text
stringlengths
1
12.5k
source
stringclasses
3 values
"Onodi cell" is the posterior most posterior ethmoid cell extending lateral to the sphenoid sinus. While removing disease from the Onodi cells there are chances of injury to optic nerve and internal carotid which lie in the vicinity. The posterior ethmoidal cells in the floor of orbit are known as "Haller cells".
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Spectrin causes membrane loss leading to spherical shape of rbc
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Hepatotoxicity due to rifampin alone is uncommon and often consists of isolated hyperbilirubinemia. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1375
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Most common pathogen is gram - negative bacteria (E.coli, klebsiella pneumoniae)
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Negri bodies "Negri bodies are pathognomonic for Rabies". - Negri bodies are eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in brain neurons and are composed of randomly oriented rabies virus, nucleocapsids embedded in an amorphous substance or matrix. These inclusions are seen in:? - Purkinje cells of cerebellum - Pyramida...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. D. Promoter regionThe binding of enzyme RNA polymerase to DNA is prerequisite for the beginning of transcription. The specific region on DNA where the enzyme binds is known as promoter region.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder is characterized by marked mood swings between mania (mood elevation) and bipolar depression that cause significant personal distress or social dysfunction Bipolar I - mania + depression Bipolar II - depression + hypomania Mania: Decrease need for sleep Over talkativeness Abnormally ...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Men have higher reference intervals than women in tests related to iron and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood. The normal reference interval for Hb concentration in women is lower (12.0-16.0 gm/dL) than that for men (13.5-17.5 gm/dL) due to lower serum testosterone levels (testosterone is higher in men and stimula...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 18 months
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ligation of one or both internal iliac aeries is done to contro hemorrhage from pelvic vessels. it is technically difficult and is onlt successfull in half of the time. The impoance mechanism of iliac aery ligation is a 85% reduction in pulse pressure in the aeries distal to ligation.This conves an aerial pressure syst...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Bromocriptine and pergolide are ergot derivatives and dopamine agonists These are known to cause vasoconstriction and thus gangrene S/E of Pergolide : Valvular hea disease Pramipexole and ropinirole are also dopamine agonists but these are non-ergot derivatives. These do not cause gangrene and are longer acting. S/E of...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Nysten's rule: It is a sequential development of rigor mois in the body after death. Sequence of appearance: Eyelids, Neck & lower jaw, then Face, Chest Muscles, Upper Limb, Abdomen, Lower limb and lastly Fingers and Toes. Rigor disappears in the same sequence cadaveric rigidity first appears in involuntary muscles; th...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
In hemochromatosis iron deposits are seen in pituitary gland, skin , pancreas and heart.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
bronchial artery supplies bronchial tree till respiratory bronchiole.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Modifed radical mastectomy followed by hormone therapy
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
(Parotid gland) (546-HM) (584-Basic pathology 8th)Pleomorphic adenoma (Mixed salivary tumour) is the commonest tumour in the parotid gland and occurs less often in other major and minor salivary gland, common in females.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Slow sand filters are for effective in removal of bacteria. Slow sand filters remove about 99.9- 99.99%.Rapid sand filters remove 98-99% bacterias. Slow sand filters occupy less area,operation is less skilled. Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 714.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Somatomedins are polypeptide growth factors secreted by the liver and other tissues. The first of these factors isolated was called sulfation factor because it stimulated the incorporation of sulfate into cailage. However, it also stimulated collagen formation, and its name was changed to somatomedin. It then became cl...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is `d' i.e., Activation of macrophagesAlso see above explanation.Growth factors and cytokines involved in regeneration and wound healingGrowth factor Epidermal growth aTransforming growth factor aHeparin-binding EGFHepatocyte growth factor/scatter factorVascular endothelial cell growth factor (isoforms A,B,C,D)Pla...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thalassemiao Defective splicing (defect in snurps) is the most common mutation causing thalassemia,o Molecular defect in pathogens is of thalassemia:-b-Thalassemiao Most common type of genetic abnormality in b-thalassemia is point mutation i.e., nonsense.o Some may also occur due to deletion or insert...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Quinsy is also called peritonsillar abscess. It is collection of pus in peritonsillar space which lies between capsule of tonsil and superior constrictor muscle.Parapharyngeal space (also called pharyngomaxillary or lateral pharyngeal space) lies lateral to pharynx and extends from the base of skull above to the greate...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Roseola infantum*A history of 3 days of high-grade fever in an otherwise nontoxic 10-month-old child with a blanchable maculopapular rash on trunk -Roseola.*Mean duration- 6days - so sixth disease/Exanthem subitum.*Nagayama spots-ulcers at the uvulopalatoglossal junction.*DD - Measles, Rubella, Drug allergy.*M/C compli...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Drug-Induced Hemolysis Certain drugs (such as penicillin, quinidine, phenacetin, etc.) may induce hemolysis of red blood cells. They attach to the surface of red blood cells and induce the formation of IgG antibodies. These autoantibodies then react with red blood cell surface, causing hemolysis. This is Type II hyper...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Stimulation of 5-HT1B/1D receptors can stop an acute migraine attack. Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine are nonselective receptor agonists, whereas the triptans are selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists. A variety of triptans--sumatriptan, almotriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. B i.e. Edrophonium test Myasthenia gravis Decreased myoneural junction transmission Features: Dysahria, Dysphagia, Proximal muscle weakness, Sensory modalities and deep tendon reflexes are NORMAL MC used cholinergic drugs: Pyridostigmine/neostigmine Surgical procedure (should be done in all cases): Thymectomy
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Lipoxins are also generated from AA by the lipoxygenase pathway, but unlike prostaglandins and leukotrienes, the lipoxins are inhibitors of inflammation. Ref: Robbins 8th edition Chapter 2.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Oblique view of the wrist is required for scaphoid fracture * Most common fractured bone in the wrist * Peanut shaped bone that spans both row of carpal bones * Does not require excessive force and often not extremely painful so can be delayed presentation * Pain over the anatomic snuff box * Pain is not usually severe...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and its component vaccines should not be administered to women known to be pregnant. Because a risk to be fetus from administration of these live virus vaccines cannot be excluded for theoretical reasons, women should be counseled to avoid becoming pregnant for 28 days after vaccinat...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
In PDA CHF may devolop within 6 -10 week of life. Large PDA will lead to pulmonary hypeension and reversal of shunt lead to eisenmenger syndrome and differential cyanosis Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, P.no:418 Harrison principals of internal medicine,19th edition,p.no:1523 Davidson&;s principles a...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Causes : Chronic renal failure. Administration of furosomide. Hypercalcemia.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1977 * It is the only infectious disease which has been eradicated globally. The world's last case occured in Somalia on 26 October 1977. The WHO declared on 8 may 1980 that smallpox had been eradicated.* In April 1977, India was declared smallpox free. The last idiginous case in India occured on 17 m...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. C. Pulled up cecumA barium follows=through examination shows absent filling of the lower ileum, caecum and the ascending colon as a result of narrowing of the ulcerated segment.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Somatostatin and /or its analog octreotide are the agents of choice for medical management of variceal bleed. Drugs used in Poal hypeension Drugs decreasing poal blood flow Drugs decreasing intrahepatic resistance Non-selective beta blockers Vasopressin and Terlipressin Somatostatin and Octreotide Nitrates Alpha-blocke...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
B i.e. Orotracheal intubation - ABCDE of trauma care includes Airway maintenance and cervical spine protection, Breathing and ventilation, Circulation with haemorrhage control, Disability and neurological assessment and Exposure (undress) to assess for other injures. So option C is excluded. And decreased 02 saturation...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
GLUT-3 = GLUCOSE UPTAKE DURING FASTING BRAIN KIDNEY PLACENTA REF : LIPINCOTT 9TH ED
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clofazamine Clofazimineo Clofazimine is a leprostatic drug.o It acts by interfering the template function of DNA.o Adverse effects of clofazimine1. Skin -Reddish-black discolouration of skin, dryness of skin and itching. Discolouration of hair and body secretions, acneform eruptions and phototoxicity,...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
This is a case of Von-Willebrand factor disease. The image shows an ecchymotic patch. Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a common, inherited, genetically and clinically heterogeneous hemorrhagic disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the protein termed von Willebrand factor (vWF). Consequently, defective vWF in...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Injection benzathine pencillin 2.4 million units IM single dose
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Secondary bacterial peritonitis- Aka acute suppurative bacterial peritonitis- Caused by visceral perforation- Poly microbial infection* E. coli (aerobe)* Bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe) Treatment- Exploratory laparotomy + peritoneal lavage + repair of perforation / stoma formation
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Auto phagosomes are lysosome derived phagocytic vacuoles filled with fragments of old or damaged organelles.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ref: Davidson 21st edition, pg 771Explanation:Cushing's syndrome refers to clinical features due to chronic exposure to excess of glucocorticoids of any etiology.Its of 2 types:ACTH- dependent Cushing's: Pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH (Cushing's disease), ectopic ACTH syndrome (Lung carcinoid, small cell ca lung, med...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Endo cpm and MTA plugs are aqueous solvent based MTA.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
C i.e. Chancre
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome ; Mullerian Agenesis (karyotype;46XX) (Phenotype female) Vagina,Uterus,Fallopian tubes absent. Typically ovaries are normal Secondary sexual characters are well developed May be associated with urologic anomalies and Skeletal malformations Management; 1.Frank dilatation 2.Vaginop...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Otosclerosiso See the above explanation.Gelle's testo It is a bone conduction test and examines the effect of increased air pressure in ear canal on hearing.o Increased air pressure in the ear canal (by Siegle's speculum) pushes the tympanic membrane and ossicles inwards which raises the intralabyrint...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
.Necrotising enterocolitis is an acquired inflammatory disease commonly seen in infants and newborn but occasionally can occur in children and adults. It ismore commonly seen in premature babies. It is more common in formula fed babies than breast bed babies. Reduced gut flora make virulent pathogens to act and cause s...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Petrositis Petrositiso Infection of mastoid and middle ear may be complicated by the spread of infection within the temporal bone into petrous apex.o Petrositis is an extension of infection from middle ear and mastoid to the petrous part of the temporal bone, o Gradenigo's syndrome is the classical pr...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Principles of chlorination:  The "chlorine demand" of the water should be estimated. The chlorine demand of the water is the difference between the amount of chlorine added to the water and the amount of residual chlorine remaining at the end of a specific period of contact at a given temperature and pH of the water. ...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Congestive cyanotic hea disease is a causefor bilateral clubbing Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 250
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. a (Epitheloid cell). (Ref. Robbins, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th/pg.204)Characteristic features of granulomatous reaction/inflammationa) Epithelioid cells (modified macrophages)b) Giant cells (Langhans, foreign body)c) Necrosis (caseation)d) Fibrosis
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Suckling
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Vancomycin o Vancomycin causes renal toxicity which is dose related therefore significant dose reduction is needed in renal failure. o Rest of the drugs asked in the question are metabolised mainly in liver therefore no adjustment needed in renal failure.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
REF : KD TRIPATHI 8TH ED
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. (b) Para aorticRef Harrison 19th ed. / 589Points to Remember about testicular tumor* In metastatic disease-retroperitoneal LN is Most commonly involved* Metastasis- Lymphatic >> Blood (m/c lung)* Exception is Choriocarcinoma where blood metastasis (m/c lung)>> lymphatic metastasis.* Most common testicular tumor- i...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Hypokalemia with neuromuscular irritability, hypertension, and low plasma renin suggests hyperaldosteronism. The most common cause for primary hyperaldosteronism is idiopathic adrenal cortical nodular hyperplasia. An insulinoma arising in the pancreas could account for episodic weakness, but the glucose level would be ...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
The above pigments account for the greenish colonies seen with psuedomonas. Ref: Text Book of Microbilogy By Ananthanarayan, 6th Edition, Page 294 ; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Edition, Page 944
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 90 degrees PELVISTraitMaleFemale1) Bony frameworkMassive, rougher, marked muscle sites. Stands higher and more erect.Less massive, slender, smoother.Less muscle marking.2) GeneralDeep funnel.Flat bowl.3) IliumLess vertical; curve of iliac crest reaches higher level and is more prominent.More vertical;...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Therapeutic level of lithium used in acute mania is 0.8-1.2 meq/L NOTE: Safe range: 0.6 and 1.5 mEq/L. Acutely manic or hypomanic patients: 1.0-1.5 mEq/L Long-term prophylaxis: 0.6-1.0 mEq/L
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. B. Punch biopsyPunch biopsy is required in all cases in which there is visible area of redness, an iodine negative area or an area of colposcopic abnormality.A cone biopsy and curettage should be done when cytologic examination reveals moderate or severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or perhaps invasive carcinoma.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
In thalassemia hair pin cells , target cell are found.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
The constellation of calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia, was historically termed the CREST syndrome . Anti-centromere antibodies (ACAs; often styled solid, anticentromere) are autoantibodies specific to centromere and kinetochore function. They occur in som...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Pt has depression and psychotic symptoms, so treatment is antidepressant along with antipsychotic drugs
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Migratory motor complex resumes 90 - 120 mins after the meal and occurs at interval of 90 mins till next meal.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
B i.e. Rosacea
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Bacteria Present at Most effective drug Rapidly multiplying Wall of tubercular cavity Isoniazid Intermittently dividing (Spuers) In casseous necrosis Rifampicin Slow multiplying Inside the macrophages Pyrazinamide
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
The earliest manifestation of leprosy is the involvement of the cutaneous nerve, resulting in a loss of thermal sensation as the initial deficit and then evolving to involve other modalities like pain and touch. Sensory modalities subserved by larger fibers are lost in more advanced stages of the disease. Ref Harrison2...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Symptoms of nasal obstruction, mouth breathing and hearing impairment are due to adenoids, and adenoidectomy would be required. Since the child also suffers from hearing impairment (due to otitis media with effusion), a myringotomy with grommet insertion will be required. Simply doing myringotomy (optimised) will lead ...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
D i.e. Increased triglyceride & cholesterol level in serum
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
72 hours
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
C i.e. Papaverine Papaverine is an opioid alkaloid with almost no central effectsQ (i.e. analgesia, sedation, euphoria, anxiolytic, addictive, respiratory depression). It does not suppress intestinal peristalsis, and relieves spasm in aeries. It is used to treat visceral (GI tract, bile duct, ureter) spasm, vasopasm of...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
A i.e. Absorbed in upper small intestineThe body of young adult contains - 1100gm (27.5mol) of Ca; 90% of it is in skeleton. The plasma calcium, is normally about 10gm/dL (5meq/ L, 2.5 mmol / L)Q, of which 50% is ionized. The remainder is bound ionically to negative charged proteins (predominantly albumin & immunoglobi...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Eculizumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that binds the C5 complement component, inhibiting its cleavage into C5a and C5b thereby inhibiting the terminal pore-forming lytic activity of complement. Eculizumab is approved for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and dramatically reduces the ne...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Differential cyanosis When one extremity is pink and the other extremity is cyanotic, it is referred to as differential cyanosis. Causes of differential cyanosis
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 Now, at least 4 antenatal visits, during pregnancy, are recommended.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Aqueous penicillin can cross BBB and hence it is the drug of choice in patients of neurosyphilis.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
B i.e. Catatonic schizophrenia
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease South Asia edition. *alpory's syndrome is an d linked dominant disorder having mutation in alpha 5 chain of type 4 collagen located on x chromosome. *phenylketonuria -is an autosomal recessive disorder . *myotonic dystrophy - autosomal dominant. *spinal cord atrophy-autoso...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Diethyl toluimide /deetis an all purpose repellant. They are used for application on skin, and their chief advantage is short duration of protection.Repellant are contact poisons. They are used as peraonal protective measure against mosquito bite. Other neasure are using mosquito nets and screening. Parks textbook of...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
These are physiological opacities and represent the residues of primitive hyaloid vasculature. Patient perceives them as fine dots and filaments, which often drift in and out of the visual field, against a bright background (e.g., clear blue sky).
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. c. There would be no differenceAccording to NAB (National Association for Blind), India Legal blindness is defined as visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees.What does 20/200 means?A person with normal visual acuity can see an object...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
C.tetani produces two distinct toxins- a hemolysin(tetanolysin), and neurotoxin(tetanospasmin). Tetanospasmin: This is the toxin responsible for tetanus. This toxin acts pre-synaptically. The abolition of spinal inhibition causes an uncontrolled spread of impulses initiated anywhere in the central nervous system. This ...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Maxillary carcinoma
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Diabetes insipidus is condition characterised by excessive thirst excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine Those with diabetes insipidus continue to uinate large amount of urine in spite of water deprivation.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 373
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Seminoma is a malignant testicular neoplasm. All the other options are benign tumours.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
B i.e. The commonest position for the head of the humerus to move into is the subspinous
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
The first trick to this question is to determine where the lesion is. The corneal reflex is tested by touching a cotton wisp to the eye. A normal response would be blinking of the ipsilateral eye as well as the contralateral eye (consensual reflex). The afferent limb of the corneal reflex is contained within the ophtha...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cervical spine o In decreasing frequency, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrist, proximal interphalangeal (PIP), knee, metatarsophalangeal (MTP), shoulder, ankle, cervical spine, hip, elbow and temporomandibular joints are most commonly affected.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Boudaries of ischiorectal fossa Anterior - Perineal membrane Posterior - Gluteus maximus Lateral - Obturator internus Medial - External anal sphincter and levator ani
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Clopidogrel inhibits ADP receptors whereas Abciximab, Tirofiban and Eptifibatide are GP IIb/IIIa antagonists.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. Damage to sympathetic nerve supply
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Sentinel lymph node is the first axillary lymph node draining the breast. SLNB is done in all cases of early breast cancers ,T1 and T2 without clinically palpable nodes. It is not done in clinically palpable axillary nodes as tgere is already distoion of lymphatic flow due to tumour. SRB's Manual of Surgery.Edition -5....
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
preservatives used in university of visconsin solution during organ transplantation a- lactobionate = minimize cel swelling and reperfusion b- glutathionate =antioxidant free c- allopurinol- radical scavenger d- adenosine - precursor of energy metabolism e- raffinose & hydroxy ethy starch - prevention of the extra cell...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Preterm infants, especially those under 28 weeks gestation are highly prone for apnea due to the poor development of mechanisms of respiratory control and have apnea of prematurity. Apnea soon after bih can occur due to bih asphyxia, maternal drug use, infections, metabolic causes and congenital anomalies. Reference: G...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Antigen-antibody complex mediated o The principal morphological manifestation of immune (antigen-antibody) complex injury is necrotizing vasculitis with necrosis of vessel wall and intense neutrophilic infiltration. o The necrotic tissue and deposits of immune complexes, complement and plasma proteins...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
b. Coarctation of aorta(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2205, Ghai 8/e p 413-433)Feeble femoral pulsations compared to strong brachial pulsations suggests of coarctation of aorta.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Liquefaction temperature → 70-100o C Gelation temperature → 37-45o C, just above oral cavity temperature.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
A i.e. Pilocarpine In inflamatory glaucoma (glaucoma with uveitis) pilocarpine (miotic) & prostaglandin analogue e.g. latanoprost are contraindicated Q because - Pilocarpine 1/t development of posterior synechiae Prostaglandin analogue enhance breakdown of aqueous barrier and exacerbate cystoid macular edema.
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Conduct disorder - Persistent pattern of antisocial behavior in which the individual repeatedly breaks social rules and carries out aggressive acts.in conduct disorder they do it deliberately usually characterized by aggression and violation of the rights of others boys with conduct disorder show physical & relationshi...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. (a) Remove the foreign bodyRef: Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology 8th Ed; Page No- 879* CT scan is the investigation of choice for metallic Foreign Body (FB).* MRI is Contraindicated for metallic (Iron) FB.* Magnetic removal of magnetized FB.* Forceps removal +- pars plana vitrectomy for non-magnetic FB.* In penetra...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin acts by generation of highly reactive intermediates which damage DNA. It does not inhibit cell wall synthesis. Drugs inhibiting cell wall synthesis - beta-lactarn antibiotics (Penicillin, Cephalosporins, monobactoms, Carbapenems), Cycloserine, bacitracin, vancomycin, fosf...
openlifescienceai/medmcqa