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15,200 | In October 2015, Kasparov published a book titled "Winter Is Coming: Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped". In the book, Kasparov likens Putin to Adolf Hitler, and explains the need for the West to oppose Putin sooner, rather than appeasing him and postponing the eventual confrontation. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,201 | In the 2016 United States presidential election, Kasparov described Republican Donald Trump as "a celebrity showman with racist leanings and authoritarian tendencies" and criticised Trump for calling for closer ties with Putin. After Trump's running mate, Mike Pence, called Putin a strong leader, Kasparov said that Put... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,202 | In 2017, he condemned the violence unleashed by the Spanish police against the independence referendum in Catalonia. He criticized the Spanish PM Mariano Rajoy and accused him of "betraying" the European promise of peace. After the Catalan regional election held later the same year, Kasparov wrote: "Despite unprecedent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,203 | Kasparov condemned the assassination of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. In October 2018, he wrote that Erdoğan's regime in Turkey "has jailed more journalists than any country in the world and scores of them remain in prison in Turkey. Since 2016, Turkey's intelligence agency has abducted at least 80 people in operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,204 | In 2021, Kasparov stated that "the only language that Putin understands is power, and his power is his money," arguing that the United States should target the bank accounts of Russian oligarchs to force Russia to rein in its criminals' cyberattacks against American agencies and companies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,205 | In 2022, Kasparov spoke out against the invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces on Twitter, stating "The only way this really ends is the fall of Putin's regime by collapse of Russian economy and defeat in Ukraine." He also believed that "pressure must be kept up" in terms of sanctions and condemnations against Russia's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,206 | Kasparov's attacking style of play has been compared by many to Alekhine's. Kasparov has described his style as being influenced chiefly by Alekhine, Tal and Fischer. Kramnik has opined that "[Kasparov's] capacity for study is second to none", and said "There is nothing in chess he has been unable to deal with." Magnus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,207 | Kasparov played in a total of eight Chess Olympiads. He represented the Soviet Union four times and Russia four times, following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. In his 1980 Olympiad debut, he became, at age 17, the youngest player to represent the Soviet Union or Russia at that level, a record which was broken... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,208 | For the 1994 Moscow Olympiad, he had a significant organizational role, in helping to put together the event on short notice, after Thessaloniki canceled its offer to host, a few weeks before the scheduled dates. Kasparov's detailed Olympiad record follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,209 | Kasparov made his international teams debut for the USSR at age 16 in the 1980 European Team Championship and played for Russia in the 1992 edition of that championship. He won a total of five medals. His detailed Euroteams record follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,210 | Kasparov also represented the USSR once in Youth Olympiad competition, sharing the title against Lev Psakhis who would become a Grand Master the following year, it remains one of Psakhis' most memorable games. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,211 | Kasparov holds the record for the longest time as the No. 1 rated player in the world—from 1984 to 2005 (Vladimir Kramnik shared the No. 1 ranking with him once, in the January 1996 FIDE rating list). He was also briefly ejected from the list following his split from FIDE in 1993, but during that time he headed the rat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,212 | In January 1990, Kasparov achieved the (then) highest FIDE rating ever, passing 2800 and breaking Bobby Fischer's old record of 2785. By the July 1999 and January 2000 FIDE rating lists, Kasparov had reached a 2851 Elo rating, at that time the highest rating ever achieved. He held that record for the highest rating eve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,213 | Kasparov holds the record for most consecutive professional tournament victories, placing first or equal first in 15 individual tournaments from 1981 to 1990. The streak was broken by Vasyl Ivanchuk at Linares 1991, where Kasparov placed second, half a point behind him after losing their individual game. The details of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,214 | Kasparov went 9 years winning every super-tournament he played, in addition to contesting his series of 5 consecutive matches with Anatoly Karpov. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,215 | His only failure in this time period in either tournament or match play was in the World Chess Championship 1984 when the 21-year-old Kasparov was trailing (−5, +3 = 40) against the defending champion Karpov before the match was abruptly cancelled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,216 | In these 10 consecutive classical super-tournaments wins, Kasparov had a score of 53 wins, 61 draws and 1 loss in 115 games with his only loss coming against Ivan Sokolov in Wijk aan Zee 1999. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,217 | In 1983, Acorn Computers acted as one of the sponsors for Kasparov's Candidates semi-final match against Viktor Korchnoi. Kasparov was awarded a BBC Micro, which he took back with him to Baku, making it perhaps the first Western-made microcomputer to reach Baku at that time. In 1985, computer chess magazine editor Fred... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,218 | In 1985, Kasparov played against thirty-two different chess computers in Hamburg, winning all games, albeit with some difficulty. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,219 | Several commercially available Kasparov computers were made in the 1980s, Saitek Kasparov Turbo King models, which were the gold standard of electronic chess machines. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,220 | On 22 October 1989, Kasparov defeated the chess computer Deep Thought in both games of a two-game match. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,221 | In December 1992, Kasparov visited Frederic Friedel in his hotel room in Cologne, and played 37 blitz games against Fritz 2 winning 24, drawing 4 and losing 9. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,222 | Kasparov cooperated in producing video material for the computer game "Kasparov's Gambit" released by Electronic Arts in November 1993. In April 1994, Intel acted as a sponsor for the first Professional Chess Association Grand Prix event in Moscow played a time control of 25 minutes per game. In May, Chessbase's Fritz ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,223 | In 1995, during Kasparov's world title match with Viswanathan Anand, he unveiled an opening novelty that had been checked with a chess engine, an approach that would become increasingly common in subsequent years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,224 | Kasparov played in a pair of six-game chess matches with an IBM supercomputer called Deep Blue. The first match was played in Philadelphia in 1996 and won by Kasparov. The second was played in New York City in 1997 and won by Deep Blue. The 1997 match was the first defeat of a reigning world chess champion by a compute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,225 | In May 1997, an updated version of Deep Blue defeated Kasparov 3½–2½ in a highly publicized six-game match. The match was even after five games but Kasparov lost quickly in Game 6. This was the first time a computer had ever defeated a world champion in a match. A documentary film was made about this famous match entit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,226 | Kasparov said that he was "not well prepared" to face Deep Blue in 1997. He said that based on his "objective strengths" his play was stronger than that of Deep Blue. Kasparov claimed that several factors weighed against him in this match. In particular, he was denied access to Deep Blue's recent games, in contrast to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,227 | After the loss, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine's moves, suggesting that during the second game, human chess players, in contravention of the rules, intervened. IBM denied that it cheated, saying the only human intervention occurred between games. The rules provided f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,228 | In January 2003, he engaged in a six-game classical time control match with a $1 million prize fund which was billed as the FIDE "Man vs. Machine" World Championship, against Deep Junior. The engine evaluated three million positions per second. After one win each and three draws, it was all up to the final game. After ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,229 | In June 2003, Mindscape released the computer game "Kasparov Chessmate", with Kasparov himself listed as a co-designer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,230 | In November 2003, he engaged in a four-game match against the computer program X3D Fritz, using a virtual board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system. After two draws and one win apiece, the X3D Man–Machine match ended in a draw. Kasparov received $175,000 for the result and took home the golden trophy. Kasparov ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,231 | In 2021, Kasparov promoted a series of 32 NFTs that detailed important moments in his career; the top four NFTs sold for $14,342, $14,342, $11,439 and $11,439. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,232 | Kasparov has written books on chess. He published a controversial autobiography when still in his early 20s, originally titled "Child of Change", later retitled "Unlimited Challenge". This book was subsequently updated several times after he became World Champion. Its content is mainly literary, with a small chess comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,233 | He has annotated his own games extensively for the Yugoslav "Chess Informant" series and for other chess publications. In 1982, he co-authored "Batsford Chess Openings" with British grandmaster Raymond Keene and this book was an enormous seller. It was updated into a second edition in 1989. He also co-authored two open... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,234 | In 2000, Kasparov co-authored "Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online Challenge" with grandmaster Daniel King. The 202-page book analyzes the 1999 Kasparov versus the World game, and holds the record for the longest analysis devoted to a single chess game. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,235 | In 2003, the first volume of his five-volume work "Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors" was published. This volume, which deals with the world chess champions Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, and some of their strong contemporaries, has received lavish praise from some rev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,236 | His book "Revolution in the 70s" (published in March 2007) covers "the openings revolution of the 1970s–1980s" and is the first book in a new series called "Modern Chess Series", which intends to cover his matches with Karpov and selected games. The book "Revolution in the 70s" concerns the revolution in opening theory... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,237 | In October 2015, Kasparov published a book titled "Winter Is Coming: Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped". The title is a reference to the HBO television series "Game of Thrones". In the book, Kasparov writes about the need for an organization composed solely of democratic countries to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,238 | Kasparov believes that the conventional history of civilization is radically incorrect. Specifically, he believes that the history of ancient civilizations is based on misdatings of events and achievements that actually occurred in the medieval period. He has cited several aspects of ancient history that he says are li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,239 | Kasparov has written in support of the pseudohistorical New Chronology (Fomenko), although with some reservations. In 2001, he expressed a desire to devote his time to promoting the New Chronology after his chess career. "New Chronology is a great area for investing my intellect ... My analytical abilities are well pla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,240 | Later, Kasparov renounced his support of Fomenko theories but reaffirmed his belief that mainstream historical knowledge is highly inconsistent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,241 | In 2007, he wrote "How Life Imitates Chess", an examination of the parallels between decision-making in chess and in the business world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,242 | In 2008, Kasparov published a sympathetic obituary for Bobby Fischer, writing: "I am often asked if I ever met or played Bobby Fischer. The answer is no, I never had that opportunity. But even though he saw me as a member of the evil chess establishment that he felt had robbed and cheated him, I am sorry I never had a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,243 | Kasparov collaborated with Max Levchin and Peter Thiel on "The Blueprint", a book calling for a revival of world innovation, planned to release in March 2013 from W. W. Norton & Company. The book was never released, as the authors disagreed on its contents. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,244 | Kasparov argued that chess has become the model for reasoning in the same way that the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster" became a model organism for geneticists, in an editorial comment on Google's AlphaZero chess-playing system. "I was pleased to see that AlphaZero had a dynamic, open style like my own," he wrote in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,245 | Kasparov served as a consultant for the 2020 Netflix miniseries "The Queen's Gambit". He gave an extended interview to "Slate" describing his contributions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,246 | In 2020, Kasparov collaborated with Matt Calkins, founder and CEO of Appian, on "HYPERAUTOMATION", a book about low-code development and the future of business automation. Kasparov wrote the foreword where he discusses his experiences with human–machine relationships. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,247 | The New York Times published an essay by Kasparov titled "Garry Kasparov: What We Believe About Reality" in 2021. The essay is part of a series called "The Big Ideas: What Do We Believe", which also includes essays by T.M. Luhrmann, Harry Reid, Ini Archibong, Errol Morris, and Carlo Rovelli, amongst others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,248 | He has been married three times: to Masha, with whom he had a daughter before divorcing; to Yulia, with whom he had a son before their 2005 divorce; and to Daria (Dasha), with whom he has two children, a daughter born in 2006 and a son born in 2015. Kasparov's wife manages his business activities worldwide as the found... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12810 |
15,249 | The Saab JAS 39 Gripen (; English: "griffin") is a light single-engine multirole fighter aircraft manufactured by the Swedish aerospace and defense company Saab AB. The Gripen has a delta wing and canard configuration with relaxed stability design and fly-by-wire flight controls. Later aircraft are fully NATO interoper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,250 | In 1979, the Swedish government began development studies for "an aircraft for fighter, attack, and reconnaissance" ("ett jakt-, attack- och spaningsflygplan", hence "JAS") to replace the Saab 35 Draken and 37 Viggen in the Swedish Air Force. A new design from Saab was selected and developed as the JAS 39. The first fl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,251 | To market the aircraft internationally, Saab formed partnerships and collaborative efforts with overseas aerospace companies. On the export market, early models of the Gripen achieved moderate success, with sales to nations in Central Europe, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. Bribery was suspected in some of these proc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,252 | A major redesign of the Gripen series, previously referred to as "Gripen NG" (Next Generation) or "Super JAS", now designated "JAS 39E/F Gripen" began deliveries to the Swedish Air Force and Brazilian Air Force in 2019. Changes from the JAS C to JAS E include a larger fuselage, a more powerful engine, an increased weap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,253 | In the late 1970s, Sweden sought to replace its aging Saab 35 Draken and Saab 37 Viggen. The Swedish Air Force required an affordable Mach 2 aircraft with good short-field performance for a defensive dispersed basing plan in the event of invasion; the plan included 800 m long by 17 m wide rudimentary runways that were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,254 | In 1979, the government began a study calling for a versatile platform capable of "JAS", standing for "Jakt" (air-to-air), "Attack" (air-to-surface), and "Spaning" (reconnaissance), indicating a multirole, or swingrole, fighter aircraft that can fulfill multiple roles during the same mission. Several Saab designs were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,255 | The preferred aircraft was a single-engine, lightweight single-seater, embracing fly-by-wire technology, canards, and an aerodynamically unstable design. The powerplant selected was the Volvo-Flygmotor RM12, a licence-built derivative of the General Electric F404−400; engine development priorities were weight reduction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,256 | Saab rolled out the first Gripen on 26 April 1987, marking the company's 50th anniversary. Originally planned to fly in 1987, the first flight was delayed by 18 months due to issues with the flight control system. On 9 December 1988, the first prototype (serial number 39-1) took its 51-minute maiden flight with pilot S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,257 | In response to the crash, Saab and US firm Calspan introduced software modifications to the aircraft. A modified Lockheed NT-33A was used to test these improvements, which allowed flight testing to resume 15 months after the accident. On 8 August 1993, production aircraft 39102 was destroyed in an accident during an ae... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,258 | The first order included an option for another 110, which was exercised in June 1992. Batch II consisted of 96 one-seat JAS 39As and 14 two-seat JAS 39Bs. The JAS 39B variant is 66 cm (26 in) longer than the JAS 39A to accommodate a second seat, which also necessitated the deletion of the cannon and a reduced internal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,259 | During the 1995 Paris Air Show, Saab Military Aircraft and British Aerospace (BAe, now BAE Systems) announced the formation the joint-venture company Saab-BAe Gripen AB with the goal of adapting, manufacturing, marketing and supporting Gripen worldwide. The deal involved the conversion of the A and B series aircraft to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,260 | On 26 April 2007, Norway signed a NOK150 million joint-development agreement with Saab to co-operate in the development programme of the Gripen, including the integration of Norwegian industries in the development of future versions of the aircraft. In June of the same year, Saab also entered an agreement with Thales N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,261 | In December 2007, as part of Gripen International's marketing efforts in Denmark, a deal was signed with Danish technology supplier Terma A/S that let them participate in an Industrial Co-operation programme over the next 10–15 years. The total value of the programme was estimated at over DKK10 billion, and was partly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,262 | Developing an advanced multi-role fighter was a major undertaking for Sweden. The predecessor 37 Viggen had been criticized for occupying too much of Sweden's military budget and was branded "a cuckoo in the military nest" by critics as early as 1971. At the 1972 party congress of the Socialdemokraterna, the dominant p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,263 | According to Annika Brändström, in the aftermath of the 1989 and 1993 crashes, the Gripen risked a loss of credibility and the weakening of its public image. There was public speculation that failures to address technical problems exposed in the first crash had directly contributed to the second crash and thus had been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,264 | The Gripen's cost has been subject to frequent attention and speculation. In 2008, Saab announced reduced earnings for that year, partly attributing this to increased marketing costs for the aircraft. In 2008, Saab disputed Norway's cost calculations for the Gripen NG as overestimated and in excess of real world perfor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,265 | Price of purchase is what gets most attention during procurement, but over the lifetime of an aircraft system the operating costs will take the larger part of the total budget. It is not uncommon that pilots and aircraft remain on the ground because the allocated funds for training have run out. Without sufficient prac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,266 | All values are compensated for inflation and given in 2022 year's currency value rounded to neared hundreds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,267 | Note that each source has used their own calculation model and thus are not directly comparative with each other. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,268 | A two-seat aircraft, designated "Gripen Demo", was ordered in 2007 as a testbed for various upgrades. It was powered by the General Electric F414G, a development of the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet's engine. The Gripen NG's maximum takeoff weight was increased from 14 000 to 16,000 kg (30,900–35,300 lb), internal fuel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,269 | Saab studied a variant of the Gripen capable of operating from aircraft carriers in the 1990s. In 2009, it launched the Sea Gripen project in response to India's request for information on a carrier-based aircraft. Brazil may also require new carrier aircraft. Following a meeting with Ministry of Defence (MoD) official... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,270 | In 2010, Sweden awarded Saab a four-year contract to improve the Gripen's radar and other equipment, integrate new weapons, and lower its operating costs. In June 2010, Saab stated that Sweden planned to order the Gripen NG, designated JAS 39E/F, and was to enter service in 2017 or earlier dependent on export orders. O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,271 | In July 2013, assembly began on the first pre-production Gripen E. Originally 60 JAS 39Cs were to be retrofitted as JAS 39Es by 2023, but this was revised to Gripen Es having new-built airframes and some reused parts from JAS 39Cs. In March 2014, Saab revealed the detailed design and indicated plans to receive military... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,272 | The Gripen is a multirole fighter aircraft, intended as a light-weight and agile aerial platform with advanced, highly adaptable avionics. It has canard control surfaces that contribute a positive lift force at all speeds, while the generous lift from the delta wing compensates for the rear stabiliser producing negativ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,273 | To enable the Gripen to have a long service life, roughly 50 years, Saab designed it to have low maintenance requirements. Major systems such as the RM12 engine and PS-05/A radar are modular to reduce operating cost and increase reliability. The Gripen was designed to be flexible, so that newly developed sensors, compu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,274 | One key aspect of the Gripen programme that Saab have been keen to emphasize has been technology-transfer agreements and industrial partnerships with export customers. The Gripen is typically customized to customer requirements, enabling the routine inclusion of local suppliers in the manufacturing and support processe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,275 | All of the Gripen's avionics are fully integrated using five MIL-STD-1553B digital data buses, in what is described as "sensor fusion". The total integration of the avionics makes the Gripen a "programmable" aircraft, allowing software updates to be introduced over time to increase performance and allow for additional ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,276 | Much of the data generated from the onboard sensors and by cockpit activity is digitally recorded throughout the length of an entire mission. This information can be replayed in the cockpit or easily extracted for detailed post-mission analysis using a data transfer unit that can also be used to insert mission data to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,277 | The Gripen entered service using the PS-05/A pulse-Doppler X band multi-mode radar, developed by Ericsson and GEC-Marconi, which is based on the latter's advanced Blue Vixen radar for the Sea Harrier that also served as the basis for the Eurofighter's CAPTOR radar. The all-weather radar is capable of locating and ident... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,278 | The future Gripen E/F will use a new Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, Raven ES-05, based on the Vixen AESA radar family from Selex ES. Among other improvements, the new radar is to be capable of scanning over a greatly increased field of view and improved range. In addition, the new Gripen integrates t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,279 | The primary flight controls are compatible with the Hands On Throttle-And-Stick (HOTAS) control principle – the centrally mounted stick, in addition to flying the aircraft, also controls the cockpit displays and weapon systems. A triplex, digital fly-by-wire system is employed on the Gripen's flight controls, with a me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,280 | Of the three multi-function displays (MFD), the central display is for navigational and mission data, the display to the left of the center shows aircraft status and electronic warfare information, and the display to the right of the center has sensory and fire control information. In two-seat variants, the rear seat's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,281 | Saab and BAE developed the Cobra HMDS for use in the Gripen, based on the Striker HMDS used on the Eurofighter. By 2008, the Cobra HMDS was fully integrated on operational aircraft, and is available as an option for export customers; it has been retrofitted into older Swedish and South African Gripens. The HMDS provide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,282 | All in-service Gripens as of January 2014 are powered by a Volvo RM12 turbofan engine (now GKN Aerospace Engine Systems), a licence-manufactured derivative of General Electric F404, fed by a Y-duct with splitter plates; changes include increased performance and improved reliability to meet single engine use safety crit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,283 | Like the Gripen, test models of the Dassault Rafale used F404 engines until replaced by the SNECMA M88-2 engine on production aircraft. A JAS 39C variant powered by a new thrust SNECMA M88-3 engine was proposed. The M88-3 variant would have a new low pressure compressor (LPC) with a new variable stator vane stage and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,284 | The JAS 39E and F variants under development are to adopt the F414G powerplant, a variant of the General Electric F414. The F414G can produce 20% greater thrust than the current RM12 engine, enabling the Gripen to supercruise (fly at supersonic speed without the use of afterburners) at a speed of Mach 1.1 while carryin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,285 | The Gripen is compatible with a number of different armaments, beyond the aircraft's single 27 mm Mauser BK-27 cannon (omitted on the two-seat variants), including air-to-air missiles such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder, air-to-ground missiles such as the AGM-65 Maverick, and anti-ship missiles such as the RBS-15. In 2010, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,286 | In flight, the Gripen is typically capable of carrying up to of assorted armaments and equipment. Equipment includes external sensor pods for reconnaissance and target designation, such as Rafael's LITENING targeting pod, Saab's Modular Reconnaissance Pod System, or Thales' Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod. The Gripen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,287 | Saab describes the Gripen as a "swing-role aircraft", stating that it is capable of "instantly switching between roles at the push of a button". The human/machine interface changes when switching between roles, being optimized by the computer in response to new situations and threats. The Gripen is also equipped to use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,288 | During the Cold War, the Swedish Armed Forces were to be ready to defend against a possible invasion. This scenario required defensive force dispersal of combat aircraft in the Bas 90 system to maintain an air defence capacity. Thus, a key design goal during the Gripen's development was the ability to operate from snow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,289 | During the design process, great priority was placed on facilitating and minimizing aircraft maintenance; in addition to a maintenance-friendly layout, many subsystems and components require little or no maintenance at all. Aircraft are fitted with a Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) that monitors the performan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,290 | A 2012 Jane's Aerospace and Defense Consulting study compared the operational costs of a number of modern combat aircraft, concluding that Gripen had the lowest "cost per flight hour" (CPFH) when fuel used, pre-flight preparation and repair, and scheduled airfield-level maintenance together with associated personnel co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,291 | The Swedish Air Force placed a total order for 204 Gripens in three batches. The first delivery occurred on 8 June 1993, when 39102 was handed over to the "Flygvapnet" during a ceremony at Linköping; the last of the first batch was handed over on 13 December 1996. The Air Force received its first Batch II example on 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,292 | The JAS 39 entered service with the Skaraborg Wing (F 7) on 1 November 1997. The final Batch three aircraft was delivered to FMV on 26 November 2008. This was accomplished at 10% less than the agreed-upon price for the batch, putting the JAS 39C flyaway cost at under US$30 million. This batch of Gripens was equipped fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,293 | On 29 March 2011, the Swedish parliament approved the Swedish Air Force for a 3-month deployment to support the UN-mandated no-fly zone over Libya. Deployment of eight Gripens, ten pilots, and other personnel began on 2 April. On 8 June 2011, the Swedish government announced an agreement to extend the deployment for fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,294 | In November 2012, Lieutenant Colonel Lars Helmrich of the Swedish Air Force testified to the Riksdag regarding the Gripen E. He stated that the current version of the Gripen would be outdated in air-to-air combat by 2020. With 60 Gripens having been judged to be the minimum required to defend Swedish Airspace, the Swed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,295 | On 25 August 2012, the Swedish government announced that 40–60 JAS 39E/F Gripens were expected to be procured and in service by 2023. On 11 December 2012, the Riksdag approved the purchase of 40 to 60 JAS 39E/Fs with an option to cancel if at least 20 aircraft are not ordered by other customers. on 17 January 2013, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,296 | There are also plans to keep some of the Gripen C/D active after 2025. This was recommended by the Swedish defence advisory committee in 2019. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,297 | In 2006, Swedish Gripen aircraft participated in Red Flag – Alaska, a multinational air combat exercise hosted by the United States Air Force. Gripen flew simulated combat sorties against F-16 Block 50, Eurofighter Typhoon and F-15C and scored ten kills, including a Eurofighter Typhoon and five F-16 Block 50s on day on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,298 | In December 2022 Sweden ordered a upgrade package from Saab for a number of their Gripen C/D fighters. The upgrade includes new engines, a new radar and a new electronic warfare system. The order value is approximately SEK 3.5 billion and the contract period is 2023-2029. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
15,299 | When the Czech Republic became a NATO member in 1999, they needed to replace their existing Soviet-built MiG-21 fleet with aircraft compatible with NATO standards. In 2000, the Czech Republic began evaluating a number of aircraft, including the F-16, F/A-18, Mirage 2000, Eurofighter Typhoon and the Gripen. One major pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87577 |
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