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Ref: Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat by Dhingra, 5th edition. Chapter on Cancer LarynxExplanation:TNM STAGING OF CANCER GLOTTIS ( AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER,GlottisTl: Tumour confined to vocal cords with normal mobilityConfined to one vocal cord.Extending to both vocal cords.T2: Supraglottic or subglottic exte... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Emerging patterns of social behaviour from 1-5years of age 15months Indicates some desires or needs by pointing Hugs parents 18months Feeds self Seeks help when in trouble May complain when wet or soiled Kisses parent with pucker 24months Handles spoon well Often tells about immediate experiences Helps to undress Liste... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Sec. 375 IPC | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'd' i.e. Esophageal reflux "Reflux esophagitis is the most common type of esophagitis. It occurs in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) secondary to dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. " "Candidal esophagitis is the most common form of infectious esophagitis."-The Washington manual of... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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Child is showing features of scabies, caused by infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei. It is usually acquired by sleeping with or in the bedding of an infested individual or by other close contact. Clinical Findings: Itching is the most common symptom. Lesions consist of generalized excoriations with small pruritic vesicl... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adenomatous polyp | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: D i.e. HypeensionThe nephrotic syndrome, also due to glomerular disease, is characterized by heavy proteinuria (more than 3.5 gm/ day), hypoalbuminemia, sever edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria (lipid in the urine)Nephritic syndrome is due to glomerular disease and is dominated by the acute onset of usually gros... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The four vitamins, namely vitamin A, D, E, and K are known as fat or lipid soluble. water soluble vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, Vit B12, ascorbic acid ref DM vasudevan 8th ed page 466 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Ref: KDT 6/e p750) Mycobacterium avium complex infection is treated with combination of rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap(TRAM) is used. TRAM flap is based on superior epigastric aery. Ipsilateral or contralateral flap can be used. It gives the bulk needed for reconstruction and so implant is not needed. Donor site morbidity and fat necrosis can occur. LD flap( latissimus dorsi musculocutaneou... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b? i.e., Endometrial ea Benefits of OCPs:Contraceptive benefits:Protection against unwanted pregnancy (failure rate 0.1 per 100 women year)Convenient to useNot intercourse relatedReversibilityImproving maternal and child healthcareNon contraceptive benefits:Improvement of menstrual abnormalities:o Regulation o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Extrahepatic binary atresia
Biliary Atresia is the absence of patent bile duct draning the liver.
The abnormality found most commonly is complete atresia of extrahepatic biliary structures.
Infants with biliary atresia often has an uneventful neonatal course until jaundice is noted at 2-3 weeks of age.
Conjugated hyp... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Length of one upper limb x 2) +34 is equal to stature. Height of head x 8 is equal to stature Length from veex to pubis x 2 is equal to height Length of foot x 7 is the approximate height Suprasternal notch to pubic symphysis x 3.3 is equal to stature. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Free margin of lesser omentum): Ref: 275-BDC-2, 268-Snell 7thBile-Duct - The bile duct (common bile duct) is about 3 in (8 cm) long in the first part of its course, it lies in the right free margin of the lesser omentum in front of the opening in the lesser sac.Bile duct relationsA. Supraduodenal part In the free marg... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Macrocytic anaemia "The most common adverse effect of zidovudine is myelosuppression, resulting in macrocytic anemia (1-4%) or neutropenia (2-8%)". So most common side effect of zidovudine is neutropenia (2-8%) followed by macrocytic anemia (1-4%). Other side effects are - nausea, anorexia, headache, ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Gluteus maximus and Tensor fascia lata has their insertion on Iliotibial tract. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
We do not need any reference to answer this paicular question as the answer is hiddeb in the question only. The question itself says that no active bleeding is seen-so no need to do anything just observe the patient and because his BP is 200/100 Hg which is quite high,give him antihypeensive drugs. Ref.Scott Brown 7/e,... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D. Munchausen syndrome by proxy syndromeFactitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA) formerly Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP) is a mental illness in which a person acts as if an individual he or she is caring for has a physical or mental illness when the person is not really sick. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tricuspid atresia Classification and diagnosis of congenital hea diseases. o Congenital hea diseases are basically divided into the following groups : ? Structural hea defects In general these defects are known as congenital hea diseases. Functional hea defects e.g., congenital cardiac arrhythmias. Po... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mastitis in many cases the lactiferous ducts will first become blocked by epithelial debris leading to stasis; this theory is suppoed by the relatively high incidence of mastitis in women with a retracted nipple.Periductal fibrosis is a sequela of periductal mastitis and may result in nipple retraction.Schwaz surgery 1... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Balanced force concept uses Flex-R file and is described as "Positioning and pre-loading an instrument through a clockwise rotation and then shaping the canal with a counterclockwise rotation".
Many authors discovered that greater risk of instrument damage was associated with clockwise movement.
For best results, prep... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (C) 7-methylguanosine cap(Ref: Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 31st Ed; Page No- 396)Eukaryotic mRNA has 7-methylguanosine cap at 5' end and poly-A tails at 3' end. The 7-methylguanosine caps help the ribosome to recognize the site of attachment to the mRNA.Once the ribosome binds the 5' end, they then scan downs... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<p>Splenomegaly is seen in CML,polycythemia vera & chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis.Whereas in primary thrombocytosis, splenomegaly is least likely associated ,but hemorrhagic & thrombotic events are common. </p><p>Reference :Harsh mohan textbook of pathology sixth edition pg no 360.</p> | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Activation energy is free energy difference between the substrate & transition state.
Activation energy may be also be defined as the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Reference-Harper 30th edition pg -75 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Papilloedema causes gradual loss of vision. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Drug elimination is the sum total of metabolic inactivation and excretion.
Depending upon the ability of the body to eliminate a drug, a certain fraction of the central compartment may be considered, to be totally 'cleared' of that drug in a given period of time to account for elimination over that period.
Reference:... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Primary Hyperparathyroidism): Serum Calcium with Decreased Serum Phosphate levels are typical of Primary Hyperparathyroidism | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Transverse ligament forms the horizontal part of cruciform ligament. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Management of appendicular mass Ochsner-Sherren regimen * Conservative treatment with * Nil by mouth * Ryle&;s tube aspiration * Antibiotic therapy * Cephalosporins * Atninoglycoside * Metronidazole * Recording of size of mass daily * Recording of TPR cha 4hourly * Input & output cha ref : bailey and love 27th ed | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Parameters specific in ruling out Malnutrition LOSS OF LEAN BODY MASS MUSCLE WEAKNESS DEVELOPMENTAL OR INTELLECTUAL DELAY INFECTIONS IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION DELAYED WOUND HEALING PROLONGED HOSPITAL STAY REF : OP GHAI 9TH ED | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Coical adenoma): Conn's syndrome by defination refers to primary aldosteronism secondary to an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma. The most common aldosterone producing adrenal tumor is a unilateral adrenal adenoma. Adrenal carcinoma is a rare cause of primary aldosteronism. Primary Aldosteronism second... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred because of the practical reason the open fontanelle serve as acoustic windows. Best results are obtained with a high-frequency phased array transducer (5-8 MHz) with a small footprint probe. Additional information : Neurosonography stas with gray-scale imaging performed the... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A major cause of spontaneous aboions in the first trimester is chromosomal abnormalities; however, the causes of losses in the second trimester are more likely to be anatomical in origin for which an HSG can be done, endometrial biopsy in luteal phase rules out luteal phase defect A postcoital test is useful for couple... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dextrocardia occurs due to situs invertus. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Epithelium | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
There are no pain receptors in the brain itself. But he meninges (coverings around the brain), periosteum (coverings on the bones), and the scalp all have pain receptors. Surgery can be done on the brain and technically the brain does not feel that pain Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition pag... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Subnuclear vacuolation. (Ref. Williams9 Gync lst/Fig,15-20; Obstetrics Dutta 7th/pg. 17-18).The endometrial cycle follows the changes in the endometrium during the 'menstrual' cycle. It is divided into phases with characteristic histological changes:# Proliferative phase (pre-ovulatory) - can be though of as bu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In AV block, HR is 40 bpm and b blockers fuher causes cardiac depression. Therefore they are avoided in this condition. In all other 3 conditions, b blockers are used. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Vas deference) (1403-LB) (1377-B &L 25,h)* The testis develops from the genital fold medial to the mesonephros (Wolffian body)* The Wolffian duct becomes the epididymis and vas deferensDevelopment of genitourinary System:Embryonic structureStructure developing in MALEStructure developing in FEMALEGenital tuberclePenis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A i.e. Neuron Nissl body/Nissl or tigroid substance It is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis. It was named after Franz Nissl, a German neurologist who invented the Nissl staining method | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Paired T-test o Paired T - test : is applied to paired data when each individual gives a pair of observation, such as when observations are made both before and after the play of a factor. e.g. Pulse rate before and after administration of a drug. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Most cardiac muscle diseases are secondary to some other condition, e.g., coronary atherosclerosis, hypeension, or valvular hea disease. However, there are also cardiac diseases attributable to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction. Such diseases are termed cardiomyopathies (literally, "hea muscle diseases"); these can be p... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Varus / valgus stress test in 30deg of flexion Lachmans test , most sensitive for ACL injury is done in 20deg of knee flexion. Tension in ACL is least at 30 - 40deg of knee flexion Main test for MCL (medial collateral ligament) is valgus (abduction) stress in 30deg of knee flexionQ. Because in full extension it ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(C) Knee joint # Synovial joints (or diarthroses, or diarthroidal joints); are the most common and most moveable type of joints in the body.> As with all other joints in the body, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones.> Structural and functional differences distinguish the s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
There are 3 blades commonly used by Surgeons: - * 11' size- For Incision and Drainage of Abscess, Aeriotomy * 15' Size- For precise cosmetic incisions * 22' Size- For Long Incisions and Laparotomy Incisions Ref:- Surgery Sixer 3rd Edition; Pg num:- 39 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 19th edition, Page 1095Explanation:"Desmoid tumours are commonly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAPi in which colonic polyps are the most common feature. "Ref: SabistonDESMOID TUMOURDesmoid tumor, also known as fibromatosis or aggressive fibromatosis.It is an uncommon... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Menorrhagia - Increased menstrual flow (>80ml) / increased duration at regular cycles. (>5 days) Treatment 1st line - NSAIDS Tranexamic acid 2nd line - hormones - Progesterone > estrogen Danazol GnRh analogues- stops periods. 3rd line - Surgical management Dilatation and Currettage Endometrial ablation Hysterectomy | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
6 month old infant presented with multiple papules & exudative lesions on the face, scalp, trunk and few vesicles on palms and soles for 2 weeks. His mother has H/O itchy lesions. The most likely diagnosis is scabies. infantile scabies is characterised by vesicles erythematous papules,pustules , vesicles over the face ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are techniques for analysing renal and gall bladder stones. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
This patient should increase both the 7 AM (pre break fast) and pre-dinner doses of crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. The dosage of rapid-acting regular insulin administered before breakfast and dinner can be adjusted on the basis of the pre-lunch and bedtime blood glucose values, because the peak effect of the regul... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tuberculosis Preventing exposure to tuberculosis is impoant when there is an infectious case in the household, in clinics and in hospitals.Adequate ventilation, masks and safe coughing procedures reduce the risk of exposure. For HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI), the lifetime risk of developing... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
"Oblique fracture may need a lag screw, neutralization by tension band system or plate". - Apley's.
Treatment of olecranon fracture :
Treatment of olecranon fracture may be either conservative or surgical.
Conservative treatment :
Conserative treatment includes immobilization in above elbow slab. Indications are :
... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ach chlinestrase activity derangement Dibucain number : Dibucain (a local anaesthetic) inhibits 80% of normal pseudocholinesterase and 20% of atypical (non-functional) pseudocholinesterase. Therefore normal dibucain number is 70-80%. Dibucain number is used to measure the activity of atypical pseudoch... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Increased melanocytesSimple lentigo occurs due to an increase in melanocytes at dermal-epidermal junction.* Simple Lentigo also known as Lentigo simplex is a light- to dark-brown or black macule that does not fade away once it appears.* They usually appear during childhood and increase in number until the age o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Local distribution of disease o Inner and outer city variations in disease frequency are well known. o These variations are best studied with the aid of "spot maps" or "shaded maps". o These maps show at a glance areas of high and low frequency, the boundaries and distribution. o For example, if the m... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Chronic hepatitis B [Ref Robbin 7Th/e p. 8991 Cirrhosis of the liver is a pathological entity which clinically represents the end stage of chronic liver disease. It is characterized by three features. i) Bridging fibrous septa& in the form of delicate bands or broad scars linking poal tracts with one another and poal t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mitochondrial membrane ruptures releasing substances like cytochrome c ....which play major role in apoptosis Ref guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12/e pg 40 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is d i.e., Myosin The inner hair cells of organ of coi have 50-200 ciliated structure called stereocilia. The top of each stereocilium is linked to the side of next adjacent higher stereocilium by means of a thin filamentous strucuture called the tip-link. Mechanically gated ion channels are located at these attac... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Grays Anatomy 40th edition pg: 244Explanation:Anatomy of OrbitThe orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face and point back into the head.Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls.The base, which opens in the face, has four borders.Borders of Orbital BaseSupe... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ketamine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Psychoanalysis : Sigmond Freud
Child psychoanalysis: Anna Freud
Analytical psychology: Carl Jung. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
duct ectasia; it is dialatation of lactiferous duct due to muscular relaxation of ductwall with periductal mastitis greenish discarge from the nipple indurated mass under the areola which is tendor eventually it forms Abscess and fistula associated with smoking treatment is cone excision of involved major ducts - Adair... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Omphalocele is a midline abdominal wall defect. The abdominal viscera (commonly liver and bowel) are contained within a sac composed of peritoneum and amnion from which the umbilical cord arises at the apex and center. When the defect is less than 4 cm, it is termed a hernia of the umbilical cord; when greater than 10 ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
MivacuriumMivacurium is the shoest acting competitive blockersIt does not need reversal -can be used as an alternative to SCh for endotracheal intubationIt is metabolized rapidly by plasma cholinesterases -prolonged paralysis can occur in pseudocholinesterase deficiency Mivacurium is the only nondepolarising (competiti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Eisenmenger syndrome This syndrome is secondary pulmonary hypertension that can develop with any cardiac lesion in which pulmonary vascular resistance becomes greater than the systemic vascular resistance and there should also be some right to left shunting. The most common underlying defects are atria... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Elementary body is metabolically active Reproductive Cycle of Chlamydiae Elementary body (EB) Stable spherical form, metabolically inactive - Extracellular phase Infectious form 200 - 300 nm diameter Rigid trilaminar cell wall Electron dense nucleoid (contains DNA) DNA = RNA Attach to surface of susceptible ep... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Oxidoreductase o Alcohol dehydrogenase is a NAD-linked dehydrogenase (oxidoreductase)o It catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The underlying aetiology of PHPT is usually a solitary parathyroid adenoma, however, in a small number of patient (2-4%), there are double adenomas. It may occur in a sporadic fashion or it can be familial (MEN type 1 or type 2A, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (HPT-JT)Ref: Bailey and Love 27e pg: 826 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c. ESR is raised because of increased RBC aggregate (Ref: Robbins 9/e p99, 8/e p75)when an inflmmatory process is present, the high proportion of fibrinogen in the blood cuses RBCs to stick to each other. Erythrocyte Sedimentation rateFibrinogen binds to red cells and causes them to from stacks (rouleaux) that sed... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mercury colitis may resemble diptheritic colitis. Ref: Environmental and Chemical Toxins and Psychiatric Illness By James S Brown, Page 162; The Journal of Experimental Medicine | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cheopis index:- It is average number of X. Cheopis / rat. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hyperacute rejection occurs when preformed anti-donor antibodies are present in the circulation of the recipient. Such antibodies may be present in a recipient who has previously rejected kidney transplant, Multiparous women, Prior blood transfusionsHyperacute Rejection occurs within minutes or hours after transplantat... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Diagnosis is made by MRCP | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acantholysis seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceous,SSSS, Dariers disease. It is absent in bullous pemphigoid, making it useful for differential diagnosis. page no.110.Reference IADVL's concise textbook of dermatology | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Azoospermia Prolonged administration of testosterone in males causes azoospermiaQ. Testosterone & Male sterility - The fact that intratesticular levels of testosterone need to be greater than 100 folds higher than circulating levels of hormone to maintain normal rates of spermatogenesis; however, it is the circu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B. i.e. Auditory hallucinations giving running commentary | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tapering of veins on either side of the crossings Gunn sign is seen in grade III hypeensive retinopathy. Grade 1 Generalized aeriolar attenuation Broadening of aeriolar light reflex Concealment of vein at A-V Crossings Grade 2 Severe generalized and focal aeriolar constriction A-V crossing change (Salus sign) Grade 3 C... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The initial hemorrhage in placenta pre is usually painless and rarely fatal. If the fetus is premature and if hemorrhaging is not severe, vaginal examination of a woman suspected of having placenta pre frequently can be delayed until 37 weeks gestation; this delay in the potentially hazardous examination reduces the ri... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The combination of proliferating fibroblasts, loose connective tissue, new blood vessels and scattered chronic inflammatory cells, forms a type of tissue that is unique to healing wounds and is called granulation tissue. This term derives from its pink, soft, granular gross appearance, such as that seen beneath the sca... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Multiple proteins from a single gene may be generated by Alternative splicing Differential RNA processing The genome is same in all the somatic cells. But the transcriptome is different. Around 25,000 proteogenic genes code for more than 2 lakh proteins. Thus, proteome is more diverse than transcriptome. This is due to... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. 1% | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Reflex resposible for tachycardia during right atrial distension is Bainbridge reflex. Atrial Reflex Control of hea rate: The Bainbridge Reflex The stretch recceptors of the atria that elicit the Bainbridge reflex transmit their afferent signals through the vagus nerve nerves to the medulla of the brain. Then efferent ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ananthanarayanan and Paniker's textbook of microbiology 9th edition . IL1 helps in the proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocyte. IL2 Promote growth and differentiation of Tand B cells. IL4 promote proliferation B and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. IL12 activates NK cells. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Many of the adverse changes can be accounted for by endotoxin release. Escherichia coli is the most common organism involved in gram-negative septicemia, followed by Klebsiella, Aerobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas. The cardiac index is high, peripheral resistance is decreased, and CVP is low to normal. The most common... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Spider naevi- benign vascular lesion, can be solitary or multiple Characterized by a central red aeriole, representing the body of the spider, surrounded by a radial pattern of thin-walled capillaries, resembling legs. On release of central compression fills from center to periphery. Usual site to check for spider naev... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no. 122 A shot gun have a muzzle ,barrels,choke bore but not a bullet . | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fat intake should be 15-30% of total daily intake. Salt intake should be reduced to an average of not more than 5g per day. Saturated fat should Contribute no more than 10% of total energy intake. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 589 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., It is common with exposure to UV rays Pterygiumo Pterygium is a non-cancerous (non-neoplastic) growth of conjunctiva, characterized by a wing-shaped fold of conjunctiva encroaching upon the cornea from either side within the interpalpebral fissure. Pterygium is always situated in the palpebral apertur... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ocular leprosy: The early clinical signs of ocular leprosy are, Lagophthalmos Loss of the lateral poions of the eyebrows and eyelashes (madarosis) Conjunctival hyperemia Superficial keratitis Interstitial keratitis--beginning typically in the superior temporal quadrant of the cornea--often supervening. Granulomatous ir... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
RBC can utilise only glucose even during fasting / starvation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is less gestation age (Ref Nelson, 17/e, p 2113, 2114 (16/e, p. 1925); O.P. Ghai, 6/e, p 629 (5/e, p. 504)).There is always the confusion between pre-maturity (less gestation age) and O2 toxicity, as the predisposing factor (Some are also confused with low birth weight).Read these lines from Nelson. They will clea... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Budd Chiari Syndrome * Young female with myeloproliferative disorder - points towards a procoagulant state* Presentation of acute onset abdominal discomfort and ascites mostly points to involvement of hepatic vein - probably thrombosis of hepatic vein due to the procoagulant state ->> so the most prob... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Membranous pa of ventricular system is a small poion of the ventricular and atrioventricular septum located at the base of the hea adjacent to the anteroseptal tricuspid commissure , the right aoic posterior valve commissure and the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Because of the apical displacement of the tricuspid valv... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
First generation drugs like norfloxacin have narrow spectrum. The concentration of norfloxacin reached in urine is bactericidal, thus it can be used for UTI but it is not effective for systemic use.
Second-generation drugs like ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are effective against gonorrhoea and other gram-negative orga... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., ThalassemiaThalassemia Syndromes :?The thalassemia syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by inherited mutations that decrease the synthesis of either the a-globin or (3-globin chains that compose adult hemoglobin, HbA (a2(32), leading to anemia, tissue hypoxia, and red cell hemolysis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., ARDS ARDS Criteria 1. Acute, meaning onset over 1 week or less. 2. Bilateral opacities consistent with pulmonary edema must be present and may be detected on CT or chest radiograph. 3. PF ratio < 300 mmHg with a minimum of 5 cmH20 PEEP (or CPAP). 4. C VP < 18 mmHg. X-Ray showing bilateral infiltrates: | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) InsulinRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30 ed. pg. 191-192th* Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate source is called Gluconeogenesis.Hormonal Regulation Glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids.| Insulin|* Gluconeogenesis is regulated by 4 key enzymes-# Pyruvate carboxylase# Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase# F16 ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) T1 and T2 cancer with or without lymph node involvementRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Pages 1356-1360Transanal excision of cancer rectum* T1N0 or T2N0 lesion <4cm in diameter* <40% circumference of the lumen* <10cm from dentate line* Well to moderately differentiated histology* No evidence of lymphatic or vascula... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Fracture long bones only | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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