function to keep the spinal cord in the midline position. The posterior longitudinal ligament supports the posterior aspect of the vertebrae within the v... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Principal cause of death in renal transplant patients in decreasing order Hea disease Infection Stroke | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
FactorMedical RxSurgical RxInvasiveNoYesPainMoreLessVaginal bleedingProlonged, unpredictableLight, predictableIncomplete aboionMore commonUncommonFailure rate2-5%1%Severe bleeding0.1%0.1%Infection rateLowLowAnesthesiaUsually noneYesTime involvedMultiple visits, follow upOne visit, no follow upReference: Textbook of Obs... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The thermoreceptors are on the free nerve endings of unmyelinated C fibers and small myelinated (Ad) sensory fibers. Proprioception (i.e., the sense of muscle tension and length) is conveyed by la and lb afferent fibers, which innervate muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. Vibration is detected by Pacinian corpuscl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The whole procedure of exhumation should be conducted and completed in natural day light. Therefore, it is usually started early in morning. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
HPV causes human papillomatosis REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.553 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is b' i.e., Given to newborn contact Varicella-Zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) given within 72 hours of exposure has been recommended for prevention of chickenpox in exposed susceptible individuals paicularly in immunosupprressed persons. These include :? a) Susceptible persons receiving imunosuppressive therapy b) P... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Population <15 years and >65 yearsRef: K. Park 23rd ed. / 484* Dependency ratio is the proportion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age who are considered to be dependent on economically productive age group (15-64).Dependency Ratio =Persons <15 yrs + > 65 yrs---------------------... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Role-playing / Sociodrama:
The size of the group should be about 25. The audience should take an active part by suggesting alternative solutions and even by taking part in the drama.
The situation is dramatized to make communication more effective.
It is followed by a discussion of the problem.
Puppet shows used in v... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) DrynessRef. Katzung'a Pharamacology 10th ed. Ch 7* Anti-cholinergic agent/Muscarinic antagonists are the class of drugs which competitively inhibit the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Therefore decreasing secretion from glands leading to DRYNESS.* Anti-cholinergic side-effect can be remembered... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Grievous Injury (S.320, I.P.C): Any of the following injuries are grievous. Emasculation Permanent privation of sight of either eye Permanent privation of hearing of either ear Privation of any member or joint Destruction or permanent impairing of the power of any member or joint Permanent disfiguration of the head or ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Thromboembolic disease (Pulmonary embolism) is the most common cause of death after total hip replacement. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Intermediate grade | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
To withstand high pressure cylinders are made up of molybdenum and steel. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sb a patient of hit B12 deficiency anemia keeps taking folate the anemia will improve but the neurological symptoms will worsen. ref : harrisons 21st ed | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cerebral infarction | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
DDT Repeat fromNov 08 Mosquito control measures may be divided into 3 steps: I. Anti-larval measures Anti-adult measures Protection against mosquito bites Anti-larval measures a. Environmental control (Source reduction) Source reduction means elimination of the breeding places of mosquitoes. This is the most impoant st... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Features Yellow/white phosphorus Red phosphorus Colour and appearance White, waxy, crystalline translucent soft cylinders. On exposure to air becomes yellow Violet-red, amorphous mass Taste and odour Garlicky odour and taste Odourless and tasteless Luminosity in dark Luminous Not luminous Exposure to air Phosphorescenc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The term “secondary structure” denotes the configurational relationship between residues, which are about 3–4 amino acids apart in the linear sequence.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ed, pg 36 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(B) Aseptic meningitis > In adult males, mumps can cause bilateral orchitis and sterility, Meningitis usually follow parotitis and acute pancreatitis occurs in 2nd week, may result in diabetes mellitus.> Meningo encephalitis results 3-10 days after onset of glandular swelling.> Incubation period of mumps is 12-21 days ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reversal of anaesthesia Second gas effect and diffusion hvpoxia In initial pa of induction, diffusion gradient from alveoli to blood is high and larger quantity of anaesthetic is entering blood. If the inhaled Concentration of anaesthetic is high (eg N20), Substantial loss of alveolar gas volume will ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Sevoflurane fast acting with pleasant smell , most appropriate for pediatric patients. Sevoflurane is the most commonly used inhalational agent for induction. This is because of its lack of pungency and low blood: gas solubility of 0.65 which allows for a smooth induction of anesthesia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hydroxyproline is a derived amino acid and there is no tRNA available to transpo derived amino acids.Hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine are two examples of derived amino acid for which there is no t-RNA available. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Pthisis bulbiOption b - Open Angle Glaucoma is the most frequent local alteration predisposing to RVO, its it comprises venous outflow by increasing IOP|Raised IOP causes compression of central retinal vein as it exits through the fenestrations of Lamina Cribrosa|Leads to thrombus formation distal to compressi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Increase surface area by surfactanta. Stability of alveoli of alveoli is mainly the function of surfactant which prevents their collapse under Surface tension.b. Factors like Residual air, Negative intra pleural pressure, Compliance mainly affect the inflation and deflation of lung during respiration.c. They do... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acanthosis
This term is used to describe an increase in a number of cells in the spinous cell layer or prickle cell layer of the epidermis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans) b (Mumps) Ref Dhingra 4th edition p34-36Measles, mumps and cytomegalovirus are well documented to produce labryrinthitis which is common cause for acquired SNHL.Viruses usually reach the inner ear by blood stream affecting stria vascularis and then endolymph and organ of corti.Several other viruses, eg rubella, he... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., PCODGnRH agonistso Long acting GnRH (LHRH) agonists causes reversible pharmacological orchiectomy (medical castration) and are used for precocious puberty, prostatic carcinoma, endometriosis, premenopausal breast cancer, uterine leiomyoma, polycystic ovarian disease and to assist induced ovulation,o G... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Thyroid related ophthalmopathy 5 times more common in female Extra ocular muscles involvement: I - Inferior rectus Am - Medial rectus So - Superior rectus Lucky - Lateral rectus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Inherited hyperammonemias are a group of six diseases caused by inborn deficiencies of the enzymes of the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle. The enzymes involved are: 1. N-acetyl glutamate synthetase 2. Arbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) 3. Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) 4. Argininosuccinic acid synthetase (citrullinemia) 5... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., GouldThe sentinel lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer.The term sentinel lymph node was first used by Gould. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
BLISTERS: ANTEMOEM: Contains serous fluid with proteins and chlorides. Base is inflamed POSTMOEM: Contain air and thin fluid only REF: The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 29th edition page no: 164. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (C) Coxiella burnetiiREF: Harrison's 17ed table 167.1Q fever is caused by "Coxiella burnetii" by Inhalation of aerosols of infected parturition material (sheep, dogs, others), ingestion of infected milk or milk product. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Rennin is present in the Gastric juice whereas Renin is related to kidney. Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology; 24th edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The extrinsic and Intrinsic pathways in coagulation converge at the Stua factor X. REF: ROBBINS pathology 10th edition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.33) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (B) Epinephrine inj (Ref: KDT 8th/e p149)Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock. It is given by s.c. or i.m. route in a concentration of 1:1000. Intravenous route is rarely used but at much lower (1:10,000) concentration. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mackler’s triad consists of chest pain, vomiting and subcutaneous emphysema. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mutton fat keratic precipitates are seen in granulomatous iridocyclitis (eg:Tuberculosis, Sarcoidosis) Fuch's heterochromia cyclitis is not seen in non-granulomatous iridocyclitis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Quantity of radionuclide disintegrating per second | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is (c) Intussusception A syndrome of colicky pain, passage of blood per rectum and a palpable mass (the intussuscepted segment) is characteristic of intussusception. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Essentials of medical pharmacology, seventh edition, page no=357 Answer is option 4,all the above Since carisoprodol, baclofen, and haloperidol are centrally acting muscle relaxants. These are drugs which reduce skeletal muscle tone by a selective action in the cerebrospinal axis without altering consciousness. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is a way form of TB acquired from an exogenous source and can be an occupational hazard for farmers, butchers and anatomists ( coming into contact with infected material. seen in persons with high degree of immunity Lesions present usually as deep seated papules plaques or nodules at the si... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
HLA B27-Ankylosing spondylitis HLA DR4-Rheumatoid ahritis HLA B8-myasthenia gravis Ref: Textbook of Microbiology Baveja 5th ed Pg 135 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methotrexate Drugs causing folate deficiencyInterference with folic acid absorptionInhibition of dihydrofolate reductaseImpair folate metabolismo Phenytoino Phenobarbitoneo Primidoneo Sulfasalazineo Cotrimoxazoleo Methotrexateo Pyrimethamineo Triametereneo Pentamidineo Trimethoprimo Alcohol | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is d, i.e. Pelvic assessmentRef Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 329IOC for detecting CPD or pelvic assessment or adequacy is - MRI.Best method of detecting CPD-Trial of labor > MRI > manual pelvic assessment.Pelvic assessment is done at 37 weeks in primigravida and at the onset of labor in multigravida. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Serial interval. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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