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wiki_7800_chunk_0 | Mindfulness meditation | In media reports, people have attributed unexpected effects of increasing fear and anxiety, panic or "meltdowns" after practicing, which they suggest could expose bipolar vulnerability or repressed PTSD symptoms. However, according to published peer-reviewed academic articles, these negative effects of meditation are r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7801_chunk_0 | Concision (media studies) | On the other hand, suppose you're saying something that isn't just regurgitating conventional pieties, suppose you say something that's the least bit unexpected or controversial, people will quite reasonably expect to know what you mean. If you said that you'd better have a reason, better have some evidence. You can't ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7802_chunk_0 | Media influence | In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and the media effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media rea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7803_chunk_0 | Media influence | Bryant and Zillmann defined media effects as "the social, cultural, and psychological impact of communicating via the mass media". Perse stated that media effects researchers study "how to control, enhance, or mitigate the impact of the mass media on individuals and society". Lang stated media effects researchers study... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7804_chunk_0 | GPU virtualization | In mediated device pass-through or full GPU virtualization, the GPU hardware provides contexts with virtual memory ranges for each guest through IOMMU and the hypervisor sends graphical commands from guests directly to the GPU. This technique is a form of hardware-assisted virtualization and achieves near-native perfor... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7805_chunk_0 | Artificial powered exoskeleton | The Ekso GT, made by Ekso Bionics, is the first exoskeleton to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for stroke patients. The German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence has developed two general purpose powered exoskeletons, CAPIO and VI-Bot. These are primarily being used for teleoperation. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7806_chunk_0 | Voronoi cell | In medical diagnosis, models of muscle tissue, based on Voronoi diagrams, can be used to detect neuromuscular diseases. In epidemiology, Voronoi diagrams can be used to correlate sources of infections in epidemics. One of the early applications of Voronoi diagrams was implemented by John Snow to study the 1854 Broad St... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7807_chunk_0 | Specificity and sensitivity | Sensitivity and specificity are prevalence-independent test characteristics, as their values are intrinsic to the test and do not depend on the disease prevalence in the population of interest. Positive and negative predictive values, but not sensitivity or specificity, are values influenced by the prevalence of diseas... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7808_chunk_0 | Medical dictionaries | In medical dictionaries, definitions should to the greatest extent possible be: Simple and easy to understand, preferably even by the general public Useful clinically or in related areas where the definition will be used. Specific, that is, by reading the definition only, it should ideally not be possible to refer to a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7809_chunk_0 | Definition | In medical dictionaries, guidelines and other consensus statements and classifications, definitions should as far as possible be: simple and easy to understand, preferably even by the general public; useful clinically or in related areas where the definition will be used; specific (that is, by reading the definition on... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7810_chunk_0 | Clinical clerkship | Students may also be required to work on weekends and to be on call. For medical students, clerkships occur after the basic science curriculum, and are supervised by medical specialists at a teaching hospital or medical school. Typically, certain clerkships are required to obtain the Doctor of Medicine degree or the Do... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7811_chunk_0 | Compound heterozygous | In medical genetics, compound heterozygosity is the condition of having two or more heterogeneous recessive alleles at a particular locus that can cause genetic disease in a heterozygous state; that is, an organism is a compound heterozygote when it has two recessive alleles for the same gene, but with those two allele... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7812_chunk_0 | Compound heterozygous | In its compound heterozygous forms, the disease may have lower penetrance, because the mutations involved are often less deleterious in combination than for a homozygous individual with the classic symptoms of the disease. As a result, compound heterozygotes often become ill later in life, with less severe symptoms. Al... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7813_chunk_0 | Computational Anatomy | Computing the flow v 0 {\displaystyle v_{0}} onto coordinates Riemannian logarithm, mapping L o g i d ( ⋅ ): D i f f V → V {\displaystyle Log_{\rm {id}}(\cdot ):Diff_{V}\to V} at identity from φ {\displaystyle \varphi } to vector field v 0 ∈ V {\displaystyle v_{0}\in V} ; L o g i d ( φ ) = v 0 initial condition of EL g... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7814_chunk_0 | Time-activity curve | A dynamic scan is a scan where two dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D) images are acquired again and again over a time-period forming a time-series of 2D/3D image datasets. For example, a dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan acquired over ten minutes contains short image frames acquired for ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7815_chunk_0 | Artifact (error) | In medical imaging, artifacts are misrepresentations of tissue structures produced by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These artifacts may be caused by a variety of phenomena such as the underlying physics of the energy-tissue interaction as between ultrasound... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7816_chunk_0 | Artifact (error) | These are: echoes originate only from the main ultrasound beam (while there are side lobes and grating lobes apart from the main ultrasound beam); echoes returns to transducer after a single reflection (while an echo can be reflected several times before reaching the transducer); depth of an object relates directly to ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7817_chunk_0 | Sodium Fluoride | However fluorine-18 is generally considered to be a superior radiopharmaceutical for skeletal imaging. In particular it has a high and rapid bone uptake accompanied by very rapid blood clearance, which results in a high bone-to-background ratio in a short time. Additionally the annihilation photons produced by decay of... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7818_chunk_0 | Plasma osmolality | In medical lab reports, this quantity often appears as "Osmo, Calc" or "Osmo (Calc)." According to the international SI unit use the following equation: Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7819_chunk_0 | Cross-sectional study | In medical research, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data. In econom... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7820_chunk_0 | Cross-sectional study | Cross-sectional studies are descriptive studies (neither longitudinal nor experimental). Unlike case-control studies, they can be used to describe, not only the odds ratio, but also absolute risks and relative risks from prevalences (sometimes called prevalence risk ratio, or PRR). They may be used to describe some fea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7821_chunk_0 | Blind experiment | However, the meaning of these terms can vary from study to study.CONSORT guidelines state that these terms should no longer be used because they are ambiguous. For instance, "double-blind" could mean that the data analysts and patients were blinded; or the patients and outcome assessors were blinded; or the patients an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7822_chunk_0 | Simulation games | In medical simulation games, the player takes the role of a surgeon. Examples include the Trauma Center and LifeSigns series. In photography simulation games, players take photographs of animals or people. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7823_chunk_0 | Simulation games | This includes games such as Pokémon Snap and Afrika. Military simulation games are wargames with higher degrees of realism than other wargames set in a fantasy or science fiction environment. These attempt to simulate real warfare at either a tactical or strategic level.Some simulators, like GeoCommander by Intelligenc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7824_chunk_0 | Simulation games | Certain tactical shooters have higher degrees of realism than other shooters. Sometimes called "soldier sims", these games try to simulate the feeling of being in combat. This includes games such as Arma.Vehicle simulation game Flight simulators, including amateur flight simulators, combat flight simulators and space f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7825_chunk_0 | Simulation games | "Blue collar" games that include both realistic and hyper-realistic presentation of blue collar jobs in a game setting. These can include some of the vehicle simulation games including the flight, train and truck simulator titles, hunting games like TheHunter series, other job simulation games like House Flipper or Pow... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7826_chunk_0 | Diagnostic odds ratio | In medical testing with binary classification, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test. It is defined as the ratio of the odds of the test being positive if the subject has a disease relative to the odds of the test being positive if the subject does not have the disease. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7827_chunk_0 | Pharmacophore | In medicinal chemistry and molecular biology, a pharmacophore is an abstract description of molecular features that are necessary for molecular recognition of a ligand by a biological macromolecule. IUPAC defines a pharmacophore to be "an ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optima... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7828_chunk_0 | Binding coefficient | In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule. The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a thermodynamic expr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7829_chunk_0 | Bioisostere | In medicinal chemistry, bioisosteres are chemical substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties which produce broadly similar biological properties in the same chemical compound. In drug design, the purpose of exchanging one bioisostere for another is to enhance the desired biological or physical ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7830_chunk_0 | Bleeding diathesis | In medicine (hematology), bleeding diathesis is an unusual susceptibility to bleed (hemorrhage) mostly due to hypocoagulability (a condition of irregular and slow blood clotting), in turn caused by a coagulopathy (a defect in the system of coagulation). Therefore, this may result in the reduction of platelets being pro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7831_chunk_0 | General sense (anatomy) | In medicine and anatomy, the general senses are the senses which are perceived due to receptors scattered throughout the body such as touch, temperature, and hunger, rather than tied to a specific structure, as the special senses vision or hearing are. Often, the general senses are associated with a specific drive; tha... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7832_chunk_0 | Scatology | In medicine and biology, scatology or coprology is the study of faeces. Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been), health and diseases such as tapeworms. A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John G... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7833_chunk_0 | Heterogeneous Reaction | In medicine and genetics, a genetic or allelic heterogeneous condition is one where the same disease or condition can be caused, or contributed to, by several factors, or in genetic terms, by varying or different genes or alleles. In cancer research, cancer cell heterogeneity is thought to be one of the underlying reas... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7834_chunk_0 | Reference ranges | The limits are called the upper reference limit (URL) or upper limit of normal (ULN) and the lower reference limit (LRL) or lower limit of normal (LLN). In health care–related publishing, style sheets sometimes prefer the word reference over the word normal to prevent the nontechnical senses of normal from being confla... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7835_chunk_0 | Reference ranges | Nonetheless, they are indicators of probable pathosis. Sometimes the underlying cause is obvious; in other cases, challenging differential diagnosis is required to determine what is wrong and thus how to treat it. A cutoff or threshold is a limit used for binary classification, mainly between normal versus pathological... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7836_chunk_0 | Adhesive bonding | The manufacture of endoscopes, where tension-free attachment of lenses with smaller and smaller dimensions is required, is another good example of the performance capabilities of modern adhesives. Here, in addition to bond strength, it is important to balance the different thermal expansions of the substrates. In this ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7837_chunk_0 | Neutral spine | In medicine and occupations concerned with physical fitness, the concept of good posture is referred to as "neutral spine". In this context, proper posture or "neutral spine", is the proper alignment of the body between postural extremes. Deviations from neutral alignment are identified as excessive curvature or reduct... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7838_chunk_0 | Neutral spine | In the anterior/posterior view, deviation from vertical results in abnormal lateral curvature of the spine called scoliosis. In the sagittal view, excessive curvature in the cervical region is cervical lordosis, in the thoracic region thoracic kyphosis, and in the lumbar region lumbar lordosis. Reduction in curvature i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7839_chunk_0 | Neutral spine | In posture analysis, the spine is compared to a plumb line to detect the aforementioned abnormalities. From the anterior/posterior view this plumb line should run vertically down the midline of the body dividing it symmetrically into right and left halves indicating even weight distribution on left and right sides. Fro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7840_chunk_0 | Trough level | In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" (Cmax), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7841_chunk_0 | Mood lability | For example, someone might cry uncontrollably in response to any strong emotion even if they do not feel sad or unhappy.Emotional lability is seen or reported in various conditions including borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, hypomanic or manic episodes of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7842_chunk_0 | Mood lability | It is also an associated feature of ADHD and autism.Children who display a high degree of emotional lability generally have low frustration tolerance and frequent crying spells or tantrums. During preschool, ADHD with emotional lability is associated with increased impairment and may be a sign of internalizing problems... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7843_chunk_0 | Diagnostic robot | In medicine and robotics, diagnostic robots are diagnosis tools in the form of a physical robot or a software expert system. Developed in the 1970s near the height of the AI boom, automatic diagnosis systems are capable of gathering data for medical diagnosis with its knowledge based subsystem, and tools such as a tend... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7844_chunk_0 | Heliox | In medicine heliox may refer to a mixture of 21% O2 (the same as air) and 79% He, although other combinations are available (70/30 and 60/40). Heliox generates less airway resistance than air and thereby requires less mechanical energy to ventilate the lungs. "Work of breathing" (WOB) is reduced by two mechanisms: incr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7845_chunk_0 | Heliox | The tendency for each type of flow is described by the Reynolds number. Heliox's low density produces a lower Reynolds number and hence higher probability of laminar flow for any given airway. Laminar flow tends to generate less resistance than turbulent flow. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7846_chunk_0 | Heliox | In the small airways where flow is laminar, resistance is proportional to gas viscosity and is not related to density and so heliox has little effect. The Hagen–Poiseuille equation describes laminar resistance. In the large airways where flow is turbulent, resistance is proportional to density, so heliox has a signific... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7847_chunk_0 | Young–Laplace equation | In medicine it is often referred to as the Law of Laplace, used in the context of cardiovascular physiology, and also respiratory physiology, though the latter use is often erroneous. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7848_chunk_0 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | In medicine, EMS is used for rehabilitation purposes, for instance in physical therapy in the prevention muscle atrophy due to inactivity or neuromuscular imbalance, which can occur for example after musculoskeletal injuries (damage to bones, joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons). This is distinct from transcutaneous... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7849_chunk_0 | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | EMS fitness is designed to stimulate all the major muscle groups to elicit strength and endurance adaptations." In the case of TENS, the current is usually sub-threshold, meaning that a muscle contraction is not observed.For people who have progressive diseases such as cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, E... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7850_chunk_0 | Esophogeal doppler | In medicine, Esophageal Doppler or Oesophageal Doppler uses a small ultrasound probe inserted into the esophagus through the nose or mouth to measure blood velocity in the descending aorta. It is minimally invasive (does not break the skin) and is used to derive hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV) and car... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7851_chunk_0 | Kt/V | In medicine, Kt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy. K – dialyzer clearance of urea t – dialysis time V – volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body waterIn the context of hemodialysis, Kt/V is a pseudo-dimensionless number; it is depen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7852_chunk_0 | Lactic dehydrogenase | In medicine, LDH is often used as a marker of tissue breakdown as LDH is abundant in red blood cells and can function as a marker for hemolysis. A blood sample that has been handled incorrectly can show false-positively high levels of LDH due to erythrocyte damage. It can also be used as a marker of myocardial infarcti... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7853_chunk_0 | Meigs' syndrome | In medicine, Meigs's syndrome, also Meigs syndrome or Demons–Meigs syndrome, is the triad of ascites, pleural effusion, and benign ovarian tumor (ovarian fibroma, fibrothecoma, Brenner tumour, and occasionally granulosa cell tumour). Meigs syndrome resolves after the resection of the tumor. Because the transdiaphragmat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7854_chunk_0 | Clinical biomarkers | In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It may be defined as a "cellular, biochemical or molecular alteration in cells, tissues or fluids that can be measured and evaluated to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological res... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7855_chunk_0 | Clinical biomarkers | The parameter can be chemical, physical or biological. In molecular terms biomarker is "the subset of markers that might be discovered using genomics, proteomics technologies or imaging technologies. Biomarkers play major roles in medicinal biology. Biomarkers help in early diagnosis, disease prevention, drug target id... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7856_chunk_0 | Bolus dose | In medicine, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is the administration of a discrete amount of medication, drug, or other compound within a specific time, generally 1–30 minutes, to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level. The administration can be given by injection: intravenously, intramuscularly, intrath... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7857_chunk_0 | Case report | In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7858_chunk_0 | Cohort study | In medicine, a cohort study is often undertaken to obtain evidence to try to refute the existence of a suspected association between cause and effect; failure to refute a hypothesis often strengthens confidence in it. Crucially, the cohort is identified before the appearance of the disease under investigation. The stud... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7859_chunk_0 | Cohort study | Prospective (longitudinal) cohort studies between exposure and disease strongly aid in studying causal associations, though distinguishing true causality usually requires further corroboration from further experimental trials. The advantage of prospective cohort study data is that it can help determine risk factors for... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7860_chunk_0 | Drug eruption | In medicine, a drug eruption is an adverse drug reaction of the skin. Most drug-induced cutaneous reactions are mild and disappear when the offending drug is withdrawn. These are called "simple" drug eruptions. However, more serious drug eruptions may be associated with organ injury such as liver or kidney damage and a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7861_chunk_0 | Drug eruption | However, there is a complex interplay between a patient's inherited genetics, the pharmacotoxicology of the drug and the immune response that ultimately give rise to the manifestation of a drug eruption.Because the manifestation of a drug eruption is complex and highly individual, there are many subfields in medicine t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7862_chunk_0 | Intra-articular injection | In medicine, a joint injection (intra-articular injection) is a procedure used in the treatment of inflammatory joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, tendinitis, bursitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, and occasionally osteoarthritis. A hypodermic needle is injected into the affected join... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7863_chunk_0 | Muscle biopsy | In medicine, a muscle biopsy is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically. A muscle biopsy can lead to the discovery of problems with the nervous system, connective tissue, vascular system, or musculoskeletal system. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7864_chunk_0 | Nerve biopsy | In medicine, a nerve biopsy is an invasive procedure in which a piece of nerve is removed from an organism and examined under a microscope. A nerve biopsy can lead to the discovery of various necrotizing vasculitis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, leprosy, metabolic neuropathies, inflammation of the nerve, loss of axon tissu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7865_chunk_0 | Sequence (medicine) | In medicine, a sequence is a series of ordered consequences due to a single cause.It differs from a syndrome in that seriality is more predictable: if A causes B, and B causes C, and C causes D, then D would not be seen if C is not seen. However, in less formal contexts, the term "syndrome" is sometimes used instead of... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7866_chunk_0 | Actinic lighting | In medicine, actinic effects are generally described in terms of the dermis or outer layers of the body, such as eyes (see: Actinic conjunctivitis) and upper tissues that the sun would normally affect, rather than deeper tissues that higher-energy shorter-wavelength radiation such as x-ray and gamma might affect. Actin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7867_chunk_0 | Blood dyscrasia | Disease was interpreted as the disproportion of bodily fluids or four humours: phlegm, blood, yellow bile, and black bile. The imbalance was called dyscrasia. In modern medicine, the term is still occasionally used in medical context for an unspecified disorder of the blood, such as a plasma cell dyscrasia. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7868_chunk_0 | Coral microbiome | In medicine, chemical compounds from corals can potentially be used to treat cancer, neurological diseases, inflammation including arthritis, pain, bone loss, high blood pressure and for other therapeutic uses. Coral skeletons, e.g. Isididae are being researched for their potential near-future use for bone grafting in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7869_chunk_0 | 3% normal saline | In medicine, common types of salines include: Ringer's lactate solution Acetated Ringer's solution Intravenous sugar solutions 5% dextrose in normal saline (D5NS) 10% dextrose in normal saline (D10NS) 5% dextrose in half-normal saline (D5HNS) 10% dextrose in half-normal saline (D10HNS)And in cell biology, in addition t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7870_chunk_0 | Mental confusion | In medicine, confusion is the quality or state of being bewildered or unclear. The term "acute mental confusion" is often used interchangeably with delirium in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the Medical Subject Headings publications to describe the pathology. Th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7871_chunk_0 | Phenomenal consciousness | If so, the patient is asked for name, current location, and current day and time. A patient who can answer all of these questions is said to be "alert and oriented times four" (sometimes denoted "A&Ox4" on a medical chart), and is usually considered fully conscious.The more complex procedure is known as a neurological ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7872_chunk_0 | Phenomenal consciousness | A formal neurological examination runs through a precisely delineated series of tests, beginning with tests for basic sensorimotor reflexes, and culminating with tests for sophisticated use of language. The outcome may be summarized using the Glasgow Coma Scale, which yields a number in the range 3–15, with a score of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7873_chunk_0 | Diuretic medication | In medicine, diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, influenza, water poisoning, and certain kidney diseases. Some diuretics, such as acetazolamide, help to make the urine more alkaline, and are helpful in increasing excretion of substances such as aspirin in cases of overdose or poiso... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7874_chunk_0 | Cause (medicine) | But proof of causation in infectious diseases is limited to individual cases that provide experimental evidence of etiology.In epidemiology, several lines of evidence together are required to for causal inference. Austin Bradford Hill demonstrated a causal relationship between tobacco smoking and lung cancer, and summa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7875_chunk_0 | Gluconic acid | In medicine, gluconate is used most commonly as a biologically neutral carrier of Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and K+ to treat electrolyte imbalance.Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7876_chunk_0 | Medical gas therapy | In medicine, heliox generally refers to a mixture of 21% O2 (the same as air) and 79% He, although other combinations are available. Heliox generates less airway resistance than air and thereby requires less mechanical energy to ventilate the lungs. "Work of Breathing" (WOB) is reduced. It does this by two mechanisms: ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7877_chunk_0 | Medical gas therapy | Laminar flow tends to generate less resistance than turbulent flow. In the small airways where flow is laminar, resistance is proportional to gas viscosity and is not related to density and so heliox has little effect. The Hagen–Poiseuille equation describes laminar resistance. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7878_chunk_0 | Medical gas therapy | In the large airways where flow is turbulent, resistance is proportional to density, so heliox has a significant effect. Heliox has been used medically since the early 1930s. It was the mainstay of treatment in acute asthma before the advent of bronchodilators. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7879_chunk_0 | Hydrostatic pressure | In medicine, hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels is the pressure of the blood against the wall. It is the opposing force to oncotic pressure. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7880_chunk_0 | Infusion therapy | Elastomeric pump Pre-Filled Infusion Therapy: with this latest technology, a unit dose can be metered to the location from a pre-filled container.Infusion therapy has a range of medical applications including sedation, anesthesia, post-operative analgesic pain management, chemotherapy, and treatment of infectious disea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7881_chunk_0 | Biotechnology products | Modern biotechnology can be used to manufacture existing medicines relatively easily and cheaply. The first genetically engineered products were medicines designed to treat human diseases. To cite one example, in 1978 Genentech developed synthetic humanized insulin by joining its gene with a plasmid vector inserted int... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7882_chunk_0 | Biotechnology products | The application of biotechnology to basic science (for example through the Human Genome Project) has also dramatically improved our understanding of biology and as our scientific knowledge of normal and disease biology has increased, our ability to develop new medicines to treat previously untreatable diseases has incr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7883_chunk_0 | Muscular disease | In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. This results in muscular weakness. Myopathy means muscle disease (Greek: myo- muscle + patheia -pathy: suffering). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7884_chunk_0 | Muscular disease | It usually occurs as a result of stress and physical exertion during capture and restraint. Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Some conditions, such as myositis, can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7885_chunk_0 | Nephelometer | In medicine, nephelometry is used to measure immune function. It is also used in clinical microbiology, for preparation of a standardized inoculum (McFarland suspension) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7886_chunk_0 | Refraction | In medicine, particularly optometry, ophthalmology and orthoptics, refraction (also known as refractometry) is a clinical test in which a phoropter may be used by the appropriate eye care professional to determine the eye's refractive error and the best corrective lenses to be prescribed. A series of test lenses in gra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7887_chunk_0 | Adherence (medicine) | Major barriers to compliance are thought to include the complexity of modern medication regimens, poor health literacy and not understanding treatment benefits, the occurrence of undiscussed side effects, poor treatment satisfaction, cost of prescription medicine, and poor communication or lack of trust between a patie... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7888_chunk_0 | Phosphorus compound | In medicine, phosphate deficiency syndrome may be caused by malnutrition, by failure to absorb phosphate, and by metabolic syndromes that draw phosphate from the blood (such as in refeeding syndrome after malnutrition) or passing too much of it into the urine. All are characterised by hypophosphatemia, which is a condi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7889_chunk_0 | Phosphorus compound | Too much phosphate can lead to diarrhoea and calcification (hardening) of organs and soft tissue, and can interfere with the body's ability to use iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc.Phosphorus is an essential macromineral for plants, which is studied extensively in edaphology to understand plant uptake from soil system... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7890_chunk_0 | CSF pleocytosis | In medicine, pleocytosis (or pleiocytosis) is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion, "more"), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, such as cerebrospinal fluid. It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid.Increased white blood cell... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7891_chunk_0 | Potassium acetate | In medicine, potassium acetate is used as part of electrolyte replacement protocols in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis because of its ability to break down to bicarbonate to help neutralize the acidotic state. In molecular biology, potassium acetate is used to precipitate dodecyl sulfate (DS) and DS-bound protei... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7892_chunk_0 | Contrasexual precocity | In its broadest sense, and often simplified as early puberty, "precocious puberty" sometimes refers to any physical sex hormone effect, due to any cause, occurring earlier than the usual age, especially when it is being considered as a medical problem. Stricter definitions of "precocity" may refer only to central puber... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7893_chunk_0 | Mm of mercury | In medicine, pressure is still generally measured in millimetres of mercury. These measurements are in general given relative to the current atmospheric pressure: for example, a blood pressure of 120 mmHg, when the current atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg, means 880 mmHg relative to perfect vacuum. Routine pressure mea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7894_chunk_0 | Pronator drift | In medicine, pronator drift (also known as pyramidal drift) refers to a pathologic sign seen during a neurological examination. Jean Alexandre Barré is credited with having first described it; thus it is sometimes known as the Barré test or sign. A positive result indicates palsy. This sign can appear due to an upper m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7895_chunk_0 | Gel electrophoresis of proteins | Some forms of medication or body chemicals can cause their own band, but it usually is small. Abnormal bands (spikes) are seen in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma, and are useful in the diagnosis of these conditions.The globulins are classified by their banding pattern (with their... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7896_chunk_0 | Protein misfolding disease | In medicine, proteinopathy (; -pathy ; proteinopathies pl. ; proteinopathic adj), or proteopathy, protein conformational disorder, or protein misfolding disease, is a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body. Ofte... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7897_chunk_0 | Protein misfolding disease | The term proteopathy was first proposed in 2000 by Lary Walker and Harry LeVine.The concept of proteopathy can trace its origins to the mid-19th century, when, in 1854, Rudolf Virchow coined the term amyloid ("starch-like") to describe a substance in cerebral corpora amylacea that exhibited a chemical reaction resembli... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7898_chunk_0 | Proton therapy | In medicine, proton therapy, or proton radiotherapy, is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often to treat cancer. The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_7899_chunk_0 | Disease spread | In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganism... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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