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wiki_12700_chunk_0 | Windows Calculator | In older versions of the calculator, some transcendental function operations, such as square root operator (sqrt(4) − 2 = −8.1648465955514287168521180122928e−39), caused the number to be calculated incorrectly due to catastrophic cancelation. Older versions of the universal Calculator in non-LTSC editions of Windows 10... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12701_chunk_0 | Wrinkle-resistant fabric | In older washing machines, the permanent press setting sprays moisture during the spin cycle to maintain the moisture content of the permanent press fabrics above a certain specified limit to reduce wrinkling. Most older clothes dryers feature an automatic permanent press setting, which puts clothes through a cool-down... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12702_chunk_0 | Bundle (software distribution) | In oligopolistic and monopolistic industries, product bundling can be seen as an unfair use of market power because it limits the choices available to the consumer. In these cases it is typically called product tying. Some forms of product bundling have been subject to litigation regarding abuses of market share. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12703_chunk_0 | Combinatorial synthesis | In omission libraries a certain amino acid is missing from all peptides of the mixture. The figure shows the full library and the three omission libraries. At the top the omitted amino acids are shown. If the omission library gives a negative test the omitted amino acid is present in the active component. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12704_chunk_0 | Tip and ring | For larger cable assemblies more complex schemes, such as the 25-pair color code, are used. Some telephone technicians used mnemonic phrases, such as red-right-ring-rear, or ring-right-red-rough, to remember that the red wire connects to the right-side post in the wall jack and to the ring on the plug and to the rear l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12705_chunk_0 | Indigenous archaeology | In once-colonial nations, the efforts of current governments to reconcile with First Nations people is having direct effects on the practical and legal aspects of stewardship of archaeological resources. Waves of globally and federally endorsed recognition of Aboriginal rights in general, and of heritage stewardship in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12706_chunk_0 | Burnup | In once-through nuclear fuel cycles, higher burnup reduces the number of elements that need to be buried. However, short-term heat emission, one deep geological repository limiting factor, is predominantly from medium-lived fission products, particularly 137Cs (30.08 year half life) and 90Sr (28.9 year half life). As t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12707_chunk_0 | Burnup | High-burnup fuel generates a smaller volume of fuel for reprocessing, but with a higher specific activity. Unprocessed used fuel from current light-water reactors consists of 5% fission products and 95% actinides (most of it uranium), and is dangerously radiotoxic, requiring special custody, for 300,000 years. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12708_chunk_0 | Burnup | In the case of 137Cs or 90Sr this "special custody" could also take the form of use for food irradiation or as fuel in a radioisotope thermoelectric generator. As both the native elements strontium and caesium and their oxides—chemical forms in which they can be found in oxide or metal fuel—form soluble hydroxides upon... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12709_chunk_0 | Class III β-tubulin | In oncology, class III β-tubulin has been investigated as both a prognostic biomarker and an indicator of resistance to taxanes and other compounds. The majority of reports implicate class III β-tubulin as a biomarker of poor outcome. However, there are also data in clear cell carcinoma, melanoma and breast cancer show... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12710_chunk_0 | Class III β-tubulin | Class III β-tubulin performs best as a prognostic biomarker when analyzed in the context of an integrated signature including upstream regulators and downstream effectors. TUBB3 mutation is associated with microlissencephaly. Overexpression of this isotype in clinical samples correlates with tumor aggressiveness, resis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12711_chunk_0 | Warburg effect (oncology) | In oncology, the Warburg effect () is the observation that most cancer cells produce energy predominantly not through the 'usual' citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria as observed in normal cells, but through a less efficient process of 'aerobic glycolysis' consisting of a high level of gl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12712_chunk_0 | Fractional kill | In oncology, the fact that one round of chemotherapy does not kill all the cells in a tumor is a poorly understood phenomenon called fractional kill, or fractional cell kill. The fractional kill hypothesis states that a defined chemotherapy concentration, applied for a defined time period, will kill a constant fraction... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12713_chunk_0 | Fractional kill | The goal is to reduce the tumor population to zero with successive fractional kills. For example, assuming a 99% kill per cycle of chemotherapy, a tumor of 1011 cells would be reduced to less than one cell with six treatment cycles: 1011 * 0.016 < 1. However, the tumor can also re-grow during the intervals between trea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12714_chunk_0 | Hilbert's second problem | In one English translation, Hilbert asks: "When we are engaged in investigating the foundations of a science, we must set up a system of axioms which contains an exact and complete description of the relations subsisting between the elementary ideas of that science. ... But above all I wish to designate the following a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12715_chunk_0 | Hilbert's second problem | Hilbert's statement is sometimes misunderstood, because by the "arithmetical axioms" he did not mean a system equivalent to Peano arithmetic, but a stronger system with a second-order completeness axiom. The system Hilbert asked for a completeness proof of is more like second-order arithmetic than first-order Peano ari... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12716_chunk_0 | Hilbert's second problem | There are many known proofs that Peano arithmetic is consistent that can be carried out in strong systems such as Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. These do not provide a resolution to Hilbert's second question, however, because someone who doubts the consistency of Peano arithmetic is unlikely to accept the axioms of set t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12717_chunk_0 | Hilbert's second problem | Thus a satisfactory answer to Hilbert's problem must be carried out using principles that would be acceptable to someone who does not already believe PA is consistent. Such principles are often called finitistic because they are completely constructive and do not presuppose a completed infinity of natural numbers. Göde... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12718_chunk_0 | Parental alienation syndrome | In one New York case, Matter of Robert Coull v. Pamela Rottman, 15 N.Y.S.3d 834, 131 AD 3d 964 (2015), child support was suspended based upon a trial court's finding of a parent's alienating behaviors. The court found that the father was prevented from seeing his son by the child's mother through a "pattern of alienati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12719_chunk_0 | Mobile Banking | In one academic model, mobile banking is defined as: Mobile Banking refers to provision and availment of banking- and financial services with the help of mobile telecommunication devices.The scope of offered services may include facilities to conduct bank and stock market transactions, to administer accounts and to acc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12720_chunk_0 | Allylic rearrangement | In one adaptation called a SN2' reduction a formal organic reduction on an allyl group containing a good leaving group is accompanied by a rearrangement. One example of such reaction is found as part of a taxol total synthesis (ring C): The hydride is lithium aluminium hydride and the leaving group a phosphonium salt. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12721_chunk_0 | Prato reaction | In one application a liquid fullerene is obtained when the pyrrolidone substituent is a 2,4,6-tris(alkyloxy)phenyl group although a small amount of solvent is still possibly present. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12722_chunk_0 | Atropisomer | In one application the asymmetry in an atropisomer is transferred in a chemical reaction to a new stereocenter. The atropisomer is an iodoaryl compound synthesised starting from (S)-valine and exists as the (M,S) isomer and the (P,S) isomer. The interconversion barrier between the two is 24.3 kcal/mol (101.7 kJ/mol). T... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12723_chunk_0 | Atropisomer | The iodine group is homolytically removed to form an aryl radical by a tributyltin hydride/triethylboron/oxygen mixture as in the Barton–McCombie reaction. Although the hindered rotation is now removed in the aryl radical, the intramolecular reaction with the alkene is so much faster than is rotation of the carbon–nitr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12724_chunk_0 | Atropisomer | The most important class of atropisomers are biaryls such as diphenic acid, which is a derivative of biphenyl with a complete set of ortho substituents. Heteroaromatic analogues of the biphenyl compounds also exist, where hindered rotation occurs about a carbon-nitrogen or a nitrogen-nitrogen bond. Others are dimers of... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12725_chunk_0 | Atropisomer | In a similar way, aliphatic ring systems like cyclohexanes linked through a single bond may display atropisomerism provided that bulky substituents are present. The use of axially chiral biaryl compounds such as BINAP, QUINAP and BINOL, have been found to be useful in the area of asymmetric catalysis as chiral ligands.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12726_chunk_0 | Atropisomer | Other reactions that can be catalyzed by the use of chiral biaryl compounds are the Grignard reaction, Ullmann reaction, and the Suzuki reaction. A recent example in the area of chiral biaryl asymmetric catalysis employs a five-membered imidazole as part of the atropisomer scaffold. This specific phosphorus, nitrogen-l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12727_chunk_0 | Dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor | In one arrangement, the motor has an ordinary induction motor stator. A squirrel-cage rotor connected to the output shaft rotates within the stator at slightly less than the rotating field from the stator. Within the squirrel-cage rotor is a freely rotating permanent magnet rotor, which is locked in with rotating field... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12728_chunk_0 | Compartment syndrome | In one case series of 164 people with acute compartment syndrome, 69% of the cases had an associated fracture. The authors of that article also calculated an annual incidence of acute compartment syndrome of 1 to 7.3 per 100,000. There are significant differences in the incidence of acute compartment syndrome based on ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12729_chunk_0 | Compartment syndrome | Men are ten times more likely than women to develop ACS. The mean age for ACS in men is 30 years while the mean age is 44 years for women. Acute compartment syndrome may occur more often in individuals less than 35 years old due to increased muscle mass within the compartments . The anterior compartment of the leg is t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12730_chunk_0 | Brain organoid | In one case, a cerebral organoid grown from a patient with microcephaly demonstrated related symptoms and revealed that apparently, the cause is overly rapid development, followed by slower brain growth. Microencephaly is a developmental condition in which the brain remains undersized, producing an undersized head and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12731_chunk_0 | Phosphoryl chloride | In one commercial application, phosphoryl chloride is used in the manufacture of phosphate esters. Triarylphosphates such as triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate are used as flame retardants and plasticisers for PVC. Trialkylphosphates such as tributyl phosphate are used as liquid–liquid extraction solvents in n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12732_chunk_0 | Linguistic purism | In the case of Low German, spoken in eastern Netherlands and northern Germany, the debate is still current, as it could be considered a dialect of Dutch or German or a language of its own. An example of a related language that has only recently attained the status of an official national language is Luxembourgish. Sinc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12733_chunk_0 | ANOVA gauge R&R | In one common crossed study, 10 parts might each be measured two times by two different operators. The ANOVA then allows the individual sources of variation in the measurement data to be identified; the part-to-part variation, the repeatability of the measurements, the variation due to different operators; and the vari... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12734_chunk_0 | Scroll (art) | In one common spreading type for wide areas, the basic form of the arabesque is a heart shape formed from two confronted volutes on stems, shown highlighted in green in the illustration. To this core are added any number of further volutes, above, below or to the sides. It is thus a motif which can be infinitely expand... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12735_chunk_0 | Bottom bracket | However, Cannondale moved on from that system and developed the SI cranks and the new BB30 unthreaded press-fit bottom bracket standard. BB30 requires special frames which have a 42 mm diameter unthreaded bottom bracket shell (which is larger than the 34.9 mm threaded ISO standard threads) allowing use of internal seal... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12736_chunk_0 | Position Operator | In one dimension – for a particle confined into a straight line – the square modulus of a normalized square integrable wave-function represents the probability density of finding the particle at some position x {\displaystyle x} of the real-line, at a certain time. In other terms, if – at a certain instant of time – th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12737_chunk_0 | Position Operator | Note 1. To be more explicit, we have introduced the coordinate function which simply imbeds the position-line into the complex plane. It is nothing more than the canonical embedding of the real line into the complex plane. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12738_chunk_0 | Position Operator | Note 2. The expected value of the position operator, upon a wave function (state) ψ {\displaystyle \psi } can be reinterpreted as a scalar product: assuming the particle in the state ψ ∈ L 2 {\displaystyle \psi \in L^{2}} and assuming the function x ψ {\displaystyle \mathrm {x} \psi } be of class L 2 {\displaystyle L^{... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12739_chunk_0 | Sperner's Lemma | In one dimension, Sperner's Lemma can be regarded as a discrete version of the intermediate value theorem. In this case, it essentially says that if a discrete function takes only the values 0 and 1, begins at the value 0 and ends at the value 1, then it must switch values an odd number of times. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12740_chunk_0 | Exact differential | In one dimension, a differential form A ( x ) d x {\displaystyle A(x)\,dx} is exact if and only if A {\displaystyle A} has an antiderivative (but not necessarily one in terms of elementary functions). If A {\displaystyle A} has an antiderivative and let Q {\displaystyle Q} be an antiderivative of A {\displaystyle A} so... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12741_chunk_0 | Edge-of-the-wedge theorem | In one dimension, a simple case of the edge-of-the-wedge theorem can be stated as follows. Suppose that f is a continuous complex-valued function on the complex plane that is holomorphic on the upper half-plane, and on the lower half-plane. Then it is holomorphic everywhere.In this example, the two wedges are the upper... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12742_chunk_0 | Barzilai-Borwein method | In one dimension, both BB step sizes are equal and same as the classical secant method. The long BB step size is the same as a linearized Cauchy step, i.e. the first estimate using a secant-method for the line search (also, for linear problems). The short BB step size is same as a linearized minimum-residual step. BB a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12743_chunk_0 | Barzilai-Borwein method | Convergence is usually non-monotone, that is, neither the objective function nor the residual or gradient magnitude necessarily decrease with each iteration along a successful convergence toward the solution. If f {\displaystyle f} is a quadratic function with Hessian A {\displaystyle A} , 1 / α L O N G {\displaystyle ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12744_chunk_0 | Generalized balanced ternary | In one dimension, generalized balanced ternary is equivalent to standard balanced ternary, with three digits (0, 1, and -1). B {\displaystyle B} is a 1 × 1 {\displaystyle 1\times 1} matrix, and the digits D i {\displaystyle D_{i}} are length-1 vectors, so they appear here without the extra brackets. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12745_chunk_0 | Sobolev space | In one dimension, some other Sobolev spaces permit a simpler description. For example, W 1 , 1 ( 0 , 1 ) {\displaystyle W^{1,1}(0,1)} is the space of absolutely continuous functions on (0, 1) (or rather, equivalence classes of functions that are equal almost everywhere to such), while W 1 , ∞ ( I ) {\displaystyle W^{1,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12746_chunk_0 | Ground state | In one dimension, the ground state of the Schrödinger equation can be proven to have no nodes. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12747_chunk_0 | Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem | In one dimension, the result is intuitive and easy to prove. The continuous function f is defined on a closed interval and takes values in the same interval. Saying that this function has a fixed point amounts to saying that its graph (dark green in the figure on the right) intersects that of the function defined on t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12748_chunk_0 | Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem | To prove this, consider the function g which maps x to f(x) − x. It is ≥ 0 on a and ≤ 0 on b. By the intermediate value theorem, g has a zero in ; this zero is a fixed point. Brouwer is said to have expressed this as follows: "Instead of examining a surface, we will prove the theorem about a piece of string. Let us beg... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12749_chunk_0 | Sign language in the brain | The other deaf signers' primary language is sign language, but they did not learn it until between the ages of two to sixteen.In the experiment of generating simple and complex images, deaf individuals were the quickest, followed by hearing signers and then hearing non-signers. This was expected; however, looking at a ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12750_chunk_0 | Sign language in the brain | At least in this area, experience with a visual-spatial language provides quicker reaction times. The results are consistent with abilities recruited for processing sign language being enhanced in the brain, compared to those abilities in non-signers. A couple of things the subjects were tested on were mental rotation ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12751_chunk_0 | Lady Macbeth effect | In one experiment, different groups of participants were asked to recall a good or bad past deed, after which they were asked to fill in the letters of three incomplete words: "W_ _H", "SH_ _ER" and "S_ _P". Those who had been asked to recall a bad deed were about 60% more likely to respond with cleansing-related words... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12752_chunk_0 | Stem cell lineage database | In one experiment, they used a chimera of mouse and human stem cells to address sickle cell anemia treatment. There are still many issues that need to be addressed before performing stem cell therapeutic techniques on humans, but advancements are being made in model organisms with homologous structures. In the sickle c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12753_chunk_0 | Stem cell lineage database | Following this induction, mice formed symptoms similar to the symptoms of humans with sickle cell anemia. Through retroviral transduction of combinations of transcription factors, human and mice fibroblast cells were reprogrammed to pluripotent-stem cell-like cells (also termed “induced pluripotent stem cells,” or iPS)... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12754_chunk_0 | Stem cell lineage database | Next, they wanted to test whether or not hematopoietic progenitors (HPs) would derive from the reprogrammed iPS cells and correct the sickle cell phenotype. Through many tests, they verified that the HPs had derived from the iPS cells. Later in their results, they concluded that when these iPS cells were introduced int... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12755_chunk_0 | Inertial guidance | In one form, the navigational system of equations acquires linear and angular measurements from the inertial and body frame, respectively and calculates the final attitude and position in the NED frame of reference. Where f is specific force, ω {\displaystyle \omega } is angular rate, a is acceleration, R is position, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12756_chunk_0 | Māori mythology | Te Mākū and Mahoranuiatea wed to form Rangi. : 56 In other versions the evolution of the universe is likened to a tree, with its base, tap roots, branching roots, and root hairs. Another theme likens evolution to the development of a child in the womb, as in the sequence “the seeking, the searching, the conception, the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12757_chunk_0 | Inductive charging | Another downside is that the technology requires a precise alignment between the inductive pick-up and the charging facility.In November 2011, the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, and Qualcomm announced a trial of 13 wireless charging points and 50 EVs in the Shoreditch area of London's Tech City, due to be rolled out i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12758_chunk_0 | Feynman's path integral | In one interpretation of quantum mechanics, the "sum over histories" interpretation, the path integral is taken to be fundamental, and reality is viewed as a single indistinguishable "class" of paths that all share the same events. For this interpretation, it is crucial to understand what exactly an event is. The sum-o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12759_chunk_0 | Melamine | Melamine also is used in the fabrication of melamine polysulfonate, used as a superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete. Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) is a polymer used as a cement admixture to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of the mix during h... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12760_chunk_0 | Xylene | In one large-scale application, para-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid. The major application of ortho-xylene is as a precursor to phthalate esters, used as plasticizer. Meta-xylene is converted to isophthalic acid derivatives, which are components of alkyd resins. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12761_chunk_0 | Technology and society | In one line of thought, technology develops autonomously, in other words, technology seems to feed on itself, moving forward with a force irresistible by humans. To these individuals, technology is "inherently dynamic and self-augmenting. "Jacques Ellul is one proponent of the irresistibleness of technology to humans. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12762_chunk_0 | Technology and society | However, he does not believe that this seeming autonomy of technology is inherent. But the perceived autonomy is because humans do not adequately consider the responsibility that is inherent in technological processes. Langdon Winner critiques the idea that technological evolution is essentially beyond the control of i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12763_chunk_0 | Parabola | In one method of numerical integration one replaces the graph of a function by arcs of parabolas and integrates the parabola arcs. A parabola is determined by three points. The formula for one arc is The method is called Simpson's rule. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12764_chunk_0 | Rado graph | By quadratic reciprocity and the restriction of the vertices to primes congruent to 1 mod 4, this is a symmetric relation, so it defines an undirected graph, which turns out to be isomorphic to the Rado graph.Another construction of the Rado graph shows that it is an infinite circulant graph, with the integers as its v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12765_chunk_0 | Content farm | In one of Google's promotional videos for search published in the summer of 2010, the majority of the links available were reported to be produced at content farms. In late February 2011, Google announced it was adjusting search algorithms significantly to "provide better rankings for high-quality sites—sites with orig... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12766_chunk_0 | Richard Trevithick | In one of Trevithick's more unusual projects, he attempted to build a 'recoil engine' similar to the aeolipile described by Hero of Alexandria in about AD 50. Trevithick's engine comprised a boiler feeding a hollow axle to route the steam to a catherine wheel with two fine-bore steam jets on its circumference. The firs... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12767_chunk_0 | Shing-Tung Yau | In one of Yau's earliest papers, written with Blaine Lawson, a number of fundamental results were found on the topology of closed Riemannian manifolds with nonpositive curvature. Their flat torus theorem characterizes the existence of a flat and totally geodesic immersed torus in terms of the algebra of the fundamental... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12768_chunk_0 | Shing-Tung Yau | Similar results were obtained at the same time by Detlef Gromoll and Joseph Wolf. Their results have been extended to the broader context of isometric group actions on metric spaces of nonpositive curvature.Jeff Cheeger and Yau studied the heat kernel on a Riemannian manifold. They established the special case of Riema... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12769_chunk_0 | Shing-Tung Yau | Specializing to rotationally symmetric metrics, they used the exponential map to transplant the heat kernel to a geodesic ball on a general Riemannian manifold. Under the assumption that the symmetric "model" space under-estimates the Ricci curvature of the manifold itself, they carried out a direct calculation showing... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12770_chunk_0 | Adlerian Psychology | When compensation occurs, other areas of the body make up for the function lacking in the inferior portion. In some cases, the weakness may be overcompensated transforming it into a strength. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12771_chunk_0 | Richard S. Hamilton | In one of his earliest works, Hamilton proved the Earle–Hamilton fixed point theorem in collaboration with Clifford Earle. In unpublished lecture notes from the 1980s, Hamilton introduced the Yamabe flow and proved its long-time existence. In collaboration with Shiing-Shen Chern, Hamilton studied certain variational pr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12772_chunk_0 | Vladimir Mazya | In one of his early papers, Maz'ya (1961) considers the Dirichlet problem for the following linear elliptic equation: (1) L u = ∇ ( A ( x ) ∇ ) u + b ( x ) ∇ u + c ( x ) u = f x ∈ Ω ⊂ R n {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}u=\nabla (A(x)\nabla )u+\mathbf {b} (x)\nabla u+c(x)u=f\qquad x\in \Omega \subset \mathbf {R} ^{n}} whe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12773_chunk_0 | Tian Gang | In one of his first articles, Tian studied the space of Calabi-Yau metrics on a Kähler manifold. He showed that any infinitesimal deformation of Calabi-Yau structure can be 'integrated' to a one-parameter family of Calabi-Yau metrics; this proves that the "moduli space" of Calabi-Yau metrics on the given manifold has t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12774_chunk_0 | Tian Gang | The approximability of a Kähler metric by Kähler metrics induced from projective embeddings is also relevant to Yau's picture of the Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture, as indicated above. In a highly technical article, Xiuxiong Chen and Tian studied the regularity theory of certain complex Monge-Ampère equations, with appl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12775_chunk_0 | Einstein's unsuccessful investigations | In one of his three Annus mirabilis papers of 1905, on special relativity, Albert Einstein noted that, given a specific definition of the word "force" (a definition which he later agreed was not advantageous), and if we choose to maintain (by convention) Newton's second law of motion F = ma (mass times acceleration equ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12776_chunk_0 | Mace of the United States House of Representatives | The first Speaker of the House, Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania, approved the mace as the proper symbol of the Sergeant at Arms in carrying out the duties of this office.The current mace has been in use since December 1, 1842. It was created by New York silversmith William Adams, at a cost of $400 (equivalent to $... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12777_chunk_0 | Proton radius puzzle | In one of the attempts to resolve the puzzle without new physics, Alarcón et al. (2018) of Jefferson Lab have proposed that a different technique to fit the experimental scattering data, in a theoretically as well as analytically justified manner, produces a proton charge radius from the existing electron scattering da... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12778_chunk_0 | Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) | This action was something he requested many times whilst working in the simulator. The result was a series of unexpected error codes during the live descent. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12779_chunk_0 | Lilioid monocots | Rolf Dahlgren and colleagues were responsible for one of the most radical reorganisation of families, and in their 1985 monocot monograph defined the two orders (Asparagales and Liliales) which contain the bulk of monocot geophytes, as constituting the lilioid monocots.The development of DNA sequencing and the use of g... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12780_chunk_0 | Leader election | In one of the early works, Chang and Roberts proposed a uniform algorithm in which a processor with the highest ID is selected as the leader. Each processor sends its ID in a clockwise direction. A process receiving a message and compares it with its own. If it is bigger, it passes it through, otherwise it will discard... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12781_chunk_0 | Great Cipher | In one of the encrypted letters between Louis XIV and his marshal Nicolas de Catinat appeared a possible solution to the mystery of the Man in the Iron Mask. The letter concerned a general named Vivien de Bulonde who was to attack the Italian town of Cuneo but instead fled, fearing the arrival of the Austrians, and con... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12782_chunk_0 | Electronic cigarette | In one of the few studies identified, a 2015 survey of 316 pregnant women in a Maryland clinic found that the majority had heard of e-cigarettes, 13% had used them, and 0.6% were current daily users. These findings are of concern because the dose of nicotine delivered by e-cigarettes can be as high or higher than that ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12783_chunk_0 | Popular religion | In one of the first major academic works on the subject, titled Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion, Joshua Trachtenberg provided a definition of Jewish folk religion as consisting of ideas and practices that, whilst not meeting with the approval of religious leaders, enjoyed wide popularity such th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12784_chunk_0 | Infinite Monkey Theorem | In one of the forms in which probabilists now know this theorem, with its "dactylographic" monkeys (French: singes dactylographes; the French word singe covers both the monkeys and the apes), appeared in Émile Borel's 1913 article "Mécanique Statistique et Irréversibilité" (Statistical mechanics and irreversibility), ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12785_chunk_0 | Infinite Monkey Theorem | If an army of monkeys were strumming on typewriters they might write all the books in the British Museum. The chance of their doing so is decidedly more favourable than the chance of the molecules returning to one half of the vessel. These images invite the reader to consider the incredible improbability of a large but... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12786_chunk_0 | Infinite Monkey Theorem | Any physical process that is even less likely than such monkeys' success is effectively impossible, and it may safely be said that such a process will never happen. It is clear from the context that Eddington is not suggesting that the probability of this happening is worthy of serious consideration. On the contrary, i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12787_chunk_0 | Kyle Lockwood | In one of the lectures at Massey University, the topic of attaching flagpoles to buildings came up, and Lockwood started sketching a flag. He considered a Union Jack but thought that a silver fern was more appropriate, and added the Southern Cross from the current New Zealand flag. Lockwood put the design away and publ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12788_chunk_0 | Silver(I) chloride | For AgBr and AgI, the Ksp values are 5.2 x 10−13 and 8.3 x 10−17, respectively. Silver bromide (slightly yellowish white) and silver iodide (bright yellow) are also significantly more photosensitive than is AgCl.AgCl quickly darkens on exposure to light by disintegrating into elemental chlorine and metallic silver. Thi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12789_chunk_0 | NASA research | In one of the nation's largest restoration projects, NASA technology helps state and federal government reclaim 15,100 acres (61 km2) of salt evaporation ponds in South San Francisco Bay. Satellite sensors are used by scientists to study the effect of salt evaporation on local ecology.NASA has started Energy Efficiency... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12790_chunk_0 | Hawthorne Effect | Providing food during the breaks. Shortening the day by 30 minutes (output went up); shortening it more (output per hour went up, but overall output decreased); returning to the first condition (where output peaked).Changing a variable usually increased productivity, even if the variable was just a change back to the o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12791_chunk_0 | Cefapirin | In one of the syntheses, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is reacted with bromoacetyl chloride to give the amide. The halo group is then displaced by 4-thiopyridine. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12792_chunk_0 | Memistor | In one of the technical reports the memistor was described as follows: Like the transistor, the memistor is a 3-terminal element. The conductance between two of the terminals is controlled by the time integral of the current in the third, rather than its instantaneous value as in the transistor. Reproducible elements h... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12793_chunk_0 | Memistor | Since the conductance was described as being controlled by the time integral of current as in Chua's theory of the memristor, the memistor of Widrow may be considered as a form of memristor having three instead of two terminals. However, one of the main limitations of Widrow's memistors was that they were made from an ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12794_chunk_0 | ReCAPTCHA | In one of the variants of CAPTCHA challenges, images are not incrementally highlighted, but fade out when clicked, and replaced with a new image fading in, resembling whack-a-mole. Criticism has been aimed at the long duration taken for the images to fade out and in. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12795_chunk_0 | Digital microfluidic | In one of various embodiments of EWOD-based microfluidic biochips, investigated first by Cytonix in 1987 and subsequently commercialized by Advanced Liquid Logic, there are two parallel glass plates. The bottom plate contains a patterned array of individually controllable electrodes and the top plate is coated with a ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12796_chunk_0 | Amine-keto condensation | In one potential application, p-aminocinnamaldehyde is able to differentiate between cysteine and homocysteine. With cysteine, a buffered water solution of the aldehyde changes from yellow to colorless due to a secondary ring closing reaction of the imine. Homocysteine is unable to give ring closure and the color does ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12797_chunk_0 | Binomial regression | In one published example of an application of binomial regression, the details were as follows. The observed outcome variable was whether or not a fault occurred in an industrial process. There were two explanatory variables: the first was a simple two-case factor representing whether or not a modified version of the p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12798_chunk_0 | Pythagorean equation | In one rearrangement proof, two squares are used whose sides have a measure of a + b {\displaystyle a+b} and which contain four right triangles whose sides are a, b and c, with the hypotenuse being c. In the square on the right side, the triangles are placed such that the corners of the square correspond to the corners... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_12799_chunk_0 | Pythagorean equation | With the area of the four triangles removed from both side of the equation what remains is a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}.} In another proof rectangles in the second box can also be placed such that both have one corner that correspond to consecutive corners of the square. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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