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Ancylis divisana Ancylis divisana, the two-toned ancylis moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and West Virginia. The wingspan is 10–13 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to October. The larvae feed on Carpinus species, Castanea dentata, Quercus species and Platanus species (including Platanus occidentalis). References Category:Moths described in 1863 Category:Enarmoniini Category:Moths of North America	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Austria at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Austria participated in the ninth Winter Paralympics in Turin, Italy. Team Austria entered 25 athletes in the following sports: Alpine skiing: 20 male, 3 female Nordic skiing: 2 male Medalists See also 2006 Winter Paralympics Austria at the 2006 Winter Olympics External links Torino 2006 Paralympic Games International Paralympic Committee Österreichisches Paralympisches Committee 2006 Category:Nations at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Winter Paralympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Poland at the 2011 Summer Universiade Poland will compete at the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzhen, China. Medalists Basketball Poland has qualified a women's team. Group C Classification 9th-16th Place Classification 13th-16th Place Volleyball Poland has qualified a women's team. Group C \|} \|} Quarterfinals \|} Classification 5-8 places \|} Final 5-6 places \|} References Category:2011 in Polish sport Category:Nations at the 2011 Summer Universiade Category:Poland at the Summer Universiade	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kaththi Sandai Kaththi Sandai () is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film written and directed by Suraj. The film is produced by S. Nanthagopal. The film features Vishal and Tamannaah in the lead roles. Jagapathi Babu, Vadivelu, Soori and Tarun Arora play pivotal roles. The project was launched in May 2016. The film released on 23 December 2016. It was dubbed and released simultaneously in Telugu as Okkadochadu. It was dubbed into Hindi as Rowdy Rajkumar. Plot Arjun Ramakrishnan (Vishal) comes to Chennai to woo a psychology student named Divya (Tamannaah), on whom he has a crush. With the help of a local incompetent don named Deva (Soori), he succeeds in winning her heart. Divya's elder brother is Tamizhselvan (Jagapati Babu), the honest and sincere DCP of Chennai. He approves the relationship between Arjun and his sister, and soon, their wedding is fixed. One day, Tamizhselvan is kidnapped by some goons in retaliation for his thwarting of a black money scam six months ago. Arjun rescues Tamizhselvan and takes him home, only to reveal that he is actually a CBI officer who had discovered 250 crore stashed in Tamizhselvan's house as black money. 300 crore had been seized during the black money raid, but it was publicly announced that only 50 crore had been seized. Arjun takes away all the money but does not arrest Tamizhselvan due to his public reputation, instead of telling him to personally surrender later that day. However, Tamizhselvan soon finds out that Arjun is not a CBI officer, but is a criminal who had recently been released from prison. He pursues Arjun with the aim of getting back the money. During the chase, he opens fire on Arjun's SUV, causing Arjun to lose control and meet with an accident, losing consciousness. Arjun wakes up in a hospital, having lost his memory. Tamizhselvan keeps Arjun in custody in a house, where a psychiatrist named Dr. Boothri (Vadivelu) is assigned to restore Arjun's memory so that he can reveal where he has kept the money. Unknown to anyone, Arjun had not lost his memory; he is only pretending as part of his mission to retrieve the black money. At night, he sneaks out of the house and steals the black money of a Union Minister (Jayaprakash), converting it to white money with the help of a hawala trader. However, Tamizhselvan and the Union Minister soon find out that Arjun had not lost his memory and has stolen even more of the black money. Arjun, confronted by Tamizhselvan and the Union Minister, reveals his motive for stealing the black money. Arjun is from Manimangalam, a remote village with no basic amenities like roads, water, high schools, and even proper housing and sanitation facilities. When the building of the only primary school in the village collapsed, he confronted the local MLA Sivagnanam (Thennavan), who had falsely claimed to have developed the village, instead pocketing all the money which was to be used for developing Manimangalam. Sivagnanam rudely sent him away, defending his corruption and even declaring that he would never develop the village. Following this, Arjun approached the Union Minister, who also turned out to be corrupt like Sivagnanam. Arjun's friends confront Sivagnanam and his men, who kill them all. It is at this stage that Arjun had decided to get back all the black money acquired by Sivagnanam (which was the 300 crore recovered earlier in the film) and the Union Minister and use it to develop Manimangalam. Arjun takes Tamizhselvan, the Union Minister and Divya to Manimangalam, which is now a very well developed village. He reveals that he had used the money hoarded by the Union Minister along with Sivagnanam's 300 crore to develop the village and had given the credit to him, because of which the villagers now hold the Union Minister in high regard. Tamizhselvan drops all charges against Arjun, seeing that he had stolen the money which was black for good intentions and arrests the Union Minister. In the credits, it is revealed that Divya and Tamizhselvan involve themselves in Manimangalam's development, along with Arjun. Cast Vishal as Arjun Ramakrishnan / Cheenu Tamannaah as Dhivya / Bhaanu Jagapati Babu as DCP Tamizhselvan Vadivelu as Dr. Boothri Soori as Deva / Chithra Master Tarun Arora as Tamizhselvan's accomplice Jayaprakash as Union Minister Thennavan as MLA Sivagnanam Nirosha as Tamizhselvan's wife Soundararaja as Soundar (Arjun's friend) Aarthi as Boothri's assistant Thadi Balaji as Boothri's assistant Chinni Jayanth as Psychology Professor Madhan Bob as Doctor Production In April 2016, it was announced that Vishal and Suraj would team up for a film titled Kaththi Sandai, which would be produced by S. Nanthagopal of Madras Enterprises. Vadivelu and Soori were selected to play comical roles. The film marks the former's comeback as a comedian into Tamil cinema as well as his second collaboration with Vishal after Thimiru (2006). In May 2016, Tamannaah and Jagapati Babu were roped in to play the female lead and the antagonist respectively. Principal photography began with a puja ceremony held on 2 May 2016. In June 2016, Tarun Arora was cast in a negative role after Suraj was impressed with the actor's performance in Kanithan (2016). According to a report by Sify, Vadivelu completed his portions by the end of August 2016. Filming was wrapped up in November 2016. Music The film's soundtrack and score is composed by Hiphop Tamizha while the lyrics for the songs were written by Na. Muthukumar. Kaththi Sandai is one of the last films Muthukumar worked on before his death in August 2016. The soundtrack was released on 26 October 2016. Behindwoods gave a rating of 2.5/5 and noted that "Kaththi Sandai is a fun filled album from Hip-Hop Thamizha which is still filled with repetitive elements." Siddharth K of Sify rated the album 3/5 and labelled it "a mixed bag" while noting that "the usage of versatile choice of singers would have made a difference for the album overall." Release Kaththi Sandai was initially slated for a Diwali release on 28 October 2016. In early October 2016, Vishal announced through his Twitter handle that the film was postponed to a November 2016 release and that the soundtrack album would be released on Diwali instead. The film was later released on 23 December 2016. Critical reception Kaththi Sandai received mixed reviews from critics. Film critic and writer Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu criticised the script and its execution, pointing out that the director "just wants to keep distracting you with songs and fights and comedy." He concluded his review by labelling the film as a "silly, noisy waste of a good premise" Thinkal Menon of The Times of India wrote, "With a not-so-proper characterisations for the ones who played prominent roles and a done-to-death plot, the film, overall doesn't engage." Gautaman Bhaskaran of Hindustan Times called it "a corny cocktail of bullets, bloodshed and buffoonery." Manoj Kumar R of The Indian Express wrote, "Be warned: Smoking tobacco causes cancer, watching this movie may have a similar effect on your mental health." Srivatsan of the magazine India Today, like Rangan, criticised the screenplay, adding "Do yourself a favour and keep from watching Kaththi Sandai." Malini Mannath, writing for The New Indian Express labelled it as a "long and tedious affair" S Saraswathi of Rediff while calling Kaththi Sandai "a tedious action film" noted that both Vadivelu and Soori "appear to be wasted on this poorly-written script." A reviewer from Sify found the film to be "remotely original or interesting" References External links Category:Indian films Category:Tamil-language films Category:2010s Tamil-language films Category:Masala films Category:Indian action films Category:Films scored by Hiphop Tamizha Category:Films shot in Georgia (country) Category:2016 films Category:Indian action comedy films Category:Films about corruption in India Category:Indian heist films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bhoe Asal railway station Bhoe Asal railway station (Urdu and ) is located in Bhoe Asal village, Kasur district of Punjab province, Pakistan. See also List of railway stations in Pakistan Pakistan Railways References External links Official Web Site of Pakistan Railways Category:Railway stations in Kasur District Category:Defunct railway stations in Pakistan Category:Railway stations on Karachi–Peshawar Line (ML 1)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Army Reserve (Ireland) The Army Reserve (AR) () is the reserve land component of the Irish Defence Forces. It is the second line reserve of the Irish Army. The Army Reserve involves military service on a part-time basis, and is one of two elements of the Reserve Defence Forces, the other element being the Naval Service Reserve (NSR). It was established on 1 October 2005 to replace and reorganise the previous reserve organisation, and to improve training and courses along the lines of the regular, full-time Permanent Defence Forces (PDF). This reorganisation saw the creation of an overriding Reserve Defence Forces structure which spans both the Army and Naval Service Reserve. Prior to the 2005 restructure, the land component of the reserve forces were known as the (FCÁ) (local defence force), which in turn has its origins in the units formed in 1920s. Army Reserve elements are now integrated with PDF units, under the "Single Force" framework. In times of crisis or emergency, Reservists are liable to be called up on permanent service within the state or outside it by the Minister for Defence or Government of Ireland in accordance with the Defence Acts. History Early Reserve/Volunteer forces In the years following the establishment of the Defence Forces, various classes of Army Reserves were experimented with. Between 1927 and 1939, these comprised several reserve classes. Classes In May 1927, the "Class A Reserve" was established and consisted of regular non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and men transferred to the Reserve. Though numbers never exceeded 5,000, they were the best trained of the reserves, with over 80% reporting annually for training. In January 1928, the "Class B Reserve" was formed, with the object of building up the infantry arm of the Defence Forces – on a voluntary basis. Its conditions of service were three months initial training, followed by one months' annual training with liability for six years Reserve service. It was not a success however, never exceeding 3,600 in strength, and had practically ceased to exist by 1934. The "Volunteer Reserve Force" was established in Autumn 1929. No initial training was required – instead members attended parade once weekly, with four weekend camps per year along with fifteen days annual training. It was divided into three units, one Battalion in Dublin, an Artillery Battery in Cork and an Officer Training Corps in third-level universities. A total of 1,229 enlisted in the Officer Training College (OTC), while 987 enlisted in the other two units. The units were disbanded in 1935. The "Volunteer Force" was established in March 1934. Apart from basic military requirements there was a political consideration in its formation. Fianna Fáil, who had assumed power in 1932, were anxious that the Army should be more representative of the different political persuasions in the country. Since 1924, the Army had been composed of pro-Treaty supporters. It was hoped that this new force would attract men who would be considered anti-Treaty in outlook. To this end a number of men who had prominent anti-Treaty records in the Civil War were commissioned at the initial stages as Administrative Officers. On 6 November 1935 the "Pearse Regiment" was added. Named after Pádraig Pearse, this force consisted of three lines of Reserve with varying conditions of service. Those of the first line had to undergo initial training along with a commitment to thirty days annual training, and reached a maximum strength of 10,578 by April 1935. On 1 September 1939 the strength was 257 officers and 6,986 other ranks. The second line consisted of personnel who had been trained in the first line and had been transferred. The third line was intended to be a reserve of specialists in civilian life who would be of value to the Army upon mobilisation. Organisation The Volunteer Force was the first scheme to make provision for recruitment into all arms of the service. It also provided for the special training of non-commissioned officers and the training of NCOs for commissions. The inclusion of civilian committees (known as ) to help recruiting and administration at a local level was a feature of the Force. The however gradually disappeared and were replaced by committees composed solely of Volunteers. The Volunteers had a distinctive uniform, darker than the ordinary uniform, with black boots, leggings, belts, chromium buttons and badges and forage caps. Territorially these early volunteer/reserve forces were divided into regimental areas, which took their names from the ancient Irish kingdoms where they were raised; The Regiment of Oriel – Counties Louth, Meath and Monaghan. The Regiment of Leinster – Counties Kildare, West Wicklow, Wexford and Carlow. The Regiment of Dublin – County and Borough of Dublin and East Wicklow. The Regiment of Ormond, renamed Ossory in 1935. Counties Kilkenny, Waterford and Tipperary. The Regiment of Thomond – Counties Limerick and Clare. The Regiment of Connacht – Counties Galway, Mayo and Roscommon. The Regiment of Breffni – Counties Cavan, Longford, Leitrim and Sligo. The Regiment of Tyrconnell – County Donegal. The Regiment of Uisneach – Counties Laois, Offaly and Westmeath. The Regiment of Desmond – Counties Cork and Kerry. World War II – "The Emergency" In response to the various security threats posed during World War II, known in Ireland as The Emergency, a new reserve force – the Local Security Force (LSF) – was created on 28 May 1940 as an auxiliary police service. Instituted under a Garda Síochána Act, its activities were to be devoted to auxiliary police and internal security work. Recruiting forms were dispatched to Garda stations on 31 May 1940 and by 16 June of the same year 44,870 members were enrolled. On 22 June 1940 a decision was taken to divide the force into two groups; "A" Group – to act as an auxiliary to the Army. "B" Group – to continue as an auxiliary to the Police Force. By August 1940 the strength had risen to 148,306 and by October of the same year detailed organisations for each group were issued and District Staffs were formed. By the end of 1940 the Army had more or less completed its expansion to a war-time footing and was then in a position to take over the control of "A" Group from the Gardaí. On 1 January 1941 it was handed over to the Command and control of the Army and was given the new title of "The Local Defence Force"/"LDF" (An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil/FCÁ). The "B" Group continued as an auxiliary police force and retained its old name – "The Local Security Force" (LSF). From the military point of view the LDF was the equivalent of many additional battalions to the Defence Forces. Local Security Force The LSF was organised in groups around each Garda Station. It was organised into sections and squads and its general duties consisted of traffic control, communications, protective duties, transport, and first aid. While other elements of the Defence Forces devoted most of their time to training, the LSF, while training was important, were required to devote much of their time to actual work. Police duties, patrolling and observation were important aspects of their activities. Unlike the soldier who was trained to act as part of a team, the LSF member acted more like a policeman and therefore more emphasis was placed on training to enable him to act alone. In the cities and large towns their systems of patrols and beats were designed to coincide with times of local crime peaks. A survey of 200 commendations issued to members include the detection of such crimes as housebreaking, larceny, dangerous driving, saving of life from burning buildings, assistance to Gardaí in need of assistance and others. They also assisted the Gardaí in searches for reported parachutists, missing persons, and crashed aircraft. They kept a watch for floating mines and provided cordons when required. They also assisted in policing at two General Elections. Assistance to other Government Departments was also provided, and included the distribution to households of tea rationing forms and ration books (March 1941), census of turf cutting (July 1941), a survey of accommodation available for refugees, and the provision of patrols to enforce the regulations governing the movement of cattle on outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. Local Defence Force As noted above, this was the "A" Group of the LSF that had been transferred to the Army in January 1941. With its military status and responsibility, it was integrated into the combat organisations under full military discipline. The main LDF weapons were the rifle, bayonet and grenade. The organisation was mostly one of rifle companies and platoons. In 1942 the LDF strength was 98,429. In 1943 this rose to 103,530. And in 1944 it was at 96,152. These strengths were regarded as being effective and may reflect a rise and fall as the European battle front approached or receded from Irish shores. Establishment of the FCÁ A post-war establishment of 12,500 in all ranks saw a rapid demobilisation and reorganisation within a small period. The Regular Army was now composed of three Brigades. In 1947 all reserve forces were disestablished and in their place were created the First Line Reserve (FLR) and the Second Line Reserve – An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil (FCÁ) (Local Defence Force). The basic principles underlying this establishment were that; The three brigades at about half strength could, with their reserves be quickly mobilised to full strength. Provide normal garrison and training establishments. Provide cadres for the Reserves. This organisation remained until 1959 when "integration" was introduced by which the FCÁ was integrated with the Regular Army. Six Brigades of mixed Regular and FCÁ units, each with only one Regular Battalion were established with the intention that the remaining units would be filled by FCÁ personnel upon mobilisation. In 1979 there was a change in the structure and role of the FCÁ which had existed since the 1959 integration. The six integrated Infantry Brigades were reduced to four Permanent Defence Force (PDF) Brigades and the Eastern Command Infantry Force (ECIF). A new command structure was set up for the FCÁ with a Directorate of Reserve Forces. The Army Reserve was deployed to aid its regular counterparts in support of the Garda Síochána along the border with Northern Ireland during the conflict known as the Troubles (1969–1998). Changing role and the RDF Confirmed by the Minister for Defence in Dáil Éireann on 15 May 1991, the role of the FCÁ units changed. They were now to be tasked with local defence and security, reinforcement of Army units with trained manpower, and the replacement of Army units in Barracks should the need arise. Females were inducted into selected units of the FCÁ in 1991 and from 1993 all units were permitted to recruit females. In 1997, a Steering Group was convened by the Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces to conduct a special study on the restructuring of the Reserve Defence Forces. The report was completed in May 1999. On 1 October 2005 the FCÁ was stood down and the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF), consisting of the Army Reserve and Naval Service Reserve, was established. In 2013 a major reorganisation was carried out that implemented the 'Single Force Concept' whereby RDF sub-units would now be attached to PDF Army units. Training Enlistment is open to EU and EEA citizens between the ages of 18 and 35, provided they are ordinarily resident in Ireland, can pass a fitness examination, medical examination, are of good character, obtain a security clearance, and also to non-EU citizens who have been continuously legally resident in the state for at least three years. All enlisted members of the Reserve Defence Forces undergo recruit training on a part-time basis, receiving professional military training. This training takes place mostly on weekends, weekday evenings and annual full-time training (FTT). Recruits must also undergo full-time paid training for at least 2 continuous weeks in a year and pass proficiency tests on foot drill, arms drill, tactics, physical fitness and rifle training with the Steyr AUG 5.56mm assault rifle to qualify as a 2 Star Private. 3 Star training includes navigation, training on the FN MAG general-purpose machine gun (GPMG), fieldcraft, combat first aid, public order training and tactical training, which takes place on weekends, "field days" and "parade nights" and there is also a requirement to undergo at least 14 continuous days full-time paid training. The recruit to fully trained 3* soldier syllabus now takes 2 years part-time to complete. After recruit training, soldiers then undergo continuation training in their respective corps, each corps has a designated specialised military task and soldiers must learn the various skills used by their corps. All soldiers are taught to operate radio communications, map reading, CBRN warfare defence and the light machine gun, and can move on to courses such as reconnaissance ("recce course"), driving courses, Regimental Signallers course, Physical Training Leader and Specialist Instructor Course. Steps up the Defence Forces career ladder include the Potential Non-Commissioned Officer's course, designed to teach the fundamentals of leadership, the Standard Non-Commissioned Officer course to move from being a Junior to Senior NCO and to prepare NCOs for middle management, and the Potential Commissioned Officer course. In order to be considered operationally ready (and as criteria to join career progression and promotion courses), personnel must meet annual KPIs including being passed medically fit, passing the Defence Forces annual fitness test, annual personal weapons test (APWT) and complete a minimum amount of mandays and duties with their unit. Army Corps There are eight Army Corps, organised along the lines of the PDF under 1st Brigade, 2nd Brigade, DFTC and DFHQ; Infantry Corps Artillery Corps Cavalry Corps Engineer Corps CIS Corps Transport Corps Military Police Corps Medical Corps Rank structure The Irish Army Reserve is organised along the same rank and command structures as the Permanent Defence Forces, however there are some differences. All ranks within the Reserve Defence Forces are enlisted as recruits. Potential officers are chosen from the non-commissioned ranks - normally only Corporal and Sergeant ranks are selected - but recently any rank holding a "relevant degree" can apply. The Potential Officers course is run over 2 years and is run out of the DFTC Military College. There is some Direct Entry routes for officers in the Reserve. This is only available for former Regular Army Officers, and professional graduates such as Engineers, Architects, Doctors and Dentists. Lieutenant Colonel is the most senior rank in the Reserve forces. Weapons The personnel weapons used are the standard Platoon, Company and Battalion-level weapons of the Irish Defence Forces. See also Naval Service Reserve Modern Irish Army Uniform Modern equipment of the Irish Army Armoured fighting vehicles of the Irish Army Reserve Defence Forces Representative Association Footnotes and sources Some Historical information taken from the Irish Defence Forces website, www.military.ie, and reproduced under the terms of their licence. External links Reserve Defence Forces site Defence Forces Ireland site Heraldry of the Irish Defence Forces Category:Department of Defence (Ireland) Category:Military of the Republic of Ireland Reserve Category:Military units and formations established in 2005 Category:2005 establishments in Ireland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Grab bar Grab bars are safety devices designed to enable a person to maintain balance, lessen fatigue while standing, hold some of their weight while maneuvering, or have something to grab onto in case of a slip or fall. A caregiver may use a grab bar to assist with transferring a patient from one place to another. A worker may use a grab bar to hold on to as he or she climbs, or in case of a fall. Construction Grab bars must bear high loads and sudden impacts, and most jurisdictions have building regulations specifying what loads they must bear. They are generally mounted to masonry walls or to the studs of stud walls (which may need to be specially strengthened). They can be mounted through drywall into a strong wooden wall stud or other structural member, but not mounted only on the drywall, as it will not bear the users' weight. Grab bars are made of metal, plastic, fiberglass, and composites. For wet areas such as bathrooms, the material must be waterproof. Stainless steel, nylon-coated mild steel, epoxy-coated aluminum, ABS plastic, and even vinyl-coated metal and plastic. Accessibility Grab bars increase accessibility and safety for people with a variety of disabilities or mobility difficulties. Although they are most commonly seen in public handicapped toilet stalls, grab bars are also used in private homes, assisted living facilities, hospitals, and nursing homes. Grab bars are most commonly installed next to a toilet or in a shower or bath enclosure. Some grab bars also have a light feature and double as a night light offering up a little more safety at night when using the bathroom. Locations Many jurisdictions have regulations on grab bar placement and floorplans for public bathrooms (American ADA, British Doc M regs). Grab bars next to a toilet help people using a wheelchair transfer to the toilet seat and back to the wheelchair. They also assist people who have difficulty sitting down, have balance problems while seated or need help rising from a seated position. Used in a shower or bathtub, grab bars help to maintain balance while standing or maneuvering, assist in transferring into and out of the enclosure, and generally help to mitigate slips and falls. Floor to ceiling grab bars, or security poles, can be used in the bedroom to help one get out of bed or get up from a chair, or to help caregivers by assisting in transfers. Grab bars are often used in conjunction with other medical devices to increase safety. For example, a grab bar added to a shower is frequently used with a shower chair and hand held shower head. Grab bars installed by a doorway are usually added near a railing. In addition, grab bars can be placed on any wall where extra support is needed even if it is not the "usual place" they are used. Positions Grab bars can be installed in different positions: Vertical grab bars may help with balance while standing. Horizontal grab bars provide assistance when sitting or rising, or to grab onto in case of a slip or fall. Some grab bars can be installed at an angle, depending on the needs of the user and the positioning. Grab bars installed horizontally offer up the greatest safety and care should be taken when installing them on the angle as this contrary to the ADA Guidelines. Often this angled installation is easier for people pulling themselves up from a seated position. There are many considerations when deciding which grab bar to use and how best to install it. Properly securing a grab bar is important so that it doesn't pull out of the wall when pressure is applied to it. Each installation should be properly secured into wall blocking or studs to provide the best support. If no studs are available, specialized mollies can be used to spread out grab forces across a wider area of the wall. ADA guidelines The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) defines requirements for installing grab bars in public bathing and toileting facilities. The guidelines are supported by substantial research regarding the best placement of grab bars. The following is a subset of ADA grab bar guidelines: The diameter of grab bars should be 1¼ to 1½ inch (32–38 mm) (or the shape shall provide an equivalent gripping surface) There shall be a 1½ inch (38 mm) clearance from the wall. Grab bars should not rotate in their fittings. The required mounting height is universally 33 to 36 inches (840–910 mm) from top of gripping surface of the grab bar to the finish floor. DOJ 2010 ADA standards 609.4. ADA-style grab bars and their mounting devices should withstand more than 250 pounds (1112 N) of force. In public toilet stalls, side grab bars must be a minimum of 42 inches long and mounted 12 inches from the rear wall, and rear grab bars must be a minimum of 36 inches long and mounted a maximum of 6 inches from the side wall. Styles While the ADA guidelines provide specifics on the placement of grab bars in public locations, they do not require a specific style. The British Doc M regulations specify a minimum contrast between bars and background. Many public facilities opt for the cheapest grab bars, which usually have an institutional look. However, grab bars are actually available in many styles, finishes and colors. Manufacturers have begun to understand the need to blend in with home decor, offering grab bars that have style and pizazz. For the home, grab bars do not need to be ADA compliant, but those guidelines should be considered. In addition to straight grab bars, there are fold-out bars, those that clamp onto the side of the bathtub, L-shaped, U-shaped and corner grab bars. Grab bars are also made with built in LED lighting and can come in many different colours. In industry and construction Grab bars in industry and construction are found on equipment or above fixed ladders where footholds exist but other handholds are lacking. They may be positioned horizontally, vertically, or at an angle. When using grab bars as safety devices in order to prevent falls, your best choice would be a horizontal bar. Scientific research has found that gripping strength is far greater using a horizontal bar than a vertical bar in a fall situation. This makes horizontal grab bars the safest choice. Grab bars were required on U.S. railroad cars by the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines describe the requirements for grab bar clearance, diameter and spacing on fixed ladders. These regulations state that the clearance in the back of grab bars must be at least 4 inches, the diameter similar to the ladder rungs and, when horizontal, grab bars must be spaced by a continuation of the rung spacing. In 2008-2009 alone, the USDOL Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 241 casualties from ladder falls. Siderail extensions horizontal grab bars may be bolted or welded to fixed ladders. Grab bars may be mounted to the curb for access to rooftops and rooftop hatches. See also Fall prevention References Category:Accessible building Category:Safety equipment	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dołhobyczów-Kolonia Dołhobyczów-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dołhobyczów, within Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately east of Dołhobyczów, south-east of Hrubieszów, and south-east of the regional capital Lublin. References Category:Villages in Hrubieszów County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Yefremov Yefremov or Efremov () and Yefremova or Efremova (; feminine) is a common Russian surname. It is derived from the male given name Yefrem and literally means Yefrem's. Also in some cases it refers to Yefrem, which is the Russian form of Ephraim or אֶפְרָיִם which refers to the Hebrew tribe. The translation in Hebrew means "fruitful" The following individuals refer to Yefremov. Oleksandr Yefremov:A former governor of the Luhansk Oblast Aleksandr Illarionovich Yefremov (1904–1951), Soviet politician, head of Moscow from 1938 to 1939 Alexander P. Yefremov, Russian physicist Andriy Yefremov (born 1993), Ukrainian footballer Iliyan Efremov (born 1970), Bulgarian pole vaulter Ivan Yefremov (1907–1972), Soviet science fiction writer and paleontologist Mikhail Yefremov: Mikhail Grigoryevich Yefremov (1897–1942), Soviet military commander Mikhail Olegovich Yefremov (born 1963), Soviet and Russian actor, son of Oleg Yefremov Mikhail Timofeyevich Yefremov (1911–2000), Soviet politician and diplomat Oleg Yefremov (1927–2000), Soviet and Russian actor Pyotr Yefremov (1830-1908), Russian literary historian and publisher Serhiy Yefremov (1876–1939), Ukrainian literary journalist and political activist Yevgeni Yefremov: Yevgeni Borisovich Yefremov (born 1970), retired Russian footballer Yevgeni Gennadyevich Yefremov (born 1979), Russian footballer Yevhen Yefremov (born 1994), Ukrainian footballer Vasily Yefremov, Soviet ace, double Hero of the Soviet Union as well as: Antonina Yefremova, Ukrainian sprinter Lilia Vaygina-Efremova (born 1975), Ukrainian biathlete Nelliy Yefremova, Soviet sprint canoer Category:Russian-language surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fine Things Fine Things is a romance novel by American Danielle Steel. The book was published on February 1, 1987, by Dell Publications. A film adaptation was released in 1990. It is Steel's 21st novel. Plot summary The plot follows Bernard Fine, a fictional character in his 30s who has recently been promoted to senior vice-president of Wolff's Department Store in his home town of New York City. Although enjoying his life, Bernie is sent to San Francisco to open a new Wolff's store. Bernie gets a new outlook on life when he meets little Jane O'Reilly, and soon after falls in love with her mother, Liz O'Reilly, a resident in California. After forming a relationship and marrying, Liz becomes pregnant with their first child, only to develop cancer shortly after the birth, given only a short amount of time to live. When Liz dies, Bernie is left with the responsibility of two children, and must take a new lease and have new experiences throughout his life. References External links Put Down Danielle Steel? Not A Chance (Review) Category:1989 American novels Category:Romance novels Category:Novels by Danielle Steel Category:American novels adapted into films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frommer Frommer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Arthur Frommer (born 1929), American travel writer Dario Frommer (born 1963), American politician Jeremy Frommer, American financier Nico Frommer (born 1978), German footballer Paul Frommer (born 1944), American linguist Rudolf Frommer (1868–1936), Hungarian weapon designer	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Duckbill oceanic eel The Duckbill oceanic eel (Nessorhamphus ingolfianus, also known as the Duckbilled eel or the Ingolf duckbill eel) is an eel in the family Derichthyidae (longneck eels). It was described by Johannes Schmidt in 1912. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from France, Morocco, the Cape of Good Hope, and South Africa in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as from the western Atlantic, southwestern Indian, and southwestern Pacific. It dwells at a depth range of 0–1800 metres, inhabiting the mesopelagic zone. Males can reach a maximum total length of 58.9 centimetres. The Duckbill oceanic eel feeds primarily on crustaceans. References Category:Derichthyidae Category:Fish described in 1912	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Benjamin Strutton Benjamin Thomas Strutton (1892 – 9 February 1968) was an English cricketer. Strutton's batting style is unknown, though it is known he bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Stifford, Essex. Strutton made his first-class debut for Essex against Middlesex at the County Ground, Leyton, in the 1914 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for Essex following World War I. These came in the 1919 County Championship against Yorkshire, Somerset and Hampshire. In his four first-class matches, he scored a total of 64 runs at an average of 12.80, with a high score of 19. With the ball, he bowled a total of 49 overs, but despite bowling such a large number of overs he went wicketless. He died at Southwark, London, on 9 February 1968. References External links Benjamin Strutton at ESPNcricinfo Benjamin Strutton at CricketArchive Category:1892 births Category:1968 deaths Category:English cricketers Category:Essex cricketers Category:People from Stifford	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
You Had Time "You Had Time" is a song written and recorded by American songwriter Ani DiFranco from her 1994 album Out of Range. The song, which was one of her more critically lauded from the album, describes the complicated emotions associated with the breakup of a long-term relationship. The album recording begins with an acoustic piano solo of more than two minutes, before breaking into the song itself. Writer and occasional music journalist Nick Hornby featured the song in his work 31 Songs (also known as Songbook), in which he discussed his thoughts on a number of his favourite songs. He attributes the two-minute solo to a depiction of the creative process behind the song. Hornby also suggests that "You Had Time" is an example of a song that, while it may not read as poetry on paper, nevertheless makes for a beautiful song. The song was used in the 2001 Canadian film Lost and Delirious as the backdrop to a montage of one of the protagonists' reactions to grief at the breakup of a serious relationship. Swedish musician Lars Winnerbäck has recorded a version of the song. Translated into Swedish, the song is called "Du hade tid" and can be found on Winnerbäck's album Singel (2001). Category:1994 songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of African-American newspapers in Massachusetts This is a list of African-American newspapers that have been published in the state of Massachusetts. It includes both current and historical newspapers. The roots of the African-American press are particularly deep in Massachusetts, dating back well before the Civil War. The first such newspaper in Massachusetts was the Anti-Slavery Herald in 1838. Notable African-American newspapers in Massachusetts today include the Bay State Banner. Newspapers See also List of African-American newspapers and media outlets List of African-American newspapers in Connecticut List of African-American newspapers in New York List of African-American newspapers in Rhode Island List of newspapers in Massachusetts Works cited References Newspapers Massachusetts African-American African-American newspapers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Deirdre Deirdre (; Irish: ; Old Irish: Derdriu ) is the foremost tragic heroine in Irish legend and probably its best-known figure in modern times. She is known by the epithet "Deirdre of the Sorrows" (). Her story is part of the Ulster Cycle, the best-known stories of pre-Christian Ireland. In legend Deirdre was the daughter of the royal storyteller Fedlimid mac Daill. Before she was born, Cathbad the chief druid at the court of Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster, prophesied that Fedlimid's daughter would grow up to be very beautiful, but that kings and lords would go to war over her, much blood would be shed because of her, and Ulster's three greatest warriors would be forced into exile for her sake. Hearing this, many urged Fedlimid to kill the baby at birth, but Conchobar, aroused by the description of her future beauty, decided to keep the child for himself. He took Deirdre away from her family and had her brought up in seclusion by Leabharcham, a poet and wise woman, and planned to marry Deirdre when she was old enough. As a young girl, living isolated in the woodlands, Deirdre told Leabharcham one snowy day that she would love a man with the colours she had seen when a raven landed in the snow with its prey: hair the color of the raven, skin as white as snow, and cheeks as red as blood. Leabharcham told her she was describing Naoise, a handsome young warrior, hunter and singer at Conchobar's court. With the collusion of Leabharcham, Deirdre met Naoise and they fell in love. Accompanied by his brothers Ardan and Ainnle, the three sons of Uisneach and Deirdre fled to Scotland. They lived a happy life there, hunting and fishing and living in beautiful places; one place associated with them is Loch Etive. Some versions of the story mention that Deirdre and Naoise had children, a son Gaiar and a daughter Aebgreine, who were fostered by Manannan Mac Lir. But the furious, humiliated Conchobar tracked them down. He sent Fergus mac Róich to them with an invitation to return and Fergus's own promise of safe conduct home, but on the way back to Emain Macha Conchobar had Fergus waylaid, forced by his personal geis (an obligation) to accept an invitation to a feast. Fergus sent Deirdre and the sons of Uisnech on to Emain Macha with his son to protect them. When they arrived, Conchobar sent Leabharcham to spy on Deirdre, to see if she had lost her beauty. Leabharcham, to protect Deirdre, told the king that Deirdre was now ugly and aged. Conchobar then sent another spy, Gelbann, who managed to catch a glimpse of Deirdre but was seen by Naoise, who threw a gold chess piece at him and put out his eye. The spy managed to get back to Conchobar, and told him that Deirdre was as beautiful as ever. Conchobar called his warriors to attack the Red Branch house where Deirdre and the sons of Uisnech were lodging. Naoise and his brothers fought valiantly, aided by a few Red Branch warriors, before Conchobar evoked their oath of loyalty to him and had Deirdre dragged to his side. At this point, Éogan mac Durthacht threw a spear, killing Naoise, and his brothers were killed shortly after. Fergus and his men arrived after the battle. Fergus was outraged by this betrayal of his word, and went into exile in Connacht. He later fought against Ulster for Ailill and Medb in the war of the Táin Bó Cúailnge (the Cattle Raid of Cooley), the Irish Iliad. After the death of Naoise, Conchobar took Deirdre as his wife. After a year, angered by Deirdre's continuing coldness toward him, Conchobar asked her whom in the world she hated the most, besides himself. She answered "Éogan mac Durthacht," the man who had murdered Naoise. Conchobar said that he would give her to Éogan. As she was being taken to Éogan, Conchobar taunted her, saying she looked like a ewe between two rams. At this, Deirdre threw herself from the chariot, dashing her head to pieces against a rock. Cultural references There are many plays and other stage productions based on Deirdre's story, including : George William Russell's Deirdre (1902) William Butler Yeats' Deirdre (1907) J. M. Synge's Deirdre of the Sorrows (1910) Vincent Woods' A Cry from Heaven (2005). John Coulter's Deirdre of the Sorrows (An Ancient and Noble Tale Retold by John Coulter for Music by Healey Willian) (1944) , operetta Adriaan Roland Holst's Deirdre en de zonen van Usnach (1916) Novels include Deirdre (1923) by James Stephens, The Celts (1988) by Elona Malterre, On Raven's Wing (1990) by Morgan Llywelyn and The Swan Maiden by Jules Watson. Music includes the album "A Celtic Tale: The Legend Of Deirdre" by Mychael & Jeff Danna. , a ship in the Irish Naval Service from 1972 to 2001, was named after her. See also Gráinne Helen of Troy Tristan and Iseult Loowit Irish mythology in popular culture Corpus of Electronic Texts References Texts University of Cork, Ireland : CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) : Longes mac nUislenn University of Cork, Ireland : CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) : Longes mac nUislenn (translation by Douglas Hyde) A Scoto-Irish Romance of the first century A.D., compiled from various sources by William Graham, 1908 The Exile of the Sons of Usnech Deirdre of the Sorrows by J. M. Synge The Lament of Deirdre John Coulter Finding Aid McMaster University Libraries "Deirdrê" A detailed retelling of the story for children, by Jeanie Lang (1914) Category:Ulster Cycle Category:Irish mythology Category:Scottish folklore Category:Glendaruel Category:Irish-language feminine given names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
My Machine My Machine is the fifth studio album by American rapper Princess Superstar. It is produced by herself as well as well-known producers such as house music pioneer Todd Terry, DJ Mighty Mi from the High and Mighty, Jacques Lu Cont, Junior Sanchez, and pioneering hip hop/electro producer Arthur Baker. Other producers include Armand van Helden, Loose Cannons & Jon Plateau Selvig, Malito "Maleet", Alexander Technique, Mr. Nô, Boris Dlugosch, Bryan Black, Johnny Toobad, Eddie Cooper, Motor, and Chris Rubix. Not surprisingly, the album is more electronica-oriented, although there are also some hip hop tracks without electronica influences on the album. Track listing "Intro Via The TelePATH" "I Like It A Lot" "The Classroom" "Famous" "Dolly's Duplicants" "On Top Bubble" "The Mysterious Hanger" "Bad Girls N.Y.C" "10,000 Hits" "Quitting Smoking Song" "Sex, Drugs & Drugs" "Initially" "I'm So Out Of Control" "Coochie Coo" "World Council Entertainment Dicktatorship" "Perfect" "What Do You Want?" "Push, Make It Work" "What You Gonna Do?" "My Machine" "The Death Of The Superstar" "Artery" "The Great Brain Revolution" "The Happy" "The End" (iTunes exclusive track) My Machine (Tommy Sunshine's Brooklyn Fire Retouch) References External links "My Machine" at Discogs Category:Princess Superstar albums Category:Albums produced by Stuart Price Category:Studio !K7 albums Category:2005 albums Category:Rap operas	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Granila Granila is a Neotropical genus of firetips in the family Hesperiidae. Granila is a monotypic genus containing only Granila paseas. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Category:Hesperiidae Category:Hesperiidae of South America Category:Monotypic butterfly genera Category:Hesperiidae genera	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Galabov Ridge Galabov Ridge (, ‘Galabov Rid’ \'g&-l&-bov 'rid\) is the mostly ice-covered ridge extending 2.5 km in north-northeast to south-southwest direction, 1.4 km wide and rising to 1100 m just southwest of Boyn Ridge in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It surmounts Bongrain Ice Piedmont to the northwest and Lennon Glacier to the south. The vicinity was visited on 4 January 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey). The feature was named after Teodor Galabov (1870-1925), head of the Stenographic Office at the National Assembly that developed an early ergonomic keyboard in 1907, adopted as the standard Bulgarian keyboard. Location The peak is located at , which is 5.76 km east of Saint George Peak, 4.07 km west-northwest of Satovcha Peak and 6.33 km north of Nicolai Peak. British mapping in 1971. Maps British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 – W 69 70. Tolworth, UK, 1971 Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated References Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English) Galabov Ridge. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica External links Galabov Ridge. Copernix satellite image Category:Ridges of Alexander Island Category:Bulgaria and the Antarctic	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Msau Msau is a settlement in Kenya's Coast Province. References Category:Populated places in Coast Province MAU MAU is short for Multistation Access Unit (also abbreviated as MSAU), a token-ring network device that physically connects network computers in a star topology while retaining the logical ring structure. One of the problems with the token-ring topology is that a single non-operating node can break the ring. The MAU solves this problem because it has the ability to short out non-operating nodes and maintain the ring structure. A MAU is a special type of hub.	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Allan Geddes Allan Edward Geddes (4 November 1903 – 12 December 1987) was an Australian rules football player who played between 1922 and 1924 in the VFA for the Williamstown Football Club, and in the VFL between 1925 and 1935 for the Richmond Football Club. VFA He played with the VFA club Williamstown from 1922 to 1924, playing 51 games and scoring seven goals. He also played one game for a combined VFA team that played against a Perth Football Club team, at the North Melbourne Cricket Ground on 2 August 1924; In a low scoring match, played in appalling conditions, the Perth team won by two points: 3.8 (26) to 3.6 (24). Geddes was one of Victoria's best players. VFL (Firsts) He was cleared from Williamstown to Richmond on 1 May 1925, and played on the wing in his first match for Richmond in round one of the 1925 season, against the Hawthorn Football Club, at Glenferrie Oval on 2 May 1925 (the Hawthorn Club's first ever VFL match). Geddes played well in a team that beat Hawthorn 11.11 (77) to (5.9 (39). Brownlow Medal He was equal second, along with Geelong's Carji Greeves and Melbourne's Bob Johnson, to Ivor Warne-Smith in the 1926 Brownlow Medal. VFL (Seconds) Richmond He played 45 games with the Richmond Second XVIII between 1936 and 1938. He was the team's captain/coach in 1936 and 1937, and was the team's coach in 1938 (although still playing, and still the teams coach, he was no longer its captain). Carlton He was the non-playing Coach of the Carlton Seconds in 1939. After football He was appointed as a selector for Richmond in 1940. See also 1927 Melbourne Carnival Footnotes References Hogan P: The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, Melbourne 1996. External links Allan Geddes: Australianfotball.com. Richmond Football Club - Hall of Fame Boyles Football Photos: Allan Geddes. The VFA Project: Alan (sic) Geddes. Category:1903 births Category:1987 deaths Category:Richmond Football Club players Category:Williamstown Football Club players Category:Australian rules footballers at the 1927 Melbourne Carnival Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Visone Visone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about southwest of Alessandria. Visone borders the following municipalities: Acqui Terme, Grognardo, Morbello, Morsasco, Prasco, and Strevi. References Category:Cities and towns in Piedmont	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
RG-31 Nyala The RG-31 Nyala is a 4×4 multi-purpose mine-resistant ambush protected infantry mobility vehicle manufactured in South Africa by Land Systems OMC (the division of Denel SOC LTD, located in Benoni, South Africa) and in Turkey by FNSS Defence Systems. It is based on the Mamba APC of TFM Industries. The RG-31 is built from a V-shaped all-steel welded armor monocoque hull and high suspension, typical of South African mine protected vehicles, providing excellent small-arms and mine blast protection. The vehicle is designed to resist a blast equivalent to two TM-57 anti-tank mines detonating simultaneously. The RG-31 is classified by the United States Department of Defense as a category 1 Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle. The vehicle accommodates a crew of 8 or 10, including the driver, depending on model. Dismounting is provided via a large rear door and two front doors. The RG-31 has become the multi-purpose vehicle of choice of the UN and other peacekeeping and security forces. It is finding favour with non-governmental organisations requiring a vehicle with a non-aggressive appearance to protect their personnel against land mines. In July 2016, the Letterkenny Army Depot in Pennsylvania rolled out the latest variant of the RG31, with improvements including an engine upgrade from 275 to 300 hp, a transmission upgrade from 2,500 to a 3,000 series, independent suspension, 360-degree spotlights for night visibility, and an armored gunner's hatch. The depot is scheduled to produce 929 these RG31s through 2020. Production history Variants Variants come in either an armoured personnel carrier (APC) or utility vehicle (cargo) configuration. RG-31 Mk3A – based on Mamba APC RG-31 Mk5 RG-31 Mk5E – A extended Mk5 with larger passenger/cargo capacity and superior blast and ballistic protection. RG-31 Mk6E – Enhanced crew protection RG-31 Charger – US Army version of the Mk3 with a Detroit Diesel engine and Mk5 with a Cummins engine RG-31 Sabre – cargo version RG-31M – features a military wiring harness, central tire inflation and several other new characteristics. This vehicle has a crew of 5. RG-31 Agrab; Mortar carrier version with SRAMS (Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System). Operators : Canadian Forces 75 RG-31 Mk3 with Protector (RWS) Remote Weapon Station London Police Service 1x RG-31 Mk3A, currently used by the Emergency Response Team Durham Regional Police Service 1x RG-31 Mk3A, Tactical Rescue Vehicle donated by General Dynamics to the Tactical Response Unit : National Army of Colombia 4× RG-31 Nyala : 150× RG-31 Mk5E Nyala with Samson remote Weapon Station (+ option for 30 more) already deployed in Lebanon and Afghanistan. : 5× RG-31 Nyala : 1× RG-31 Nyala : 76× RG-31 Nyala : 7× RG-31 Nyala Mk5E, currently used by the Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (USDF). : 76× customized RG-31 Mk5 : 30× RG-31 Nyala : US SOCOM 50× Mk5A1S US Army 148× RG-31 Mk3 Charger, 257× Mk5A1 111× Mk5E USMC 12× Mk5A's (MRAP Cat I) 1385× Mk5E's (MRAP Cat II) Academi Combat history Afghanistan – Canada, (including 5 leased to Netherlands) (ISAF), United States, and Spain Bosnia and Herzegovina – UNPROFOR Ethiopia / Eritrea – Canada Georgia –- UN Iraq – United States Colombian Armed Conflict Ivorian Civil War Ivory Coast – UNOCI Kosovo – KFOR Lebanon – UNIFIL Uganda - Uganda People's Defence Forces Yemen - United Arab Emirates as part of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Mali - MINUSMA Syria - UNDOF, later captured by rebel groups, eventually captured by Syrian Army See also Other wheeled APCs and IFVs developed in South Africa Buffel Casspir Mamba APC Ratel IFV RCV-9 RG-12 RG-19 RG-32 RG-33 RG-34 RG-35 General Infantry Mobility Vehicle MRAP (armored vehicle) List of modern armoured fighting vehicles References Category:Armoured personnel carriers of South Africa Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Canada Category:BAE Systems land vehicles Category:Military trucks Category:United States Marine Corps equipment	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carlo Alberto Quario Carlo Alberto Quario (born March 14, 1913 in Vercelli; died August 30, 1984) was an Italian professional football player and coach. External links Category:1913 births Category:1984 deaths Category:People from Vercelli Category:Italian footballers Category:Serie A players Category:F.C. Pavia players Category:A.C. Ancona players Category:F.C. Pro Vercelli 1892 players Category:S.S.C. Napoli players Category:Inter Milan players Category:Brescia Calcio players Category:Italian football managers Category:Parma Calcio 1913 managers Category:Cagliari Calcio managers Category:Venezia F.C. managers Category:Brescia Calcio managers Category:Atalanta B.C. managers Category:Association football forwards	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lopamudra Lopamudra () also known as Kaushitaki and Varaprada was a female philosopher according to ancient Vedic Indian literature. She was the wife of the sage Agastya who is believed to have lived in the Rigveda period (1950 BC-1100 BC) as many hymns have been attributed as her contribution to this Veda. She was not only the consort of Agastya but a Rishiki in her own right, as she was the well known rishiki who visualized the "Panchadasi" mantra of the Sakta tradition of Hinduism. She was one of the prominent Brahmavadini. There are three versions of Lopamudra' legend; one is in the Rigveda Hymns; the second is in the epic Mahabharata (Vanaparva: Tirtha-yatra Parva), where there is an elaborate version with a mention that Agastya Rishi did penance at Gangadwara (Haridwar), with the help of his wife, Lopamudra (the princess of Vidarbha). According to legend, Lopamudra was created by sage Agastya with the most graceful parts of animals such as eyes of the deer etc.; and the third version is Giridhara Ramayana. The name Lopamudra signifies the loss (lopa) that the animals and plants suffered by giving their distinctive beauties (mudras) when Agastya created her. After creating her, Agastya gave Lopamudra to the King of Vidarbha who was doing penance seeking for a progeny. Agastya had created Lopamudra with the intention of marrying her. The king brought up Lopamudra as his daughter. When she grew up, Agastya demanded her hand in marriage. Lopamudra agreed to marry him and left the King's palace for his hermitage. However, after some time, she grew tired of Agastya's austerity. She wrote hymn in the Rigveda, asking for his attention and love. The hymn made Agastya realize his duties towards his wife. The couple had a son named Dridhasyu, who became a poet. Together with her husband she is also credited with spreading the fame of the Lalita sahasranama (the thousand names of the Divine Mother). It is also believed that Agastya learnt the hymns of Lalitha Sahasranama from Hayagriva who is an avatar of Lord Vishnu. In Rigveda In Rigveda, hymns authored by 27 female rishis or rishikas reflect their success and progress as women intellectuals. These hymns are presented under three headings. The first group has hymns contributed by female rishis only such as by Vishwavara and Apale; Vishwavara's hymn is dedicated to Agni while Apale's hymn is about Indra. In the second group some are attributed to female rishis, particularly Lopamudra and Shashiyasi, wife of Taranta. Lopamudra's hymn has six verses in particular which have her name tag and are dedicated to Goddess Rati. Her hymns elaborate on the relationship between husband and wife in order to follow celibacy. Lopamudra is credited to have composed hymn number 179 in the Rigveda. The third group of hymns, though attributed to female rishis are not identified by any author and deal mostly with mythological characters and representation of theoretical qualities. In Rigveda Agastya and Lopamudra are considered as "mantra drashta" (seers who are discoverer of mantras). She is also mentioned in Yajurveda (17:11:36:20) Brihaddevtakara (4:57–59) and in Agama granthas, and hailed as "Mantradrika" (well versed in mantras) in Rigveda. In the translation of the Sanskrit text of the Rigveda by Ralph T.H. Griffith (1896), the hymns or sutras related to Agastya, Lopamudra and a disciple are titled "Rati" meaning love, which are six verses, two are by Lopamudra, two by Agastya, and the last two are to the credit of the disciple or Agastya. M. Bergaigne has commented that the hymn has mystical meaning, with Agastya identified as the heavenly Soma while Lopamudra represents her feminine attraction which fructifies in getting Agastya out of his "secret dwelling place". It is presented more as a dramatic dialogue between husband and wife with the student commenting his appreciation. The first two verses are expressions of Lopamudra's passion filled approach to her husband, highlighting his old age and his coolness towards her charms. Laurie L. Patton interprets Rigveda hymn 79 as representing Lopamudra in a state of "voracious sexuality". Initially resisted by Agastya, finally he is “overwhelmed.” Patton also states that "the final line of the hymn celebrates Agstya as having attained immortality both through children and through ascetic practice, while Lopamudra remains marked by sexual desire". According to Dr. Rameshchandra Mukhopadhyaya, Lopamudra's sutras say that men should go to women. Even the past rishis who attained knowledge of gods enjoyed women and "were never tired of it". Lopamudra's expression of frustration in this verse is a result of Agastya's abstinence from having sex with his wife. Her saying that she has become old is an expression of "pathos." Agastya explains in reply that this restraint was god created. Agastya succumbs to Lopamudra's entreaties and submits to her. In the last two verses the disciple of Agastya glorifies Agastya's "kindred points of love making and penance". In Mahabharata The legend of Lopamudra, a mythological female, is the story of Agastya and Lopamudra narrated in the Aranyakaparvan of the epic Mahabharata. This version of the legend is said to be "the glorification of domestic life and family and demonstrates the incompleteness of a life based solely on asceticism." Background The background to Agastya and Lopamudra’s legend in Mahabharata starts with the asura brothers Illwala and Vatapi who lived in ancient times in Manismati. It is also said that they hailed from Badami in Karnataka, South India. Illwala requested a learned Brahmin to bless him with a son who would be as powerful as Indra. As this did not materialize Illwala and his brother Vatapi got annoyed with the Brahmins and started taking revenge against them by adopting magical tricks. Illwala's brother Vatapi would transform himself into a buffalo and after slaying the buffolo the cooked meat would be served to the Brahmins. Once the meal was consumed by the Brahmins then Illwala would call out for his brother to come out of the stomach of the Brahmins. Vatapi would then assume his normal human form and emerge from the stomach of the Brahmins killing them in the process. This aspect was made known to Agastya. At that time Agastya who had attained benefit of his long penance through asceticism went to the heaven where on his way he saw a few manes suspended with their legs up over a gorge. Surprised, Agastya asked them the reason for their such a plight. They told him that they were waiting for a son to be born to their descendant to get release from this curse. They also told him that they were his ancestors and it was now left to him (Agastya) to get married and soon beget a son, perform oblation rites to gods, and get them released from the curse so that they could go to heaven. Agastya promised the manes of his ancestors that he would fulfill their wish. In another version it is said that Agastya encountered his ancestors in a dream in the form of suspended manes with heels up over a deep ravine. Creation of Lopamudra Agastya then started creating a woman of rare beauty and intelligence. He did this creation from most graceful parts of various creatures possessing such a beauty (drawn from "different birds, animal and flower, the eyes of the doe, the grace of the panther, the slenderness of the palm trees, the fragrance of the champak flower, the softness of the feather on a swan's neck"), who would eventually beget a son for him. At that time the king of Vidharbha, who was childless, was doing penance to gods seeking boon of a progeny. Agastya bestowed his creation of the women of his imagination to the king. As the girl child emerged into the world, in glowing beauty, the king called the Brahmins to bless the child. The Brahmins named her Lopamudra. As the creation was done due to the loss of parts of creatures (animals and plants) the girl was named Lopamudra, 'lopa' meaning "loss" and 'mudra' meaning "parts.". She grew up to be a very pretty, learned and devoted daughter and the King wanted to get her married when she attained puberty. Lopamudra marries Agastya The King approached Agastya seeking his advice for the marriage of his daughter. However, Agastya who was responsible for her beautiful creation for begetting a son for him, asked the king for her hand in marriage. This caused anguish to the king and queen as to how their daughter who was brought up in princely comforts could be married to an ascetic, a forest dweller. They were also scared of the power of Agastya who they felt could curse them if they refused to give Lopamudra in marriage to him. Looking at the worried status of her parents, Lopamudra volunteered to marry Agastya and requested her father to perform the wedding. Once married and taken to the forest to live with him, Agastya told Lopamudra to discard all her royal attire and ornaments and wear clothes fit for an ascetic’s wife. She obeyed her husband and wore rags, deer skins and bark for her clothes. She dutifully, respectfully, lovingly and willingly served Agastya in his religious practices and penance. Her asceticism through tapas matched Agstya’s. Agastya was then not attracted to her beauty and did not cohabit with her and remained detached though she was beautiful and was his own creation. However, after a long lapse of time, Lopamudra was taking swimming in a naked state and her seductive figure attracted Agastya who then wanted to have sex with her to beget a son who would full fill his promise to his ancestors and relieve them of their curse. However, Lopamudra was not willing as she put a condition that she would sleep with him only if she got all the riches and the princely comforts that she enjoyed at her father’s place. Agastya countered pleadingly that as he was an ascetic he could not break the laws of asceticism otherwise all his spiritual achievements of so many years of penance which were meant for the benefit of human beings would be lost. But Lopamudra persistently argued that with great acetic qualities Agastya could achieve anything in this world. As her child bearing biological cycle would not last long she urged him to agree to her conditions and go in search of riches. Agastya acquires wealth Agastya then went out seeking wealth. He met three kings, Srutarvan, Vradhnaswa, and Trasadasyu, one after the other, who welcomed him with due respects offering oblations and requested him to state his wish. He then told them to give him a part of their wealth. They all told him that after meeting the expenditure related to their commitments to the well being of their subjects, with due diligence of the status of their revenue, they would be happy to spare surplus, if any. Agastya, after considering this statement felt that they had no wealth to spare for him. On the advice of the three kings, he then approached Illwala, the King of asuras or danavas who was considered a very wealthy king. Illwala welcomed Agastya and the other three kings who accompanied him, within the limits of his city, with due honours. Once in his palace Illwala served Agastya and his entourage the magic potion of the meat of his brother Vatapi who had taken the form of a buffalo to be served as cooked meat so that the brothers could slay the Brahmins after they consumed the meat. The kings were scared to consume the meat but Agastya told them not to worry as he would consume all the meat served to them and will spare them from eating it. He then consumed the meat dishes served to him and straight away digested the meat and said "Vatapi Jeerno Bhava", meaning let 'Vatapi be digested'. Illwala then, as per past practice, called out for his brother Vatapi to come out. But Agastya only belched and gas came out of his mouth as Vatapi had been digested. With this turn of events then Illvala was sad but bestowed all the wealth that Agastya desired. The asura king gave away his golden chariot and gold and silver coins which Agastya and his three kings carried away with them. With the riches acquired, Agastya approached his wife who was pleased with the outcome. Agastya, who demonstrated his power in both the "secular and the sacred realms", approached Lopamudra's bedroom. Agastya then asked Lopamudra whether she would beget him 1,000 sons or just one son who could defeat a thousand. Lopamudra then told Agastya that she would prefer to have only one learned son as against 1,000 evil ones. Then they cohabited, she conceived and after a lapse of 7 years she delivered a baby boy. The son was named Idhmavaha (meaning "carrier of sacrificial wood") as he would serve his father in his sacrificial rites with wood. He was also called Drdhasyu. He was highly knowledgeable in Vedas and Upanishads. Agastya was pleased with his son. Following this, Agastya performed rites for his ancestors who were then relieved of their curse, and attained heaven. Laurie L. Patton, an indologist, has observed that "in the case of Lopamudra, both the retention of seed in asceticism and the making of progeny are goals of the rishi Agastya, ... she is portrayed more and more derivatively, almost anemically, as she helps her husband/creator to promote the abstract ideal of dharma." In another version of the story narrated by Vasudha Narayanan of the University of Florida, Lopamudra who is fully cogniscent of Agastya's imperative necessity for a progeny to redeem the curse of his ancestors and the demon king Illvala's "intentions and machinations", she manipulates the sage which ensures his success. In Giridhara Ramayana Giridhara Ramayana has a different story of Lopamudra. Agastya approached king of Kanyakubja who had many daughters seeking a girl in marriage. The king promised the sage a girl when they come of age and asked him to come back a few years later. By the time the sage returned, however, the king had married off all his daughters. He was so worried about getting cursed, that he dressed his son' Lopamudra as a girl and presented him to Agastya. Miraculously, Lopamudra was transformed and became a woman after the wedding. Other aspects In the Hindu tantra tradition, Sri Vidya mantra devoted to the Devi which has twelve variations, each credited to a devote which included Lopamudra; the other devotees are Manu, Chandra, Kubera, Manmatha, Agstya, Surya, Indra, Skanda, Shiva and Krodhabattaraka (Durvasa). A version popular in South India during about the 6th century AD is called the Lopamudra mantra though now not practiced but it is also associated with traditions in Kashmir. The river Kaveri in Karnataka is called Lopamudra. The legend behind this is that Agastya had kept Lopamudra, whom he had married for her beauty, confined in his Kamandala or water pot. During one of his sojourns away from his hermitage he stayed away for a long time and lived with another woman with whom he had fallen in love. Noting this, Lopamdura started weeping. Then Ganesha who was passing by heard her cries and released her by overturning the vessel in which she was confined. She flowed out as the river Kaveri. References Bibliography Category:Ancient Indian philosophers Category:Ancient Indian writers Category:Rigveda Category:Indian women philosophers Category:Hindu philosophers Category:Hindu sages Category:Vidarbha Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Year of death unknown Category:Ancient Indian women writers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Battle of Craig Cailloch The Battle of Craig Cailloch was a Scottish clan battle fought in 1441 between the Clan Cameron and Clan Mackintosh (who were part of the Chattan Confederation). The two clans had defected from Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross during his war with James I of Scotland. Alexander lost the war but was subsequently appointed Justiciar of Scotia by James and became reconciled to the Chattans. Alexander encouraged the Chattans to invade the lands of the Camerons which resulted in a battle on Craig Cailloch in 1441. The battle was bloody and several leading Chattan men were killed. Afterwards Malcolm Mackintosh led further raids into Cameron territory to avenge the deaths. Donald Dubh, leader of the Camerons was later forced into exile in Ireland. Background The conflict took place in the aftermath of the war between James I of Scotland and Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, the Lord of the Isles, which culminated in Alexander's defeat at the Battle of Lochaber in 1429 and his subsequent imprisonment. Both Clan Cameron and Clan Chattan (an alliance of clans in which Clan Mackintosh played a leading role) had deserted the Lord of the Isles and sided with King James, however following his release and elevation to Justiciar of Scotia in 1439, Alexander became reconciled with the Chattans while regarding the Camerons as traitors. This is possibly because of the late timing of the Camerons' defection, or perhaps Alexander was hoping that by siding with one clan, he could have revenge on both by allowing them to slaughter each other. Thus the Chattans were encouraged in 1441 to invade the Camerons' lands and lay waste to them in one of Alexander's first actions as Justiciar. The battle The site of the battle between the Chattans and Camerons is not known for certain. Most accounts give the location as Craig Cailloch, a term derived from the Scottish Gaelic chreag meaning 'rock' and cailleach meaning 'old woman'.) John Drummond gives the place name as "Craigiarlich, in the Brae of Badenoch". The Camerons were led by Ewan, the capable son of Donald McEwan. The encounter was a bloody one; Lachlan Badenoch, the second son of Malcolm Mackintosh, chief of Clan Chattan, was wounded, one account says that he "lost several fingers", although he was not, as Locheil states, killed. Lachlan's younger brother, Gillichallum, and his cousin Angus were amongst the dead. Aftermath Malcolm Mackintosh's eldest son, Duncan, avenged the death of Gillichallum and his cousin by launching widespread raids on the Cameron lands in Lochaber. Ewan McEwan's brother, Donald Dubh, who inherited the Cameron chieftainship soon after the battle, was eventually forced into exile in Ireland, forfeiting his lands at Locheil. The continuing enmity with the Earl of Ross was said to have caused this. References Bun Garbhain Craig Cailloch Craig Cailloch	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chengkam Sangma Chengkam Sangma (born 10 October 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Meghalaya in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 20 September 2018. He made his first-class debut for Meghalaya in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 15 November 2019, for Meghalaya in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. References External links Category:1994 births Category:Living people Category:Indian cricketers Category:Meghalaya cricketers Category:Place of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Herkko Pöllänen Herkko Pöllänen (born 21 July 1994) is a Finnish tennis player. Pöllänen has a career high ATP singles ranking of 711 achieved on 13 January 2014. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 531 achieved on 6 February 2017. Pöllänen represents Finland at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 1–3. His first Davis Cup win came against Latvian tennis player Mārtiņš Podžus. Currently Herkko is the drummer for The Hammarmen. Additionally he is a guest performer at The Big Bang Dueling Piano Bar in Columbus Ohio. External links Category:1994 births Category:Living people Category:Finnish male tennis players Category:Sportspeople from Helsinki	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gojbulja Gojbulja () is a settlement in the Vučitrn municipality in the disputed region of Kosovo. The rural settlement lies on a cadastral area with the same name, with 692 hectares. It lies 687 m above sea level. The village is exclusively inhabited by Serbs, and is one of the Serbian enclaves in Kosovo; in the 1991 census, it had 454 inhabitants. Today, it is one of four Serbian villages in Vučitrn, with ca. 300 residents. There is a local elementary school in the village. History Gojbulja is mentioned for the first time in an Ottoman defter (tax register) of 1455, as a village with 33 Serb houses, and a Serbian Orthodox Church, dedicated to Parascheva (Sv. Petka). On the tumulus of that old church, which lies at the rural cemetery, a new Church dedicated to Parascheva was built in 1986. The church was burnt during the 2004 unrest in Kosovo. In 2006 it was desecrated and looted. The church, parish house and the people's refectory are restored, but there is much effort left for the restoration of the interior and to make it available for regular services. The village is part of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Raška and Prizren. Notes References Category:Serbian enclaves in Kosovo Category:Medieval Serbian sites in Kosovo Category:Villages in Vučitrn	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
International Swaps and Derivatives Association The International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA ) is a trade organization of participants in the market for over-the-counter derivatives. It is headquartered in New York City, and has created a standardized contract (the ISDA Master Agreement) to enter into derivatives transactions. In addition to legal and policy activities, ISDA manages FpML (Financial products Markup Language), an XML message standard for the OTC Derivatives industry. ISDA has more than 820 members in 57 countries; its membership consists of derivatives dealers, service providers and end users. History ISDA was initially created in 1985 as the International Swap Dealers Association and subsequently changed its name switching “Swap Dealers” to “Swaps and Derivatives”. This change was made to focus more attention on their efforts to improve the more broad derivatives markets and away from strictly interest rate swap contracts. In 2009 a New York Times article mentioned that in 2005 the ISDA allowed rule changes to CDO payouts (Pay as You Go) that would benefit those who bet against (shorted) mortgage-backed securities, like Goldman Sachs, Deutsche Bank, and others. ISDA has offices in New York, London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Washington D.C., Brussels and Singapore. It has more than 800 member firms from six continents. The current Chief Executive Officer is Scott O'Malia, who joined ISDA in 2009. ISDA Master Agreement The ISDA Master Agreement is typically used between a derivatives dealer and its counterparty when discussions begin surrounding a derivatives trade. There are two basic forms of Master Agreement: single jurisdiction/currency and multiple jurisdiction/currency. One of these documents is generally combined with a Schedule to set out the basic trading terms between the parties; each subsequent trade is then recorded in a Confirmation which references the Master Agreement and Schedule. The terms of the Schedule are often negotiated, and many firms have preferred versions of the Schedule. According to Financial Times reporter Stacy-Marie Ishmael, the Master Agreement is "fundamental to, and provides a template for, the derivatives market." ISDA has also drafted a Tahawwut Master Agreement in cooperation with the International Islamic Financial Market, with the aim of standardizing derivatives transactions under Islamic law. Versions The ISDA Master Agreement was first published in 1992, and a second edition was published in 2002. The second edition was drafted in response to market difficulties in the late 1990s, and could be adopted either in a unified form or as standard form amendments to the first edition. Key changes in the second edition include: Shortening the grace period for payment defaults from three business days to one business day [Refer Section 5 (a)(i) of 2002 version] Introduction of a force majeure provision as a termination event Introduction of a set-off provision [Included in the 2002 version in Section 6(f)] Conformation of jurisdiction clause to the Brussels Regime Introduction of Close-out Amount On April 8, 2009, ISDA introduced further compulsory modifications known as the "Big Bang Protocol." The key changes introduced by this protocol include: Introduction of "auction settlement" to eliminate the need for credit event protocols to settle CDS transactions Automatic incorporation of Determinations Committee resolutions into the terms of standard CDS contracts "Look back" provisions, also known as "backstop dates," which institute a common standard effective date for CDS transactions The Protocol also introduced more standardized terms in order to limit the scope of negotiation in individual CDS transactions, thus making individual contracts more fungible in trading. ISDA's report commissioned by the "UK Financial Services Authority on behalf of the international group of OTC derivative supervisors asked ISDA in October 2009 to conduct a broad market review of bilateral collateralization practices for OTC derivatives to facilitate better understanding of current market practice, especially as it relates to the different types of counterparties active in the market." Netting Possibly the most important aspect of the ISDA Master Agreement is that the Master Agreement and all the Confirmations entered into under it form a single agreement. This is very important (especially for regulated financial companies) as it allows the parties to an ISDA Master Agreement to aggregate the amounts owing by each of them under all of the Transactions outstanding under that ISDA Master Agreement and replace them with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. Netting, dealt with under section 2(c) of the ISDA Master Agreement, allows the parties to net out amounts payable on the same day and in the same currency. The more important use of netting is close-out netting under Section 6(e) of the ISDA Master Agreement. Pursuant to this section, when an ISDA Master Agreement (or, more accurately the outstanding Transactions under it) is terminated (normally following a credit event of some kind), the value of each of the Terminated Transactions is assessed (there are several ways this can be done, but the most usual measure is to determine how much it would cost for a party to enter into a Transaction having commercial terms identical to the Terminated Transaction with an independent third party - this is called the Settlement Amount) and converted into the Termination Currency (which should have been specified in the schedule to the ISDA Master Agreement) and any outstanding Unpaid Amounts are taken into account. The Settlement Amounts (which may be positive or negative depending which party is 'in-the-money' with respect to a particular Terminated Transaction) and unpaid amounts (again positive or negative, depending on who owes them) are added up and a single figure in the Termination Currency is determined payable by one party or the other. The enforceability of the close-out netting provisions is absolutely vital to financial institutions active in the derivatives market since the ability to net allows them to allocate capital only against the net figure they would have to pay on close-out of an ISDA Master Agreement rather than the gross amount. ISDA has obtained legal opinions from all important jurisdictions confirming the effectiveness of the close-out netting provisions in those jurisdictions. Members of ISDA are entitled to rely on these opinions. ISDA also produces a model "Netting Act" which can be adopted by jurisdictions where close-out netting does not work effectively at present. Credit support annex (CSA) ISDA also produces a credit support annex which further permits parties to an ISDA Master Agreement to mitigate their credit risk by requiring the party which is 'out-of-the-money' to post collateral (usually cash, government securities or highly rated bonds) corresponding to the amount which would be payable by that party were all the outstanding Transactions under the relevant ISDA Master Agreement terminated. Collateral other than cash is usually discounted for risk, that is, the pledgor would have to post collateral in excess of the potential settlement amount. ISDAFIX From 1998 until August 2014, ISDA was responsible for releasing a series of interest rate swap reference rates for four currencies (Euros, British pounds, Swiss francs, U.S. dollars) under the name ISDAfix. Following rate manipulation scandals, these rates are now administered by the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). Further, the Swiss francs rate is no longer reported. Credit events and determinations committees ISDA has five Determinations Committees, each having jurisdiction over a specific region of the world (the Americas, Asia excluding Japan, Australia/New Zealand, EMEA and Japan). Each committee consists of ten voting dealers and five voting non-dealer asset managers. The committees make official, binding determinations regarding the existence of "credit events" and "succession events" (such as mergers), which may trigger obligations under a credit default swap contract. Since July 2009, the primary means of resolving a credit event is auction settlement, where holders of applicable instruments (as decided by the relevant determinations committee) auction their instruments to potential buyers at a set price. In March 2012, ISDA issued a statement declaring that Greece, through passing legislation that forces losses on all its private creditors, has triggered the payment on default insurance contracts, thus instigating a credit event. The ISDA said the use of "collective action clauses (CACs) to amend the terms of Greek law-governed bonds issued by The Hellenic Republic such [as] the right of all holders of the Affected Bonds to receive payments has been reduced." Definitions ISDA also creates industry standards for derivatives and provides legal definitions of terms used in contracts. An example is the 1999 ISDA Credit Derivatives Definitions, which provide basic definitions for credit default swaps, total return swaps, credit linked notes and other credit derivative transactions. A controversy resulted over the definition of a "restructuring event" in connection with the August 2000 restructuring of USD 2.8 billion of debt by an insurance company. This prompted complaints from protection sellers in credit default swaps, who had to compensate for an event that was seen as normal in the credit business. There was also a fear of a conflict of interest, since protection buyers had nothing to lose by agreeing to restructuring. (Protection buyers included some of the insurance company's lenders.) See also Swap (finance) National Futures Association Credit default swap Currency swap Foreign exchange swap Interest rate swap Swap Execution Facility Central counterparty clearing Clearing house (finance) List of acronyms: European sovereign-debt crisis References External links ISDA - International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Sample ISDA Master Agreements Sample ISDA Credit Derivatives Template Category:Derivatives (finance) Category:Self-regulatory organizations Category:Swaps (finance)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Antonio Salcedo Antonio Manuel Salcedo (15 October 1912 – 11 June 1993) was a Filipino sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres and the men's 200 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics. References Category:1912 births Category:1993 deaths Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1936 Summer Olympics Category:Filipino male sprinters Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the Philippines Category:Place of birth missing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
S v B In S v B is an important case in South African criminal law, often cited for its findings as to the considerations to be taken into account in sentencing. Facts The appellant was convicted in a regional court of attempted rape. He committed the crime barely a month after being convicted of crimen iniuria, assault and malicious injury to property, for which offences he had received a suspended sentence. When he committed the attempted rape, the appellant was twenty-three years and the complainant sixteen years of age. In sentencing the appellant, the magistrate took into account the prevalence of rape in the area: Hardly a day goes by without the local courts dealing with one or more of these cases. And, as the prosecutor has indicated, they seem to be on the increase. It seems that the short terms of imprisonment which have been imposed in the past have not acted as sufficient deterrent. Parliament has set its face against this type of offence and has provided for the death penalty to be imposed in appropriate cases. He found that, when the appellant committed the offence, he knew exactly what he was doing, but accepted in his favour that at the time he had been intoxicated to some extent. The magistrate took into account the circumstances which prevailed when the appellant committed the offence, addressing the appellant thus: You had the complainant at your mercy, pulled her around by the hair, assaulted her, humiliated her and attempted to rape her. You are a big strong person and she had no chance against you. Fortunately you did not succeed in deflowering her. Had that happened the court would have taken a much more serious view of this incident. But it was purely fortuitous that she was not deflowered. Had you not ejaculated prematurely she might not have been a virgin today. In rape cases, the magistrate pointed out, it was not only the victim who had an interest in the outcome of the case. If the sentence were too lenient, interested and affected persons might take the law in their own hands. He referred to R v Karg, where Schreiner JA said, It is not wrong that natural indignation of interested persons and of the community at large should receive some recognition in the sentence that the Courts impose, and it is not irrelevant to bear in mind that, if sentences for serious crimes are too lenient, the administration of justice may fall into disrepute and injured persons may incline to take the law into their own hands. The magistrate had regard, finally, to the criminal record of the appellant. He expressed the view that the court had a duty towards women, and was obliged to protect them against men like the appellant. The only way that could be done was by imposing an appropriate sentence, he said, and held that, under all the circumstances, a suspended sentence, as suggested by counsel for the appellant, would be inappropriate. The magistrate dealt with the appellant's previous record as follows: You are by no means a first offender. Your first brush with the law was on 27 April 1976, when you received five cuts following a conviction for theft. Since then you have been convicted of various other offences and your history shows a singular lack of discipline. You have become a liability to society. You committed the present offence whilst the suspended sentence, dated 20 February 1979, was hanging over your head. Your counsel has explained the nature of the crimen injuria offence and the court will accept what he said, namely that there was no physical involvement in that incident and that what had happened is that you had sworn at a woman which led to that conviction and sentence. The aims which the magistrate had therefore in mind were, in the first instance, deterrence of the appellant himself and, in view of the prevalence of rape and, indeed, an increase of rape cases heard by the courts, deterrence also of others. In view of the offence of rape being one of those offences which evokes public indignation, and in view of the character and personality of the appellant, as revealed by his criminal record, the magistrate added a fair measure of retribution. He obviously decided against a suspended sentence because the suspended sentence which had previously been imposed upon the appellant had not had any deterrent or corrective effect upon him. It had hardly been imposed when the appellant committed the present offence of attempted rape. The magistrate accordingly sentenced him to five years' imprisonment. Argument His appeal to a provincial division failed; he then appealed to the Appellate Division against the sentence imposed upon him. It was submitted on behalf of the appellant that the magistrate had misdirected himself in over-emphasizing the deterrent and retributive aspects of punishment in assessing an appropriate punishment; that, regard being had to other sentences imposed in similar cases, the sentence in the present case was strikingly disparate; and that the court had failed to take into account certain mitigating factors. In support of his first submission, counsel referred the Appellate Division to the recent decision in S v Khumalo, where, Nicholas JA, in the course of his majority judgment, said, In the assessment of an appropriate sentence, regard must be had inter alia to the main purposes of punishment mentioned by Davis AJA in R v Swanepoel 1945 AD 444 at 455, namely deterrent, preventive, reformative and retributive (see S v Whitehead 1970 (4) SA 424 (A) at 436E-F; S v Rabie 1975 (4) SA 855 (A) at 862). Deterrence has been described as the "essential", "all important", "paramount" and "universally admitted" object of punishment. See R v Swanepoel (supra at 455). The other objects are accessory. Nicholas JA also remarked that, in modern times, retribution was considered to be of lesser importance, and referred to the very dictum which the magistrate quoted from Karg, adding, however, the following sentence which was omitted by the magistrate: "Naturally, righteous anger should not becloud judgment." Nicholas JA referred as well to the following dictum by Holmes JA in S v Rabie: The main purposes of punishment are deterrent, preventive, reformative and retributive: see R v Swanepoel 1945 AD 444 at 455. As pointed out in Gordon Criminal Law of Scotland (1967) at 50: "The retributive theory finds the justification for punishment in a past act, a wrong which requires punishment or expiation ... The other theories, reformative, preventive and deterrent, all find their justification in the future, in the good that will be produced as a result of the punishment." It is therefore not surprising that in R v Karg 1961 (1) SA 231 (A) at 236A Schreiner JA observed that, while the deterrent effect of punishment has remained as important as ever, "the retributive aspect has tended to yield ground to the aspect of prevention and correction". Judgment Viljoen JA subscribed fully to these views. Whereas formerly, "particularly in ancient and medieval times and even in the more enlightened period thereafter," retribution was emphasised, "the outlook has gradually changed." In his De Jure Belli ac Pacis, Grotius wrote, "nemo prudens pun it quia peccatum sed ne peccatur." While, in Viljoen JA's estimation, this was true, retribution was, as Schreiner JA had said, by no means absent from the modern approach. What importance the component of retribution should be accorded in a sentence "depends," wrote Viljoen JA, "upon the circumstances." In Karg, for instance, the Appellate Division considered whether mere negligence as opposed to recklessness, or some high degree of recklessness, merited a considerable degree of retribution in the sentence. As was made clear in the same case, an offence which evoked indignation from the public would attract a greater share of the component of retribution than an offence which did not. Further factors to be taken into account in this respect were the seriousness of the offence and the disposition and attitude of the offender, particularly to his victim. In the present case, one of the ingredients of the offence, Viljoen JA held, was intent, not negligence. The complainant, a girl of sixteen years, was seriously manhandled by the appellant, who showed no remorse afterwards. The magistrate had correctly taken into account his previous criminal history. This showed a singular lack of discipline, said the magistrate, who correctly described him as a liability to society. In Viljoen JA's view, the magistrate had not overemphasised the retributive aspect. Viljoen JA also believed that the magistrate had correctly applied the deterrent aims, as far as the appellant himself as well as others were concerned. Considering that his previous sentences had had no deterrent effect upon him, as was illustrated by the commission of the present offence on March 26, 1979, barely a month after a portion of each of his sentences imposed on February 20, 1979, was suspended for three years on various conditions, the magistrate had not erred as far as deterrence of himself was concerned. The prevalence of the offence and the increase thereof was no doubt taken into account by the magistrate, Viljoen JA believed, in the context of his aim to deter not only the appellant himself, but also others. For that reason, it would not serve any purpose, as the appellant's counsel had invited the Appellate Division to do, to compare other sentences imposed for the same offence. Of course, a comparison of sentences meted out in other cases might serve as a guide to ensure some proportionality in sentences, but it was only a rough guide, according to Viljoen JA, because there were so many factors to be taken into account—they could be usefully collected under the term "individualisation"—that no tariff or standard sentence could be maintained. One such factor was the personal circumstances of the offender. In the present case it was in fact submitted that the magistrate had not sufficiently taken into account the appellant's personal circumstances. From the record, Viljoen JA found very little as to the appellant's employment, his future prospects of advancement, the effect which a prison sentence was likely to have upon his life, and other such circumstances. Since he was represented at the trial, it might be assumed that, if any such personal circumstances, likely to affect the sentence, did in fact exist, they would have been brought to the notice of the magistrate. Viljoen JA conceded that the sentence was a heavy one, but found that the magistrate had furnished good reasons for imposing it. As, furthermore, he had not erred in any respect, and as the sentence was not so severe as to lead to the conclusion that no reasonable court would have imposed it, the appeal was duly dismissed. See also South African criminal law References Books CR Snyman Criminal Law Casebook 5th impression (2012). Cases S v B 1985 (2) SA 120 (A). Notes Category:1985 in South African law Category:1985 in case law Category:South African criminal case law Category:Appellate Division (South Africa) cases	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Robin Fearn Sir Patrick Robin Fearn KCMG (5 September 1934 – 26 August 2006) was a British diplomat who was ambassador to Cuba and Spain. Career Patrick Robin Fearn was educated at Ratcliffe College and University College, Oxford. After National Service 1952–54 he worked for Dunlop Rubber in Venezuela and the Caribbean 1957–61, then joined the Diplomatic Service. Between posts at the Foreign Office (later the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, FCO) he served at the embassies in Caracas, Havana, Budapest, as Head of Chancery and Consul at Vientiane 1972–75 and as Head of Chancery and Consul General at Islamabad 1977–79. He was head of the South America department at the FCO 1979–82, culminating in the invasion of the Falkland Islands by Argentina on 2 April 1982. From the moment of the invasion, it fell to Fearn to organise and animate - indeed, almost to invent - the emergency unit which had to manage intra-Whitehall coordination as well as to seek international support for the UK's response. He worked almost without pause for weeks on end, but remained calm, reassuring and approachable, encouraging his team by his own example as they shouldered a huge burden of work. — Obituary, The Guardian After the war Fearn spent 1983 at the Royal College of Defence Studies, writing a thesis on the Antarctic Treaty. He was ambassador to Cuba 1984–86, assistant Under-Secretary of State (Americas) at the FCO 1986–89, and ambassador to Spain 1989–94. He was appointed CMG after the Falklands war and knighted KCMG during his posting to Spain. After retiring from the Diplomatic Service, Fearn was director of the Foreign Service Programme at Oxford University and visiting Fellow of University College 1995–99. References FEARN, Sir (Patrick) Robin, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 Sir Robin Fearn (obituary), The Guardian, London, 6 October 2006 Sir Robin Fearn (obituary), The Telegraph, London, 2 October 2006 Category:1934 births Category:2006 deaths Category:People educated at Ratcliffe College Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Cuba Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Fellows of University College, Oxford	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bayatabad Bayatabad (, also Romanized as Bayātābād and Beytābād) is a village in Kuh Sefid Rural District, in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,093, in 208 families. References Category:Populated places in Khash County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sybra eumilis Sybra eumilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1952. References eumilis Category:Beetles described in 1952	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Franciszek Armiński Franciszek Armiński (b. October 2, 1789 in Tymbark – January 14, 1848 in Warsaw) was a Polish astronomer. He was professor at the Warsaw University and director of the astronomical observatory in Łazienki Park, Warsaw. He studied many astronomical acts and predicted space theories. Category:1789 births Category:1848 deaths Category:People from Limanowa County Category:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Category:Polish astronomers Category:University of Warsaw faculty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Christian Dumolin Christian Dumolin (born 1945, Kortrijk) of Sint-Denijs is a Belgian businessman, President and CEO of Koramic Investment Group, President and CEO of Koramic-Koceram and Vice-Chairman of Wienerberger Supervisory Board. After he graduated in economics, he started his career in the insurance business. He took over the management of Koramic Building Products in 1980 and subsequently was appointed Chairman and Managing Director of the company. The Koramic group grew out of brick production and is active in construction material. Koramic is one of Europe's leading companies in the sector of tiles as well as one of the main divisions of the Austrian Wienerberger group. In addition Christian Dumolin was a regent of the National Bank of Belgium and also the Belgian businessman with the highest number of governing board mandates in: 129 mandates of which 7 paid. References Sources Koramic sells roof tiles division, Focus on Flanders, 11 January -17 January 2003, Number 2, p. 6 De rijkste families in West-Vlaanderen (Belgium) Dumolin vormt Koramic om tot investeringsmaatschappij, De Tijd, 2 Aug. 2005 Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:Belgian businesspeople Category:People from Kortrijk Category:People from Zwevegem	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Syntomodrillia woodringi Syntomodrillia woodringi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae. Description The length of the shell varies between 7 mm and 18 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, of the Antilles and NorthernBrasil. References P. Bartsch (1934), New Mollusks of the Family Turritidae:(with Eight Plates); Smithsonian Institution External links Rosenberg G., Moretzsohn F. & García E. F. (2009). Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1-1295. Fallon P.J. (2016). Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species. Zootaxa. 4090(1): 1-363 woodringi Category:Gastropods described in 1934	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Zaculeu Zaculeu or Saqulew is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the highlands of western Guatemala, about outside of the modern city of Huehuetenango. Occupation at the site dates to the Early Classic period (AD 250–600) of Mesoamerican history. Zaculeu was the capital of the Postclassic Mam kingdom, and was conquered by the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj. It displays a mixture of Mam and K'iche' style architecture. In AD 1525 the city was attacked by Spanish conquistadors under Gonzalo de Alvarado y Contreras during a siege that lasted several months. Kayb'il B'alam, the city's last ruler, finally surrendered to the Spanish due to starvation. The site contains a number of temple-pyramids with talud-tablero style architecture and double stairways. The pyramids and governmental palaces are grouped around a series of large public plazas. The site also holds a ballcourt for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame. The site was originally fortified with walls. The site was restored by the United Fruit Company in the late 1940s. It is open to tourists and includes a small museum. Etymology and location The name Zaculeu means "white earth" in the Mam, K'iche' and Q'anjob'al languages, from saq (adj) meaning "white" and ulew (n) meaning "earth". In the Mam language, the site is also called Chinabajul. The archaeological site is located in the present-day village of San Lorenzo on the outskirts of Huehuetenango city, in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. Zaculeu is the main tourist attraction in the Huehuetenango area. Zaculeu is located at an altitude of above mean sea level, and is bordered by the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes mountain range. Zaculeu is located in an area of fertile soils close to the Selegua and Viña rivers. The site is situated on a plateau overlooking the Selegua River, which flows to the west of the city. Deep ravines bordering the site to the south and east protected its access. The only access to the site is via a narrow land bridge to the north which unites the plateau to the general level of the valley floor. The Zaculeu plateau measures 11,178 square varas (4191 square metres). History Zaculeu was first occupied in the Early Classic Period (AD 250–600), and the buildings from this era show the architectural influence of the great metropolis of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico. The largest constructions date from the Classic Period (AD 250–900). To these were added other plaza groups and buildings in the Early Postclassic (AD 900–1200) and Late Postclassic (AD 1200–1525) in an unbroken history. Zaculeu has been used as a ceremonial site by Mam Maya continuously to the present. Zaculeu came under the influence of central Mexico again in the Late Classic. The architectural influence is so distinct that it suggests that a foreign Mexican elite may have settled at the city and continued in occupation there until the K'iche' conquered the site in the Postclassic. K'iche' conquest The K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj conquered Zaculeu in the Postclassic. Traditionally that has been calculated as during the 15th century AD based on ethnohistoric accounts. Radiocarbon dating has pushed back the calculations of the K'iche' conquests by three centuries, and researchers now say their conquest of the Mam kingdoms may have taken place as early as the 12th century. The city was dominated by the K'iche' until the Spanish Conquest of the early 16th century. The K'iche' king Q'uq'umatz died in battle against a group of the northern Mam. His son K'iq'ab continued where his father had left off and completed the conquest of the people. K'iq'ab was ruler when Zaculeu was conquered by the K'iche.' This appears to have been a second K'iche' conquest of the city, having previously fallen some time earlier. When the K'iche' conquered another kingdom, its practice was to place the newly subject kingdom under the control of one of the K'iche' noble lineages. Based on the style of Structure 4, archeologists believe that Zaculeu was likely controlled by the Nija'ib.' The Ilocab, who had conquered much of the region, are another possibility. The K'iche' tended to place their newly installed ruling elite in a mountain-top fortress securing the population in the valleys below. However, substantial portions of the original Mam population remained in place in the plateau area. The K'iche' rebuilt over earlier Classic period structures in a distinctively K'iche' style. The basic K'iche layout consists of a westward-facing temple with a steep talud-tablero facade, flanked by two unequally sized wings. This was likely to have been the temple of Awilix, patron goddess of the Nija'ib' K'iche'. A longer palace structure lies to the north, facing southwards and the ballcourt to the southwest. This K'iche' layout was somewhat distorted by the reuse of the earlier architecture, because the typical Mam settlement layout was built along an axis running from southeast to northwest. As the K'iche' did not completely redesign the entire site along a K'iche' pattern, the juxtaposition of Mam- and K'iche'-style complexes demonstrates the fusing of the local and intrusive elite lineages. Excavations have uncovered examples of metalwork at Zaculeu. These were small ornamental pieces. An example is a representation of a butterfly worked from tumbaga, an alloy of gold and copper, dated to the Postclassic period. Spanish conquest Although hostilities existed between the Mam and the K'iche' of Q'umarkaj after the rebellion of the Kaqchikel people against their K'iche' allies, the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors shifted the political landscape. Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado described how the Mam king Kayb'il B'alam was received with great honour in Q'umarkaj. At the time of the Spanish Conquest, the main Mam population was situated in Xinabahul (also spelled Chinabjul), now the city of Huehuetenango. They retreated to Zaculeu as a refuge during the Spanish attacks because of its fortifications. The refuge was attacked by Gonzalo de Alvarado y Contreras, brother of conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, in 1525, with 120 soldiers, and some 2,000 Mexican and K'iche' allies. The city was defended by Kayb'il B'alam commanding some 5,000 people (the chronicles are not clear if this is the number of soldiers or the total population of Zaculeu). After a siege lasting several months, the Mam were reduced to starvation. Kayb'il B'alam finally surrendered the city to the Spanish in October 1525. When the Spanish entered the city, they found 1,800 dead Indians, with the survivors eating the corpses of the dead. The Spanish forced the abandonment of Zaculeu after they built the new city of Huehuetenango some away. Modern history American explorer John Lloyd Stephens and English architect Frederick Catherwood visited the site in 1840, at which time it was a confused jumble of overgrown ruins. Stephens published a description of the archaeological remains a year later. Catherwood did not draw any of the structures due to the poor state of the remains. The two excavated one of the mounds and recovered some ceramic vessels, which Catherwood drew. On 24 April 1931, Guatemala declared the site as a National Monument under the name of Tzaculeu. On 23 February 1946, the site was renamed as Zaculeu. The government gave a license to excavate to the United Fruit Company, which immediately began archaeological excavations and related restorations of the structures under the direction of John M. Dimick. This later included re-coating a number of the buildings with white plaster, as it was known that many were originally finished that way. This has seldom been done in other restorations of Pre-Columbian buildings. On 12 June 1970 the site was declared a National Precolumbian Monument by accord of the Guatemalan Ministry of Education (MINEDUC). Site description Zaculeu was likely originally developed because of its proximity to the Seleguá River, providing a permanent water supply and transportation waterway, together with its easily defensible hilltop location. Zaculeu has 43 structures. The majority of construction activity took place in one burst in the Early Classic, with minor alterations thereafter. The smaller platforms situated in the plazas were late additions; they show the influence of central Mexican civilization. The entrance to the site was via a narrow land bridge to the north, which was protected by a fortified structure that occupied three-quarters of the width of the land bridge. The ceremonial centre of the city consisted of 43 structures clustered in an area of . The architecture at the site includes talud-tablero style buildings with double stairways. The facades of some of the buildings have cylindrical columns, a feature found in other parts of Mesoamerica. Artefacts recovered from the site include items fashioned from turquoise and precious metals. The metal artefacts crafted from gold, silver and copper and their alloys demonstrate the city's participation in the wider trade networks of the Postclassic Period. These metal artefacts were either influenced by or imported from Mexico and southern Central America. The structures at Zaculeu were grouped around small plazas and were generally built from masonry, coated with a thick layer of plaster. Fragments bear floral and geometric designs, indicating the structures were originally brightly painted. Stones were undressed and cemented in adobe mortar. No evidence of corbel vaulting has been found and very little in the way of stone sculpture. The architecture completely lacks stone sculpture. Burials from the Early Classic yielded a rich array of finds, but Late Classic burials were accompanied by a lesser variety of grave offerings. An Early Classic tomb was inserted under the main pyramid at Zaculeu; it had been tunnelled from the volcanic ash underlying the structure. A broad stairway descended to the tomb from the main plaza. The tomb interior was painted red and the floor was scattered with the remains of more than 100 ceramic vessels. These were crushed when the roof of the tomb collapsed. Also found were the remains of 34 pyrite mirrors of a type similar to those found at Kaminaljuyu. A sizeable quantity of jade was recovered from the tomb, including beads and earplugs. Some of the jade beads had been carved to represent human and parrot faces. The tomb contained the bones of four or more individuals. The ceramic offerings included decorated tripod vessels, polychrome bowls and a polychrome cylindrical vase that had a painted band of hieroglyphs. One ceramic bowl is painted in a negative painting style that is similar to finds from Nebaj. The site core is laid out around eight plazas. Some of the structures were restored by the United Fruit Company; most of these border Plazas 1 and 2. Structures 1 and 2 are pyramid temples. Structures 4, 6 and 10 are palace structures, long buildings with internal chambers and benches used as residences and for administrative purposes. Plazas Plaza 1 is the main plaza at the site. It measures and is closed on all four sides by pyramid temples. Plaza 2 is a large plaza at the southeast of the site core, south of Plaza 1. It is bordered on the southeastern side by Structure 4, on the northeast by Structure 1, on the northwest by the ballcourt and on the southwest by Plaza 3. Plaza 3 is a small plaza at the southern extreme of the site core, southwest of Plaza 2 and south of the ballcourt. Plaza 4 is at the northwest side of the site core. It is closed on the northeastern side by Structure 10, on the southeast by Structure 13 and on the southwest by the ballcourt. Plazas 5 and 6 are located immediately to the west. Plaza 5 is a small plaza immediately west of Plaza 4 and northwest of the ballcourt. It is divided from Plaza 6 to the northwest by Structure 21. Plaza 6 is another small plaza to the west of Plaza 4. It is enclosed on three sides by a building complex with Structure 21 on the southeast side. Plaza 7 is a small plaza at the western extreme of the site core, to the west of Plazas 5 and 6. Plaza 8 is an enclosed plaza to the southwest of the ballcourt. Structure 2, a pyramid, closes the northwest side and Structure 3 closes the southeast side. Structures Structure 1 is a high pyramid on the southeast side of Plaza 1. It has eight stepped sections topped by a summit shrine. The shrine has three doorways approached via a double stairway rising from the plaza below. The pyramid was rebuilt seven times with the visible remains dating to the Early Postclassic. The earliest phase of construction dates to the Early Classic period. Structure 2 is a pyramid on the northwest side of the sunken Plaza 8. It is largely unrestored. Structure 3 lies across the plaza to the southeast. It is a platform with a twin stairway facing northwest onto the plaza. Structure 3 is on the southeast side of Plaza 8, facing onto the plaza opposite Structure 2. It is immediately south of the ballcourt. Structure 4 is an unusual combination of temple and palace. It is situated on the southeast side of Plaza 2. The structure consists of a central pyramidal base flanked by two attached range structures. The pyramidal base is topped by a shrine containing three rooms, the final room of the three is circular. The temple has three steep stairways flanked by balustrades. The main stairway ascends directly from the plaza, those on either side are perpendicular to the main stairway. The balustrade of each stairway terminates at the top in a vertical panel. The temple facade is in good condition although the roof of the temple is missing. The range structures are unequal in size and each contains a single long room atop a low platform. The facade of each of these rooms once possessed a row of columns although only stumps remain in situ. This temple-palace is K'iche' in style and has been identified with the Nija'ib' lineage of the K'iche', being very similar to the Temple of Awilix at Q'umarkaj. A tomb was excavated in Structure 4, it consisted of a complete skeleton with associated offerings that included two tripod earthenware bowls, one with duck effigies, a tripod incense burner, a flint knife, nine obsidian knives, five jade beads and some fragments of gold. Structure 6 is a temple on the northeast side of Plaza 1. It rises in stepped sections topped by a summit shrine and was accessed via a stairway from the plaza that divided in two near the summit. Only the lower sections of the walls and columns of the shrine remain. Structure 9 is a large mound on the northwest side of Plaza 1. The last phase of construction shows evidence of the interruption of construction by the Spanish Conquest. Terraces were absent on three sides of the structure with only the lowest level having been built on the fourth. Early Classic ceramic caches were discovered under Structure 9. Structure 10 borders the northeast side of Plaza 4 and is unrestored although some original stonework is evident. It is a very long building accessed via three stairways ascending from the plaza. The structure has been investigated by archaeologists and was found to have multiple doorways opening into a single long room. Structures 11 and 12 are small platforms in the middle of Plaza 1. They have both been restored. Structure 13 is on the southwest side of Plaza 1, dividing that Plaza from Plaza 2. It was accessed via a double stairway ascending from Plaza 1. This double stairway gave access to the first level of the temple structure only; from there, a wide single stairway continued to the summit shrine. Only the lower sections of the walls and columns of the temple superstructure remain. The earliest phase of construction dates to the Early Classic and consisted of a low platform that supported a perishable superstructure. Structures 15 and 16 are both low platforms located in Plaza 2, on an axis running directly northwest across the plaza from the central temple of Structure 4. Structure 17 is a pyramidal base in Plaza 2, to the west of Structures 15 and 16. It supported two rooms accessed via a double stairway on the northwest side of the temple. The entrance to outermost room once had two columns, although now only the lower portions of the walls and columns remain. Structure 21 is a low platform in Plaza 5, it is partially restored and has a stairway on the northwest side. The Ballcourt consists of Structures 22 and 23, it was used for the ceremonial Mesoamerican ballgame. It is an I-shaped sunken ballcourt with sloping walls. The two structures forming the sides of the ballcourt once supported buildings, now only the lower sections of their walls remain. The ballcourt is oriented northwest to southeast and is long. Structure 37 is not associated with any of the eight plazas of the site core, standing about northeast of Structure 4 and a similar distance east of Structure 1. It was investigated by archaeologists but has not been restored, although some of the original stonework and plaster coating is visible. See also Cerro Quiac Chajoma Iximche Mixco Viejo Notes References External links Description and Photo gallery Photos on anthroarcheart.org Photo Gallery Guatelinda.com Category:Maya sites in Guatemala Category:Former populated places in Guatemala Category:Huehuetenango Department Category:K'iche' Category:Classic period in Mesoamerica Category:Colonial Guatemala Category:Maya Postclassic Period Category:Mam Maya	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Four Wants and One Without Four Wants and One Without or Four Yeses and One No (Chinese: 四要一沒有) is a policy proposed by the former president of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Chen Shui-bian, in a speech at a function of the Formosan Association for Public Affairs on 4 March 2007. The substance thereof is that: Taiwan wants independence; Taiwan wants the rectification of its name; Taiwan wants a new constitution; Taiwan wants development; and Taiwanese politics is without the question of left or right, but only the question of unification or independence. See also Four Ifs Four Noes and One Without External links full text of Chen's speech at FAPA Category:Politics of Taiwan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Arctic Air Arctic Air is a Canadian drama television series that began airing on CBC Television on January 10, 2012. The series was canceled on March 17, 2014, due to government budgetary cuts. Synopsis Arctic Air is about a Yellowknife-based maverick airline and the unconventional family who runs it. The owners are Mel Ivarson, an old school bush pilot; Krista Ivarson, Mel's daughter; and Bobby Martin, the son of Ivarson's deceased partner. Episodes focus on interpersonal conflicts between the characters as well as dramatic flying missions with their aging fleet of Douglas DC-3s, de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otters and other aircraft. Each episode has one or more flying missions. Cast Adam Beach as Bobby Martin Pascale Hutton as Krista Ivarson Kevin McNulty as Mel Ivarson Stephen Lobo as Dev Panwar Carmen Moore as Loreen Cassway John Reardon as Blake Laviolette Emilie Ullerup as Astrid Poulsen Timothy Webber as Cece Cooper Rebecca Marshall as Lindsay Gallagher Tanaya Beatty as Caitlin Janvier Niall Matter as Tag Cummins Episodes Productions In some episodes, the production crew used Buffalo Airways' hangar in Yellowknife as backdrop. DVD releases Entertainment One released the complete first season on DVD in Canada on November 20, 2012. Season 2 was released on January 7, 2014. The third and final season was released on October 14, 2014. Ratings According to CBC, the total audience for the first episode was just over 1 million viewers. Awards and nominations Canadian Screen Awards Leo Awards UBCP/ACTRA Awards Supporting content Mini-episodes CBC Television released 5 mini-episodes online, titled Man of the North as supporting material to the first season of the series. These webisodes were each 2–3 minutes in length. Online games In support of the show's second season, an online game was launched on its official website, entitled Arctic Air Adventure. Season 2 Finale A series of short clips, available exclusively through the series page on the CBC website, were produced to complement the second-season finale. This online content was nominated for a Canadian Screen Award, in the Best Cross Platform Project, Fiction, category. VIP Lounge For the third series of the show, additional content was provided through the show's page on the CBC website, which included additional scenes, and supporting material such as photographs taken by characters, phone conversations and additional graphics related to each episode. References External links Category:2012 Canadian television series debuts Category:2014 Canadian television series endings Category:Television series produced in the Northwest Territories Category:Television shows set in the Northwest Territories Category:Television shows set in the Arctic Category:2010s Canadian drama television series Category:Aviation television series Category:Culture of Yellowknife Category:CBC Television shows	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hussein Shah of Johor Sultan Hussein Mua'zzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam (1776 – 5 September 1835) was the 18th ruler of Johor-Riau. He signed two treaties with Britain which culminated in the founding of modern Singapore; during which he was given recognition as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore in 1819 and the Sultan of Johor in 1824. However, Sultan Hussein was regarded as no more than a British puppet, at least during the first few years of his reign. Towards his last years of his reign and during the first half of his son's reign as the Sultan of Johor, limited recognition was given by a few nobles. The British were concerned mainly with their own economic and political gains. Succession dispute Sultan Mahmud Shah III died in 1812 after reigning for more than fifty years. He named no heir formally. He left behind two sons by two different women, both of whom were of Bugis extraction. The older son, Hussein Shah stood the better chance of succeeding his father by primogeniture over his younger half-brother, Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah, however, was away in Pahang when his father died. The Bugis faction, led by the underking Yamtuan Muda Raja Ja'afar, supported Abdul Rahman as successor and hastily organised a coronation ceremony before Hussein Shah could return. Raja Ja'afar, in exchange for his support for Abdul Rahman (now Sultan), was appointed as Regent and wielded administrative authority. Hussein Shah was in Pahang, waiting for the monsoon winds to arrive, and was unaware of his brother's installation as the Sultan. Raja Ja'afar had written a letter to Hussein Shah, notifying him of Sultan Mahmud's death, but concealed his brother's ascension as the Sultan. Bendahara Tun Ali brought letters to Lingga, reporting Abdul Rahman's coronation during Hussein Shah's stay in Pahang. Hussein Shah sailed from Pahang to Lingga when the monsoon winds arrived, and was received by Sultan Abdul Rahman, who offered to abdicate in his favor. But he quickly backtracked after Raja Ja'afar made threats against Sultan Abdul Rahman. Hussein Shah remained in exile in the Riau Islands. Questions pertaining to the legitimacy of Sultan Abdul Rahman's reign were raised; the royal regalia were still in the hands of Engku Putri Hamidah, the primary consort of the late Sultan, who had stated her support for Tengku Hussein as successor. In addition, Hussein Shah also had the support of the Temenggongs and Malay nobles, which made the prospect of putting a legitimate successor in place difficult. Sultan Abdul Rahman devoted himself increasingly to religion; he had delegated all administrative duties to Raja Ja'afar by the time William Farquhar approached the Sultan to secure an alliance with the British in an attempt to reduce Dutch influence in the region. Founding of modern Singapore 1819 treaty In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles persuaded the British East India Company to establish a new base in the East Indies. On 29 January 1819, Raffles landed at Singapura, and there he befriended Temenggong Abdul Rahman. Upon learning of these Johor political tensions, Raffles had the Temenggong smuggle Hussein Shah from Riau to Singapura. Raffles then made a deal with Hussein Shah. The British would recognize Hussein Shah as Sultan of Johor, and pay stipends to Hussein Shah and the Temenggong Abdul Rahman. In return, Hussein Shah would allow Raffles to establish a trading post in Singapore. This treaty was signed on 6 February 1819. 1824 Anglo-Dutch treaty With the Temenggong's help, Raffles brought Hussein Shah to Singapore. The Dutch were extremely displeased with Raffles' action. Tensions between the Dutch and British over Singapore persisted until 1824, until they signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty. Under the terms of that treaty, the Dutch officially withdrew their opposition to the British presence in Singapore. The treaty has the effect of carving the Johor Empire into two spheres of influence; modern Johor under the British and the new Sultanate of Riau under the Dutch. The treaty was concluded in London, between the British and the Dutch, effectively breaking up of the Johor-Riau Empire into two. Later years and death The British successfully sidelined Dutch political influence by proclaiming Hussein Shah as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore. Hussein Shah's claim to be Sultan of Johor and Singapore was by all accounts not recognised by the Malay rulers and was only a nominal title. Temenggong Abdul Rahman's position, on the other hand, was strengthened as the signing of the treaties detached him the influence of Raja Ja'afar. The Dutch took the bold initiative of taking the royal regalia from Engku Putri Hamidah by force after hearing of rumors of Sultan Hussein requesting British aid to get hold of it. In November 1822, Sultan Abdul Rahman was installed as the Sultan of Lingga, complete with the royal regalia. In the later part of his reign, growing British influence induced some Malay nobles, particularly Bendahara Ali, to recognize Sultan Hussein Shah. Sultan Abdul Rahman, who had devoted himself to religion, became contented with his political sphere of influence in Lingga, where his family continued to maintain his household under the administrative direction of Raja Ja'afar, <ref>Bastin, Winks, Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings, pg 132 Though in 1818 Major Farquhar had signed a treaty with the Underking of Riau by virtue of powers granted him by 'Abdu'r-Rahman Sultan of Johor, Pahang and dependencies, and though in his letter suggesting the Carimons (Karimun) for a port he had again referred to 'Abdu'r-Rahman as emperor, he now conveniently remembered that the potentate had deprecated being called ruler of the Johor empire and had declared that he was Sultan of Lingga only. So aware that under Dutch surveillance neither Sultan 'Abdu'r-Rahman of Lingga nor the Underking at Riau would be able to convey any rights at Singapore to the British...</ref> who ruled under the auspices of the Dutch. However, unresolved legal ambiguity in the legitimacy various local affairs, such as the status of Johor and Pahang. These were de jure possessions of Sultan Abdul Rahman and his successors, yet the 1824 treaty barred him as a Dutch vassal from exerting political authority over Johor and Pahang. In the light of these circumstances, the Temenggong and Bendahara increasingly exerted their independent authority. Also, largely as a result of the strong British influence in the Malay Peninsula, the continuously changing political dynamics gradually relegated these legitimacy disputes to irrelevance. (In 1857, the Sultan of Lingga, Sultan Mahmud Muzaffar Shah, who was also de jure head of the royal house of Johor, Pahang and Lingga, made a vociferous claim as the rightful ruler of these states and sparked off a brief civil war in Pahang.) Sultan Hussein on his part, did not pursue any active claim to his sovereignty rights over Johor, even after Temenggong Abdul Rahman died in 1825, and his successor, Temenggong Ibrahim was still a youth at the time. Sultan Hussein spent much of his time at his Singapore residence in Istana Kampong Glam until 1834, when he moved to Malacca. Reports cited that he was a dispirited man, apparently with the lack of power and authority that he should be accorded as the Sultan. Sultan Hussein died in September 1835, and was buried in Tranquerah Mosque at the wishes of his Sultanah and Abdul Kadir, a Tamil-Muslim Imam. Several of his descendants are buried in Jalan Kubor Cemetery in Singapore. See also Sultan of Johor Johor Sultanate References General Abdul Aziz, Rahiman, Pembaratan pemerintahan Johor, 1800–1945: Suatu Analisis Sosiologi Sejarah, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1997, Bastin, John Sturgus; Winks, Robin W. Malaysia: Selected Historical Readings, Oxford University Press, 1966 Brazil, David. Street Smart Singapore, Times Books International, 1991, British-American Claims Arbitral Tribunal, American and British Claims Arbitration, Govt. Prtg. Off., 1913 Gopinath, Aruna. Pahang, 1880–1933: A Political History, Council of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1991 Ministry of Culture (Publicity Division), Singapore; Ministry of Communications and Information, Singapore., Singapore: A Ministry of Culture Publication, Ministry of Culture, 1987 Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Malaysian Branch, Singapore, 1975 Scott-Ross, Marcus. See Historical Malacca in One Day, Chopmen Enterprises, 1973 Tate, D. J. M., The Making of Modern South-East Asia, Oxford University Press, 1979 Trocki, Carl A. Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885, Singapore University Press, 1979 Trocki, Carl A. Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control, Routledge, 2006, Turnbull, Constance Mary. A Short History of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Graham Brash, 1981, Winstedt, R. O. A History of Johore (1365–1941)'', (M.B.R.A.S. Reprints, 6.) Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1992, Category:1776 births Category:1835 deaths Category:House of Bendahara of Johor Category:People of British Singapore Category:Sultans of Johor Category:19th-century monarchs in Asia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
David Little David Little may refer to: David Little (linebacker) (1959–2005), former professional American football linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers David Little (tight end) (born 1961), former professional American football tight end for the Philadelphia Eagles David John Little (died 1984), MP in the Northern Ireland Parliament for West Down David T. Little (born 1978), American composer and drummer David M. Little (1861–1923), American businessman and politician from Salem, Massachusetts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tapeats Sandstone Overview The Cambrian Tapeats Sandstone is the lower geologic unit, about thick, at its maximum, of the 3-member Tonto Group. The Tapeats Sandstone is the highly erosion-resistant unit laid upon the Vishnu Basement Rocks in the central, parts of east, and parts of west Grand Canyon, Arizona. The unit comprises the 'base horizontal unit' of the platform around Granite Gorge (Inner Gorge) on the Colorado River, and because of its hardness, creates the Tonto Platform upon which the two slope-forming, highly erodible units, the Muav Limestone, and Bright Angel Shale lie. The Tapeats Sandstone and the Tonto Platform follow the Colorado River, and surrounding tributary canyons, creeks, watercourses, or washes, in a dendritic fashion, much like the branches of a tree. The Tapeats unit is the bottom member of the Tonto Group, a typical marine transgression series of sandstone-(conglomerate)-shale-limestone, all part of a paleo sea, initially adjacent to land, the source of the Tapeats rocks-(conglomerates) and sand; (a regressing sequence has the reverse order). The Tapeats Sea at the early Devonian ceased to deposit more Muav Limestone, and a period of erosion ensued, a deposition unconformity. The Tapeats Sandstone was laid upon the Vishnu Basement Rocks, after an unconformity of erosion, the Great Unconformity, of 1,000 million years (1.0 billion). Besides the erosion unconformity, the Unkar Group of the basement rocks are also at an angular unconformity, being an 8-member sequence tilted at 45 degrees. The horizontal Tonto Platform has hiking trails that cross it from the South Rim to North Rim, Grand Canyon for instance. The extensive Tonto Trail lies on parts of the Tapeats Sandstone, and the platform on the south side of Granite Gorge. Close-up of Tapeats Sandstone on the Great Unconformity Geologic sequence The units of the Tonto Group: 3--Muav Limestone 2--Bright Angel Shale 1--Tapeats Sandstone (start of transgression series) See also Geology of the Grand Canyon area Great Unconformity Sauk sequence References Popular Publications Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney, Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Grand Canyon Association (publisher), 2008, 176 pages, Chronic, Halka. Roadside Geology of Arizona, Mountain Press Publishing Co., 1983, 23rd printing, pp. 229–232, Lucchitta, Ivo, Hiking Arizona's Geology, 2001, Mountaineers's Books, External links Anonymous (2011a) Tonto Group, Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Anonymous (2011b) Tapeats Sandstone, Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Anonymous (2011c) Bright Angel Shale, Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Anonymous (2011c) Muav Limestone, Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Brandriss, M. (2004) Angular unconformity between Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks, Grand Canyon, Arizona. GeoDIL, A Geoscience Digital Image Library, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Mathis, A., and C. Bowman (2007) The Grand Age of Rocks: The Numeric Ages for Rocks Exposed within Grand Canyon, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121220094947/http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/grca/age/index.cfm Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.], National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Rowland, S. (nda) Frenchman Mountain Great Unconformity site. Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada. Rowland, S. (ndb) Geologic Map of Frenchman Mountain. Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada. Rowland, S. (ndc) Frenchman Mountain and the Great Unconformity. Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada. Share, J. (2102a) The Great Unconformity of the Grand Canyon and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part I - Defining It. Share, J. (2102a) The Great Unconformity and the Late Proterozoic-Cambrian Time Interval: Part II - The Rifting of Rodinia and the "Snowball Earth" Glaciations That Followed. Timmons, M. K. Karlstrom, and C. Dehler (1999) Grand Canyon Supergroup Six Unconformities Make One Great Unconformity A Record of Supercontinent Assembly and Disassembly. Boatman's Quarterly Review. vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29–32. Timmons, S. S. (2003) Learning to Read the Pages of a Book (Grand Canyon Geology Training Manual), National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Gallery--Tapeats Sandstone Examples of the deposition unconformity of time (550-800 million yrs), the Great Unconformity. The Tapeats approximately 200 ft thick. Gallery—Great Unconformity and angular unconformity Examples of the angular unconformity'' below the Tapeats Sandstone, (approx. 15 degrees). Category:Sandstone formations of the United States Category:Natural history of the Grand Canyon Category:Geologic formations of Arizona Category:Geologic formations of Nevada Category:Cambrian Arizona Category:Cambrian Nevada Category:Cambrian System of North America	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Joan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen Joan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen may refer to: Joan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen (1599–1661) Joan Huydecoper II (1625–1704), his son	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Riley Armstrong (album) Riley Armstrong is the self-titled debut album of Christian singer-songwriter Riley Armstrong, released in 2000 (see: 2000 in music). It marked the replacement of his stage name Plain Edson with his real name. Riley had previously released the album Novel Reason under his pseudonym. Riley Armstrong also marked the debut of newly formed Flicker Records. The album includes a cover of Simon and Garfunkel's "Bridge over Troubled Water." Track listing "Intro" "Sunray" "> (Greater Than)" "Reborn" "The Table" "Bridge over Troubled Water" "Sleep" "Watching Out for Tristyn" "The Only" "9 Point 8" "Paper Cup" References Category:Riley Armstrong (musician) albums Category:2000 debut albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2010 Guatemala City sinkhole The 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole was a disaster in which an area approximately across and deep collapsed in Guatemala City's Zona 2, swallowing a three-story factory. The sinkhole occurred for a combination of reasons, including Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacaya Volcano eruption, and leakage from sewer pipes. Background Overall, the risk of sinkholes occurring in Guatemala City is high and unpredictable. One recent, similar sinkhole had collapsed in 2007, forming a pit 100 metres deep. The 2007 Guatemala City sinkhole was formed by fluid from a sewer eroding uncemented volcanic ash, limestone, and other pyroclastic deposits underlying Guatemala City. The hazards around the pipe have since then been mitigated, by improved handling of the city's wastewater and runoff. Several rainstorms also contributed to the sinkhole's collapse, as stormwater percolated into the ground, further dissolving the rocks beneath Guatemala City. The 2010 sinkhole was formed for similar reasons. Formation Sewage pipes The sinkhole formed due to volcanic pumice deposits, upon which Guatemala City is built. These deposits were unconsolidated and of low density, allowing easy erosion. According to Sam Bonis, a geologist at Dartmouth College, leaking pipes went unfixed long enough to create the conditions necessary for sinkhole formation because of lax city zoning regulations and building codes. Bonis also says that the Guatemala City sinkhole is a misnomer: sinkholes have natural causes, but this one was mainly artificial. In addition, according to Bonis, sinkholes are usually formed from limestone but there is no limestone hundreds of metres underneath Guatemala City. Bonis proposes that the sinkhole be renamed a piping feature. Tropical Storm Agatha Tropical Storm Agatha was first identified as a trough of low pressure of the western coast of Costa Rica on May 24, 2010. On May 29, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Agatha. Later that day, the system intensified slightly before making landfall near the Mexico-Guatemala border with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). By the morning of May 30, the center of Agatha moved over the highest terrain in Central America, resulting in the dissipation of the low-level circulation. Torrential rains from the storm widened the cavity, eventually causing the collapse of the sinkhole. Pacaya volcano eruption On May 27, three days before Agatha became a tropical depression, the Pacaya volcano, located about south of Guatemala City, erupted, killing at least one person and blanketing nearby areas with layers of ash. The eruption prompted officials to shut down the country's international airport. Upon the formation of Agatha, people feared that excessive rainfall from the storm could exacerbate the situation and trigger lahars. This had the effect of clogging the underground pipes with soot, increasing the chances of pipe rupture. Collapse and aftermath Mariela Castañón, a reporter for the daily newspaper La Hora, reported that the ground collapsed suddenly, taking a three-story house that was used as a factory, and possibly a security guard, along with it. Electricity poles were also sucked in. Authorities said they could not confirm the security guard's death. Because of the role played by sewage pipes in the sinkhole's collapse, Sam Bonis, along with other geologists, has demanded that the government inspect the sewer system more regularly. According to officials, the sinkhole had similarities with another Guatemalan sinkhole which collapsed in 2007, which may also have been formed by ruptured sewage pipes. On a wider scale, immediately following reports of fatalities due to Agatha, a state of emergency was declared for Guatemala. On May 31, the government started to deploy national aid, and donation centers for victims of the storm were opened across the country. According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), schools in Guatemala were to be closed until at least June 4. Filling in the sinkhole Immediately after the sinkhole's collapse, there were plans to fill it in with a soil cement made from cement, limestone, and water known locally as lodocreto ("mudcrete"). This substance was also used to fill in the 2007 Guatemala City sinkhole. However, another technique, which geologists call the graded-filter technique, in which the sinkhole is filled with successive layers of boulders, smaller rocks, and gravel, could possibly be a better solution. This is because filling the hole in with cement diverts water runoff to other areas, potentially increasing the risk of sinkholes occurring in other parts of the city. The graded-filter technique, on the other hand, allows water to seep through. Update: Checking Google satellite imagery history via Google Earth, the refilling of the hole, and paving could be seen in progress in August 2011 with traffic seen by March 2012. (Latitude: 14°39'7.65"N, Longitude: 90°30'21.23"W) References Category:2010 natural disasters Category:21st century in Guatemala City Category:21st century sinkholes Category:2010 in Guatemala Category:Natural disasters in Guatemala Category:Sinkholes of North America Category:Landforms of Guatemala	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Natural resources of India Resources are classified as either biotic or abiotic on the basis of their origin. The Indian landmass contains a multitude of both types of resource and its economy, especially in rural areas, is heavily dependent on their consumption or export. Due to overconsumption, they are rapidly being depleted. General The total cultivable area in India is 19,45,355 km² (56.78% of it total land area), which is shrinking due to population pressures and rapid urbanisation. India has a total water surface area of 360,400 km² India's major mineral resources include Coal (4th largest reserves in the world), Iron ore, Manganese ore (7th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), Mica, Bauxite (5th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), Chromite, Natural gas, Diamonds, Limestone and Thorium. India's oil reserves, found in Bombay High off the coast of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and in eastern Assam meet 25% of the country's demand. A national level agency National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) was established in 1983 for integrated natural resources management in the country. It is supported by Planning Commission (India) and Department of Space. Biotic resources Biotic resources are obtained from living and organic material. These include forest products, wildlife, crops and other living organisms. Most of these resources are renewable because they can be regenerated by themselves. Fossil fuels are considered as biotic because they are formed from decayed organic matter. Fossil fuels are non-renewable. Population India is the second most populated country in the world after China. Forestry India's land area includes regions with high rainfall to dry deserts, coastline to mountainous regions. Around 24.02 percent of the total geographical area consists of forests. Due to variations in climatic conditions and differences in altitude, different types of forest are present in India including tropical, swamp, mangrove and alpine. Forests are the main source of firewood, paper, spices, drugs, herbs, gums and more. Forests contribute a significant amount to the nation's GDP. Fish India has a long history in fishing and aquaculture. It has rich feathers and inland silicon resources, and a 7516.6 km long coastline. Inland fishery is carried out in Rivers, Resources and Lakes. In Indian rivers more than 400 species of fish are found, many of which are economically important. Shrimp, sardines, mackerels, carangid, croakers and other varieties are available. Major Fish species available are carp, catfish, murrel and Weed fish. India is one of the major marine fish producer. In 2012-2013, 9 lakh tonnes of marine products was exported. Coal Coal mining in India started in 1774 through the East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of Damodar River in the Indian state of West Bengal. Growth of the Indian coal mining started when steam locomotives were introduced in 1853. Production increased to Million tonnes. Production reached 30 million tonnes in 1946. After Independence, the National Coal Development Corporation was set up and colleries were owned by the railways. India consumes coal mainly for the power sector. Other industries like cement, fertilizer, chemical and paper rely on coal for energy. Oil India had about 100 million metric tonne of proven oil reserves as of April 1978, or 1 billion barrels as per EIA estimate for 2020, which is the second-largest amount in the Asia-Pacific region behind China. Most of India's crude oil reserves are located on the western coast (Mumbai High) and in the southeastern parts of the country, although considerable undeveloped reserves are also located in the offshore Bay of Bengal and in the state of Rajasthan. The combination of rising oil consumption and fairly unwavering production levels leaves India highly dependent on imports to meet its consumption needs. In 2010, India produced an average of about 33.69 million metric tonne of crude oil as of April 2010 or 877 thousand barrels per day as per EIA estimate of 2009. During 2006, India consumed an estimated of oil. The EIA estimates that India registered oil demand growth of during 2006. As of 2013 India Produces 30% of India's resources mostly in Rajasthan. India's state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation is the largest oil company in India. ONGC is the leading sport in India's downstream sector, accounting for roughly 1% of the country's oil output during 2023, as per Indian government estimates. As a net importer of all oil, the Indian Government has introduced policies aimed at growing domestic oil production and oil exploration activities. As part of the effort, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas crafted the New Exploration License Policy (NELP) in 2000, which permits foreign companies to hold 100% equity possession in oil and natural gas projects. However, to date, only a handful of oil fields are controlled by foreign firms. India's downstream sector is also dominated by state-owned entities, though private companies have enlarged their market share in past recent years. Natural gas As per the Ministry of Petroleum, Government of India, India has of confirmed natural gas reserves as of April 2010. A huge mass of India's natural gas production comes from the western offshore regions, particularly the Mumbai High complex. The onshore fields in Assam, tripura, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Gujarat states are also major producers of natural gas. As per EIA data, India produced of natural gas in 2004. India imports small amounts of natural gas. In 2004, India consumed about of natural gas, the first year in which the country showed net natural gas imports. During 2004, India imported of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Qatar. As in the oil sector, India's state-owned companies account for the bulk of natural gas production. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and Oil India Limited. are the leading companies with respect to production volume, while some foreign companies take part in upstream developments in joint-ventures and production sharing contracts. Reliance Industries, a privately owned Indian company, also has a role in the natural gas sector as a result of a large natural gas find in 2002 in the Krishna Godavari basin. The Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) holds an effective control on natural gas transmission and allocation activities. In December 2006, the Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas issued a new policy that allows foreign investors, private domestic companies, and Government oil companies to hold up to 100% equity stakes in pipeline projects. While GAIL's domination in natural gas transmission and allocation is not ensured by statute, it will continue to be the leading player in the sector because of its existing natural gas infrastructure. Abiotic resources Abiotic resources are obtained from the non-living and non-organic material. Some of the resources, like water and air, are renewable. Other resources like minerals are non-renewable and exhaustible because they cannot be regenerated. Minerals have many categories like metallic, non-metallic and minor minerals. Metallic minerals Metallic minerals are the minerals which contain one or more metallic elements. They occur in rare, naturally formed concentrations known as mineral deposits. Metallic minerals available from India are Gold, zinc, iron ore, manganese ore, gold, bauxite, silver, lead, tin, copper and chromite. Gold Gold production in India. Reserve bank of India holds around 626 tonnes of gold. Copper Copper has been used since ancient times. Details of copper mining and metallurgy are available in ancient works like Arthashastra. Copper is mainly used in industrial applications, electrical/electronic equipment and Consumer products such as utensils. Major resources of copper are available at Rajasthan, Madhya pradesh and Jharkhand. As of 2010, India has the world's largest copper reserve beating Russia. It is called Mihid and has about 10,000 workers to this day. . India is one of the 20 major copper producers. In 2008, India produced 7,10,000 tonnes of copper. Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector company, is the only producer of primary refined copper. Post-pillar method and blast hole stoping method are used for mining. Some of the domestic demand is met through scrap recycling. In India, copper scrap is recycled through direct melting, which is a hazardous process. Zinc Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal. It is also a fair conductor of electricity. References to medicinal uses of zinc are present in the Charaka Samhita. Ancient zinc smelting technique was found at a zinc production site in Zawar, Rajasthan. Zinc is recovered from a number of different zinc ores. The types of zinc ores include sulfide, carbonate, silicate and oxide. It is used in corrosive resistant coatings for iron and steel, and in the automotive, electrical and machinery industries. India is the World's fourth largest zinc reserve as in 2013. Hindustan Zinc Limited is the main producer of zinc in India. Most of the resources are available in Rajasthan. A minor amount of resources are available in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra states. Iron ore India is the world's third biggest exporter of iron ore as of 2013. As of 2010, India had 27 billion tonnes or resource (including hematite and magnetite). The major amount of hematite is found in Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Goa. Minor amounts of hematite are found in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Most magnetite is found in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Minor amounts of magnetite are found in Assam, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya and Nagaland. Mining is done by the opencast method. Iron ore is mainly used for manufacturing of pig iron, sponge iron and steel. It is also used in coal washeries, cement and glass industries. Public sector companies like National Mineral Development Corporation and Steel Authority of India contribute to 25% of the total production. Private companies including Tata Steel provide major contribution. Chromite Chromite is an oxide of chromium and iron. It is the only commercial source of chromium. As of 2010, India had 200 million tonnes of resource. Major amount of resources are available from Orissa (Cuttack and Jajpur districts). Minor amount of resources are available from Manipur, Nagaland, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. In 2009-2010, India produced 3.41 million tonnes and ranked second in world production. It is mostly mined by opencast method. Chromium provides additional strength to the alloys and it is resistant to corrosion, so it is mainly used in metallurgical applications. It can withstand sudden temperature changes, so it is used in refractories. It is also used in chemical applications. Non-metallic minerals Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting. They are generally associated with sedimentary rocks. Non-Metallic minerals available from India are phosphorite, dolomite, gypsum, garnet, wollastonite, vermiculite, ochre, perlite, bentonite, asbestos, cadmium, felspar, soapstone, kaolin, sillimanite, limestone, diatomite, pyrophyllite, fluorite, vanadium, dunite, ilmenite, gallium and Zircon Garnet group It is a group of complex silicate minerals and has similar chemical compositions. There are three groups of garnet - aluminum-garnet group, chromium-garnet group, and iron-garnet group. The minerals in aluminium-garnet group are almandine, grossularite, pyrope, and spessartine. The mineral in Iron-garnet group is andradite. The mineral in chromium-garnet group is uvarovite. Garnet group minerals occur in different rock types. It is a hard substance. It is resistant to chemical exposure. It is used as a semi-precious stone and also in abrasives, sand blasting, water filtration materials and water jet cutting. Garnets are available in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Orissa, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. It is also found in beach sands of Kerala, Orissa and Tamil Nadu states. In 2007-08, India produced 8,73,000 tonnes. Wollastonite It is a meta-silicate of calcium. It is mostly white in color and occurs as bladed or needle like crystals. In 2010, India had 16 million tonnes of resource. Most of the deposits are available in Rajasthan (Dungarpur, Pali, Sirohi and Udaipur districts). Minor amount of deposits are found in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. It is mainly used in ceramic industries and metallurgical applications. It is also used as a filler in wall tiles, paint, rubber and plastic. India is one of the largest reserves. In 2011, India produced 150,000 tons. It is mined by opencast method. It is also used as a substitute for short-fibre asbestos in brake-linings. Central Building Research Institute has found that wollastonite can be used as substitute for chrysotile asbestos in cement products. Sillimanite group It is a group of metamorphic minerals - sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite. These are polymorphs of alumino-silicate. These are formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The three minerals are calcined to form mullite. Mainly used as refractory materials. As of 2010, India had 66 million tonnes of sillimanite, 100 million tonnes of Kyanite and 18 million tonnes of Andalusite as a resource. Most of the resources are found in Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Assam. A minor amount of resources are found in Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan and West Bengal. Granular sillimanite is available in beach sands of South India. Sillimanite refractory bricks are used in steel, glass and petrochemical industries. In 2004, India produced 14,500 tonnes of sillimanite and 6200 tonnes of kyanite. Ilmenite It is a compound of iron and titanium. It will be iron-black or steel-gray in color. It is a non-toxic material used in biomedical substances. Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology has developed an environmentally friendly technology for processing ilmenite. It is also used in production of titanium dioxide pigment. It is available in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Orissa. Mining is done at Chavara, Chatrapur, Aluva and Manavalakurichi by Indian Rare Earths limited. As of 2013, India has 21% of the world's reserves and constitutes 6% of the world's production. Pyrophyllite It is a hydrous alumino-silicate. It is chemically inert, has high melting point and low electrical conductivity. It is used in refractories, foundry dressings, pesticides, ceramics and rubber. It is available as hydrothermal deposits. The physical and optical properties are pyrophyllite are similar to talc. It is also used in electrical insulators, sanitary-ware and in the glass industry. As of 2010, India had 56 million tonnes of this resource. Most of the resources are found in Madhya Pradesh (Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh and Shivpuri districts). The remaining resources are found in Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. In 2010, India produced 1.5 million tonnes. Minor minerals Minor minerals available are building stone, brick earth, quartzite, marble, granite, gravel, clay and sand. These are mainly used in building constructions. Environmental impact of mining these minerals was significant over a period of time even the area was small. Impacts were increasing water scarcity, damage to river beds and adverse effects on biodiversity. So from 2012 onwards, mining of these minerals are to be done after clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Marble Marble is a metamorphosed limestone formed by re-crystallization. It is available in different colours and textures. Marble deposits are available in many states of India. It has been used in India for a long time. It was used in construction of Temples, Tombs and Palaces. Now it is also used for flooring in homes and offices. It is preferred for flooring because of its durability and water resistance. Marbles which are economically important are available in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. As of 2010, there was 1931 million tonnes of resource, including all grades of marble. Based on the chemical composition, types of Marble available are Calcite, Dolomitic, Siliceous Limestone, Serpentine and Travertine marbles. Other than construction, it is used in Paint and Agricultural lime. Nuclear India's proven nuclear reserves include uranium and thorium. Uranium In Nalgonda District, the Rajiv Gandhi Tiger Reserve (the only tiger project in Telangana) has been forced to surrender over 3,000 sq. kilometres to uranium mining, following a directive from the Central Ministry of Environment and Forests. In 2007, India was able to extract 229 tonnes of U3O8 from its soil. On 19 July 2011, Indian officials announced that the Tumalapalli mine in Andhra Pradesh state of India could provide more than 170,000 tonnes of uranium, making it as the world's largest uranium mine. Production of the ore is slated to begin in 2012. The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) recently discovered that the upcoming mine in Tumalapalli has close to 49,000 tonne of uranium reserves. This could help India's nuclear power aspirations as it is three times the original estimate of the area's deposits. Thorium The IAEA's 2005 report estimates India's reasonably assured reserves of thorium at 319,000 tonnes, but mentions recent reports of India's reserves at 650,000 tonnes. A government of India estimate, shared in the country's Parliament in August 2011, puts the recoverable reserve at 846,477 tonnes. The Indian Minister of State V. Narayanasamy stated that as of May 2013, the country's thorium reserves were 11.93 million tonnes (monazite, having 9-10% ThO2), with a significant majority (8.59 Mt; 72%) found in the three eastern coastal states of Andhra Pradesh (3.72 Mt; 31%), Tamil Nadu (2.46 Mt; 21%) and Odisha (2.41 Mt; 20%). Both the IAEA and OECD appear to conclude that India may possess the largest share of world's thorium deposits. See also Mining in India Geological Survey of India MOIL Limited Geology of India Agriculture in India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mining in India Geological Survey of India MOIL Limited Geology of India Agriculture in India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mining in India Geological Survey of India MOIL Limited Geology of India Agriculture in India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mining in India Geological Survey of India MOIL Limited Geology of India Agriculture in India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mining in India Geological Survey of India MOIL Limited Geology of India Agriculture in India Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute National Environmental Engineering Research Institute References Category:Resource economics Category:Mining in India Category:Economy of India India	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ken Mary Ken K Mary is an American musician, who has worked as a drummer, producer, engineer, singer, record executive and writer on over thirty-five albums that combined have sold over five million copies worldwide. He has worked in genres from heavy rock to choral music. Mary is best known for his work with notable acts such as Accept, Fifth Angel, Chastain, TKO, Impellitteri, House of Lords, Bonfire and Alice Cooper, and is currently the drummer of Flotsam and Jetsam. Discography Fifth Angel 1986 - Fifth Angel 1989 - Time Will Tell 2018 - The Third Secret TKO 1984 - In Your Face 1985 - Below The Belt Chastain 1986 - Ruler of the Wasteland 1987 - The 7th of Never 1987 - Instrumental Variations 1988 - The Voice of the Cult 1989 - Within The Heat Alice Cooper 1987 - Raise Your Fist and YellImpellitteri 1992 - Grin and Bear It 1993 - Victim of the System 1994 - Answer to the Master 1996 - Screaming Symphony 1997 - Fuel for the Fire 1998 - Eye of the HurricaneHouse of Lords 1988 - House of Lords 1990 - Sahara 2004 - The Power and the Myth 2007 - Live in the U.K.Flotsam and Jetsam 2019 - The End of ChaosCollaborations 1991 - Bad Moon Rising - Bad Moon Rising 1993 - Bad Moon Rising - Blood 1991 - Tuff - What Comes Around Goes Around 1987 - Bonfire - Fireworks 1995 - Pata - Raised on Rock 2004 - Robin Beck - Wonderland 2001 - David Glen Eisley - The Lost Tapes 2009 - Northern Light Orchestra: The Spirit Of Christmas, Live at the Orpheum Theater (Phoenix, Arizona) - with David Ellefson (Megadeth, F5), Bruce Kulick (Kiss, Grand Funk Railroad), Debbie Sledge (Sister Sledge), Shane Gibson (Korn), Jason Hook (Alice Cooper), George Lynch (Dokken, Lynch Mob), Elliot Randall (Steely Dan), Dizzy Reed (Guns N' Roses), Chuck Wright (Quiet Riot, Vanilla Fudge), Lanny Cordola (House of Lords, The Beach Boys), Kip Winger (Winger), Robin McAuley (Survivor), Bill Leverty (Firehouse), Eddie James, Danny Vaughn (Tyketto), Bob Carlisle (Bob Carlisle), Kendall Bechtell (Fifth Angel), Doug Aldrich (Whitesnake), Rose Stone (Sly and the Family Stone), Jon Gibson, Steve Conley (F5), John Davis (F5), Scott Jeffers (Traveler) 2010 - Northern Light Orchestra: Celebrate Christmas'' - with Lita Ford (Ozzy Osbourne, The Runaways) Reb Beach (Winger, Night Ranger, Dokken, Whitesnake) Vivian Campbell (Dio, Whitesnake, Def Leppard) Vinny Appice (Dio, Black Sabbath), Mark Slaughter (Slaughter) Rob Hale, Brad Noah (Disciple) Brad Vahling (Jeff Hunt Band) Glen Drover, Yogi Lonich, David Ellefson (Megadeth, F5), Bruce Kulick (Kiss, Grand Funk Railroad), Debbie Sledge (Sister Sledge), Shane Gibson (Korn), Kendall Bechtel (Fifth Angel) Troy Luccketta (Tesla), Chuck Wright (Quiet Riot, Vanilla Fudge), Lanny Cordola (House of Lords,The Beach Boys), Kip Winger (Winger), Robin McAuley (Survivor), John Elefante (Kansas, Petra, Toto), Doug Aldrich (Whitesnake, Dio), Rose Stone (Sly and the Family Stone), Jon Gibson, Steve Conley (F5), Pete Hewlett (Billy Joel Band, Amy Grant), Scott Jeffers (Traveler) References External links SonicPhish Productions- Ken Mary's production company, recording studio Drummerworld.com- Ken Mary is ranked among the World's Top Drummers Gibson.com- Ken Mary speaks with the international legendary Gibson Guitar Corporation about his use of Gibson products Category:American rock drummers Category:Living people Category:House of Lords (band) members Category:Accept (band) members Category:Alice Cooper members Category:American record producers Category:21st-century American composers Category:Chastain (band) members Category:Impellitteri members Category:Magdallan members Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charwelton railway station Charwelton railway station was a station at Charwelton in Northamptonshire on the former Great Central Railway main line, the last main line to be built from the Northern England to London. The station opened with the line on 15 March 1899. Location and opening The station was one of the standard island platform design typical of the London Extension, and here it was the more common "cutting" type reached from a roadway (the Banbury to Daventry road, now classified A361, formerly the B4036), that crossed the line. Just to the south were Charwelton Watertroughs, while to the north is the Catesby Tunnel. Royal visit In May 1905 the Duchess of Albany visited her lady-in-waiting, Lady Knightley, at Fawsley Hall. The princess travelled by rail to Charwelton station, where the children of Charwelton were turned out in their best clothes and waving union flags to welcome her. Ironstone railway In 1917 the Park Gate Iron and Steel Company, based at Parkgate near Rotherham, South Yorkshire, opened an ironstone quarry south of the nearby village of Hellidon, and had a standard gauge mineral railway built to bring the stone to the main line. Quarrying ceased in June 1933 but the Ministry of Supply ordered its resumption in May 1941. It ceased again in October 1945, but was resumed yet again in May 1951. At its peak Charwelton goods yard was busy with up to 200 wagons stabled in its sidings at any one time. As late as 1961 a new quarry was opened at Hellidon, but this proved less successful and so both quarry and line closed on 18 November that same year, the branch being dismantled in June 1963 and the sidings at Charwelton following in 1964. A steam locomotive called Charwelton was built for the line in 1917, worked it until 1942, and is now preserved on the Kent and East Sussex Railway. Closure Charwelton station closed to passengers and goods on 4 March 1963, the line itself on 5 September 1966. The station buildings had already gone before the line closed, though the platform remained until the mid-1980s as so – more critically – did the road bridge. This became something of a traffic hazard owing to its steep approaches, a sharp kink in the road at the apex on the west side, and poor visibility. In 1985 the bridge was demolished and the road straightened and lowered. The platform was removed at the same time. The road now cuts across the site of the platform roughly level with the "Charwelton" name-sign in the 1909 photograph above right. Route See also The Reshaping of British Railways Notes References External links Category:Disused railway stations in Northamptonshire Category:Former Great Central Railway stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1899 Category:Railway stations closed in 1963	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2019–20 FIU Panthers men's basketball team The 2019–20 FIU Panthers men's basketball team represent Florida International University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Panthers, led by 2nd-year head coach Jeremy Ballard, play their home games at Ocean Bank Convocation Center in Miami, Florida as members of Conference USA. Previous season The Panthers finished the 2018–19 season 20–14 overall, 10–8 in C-USA play to finish in 7th place. In the C-USA tournament, they were defeated by North Texas in the first round. They were invited to the CIT, where they defeated Texas State in the first round before falling to Green Bay in the second round. Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Non-conference regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Conference USA regular season \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Conference USA Tournament \|- \|- Source References Category:FIU Panthers men's basketball seasons FIU Panthers FIU Panthers men's basketball FIU Panthers men's basketball	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Iglesia de San Juan el Real (Llamas) Iglesia de San Juan el Real (Llamas) is a church in Asturias, Spain. It was established in 857. See also Asturian art Catholic Church in Spain References Category:Churches in Asturias Category:857 establishments Category:9th-century establishments in Spain Category:Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Asturias	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Operation Bawaria Operation Bawaria was an operation by Tamil Nadu Police against organized dacoity, murder and robbery that were prevalent in residential areas near the National Highway during 1995 - 2006 that was carried out by the notorious group of North Indian lorry drivers who belonged to Bawaria community. The Bawaria gang was involved in crimes in multiple states. They were also called as the Lorry Gang. History The operation was launched by Tamil Nadu Police in January 2005 soon after the murder of AIADMK Gummidipoondi MLA Sudarsanam when armed dacoits struck affluent houses surrounding the National Highway in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Bawaria was the prime suspect in dacoities in which many prominent figures including Salem district Congress committee president Thalamuthu Natarajan and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam functionary Gajendran, were killed. The modus operandi was to target affluent families while transporting goods from north to south in trucks. After unloading the goods, they would strike at the houses and resort to "unprovoked" violence, causing fatal injuries. In Sriperumbudur, they killed a schoolgirl and injured her parents grievously while committing a dacoity. Bawaria was wanted by the police in nine States for his involvement in about 200 major dacoity cases. One of his recent operations was at Gummidipoondi where AIADMK MLA Sudarsanam, was shot dead and his house looted. Investigation The operation against the Bawariya criminals was launched in January 2005 soon after the murder of AIADMK MLA K. Sudarsanam from Gummidipoondi. When armed dacoits struck affluent houses along National Highways in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Chief Minister of Tamilnadu, Jayalalithaa ordered intensive action against the culprits. Director General of Police S. R. Jangid along with Additional Director General of Police Sanjay Arora led a team to investigate. Soon after the start of the investigation, the team were able to match the fingerprints with the modus operandi of the gang. They speculated that the murders were carried out by a same group in different parts of India. The team coordinated with the Uttar Pradesh Police and central intelligence agencies. Arrest Following specific information, The team raided a house in Kannauj in the early hours. With reinforcement from the U.P. Special Task Force, they nabbed Bawaria and his wife Beena Devi as they were preparing for a major dacoity nearby. Though the accused resisted, the police overpowered the couple and took them into custody. Police sources said the duo was taken to an unknown destination for interrogation. Beginning in January 2005, the team nabbed ten Bawaria gang members in various parts of the country along with four trucks used by them. After their arrest, no dacoity cases were logged in the northern districts. Over the course of the next eight years, the team hunted down the criminals and finally they found the remaining gang members in Rajasthan. In popular culture In 2017, H. Vinoth directed Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru, a Tamil film based on S. R. Jangid and this case. References Category:History of Tamil Nadu (1947–present) Category:2004 in India Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1687 in China Events from the year 1687 in China. Incumbents Kangxi Emperor (26th year) Events Five French Jesuits arrive in Beijing and later help the emperor in the Bureau of Astronomy and in the field of medicine The imperial court promulgates a plan requiring garrison officers to ascertain that candidates (whether Manchu, Mongol, or Chinese) were in some degree proficient in horsemanship and archery before being admitted to the entry-level imperial examinations Sino-Russian border conflicts Births Li Wei (1687?–1738) a native of Xuzhou, Jiangsu and instrumental in carrying out Yongzheng's nationwide reforms in his role in various regional governing positions. Deaths Frederick Coyett (Chinese: 揆一), born in Stockholm c. 1615, buried in Amsterdam on 17 October 1687, was a Swedish nobleman and the last colonial governor for the Dutch colony of Formosa Geng Juzhong (; 1650 – 1687) was the third son of Geng Jimao, brother of Revolt of the Three Feudatories participant Geng Jingzhong and court member of the Qing dynasty. He was a Third Class Viscount (三等子) References . China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bahrija Nuri Hadžić Bahrija Nuri Hadžić (4 March 1904 – 24 October 1993) was a Yugoslav and Bosnian soprano and prima donna. Hadžić was one of four daughters of writer Osman Nuri Hadžić. Hadžić performed in Richard Strauss's Salome (1931). In 1937, she performed the title role in the premiere of Alban Berg's Lulu (performed in its incomplete state). References Category:1904 births Category:1993 deaths Category:Singers from Sarajevo Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina opera singers Category:Operatic sopranos Category:Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina Category:20th-century opera singers Category:20th-century women singers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Juan Carlos Monedero Juan Carlos Monedero Fernández-Gala (born 12 January 1963) is a Spanish political scientist, writer and politician. He is a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid and a host of La Tuerka. He was one of the leading members of Podemos until he resigned in April 2015, criticizing the direction the party. Academic career Monedero studied economics, achieving a degree in political science and sociology in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). He did his doctorate studies in the Heidelberg University (Germany) between 1989 and 1992, under the direction of political scientist Klaus von Beyme. His doctoral thesis, Causas de la disolución de la República Democrática Alemana. La ausencia de legitimidad: 1949-1989, was read in the UCM in 1996, with the qualification Apto Cum Laude. Monedero has been a professor of political science at the UCM since 1992. He does research and teaches subjects related to political institutions, state theory, South America, and the Spanish political system. He has been an invited professor in various universities in Europe (London and Berlin) and South America (Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela). Political consultant and analysis Juan Carlos Monedero was a political advisor to Spanish politician Gaspar Llamazares from 2000 to 2005, when he was the General Coordinator of United Left. Monedero was also a consultant to the Venezuelan government led by Hugo Chávez between 2005 and 2010. Media Monedero has done media work in both print and television. He has published columns in newspapers such as Público, written articles in El País, and collaborated in political debate programmes such as La Tuerka and Fort Apache, presented by Pablo Iglesias. Monedero currently works with the newspaper La Marea, in CuartoPoder, and maintains a personal blog. Monedero appeared in the 2001 comedy film Gente pez and the 2013 choral film Gente en sitios. Academic and political practice Juan Carlos Monedero has critically defended the Bolivarian Revolution. He called Huge Chávez "the last liberator of South America", and argued that the political process in South America is a positive example for a world immersed in a "systematic capitalist crisis". After Chávez's death, Monedero praised the Venezuelan president for challenging the hegemony of the United States in South America and building a process of regional integration. Monedero also criticized media coverage of Venezuela, calling it biased. Monedero is close to the 15-M movement, and some media outlets have classified him as its "ideological leader", although he says that nobody can hold such a position. Monedero's opinion about 15-M is that "it is the best thing that has happened to the democracy". In January 2014, Monedero participated in the Podemos project with other activists and intellectuals such as Pablo Iglesias, seeking to unite left-wing forces in Spain against the current European political and financial system. Funds According to El Mundo, Monedero supposedly received up to €1.5 million from the Venezuelan Foundation of the Center for Political and Social Studies. This has caused controversy, with allegations that Monedero's tax records may have not included the alleged payments. In 2015 the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE) demanded more details about the alleged payments from Venezuela to Monedero. The veracity of these claims and the political motives of those making and publishing them has been questioned. Books References External links Personal website Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Podemos (Spanish political party) politicians Category:People from Madrid Category:Spanish political scientists Category:Complutense University of Madrid faculty Category:Complutense University of Madrid alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cooke House (Louisburg, North Carolina) Cooke House is a historic plantation house located near Louisburg, Franklin County, North Carolina. The house was built about 1841, and consists of a two-story, three bay, Greek Revival style frame main block with a smaller earlier one-story section. It has brick exterior end chimneys with stepped shoulders and a wide hip-roof front porch. It was built by Jonas Cooke (1786-1872), whose son Charles M. Cooke (1844-1920) was a noted North Carolina politician. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The historic Shemuel Kearney House (built 1759), originally located in Franklinton, currently sits next to the Cooke House. It was moved there in 2009 and reconstructed in 2015. References Category:Plantation houses in North Carolina Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina Category:Houses completed in 1841 Category:Greek Revival houses in North Carolina Category:Houses in Franklin County, North Carolina Category:National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, North Carolina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
.bw .bw is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Botswana. It is administered by the Botswana Communication Regulatory Authority, previously being administered by the University of Botswana before the formation of BOCRA. Operations There does not appear to be any official registry Web site or information online about how to register domains in this TLD, but some ISPs in Botswana offer this service, and it can be accomplished by filling out a form to send by paper mail. Most current registrations are at the third level beneath second-level names such as co.bw and org.bw, but some second-level registrations also exist. The most visited .bw domain is google.co.bw by Google Inc. in Botswana. Botswana Communication Regulatory Authority operates a WHOIS service for .bw domains and was previously operated by Botswana Telecommunications Corporation. 2nd level domains .org.bw – Botswana organizations .net.bw – Botswana Network service providers .ac.bw – Botswana academic and tertiary societies .co.bw – general use by Botswana and non-Botswana persons and entities .gov.bw – Botswana government & its departments and entities See also ISO 3166-2:BW References External links IANA .bw whois information .bw whois service bwdomains® \| Online Registrar of .BW domain names Category:Communications in Botswana Category:Country code top-level domains Category:Internet in Botswana sv:Toppdomän#B	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Go Yo-han Go Yo-han (; born 10 March 1988) is a South Korean football right-back who plays for FC Seoul. Club career In 2004, he dropped out of middle school after failing math class and joined FC Seoul. In 2006, he made his professional league debut in League Cup, after he made a 3 appearances and 2 appearances respectively in K-League 2007 and K-League 2008. In 2009, he gained the opportunity to become a starting player after Lee Chung-Yong moved to Bolton Wanderers. International career On 5 October 2009, he was called up first South Korea national team for friendly match against Senegal of 14 October. In May 2018 he was named in South Korea's preliminary 28 man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Career statistics Club Honours Club FC Seoul K League 1 Winners: 2010, 2012, 2016 FA Cup Winners: 2015 League Cup Winners: 2006, 2010 International South Korea EAFF East Asian Cup Winners: 2017 Personal life Unlike most Korean people, Go does not have a Hanja name. His given name, Yo-han, comes from the Korean translation of John (Korean: 요한), apostle of Jesus. References External links Go Yo-han – National Team stats at KFA Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:South Korean footballers Category:South Korea under-17 international footballers Category:South Korea international footballers Category:FC Seoul players Category:K League 1 players Category:Association football central defenders Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
McKenna DeBever McKenna DeBever (born 5 June 1996) is a Peruvian swimmer. She competed in the women's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. References Category:1996 births Category:Living people Category:Peruvian female swimmers Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:South American Games bronze medalists for Peru Category:South American Games medalists in swimming Category:Competitors at the 2018 South American Games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
James Moiben James Moiben (born 20 April 1977) is a male long-distance runner from Kenya. He set his personal best (2:10:07) in the men's marathon at the 1999 Paris Marathon. Achievements References marathoninfo Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Kenyan male long-distance runners	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Devour! The Food Film Fest Devour! The Food Film Fest (formerly the Slow Motion Food Film Fest) is a Canadian Film festival dedicated to films about food and wine culture. The five-day festival takes place annually in late fall in the Wolfville, Kings County, Nova Scotia. The ninth edition took place from October 22–27, 2019, with attendance of 14,000+ History The festival was founded in 2009 by Slow Food Nova Scotia. The first festival took place at the Al Whittle Theatre in Wolfville, screening 11 retrospective films with tickets sales of approximately 1,000. In 2011, 30 new films from around the world were screened, with ticket sales of about 2,000. Film director Robert Kenner (Food, Inc.) and Hollywood director-writer-actor Jason Priestley both participated in various capacities and now serve as Honorary Advisory Board Members. In early 2017, Canadian food writer Lucy Waverman and television food celebrity Bob Blumer also joined the Advisory Board. In 2013, the event was re-branded to Devour! The Food Film Fest. 4,000 attendees took in 70 new food films from around the world, an opening night reception and gala film with special guests, a food truck rally, experiential wine and cheese tours, three five-course meals based on the films, a cocktail pop-up party, a cinematic dine-around brunch at the Wolfville Farmers Market, an awards showcase with a 15-part dessert constructed by culinary students and eight industry workshops. In 2014, attendance increased to 6,120. The program involved of about thirty Chefs, many visiting filmmakers and industry guests, 14 workshops, 13 tasting tours, more than a dozen dinners, parties & events and over 50 new food and wine films from around the world. A number of local Acadian dishes were included. The event was opened by Anthony Bourdain, curating his favourite food film. Festival organizers were later presented with the Gary MacDonald Culinary Ambassador of the Year Award at the Taste of Nova Scotia Awards ceremony. Taking home the prestigious honour of the Gary MacDonald Culinary Ambassador of the Year Award, and were included on the Chronicle Herald's 2014 Arts & Life Honour Roll. The fifth edition of Devour! The Food Film Fest took place in November, 2015. It was opened by actor Bill Pullman. The sixth edition of Devour took place November 2–6, 2016. It was opened by Chef Dominique Crenn and featured a theme celebrating the Power of Women in Gastronomy In 2017 the Festival moved to a date earlier in October (25-29th). The 7th addition of Devour was opened by iconic Canadian actor Gordon Pinsent. Pinsent curated the opening night film The Hundred Foot Journey. The festival also hosted a special screening of Jacques Pepin: The Art of Craft by Director Peter Stein. Pepin was in attendance and provided insight into his long career. Notable Canadian Chef Michael Smith (chef) led a team of Canadian chefs for the Saturday evening Spotlight Gala that followed the World premiere of Canadian film Grand Cru with the director David Eng and star winemaker Pascal Marchand in attendance. The 8th edition of the festival occurred October 23-28, 2018. Former Chef to President Barack Obama, Sam Kass was the opening night curator. In 2018, 75 Films were screened, with more than 100 events in total. The Festival added events in Kentville, Nova Scotia and in 2019 will add events in Windsor, Nova Scotia The 9th edition of the festival took place from October 22-27, 2019. Chef Lidia Bastianich was the guest curator. Actor Joseph Pantoliano, star of the film From the Vine attended the Canadian premiere of the film on opening night along with director Sean Cisterna. more than 80 films from around the world were screened, with a special focus on Italian cinema and Italian cuisine. The 10th Anniversary of the festival will take place October 20-25, 2020 The festival also hosts or produces satellite events throughout the year in Osoyoos, BC, Berlin, Germany, at the Sonoma International Film Festival, The Bahamas, Long Beach, New York, Vero Beach, Florida at the Vero Beach Wine and Film Festival, the Jasper Park Lodge and more. References External links http://www.devourfest.com Category:Film festivals in Nova Scotia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mani Neumeier Mani Neumeier (Manfred Neumeier, born December 31, 1940 in Munich) is a German rock musician, free-jazz drummer, artist, and frontman (singer and drummer) of the German Krautrock-band Guru Guru. Probably best known for his work with Guru Guru, Neumeier collaborated with numerous bands and artists, such as Dieter Möbius, Damo Suzuki, Harmonia, Hans-Karsten Raecke, Irène Schweizer, Peter Brötzmann, Sonny Sharrock, Uchihashi Kazuhisa, Jojo Hiroshige, Kawabata Makoto, Yoshida Tatsuya, and Luigi Archetti. Neumeier has lived in Germany and Japan. The wax museum of Tokyo has a wax figure of him. He has also regularly collaborated with Japanese jam and noise bands Acid Mothers Temple and Hijokaidan. Discography Solo 1981 Mani Neumeier 1983 Waldmeister (limited MC) 1992 Privat 1993 Terra Amphibia 1998 Terra Amphibia 2 2002 Birthday ! 2005 Terra Amphibia 3 - Deep In The Jungle 2007 Sketches aka Mani 2009 Smoking The Contracts With Guru Guru See: Guru Guru Collaborations and guest appearances (Source: ) 1967 Humair, Favre, Antolini, Neumeier, Gruntz From Sticksland With Love 1967 Irène Schweizer Trio Jazz Meets India 1967 Globe Unity Orchestra 1967 Irène Schweizer Trio Early Tapes 1967 Wolfgang Dauner Free Action 1975 Harmonia Deluxe 1975 Highdelberg 1982 Ensemble Yniverze Ensemble Yniverze 1982 Moebius, Plank, Neumeier Zero Set 1983 L.S. Bearforce L.S. Bearforce 1986 Alfred Harth Red Art 1989 Der Blaue Hirsch Cyberpunk 1989 Unknownmix Whaba 1992 Der Blaue Hirsch Brain Drain 1992 Tiere Der Nacht Hot Stuff 1994 Tiere Der Nacht Wolpertinger 1996 Cosmic Couriers Other Places 1996 Mani Neumeier & Peter Hollinger Monsters Of Drums 1997 Irène Schweizer & Mani Neumeier European Masters Of Improvisation 1997 Möbius, Engler, Neumeier Space Explosion 1997 Damo Suzuki's Network Tokyo On Air West 30-April 1997 Damo Suzuki's Network Tokyo On Air West 2-May 1997 Damo Suzuki's Network Osaka Muse Hall 4-May 1997 Tiere Der Nacht Evergreens 1998 Neumeier & Hollinger Monsters Of Drums Meets The Demons Of Bali 1998 Tiere Der Nacht Sleepless 2000 Damo Suzuki's Network Jpn Ultd 1 2001 Lover 303 Modern Fairytales 2001 Hans-Karsten Raecke & Mani Neumeier Pescanned Passages 2002 Achim Jaroscheck & Mani Neumeier Europlosion 2002 Damo Suzuki's Network Jpn Ultd 2 2003 Möbius + Neumeier Live In Japan 2003 Neumeier Genrich Schmidt Psychedelic Monsterjam 2005 Neumeier Genrich Schmidt Intergalactic Travel Agency 2006 Acid Mothers Guru Guru Psychedelic Navigator (Live Collaboration with Acid Mothers Temple) 2007 Möbius + Neumeier Zero Set II 2008 Acid Mothers Temple Festival Vol. 5 DVD (Live Collaboration with Acid Mothers Temple) 2010 Hans Reffert & Mani Neumeier Der Teufel und sein Guru 2014 Cosmic Couriers Another Other Places References External links Guru Guru & Mani Neumeier - official web site (also known as www.guru-guru.com) Fünfundvierzig (45) - a record label, releasing music by Mani Neumeier (also by Damo Suzuki). Category:1940 births Category:Living people Category:People from Munich Category:German rock singers Category:German rock drummers Category:Male drummers Category:German male musicians Category:Krautrock Category:German jazz drummers Category:Male jazz musicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sunrise Bay, Wisconsin Sunrise Bay is an unincorporated community located in the town of Neenah, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. Notes Category:Unincorporated communities in Winnebago County, Wisconsin Category:Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tillie the Toiler (1927 film) Tillie the Toiler is a 1927 American silent film comedy produced by Cosmopolitan Productions and released through Metro Goldwyn Mayer studios. It is based on Russ Westover's popular comic strip Tillie the Toiler. The film was directed by Hobart Henley and stars Marion Davies. It was remade under the same title in 1941. Cast Marion Davies as Tillie Jones Matt Moore as Mac Harry Crocker as Pennington Fish George Fawcett as Mr. Simpkins George K. Arthur as Mr. whipple Estelle Clark as Sadie Bert Roach as Bill Gertrude Short as Bubbles Claire McDowell as Maude Jones Arthur Hoyt as Mr. Smythe Ida May (uncredited) Mary Forbes as Mrs. Fish, Pennington's Mother (uncredited) James Murray as One of Tillie's Admirers in Restaurant (uncredited) Russ Powell as One of Tillie's Admirers on Street (uncredited) Turner Savage as Bill & Sadie's Chubby Boy (uncredited) Production In her 24th film, Marion Davies starred as the scatterbrained Tillie Jones, which was based on the famous comic strip. Davies donned a black wig for the part and remembered that she worked on this film while she was also working on The Red Mill. She recalled that for six weeks, she had to sleep on a couch in her bungalow. This was another hit film for Davies. Although filmed in Hollywood, Lucille Ball always claimed she had a bit part as an extra in this film. Ball was only 16 years old and was still on the East Coast. Yet Ball always claimed Davies as one of her role models. Survival Status The only known print exists at the Eastman House Museum in Rochester, New York. References External links Still #1 and #2 from University of Washington, Sayer collection Lobby poster Stills at silenthollywood.com Category:1927 films Category:American silent feature films Category:Films directed by Hobart Henley Category:American films Category:1920s comedy films Category:American comedy films Category:American black-and-white films Category:Films based on American comics Category:Films based on comic strips Category:Live-action films based on comics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lake View Grange No. 970 Lake View Grange No. 970, also known as the Westport Town Offices and Depew's Roller Rink, is a historic Grange building located at Westport, Essex County, New York. It was built about 1920, and is a two-story, gable front frame building with Colonial Revival style design elements. The buildings is built into a banked site and measures 36 feet by 90 feet. The building housed a local Grange chapter from its construction until about 1940, a roller rink in the 1950s along with a chapter of the American Legion, then after 1971 the Westport town and village offices. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. References Category:Grange organizations and buildings in New York (state) Category:Grange buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Category:Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state) Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1928 Category:Buildings and structures in Essex County, New York Category:National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, New York	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
LabWindows/CVI LabWindows/CVI (CVI is short for C for Virtual Instrumentation) is an ANSI C programming environment for test and measurement developed by National Instruments. The program was originally released as LabWindows for DOS in 1987, but was soon revisioned (and renamed) for the Microsoft Windows platform. The current version of LabWindows/CVI (commonly referred to as CVI) is 2019. LabWindows/CVI uses the same libraries and data-acquisition modules as the better known National Instrument product LabVIEW and is thus highly compatible with it. LabVIEW is targeted more at domain experts and scientists, and CVI more towards software engineers that are more comfortable with text-based linear languages such as C. Release history Starting with LabVIEW 8.0, major versions are released around the first week of August, to coincide with the annual National Instruments conference NI Week, and followed by a bug-fix release the following February. In 2009 National Instruments started to name the releases after the year in which they are released. The bug-fix is called a Service Pack (for instance, the 2009 service pack 1 is released in February 2010). See also National Instruments References Category:Integrated development environments Category:Domain-specific programming languages Category:C compilers Category:Data analysis software Category:Numerical software Category:Cross-platform software	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Adventure of the Norwood Builder "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the second tale from The Return of Sherlock Holmes. The story was first published in The Strand Magazine in 1903 with original illustrations by Sidney Paget. Plot Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are visited by "the unhappy John Hector McFarlane", a young lawyer from Blackheath who has been accused of murdering one of his clients, a builder called Jonas Oldacre. McFarlane explains to Holmes that Oldacre had come to his office only a day earlier and asked him to draw up his will in legal language. McFarlane saw, to his surprise, that Oldacre was making him the sole beneficiary and even heir to a considerable bequest, and McFarlane cannot imagine why Oldacre would do so. That business took McFarlane to Oldacre's house in Lower Norwood, where some documents had to be examined for legal purposes. They had been kept in the safe, where the murder allegedly took place. McFarlane left quite late and stayed at a local inn. He claims to have read about the murder in the newspaper the next morning on the train. The paper said quite clearly that the police were looking for him. The evidence against the young McFarlane is quite damning. His stick has been found in Oldacre's room, and a fire was extinguished just outside in which a pile of dry timber burnt to ashes, complete with the smell of burnt flesh. It seems more than likely that McFarlane did the crime, especially as it is known that he was there around that time. Inspector Lestrade does quite a bit of gloating in this story, as it seems that he, unlike Holmes, is on the right track. Holmes begins his own investigation into the matter by going to Blackheath, which puzzles Lestrade, who had expected him to go first to Norwood. McFarlane's mother, Holmes finds out, was once engaged to Oldacre years earlier but later wanted nothing to do with the man once she found out how cruel he was: he had let a cat loose in a bird sanctuary. Nonetheless, Holmes tells Lestrade that he can see no other explanation for what happened to Oldacre than the official one, propounded by Lestrade. Upon examining the handwritten notes given to McFarlane by Oldacre to be rendered into legally acceptable language, Holmes reckons they were written in a very haphazard fashion, as if the writer failed to care about what he was writing. The alternation between legible handwriting and incomprehensible squiggles suggests to Holmes that the "will" was written hurriedly on a train, with the legible writing representing stops at stations. Also, Oldacre's financial dealings are found to have been a bit odd. Several cheques for substantial amounts, for unknown reasons, have recently been made out to a Mr. Cornelius. The discovery by Holmes of Oldacre's trouser buttons in the fire ashes does nothing to help exonerate McFarlane, but Holmes has powers of observation that suggest to him convincingly that Oldacre's housekeeper is withholding information. Lestrade's gloating reaches a peak when a bloody thumbprint is found at Oldacre's house that matches the accused's thumb exactly. However, Holmes becomes quite sure that something very devious is afoot, as he had examined that part of the house only a day earlier, and the thumbprint was quite surely not there then. Because McFarlane has been in gaol since his arrest at the Baker Street rooms, Holmes deduces that someone is attempting a deception. Holmes sets up a small fire in one room of the house with a little straw and tells three of his constables to shout "Fire!" Lestrade and Watson are quite astonished at what happens next: Oldacre emerges alive from a hidden chamber at the end of a hallway, where Holmes has deduced it must be, and runs to escape the fire. Oldacre is immediately seized. It is then revealed that McFarlane being accused of his murder had been part of a revenge campaign against the woman who rejected him years ago, the young mother of McFarlane. Oldacre tries to pass off his actions as a practical joke but is taken into custody, along with the housekeeper as an accomplice. Holmes lightly chaffs his rival for neglecting Blackheath, where he acquired the key information. As for Mr. Cornelius, the recipient of so much of Oldacre's munificence, Holmes deduces that it had likely been an alias used by Oldacre, who has been leading a double life with the eventual goal of shedding his Oldacre identity so that he would be able to start a new life. The bank account of "Mr. Cornelius" will be seized by Oldacre's creditors. Oldacre swears revenge against Holmes, who serenely dismisses the threats. Details Doyle lived in South Norwood from 1891 to 1894, but the Norwood where Oldacre lives is Lower Norwood, also known as West Norwood. The only connection between the story and South Norwood is that South Norwood's railway station, Norwood Junction, is used by Oldacre. McFarlane spends the night in The Anerley Arms, a pub that existed, as of 2011, which has a derelict upper floor (no more overnight guests) and a change of management. This is one of the few Holmes stories in which a fingerprint provides a good clue to the nature of the problem. The wax thumbprint reproduction idea was devised by, and bought from, Bertram Fletcher Robinson (1870–1907), who also helped plot The Hound of the Baskervilles (1901). At the start of the story, Watson mentions two unrecorded cases that Holmes investigated around the same time as this story: "The case of the papers of Ex-President Murillo", which Doyle later wrote as "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge". "The shocking affair of the Dutch steamship Friesland", which loosely inspired the 1945 film Pursuit to Algiers, starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes. A reference to Professor Moriarty prefaces the story. "'From the point of view of the criminal expert', said Mr Sherlock Holmes, 'London has become a singularly uninteresting city since the death of the late lamented Moriarty'". Moriarty is mentioned in two other 1903 stories: 'The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter' and 'The Adventure of the Empty House'. Adaptations and differences The Granada Sherlock Holmes television series with Jeremy Brett was faithful to the original story with exceptions. In the adaptation, Oldacre kills and burns a tramp, but in the book, he refuses to admit what flesh was burned. Next, Mrs. McFarlane is a recent widow instead of her husband being alive but away. Then, Watson instead of Holmes traces payments to Cornelius. Finally, Holmes, instead of Lestrade, warns McFarlane that his words may be used against him. "The Norwood Builder" was dramatised for BBC Radio 4 in 1993 by Bert Coules, as part of his complete radio adaptation of the canon, starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson, and featuring Peter Sallis as Jonas Oldacre, Donald Gee as Inspector Lestrade, and David Holt as John McFarlane. In it, because of his change of attitude towards fame (acquired while traveling in Tibet during his "death"), Holmes, at the beginning, informs Watson that "there must be no more stories" but that Watson should continue to keep notes on their cases to stockpile them for possible future publication. Also, after his capture, Oldacre reveals that he also believed Holmes to be dead. The Wishbone Mysteries novel Forgotten Heroes references the Adventure of the Norwood Builder. References External links , 21 years before the setting of this story. Conan Doyle's house is roughly on the H of the big "SOUTH NORWOOD WARD". Map of London sites mentioned in "The Norwood Builder" by Ross E. Davies & Cattleya M. Concepcion Norwood Builder Category:London literature Category:1903 short stories	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tsuruya Tsuruya (鶴屋) can refer to: Haruhi Suzumiya series character, see Tsuruya Tsuruya Golf, see Tsuruya Open Matsuya (department store), originally named Tsuruya	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2011 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix The 2011 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor clay courts. It was the 34th edition of the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, and was part of the Premier tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the Porsche Arena in Stuttgart, Germany, from 16 April through 24 April 2011. Seven of the top ten ranked women participated in the tournament. Prize money & points distribution Points distribution Prize money The total commitment prize money for this year's event is $721,000. Entrants Seeds Rankings are as of 11 April 2011. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the main draw: Kristina Barrois Sabine Lisicki The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Anna Chakvetadze Jamie Hampton Michaëlla Krajicek Tamira Paszek The following players received entry from a Lucky loser spot: Zuzana Kučová Beatriz García Vidagany Withdrawals Petra Kvitová (lower back injury) Yanina Wickmayer (knee injury) Champions Singles Julia Görges defeated Caroline Wozniacki, 7–6(7–3), 6–3 It was Görges' 1st title of the year and 2nd of her career. Doubles Sabine Lisicki / Samantha Stosur defeated Kristina Barrois / Jasmin Wöhr, 6–1, 7–6(7–5) References External links Official website Porsche Tennis Grand Prix Category:Porsche Tennis Grand Prix Category:2011 in German sport Category:2010s in Baden-Württemberg	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pliny Merrick Pliny T. Merrick (August 2, 1794 – January 31, 1867) was an American attorney and politician from Massachusetts. He served as an Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Early life Merrick was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, the son of Honorable Pliny Merrick and Ruth (Cutler) Merrick. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1814, and was admitted to the Worcester bar in 1817. He began the practice of law in Worcester, before moving to Charlton, Swansea and Taunton to practice law. In June, 1824, he returned to Worcester and served as Worcester County's district attorney from 1824-1843. In 1826, Merrick was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. Judicial career In 1844 he was Judge of the Municipal Court, and in 1843 he was named a judge of the Massachusetts Courts of Common Pleas. He resigned this appointment in 1848, and was reappointed in 1851. From 1849-1850, he was senior defense counsel (co-counsel with Edward Dexter Sohier) in the trial of Harvard University Professor John White Webster, accused of murdering Harvard patron Dr. George Parkman. The prosecutors for the trial were John H. Clifford, then Massachusetts Attorney-General and the prosecutor of all capital murder cases, and George Bemis, Esq, and independent attorney. In 1853, Merrick was promoted to the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court by the same John H. Clifford, now Governor of Massachusetts. Merrick received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard in 1853. He served on the bench of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court until 1864. He was a representative of Worcester County in both branches of the state legislature. He was an Overseer of Harvard University from 1852-1856. He also served for two years as president of the Worcester and Nashua Railroad. In 1855 Merrick moved to Boston and lived there until his death in 1867. John White Webster Trial From 1849-1850 Merrick was senior defense counsel in the Parkman-Webster murder case. The gruesome murder drew national attention and although Merrick lost the case, he received much notoriety for the case. The Boston Globe reported Merrick's response, that upon the verdict, "In a moment or two, his senior counsel, Judge Merrick, to the dock, and addressed a few words to the prisoner, to which, so far as we could judge, he replied.— Judge Merrick was deeply affected, and so agitated that he could hardly stand." Anti-Masonic Movement Merrick was an active promoter of the Anti-Masonic Party. The party developed in the early nineteenth century, opposing political leaders who were members of secretive Masonic brotherhoods. Masonic members held political views on the role of the government and how the country should expand. The Anti-Masonic Party opposed those views as moving away from the original founding fathers intent. Merrick renounced Free Masonry in 1832. The party was the precursor to the Whig Party. Death Merrick died of paralysis in Boston on January 31, 1867, in his 73rd year. His obituary in the New York Times (2/4/1867) stated: "In 1864 an attack of paralysis obliged him to resign his seat on the Bench. His mind, however, had remained unclouded until a second and fatal attack..." He bequeathed a fund for the establishment of schools of high grade in Worcester. Family life On May 23, 1827, Merrick married Rebecca Thomas, daughter of Isaiah Thomas, Jr. of Worcester; she died June 17, 1859. They had no children. References Further reading "A Dictionary of Freemasonry" by Robert Macoy, published by Mercy Books, NY. 2000. "The Disappearance of Dr. Parkman" by Judge Pliny T. Merrick, published by Robert Sullivan, Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1971. External links [www.biblebelievers.org.au/masons.htm History and Purpose of the Freemasons and other Secret Societies] title=Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court\|after=Theron Metcalf\|years=1853-1864}} Category:1794 births Category:1867 deaths Category:People from Brookfield, Massachusetts Category:Harvard Law School alumni Category:Massachusetts lawyers Category:Anti-Masonic Party politicians from Massachusetts Category:Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts Category:District attorneys in Worcester County, Massachusetts Category:Massachusetts Whigs Category:19th-century American politicians Category:Massachusetts state senators Category:Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives Category:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court justices Category:Massachusetts state court judges Category:Members of the American Antiquarian Society	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Entella (river) The Entella is a very short river within the Metropolitan City of Genoa (former Province of Genoa) in the Liguria region of northwestern Italy. It and its tributaries flow from the Ligurian Apennines Mountains to the Ligurian Sea. Etymology The name Entella was given to the river by Ptolemy; it's maybe derived from entos ( = inside) and elòa ( = olive), due to the dark-green colour of the river banks of its upper basin. The name came into the popular use from the end of the 18th century; the river was previously called by common people Lavagna. In 1914 the football club Foot-Ball Club Entella (now Virtus Entella) took its name from the river. Geography The Entella is formed by the confluence of the Lavagna and Sturla streams, near Carasco in the Province of Genova. The river then flows westwards at first before turning south before it meets the Ligurian Sea between Chiavari and Lavagna, in a large and in summer an almost totally dry riverbed. Tributaries Besides Lavagna and Sturla the only relevant tributary of the Entella river is the torrente Graveglia. History The Département de l'Entelle or Dipartimento dell'Entella of Ligurian Republic took its name at the end of the 18th century from the river. Conservation The medium and low part of the river course belongs to the SIC (Site of Community Importance) called Foce e medio corso del Fiume Entella - code IT1332717''. See also List of rivers of Italy References External links Liguriabirding.net: Birdwatching on the Entella Category:Rivers of the Province of Genoa 01 Category:Drainage basins of the Ligurian Sea Category:Rivers of the Apennines Category:Rivers of Italy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction The Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, or OSPI is the state education agency for the State of Washington. The agency is bound by the Washington State Legislature to implement state laws regarding education, including the 1993 education reform act which mandated the controversial WASL standards based assessment. The Superintendent of Public Instruction is sixth (behind the Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and Attorney General, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Washington. . The current Superintendent of Public Instruction is Chris Reykdal. The agency is headquartered in the Old Capitol Building in Olympia. Superintendents Superintendents of Public Instruction References External links Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction official website. Category:Education in Washington (state) Category:Government of Washington (state) Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction Category:State departments of education of the United States Category:State superintendents of public instruction of the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jack Callender John W. "Jack" Callender (2 April 1923 – 22 May 2001) was an English professional football wing half of the 1940s and 1950s. Career Born in Wylam, Callender began his career before World War II, in 1938 with Gateshead, who would be his sole Football League club. He went on to establish the club record for most appearances for the club in the Football League during his long stay; Callender is the record appearance holder for Gateshead with 511 (league and FA Cup). He made 471 Football League appearances, scoring 42 goals and 40 appearances in the FA Cup, scoring 7 goals. At Gateshead, Callender and his brother Tom made 910 league appearances, a record for two brothers at the same club. After his departure from Gateshead Callender played for Consett for a while. Callender died on 22 May 2001, aged 78. References Category:1923 births Category:2001 deaths Category:People from Wylam Category:English footballers Category:Gateshead A.F.C. players Category:Consett A.F.C. players Category:Association football wing halves	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Burgess Meredith Oliver Burgess Meredith (November 16, 1907 – September 9, 1997) was an American actor, director, producer, and writer. Active for more than six decades, Meredith has been called "a virtuosic actor" and "one of the most accomplished actors of the century". A lifetime member of the Actors Studio by invitation, he won several Emmys, was the first male actor to win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, and was nominated for two Academy Awards. He established himself as a leading man in Hollywood with critically acclaimed performances as George Milton in Of Mice and Men (1939), Ernie Pyle in The Story of G.I. Joe (1945), and the narrator of A Walk in the Sun (1945). Meredith was known later in his career for his appearances on The Twilight Zone and for portraying arch-villain The Penguin on the 1960s TV series Batman and boxing trainer Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky film series. For his performances in The Day of the Locust (1975) and Rocky (1976), he received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He later starred in the comedy Foul Play (1978) and the fantasy film Clash of the Titans (1981). He narrated numerous films and documentaries during his long career, including Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983). "Although those performances renewed his popularity," observed Mel Gussow in The New York Times, "they represented only a small part of a richly varied career in which he played many of the more demanding roles in classical and contemporary theater—in plays by Shakespeare, O'Neill, Beckett and others." Early life Meredith was born in 1907 in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Ida Beth (née Burgess) and Dr. William George Meredith, a Canadian-born physician, of English descent. His mother came from a long line of Methodist revivalists, a religion to which he adhered throughout his lifetime. He was a descendant of the house of Howard through Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII. Meredith graduated from Hoosac School in 1926 and then attended Amherst College (class of 1931). He left Amherst, and became a reporter for the Stamford Advocate. In 1942, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, reaching the rank of captain. After transferring to the Office of War Information, he made training and education films for America's armed forces. In 1943 he performed in the USAAF's recruiting short The Rear Gunner and the U.S. Army training film A Welcome to Britain for troops heading to the UK in preparation for the liberation of Europe. He was released from duty in 1944 to work on the movie The Story of G.I. Joe, in which he played the war correspondent Ernie Pyle. He was discharged from the USAAF in 1945. Acting career Theatre In 1929, he became a member of Eva Le Gallienne's Civic Repertory Theatre company in New York City. Although best known to the larger world audience for his film and television work, Meredith was an influential actor and director for the stage. He made his Broadway debut as Peter in Le Gallienne's production of Romeo and Juliet (1930) and became a star in Maxwell Anderson's Winterset (1935), which became his film debut the following year. His early life and theatre work were the subject of a New Yorker profile. In 1935 he starred along with Hugh Williams at the Martin Beck Theatre in John Van Druten's Flowers of the Forest He garnered critical acclaim in the 1935 Broadway revival of The Barretts of Wimpole Street starring Katharine Cornell. She subsequently cast him in several of her later productions. Other Broadway roles included Van van Dorn in High Tor (1937), Liliom in Liliom (1940), Christy Mahon in The Playboy of the Western World (1946), and Adolphus Cusins in Major Barbara (1956). He created the role of Erie Smith in the English-language premiere of Eugene O'Neill's Hughie at the Theater Royal in Bath, England in 1963. He played Hamlet in avant garde theatrical and radio productions of the play. A distinguished theatre director, he won a Tony Award nomination for his 1974 Broadway staging of Ulysses in Nighttown, a theatrical adaptation of the "Nighttown" section of James Joyce's Ulysses. Meredith also shared a Special Tony Award with James Thurber for their collaboration on A Thurber Carnival (1960). In the late seventies, he directed Fionnula Flanagan's one-woman multi-role play James Joyce's Women, which toured for several years. Cinema Early in his career, Meredith attracted favorable attention, especially for playing George in a 1939 adaptation of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men and as war correspondent Ernie Pyle in The Story of G.I. Joe (1945). He was featured in many 1940s films, including three—Second Chorus (1940), Diary of a Chambermaid (1946), and On Our Merry Way (1948) — co-starring his then-wife Paulette Goddard. As a result of the House Committee on Un-American Activities investigation, Meredith was placed on the Hollywood blacklist, and was largely absent from film for the next decade, though he remained involved in stage plays and radio during this time. Meredith was a favorite of director Otto Preminger, who cast him in Advise and Consent (1962), The Cardinal (1963), In Harm's Way (1965), Hurry Sundown (1967), Skidoo (1968), and Such Good Friends (1971). He was in Madame X (with Lana Turner, 1966) and Stay Away Joe (1968), appearing as the father of Elvis Presley's character. He was acclaimed by critics for his performance as Harry Greene in The Day of the Locust (1975) and received nominations for the BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for best supporting actor. Meredith then played Rocky Balboa's trainer Mickey Goldmill in the first three Rocky films (1976, 1979, and 1982). Though his character died in the third Rocky film, he returned briefly in a flashback in the fifth film, Rocky V (1990). His portrayal in the first film earned him his second consecutive nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Meredith played an old Korean War veteran Captain J. G. Williams in The Last Chase (1981) with Lee Majors. He appeared in Ray Harryhausen's last stop-motion feature Clash of the Titans (also 1981) in a supporting role. Meredith appeared in Santa Claus: The Movie (1985) and was a voice actor in G.I. Joe: The Movie (1989). In his last years, he played Jack Lemmon's character's sex-crazed 95-year-old father in Grumpy Old Men (1993) and its sequel, Grumpier Old Men (1995). Meredith directed the movie The Man on the Eiffel Tower (1949) starring Charles Laughton, which was produced by Irving Allen. Meredith also was billed in a supporting role in this film. In 1970, he directed (as well as co-wrote and played a supporting role in) The Yin and the Yang of Mr. Go, an espionage caper starring James Mason and Jeff Bridges. Television Meredith appeared in four different starring roles in the anthology TV series The Twilight Zone, tying him with Jack Klugman for the most appearances on the show in a starring role. In his first appearance in 1959, "Time Enough at Last", he portrayed a henpecked bookworm who finds himself the sole survivor of an unspecified apocalypse which leads him to contemplate suicide until he discovers the ruins of the library. In 1961's "Mr. Dingle, the Strong", Meredith played the title character, a timid weakling who receives superhuman strength from an extraterrestrial experiment in human nature. Also that year in "The Obsolete Man", Meredith portrayed a librarian sentenced to death in a dystopic totalitarian society. Lastly, in 1963's "Printer's Devil", Meredith portrayed the Devil himself. He later played two additional roles in Rod Serling's other anthology series, Night Gallery. Meredith was the narrator for Twilight Zone: The Movie in 1983. The actor appeared in various other television programs, including the role of Christopher Norbert III, in the 1962 episode "Hooray, Hooray, the Circus Is Coming to Town" of the NBC medical drama about psychiatry, The Eleventh Hour starring Wendell Corey and Jack Ging. He also guest starred in the ABC drama about psychiatry, Breaking Point in the 1963 episode titled "Heart of Marble, Body of Stone". Meredith appeared in various western series, such as Rawhide (four times), The Virginian (twice), Wagon Train, Branded, The Wild Wild West, The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, Laredo, Bonanza, and Daniel Boone. In 1963, he appeared as Vincent Marion in a five-part episode of the last season of the Warner Bros. ABC detective series 77 Sunset Strip. He appeared three times in Burke's Law (1963–1964), starring Gene Barry. Meredith also played the Penguin in the television series Batman from 1966 to 1968 and in the 1966 film based on the TV series. His role as the Penguin was so well-received that the show's writers always had a script featuring the Penguin ready whenever Meredith was available. He and Cesar Romero (the Joker) are tied for number of appearances on the show. He also made a brief cameo appearance as the Penguin in the 1968 episode of The Monkees titled "Monkees Blow Their Minds". From 1972 to 1973, Meredith played V. C. R. Cameron, director of Probe Control, in the television movie/pilot Probe and then in Search, the subsequent TV series (the name was changed to avoid conflict with a program on PBS). Meredith won an Emmy Award as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special for the 1977 television film Tail Gunner Joe, a fictitious study of U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the anticommunist politician active in the 1950s. He was cast as crusading lawyer Joseph Welch. In 1992, Meredith narrated The Chaplin Puzzle, a television documentary that provides a rare insight into Charles Chaplin's work, circa 1914, at Keystone Studios and Essanay, where Chaplin developed his Tramp character. Coincidentally, Meredith married actress Paulette Goddard in 1943 following her divorce from Chaplin. Other work Meredith also performed voice-over work. He provided the narration for the war film A Walk in the Sun (1945). As a nod to his longtime association with original Twilight Zone series, he served as narrator for the 1983 film based on the series. He was a TV commercial voice for such clients as Bulova, Honda, Pioneer, Stokely-Van Camp, United Airlines, and Freakies breakfast cereal. He also provided the narration for the short film Works Of Calder, a 1949-50 film by Herbert Matter which featured a musical soundtrack by the composer John Cage. He supplied the narration for the 1974–75 ABC Saturday morning series Korg: 70,000 B.C. and was the voice of Puff in the series of animated adaptations of the Peter, Paul, and Mary song Puff, the Magic Dragon. In the mid-1950s, he was one of four narrators of the NBC and syndicated public affairs program, The Big Story (1949–58), which focused on courageous journalists. In 1991, he narrated a track on The Chieftains' album of traditional Christmas music and carols, The Bells of Dublin. He acted in the Kenny G music video of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", which was released in 1994. He played the main character, a projectionist at a movie theater. His last role before his death was the portrayal of both Hamilton Wofford and Covington Wofford characters in the 1996 video game Ripper by Take-Two Interactive. Meredith was considered to play the Penguin's father in the 1992 Tim Burton film Batman Returns, but illness prevented him from appearing and the role was taken by Paul Reubens. Personal life and death Meredith was married four times. His first wife, Helen Derby Merrien Burgess, was the daughter of Harry L. Derby, president of the American Cyanamid and Chemical Corporation; she took her life after their divorce. His next two wives were actresses, Margaret Perry and Paulette Goddard. Goddard had a miscarriage in 1944. His last marriage, to Kaja Sundsten, lasted 46 years and produced two children—Jonathon (a musician) and Tala (a painter). Meredith was a lifelong Democrat who often donated $200 and more to the party during his lifetime. His autobiography, So Far, So Good, was published in 1994. In the book he wrote that he suffered from violent mood swings caused by cyclothymia, a form of bipolar disorder. Meredith died from complications of Alzheimer's disease and melanoma on September 9, 1997, aged 89, at his Malibu home. Friend Adam West spoke briefly at his memorial service. His remains were cremated. Awards and honors Meredith was twice nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, in 1976 for Rocky, and in 1975 for The Day of the Locust, for which he also received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture. That performance brought him a BAFTA Award nomination. Meredith won a Primetime Emmy Award for Supporting Actor in 1977 for Tail Gunner Joe, and was nominated for the same award the next year for The Last Hurrah, a remake of the film starring Spencer Tracy. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films three times, in 1978, 1979, and 1982, and won the last two times, for Magic and Clash of the Titans. In 1962, Meredith won a Best Supporting Actor award from the National Board of Review, for Advise & Consent, and in 1985 he was nominated for a CableAce Award for his performance in Answers. For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Meredith has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. For his onstage contributions, he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Meredith has a 21-acre park named for him in Pomona, New York. He provided the funding to incorporate the village. On May 14, 1977 - Meredith received his honorary doctorate degree from Upper Iowa University in Fayette, Iowa. Filmography Film The Scoundrel (1935) as Flop House Bum (uncredited) Winterset (1936) as Mio Romagna There Goes the Groom (1937) as Dick Matthews Spring Madness (1938) as The Lippencott Idiot's Delight (1939) as Quillery Of Mice and Men (1939) as George Milton Castle on the Hudson (1940) as Steven Rockford Second Chorus (1940) as Hank Taylor The San Francisco Docks (1940) as Johnny Barnes That Uncertain Feeling (1941) as Alexander Sebastian Tom, Dick and Harry (1941) as Harry The Forgotten Village (1941) as Narrator Street of Chance (1942) as Frank Thompson / Danny Nearing A Welcome to Britain (1943) as Himself (uncredited) The Rear Gunner (1943) as Pvt. L.A. Pee Wee Williams Our Country (1944) as Himself Hymn of the Nations (1944) as Narrator (voice, uncredited) Salute to France (1944) as Joe – the American soldier Tunisian Victory (1944) as American soldier (voice) Attack! Battle of New Britain (1944) as Narrator The Story of G.I. Joe (1945) as Ernie Pyle A Walk in the Sun (1945) as Narrator (voice, uncredited) The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946) as Captain Mauger Magnificent Doll (1946) as James Madison Mine Own Executioner (1947) as Felix Milne On Our Merry Way (1948) as Oliver M Pease Jigsaw (1949) as Jack / Bartender (uncredited) A Yank Comes Back (1949) Golden Arrow (1949) as Dick The Man on the Eiffel Tower (1949) as Joseph Heurtin Works of Calder (1950) as Narrator Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Invisible Man (1954) as Himself Joe Butterfly (1957) as Joe Butterfly Albert Schweitzer (1957) as Narrator (voice) The Kidnappers (1958) as Louis Halliburton Sorcerer's Village (1958) as Narrator (voice) America Pauses for Springtime (1959) as Himself America Pauses for the Merry Month of May (1959) as Himself Advise and Consent (1962) as Herbert Gelman The Cardinal (1963) as Father Ned Halley In Harm's Way (1965) as Commander Egan Powell Madame X (1966) as Dan Sullivan Batman (1966) as The Penguin The Crazy Quilt (1966) as Narrator (voice) A Big Hand for the Little Lady (1966) as Doc Scully (as Burgess Meridith) Torture Garden (1967) as Dr. Diablo Hurry Sundown (1967) as Judge Purcell (Framework Story) Stay Away, Joe (1968) as Charlie Lightcloud Skidoo (1968) as The Warden Dear Mr. Gable (1968) as Narrator Debrief: Apollo 8 (1968) as Narrator The Father (1969) as Captain Ned Mackenna's Gold (1969) as The Store Keeper Hard Contract (1969) as Ramsey Williams The Reivers (1969) as Lucious / Narrator (voice) There Was a Crooked Man... (1970) as The Missouri Kid The Yin and the Yang of Mr. Go (1970) as The Dolphin (also director) Clay Pigeon (1971) as Freedom Lovelace Such Good Friends (1971) as Kalman A Fan's Notes (1972) as Mr. Blue Beware! The Blob (1972) as Old Hobo (uncredited) Mineral King (1972) as Narrator The Man (1972) as Senator Watson Hay que matar a B. (1974) as Hector Garden Needles (1974) as Winters The Day of the Locust (1975) as Harry Greener 92 in the Shade (1975) as Goldsboro The Master Gunfighter (1975) as Narrator (voice) The Hindenburg (1975) as Emilio Pajetta Circasia (1976) as Clown Burnt Offerings (1976) as Arnold Allardyce Rocky (1976) as Mickey Goldmill The Sentinel (1977) as Charles Chazen Golden Rendezvous (1977) as Van Heurden The Manitou (1978) as Dr. Snow Foul Play (1978) as Mr. Hennessey The Great Bank Hoax (1978) as Jack Stutz Magic (1978) as Ben Greene Rocky II (1979) as Mickey Goldmill When Time Ran Out (1980) as Rene Valdez Final Assignment (1980) as Zak The Last Chase (1981) as Captain J.G. Williams Clash of the Titans (1981) as Ammon True Confessions (1981) as Msgr. Seamus Fargo Rocky III (1982) as Mickey Goldmill Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) as Narrator (voice, uncredited) Wet Gold (1984, Made for TV) as Sampson Santa Claus: The Movie (1985) as Ancient Elf Rocky IV (1985) as Mickey Goldmill (archival footage) (uncredited) G.I. Joe: The Movie (1987) as Golobulus (voice) King Lear (1987) as Don Learo (uncredited) Hot to Trot (1988) as Don's Dad (voice, uncredited) Full Moon in Blue Water (1988) as The General Oddball Hall (1990) as Ingersol State of Grace (1990) as Finn Rocky V (1990) as Mickey Goldmill (Flashback) Grumpy Old Men (1993) as Grandpa Gustafson Camp Nowhere (1994) as Fein Tall Tale (1995) as Old Man (uncredited) Across the Moon (1995) as Barney Grumpier Old Men (1995) as Grandpa Gustafson Rocky Balboa (2006) as Mickey Goldmill (archival footage) (uncredited) Television Texaco Star Theatre – episode – #2.18 – Himself (1950) Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall – episode – #2.56 – Himself (1950) Your Show of Shows – 2 episodes – Himself (1950) Robert Montgomery Presents – episode – Ride the Pink Horse – Himself/Frank Hugo (1950) The Name's the Same – episode – August 20, 1952 – Himself (1952) Excursion – 2 episodes – Opportunities for Youth & The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn – Himself (1953) What's My Line – episode – November 25, 1956 – Himself (1956) The Big Story – 38 episodes – Narrator (1955–1958) The Ben Hecht Show – episode – #1.56 – Himself – 1958 The Jack Paar Tonight Show – episode – #2.244 – Himself (1959) The Arthur Murray Party – episode – 9.14 – Himself (1959) The Twilight Zone – episode 8 -Time Enough at Last - Henry Bemis (1959) The Twilight Zone - episode 65 -The Obsolete Man - Romney Wordsworth (June 2nd, 1962) The Twilight Zone - Season 4, episode 9 - Printer's Devil - Mr. Smith (November 28, 1963) Wagon Train – episode – The Grover Allen Story – Grover Allen (1964) Wagon Train – episode – Incident at Deadhorse, Parts 1 and 2 – Hannibal H. Plew (1964) Laredo – episode – Lazyfoot, Where Are You? – Grubby Sully (1965) The Wild Wild West – episode – The Night of the Human Trigger (1965) Batman – 19 episodes – The Penguin – (1966–1968) Bonanza – episode – Six Black Horses – Owney Duggan (1967) The Monkees – episode – Monkees Blow Their Minds – The Penguin (Cameo) (uncredited) (1968) The Virginian – episode – The Orchard – Tim Bradbury (1968) Daniel Boone – episode – Three Score and Ten – Alex Hemming (1969) The Bill Cosby Special, or? – TV Movie – Himself (1971) Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color – episodes – Strange Monster of Strawberry Cove: Parts 1 & 2 – Henry Meade (1971) The Virginian – episode – Flight from Memory – Muley (1971) Mannix – episode – The Crimson Halo – Noah Otway (1972) McCloud – episode – A Little Plot at Tranquil Valley – Marvin Sloan (1972) Korg: 70,000 B.C. – 16 episodes – Narrator (voice) (1974–1975) Dinah! – Episode #2.111 – Himself (1976) The 48th Annual Academy Awards – TV Special – Himself (Nominee: Best Actor in a Supporting Role) (1976) The 49th Annual Academy Awards – TV Special – Himself (Best Actor in a Supporting Role) (1977) Lincoln – TV Movie – Winfield Scott (voice) (1992) In the Heat of the Night – episodes – Even Nice People, Lake Winahatchie, & Hatton's Turn: Part 2 – Judge Cully (1993) The Great Battles of the Civil War – TV Mini-Series documentary – episode 6 – Gettysburg Star and Banner Columnist (voice) (1994) Search as V. C. R. Cameron (1972–1973) Those Amazing Animals (co-host with Jim Stafford and Priscilla Presley) Faerie Tale Theatre: Thumbelina The Twilight Zone (four episodes) Tales of Tomorrow "The Great Silence" (1953) Rawhide "The Little Fishes" (1961) Naked City "Hold for Gloria Christmas" (as Duncan Kleist, 1962) Twelve O'Clock High as (Radar Expert, 1966) The Invaders – "Wall of Crystal" (1967) Ironside "S2-E11 The Macabre Mr. Micawber" (as Carney, 1968) Night Gallery (as Dr. Fall, 1970) The Return of Captain Nemo (as Prof. Waldo Cunningham 1976) Puff the Magic Dragon (voice of Puff, 1978–79, 1982) Gloria (as Dr. Adams, Gloria Bunker Stivic's boss, 1982–1983) Radio appearances See also References Notes External links Burgess Meredith as the Penguin Burgess Meredith Park Photos of Burgess Meredith in "Story of G.I. Joe", 1944 by Ned Scott Category:1907 births Category:1997 deaths Category:20th-century American male actors Category:American male film actors Category:American male radio actors Category:American male stage actors Category:American male television actors Category:American male voice actors Category:American Methodists Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:American people of English descent Category:American male journalists Category:Amherst College alumni Category:Articles containing video clips Category:California Democrats Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease Category:Deaths from melanoma Category:Disease-related deaths in California Category:Journalists from New York City Category:Male actors from Cleveland Category:Ohio Democrats Category:Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners Category:People with bipolar disorder Category:Tony Award winners Category:United States Army Air Forces officers Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jomås Jomås is a village in Froland municipality in Aust-Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian County Road 152, about half-way between the villages of Heldalsmo and Løvjomås. The village of Blakstad lies about south of Jomås. References Category:Villages in Aust-Agder Category:Froland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Beirut Souks Beirut Souks is a major commercial district in Beirut Central District. With over 200 shops, 25 restaurants and cafes, an entertainment center, a 14 cinema complex, periodic street markets and an upcoming department store, it is Beirut's largest and most diverse shopping and leisure area. Beirut Souks also features piazzas and public space. The souks have historically been at the commercial heart of Beirut. They sustained severe damage during the Lebanese Civil War and were rebuilt by Solidere according to the ancient Greek street grid, maintaining the historic landmarks and pre-war street names. History Souk al-Tawileh and Souk al-Jamil were a favorite shopping destination before the civil war and were frequented by Lebanese and Europeans alike since they housed fashionable boutiques and haute-couture houses, while Souk al-Franj functioned as Lebanon’s biggest fruit, vegetable and flower market. Destruction During the Lebanese Civil War, Beirut was the scene of fierce battles between warring factions; after a few months of fighting, the brief ceasefire in September 1975 allowed the business owners of Beirut's central district to evacuate their shops' assets before fighting resumed turning downtown Beirut, including its souks into a sniper patrolled no man's land. In October 1975, fighting extended to the souks, gunmen blew up shops and set others on fire. The destruction of the souks affected Christian and Muslim merchants alike. The battle of the souks lasted for 2 and half months until December 1975 before extending to the residential area of Ras Beirut During the spring of 1983, the Antoun Bey Khan, a historic caravanserai and a landmark of the souks was demolished to clear the view towards the sea. Reconstruction Reconstruction of Beirut's central district began as soon as the guns fell silent in 1991. Dar Al-Handasah was commissioned by the Lebanese Council for Development and Reconstruction to prepare a master-plan for the rebuilding of the dilapidated central district. Henri Eddeh, a senior architect planner at Dar al-Handasah proposed a complete demolition of the historical city center which was to be replaced by modern buildings and infrastructure. The notion of bulldozing the entire cityscape stirred a heated polemic within the intellectual circles and widespread opposition to the master-plan led to the adoption of an alternate strategy aiming at preserving and renovating what could be salvaged of Beirut's historic buildings. The new master-plan drawn by Lebanese architect Jad Tabet was approved by the Lebanese parliament and its implementation started in September 1994; a private share-holding company (Solidere) was created by the Lebanese government to manage the entire process of reconstruction and rehabilitation of Beirut's central district]]. Except for specific landmarks that were later salvaged and restored, a large part of the souks' medieval buildings were too damaged to be saved. The void left by the destruction of the Souks left a gap in Beirut's identity, Solidere sought to bring back the souks historic commercial function at the heart of Beirut and appeal to the mercantile community that had fled to the periphery during the 16 year civil war. Solidere launched an international design competition to rebuild the souks while in keeping with the original Hellenistic street grid that characterized the old souks and the area's historical landmarks. The contest was won by José Rafael Moneo Vallés who designed the southern souk and British architect Kevin Dash who designed the Gold souks. The construction of the souks were entrusted to Lebanese firm Hourie. The master plan for the Beirut Souks was approved by ministerial decrees which preceded the launch of the reconstruction project. Costs of reconstruction were estimated at about 100 million dollars and work duration between 18 months and 2 years. The souks was set to open in 2000 but inauguration was postponed due to licensing delays related to political issues; meanwhile the construction of the underground parking was underway. In 2004 Solidere received the license and work on the souks began to be withheld in the aftermath of summer of 2006 war and the subsequent political instability. Opening Beirut Souks were opened to the public on October 2, 2009 after a 10-year delay due to political instability. The Gold Souk's opening was also delayed due to financial disagreements between the syndicate of Expert Goldsmiths and Jewelers in Lebanon and Solidere. Visitors on the opening day wandered through the few opened shops while construction works were still underway. Location Beirut Souks are located in Beirut Central District, they are delimited by Mir Majid Arslan Avenue to the North, Rue Weygand street to the south, Patriarch Howayek to the west and Allenby street to the east. Architecture and description The new Souks are a low rise complex of two components: the South Souks and the North Souks. The Souks were designed in five different commissions by international and Lebanese architects. They offer of floor space and of pedestrian areas that follow the ancient Greek street grid. South souks The South Souks were designed by Rafael Moneo in collaboration with Samir Khairallah while the Gold Souk was designed by Kevin Dash and his Lebanese counterpart Rafic Khoury. The Souks were designed as interconnected open spaces with many access points; there are 200 shops located along long vaulted shopping alleys and arcades with 49 of these shops located in the Gold Souk. The new Souks have retained their Hellenistic street grid layout as well as their historical names; these are: Souk al Tawila (the long souk), Souk Arwam, Souk Jamil, Souk Ayyass, Souk Sayyour, Souk Bustros and Souk Arwad. Conservation Solidere's plan preserved the heritage left by the different civilizations marking the Beirut Souks' historic location from the Phoenician era until the French mandate. The archaeological findings recovered in the Souks, which have been restored, include the ancient Phoenician commercial quarter, the Medieval moat, the Mameluk Koranic madrassa of Ibn Iraq Al Dimashqi and the Byzantine mosaics excavated on site. Shops Beirut Souks has over 200 shops, including: Accessorize Adidas Antoine Aldo Anne Klein Armani Aïzone Bershka Body Shop Bottega Veneta Burberry Calvin Klein Camper Carolina Herrera Chloé Christian Louboutin Claire's Cole Haan Converse Cortefiel Damiani D&G Furla Geox Häagen-Dazs H&M Hermès La cave de Joël Robuchon Louis Vuitton M.A.C Mango Mango accessories Mexx Massimo Dutti Nike Nine West L'Occitane en Provence Patchi Porsche Design Promod Pull and Bear Puma Quiksilver Reebok Rodeo Drive Roxy Samsung Sony World Stella McCartney Stradivarius Sunglass Hut Timberland Tommy Hilfiger Toy Watch Uterqüe Vera Wang Vero Moda Virgin Yves Saint Laurent Zara Awards The Beirut Souks received in 2009 the Capital Issues Award under the category of Architectural excellence. The award was collected on behalf of Solidere by Angus Gavin on December 22, 2009. See also Avenue des Français Bazaar Bazaari Rue Maarad Souq References External links Beirut Souks Website Solidere Website Beirut Souks Photo Albums Beirut souks video Stella McCartney store at Beirut Souks Category:Retailing in Lebanon Category:Shopping districts and streets in Lebanon Category:Tourist attractions in Beirut Category:Pedestrian malls Category:Souqs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Desisa lunulata Desisa lunulata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1885. It is known from Borneo and Malaysia. References Category:Lamiinae Category:Beetles described in 1885	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Ntambirweki Professor John Ntambirweki is a lawyer, academic and academic administrator in Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community. He is the current Vice Chancellor of Uganda Pentecostal University, a private university, which was accredited by the Uganda National Council for Higher Education (UNCHE), in 2005. Background He was born in Mbarara District, in Western Uganda, circa 1955. Education He holds the degree of Bachelor of Laws, obtained from Makerere University, the oldest and largest public university in Uganda. He also holds the Diploma In Law Practice, awarded by the Law Development Center. His degree of Master of Laws, was obtained from the University of Nairobi. Work history John Ntambirweki is a former Senior Lecturer of Makerere University. He is also a former Head of Department of Law, Uganda Christian University. Other considerations John Ntambirweki is a Consultant at the law firm of Ntambirweki Kandeebe & Company Advocates, based in Kampala. Other advocates at the firm include Barbara Ntambirweki, a daughter to John Ntambirweki, and a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at Uganda Pentecostal University. See also List of Universities in Uganda List of university leaders in Uganda List of business schools in Uganda Kabarole District References External links Uganda Pentecostal University Students Allowed To Study Bar Course At LDC Category:Living people Category:Makerere University alumni Category:University of Nairobi alumni Category:People from Kabarole District Category:Toro people Category:Ugandan Christians Category:1945 births Category:Vice-chancellors of universities in Uganda Category:Ugandan lawyers Category:Law Development Centre alumni Category:Uganda Pentecostal University academics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tony Shepherd (businessman) Anthony "Tony" Shepherd (born 1944, Melbourne) is an Australian businessman. The first 15 years of his career were in the Australian Public Service. He joined Transfield Services in 1979, going on to become Chairman of the Transfield Board. Shepherd resigned from Transfield in 2013. He is currently Chair of the Boards of the Greater Western Sydney Giants, the Australian Subscription Television and Radio Association and the Sydney Cricket Ground & Sports Ground Trust. Career Tony Shepherd was educated at CBC St Kilda in Melbourne and started his career as a federal public servant while studying commerce part-time at the University of Melbourne. He worked in defence procurement in Canberra and for three years in Washington DC in the 1970s. On return to Australia in 1973 he joined the National Pipeline Authority under energy minister Rex Connor. He worked on the development of the Moomba to Sydney Gas Pipeline during this time. He spent a total of 15 years as a public servant. In 1979 a friend introduced Shepherd to Franco Belgiorno-Nettis, who offered him a job at the infrastructure company Transfield Services in North Sydney. At Transfield, Shepherd's first big project was the Sydney Harbour Tunnel, which was an early example of public–private partnership in Australia. In March 2001, Shepherd was appointed a Director on the Transfield Services Board. He became Chairman in 2005, retiring from the role in October 2013. During his time at Transfield he worked on EastLink and the Lane Cove Tunnel. In 2011 he became president of the Business Council of Australia for a two-year term, later extended by six months to March 2014. He was succeeded by Catherine Livingstone. By 2012 he was also chairing the Greater Western Sydney Giants and was a trustee and later chairman of the Sydney Cricket Ground & Sports Ground Trust. As Chair of the Giants, he and other board members set key performance indicators for both the football and business side of the team. In June 2012 he was made an officer of the Order of Australia for services to business, particularly infrastructure development, the arts and sport. In November 2013 he was appointed chairman of the Australian Subscription Television and Radio Association. He was chairman of Abbott Government's National Commission of Audit which ran between 2013 and March 2014. He was chairman of the WestConnex Delivery Authority from its establishment in November 2013, resigning in October 2015 when the organisation was merged into the Sydney Motorway Corporation. References Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Australian businesspeople Category:Australian public servants Category:Greater Western Sydney Giants administrators Category:Officers of the Order of Australia Category:University of Melbourne alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Spalting Spalting is any form of wood coloration caused by fungi. Although primarily found in dead trees, spalting can also occur in living trees under stress. Although spalting can cause weight loss and strength loss in the wood, the unique coloration and patterns of spalted wood are sought by woodworkers. Types Spalting is divided into three main types: pigmentation, white rot, and zone lines. Spalted wood may exhibit one or all of these types in varying degrees. Both hardwoods (deciduous) and softwoods (coniferous) can spalt, but zone lines and white rot are more commonly found on hardwoods due to enzymatic differences in white rotting fungi. Brown rots are more common to conifers, although one brown rot, Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus), is known to cause spalting. Pigmentation Pigmentation is caused when fungi produce extracellular pigments inside wood. Bluestain is also a form of pigmentation, however generally bluestain pigments are bound within the hyphae cell walls. A visible color change can be seen if enough hyphae are concentrated in an area. Pigmenting fungi classified as spalting fungi do decay wood, they simply do so at a slower rate (soft rotting) than white rotting fungi. The most common groups of pigmentation fungi are the imperfect fungi and the ascomycetes. Mold fungi, such as Trichoderma spp., are not considered to be spalting fungi, as their hyphae do not colonize the wood internally and they do not produce the enzymes necessary to digest the wood cell wall components. White rot The mottled white pockets and bleaching effect seen in spalted wood is due to white rot fungi. Primarily found on hardwoods, these fungi "bleach" by consuming lignin, which is the slightly pigmented area of a wood cell wall. Some white rotting can also be caused by an effect similar to pigmentation, in which the white hyphae of a fungus, such as Trametes versicolor (Fr.) Pil., is so concentrated in an area that a visual effect is created. Both strength and weight loss occur with white rot decay, causing the "punky" area often referred to by woodworkers. Brown rots, the "unpleasing" type of spalting, do not degrade lignin, thus creating a crumbly, cracked surface which cannot be stabilized. Both types of rot, if uncontrolled, will render wood useless. Zone lines Dark dotting, winding lines and thin streaks of red, brown and black are known as zone lines. This type of spalting does not occur due to any specific type of fungus, but is instead an interaction zone in which different fungi have erected barriers to protect their resources. They can also be caused by a single fungus delineating itself. The lines are often clumps of hard, dark mycelium, referred to as pseudosclerotial plate formation. Zone lines themselves do not damage the wood. However, the fungi responsible for creating them often do. Spalted wood is also sometimes known as web wood. Conditions Conditions required for spalting are the same as the conditions required for fungal growth: fixed nitrogen, micronutrients, water, warm temperatures and oxygen. Water: Wood must be saturated to a 20% moisture content or higher for fungal colonization to occur. Wood placed underwater lacks sufficient oxygen, and colonization cannot occur. Temperature: The majority of fungi prefer warm temperatures between 10 and 40 °C, with rapid growth occurring between 20 and 32 °C. Oxygen: Fungi do not require much oxygen, but conditions such as waterlogging will inhibit growth. Time: Different fungi require different amounts of time to colonize wood. Research conducted on some common spalting fungi found that Trametes versicolor, when paired with Bjerkandera adusta, took eight weeks to spalt 1.5 inch (38 mm) cubes of Acer saccharum. Colonization continued to progress after this time period, but the structural integrity of the wood was compromised. The same study also found that Polyporus brumalis, when paired with Trametes versicolor, required 10 weeks to spalt the same size cubes. Commonly spalted woods The Ohio Department of Natural Resources found that pale hardwoods had the best ability to spalt. Some common trees in this category include maple (Acer spp.), birch (Betula spp.) and beech (Fagus spp.). However, recent research suggests that sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and aspen (Populus sp.) are preferred by both white rot and pigment fungi. Common spalting fungi One of the trickier aspects to spalting is that some fungi cannot colonize wood alone; they require other fungi to have preceded them to create favorable conditions. Fungi progress in waves of primary and secondary colonizers, where primary colonizers initially capture and control resources, change the pH of the wood and its structure, and then must defend against secondary colonizers that then have the ability to colonize the substrate. Ceratocystis spp. (Ascomycetes) contains the most common blue stain fungi. Trametes versicolor, (Basidiomycetes) is found all over the world and is a quick and efficient white rot of hardwoods. Xylaria polymorpha (Pers. ex Mer.) Grev. (Ascomycetes) has been known to bleach wood, but is unique in that it is one of the few fungi that will erect zone lines without any antagonism from other fungi. Research Initial lab work was conducted on spalting in the 1980s at Brigham Young University. A method for improving machinability in spalted wood using methyl methacrylate was developed in 1982, and several white rot fungi responsible for zone line formation were identified in 1987. Current research at Michigan Technological University has identified specific time periods at which certain spalting fungi will interact, and how long it takes for said fungi to render the wood useless. Researchers from this university also developed a test for evaluating the machinability of spalted wood using a universal test machine. References Category:Mycology Category:Woodworking materials	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Viktoria Allenstein Viktoria Allenstein was a German football club from what was the city of Allenstein, East Prussia in Germany and is today Olsztyn, Poland. The club was established in 1916 and played as a lower tier local side making only a single season appearance in the top flight regional Baltenverband in 1925–26. In 1933 the team qualified for the new regional first division Gauliga Ostpreußen, one of 16 new regional circuits formed in the reorganization of German football under the Third Reich that year. They played another season there before the league was split into two divisions making Viktoria part of the Gauliga Allenstein for the next three campaigns. In 1939–40 they failed in an attempt to win their way back to the division in their own right when they lost a playoff 0:7 to Preußen Mlawa. Instead, playing alongside SV Allenstein, the team became part of Sportgemeinde Allenstein which played a single season in the Gauliga Ostpreußen. SG broke up the next year and Viktoria disappeared into lower level play. The club was lost at the end of World War II when parts of East Prussia, including Allenstein, were annexed by Poland. References External links Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv Historical German domestic league tables Category:Football clubs in Germany Category:Defunct football clubs in Germany Category:Defunct football clubs in former German territories Viktoria Category:Association football clubs established in 1916 Category:Association football clubs disestablished in 1945 Category:1916 establishments in Germany Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany Category:1916 establishments in Poland Category:1945 disestablishments in Poland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gymnastics at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's artistic team The men's artistic team competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 1 October 2002 at the Sajik Gymnasium. Schedule All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00) Results References 2002 Asian Games Report, Pages 428–429 Results External links Official website Artistic Men Team	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tad R. Callister Tad Richards Callister (born December 17, 1945) was the 21st Sunday School General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from April 2014 to April 2019. He served previously in the church as a general authority from 2008 to 2014, including as a member of the Presidency of the Seventy from August 2011 to April 2014. Biography Callister was born in Glendale, California to Effie Norine Richards and Reed Eddington Callister. His parents were both natives of Salt Lake City. Reed Callister served a mission in the United Kingdom for the LDS Church. Callister's mother, Norine, was a daughter of LeGrand Richards, who was the Presiding Bishop of the LDS Church when Callister was born and would later serve as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. At the time Callister's parents married in 1932, LeGrand Richards was their stake president in southern California During the mid-1960s, Callister served as a missionary for the LDS Church in the Eastern Atlantic States Mission, based in Washington, D.C. He holds a bachelor's degree in accounting from Brigham Young University (BYU), a juris doctorate degree from UCLA, and a master of laws degree from New York University, specializing in tax law. Callister spent his career as a lawyer in southern California. Callister also served for a time as president of the Verdugo Hills Council of the Boy Scouts of America. He previously served in the LDS Church as a bishop, stake president, regional representative, and area seventy. From 2005 to 2008 he served as president of the church's Canada Toronto East Mission. While still serving in Canada, he was called as a general authority and member of the Second Quorum of the Seventy in 2008. He later served first as a counselor and then as president of the Pacific Area, residing in Auckland and overseeing the operations of the LDS Church in New Zealand, Australia, and the islands of the Pacific. In 2011 he was appointed as a member of the church's seven-man Presidency of the Seventy, replacing Claudio R. M. Costa. At the church's April 2014 General Conference, Callister was released as a general authority and from the Presidency of the Seventy; the resulting vacancy in the Presidency of the Seventy was filled by Lynn G. Robbins. Callister was simultaneously accepted by the membership as the general president of the church's Sunday School, succeeding Russell T. Osguthorpe. Callister selected John S. Tanner and Devin G. Durrant as his counselors. In May 2015, the church announced that Tanner had been appointed as the next president of Brigham Young University-Hawaii. As a result, in June 2015 Durrant was called as first counselor, with Brian K. Ashton succeeding Durrant as second counselor. Consistent with recent practice of the church's auxiliary presidencies serving for 5 years, Callister and his counselors were released in April 2019, with Mark L. Pace called as the new Sunday School General President. Callister met his wife, Kathryn Louise Saporiti, while they were students at BYU, they were married in 1968 and are the parents of six children. Her mother was a lifelong member of the church and Kathryn's father, Angelo Louis Saporiti, joined the church while serving in the military in Hawaii some time after he had married. Callister's older brother, Douglas L. Callister, was a member of the Second Quorum of the Seventy from 2000 to 2009. Selected works Books Callister, Tad R. (2015), The Blueprint of Christ's Church, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, Callister, Tad R. (2019), A Case for the Book of Mormon, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, Notes References "Tad R. Callister", Liahona, May 2014 "Elder Tad R. Callister", Liahona, November 2011 "Elder Tad R. Callister of the Seventy", Liahona, May 2008 "Elder Tad R. Callister", Church News 2008-07-26 Deseret News Church Almanac (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News, 2011) p. 72 Joseph Walker, "Leadership changes announced during Saturday afternoon LDS general conference session", Deseret News, 2011-10-01. External links "General Authorities: Elder Tad R. Callister", lds.org Category:1945 births Category:American general authorities (LDS Church) Category:Brigham Young University alumni Category:Living people Category:Members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church) Category:New York University School of Law alumni Category:UCLA School of Law alumni Category:Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church) Category:Area seventies (LDS Church) Category:Regional representatives of the Twelve Category:American Mormon missionaries in the United States Category:American Mormon missionaries in Canada Category:Mission presidents (LDS Church) Category:20th-century Mormon missionaries Category:21st-century Mormon missionaries Category:California lawyers Category:People from Glendale, California Category:Richards–Young family Category:General Presidents of the Sunday School (LDS Church) Category:Religious leaders from California Category:Latter Day Saints from California	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gabriel Spera Gabriel Spera is an American poet. Life He graduated from Cornell University, and from University of North Carolina at Greensboro, with an M.F.A. He lives in Los Angeles. His work appeared in Cimarron Review, Prairie Schooner, The Missouri Review, Awards 2009 National Endowment for the Arts, Fellowship 2005 Dana Awards, finalist 2005 Dogwood Poetry Prize, finalist 2004 PEN USA-West Literary Book Award for Poetry 2003 Pushcart Prize Nomination 2002 National Poetry Series 1995 Villa Montalvo Biennial Poetry Competition, Honorable Mention 1991 Associated Writing Programs, Intro Award, 1989 Randall Jarrell Fellowship, UNC-G, Works Anthology References External links "Author's website" Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American male poets Category:Cornell University alumni Category:University of North Carolina at Greensboro alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of environmental dates This is a list of environmental dates. These dates are designated for creating awareness of environmental issues. Hours Earth Hour - 8:30pm (local time), 28 March 2020 Days Weeks Years Decades See also Index of environmental articles List of environmental issues Index of conservation articles List of conservation issues List of international environmental agreements List of awareness days International observance List of commemorative days List of commemorative months References External links News & Events - UN Days, Weeks and Years - World Plantation Day, Great Kashmir - Save your water - EDU Green Environmental	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tirrases Tirrases is a district of the Curridabat Canton in the San José Province in Costa Rica. History The Curridabat canton was founded on 21 August 1929, as the 18th province of San José. With the creation of the canton also was created the district. The district takes its name of the Tirrá tree (Ulmus mexicana). Demography Men: 9,622 Women: 9,257 Total: 18,879 (2005) Almost the half of the district's population is under 20 years old (44.26%) Education 6.98% of the population doesn't have any education. The district has two public schools: the Escuela Centroamérica and Escuela 15 de Agosto. Tirrases also has a public high school called Colegio Técnico Profesional Uladislao Gámez Solano (Fund 2006). This high school is located at the Catholic Church of Las Mercedes and had a population of 60 students in 2007. Health The health services are provided by the EBAIS (Equipo Básico de Atención Integral en Salud) located at Hacienda Vieja, 200 north and 25 east from the Liceo de Curridabat. Security As per the official statements domestic violence is the most common security issue, but non-official data shows that drugs and gang warfare are the main problems in this zone. References External links Official page of Municipalidad de Curridabat (Spanish) Information about Curridabat canton (Spanish) Category:Districts of Costa Rica Category:Districts of San José Province	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Confederación Sindical Obrera y Agraria Confederación Sindical Obrera y Agraria ('Labour and Agrarian Trade Union Confederation') was a trade union centre in Panama, founded in 1930 through the merger of Federación Obrera de la República and Sindicato General de los Trabajadores. Clara González was the general secretary of the division of female and child labour of the organization. References Category:Trade unions in Panama Category:1930 establishments in Panama Category:Trade unions established in 1930	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1932 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico REDIRECT 1932 United States House of Representatives elections#New Mexico 1932 New Mexico United States House of Representatives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Secret Policeman's Ball (disambiguation) The Secret Policeman's Ball may refer to: The Secret Policeman's Balls, the informal collective name used to describe the entire series of Amnesty benefit shows and spin-offs from 1976 onwards, including: The Secret Policeman's Ball (1979), the 1979 Amnesty International benefit show (and the spin-off film, TV special and two albums) that gave the series its title The Secret Policeman's Other Ball, the 1981 Amnesty benefit show (and the spin-off two films, two albums and book) The Secret Policeman's Ball 2006, the 2006 Amnesty benefit show (and the spin-off TV special and DVD) The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008, the 2008 Amnesty benefit show (and the spin-off TV special) The Secret Policeman's Ball 2012, the 2012 Amnesty benefit show The Secret Policeman's Balls (DVD box set), a 3-disc compilation featuring performances recorded through the late 1980s, released in 2009	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wally Roettger Walter Henry Roettger (August 28, 1902 – September 14, 1951) was a professional baseball player who was an outfielder in the major leagues from to . He played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants and Pittsburgh Pirates, being a member of the 1931 World Series champion Cardinals. In 599 games played, Roettger batted .285 (556-1949) with 192 runs scored, 19 home runs and 245 RBI in eight major league seasons. In the 1931 World Series, he hit .286 (4-14). His career fielding percentage was .986 at all three outfield positions. Biography Roettger attended the University of Illinois, graduating in 1924. While at Illinois, he played basketball and baseball. In 1931 while playing for the Cardinals, he got the first hit (off Lefty Grove) and scored the first run in the 1931 World Series. He became the head coach for baseball at the University of Illinois from 1935 to 1951 and an assistant coach for basketball from 1936 to 1949. Roettger committed suicide in Champaign, Illinois. Roettger had two brothers who were involved in Major League Baseball. Hal Roettger served as an assistant to baseball executive Branch Rickey for nearly 20 years until he died unexpectedly in the swimming pool of a Florida motel in 1955. Oscar Roettger was a major league pitcher and first baseman who later coached minor league baseball. References External links , or Retrosheet Category:1902 births Category:1951 deaths Category:American men's basketball players Category:Major League Baseball outfielders Category:Cincinnati Reds players Category:New York Giants (NL) players Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players Category:St. Louis Cardinals players Category:Illinois Fighting Illini baseball coaches Category:Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball coaches Category:Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball players Category:Illinois Wesleyan Titans men's basketball coaches Category:Sportspeople from St. Louis Category:Baseball players from Missouri Category:American people of German descent Category:Baseball players who committed suicide Category:Male suicides Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States Category:Suicides in Illinois Category:Forwards (basketball)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Raven Squad: Operation Hidden Dagger Raven Squad: Operation Hidden Dagger is a real time strategy and tactical first person shooter. It is developed by Hungarian studio Atomic Motion and published by Evolved Games and SouthPeak Games. Raven Squad puts players in control of two groups of mercenary squads who have crash landed behind enemy lines in the Amazonian jungles. Each squad member has different skills which the player must use. Gameplay and plot The game takes place in the year 2011. A plane has crashed in the middle of the Amazon rainforest. Raven Squad was sent there to retrieve the info the plane was carrying. As one of the six squad members, the player must use a combination of first-person shooter and real-time strategy elements to complete their mission. Reception Raven Squad received poor reviews averaging a 40.24% on GameRankings. 3xGamer issued a poor rating of 1.5 out of 5 stars due to frustrating gameplay. References External links Publisher's website Category:2009 video games Category:First-person shooters Category:Real-time strategy video games Category:SouthPeak Games Category:Video games developed in Hungary Category:Video games set in Brazil Category:Windows games Category:Xbox 360 games Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Chandrakanta (author) Chandrakanta (1938- ) is a writer, born in Srinagar, India. She has written many novels and stories in the Hindi language including the epic Katha Satisar, which was awarded the Vyas Samman prize in 2005. To date, her published short stories number about 200. She has also published seven novels as well as poetical works. Her writing concerns socio-political issues and women's concerns in general. The Indian State of Kashmir constitutes the backdrop of most of her writings, especially terrorism and the repercussions of it, notably the mass exodus of the majority community of "Kashmiri Pandits". Her magnum opus is Katha Satisar [2001]. She has been the recipient of several awards, including the Subramanya Bharati award, awarded by the President of India for her literary work. Her works have also been translated in many Indian languages, and into English. Her novel Ailan Gali Zinda Hai has been translated for the first time in English by Manisha Chaudhry, published by Zubaan Books (an imprint of 'Kaali for Women', Penguin India) as A Street in Srinagar, The translation was shortlisted for the 2012 DSC Prize for South Asian Literature. Her latest epic Hindi novel, Katha Satisar (published by Rajkamal publications), has been translated into English by Ranjana Kaul as The Saga of Satisar - published by Zubaan Books. Chandrakanta lives in Gurgaon, India Awards and honors Jammu Kashmir Cultural Academy: Best Book Award Arthantar (1982) Ailan Galli Zinda Hai (1986) O Son Kisri (1994) Katha Satisar (2006) Haryana Sahitya Academy: Apne Apne Konark (1997) Abbu Ne Kaha Tha (2006) Hashiye Ki Ibarathen (2011) Ministry of Human Resources & Development, Govt. of India: Baki Sab Khairiyat Hai (1983) Poshnool Ki Wapasi (1989) Badalte Haalat Mein (2003 – 2004) Hindi Academy, Delhi: Katha Satisar (2002) Vyas Samman, K. K. Birla foundation, Delhi: Katha Satisar, Novel (2005) Chandrawati Shukla Puraskar, Varanasi: Katha Satisar, Novel (2006) Kalpana Chawla Excellence Award for excellence in Hindi Literature (2005) Richa Samman, Delhi for Hindi Literature (2006) Wagmani Samman (2007) Hindi Academy, Delhi Sahityakar Samman (2008) Honored by First Lady of India (Mrs. Sharma) (1996) Rashtriya Bhasha Gaurav Samman (2006) Community Icon Award by All India Kashmiri Samaj (2006) Sauhard Samman, Hindi Sansthan, Uttar Pradesh (2008) Wagh Devi Puraskar, Kamla Goenka Foundation (2011) Bal Mukund Puraskar, Haryana Sahitya Academy (2013) Mahatma Gandhi Sahitya Saman, Lucknow (2014) DSC Prize for South Asian Literature (2012), shortlist, A Street in Srinagar Subramanyam Bharati Sahitya Samman, awarded by the President of India (2017) Works Novels and Story Collections Salakhon Ke Peeche Galat Logon Ke Beech Poshnool Ki Vapasi Ailan Gali Zinda Hai Dahleez Per Niyay Apne Apne Konark O Sonkisri Suraj Ugne Tak Kothe Par Kaga Kali Baraf Katha Nagar Arthantar Katha Satisar Antim Sakshya Yahan Vitasta Behti Hai Baki Sab Khariyat Hai Badalte Haalat Mein Abbu Ne Kaha Tha Tanti Bai Raat Mein Saagar Alcatraz Dekha Anchalik Kahaniyan Prem Kahaniyan Charchit Kahaniyan Yaadgaree Kahaniyan Dus Pratinidhi Kahaniyan Cheynit Kahaniyan Chunihui Kahaniyan Lokpriya Kahaniyan Katha Samagr (4 volumes) Poetry Yaheen Kahin Aas Paas Memoirs Hashiye Kee Ibaratein Mere Bhoj Patr Prashno Ke Dayire mein (Interviews) References External links http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060108/spectrum/book6.htm Category:Hindi-language writers Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:Kashmiri people Category:People from Gurgaon Category:People from Srinagar	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Philip Trusttum Philip Trusttum (born 9 June 1940) is a leading New Zealand figurative expressionist artist. His works are usually large-scale, energetic, and colourful works on unstretched canvas. Trusttum was born in Raetihi, in the central North Island, in 1940 to William and Katherine Trusttum. His father was a Methodist lay preacher, but he became disillusioned with his religious work and in 1945 the Trusttum family left for Christchurch, where Philip attended Waimairi School. The family moved to Oxford in 1948, and again to Rangiora in 1955 and to nearby Ashley in 1957. Philip Trusttum's interest in art was kindled in Oxford, but did not seriously study the subject until he was 20, at which time he was accepted into the University of Canterbury School of Fine Arts. Here, he was taught by Rudolf Gopas, who was to prove a strong influence on the young artist, and through him became interested in expressionism. He was also to become a member of The Group an influential group of Canterbury artists whose members included Colin McCahon, Toss Woollaston, and Doris Lusk. Trusttum graduated with a Diploma in Fine Arts in 1965. In 1967, Trusttum was awarded a Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council scholarship for travel to develop his practice, though his initial overseas trip, to Australia, was met with disaster when many of his finished canvases were damaged in transit. Since then his travels have taken him to both North America and Europe. Since the early 1970s Trusttum's work has largely been inspired by everyday life experiences often worked into a semi-abstract form. His subject matter has ranged from house renovation to tennis, horses to Japanese masks. In 1984, Trusttum participated in ANZART at the Edinburgh Arts Festival. He has shown in Sydney, New York, and Melbourne, as well as in all New Zealand's main centres. In 2000 he became only the second New Zealand artist to be awarded the prestigious Pollock Krasner Foundation grant. Notes References External links Trusttum's website Category:1940 births Category:Living people Category:New Zealand painters Category:People from Raetihi Category:People from Christchurch	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1820 in Scotland Events from the year '1820 in Scotland. Incumbents Monarch – George III (until 29 January), George IV Law officers Lord Advocate – Sir William Rae, Bt Solicitor General for Scotland – James Wedderburn Judiciary Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Granton Lord Justice General – The Duke of Montrose Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle Events 13 March – Clan Grant raid on Elgin in a disputed election to the town council. 1–2 April – a proclamation, signed "By order of the Committee of Organisation for forming a Provisional Government", is distributed in the Glasgow area, beginning the "Radical War" in Scotland. The following day, around 60,000 – particularly weavers – stop work across a wide area of central Scotland. 5 April – Radical War: "Battle of Bonnymuir" – troops capture radicals near Bonnybridge. 8 April – Radical War: Radical prisoners from Paisley are freed from jail in Greenock after militia have killed eight of the crowd. 22 April – Walter Scott is created 1st baronet of Abbotsford in the County of Roxburgh in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. 26 July – opening of Union Chain Bridge across the River Tweed between England and Scotland, designed by Captain Samuel Brown. Its span of 449 ft (137 metres) is the longest in the Western world at this time, and it is the first wrought iron vehicular suspension bridge of its type in Britain. 30 August – Radical War: Radical leader James Wilson, a Strathaven weaver, is executed for treason on Glasgow Green for his part in the rising. 8 September – Radical War: Radical leaders John Baird and Andrew Hardie are executed at Stirling for their part in the rising at Bonnybridge. 10 October – thief David Haggart murders the keeper of the Dumfries tolbooth while escaping imprisonment. 15 December – (1812) is wrecked near Craignish. 22 December–23 May 1821 – Radical War: Remaining prisoners are transported from England to Australia on the convict ship Speke. The United Secession Church is established as a Presbyterian denomination by union of various churches which have seceded from the established Church of Scotland. Finishing of work on Charlotte Square completes the first New Town, Edinburgh. Remainder of the Nor Loch in Edinburgh is drained to form what will become Princes Street Gardens. The Edinburgh botanical garden is moved to the Inverleith site of the modern-day Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Inveraray Jail and Courthouse opened. The mineral thomsonite is first discovered, in Scotland. The Edinburgh Phrenological Society is established. John Walker sets up as a grocer and wine and spirits merchant in Kilmarnock, from where he will sell the blended Scotch whisky which will be branded as Johnnie Walker. The 6th Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published. The Scottish Cemetery at Calcutta is established in British India. Approximate date Construction of Ardlamont House. Development of Barbaraville begins. Gordon Setter dog breed standard formalised by Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon. Births 4 April – David Kirkaldy, engineer, pioneer of materials testing (died 1897 in London) 21 April – Peter Kerr, architect (died 1912 in Australia) 1 May – Henry Yule, orientalist (died 1889 in England) 24 May – William Bruce Robertson, Presbyterian preacher (died 1886) 29 June – Patrick Stirling, locomotive engineer (died 1895 in Doncaster) 5 July – William John Macquorn Rankine, physicist (died 1872) 6 August – Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, entrepreneur, statesman and philanthropist (died 1914 in Canada) William Downie, gold prospector (died 1893 in North America) James Mckenzie, outlaw in New Zealand (died after 1856 in Australia?) Deaths 14 January – Agnes Broun or Burnes, mother of Robert Burns (born 1732) 12 March – Sir Alexander Mackenzie, explorer of Canada (born 1764) 2 April – Thomas Brown, philosopher (born 1778; died in London) 15 April – John Bell, surgeon (born 1763; died in Rome) 4 September – John Dunlop, merchant and miscellaneous writer (born 1755) 6 September – James Ferguson, lawyer, politician and landowner (born 1735; died in London) 11 October – James Keir, geologist, chemist and industrialist (born 1735; died in Birmingham) 8 December – Archibald Colquhoun, lawyer and politician (born c.1754) The arts Robert Chambers's publishing company publishes The Songs of Robert Burns. Walter Scott's novels The Abbot and The Monastery are published anonymously; also the first collected edition of his Poetical Works and his song "Hail to the Chief". Agnes C. Hall's novel The Highland Castle and the Lowland Cottage is published under the pen-name Rosalia St Clair. Robert Archibald Smith's The Scotish [sic.] Minstrel: a selection from the vocal melodies of Scotland ancient and modern begins publication in Edinburgh. David Wilkie paints Reading the Will''. See also 1820 in the United Kingdom References Scotland Category:1820s in Scotland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Phallomedusa solida Phallomedusa solida is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with an operculum, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Phallomedusidae. In 2007, a publication by Golding, Ponder, and Byrne recombined Salinator solida as Phallomedusa solida and moved it to a new family, the Phallomedusidae. Distribution This species lives on the eastern and southern coasts of Australia, in the states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia. Habitat This snail lives in semi-marine conditions, being found most commonly in mangroves, salt-marshes and mud flats. Life habits These snails feed on detritus. References Category:Phallomedusidae Category:Gastropods described in 1878	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Louie Sauer Louis Sauer (September 3, 1915 – September 1985) was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Valparaiso University before playing in the National Basketball League. In the NBL, Woltzen played for the Kankakee Gallagher Trojans during the 1937–38 season and averaged 6.6 points per game. References Category:1915 births Category:1985 deaths Category:American men's basketball players Category:Basketball players from Illinois Category:Basketball players from Indiana Category:Centers (basketball) Category:Forwards (basketball) Category:Kankakee Gallagher Trojans players Category:People from Kankakee County, Illinois Category:Sportspeople from the Chicago metropolitan area Category:Valparaiso Crusaders men's basketball players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Flame of Hope (Special Olympics) The Flame of Hope is the symbol of the Special Olympics. As it is used much in the same spirit as the Olympic Flame at the Olympic Games, the Flame of Hope is lit during a traditional ceremony in Athens, Greece. After lighting, the Flame is relayed on foot to the organizing city. This is done by members of law enforcement agencies (mostly policemen and -women) and Special Olympics athletes. This relay, officially the Law Enforcement Torch Run is the flagship of an international fundraising effort. In 2018, the Flame of Hope was memorialized by the Chicago Park District which erected the "Eternal Flame of Hope" in honor of the Special Olympics. The sculpture by Richard Hunt stands in a plaza next to Soldier Field, where the first games were held 50 years earlier in 1968. References Category:Special Olympics Category:Torch relays	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term is sometimes taken to mean the computation of integrals. Many differential equations cannot be solved using symbolic computation ("analysis"). For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution. Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, for instance in physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved. The problem A first-order differential equation is an Initial value problem (IVP) of the form, where f is a function that maps [t0,∞) × Rd to Rd, and the initial condition y0 ∈ Rd is a given vector. First-order means that only the first derivative of y appears in the equation, and higher derivatives are absent. Without loss of generality to higher-order systems, we restrict ourselves to first-order differential equations, because a higher-order ODE can be converted into a larger system of first-order equations by introducing extra variables. For example, the second-order equation y'' = −y can be rewritten as two first-order equations: y' = z and z' = −y. In this section, we describe numerical methods for IVPs, and remark that boundary value problems (BVPs) require a different set of tools. In a BVP, one defines values, or components of the solution y at more than one point. Because of this, different methods need to be used to solve BVPs. For example, the shooting method (and its variants) or global methods like finite differences, Galerkin methods, or collocation methods are appropriate for that class of problems. The Picard–Lindelöf theorem states that there is a unique solution, provided f is Lipschitz-continuous. Methods Numerical methods for solving first-order IVPs often fall into one of two large categories: linear multistep methods, or Runge–Kutta methods. A further division can be realized by dividing methods into those that are explicit and those that are implicit. For example, implicit linear multistep methods include Adams-Moulton methods, and backward differentiation methods (BDF), whereas implicit Runge–Kutta methods include diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (DIRK), singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (SDIRK), and Gauss–Radau (based on Gaussian quadrature) numerical methods. Explicit examples from the linear multistep family include the Adams–Bashforth methods, and any Runge–Kutta method with a lower diagonal Butcher tableau is explicit. A loose rule of thumb dictates that stiff differential equations require the use of implicit schemes, whereas non-stiff problems can be solved more efficiently with explicit schemes. The so-called general linear methods (GLMs) are a generalization of the above two large classes of methods. Euler method From any point on a curve, you can find an approximation of a nearby point on the curve by moving a short distance along a line tangent to the curve. Starting with the differential equation (1), we replace the derivative y' by the finite difference approximation which when re-arranged yields the following formula and using (1) gives: This formula is usually applied in the following way. We choose a step size h, and we construct the sequence t0, t1 = t0 + h, t2 = t0 + 2h, … We denote by yn a numerical estimate of the exact solution y(tn). Motivated by (3), we compute these estimates by the following recursive scheme This is the Euler method (or forward Euler method, in contrast with the backward Euler method, to be described below). The method is named after Leonhard Euler who described it in 1768. The Euler method is an example of an explicit method. This means that the new value yn+1 is defined in terms of things that are already known, like yn. Backward Euler method If, instead of (2), we use the approximation we get the backward Euler method: The backward Euler method is an implicit method, meaning that we have to solve an equation to find yn+1. One often uses fixed-point iteration or (some modification of) the Newton–Raphson method to achieve this. It costs more time to solve this equation than explicit methods; this cost must be taken into consideration when one selects the method to use. The advantage of implicit methods such as (6) is that they are usually more stable for solving a stiff equation, meaning that a larger step size h can be used. First-order exponential integrator method Exponential integrators describe a large class of integrators that have recently seen a lot of development. They date back to at least the 1960s. In place of (1), we assume the differential equation is either of the form or it has been locally linearized about a background state to produce a linear term and a nonlinear term . Exponential integrators are constructed by multiplying (7) by , and exactly integrating the result over a time interval : This integral equation is exact, but it doesn't define the integral. The first-order exponential integrator can be realized by holding constant over the full interval: Generalizations The Euler method is often not accurate enough. In more precise terms, it only has order one (the concept of order is explained below). This caused mathematicians to look for higher-order methods. One possibility is to use not only the previously computed value yn to determine yn+1, but to make the solution depend on more past values. This yields a so-called multistep method. Perhaps the simplest is the leapfrog method which is second order and (roughly speaking) relies on two time values. Almost all practical multistep methods fall within the family of linear multistep methods, which have the form Another possibility is to use more points in the interval [tn,tn+1]. This leads to the family of Runge–Kutta methods, named after Carl Runge and Martin Kutta. One of their fourth-order methods is especially popular. Advanced features A good implementation of one of these methods for solving an ODE entails more than the time-stepping formula. It is often inefficient to use the same step size all the time, so variable step-size methods have been developed. Usually, the step size is chosen such that the (local) error per step is below some tolerance level. This means that the methods must also compute an error indicator, an estimate of the local error. An extension of this idea is to choose dynamically between different methods of different orders (this is called a variable order method). Methods based on Richardson extrapolation, such as the Bulirsch–Stoer algorithm, are often used to construct various methods of different orders. Other desirable features include: dense output: cheap numerical approximations for the whole integration interval, and not only at the points t0, t1, t2, ... event location: finding the times where, say, a particular function vanishes. This typically requires the use of a root-finding algorithm. support for parallel computing. when used for integrating with respect to time, time reversibility Alternative methods Many methods do not fall within the framework discussed here. Some classes of alternative methods are: multiderivative methods, which use not only the function f but also its derivatives. This class includes Hermite–Obreschkoff methods and Fehlberg methods, as well as methods like the Parker–Sochacki method or Bychkov–Scherbakov method, which compute the coefficients of the Taylor series of the solution y recursively. methods for second order ODEs. We said that all higher-order ODEs can be transformed to first-order ODEs of the form (1). While this is certainly true, it may not be the best way to proceed. In particular, Nyström methods work directly with second-order equations. geometric integration methods are especially designed for special classes of ODEs (e.g., symplectic integrators for the solution of Hamiltonian equations). They take care that the numerical solution respects the underlying structure or geometry of these classes. Quantized state systems methods are a family of ODE integration methods based on the idea of state quantization. They are efficient when simulating sparse systems with frequent discontinuities. Parallel-in-time methods For applications that require parallel computing on supercomputers, the degree of concurrency offered by a numerical method becomes relevant. In view of the challenges from exascale computing systems, numerical methods for initial value problems which can provide concurrency in temporal direction are being studied. Parareal is a relatively well known example of such a parallel-in-time integration method, but early ideas go back into the 1960s. Analysis Numerical analysis is not only the design of numerical methods, but also their analysis. Three central concepts in this analysis are: convergence: whether the method approximates the solution, order: how well it approximates the solution, and stability: whether errors are damped out. Convergence A numerical method is said to be convergent if the numerical solution approaches the exact solution as the step size h goes to 0. More precisely, we require that for every ODE (1) with a Lipschitz function f and every t* > 0, All the methods mentioned above are convergent. Consistency and order Suppose the numerical method is The local (truncation) error of the method is the error committed by one step of the method. That is, it is the difference between the result given by the method, assuming that no error was made in earlier steps, and the exact solution: The method is said to be consistent if The method has order if Hence a method is consistent if it has an order greater than 0. The (forward) Euler method (4) and the backward Euler method (6) introduced above both have order 1, so they are consistent. Most methods being used in practice attain higher order. Consistency is a necessary condition for convergence, but not sufficient; for a method to be convergent, it must be both consistent and zero-stable. A related concept is the global (truncation) error, the error sustained in all the steps one needs to reach a fixed time t. Explicitly, the global error at time t is yN − y(t) where N = (t−t0)/h. The global error of a pth order one-step method is O(hp); in particular, such a method is convergent. This statement is not necessarily true for multi-step methods. Stability and stiffness For some differential equations, application of standard methods—such as the Euler method, explicit Runge–Kutta methods, or multistep methods (e.g., Adams–Bashforth methods)—exhibit instability in the solutions, though other methods may produce stable solutions. This "difficult behaviour" in the equation (which may not necessarily be complex itself) is described as stiffness, and is often caused by the presence of different time scales in the underlying problem. For example, a collision in a mechanical system like in an impact oscillator typically occurs at much smaller time scale than the time for the motion of objects; this discrepancy makes for very "sharp turns" in the curves of the state parameters. Stiff problems are ubiquitous in chemical kinetics, control theory, solid mechanics, weather forecasting, biology, plasma physics, and electronics. One way to overcome stiffness is to extend the notion of differential equation to that of differential inclusion, which allows for and models non-smoothness. History Below is a timeline of some important developments in this field. 1768 - Leonhard Euler publishes his method. 1824 - Augustin Louis Cauchy proves convergence of the Euler method. In this proof, Cauchy uses the implicit Euler method. 1855 - First mention of the multistep methods of John Couch Adams in a letter written by Francis Bashforth. 1895 - Carl Runge publishes the first Runge–Kutta method. 1901 - Martin Kutta describes the popular fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. 1910 - Lewis Fry Richardson announces his extrapolation method, Richardson extrapolation. 1952 - Charles F. Curtiss and Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder coin the term stiff equations. 1963 - Germund Dahlquist introduces A-stability of integration methods. Numerical solutions to second-order one-dimensional boundary value problems Boundary value problems (BVPs) are usually solved numerically by solving an approximately equivalent matrix problem obtained by discretizing the original BVP. The most commonly used method for numerically solving BVPs in one dimension is called the Finite Difference Method. This method takes advantage of linear combinations of point values to construct finite difference coefficients that describe derivatives of the function. For example, the second-order central difference approximation to the first derivative is given by: and the second-order central difference for the second derivative is given by: In both of these formulae, is the distance between neighbouring x values on the discretized domain. One then constructs a linear system that can then be solved by standard matrix methods. For instance, suppose the equation to be solved is: The next step would be to discretize the problem and use linear derivative approximations such as and solve the resulting system of linear equations. This would lead to equations such as: On first viewing, this system of equations appears to have difficulty associated with the fact that the equation involves no terms that are not multiplied by variables, but in fact this is false. At i = 1 and n − 1 there is a term involving the boundary values and and since these two values are known, one can simply substitute them into this equation and as a result have a non-homogeneous linear system of equations that has non-trivial solutions. See also Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition Energy drift General linear methods List of numerical analysis topics#Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations Reversible reference system propagation algorithm Modelica Language and OpenModelica software Notes References J. C. Butcher, Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations, Ernst Hairer, Syvert Paul Nørsett and Gerhard Wanner, Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems, second edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1993. . Ernst Hairer and Gerhard Wanner, Solving ordinary differential equations II: Stiff and differential-algebraic problems, second edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1996. . (This two-volume monograph systematically covers all aspects of the field.) Arieh Iserles, A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations, Cambridge University Press, 1996. (hardback), (paperback). (Textbook, targeting advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, which also discusses numerical partial differential equations.) John Denholm Lambert, Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1991. . (Textbook, slightly more demanding than the book by Iserles.) External links Joseph W. Rudmin, Application of the Parker–Sochacki Method to Celestial Mechanics, 1998. Dominique Tournès, L'intégration approchée des équations différentielles ordinaires (1671-1914), thèse de doctorat de l'université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, juin 1996. Réimp. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1997, 468 p. (Extensive online material on ODE numerical analysis history, for English-language material on the history of ODE numerical analysis, see e.g. the paper books by Chabert and Goldstine quoted by him.) (C++ library with rigorous ODE solvers) INTLAB (A library made by MATLAB/GNU Octave which includes rigorous ODE solvers) Category:Ordinary differential equations	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cyril Lomax Major-General Cyril Ernest Napier Lomax & Two Bars, MC (28 June 1893 – 30 August 1973) was an officer in the British Army during the First World War and Second World War. During the latter he commanded the 16th Infantry Brigade in North Africa and the Middle East, and later commanded the 26th Indian Infantry Division in the Burma Campaign, gaining the approval of Field Marshal Sir William Slim. Early life and First World War Born in Kings Norton, Birmingham, on 28 June 1893, the eldest of three sons of Daniel Alexander Napier Lomax and Emma Annette Morris, Cyril Lomax was educated at Marlborough College and attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Welch Regiment in September 1912. He was posted to the regiment's 2nd Battalion, then serving in Bordon, Hampshire, as part of the 3rd Brigade, part of Major-General Samuel Lomax's 1st Division. Shortly after the First World War began Lomax's battalion, along with the rest of the division, was sent to France, arriving at Le Havre on 14 August. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 November 1914, and served with his battalion throughout 1915 and 1916. In August 1916, by which time he had been awarded the Military Cross, Lomax was appointed second in command of a 20th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment, a Kitchener's Army unit, with the rank of temporary Major. He was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel in June 1917 to command the battalion. He was mentioned in despatches five times throughout the war. Between the wars Having been awarded the Distinguished Service Order during his period in command, Lomax left the 21st Battalion of the Manchester Regiment in June 1919 and reverted from the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel to his substantive rank of captain. In December 1919 he was appointed adjutant of the Welch Regiment. In April 1923, he relinquished his appointment as adjutant of the 3rd battalion and returned to his regiment and in March 1924 was appointed adjutant of the 6th battalion The Welch Regiment. In March 1928 Lomax finished his spell as adjutant of the 6th Battalion The Welch Regiment. In November 1932, Lomax was promoted to Major and in January 1935 he was made a brevet lieutenant colonel. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in November 1936 and given command of the 2nd Battalion The Welch Regiment in India. From March to October 1938, Lomax also commanded of the Delhi Independent Brigade Area with a local rank of brigadier. Lomax was promoted full colonel in July 1939 and was also given command of 16th Infantry Brigade, taking over from Brigadier John Evetts, in Palestine, during the final stages of the Arab revolt in Palestine, with the temporary rank of brigadier. Second World War In September 1940, a year after the Second World War began, Lomax's brigade was sent to Egypt to join Western Desert Force. For Operation Compass in December the brigade was attached to the Indian 4th Infantry Division which had been short a brigade. They saw action in a successful attack on the Italian positions at Sidi Barrani. In mid-December the 4th Indian Division was sent to East Africa and 16th Brigade most of the ensuing period in reserve until mid February when it was withdrawn back to Egypt to join the reforming 6th Infantry Division. For his services from December 1940 to February 1941 Lomax was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. The 16th Brigade was ordered forward in mid June 1941 as reinforcement to the forces advancing north against Vichy-controlled Syria and Lebanon. They experienced hard fighting until the Vichy surrender on 11 July. In September, the 70th Infantry Division (the re-designated 6th Division) was shipped to Tobruk to replace the besieged 9th Australian Division. During Operation Crusader the brigade's battalions were involved in the break-out from Tobruk to link with the New Zealand Division on the night of 26 November. However, a permanent relief of Tobruk was not achieved until a week later. In February 1942, 70th Division was ordered to India. The 16th Brigade set off in March but following the fall of Singapore, the Royal Navy's most important remaining base in the East at Trincomalee in Ceylon was felt to be under threat from the Japanese and the brigade was diverted to Ceylon where it was attached to 34th Indian Infantry Division. Lomax was appointed Fortress Commander in June 1942 and given the rank of acting Major-General in July. In March 1943, Lomax travelled to India to take command of 26th Indian Infantry Division. He was immediately ordered to the Arakan to replace Major-General Lloyd who had incurred the Army commander's displeasure (Noel Irwin). Part of the problem had been that after an encouraging start the campaign had gone into reverse and Irwin had committed more and more brigades until Lloyd's divisional headquarters had ended up with nine brigades under command, far too many to control effectively. Finally Irwin introduced Indian XV Corps HQ under William Slim to take control. By 8 May after heavy fighting the British were back to the point they had started at the previous December but the front had been stabilised. Slim later wrote of Lomax: In October 1943, Slim was made commander of Fourteenth Army and Lomax spent a month as an acting lieutenant general in charge of XV Corps pending the arrival of the new commander, Philip Christison. When the Japanese launched their HA-GO offensive in February 1944, Indian XV Corps had Indian 5th and 7th Infantry Divisions forward with 36th Infantry Division and Lomax's Indian 26th Infantry Division pulled back in reserve. The Japanese tactic was to infiltrate to cut off the forward divisions' line of supply and so force their capitulation. Army commander Slim had anticipated this and ordered that the forward divisions should fight where they stood and be supplied by air. Meanwhile, the reserve divisions were to fight their way forward and so crush the Japanese between them. By mid March, the 26th Indian Division, with responsibility for the eastern half of the front, had linked up with 7th Indian Division. Heavy fighting continued as XV Corps strove to take the important Maundaw-Buthidaung road. Finally, on 5 May, Lomax's division captured Point 551, the key hill, to seal the victory. Lomax's rank of Major-General was made substantive in December 1944. In January 1945, Lomax was given the task of capturing Ramree Island. After landing two brigades on the north end of the island on 21 and 22 January, they had fought their way south to Ramree town by 9 February and resistance ceased by 17 February. Having commanded his division for two years, Lomax was rested and saw no further action before the war came to an end. Post-war Returning to the UK Lomax became GOC East Anglia District. His final assignment was as President of the No.1 Commissions Board, relinquishing the appointment in August 1949 and retiring from the army the following month. In retirement he maintained his links with the army as the honorary colonel of 44th Infantry Division Signals Regiment, a territorial signals unit, from 1948 until 1950 and was Colonel of the Welch Regiment from 1949 until 1958. Together with John de Courcy, Lomax wrote a history of the Welch Regiment for the years 1919–1951, which was published in 1952. Personal Lomax was married to Rene Lomax. Their son Peter Francis Napier Lomax, a pilot officer with 229 Squadron, RAF died on 24 February 1940. References Bibliography External links Generals of World War II \|- Category:1893 births Category:1973 deaths Category:British Army generals of World War II Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:British military personnel of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Category:People educated at Marlborough College Category:People from Kings Norton Category:Recipients of the Military Cross Category:Recipients of the War Cross for Military Valor Category:Welch Regiment officers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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