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Ans. c. GliomaOctreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin and its pharmacological actions are similar to somatostatin, used in insulinoma, glucagonoma and carcinoid tumors but not in glioma."Somatostatin is a hypothalamic peptide that regulates the function of several endocrine and exocrine glands.Somatostatin a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
- If the incidence of carcinoma cervix in those with single paner is 'I' , then the incidence in those with multiple sexual paners will be 5 'I'. - Now attributable risk = (Incidence in exposed-Incidence in non-exposed/Incidence in exposed ) X 100 = (5I-I / 5I) X 100 = (4/5) X 100 = 80%. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Aldosterone antagonists Renal epithelial Ma+ channel inhibitors o Spironolactone o Eplerenone o Canrenone o Potassium canrenone o Pordenone o Mexrenone o Amiloride o Triamterene Classification: High efficacy diuretics (LOOP DIURETICS) (lnhibitors of Na+-K+-2Cl- - cotransport) Medium e... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., It is an inflammatory arthritis o Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder of synovial joints in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage accompanied by new growth of cartilage and bone at the joint margins (osteophytes), cyst formation and sclerosis in the subch... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fixation of vocal cords on examination is T3 lesion.Total laryngectomy. The entire larynx including the hyoid bone, pre-epiglottic space, strap muscles and one or more rings of trachea are removed. Pharyngeal wallis repaired and lower tracheal stump sutured to the skin for breathing. Laryngectomy may be combined with b... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The common sites of fracture in the skull are:(a) The parietal area of the vault.(b) The middle cranial fossa of the base. This fossa is weakened by numerous foramina and canals.The facial bones commonly fractured are: (a) The nasal bone and (b) the mandible.Some clinical features of petrous temporal bone fractureBattl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is D (None): All statements about Barret's Esophagus are true Stricture in Barret's esophagus may present in high oesophagus Barret's oesophagus can also lead to chronic peptic ulcers of the esophagus with high and long strictures. Barret's esophagus is premalignant Barret's esophagus can progress to adenocarcin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Industrial worker is not included in the targeted intervention. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,23rd edition,page no:436,20th edition,pg no:373. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) 12TC temperature for 15 minREF: Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan & Paniker 7th edition page 27, Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 7th ed by Cappuccin page 283Working temperature and time for different techniques of sterilization:InstrumentPrincipleControlTempPressureTimeHot air ovenDry heatClostr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ovariotomy | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., IAnaphylactic shock is caused by type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Complement deficiencies are said to comprise between 1 and 10% of all primary immunodeficiencies. The genetic deficiency of early components of the classical pathway (C1q, C1r/s, C2, C4) tends to be linked with autoimmune diseases, whereas C5 to C9 deficiency may have enhanced susceptibility to meningococcal disease. R... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The primary mechanism responsible for spontaneous abortion in septate uterus is partial or complete implantation on avascular septum. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acyclovir is the drug of choice for herpes simplex viral infections. Viral infection Drug of choice Herpes simplex Acyclovir Herpes zoster Valacyclovir CMV Ganciclovir Influenza Oseltamivir RSV Ribavirin Hepatitis B Tenofovir Hepatitis C Combination of oral drugs* HIV Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Eirenz *HCV protease inhib... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyperkalemia Tall T wave in E.C.G :o Tall T wave may be seen in a variety of settings.# Classical peaked or utented and fair narrow based T waves are usually the result of hyperkalemia :-# While no frequently used criteria have been validated they may be generally > 10mm in height as measured in the p... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Secondary Amenorrhea Definition: In women who have menstruated previously, no menses for an interval of time equivalent to a total of at least three previous cycles or 6 months Uterus must contain a functional endometrium that can respond to the actions of ovarian sex steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone When es... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is `a' i.e., Aspergillus Septate hyphae and involvement of sinuses suggets the diagnosis of Aspergillus infection. Aspergillus can cause sinusitis and the hyphae of Aspergillus are septate and branched. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ebner's Gland or Von Ebner Glands are exocrine glands located on the dorsal surface of tongue and are responsible for the secretion of lingual lipase. Lingual lipase is a acid stable lipase. Lingual lipase uses a catalytic triad consisting of Aspaatic Acid, Histidine, and Serine, to initiate the hydrolysis of a triglyc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
PGE | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Microscopic fat globules can be found in the pulmonary vasculature after fractures of long bones or, rarely, in the setting of soft tissue trauma and burns. Fat embolism syndrome is the term applied to the minority of patients who become symptomatic. It is characterized by pulmonary insufficiency, neurologic symptoms, ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Dysfunction of enzyme is most common case | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Forrest classification- stratify patients with upper GI hemorrhage into high and low risk categories for moality. It is also a significant method of prediction of the risk of re-bleeding and is used for evaluation of the endoscopic intervention modalities. Acute hemorrhage Forrest Ia (Spuing hemorrhage) Forrest Ib (Ooz... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
* Strict isolation is must for patient diagnosed with diphtheria. * Even when clinically suspected, patient must be isolated. * A staff who has known immunisation history should nurse the patient. Ref:- Greenwood medical microbiology 18th ed; pg num:- 202 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans-B | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mutation o The most common mechanism of antitubercular drugs resistance is by mutation - INH --> Catalase - peroxidase gene (Kat G) or inh A gene. Rifampin --> rpo B gene PZA --> pnc A gene ETB --> emb B gene Streptomycin --> 16 S rRNA gene (rrs) or ribosomal protein S-12 gene (rpst). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'a' ie at pelvic brim The clinician is able to judge the position of the stone by the history of pain - Position of stone Site of Pain * At PUJ or upper ureter Pain radiates to the testicles * At middle of the ureter (ie at crossing of gonadal vessels and ureter) Pain is referred to Mc Burneys point on the right... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Is b i.e. Choroids plexus cyst Abnormalities associated with Down's syndrome (as listed in Benacerraf and Callen). Brachycephaly (sho frontal lobe) Ventriculomegaly Flat facies, small earsdeg Increase nuchal fold thickness Absent nasal bone Cystic hygroma (more associated with trisomy 18) Sho humerus and femur Cli... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is D (Emphysematous Appendicitis): Emphysematous Appendicitis has not been listed as a fatal complication of diabetes mellitus. Malignant Otitis Externa is a potential life threatening complication of Diabetes 'Invasive otitis externa, also known as malignant otitis externa or necrotizing otitis externa is an ag... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Noradrenaline acts on vascular smooth muscles to cause vasoconstriction. This is mediated by adrenergic sympathetic fibers. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Phenylketonuria: - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common metabolic disorder in amino acid metabolism. The incidence of PKU is 1 in 10,000 bihs. It is due to the deficiency of the hepatic enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, caused by an autosomal recessive gene Phenylalanine metabolism in PKU: Phenylketonuria primaril... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Most common complication of ECT is amnesia. Both retrograde and antegrade amnesia occurs. Retrograde amnesia is more common than antegrade. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tricuspid atresia symptoms in children include: Cyanosis: a blue or purple tint to lips, skin and nails. Hea murmur: the hea sounds abnormal when a doctor listens with a stethoscope. .Abnormal shape of the fingeips ("clubbing") in older children. Finger clubbing is seen in aoic dissection Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 4... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The main source of production of relaxin is the corpus luteum of the ovary but pa of it may also be produced by the placenta and decidua. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: (b) 18 hoursWilliams' Obstetrics, 24th editionFirst Stage of LaborTwo phases of cervical dilatation are defined:Latent phaseActive phaseThe latent phase corresponds to the preparatory division, and the active phase, to the dilatational division.Friedman subdivided the active phase into the:Acceleration phasePhase ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer KDT 7/e p 293 Etidronate and phneytoin cause osteomalacia whereas calcitriol is used in treatment of osteoporosis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Desflurane | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: a (Margination) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p.The sequence of events of leukocyte journey from vessel lumen to interstitial tissue is divided into the following steps.a) Margination: leukocyte accumulation along endothelial surface.b) Rolling: Tumbling of leukocyte along the endothelium with transient adherence.c) Adhes... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Suspended animation is a state of apparent death in which signs of life are not found as functions of life are interrupted or reduced to minimum for some time. Resuscitation is possible. It can be voluntarily produced in yogis. Involuntarily it is seen in newborns, electrocution, cholera, shock, etc. It lasts for few s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mucocele of appendix:
A mucocele of the appendix is an obstructive dilatation by intraluminal accumulation of mucoid material.
Mucoceles may be caused by one of four processes: retention cysts, mucosal hyperplasia, cystadenomas, and cystadenocarcinomas.
The clinical presentation of a mucocele is nonspecific, and often ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: PubMedCat.Type of Bag/ Container usedType of wasteTreatment/ disposal optionsYellowNon-chlorinated plastic bagsSeparate collection system leading to effluent treatment system* Human anatomical waste* Animal anatomical waste* Soiled waste* Expired or discarded medicines* Chemical waste* Micro, Bio-t and other clini... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Time limit for registration of death is within 7 days and that of bih is within 14 days. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is'c'i.e., Iess side effects Terlipresin is preferred over vasopressin because : -Fewer adverse effectsGreater convenience in use | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lesion in the frontal lobe may result in the frontal lobe syndrome. Sectioning the connections between prefrontal coex and diencephalon will also cause prefrontal coex to be put out of action - prefrontal leucotomy. Such lesions are characterized by: (i) flight of ideas, difficulty in planning; (ii) euphoria; (iii) mem... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bronchial asthma Pathology of Asthma Gross ? Lungs are overdistended because of overinflation and there may be small area of atelactasis. The most striking macroscopic finding is occlusion of bronchi and bronchioles by thick tenacious mucus plugs. Histology ? Characterized by presence of numerous eosi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uveitis o Keratic precipitates (KPs) are proteinaceous cellular deposits occurring at the back of cornea (corneal endothelial deposits). Keratic precipitates are formed by the aggregation of polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, and epitheloid cells. In the setting of uveitis, the bimicrosopic appeara... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Varicella The association of limb reduction defects with scarring of skin suggests the diagnosis of congenital varicella syndrome."Congenital Varicella syndrome is characteristically associated with limb reduction defects (if infection occurs prior to limb bud formation) and scarring of skin."Congenital Varicel... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., PAS positive macrophages and rod shaped bacilli in lamina propria o The hallmark of Whipple's disease is a small intestinal mucosa laden with distended macrophages in the lamina propria- the macrophages contain periodic acid-schiff (PAS) positive granules and rod shaped bacilli by electron microscopy.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Power of a Test:
– Is probability of rejecting a Null hypothesis when a predetermined clinically significant difference is indeed
present
– Measures the ability to demonstrate an association, when one really exists
– Power of a statistical test: 1 – b ( 1 – probability of Type II error)
– Power of a statistical test is... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The Rectus femoris flexes the thigh and extends the leg. The Saorius can flex both the hip and knee joints. The Gracilis adducts and flexes the thigh and flexes the leg The Vastus Medialis extends the knee joint. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Alexia without agraphia (or Pure alexia) Patient is unable to read, despite preservation of other aspects of language such as a spelling and writing. Due to lesions in left occipital coex and posterior pa of corpus callosum known as splenium. Due to interruption of visual input into language network. The blood vessel i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Causes of transudative effusion includes Nephrotic syndrome,congestive hea failure,cirrhosis,pulmonary embolization, myxedema,etc.Causes of exudative effusion includes neoplasms;infections like pneumonia,TB,collagen vascular diseases,Meigs syndrome,etc. Most common cause of exudative pleural effusion is bacterial pneum... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is d i.e. Scleroderma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. Cataract | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
After the secondary oocyte is released from the ovary, it is captured by the fimbriae of the uterine tube. In the uterine tube, the oocyte enters the funnel-shaped infundibulum, reaches the abdominal ostium, and passes through the ampulla. Here, a spermatozoan typically fertilizes the oocyte. The fertilized ovum or t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acute dystonia * <48 hours of staing antipsychotics * M.C in======Younger black males * If a patient develops dystonia he is more prone for eps Patient considers this as an Allergic reaction , thereby may stop drugs Layryngeal dystonia is a Psychiatric emergency, should be treated with IV lorazepam TREATMENT * Diphenhy... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Laceration - is the tearing of skin or muscles or mucous membrane caused by a shearing or a crushing force, and produced by application of a blunt force to a broad area of the body. - If the blunt force produces extensive bruising and laceration of deeper tissue, it is called crush injury. Features : Margins -Ragged, i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Metaplesia Metaplasia is an adaptive change in which one adult (mature) cell type is replaced by another adult (mature) cell. It is completely reversible | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A small amount of carbon monoxide added to blood increases its oxygen affinity, that is, it causes a leftward shift of the O2 dissociation curve . All the other choices reduce the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, that is, they shift the dissociation curve to the right. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Reference Robbins page no 475 Extragonadal germ cell tumors form from developing sperm or egg cells that travel from the gonads to other pas of the body. ... These are more common than malignantextragonadal germ cell tumors and often are very large. Malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors are divided into two types, no... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A: Ulnar Nerve Palsy | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Biochemical Theories Schizophrenia is presently thought to be probably due to a functional increase of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, though other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (especially 5-HT2 receptors), GABA and acetylcholine are also presumably involved. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(C) Ammonium urate[?]Ammonium Acid Urate Stones:Ammonium Acid Urate Stones represent less than 1% of all stones.Endemic ammonium acid urate urolithiasis is still observed because it comprises bladder calculi in children.Characteristic stone formation in laxative abuse:Laxative abuse acts a factor in kidney stone format... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C. Recurrent small bowel obstruction. (Ref LB 25th pg. 1198)Rx of acute intestinal obstruction# GI drainage# Fluid and electrolyte replacement# Relief of obstruction# Surgical Rx is necessary for most cases of intestinal obstruction but should be delayed until resuscitation is complete, provided there is no sign o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hea. Amyloidosis of the hea may occur either as isolated organ involvement or as pa of a systemic distribution. When accompanied by systemic involvement, it is usually of the AL form. The isolated form (senile amyloidosis) usually is confined to older persons. The deposits may not be evident on gross examination, or th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
FSH causes Oestrogen release and oestrogen inhibits FSH. LH stimulates both oestrogen and progesterone production. Before ovulation LH release is stimulated by oestrogen but after ovulation it is inhibited by both oestrogen and progesterone Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:636,... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Age of 15 years LASIK is done in non progressive myopia i.e. the patient > 18 years and refraction stable for 18 months.Q It can correct 4 D of hypermetropia, 5 D of astigmatism and 12 D of myopia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (C) BothREF: Guyton's physiology 22nd edition Table 74-1 Page 907Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tropic tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In this case the tumor has spread to peritoneum not uterus which is usually seen in stage IC of ovarian neoplasm. In stage IC: tumor is either stage IA or IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with ruptured capsule, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Penicillin Treatment : Immediate hospitalization and isolation of the patient is indicated. Penicillin is the treatment of choice. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Types of skin graftFeaturesPaial thickness ( Thiersch)Full thickness ( Wolfe)Graft uptake Easy uptake and survivalUptake is difficult Graft derivation Large grafts can be derivedOnly small grafts can be takenMC site Thigh Behind ear Cosmetic appearance Unacceptable Good Donorsite healing Donor site heals without contra... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In Sickel cell disease, due to infection of red cell progenitors by ParvoVirus B19 infection aplastic crisis occurs. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. *extracellular deposition of fibrillar insoluble proteinatious substance called amyloid having common morphological appearance, staining propey and physical structures but with variable protein composition. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mostly ILD's have Restrictive pattern except few with obstructive pattern are:- 1) Sarcoidosis 2) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 3) Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Risk factors for DDH/CDH (Remember 4Fs 1HO)FemalesFirstborn childFamilial: DDH is found in families Faulty intrauterine position (Breech presentation)Hormone-induced laxityOligohydramnios(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 347, 363) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The Certainly Lethal Dose(CLD) of fluorides is 32-64 mg per kg of body weight i.e, approximately 2.5-5 gms of fluoride in cases of children and 5-10 gms, one single related dose, in case of adults. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gauchers disease o Enzyme replacement therapy refers to the replacement of missing enzyme, artificiallyo Gaucher's disease was the first one in which successful enzyme replacement therapy was tried,o Enzyme replacement therapy is currently available for some lysosomal storage diseases:-i) Gaucher's di... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Options C: Platelet transfusions may be given to prevent bleeding when the platelet count falls down.
Options A: A decline in the febrile episode will happen after the transfusion of agranulocytes.
Options B and D: An increased level of hemoglobin and hematocrit will happen after the transfusion of red blood cells. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6-mercaptopurine Azathioprineo It is an analogue of mercaptopurine.o It selectively affects T cells -cellular immunity is predominantly affected,o It selectively affects dejferentiation and formation ofT cells,o Azathioprine is converted to active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine.o It can inhibit the synth... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lesions confined to enamel may not be evident until approximately 30% to 40% demineralization has occurred. For this reason, the actual depth of penetration of a carious lesion is often deeper than seen in the image.
Oral radiology by White & Pharaoh 7th ed. Page no 288 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Progesterone | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Overproduction of DHFR \Ref: Goodman Gilman 11/ep. 1336; Katzung 10/ep. 887\Mechanism of action of methotrexateMethotrexate enter the cell by reduced folate carrierOnce inside the cell methotrexate is poly glutamylated.The poly glutamylated forms of methotrexate are potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The pearl index is defined as number of failure per 100 woman years of exposure. The denominator is the total months or cycles of exposure from the onset of method until completion of study. The Pearl Index is sometimes used as a statistical estimation of the number of unintended pregnancies in 100 woman-years of expos... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is `d' i.e., Lymphadenopathy Clinical manifestations of diphtheria A) Faucial (tonsillo pharyngeal) diphtheria o It is the commonest type of diphtherial infection. o Incubation period is 2-5 days. o Patients present with malaise, sore throat and moderate fever. o A thick adherent pseudomembrane (gray or white) is ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)
Hirschsprung disease is a congenital disorder characterized by aganglionosis of a portion of the intestinal tract.
An intestinal segment lacks both Meissner submucosal and Auerbach myenteric plexus. This leads to functional obstruction and intestinal dilation P... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Among the given options quinine is the best answer. DOC for uncomplicated chloroquine resistant P. Falciparum Malaria Is ACT | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref-KDT 6/e p115 Postural hypotension is due to blockade of sympathetic system. Ganglion blockers in heavy they transmission through both sympathetic as well as parasympathetic ganglia where as muscarinic brokers inhibitat only parasympathetic activity | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This type of injury can result in the "unhappy triad" (of O'Donahue) injury, with damage to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and medial meniscus. A blow to the lateral side of the knee stretches and tears the MCL, which is attached to the medial meniscus. The ACL is tensed during ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'a' ie Endoscopic removal Best modality of t/t for ureteric stone is - Ureteroscopic removal.There are other methods alsoEndoscopic Dormia basket - can only be used for small stones that are within 5-6 cm of the orifice.This has been replaced by ureteroscopic technique.Endoscopic Meatotomy - this is for removal ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Intermidiate | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
M/c primary orbital tumour among children is Rhabdomyosarcoma. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Harrison's principles of internal medicine 17th edition *Glasgow coma score eye opening 4-spontaneous,3- verbal stimuli, 2- painful stimuli,1-no response ( nonintubated). 5- oriented and talks, 4- disoriented and talks,3-inappropriate words,2- incomprehensible sounds,1-no response verbal(intubated). 5- seems able to ta... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd ' i.e., 3% NaC1 Hyponatremia (Serum sodium < 130 meq/L). (Symptomatic when sodium < 120 meq/L). Fluid shift from ECF to neuronal cell. Results in cerebral edema which causes headache, drowsiness, seizure, coma. Treatment:? In low ECF volume & asymptomatic-give ORS/Normal saline. In complicated like seizure-g... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vigabatrin | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Mental age/ Chronological age x100An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence. The intelligence quotientIntelligence quotient (IQ) refers to mental age (MA) expressed as a ratio of chronological age (CA) multiplied by 100. Intellec... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ATP Generating Steps in TCA Cycle There are 3 NADH molecules generated during one cycle, each of them will give rise to 2 1/2 ATPs on oxidation by electron transpo chain (ETC); so altogether they will give 3 x 2 1/2 = 7 1/2 (7.5) high energy phosphates. The FADH2 will generate 1 1/2 molecules of ATP. In addition, one m... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Australia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ketamine increases all the pressures - blood pressure intracranial pressure intragastric pressure intraocular pressure In patients with increased ICP who are breathing spontaneously, ketamine should be used with caution because it can increase ICP and has been repoed to cause apnea. It is contraindicated. Ref: Miller's... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Alagille syndromeCholestasis with butterfly shaped vertebra is associated with the Alagille syndrome; cause is mutation in the jagged 1 gene. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Schwartz Surgery gives a list of conditions for which TPN has been used. It includes patients with prolonged paralytic ileus (>7 to 10 days) following major surgeries.
Use of TPN in acute pancreatitis has been mentioned in Sabiston 18/e p1602 and Schwartz 9/e p45. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
RBBB like pattern with ST elevation in V1-3 is typically seen in brugada syndrome. It may sometimes leads to sudden cardiac death. Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1838 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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