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Answer is C (Aneurysm): The most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage is rupture of a saccular aneurysm (Saccular aneurysms are synonymous with Berry Aneurysms or 'Circle of Willi's aneurysms' and most commonly occur in the anterior circulation on the Circle of Willis). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref Robbins 8/e p276; 9/e p279 Ceain non neoplastic disorders _ the chronic atrophic gastric of pernicious Anemia, solar keratosis of skin, chronic ulcerative colitis and leukoplakia of the oral cavity, vulva and penis, have such a well defined association with cancer that they have been termed precancerous condition | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid neoplasm outside the CNS. It arises from neural crest tissue of the sympathetic ganglia or adrenal medulla. It most commonly metastasize to bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and subcutaneous tissue. It has a predilection for metastasis to the skull, paicularly the sphenoid bon... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Bronchopulmonary sequestration can be differentiated from a bronchogenic cyst; in that it is composed of nonfunctioning lung tissue that is disconnected from the remaining lung; it has a separate blood supply. Glomus tumors are rare tumors that arise in the middle ear or jugular bulb. Patients complain of tinnitus and ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amorphous densities in mitochondrial matrixFormation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix is a feature of irreversible injury and not reversible injury.Features of reversible cell injuryFeatures of irreversible cell injuryo Cellular swellingo Loss of microvillio Formation of cytoplasmic ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection * 55 yr old female patient with fungating breast mass of size 3 cm in diameter with palpable ipsilateral two axillary lymph nodes and no evidence of distant metastases - is a case of stage IIA breast carcinoma.* This patient comes under t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C: Ivermectin Ivermectin is used as single oral dose of 200 microgram/ kg body weight It can be repeated after 2 weeks It is indicated in epidemics of scabies in orphanages and Norwegian scabies Scabies: Incubation period: 4 weeks Pathognomic lesion: Burrow, which lies in stratum corneum MC site in infants: Scalp,... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Orbito Frontal cortex, basal ganglia and head of caudate nucleus are involved in obsessive compulsive disorder. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lateral pterygoid is the only muscle of mastication, which is inserted into anterior margin of articular disc and capsule of TMJ by lower head and to pterygoid fovea of neck of mandible, by superior head.
It pulls the disk of TMJ downwards, depressing the mandible. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is B (COPD): The most common cause of chronic cor puhnonale is chronic. obstructive pulmonary disease - Rubin's pathology | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Aldosterone receptor antagonist Osmotic diuretics Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Thiazides spironolactone, eplerenone inhibit the aldosterone channels located on the basal side cells of collecting tubule, so they are not secreted in lumen. They filter across the glomerulus and in the nephron it will attract water, so it ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Neural differentiation is seen in Ewing's sarcoma due to which it is now being labeled as a tumor of neuroectodermal origin.
Ewing's sarcoma usually seen in the 1st and Find decades (10 to 15 yrs age group), is an aggressive tumor. Fundamental radiologic findings are osteolysis, cortical erosion, periosteal reaction an... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans, a. Acts with the cardiovagal centre to maintain BPVasomotor centre (VMC) controlling sympathetic outflow acts along with cardiovagal centre (CVC) controlling parasympathetic out flow to maintain blood pressure."Vasomotor centre (VMC) controlling sympathetic outflow acts along with cardiovagal centre (CVC) controll... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. d Lichen nitidus (Ref: Mark Lebwohl 2nd/345)A young 8 years old boy with multiple, small, pin point, shiny, papular lesions on dorsal aspect of hand, forearms and his penis also. Diagnosis is Lichen nitidus.Grouped pinhead lesions on elbow. abdomen, penis and dorsum of hand in a child as shown in the picture is hi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The low surface tension when the alveoli are small is due to the presence of surfactant in the fluid lining the alveoli. Surfactant is a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), other lipids, and proteins. If the surface tension is not kept low when the alveoli become smaller during expiration, they collapse i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Migraine): Episodic unilateral throbbing headache in a 30 year old female with associated nausea and vomiting suggests a diagnosis of migraine. Aura may or may not be present. Infact 80% of patients with migraine have migraine without aura and 15-20% have migraine with aura. Common Migraine (Migraine witho... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ingestion | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. CyGMP | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D: Hepatic carcinomaThe human fetus has the highest amount of AFP levels found in humans. These AFP levels gradually decrease after bih down to the low, but detectable levels found in adults by the time a newborn reaches 8 to 12 months.AFP has no known function in healthy adults. In normal fetuses, AFP binds the h... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
True conjugate - 11cm Diagonal conjugate -12 cm Inteuberus diameter -11cm Interspinous diameter -10 cm Ref: Williams Obs 24e pg 32-33. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Agglutination | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ILEUM:- Circular mucosal folds are smaller ,fewer and thin walled. Ileum has narrower lumen, as compared with jejunum. There are 3 or 6 aerial arcades with no windows. Lymphatics drain into the lymph nodes in the mesentery and finally drain into superior mesenteric nodes. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Symptoms of Mendelson's syndrome generally occurs within 30 minutes of aspiration.
Critical pH is 2.5 and critical volume is 25 ml.
Use of corticosteroid is generally not recommended. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C i.e. Anterior uveitis Acute anterior uveitis Associated with: - Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis & - Anklyosing spondylitis Miotic pupil, Treatment: - Steroids (DOC) followed by - Mydriatics, Steroids reduces inflammation & scarring; Dilation of the pupil by atropine: - Reduces pain & - Prevents synechiae formation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The patient in question is presenting with charachteristic features of bronchiolitis obliterans. Fever, cough, and wheeze are common clinical features of bronchiolitis obliterans and a period of initial improvement may well be seen in cases of bronchiolitis obliterans (Initial sign of B.O). Hyperluscency or chest X-Ray... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester from the plasma lipoproteins into the artery wall and is a major cause of heart disease.
Elevated plasma cholesterol levels (>5.2 mmol/L) are one of the most important factors in promoting atherosclerosis, bu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. b. 3 columns | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Propeies of Insulin PreparationsPreparationTime of Action (Hr)Onset PeakEffective durationSho actingAspa<0.250.5-1.52-4Glusiline<0.250.5-1.52-4Lispro<0.250.5-1.52-4Regular0.5-1.02-33-6Long actingDetemir1-4---12-24Glargine2-4---12-24NPH2-44-1010-16Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 2411 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (a) Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachmentRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 637; Parson's 22/e, p. 72"Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) is much more common in high myopia, the pathogenesis including increased frequency of posterior vitreous detachment, lattice degeneration, asymptomatic atrophic holes. Macular ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgG IDOPATHICTHROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA There are two clinical subtypes of primary I.T.P, acute and chronic both are autoimmune disorders in which platelet destruction results from formation of antiplatelet antibodies. Pathogenesis Chronic ITP is caused by the formation of autoantibodies against platele... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Visual field | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C. ChylomicronsThe small intestine transports dietary triglyceride as chylomicrons in lymph. VLDLs are secreted by the small intestine during fasting. Although some dietary fatty acids are transported in the portal blood bound to albumin, it is not the predominant pathway for the transport of dietary lipids to the... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Synarthrosis are immovable joints and include the fibrous joints.
Amphiarthrosis are slight mobile and include the cartilaginous joints.
Diarthrosis are freely mobile joints and include the synovial joints. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Whenever the activity of osteoblasts increase, serum alkaline phosphatase is raised. Therefore, serum alkaline phosphatase acts as an index of osteoblastic activity.
The conditions in which osteoblastic activity is increased and hence the alkaline phosphatase in increased are : -
Rickets/osteomalacia
Primary ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
When male and female are affected equally, this indicate there is no predilection for male or female, This indicates that mode of inheritance is autosomal. As question says the disease only affects homozygous person and it has early onset of symptoms, this indicate the mode of inheritance is recessive. Therefore, above... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Clinical features of Hemobilia Characterized by Quinck's triad (Sandblom's triad) : GI hemorrhage +biliary colic+ jaundice Presentation : Melena(90%), hemetemesis (60%), biliary colic(70%) and jaundice (60%) Tendency for delayed presentation(upto weeks) and recurrent brisk but limited bleeding over months and even year... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 DM result from chronic hyperglycemia. Whereas, evidence implicating a causative role for chronic hyperglycemia in the development of macrovascular complications is less conclusive. Improvement of glycemic control reduce nonproliferative and proliferative retinop... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Genital tuberculosis (Ref: Shaw's 16/e p111)Most likely cause for beaded appearance of fallopian tubes with clubbed ends of fimbriae on HSG is genital Tuberculosis." Tubal occlusion in tuberculosis is considered the most common sign observed on an HSG and occurs most commonly in the region of isthmus and ampull... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Boyd's classification of claudication :
Grade I : Pian on walking, that improves with further walking.
Grade II : pain on walking, but patient continues to walk with pain.
Grade III : Pain on walking, that compels patient to take rest.
Grade IV : Rest pain. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Poststreptococcal GNWorldwide, the most common type of glomerulonephritis is IgA nephropathy. It is also the most common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in children. However, it is more commonly seen in the adolescents (peak age of occurrence being 10-20 years). In contrast, poststreptococcal GN is most com... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: Methotrexate Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor is a molecule that inhibits the function of dihydrofolate reductase, and is a type of antifolate. Since folate is needed by rapidly dividing cells to make thymine, this effect may be used to therapeutic advantage. For example, methotrexate is used as cancer chemoth... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
MUSCLES helping in looking down - Inferior rectus - primary function supplied by 3rd cranial nerve Superior oblique - secondary function-suppliecd by 4th cranial nerve | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Other causes:
Diabetes mellitus
Syringomyelia
Amyloidosis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The mechanism of enzyme catalysis is similar in principle to other types of chemical catalysis. By providing an alternative reaction route the enzyme reduces the energy required to reach the highest energy transition state of the reaction. The reduction of activation energy (Ea) increases the amount of reactant molecul... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lateral squint is also known as "Heterophoria" It is a condition in which tendency of the eyes to dete is kept latent by fusion. Therefore, when the influence of fusion is removed the visual axis of one eye detes away. Ref : A.K.Khurana; 6th edition;Page no: 344 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D. Microarray(Ref: Robbins 9/e page177,178)DNA microarray can be used to detect DNA sequence variationsRNA Microarray can detect Gene expression. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum. Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. Typically this results in no symptoms. Occasionally when severe it results in palpitations... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Methylphenidate is the drug of choice for ADHD in children. Dexamphetamine is a similar stimulant drug which is can be used as a second choice. Atomoxetine is also used as a second line drug for ADHD in children. Clonidine has anti-ADHD effects and is ideal if there are side effects from other drugs. E.g. Hypeension. V... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Transfusions with FFP to replenish vitamin K-dependent clotting factors should be administered on call to the operating room. The timing of transfusion is dependent on the quantity of each factor delivered and its half-life. The half-life of the most stable clotting factor, factor VII, is 4 to 6 hours. Thus, transfusio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
He has left-sided heart failure with pulmonary edema and congestion. His reduced cardiac output leads to diminished renal blood flow that stimulates the renin-angiotensin mechanism to retain salt and water to increase plasma volume. He has prerenal azotemia with a high BUN-to-creatinine ratio and low fractional excreti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Treatment of acute lymphangitis requires antibiotic and rest. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelination in the CNS. In the PNS, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath. The process of myelination begins before bih and is not complete until a year or more after bih. (Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of neuroanatomy, second edition, pg- 19) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Among the given drugs only to drugs that is bosentan and amilodipine are indicated in pulmonary hypeension. Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine are indicated only in those patient who are positive for intravenous vasodilator challenge (less than 5% patient ). The patient is negative then endothelin drugs are indic... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is `c' i.e., Leishmaniasis Disease common in Post-disaster Phase o Gastroenteritis (MC) o Acute respiratory tract infections (Pneumonia) o Leptospirosis Rickettsiosis Rabies Equine encephalitis | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where complete opening of all fascial envelope is done to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle. Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compament syndrome. REF : BAILEY AND ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Anthrax toxin is tripaite toxin It consist of Edema factor Protective factor Lethal factor Diphtheria toxin made up of A and B fragments Active fragment causes ADP ribosylation of EF leads to inhibition of protein synthesis Botulinum toxin - it has anticholinergic action Cholera toxin - two component | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
"Target" or "Iris" or "Bull's eye" lesions on hands, wrists and ankles are characteristic of erythema multiformae. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) NoseREF: Jawetz Microbiology, 24th Ed Ch. 14Staphylococci are ubiquitous human parasites. The chief sources of infection are shedding human lesions, fomites contaminated from such lesions, and the human respiratory tract and skin. Contact spread of infection has assumed added importance in hospitals, where ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Greenish discoloration over right iliac fossa | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Othello Syndrome or Delusional jealousy is a psychiatric disorder in which a person holds a strong delusional belief that their spouse or sexual paner is being unfaithful without having any, very little, or insignificant proof to back up their claim. People who suffer from this disorder have a strong association with s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Eugenics (Sir Francis Galton): Is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through various forms of intervention (Genetic Manipulation).
Euthenics: Deals with human improvement through altering external factors such as education and the controllable environment, including the preve... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The term stillborn refers to the death of a fetus after 28 weeks of gestation or death of a fetus weighing 1000gms. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dysmenorrhea in endometriosis is usually congestive type that stas prior to onset of menstruation. All endometriosis lesions are associated with pelvic pain including minimal to mild endometriosis. IN regards to option 'b' , dysmenorrhea is less frequent in women with 'only ovarian endometrioma' compared with other loc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ghrelin inhibits the satiety centre and is released from stomach and hypothalamus. It also stimulates the release of Growth hormone. The effect is that it increases appetite. It is also secreted in anorexia and induces lipolysis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Medullary o Thyroid tumor is seen in MEN II, and is medullary carcinoma of thyroid. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Gradenigo's syndrome/ Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome/ Petrous apicitis It is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone. It was first described by Giuseppe Gradenigo in 1904 when he repoed a triad of symptoms consisting of periorbital unilateral pain related to trigeminal... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Composition of Bile Substance Liver Bile Gallbladder Bile Water 97.5 g/dl 92 g/dl Bile salts 1.1 g/dl 6 g/dl Bilirubin 0.04 g/dl 0.3 g/dl Cholesterol 0.1 g/dl 0.3 to 0.9 g/dl Fatty acids 0.12 g/dl 0.3 to 1.2 g/dl Lecithin 0.04 g/dl 0.3 g/dl Na+ 5 mEq/L 130 mEq/L K+ 5mEq/L 12 mEq/L Ca++ 5 mEq/L 23 mEq/L Cl- 100 mEq/L 25... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (A) Casoni's testREF: Paniker's 6th ed p. 149The Casoni test is a skin test used in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. The test involves the intradermal injection of 0.5 ml of sterilised fluid from hydatid cysts. A wheal response occurring at the injection site within 20 minutes is considered positive. The test ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Lamellar or Zonular cataract It is a developmental cataract in which the opacity occupies a discrete zone in the lens. It is the most common type of congenital cataract presenting with visual impairment. Characteristic features. Typically, this cataract occurs in a zone of foetal nucleus surrounding the embryonic nucle... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning is 1-6 hours. As per question, consumption of food is within 6 hrs (3hrs). Food Poisoning Organism Incubation period Staphylococcal 1-6 hours Salmonella 12-24 hours Botulism 12-36 hours Clostridium perfringens 6-24 hours Bacillus cereus 1-6 hours E.coli 8-72 hours | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Develops only in the cases of maternal hypertension HELLP Syndromeo It is an acronym for hemolysis (H) elevated liver enzymes (EL) and low platelets (LP) (<l,00,000/mm3).o This is a rare complication of pre eclampsia (10-15%).o It may also develop even in patients without maternal hypertension,o Patie... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
option c - Hyaluronic acid helps in wound healing Hyaluronic Acid Longest GAG Present in Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Present in both bacteria and animals No Sulfate Role in Cell Migration during Morphogenesis Role in Wound Healing | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Healthy glomerulus is responsible for repulsion of proteins like Albumin Any kind of inflammation affecting the glomerulus will lead to damage to glomerulus, thus glomerulus will not function properly, leading to proteinuria. This type of proteinuria is given the name "Sub-nephrotic proteinuria" Additional findings in ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: ActinomycetesMycetoma is a chronic localized granulomatous inflammatory lesion common in the tropics and sub-tropics.Multiple siAuses, soft tissue swelling and discharge of coloured granules characterize a mycetoma foot. Chronic sinuses discharging granules are caused by (1) Eumycetes (true fungi), (2) Schizomy... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Borrelia BurgdorferiRef.: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. /377, 379, 381* Causal agent of lyme disease: Borrelia Burgdorferi (I.P. 3 to 30 days)# Vector: Ticks* Lyme disease occurs in 3 stages:# Stage 1: localized infection, appears an annular skin lesion (Erythema Migrans)# Stage 2: dissemi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The light-cure process is activated when a diketone photosensitizer such as camphorquinone (CQ) absorbs a quantum of blue light and forms an excited-state complex (exciplex) with an electron donor such as an amine (e.g., dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate ).
While in this activated complex, CQ extracts a hydrogen atom fro... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is `b' i.e., Epidemic disease Epidemic The unusual occurrence in a community or region of disease, specific health-related behaviour (e.g., smoking) or other related events clearly in excess of expected frequency (expected occurrence). o The key words in the definition of epidemic are "in excess of expected occurr... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(b) Best seen on posterior rhinoscopy(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 4/10/14)EthmoidalAntrochoanalMainly allergic etiologyInfectiveCommonUncommonMiddle ageYoungMultipleSingleBilateralUnilateralSeen on anterior rhinoscopyPosterior rhinoscopySteroids and antihistaminics are used in t/tNo roleHighly recurrentRecurrence is unc... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Bulb of hair follicleBulb of hair follicle has following layers- Fibrous connective tissueExternal root sheathInternal root sheath composed of epithelium stratum (Henle's layer)Q and granular stratum (Huxley's layer)QCuticle, coex & medulla of hair | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The action of extraocular muscles can be summarized as follows -
All the recti muscles are adductor except lateral rectus which is abductor.
Both oblique muscles are abductors
Both the superior muscles (superior oblique and superior rectus) are intortors.
Both the inferior muscles (Inferior oblique and inferior rectu... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
GLUT 4 Is the insulin-regulated glucose transpoer. Responsible for insulin-regulated glucose storage. And the GLUT 4 is found in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle).Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no-434 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) C8 T1REF: BDC 4th edition vol 1 Page 53See APPENDIX-7 for "BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESIONS -CHART 2"Repeat Anatomy December 2011 APPENDIX - 7Brachial Plexus Lesions-chart 1Nerve (Segment)Motor Deficit(s)Sensory DeficitsLong Thoracic (C 5, 6, 7)Winged Scapula- Serratus AnteriorNoneSuprascapular (C 5, 6 )Hard to star... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The appendix is an immunologic organ involved in secretion of immunoglobulins. An inverse association between appendectomy and development of ulcerative colitis has been repoed. Routine resection of the normal appendix to improve the clinical course of ulcerative colitis is not generally indicated. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Biotin (formerly known as anti-egg white injury factor Boas (1927) observed that rats fed huge quantity of raw egg white developed dermatitis and nervous manifestations & retardation in growth found that feeding cooked egg did not produce any of these symptoms It was shown that the egg white injury in rats and chicks (... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Osteoporosis in menopause typically affects tracbecular bone. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Large number of drugs follow first order kinetics of elimination i.e. a constant fraction of the drug is eliminated in unit time. Very few drugs e.g. alcohol, have zero order elimination pattern where in a constant amount of the drug is eliminated in unit time. For few other drugs the enzymes participating in the metab... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ERYTHROMYCIN It was isolated from Streptomyces erythreus in 1952. Since then it has been widely employed, mainly as alternative to penicillin. Water solubility of erythromycin is limited, and the solution remains stable only when kept in cold. Uses A . As an alternative to penicillin 1 . Streptococcal pharyngitis, tons... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is characterised by granuloma formation, mainly affecting the nasal passages, airways and kidney. A minority of patients present with glomerulonephritis. The most common presentation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis is with epistaxis, nasa... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Wounds do not begin to gain tensile strength from collagen immediately after the suturing . Wound stas achieving tensile strength around 20 % by 3 weeks, and increases by around 80 % by 12 weeks. The maximum scar strength is 80% of that of unwounded skin. Scar tissue continues to remodel for at least 6 - 12 months afte... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Serum ferritin levels is the most sensitive and specific test to diagnose iron deficiency anemia Under steady-state conditions, the serum ferritin level correlates with total body iron stores; thus, the serum ferritin level is the most convenient laboratory test to estimate iron stores. The normal value for ferritin va... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: a (NADP)Ref: Vasudevan Sreekumari, 6th edi., pg. 228NADPH is used for the reductive biosynthetic reactions e.g., de novo synthesis of fatty acid, synthesis of cholesterol and steroids. NADPH is mainly generated by the HMP shunt pathway.NADPH is not entering the ETC and NADPH will not generate ATP. NADH is used for... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Winter bottom sign is enlargement of posterior cervical lymph nodes, seen in sleeping sickness. Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. T. brucei gambiense causes West African sleeping sickness manifested by fever, hepatosple... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Bronchoscopy, lavage and brushing) : The basic idea is to obtain a tissue biopsy. FNAC could he used, however it would ceainly not be the best. Bronchoscopy would allow, both, direct visualization and biopsy, and so is the best option here. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'a' i.e. difficulty in shrugging of shoulder Nerves in the posterior triangle of neck (only motor nerves)Spinal accessory nerveTwo small branches to levator scapulae(C3,4)Nerve to RhomboideNerve to serratus anteriorNerve to subclaviusSuprascapular nerveWhen a superficial incision is made in the post triangle, th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. 1% Atropine ointment | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hydrofluoric acid causes Hypocalcemia. Calcium based therapies are main stay of treating Hydrofluoric acid burns. Topical application of calcium gluconate onto wounds and IV administration of calcium gluconate for systemic symptoms. Intra-aerial calcium gluconate infusion provides effective treatment of progressive tis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(Ref: Katzung Pharmacology, 14th ed. pg. 127-28)Organophosphates are irreversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which is well absorbed from the skin, lung, gut, and conjunctiva--thereby making them dangerous to humans and highly effective as insecticides.Due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, acetylcholine ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ileocaecal tuberculosis o Tuberculosis of the small intestine occurs in two forms :# Primary infection is usually due to bovine strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis and results from ingesting infected milk. In India the human strain may also cause such primary tuberculosis. This produces hyperplastic ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
B i.e. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 molecules of carbon dioxide are released in TCA cycle. One before and one after a - ketoglatarate. Enzymes used are - isocitrate dehydrogenase and a ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseQ respectively. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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