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2,700 | His close confidant and colleague, Nobel Prize winner Isidor Rabi, later gave his own interpretation: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,701 | In spite of this, observers such as Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez have suggested that if he had lived long enough to see his predictions substantiated by experiment, Oppenheimer might have won a Nobel Prize for his work on gravitational collapse, concerning neutron stars and black holes. In retrospect, som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,702 | During the 1920s, Oppenheimer remained uninformed on worldly matters. He claimed that he did not read newspapers or listen to the radio and had only learned of the Wall Street crash of 1929 while he was on a walk with Ernest Lawrence some six months after the crash occurred. He once remarked that he never cast a vote u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,703 | Oppenheimer's mother died in 1931, and he became closer to his father who, although still living in New York, became a frequent visitor in California. When his father died in 1937 leaving $392,602 to be divided between Oppenheimer and his brother Frank, Oppenheimer immediately wrote out a will that left his estate to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,704 | Like many young intellectuals in the 1930s, he supported social reforms that were later alleged to be communist ideas. He donated to many progressive causes that were later branded as left-wing during the McCarthy era. The majority of his allegedly radical work consisted of hosting fundraisers for the Republican cause ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,705 | In 1936, Oppenheimer became involved with Jean Tatlock, the daughter of a Berkeley literature professor and a student at Stanford University School of Medicine. The two had similar political views; she wrote for the "Western Worker", a Communist Party newspaper. In 1939, after a tempestuous relationship, Tatlock broke ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,706 | Their first child Peter was born in May 1941, and their second child, Katherine ("Toni"), was born in Los Alamos, New Mexico, on December 7, 1944. During his marriage, Oppenheimer rekindled his affair with Jean Tatlock. Later their continued contact became an issue in his security clearance hearings because of Tatlock'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,707 | When he joined the Manhattan Project in 1942, Oppenheimer wrote on his personal security questionnaire that he had been "a member of just about every Communist Front organization on the West Coast". Years later he claimed that he did not remember saying this, that it was not true, and that if he had said anything along... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,708 | The FBI opened a file on Oppenheimer in March 1941. It recorded that he attended a meeting in December 1940 at Chevalier's home that was also attended by the Communist Party's California state secretary William Schneiderman, and its treasurer Isaac Folkoff. The FBI noted that Oppenheimer was on the Executive Committee ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,709 | Throughout the development of the atomic bomb, Oppenheimer was under investigation by both the FBI and the Manhattan Project's internal security arm for left-wing associations he was known to have had in the past. He was followed by Army security agents during a trip to California in June 1943 to visit his former girlf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,710 | On October 9, 1941, two months before the United States entered World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved a crash program to develop an atomic bomb. In May 1942, National Defense Research Committee Chairman James B. Conant, who had been one of Oppenheimer's lecturers at Harvard, invited Oppenheimer to take... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,711 | In June 1942, the US Army established the Manhattan Project to handle its part in the atom bomb project and began the process of transferring responsibility from the Office of Scientific Research and Development to the military. In September, Groves was appointed director of what became known as the Manhattan Project. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,712 | Oppenheimer and Groves decided that for security and cohesion they needed a centralized, secret research laboratory in a remote location. Scouting for a site in late 1942, Oppenheimer was drawn to New Mexico, not far from his ranch. On November 16, 1942, Oppenheimer, Groves and others toured a prospective site. Oppenhe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,713 | Los Alamos was initially supposed to be a military laboratory, and Oppenheimer and other researchers were to be commissioned into the Army. He went so far as to order himself a lieutenant colonel's uniform and take the Army physical test, which he failed. Army doctors considered him underweight at , diagnosed his chron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,714 | Oppenheimer at first had difficulty with the organizational division of large groups, but rapidly learned the art of large-scale administration after he took up permanent residence on the mesa. He was noted for his mastery of all scientific aspects of the project and for his efforts to control the inevitable cultural c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,715 | In 1943 development efforts were directed to a plutonium gun-type fission weapon called "Thin Man". Initial research on the properties of plutonium was done using cyclotron-generated plutonium-239, which was extremely pure but could only be created in tiny amounts. When Los Alamos received the first sample of plutonium... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,716 | In May 1945 an Interim Committee was created to advise and report on wartime and postwar policies regarding the use of nuclear energy. The Interim Committee in turn established a scientific panel consisting of Arthur Compton, Fermi, Lawrence and Oppenheimer to advise it on scientific issues. In its presentation to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,717 | The joint work of the scientists at Los Alamos resulted in the world's first nuclear explosion, near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. Oppenheimer had given the site the codename "Trinity" in mid-1944 and said later that it was from one of John Donne's Holy Sonnets. According to the historian Gregg Herken, this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,718 | Oppenheimer later recalled that, while witnessing the explosion, he thought of a verse from the "Bhagavad Gita" (XI,12): "" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,719 | Years later he would explain that another verse had also entered his head at that time: namely, the famous verse: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,720 | Among those present with Oppenheimer in the control bunker at the site were his brother Frank and Brigadier General Thomas Farrell. When Jeremy Bernstein asked Frank what Robert's first words after the test had been, the answer was "I guess it worked." Farrell summarized Robert's reaction as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,721 | Physicist Isidor Rabi noticed Oppenheimer's disconcerting triumphalism: "I'll never forget his walk; I'll never forget the way he stepped out of the car ... his walk was like "High Noon" ... this kind of strut. He had done it." At an assembly at Los Alamos on August 6 (the evening of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima), O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,722 | For his services as director of Los Alamos, Oppenheimer was awarded the Medal for Merit from President Harry S. Truman in 1946. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,723 | The Manhattan Project was top secret and did not become public knowledge until after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Oppenheimer became a national spokesman for science who was emblematic of a new type of technocratic power. He became a household name and his portrait appeared on the covers of "Life" and "T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,724 | In November 1945, Oppenheimer left Los Alamos to return to Caltech, but he soon found that his heart was no longer in teaching. In 1947, he accepted an offer from Lewis Strauss to take up the directorship of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. This meant moving back east and leaving Ruth Tolman, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,725 | Oppenheimer brought together intellectuals at the height of their powers and from a variety of disciplines to answer the most pertinent questions of the age. He directed and encouraged the research of many well-known scientists, including Freeman Dyson, and the duo of Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee, who won a Nobel P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,726 | During a series of conferences in New York from 1947 through 1949, physicists switched back from war work to theoretical issues. Under Oppenheimer's direction, physicists tackled the greatest outstanding problem of the pre-war years: infinite, divergent, and non-sensical expressions in the quantum electrodynamics of el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,727 | As a member of the Board of Consultants to a committee appointed by Truman, Oppenheimer strongly influenced the Acheson–Lilienthal Report. In this report, the committee advocated the creation of an international Atomic Development Authority, which would own all fissionable material and the means of its production, such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,728 | After the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) came into being in 1947 as a civilian agency in control of nuclear research and weapons issues, Oppenheimer was appointed as the Chairman of its General Advisory Committee (GAC). From this position he advised on a number of nuclear-related issues, including project funding, labo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,729 | The first atomic bomb test by the Soviet Union in August 1949 came earlier than expected by Americans, and over the next several months there was an intense debate within the U.S. government, military, and scientific communities regarding whether to proceed with the development of the far more powerful, nuclear fusion-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,730 | Now in October 1949, Oppenheimer and the GAC recommended against the development of the Super. He and the other GAC members were motivated partly by ethical concerns, feeling that such a weapon could only be strategically used, resulting in millions of deaths: "Its use therefore carries much further than the atomic bom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,731 | A majority of the AEC subsequently endorsed the GAC recommendation – and Oppenheimer thought that the fight against the Super would triumph – but proponents of the weapon lobbied the White House vigorously. On January 31, 1950, President Truman, who was always predisposed to proceed with the development of the weapon a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,732 | In 1951, Edward Teller and mathematician Stanislaw Ulam developed what became known as the Teller-Ulam design for a hydrogen bomb. This new design seemed technically feasible and Oppenheimer officially acceded to the weapon's development, while still looking for ways in which its testing or deployment or use could be q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,733 | Oppenheimer, along with Conant and Lee DuBridge, another member who had opposed the H-bomb decision, left the GAC when their terms expired in August 1952. President Truman had declined to reappoint them, as the president wanted new voices on the committee who were more in support of H-bomb development. In addition, var... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,734 | Oppenheimer played a role on a number of government panels and study projects during the late 1940s and early 1950s, some of which found him in the middle of controversies and power struggles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,735 | In 1948 Oppenheimer chaired the Department of Defense's Long-Range Objectives Panel, which looked at the military utility of nuclear weapons including how they might be delivered. After a year's worth of study, in spring 1952 Oppenheimer wrote the draft report of Project GABRIEL, which examined the dangers of nuclear f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,736 | Oppenheimer participated in Project Charles during 1951, which examined the possibility of creating an effective air defense of the United States against atomic attack, and in the follow-on Project East River in 1952, which, with Oppenheimer's input, recommended building a warning system that would provide one-hour not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,737 | Edward Teller, who had been so uninterested in work on the atomic bomb at Los Alamos during the war that Oppenheimer had given him time instead to work on his own project of the hydrogen bomb, had eventually left Los Alamos in 1951 to help found, in 1952, a second laboratory at what would become the Lawrence Livermore ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,738 | Project Vista looked at improving U.S. tactical warfare capabilities. Oppenheimer was a late addition to the project in 1951 but wrote a key chapter of the report that challenged the doctrine of strategic bombardment and advocated for smaller tactical nuclear weapons which would be more useful in a limited theater conf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,739 | During 1952 Oppenheimer chaired the five-member State Department Panel of Consultants on Disarmament, which first urged that the United States postpone its planned first test of the hydrogen bomb and seek a thermonuclear test ban with the Soviet Union, on the grounds that avoiding a test might forestall the development... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,740 | Thus by 1953, Oppenheimer had reached another peak of influence, being involved in multiple different government posts and projects and having access to crucial strategic plans and force levels. But at the same time, Oppenheimer had become the enemy of the proponents of strategic bombardment, who viewed the physicist's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,741 | The FBI under J. Edgar Hoover had been following Oppenheimer since before the war, when he showed communist sympathies as a professor at Berkeley and had been close to members of the Communist Party, including his wife and brother. They strongly suspected that he himself was a member of the party, based on wiretaps in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,742 | On June 7, 1949, Oppenheimer testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, where he testified that he had associations with the Communist Party USA in the 1930s. He testified that some of his students, including David Bohm, Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz, Philip Morrison, Bernard Peters and Joseph Weinberg, had... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,743 | The triggering event for the security hearing happened on November 7, 1953, when William Liscum Borden, who until earlier in the year had been the executive director of the United States Congress Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, sent a letter to Hoover which said that "more probably than not J. Robert Oppenheimer is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,744 | One of the key elements in this hearing was Oppenheimer's earliest testimony about George Eltenton's approach to various Los Alamos scientists, a story that Oppenheimer confessed he had fabricated to protect his friend Haakon Chevalier. Unknown to Oppenheimer, both versions were recorded during his interrogations of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,745 | This led to outrage by the scientific community and Teller's virtual expulsion from academic science. Ernest Lawrence refused to testify on the grounds that he was suffering from an attack of ulcerative colitis, but an interview transcript in which he condemned Oppenheimer was presented as evidence in his absence. Grov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,746 | During his hearing, Oppenheimer testified willingly on the left-wing activities of many of his scientific colleagues. Had Oppenheimer's clearance not been stripped then he might have been remembered as someone who had "named names" to save his own reputation. As it happened, Oppenheimer was seen by most of the scientif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,747 | In a seminar at the Woodrow Wilson Institute on May 20, 2009, based on an extensive analysis of the Vassiliev notebooks taken from the KGB archives, John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev confirmed that Oppenheimer never was involved in espionage for the Soviet Union. Soviet intelligence tried repeatedl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,748 | On December 16, 2022, United States Secretary of Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm cleared Oppenheimer of allegations that led to the 1954 revocation of his security clearance, citing as the reason a "flawed investigation" of his background by the United States Atomic Energy Commission in the early 1950s. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,749 | Starting in 1954, Oppenheimer lived for several months of the year on the island of Saint John in the U.S. Virgin Islands. In 1957, he purchased a tract of land on Gibney Beach, where he built a spartan home on the beach. He spent a considerable amount of time sailing with his daughter Toni and wife Kitty. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,750 | Oppenheimer's first public appearance following the stripping of his security clearance was a lecture titled "Prospects in the Arts and Sciences" for the Columbia University Bicentennial radio show "Man's Right to Knowledge", in which he outlined his philosophy and his thoughts on the role of science in the modern worl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,751 | In February 1955, the president of the University of Washington, Henry Schmitz, abruptly cancelled an invitation to Oppenheimer to deliver a series of lectures there. Schmitz's decision caused an uproar among the students; 1,200 of them signed a petition protesting the decision, and Schmitz was burned in effigy. While ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,752 | Oppenheimer was increasingly concerned about the potential danger that scientific inventions could pose to humanity. He joined with Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell, Joseph Rotblat and other eminent scientists and academics to establish what would eventually, in 1960, become the World Academy of Art and Science. Signi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,753 | In his speeches and public writings, Oppenheimer continually stressed the difficulty of managing the power of knowledge in a world in which the freedom of science to exchange ideas was more and more hobbled by political concerns. Oppenheimer delivered the Reith Lectures on the BBC in 1953, which were subsequently publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,754 | Deprived of political power, Oppenheimer continued to lecture, write and work on physics. He toured Europe and Japan, giving talks about the history of science, the role of science in society, and the nature of the universe. In September 1957, France made him an Officer of the Legion of Honor, and on May 3, 1962, he wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,755 | The rehabilitation implied by the award was partly symbolic, as Oppenheimer still lacked a security clearance and could have no effect on official policy, but the award came with a $50,000 tax-free stipend, and its award outraged many prominent Republicans in Congress. The late President Kennedy's widow Jacqueline, sti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,756 | Oppenheimer was a chain smoker who was diagnosed with throat cancer in late 1965. After inconclusive surgery, he underwent unsuccessful radiation treatment and chemotherapy late in 1966. He fell into a coma on February 15, 1967, and died at his home in Princeton, New Jersey, on February 18, aged 62. A memorial service ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,757 | In October 1972, Kitty died aged 62 from an intestinal infection that was complicated by a pulmonary embolism. Oppenheimer's ranch in New Mexico was then inherited by their son Peter, and the beach property was inherited by their daughter Katherine "Toni" Oppenheimer Silber. Toni was refused security clearance for her ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,758 | When Oppenheimer was stripped of his position of political influence in 1954, he symbolized for many the folly of scientists who believed they could control the use of their research, and the dilemmas of moral responsibility presented by science in the nuclear age. The hearings were motivated by politics and personal e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,759 | Rather than consistently oppose the "Red-baiting" of the late 1940s and early 1950s, Oppenheimer testified against some of his former colleagues and students, both before and during his hearing. In one incident, his damning testimony against former student Bernard Peters was selectively leaked to the press. Historians ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,760 | Popular depictions of Oppenheimer view his security struggles as a confrontation between right-wing militarists (symbolized by Teller) and left-wing intellectuals (symbolized by Oppenheimer) over the moral question of weapons of mass destruction. The Oppenheimer story has often been viewed by biographers and historians... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,761 | The question of the scientists' responsibility toward humanity inspired Bertolt Brecht's drama "Galileo" (1955), left its imprint on Friedrich Dürrenmatt's "Die Physiker", and is the basis of the opera "Doctor Atomic" by John Adams (2005), which was commissioned to portray Oppenheimer as a modern-day Faust. Heinar Kipp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,762 | Oppenheimer is the subject of numerous biographies, including "" (2005) by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for 2006. The 1980 BBC TV serial "Oppenheimer", starring Sam Waterston, won three BAFTA Television Awards. "The Day After Trinity", a 1980 documentary abo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,763 | As a scientist, Oppenheimer is remembered by his students and colleagues as being a brilliant researcher and engaging teacher who was the founder of modern theoretical physics in the United States. Because his scientific attentions often changed rapidly, he never worked long enough on any one topic and carried it to fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,764 | As a military and public policy advisor, Oppenheimer was a technocratic leader in a shift in the interactions between science and the military and the emergence of "Big Science". During World War II, scientists became involved in military research to an unprecedented degree. Because of the threat fascism posed to Weste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,765 | Two days before the Trinity test, Oppenheimer expressed his hopes and fears in a quotation from Bhartṛhari's Śatakatraya: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39034 |
2,766 | Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a former neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,767 | The syndrome was named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favourite interests, and were clumsy. In 1994, the diagnosis of Asperger's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,768 | The exact cause of Asperger's is poorly understood. While it has high heritability, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. There is no single treatment, and the UK's National H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,769 | In 2015, Asperger's was estimated to affect 37.2 million people globally, or about 0.5% of the population. The exact percentage of people affected is not firmly established. Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in males more often than females, and females are typically diagnosed at a later age. The modern conception ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,770 | The extent of the overlap between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism (HFA – autism unaccompanied by intellectual disability) is unclear. The ASD classification is to some extent an artifact of how autism was discovered, and may not reflect the true nature of the spectrum; methodological problems have beset A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,771 | The World Health Organization (WHO) previously defined Asperger syndrome (AS) as one of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), which are a spectrum of psychological conditions that are characterized by abnormalities of social interaction and communication that pervade the indivi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,772 | As a pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger syndrome is distinguished by a pattern of symptoms rather than a single symptom. It is characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction, by stereotyped and restricted patterns of behavior, activities, and interests, and by no clinically significant delay in c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,773 | A lack of "demonstrated" empathy affects aspects of social relatability for persons with Asperger syndrome. Individuals with Asperger syndrome experience difficulties in basic elements of social interaction, which may include a failure to develop friendships or to seek shared enjoyments or achievements with others (e.g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,774 | People with Asperger syndrome may not be as withdrawn around others, compared with those with other forms of autism; they approach others, even if awkwardly. For example, a person with Asperger syndrome may engage in a one-sided, long-winded speech about a favorite topic, while misunderstanding or not recognizing the l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,775 | The cognitive ability of children with AS often allows them to articulate social norms in a laboratory context, where they may be able to show a theoretical understanding of other people's emotions; however, they typically have difficulty acting on this knowledge in fluid, real-life situations. People with AS may analy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,776 | The hypothesis that individuals with AS are predisposed to violent or criminal behavior has been investigated but is not supported by data. More evidence suggests that children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome are more likely to be victims, rather than offenders. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,777 | A 2008 review found that an overwhelming number of reported violent criminals with Asperger syndrome also had other coexisting psychotic psychiatric disorders such as schizoaffective disorder. This coexistence of psychotic disorders is referred to as comorbid disorders. Comorbid disorders can be completely independent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,778 | People with an Asperger profile might not be recognized for their empathetic qualities, due to variation in the ways empathy is felt and expressed. Some people feel deep empathy, but do not outwardly communicate these sentiments through facial expressions or language. Some people come to empathy through intellectual pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,779 | Evidence suggests that in the "double empathy problem model, autistic people have a unique interaction style which is significantly more readable by other autistic people, compared to non-autistic people." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,780 | People with Asperger syndrome can display behavior, interests, and activities that are restricted and repetitive and are sometimes abnormally intense or focused. They may stick to inflexible routines, move in stereotyped and repetitive ways, preoccupy themselves with parts of objects, or engage in compulsive behaviors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,781 | The pursuit of specific and narrow areas of interest is one of the most striking among possible features of AS. Individuals with AS may collect volumes of detailed information on a relatively narrow topic such as weather data or star names without necessarily having a genuine understanding of the broader topic. For exa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,782 | Stereotyped and repetitive motor behaviors are a core part of the diagnosis of AS and other ASDs. They include hand movements such as flapping or twisting, and complex whole-body movements. These are typically repeated in longer bursts and look more voluntary or ritualistic than tics, which are usually faster, less rhy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,783 | According to the Adult Asperger Assessment (AAA) diagnostic test, a lack of interest in fiction and a positive preference towards non-fiction is common among adults with AS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,784 | Although individuals with Asperger syndrome acquire language skills without significant general delay and their speech typically lacks significant abnormalities, language acquisition and use is often atypical. Abnormalities include verbosity; abrupt transitions; literal interpretations and miscomprehension of nuance; u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,785 | Three aspects of communication patterns are of clinical interest: poor prosody, tangential and circumstantial speech, and marked verbosity. Although inflection and intonation may be less rigid or monotonic than in classic autism, people with AS often have a limited range of intonation: speech may be unusually fast, jer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,786 | Children with AS may have a sophisticated vocabulary at a young age and such children have often been colloquially called "little professors" but have difficulty understanding figurative language and tend to use language literally. Children with AS appear to have particular weaknesses in areas of nonliteral language th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,787 | Individuals with Asperger syndrome may have signs or symptoms that are independent of the diagnosis but can affect the individual or the family. These include differences in perception and problems with motor skills, sleep, and emotions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,788 | Individuals with AS often have excellent auditory and visual perception. Children with ASD often demonstrate enhanced perception of small changes in patterns such as arrangements of objects or well-known images; typically this is domain-specific and involves processing of fine-grained features. Conversely, compared wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,789 | Hans Asperger's initial accounts and other diagnostic schemes include descriptions of physical clumsiness. Children with AS may be delayed in acquiring skills requiring dexterity, such as riding a bicycle or opening a jar, and may seem to move awkwardly or feel "uncomfortable in their own skin". They may be poorly coor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,790 | Children with AS are more likely to have sleep problems, including difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and early morning awakenings. AS is also associated with high levels of alexithymia, which is difficulty in identifying and describing one's emotions. Although AS, lower sleep quality, and ale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,791 | Hans Asperger described common traits among his patients' family members, especially fathers, and research supports this observation and suggests a genetic contribution to Asperger syndrome. Although no specific genetic factor has yet been identified, multiple factors are believed to play a role in the expression of au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,792 | A few ASD cases have been linked to exposure to teratogens (agents that cause birth defects) during the first eight weeks from conception. Although this does not exclude the possibility that ASD can be initiated or affected later, it is strong evidence that ASD arises very early in development. Many environmental facto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,793 | Asperger syndrome appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems, as opposed to localized effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,794 | Although the specific underpinnings of AS or factors that distinguish it from other ASDs are unknown, and no clear pathology common to individuals with AS has emerged, it is still possible that AS's mechanism is separate from other ASDs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,795 | Neuroanatomical studies and the associations with teratogens strongly suggest that the mechanism includes alteration of brain development soon after conception. Abnormal fetal development may affect the final structure and connectivity of the brain, resulting in altered neural circuits controlling thought and behavior.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,796 | One general-processing theory is weak central coherence theory, which hypothesizes that a limited ability to see the big picture underlies the central disturbance in ASD. A related theory—enhanced perceptual functioning—focuses more on the superiority of locally oriented and perceptual operations in autistic individual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,797 | The mirror neuron system (MNS) theory hypothesizes that alterations to the development of the MNS interfere with imitation and lead to Asperger's core feature of social impairment. One study found that activation is delayed in the core circuit for imitation in individuals with AS. This theory maps well to social cognit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,798 | Standard diagnostic criteria require impairment in social interaction and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, activities, and interests, without significant delay in language or cognitive development. Unlike the international standard, the DSM-IV-TR criteria also required significant impairment in day-to-d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
2,799 | Diagnosis is most commonly made between the ages of four and eleven. A comprehensive assessment involves a multidisciplinary team that observes across multiple settings, and includes neurological and genetic assessment as well as tests for cognition, psychomotor function, verbal and nonverbal strengths and weaknesses, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37556 |
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