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wiki_3427_chunk_8 | Reflection high-energy electron diffraction | Here, khl is the wave vector of the elastically diffracted electrons of the order (hl) at any intersection of reciprocal lattice rods with Ewald's sphere The projections of the two vectors onto the plane of the sample's surface differ by a reciprocal lattice vector Ghl, (3) Figure 3 shows the construction of the Ewald'... | wikipedia |
wiki_1107_chunk_37 | Compiler-compiler | The characteristics of the metaprogramming metalanguages above are common to all Schorre metacompilers and those derived from them. META I
META I was a hand compiled metacompiler used to compile META II. Little else is known of META I except that the initial compilation of META II produced nearly identical code to that... | wikipedia |
wiki_656_chunk_15 | Activation energy | In the following graphic there is a representation of a reaction between hydrogen in the gas phase and a metal: tungsten. The potential energy is obtained with PES calculations and consistent with the position of H from the NEB method calculations. A 2-dimensional interpolation with the spline method can be used to eva... | wikipedia |
wiki_21781_chunk_45 | History of algebra | R. Rashed and Angela Armstrong write: Al-Jabr is divided into six chapters, each of which deals with a different type of formula. The first chapter of Al-Jabr deals with equations whose squares equal its roots the second chapter deals with squares equal to number the third chapter deals with roots equal to a number ... | wikipedia |
wiki_6573_chunk_13 | Evolutionary medicine | Medicine, in turn, ignored evolution, and instead focused (as done in the hard sciences) upon proximate mechanical causes.
medicine has modelled itself after a mechanical physics, deriving from Galileo, Newton, and Descartes.... As a result of assuming this model, medicine is mechanistic, materialistic, reductionistic,... | wikipedia |
wiki_18985_chunk_21 | Reader's Digest Select Editions | 2008Volume 295 - #1 The Overlook - Michael Connelly
Meet Me in Venice - Elizabeth Adler
Step on a Crack - James Patterson & Michael Ledwidge
An Irish Country Doctor - Patrick TaylorVolume 296 - #2 Bad Blood - Linda Fairstein
The Long Walk Home - Will North
The Blue Zone - Andrew Gross
Iris & Ruby - Rosie Thomas
... | wikipedia |
wiki_9819_chunk_4 | Custom hardware attack | An alternative approach is to use FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays); these are slower and more expensive per gate, but can be reprogrammed for different problems. COPACOBANA (Cost-Optimized Parallel COde Breaker) is one such machine, consisting of 120 FPGAs of type Xilinx Spartan3-1000 which run in parallel. Histo... | wikipedia |
wiki_30185_chunk_24 | Crystallographic database | Projected lattice geometries can be represented by so-called ‘lattice-fringe fingerprint plots’ (LFFPs), also called angular covariance plots. The horizontal axis of such a plot is given in reciprocal lattice length and is limited by the point resolution of the microscope. The vertical axis is defined as acute angle be... | wikipedia |
wiki_789_chunk_32 | Simulation | Simulation is being used to study patient safety, as well as train medical professionals. Studying patient safety and safety interventions in healthcare is challenging, because there is a lack of experimental control (i.e., patient complexity, system/process variances) to see if an intervention made a meaningful differ... | wikipedia |
wiki_13672_chunk_4 | Computational electromagnetics | Overview of methods
One approach is to discretize the space in terms of grids (both orthogonal, and non-orthogonal) and solving Maxwell's equations at each point in the grid. Discretization consumes computer memory, and solving the equations takes significant time. Large-scale CEM problems face memory and CPU limitatio... | wikipedia |
wiki_15699_chunk_4 | List of Ace miscellaneous letter-series single titles | F-118 NA Jacob O. Kamm Making Profits in the Stock Market (1961)
F-132 NA Mario Cappelli Scramble! (1962)
F-137 NA R. Dewitt Miller Impossible: Yet It Happened! (1962)
F-140 NA Leonie St. John Love With A Harvard Accent (1962)
F-146 NA John Jakes (as Jay Scotland) Sir Scoundrel (1962)
F-151 NA Nedra Tyre Reformatory ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39990_chunk_14 | N50, L50, and related statistics | Values of the list L = (2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 8, 8) Values of the new list L' = (2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8) Ranks of L' values = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... | wikipedia |
wiki_1594_chunk_43 | Engineering drawing | With the advent of computer generated drawings for manufacturing and machining, many symbols have fallen out of common use. This poses a problem when attempting to interpret an older hand-drawn document that contains obscure elements that cannot be readily referenced in standard teaching text or control documents such ... | wikipedia |
wiki_26225_chunk_1 | Networks and Spatial Economics | Abstracting and indexing
NETS is abstracted/indexed in ABI inform, CompuMath Citation Index, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology, Current Index to Statistics, EBSCO, ECONIS, Research Papers in Economics (RePEc), ISI Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS, Zentralblatt Math. According to the Journal... | wikipedia |
wiki_15588_chunk_35 | N-body simulation | for (size_t entity_idx = 0; entity_idx < 9 + N_ASTEROIDS; entity_idx++)
{
orbital_entities[entity_idx].e[0] += orbital_entities[entity_idx].e[3] * dt;
orbital_entities[entity_idx].e[1] += orbital_entities[entity_idx].e[4] * dt;
orbital_entities[entity_idx].e[2] += orbital_entities[entity_idx... | wikipedia |
wiki_14419_chunk_26 | List of African-American mathematicians | 2000s
Carla Cotwright-Williams (born 1973), degrees from California State University, Long Beach, Southern University, and University of Mississippi (PhD, mathematics).
Christina Eubanks-Turner, degrees from Xavier University of Louisiana and University of Nebraska-Lincoln (PhD, mathematics).
Omayra Ortega, degrees fro... | wikipedia |
wiki_9378_chunk_6 | Structural equation modeling | In SEM diagrams, latent variables are commonly shown as ovals and observed variables as rectangles. The diagram above shows how error (e) influences each intelligence question and the SAT, ACT, and GPA scores, but does not influence the latent variables. When applying this model to observed data generated from the inst... | wikipedia |
wiki_27806_chunk_1 | Pleasant Prairie Power Plant | Background
The 30-year-old power plant has developed and applied a retrofit system that has helped reduce nitrogen oxide () by up to 90% and sulfur dioxide () by up to 95%. The Pleasant Prairie plant produces “8.6 million tons of annually – about as much as (that produced by) 1.7 million US cars”, according to The Wal... | wikipedia |
wiki_38048_chunk_4 | Virgo (software) | Web admin console - deploy and manage artifacts, examine diagnostic dumps, and explore bundle wiring, either in a live system or offline following a resolution failure
Gogo shell - manage Virgo and deployed artifacts using a command line shell accessed via ssh or telnet
Plans - define the artifacts that compose an ap... | wikipedia |
wiki_18748_chunk_17 | List of programs aired by TV5 (Philippine TV network) | American/Canadian series
ALF (1999–2002)
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1992)
America's Funniest Home Videos (2016–2017)
Arrow (2016–2018)
Batman (1992–1993)
Beach Patrol (2000–2001)
Big Bad Beetleborgs (1997–1999)
Blindspot (2017–2018)
Boiling Points (2017)
Bugging Out (2016–2017)
Bugs (2002–2004)
The Burning Zone (2000–2... | wikipedia |
wiki_27525_chunk_2 | Magic circle (mathematics) | Yang Hui magic concentric circle
Yang Hui's magic concentric circle has the following properties
The sum of the numbers on four diameters = 147,
28 + 5 + 11 + 25 + 9 + 7 + 19 + 31 + 12 = 147
The sum of 8 numbers plus 9 at the center = 147;
28 + 27 + 20 + 33 + 12 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 9 = 147
The sum of eight radius withou... | wikipedia |
wiki_15107_chunk_15 | Epidemiological transition | One of the first to refine the idea of the epidemiological transition was Preston, who in 1976 proposed the first comprehensive statistical model relating mortality and cause-specific mortality. Preston used life tables from 43 national populations, including both developed countries such as United States and England a... | wikipedia |
wiki_21442_chunk_9 | Differential item functioning | Before presenting statistical procedures for testing differences of item parameters, it is important to first provide a general understanding of the different parameter estimation models and their associated parameters. These include the one-, two-, and three-parameter logistic (PL) models. All these models assume a si... | wikipedia |
wiki_565_chunk_6 | Semantic network | In Lisp
The following code shows an example of a semantic network in the Lisp programming language using an association list.
(setq *database*
'((canary (is-a bird)
(color yellow)
(size small))
(penguin (is-a bird)
(movement swim))
(bird (is-a vertebrate)
(has-part w... | wikipedia |
wiki_7943_chunk_8 | Paul Seymour (mathematician) | In 2000 Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas were supported by the American Institute of Mathematics to work on the strong perfect graph conjecture, a famous open question that had been raised by Claude Berge in the early 1960s. Seymour's student Maria Chudnovsky joined them in 2001, and in 2002 the four jointly proved the c... | wikipedia |
wiki_1348_chunk_27 | Dynamic programming | Consider the problem of assigning values, either zero or one, to the positions of an matrix, with even, so that each row and each column contains exactly zeros and ones. We ask how many different assignments there are for a given . For example, when , five possible solutions are There are at least three possible ap... | wikipedia |
wiki_3113_chunk_7 | Contact (mathematics) | Bi-tangents in econometrics
In econometrics it is also possible to consider circles which have two point contact with two points S(t1), S(t2) on the curve. Such circles are bi-tangent circles. The centers of all bi-tangent circles form the symmetry set. The medial axis is a subset of the symmetry set. These sets have b... | wikipedia |
wiki_21938_chunk_58 | Contact mechanics | The equation for the cohesive gap between the two bodies takes the form This equation can be solved to obtain values of for various values of and . For large values of , and the JKR model is obtained. For small values of the DMT model is retrieved. Carpick-Ogletree-Salmeron (COS) model
The Maugis-Dugdale model c... | wikipedia |
wiki_5076_chunk_6 | 1983–84 United States network television schedule | Returning SeriesThe A-TeamBuffalo Bill *CheersDiff'rent StrokesThe Facts of LifeFamily TiesGimme a Break!Hill Street BluesKnight RiderMama's FamilyNBC Monday Night at the MoviesReal PeopleRemington SteeleSt. ElsewhereSilver SpoonsNew SeriesBay City BluesBooneComedy Zone *Double Trouble *The Duck Factory *First CameraFo... | wikipedia |
wiki_2360_chunk_5 | Social statistics | Usage and applications Social scientists use social statistics for many purposes, including:
the evaluation of the quality of services available to a group or organization,
analyzing behaviors of groups of people in their environment and special situations,
determining the wants of people through statistical samplin... | wikipedia |
wiki_31101_chunk_3 | TigerLogic | 2000: Definitive merger agreement between Omnis and PICK. Name changes to Raining Data Corporation integrating two companies to create an enterprise to take advantage of emerging trends in cross-platform, web-enabled, data intensive business applications.
2002: Raining Data, a long time provider of scalable data manage... | wikipedia |
wiki_6476_chunk_5 | Dedekind zeta function | Special values
Analogously to the Riemann zeta function, the values of the Dedekind zeta function at integers encode (at least conjecturally) important arithmetic data of the field K. For example, the analytic class number formula relates the residue at s = 1 to the class number h(K) of K, the regulator R(K) of K, the ... | wikipedia |
wiki_35487_chunk_9 | Software testability | It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (... | wikipedia |
wiki_2741_chunk_47 | Biological Weapons Convention | Potential misuse of rapid scientific and technological developments
Advances in science and technology are relevant to the BWC since they may affect the threat presented by biological weapons. The ongoing advances in synthetic biology and enabling technologies are eroding the technological barriers to acquiring and ge... | wikipedia |
wiki_12099_chunk_8 | UTSA College of Engineering and Integrated Design | The department is also working extensively in the areas of cyber security and homeland defense. Reliable and secure voice and data communications are important in mission success and in providing assurances to the public. Electromagnetic wave analysis regarding fallout may become necessary after a physical attack. Comp... | wikipedia |
wiki_20689_chunk_11 | CSA (database company) | Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management
This database provides abstracting and full bibliographic citation coverage of the available global literature which pertains to environmental sciences and pollution management. This database can link to full-text electronic journal articles. In addition, this database is i... | wikipedia |
wiki_26407_chunk_43 | Text Executive Programming Language | _
_
_ The following routines allow you to easily draw pictures on the
_ the Televideo 950 terminal.
_
_ xyplot—positions the cursor
_
_ gr—turns graphics mode on
_
_ nogr—turns graphics mode off
_
_ clear—clears the screen
_
_ load—used by x... | wikipedia |
wiki_15954_chunk_0 | List of MeSH codes (G03) | The following is a partial list of the "G" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (G02). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (G04). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH c... | wikipedia |
wiki_26375_chunk_1 | Civilization: The Card Game | Overview
Civilization: The Card Game simulates the rise of empires as in the computer game Civilization. Players will collect resources, obtain plots of land, construct Buildings and Wonders, discover Technologies, and fight each other on their way to victory. The game ends when the final Technology is bought. The play... | wikipedia |
wiki_10774_chunk_4 | Computational genomics | The development of computer-assisted mathematics (using products such as Mathematica or Matlab) has helped engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists to start operating in this domain, and a public collection
of case studies and demonstrations is growing, ranging from whole genome comparisons to gene expression... | wikipedia |
wiki_38000_chunk_24 | Consumer neuroscience | Real-world applications
Consumer research provides a real-world application for neuroscience studies. Consumer studies help neuroscience to learn more about how healthy and unhealthy brain functions differ, which may assist in discovering the neural source of consumption-related dysfunctions and treat a variety of ad... | wikipedia |
wiki_19755_chunk_4 | Package-merge algorithm | Performance improvements and generalizations
With this reduction, the algorithm is O(nL)-time and O(nL)-space. However, the original paper, "A fast algorithm for optimal length-limited Huffman codes", shows how this can be improved to O(nL)-time and O(n)-space. The idea is to run the algorithm a first time, only keep... | wikipedia |
wiki_35132_chunk_1 | János Komlós (mathematician) | Notable results
He proved that every L1-bounded sequence of real functions contains a subsequence such that the arithmetic means of all its subsequences converge pointwise almost everywhere. In probabilistic terminology, the theorem is as follows. Let ξ1,ξ2,... be a sequence of random variables such that E[ξ1],E[ξ2],.... | wikipedia |
wiki_36108_chunk_5 | Dinic's algorithm | Algorithm
Dinic's Algorithm
Input: A network .
Output: An – flow of maximum value.
Set for each .
Construct from of . If , stop and output .
Find a blocking flow in .
Add augment flow by and go back to step 2. Analysis
It can be shown that the number of layers in each blocking flow increases by at least 1 ... | wikipedia |
wiki_414_chunk_64 | Nuclear power | The impact of nuclear accidents is controversial. According to Benjamin K. Sovacool, fission energy accidents ranked first among energy sources in terms of their total economic cost, accounting for 41 percent of all property damage attributed to energy accidents. Another analysis found that coal, oil, liquid petroleum ... | wikipedia |
wiki_37095_chunk_8 | National Evolutionary Synthesis Center | Senkowsky, S. (2007). "The Ascent of NESCent." BioScience 57(2): 106-111.
Bates, K. L. (2009). Putting it all together again: Frontier of biology assembles data, looks for patterns. Duke Research Magazine. External links
US National Science Foundation
Duke University
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
No... | wikipedia |
wiki_4820_chunk_0 | Geometric probability | Problems of the following type, and their solution techniques, were first studied in the 18th century, and the general topic became known as geometric probability. (Buffon's needle) What is the chance that a needle dropped randomly onto a floor marked with equally spaced parallel lines will cross one of the lines?
Wha... | wikipedia |
wiki_29291_chunk_1 | Archaeological illustration | Surveying: To produce an accurate record of sites and buildings and to record accurately where the sites and buildings lie within the landscape. Surveyors use a range of equipment including tapes, plane tables, total stations, 3D scanners, GPS and GIS to produce illustrations including plans, sections and elevations as... | wikipedia |
wiki_4634_chunk_9 | Deformation (mathematics) | Cohomological Interpretation of deformations
It should be clear there could be many deformations of a single germ of analytic functions. Because of this, there are some book-keeping devices required to organize all of this information. These organizational devices are constructed using tangent cohomology. This is form... | wikipedia |
wiki_226_chunk_27 | Functional programming | A limited form of dependent types called generalized algebraic data types (GADT's) can be implemented in a way that provides some of the benefits of dependently typed programming while avoiding most of its inconvenience. GADT's are available in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler, in OCaml and in Scala, and have been proposed... | wikipedia |
wiki_39291_chunk_16 | List of awards and nominations received by Andrea Bocelli | |-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 1998 || style="text-align:left;" rowspan="7"| Andrea Bocelli || Best-selling Classical Artist ||
|-
| Best-selling Italian Singer ||
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| 2002 || Best-selling Classical Artist ||
|-
| Best-selling Italian Singer ||
|-
| style="text... | wikipedia |
wiki_1924_chunk_12 | Protein engineering | Protein threading
Protein threading can be used when a reliable homologue for the query sequence cannot be found. This method begins by obtaining a query sequence and a library of template structures. Next, the query sequence is threaded over known template structures. These candidate models are scored using scoring fu... | wikipedia |
wiki_12930_chunk_4 | Video Encoded Invisible Light | Stripping the VEIL signal from the video is supposed to be more difficult than tampering with the VBI, therefore VEIL-I is proposed as a DRM tool. The signal can survive recording to video, and various sorts of digital compression. The detection devices are low-cost and can be used in a range of devices, from toys to c... | wikipedia |
wiki_28511_chunk_4 | Lasso Logic | External links
Business Week, Karen E. Klein, April 2005. "Have You Backed Up Your Data Today?"
InfoWorld, Sean McCown, Jan, 2006, "Lasso Logic offers real easy real-time" backups"
Enterprise Storage Form, Paul Shread, November, 2005 "SonicWALL Corrals Lasso Logic"
Byte and Switch, "Lasso Logic Unveils CDP Applianc... | wikipedia |
wiki_2155_chunk_36 | Window function | Rife–Vincent windows are customarily scaled for unity average value, instead of unity peak value. The coefficient values below, applied to , reflect that custom. Class I, Order 1 (K = 1): Functionally equivalent to the Hann window. Class I, Order 2 (K = 2): Class I is defined by minimizing the high-order sidel... | wikipedia |
wiki_473_chunk_16 | P-code machine | This is the code for the machine, written in Pascal: const
amax=2047; {maximum address}
levmax=3; {maximum depth of block nesting}
cxmax=200; {size of code array} type
fct=(lit,opr,lod,sto,cal,int,jmp,jpc);
instruction=packed record
f:fct;
l:0..levmax;
a:0..amax;
end; var
code: array [0..... | wikipedia |
wiki_21832_chunk_5 | Liverpool Software Gazette | Issue 5:
Xtal Basic - The Extendable One
Analysis of Systems Analysis
Cesil Interpreted in Basic
Algol 68
Fortran 77
Lisp
Forms Processing
Compiling Systems
The Users View of Visicalc Issue 6 (Pascal special):
'Warning' Prolonged use of Pascal may seriously damage your mental health
Integer Pascal on the Nas... | wikipedia |
wiki_4084_chunk_14 | FSF Free Software Awards | Winners
The award was first awarded in 2005, and the recipients have been:
2005 Wikipedia
The Free Encyclopedia
2006 The Sahana FOSS Disaster Management System
"An entirely volunteer effort to create technology for managing large-scale relief efforts"
2007 Groklaw
"An invaluable source of legal and technical informatio... | wikipedia |
wiki_855_chunk_18 | Tree (graph theory) | Unlabeled trees
Counting the number of unlabeled free trees is a harder problem. No closed formula for the number t(n) of trees with n vertices up to graph isomorphism is known. The first few values of t(n) are
1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 23, 47, 106, 235, 551, 1301, 3159, … .
proved the asymptotic estimate
with the v... | wikipedia |
wiki_1265_chunk_15 | Appendix (anatomy) | Recently ... improved understanding of gut immunity has merged with current thinking in biological and medical science, pointing to an apparent function of the mammalian cecal appendix as a safe-house for symbiotic gut microbes, preserving the flora during times of gastrointestinal infection in societies without modern... | wikipedia |
wiki_23109_chunk_101 | List of Philippine mythological figures | Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure g... | wikipedia |
wiki_20649_chunk_9 | Logic model | Various types of logic models The Inputs → Activities → Outputs → Outcomes template
Many authors and guides use the following template when speaking about logic model: Many refinements and variations have been added to the basic template. For example, many versions of logic models set out a series of outcomes/impacts,... | wikipedia |
wiki_11419_chunk_9 | Computer-assisted proof | The emerging field of experimental mathematics is confronting this debate head-on by focusing on numerical experiments as its main tool for mathematical exploration. Applications Theorems proved with the help of computer programs
Inclusion in this list does not imply that a formal computer-checked proof exists, but rat... | wikipedia |
wiki_17601_chunk_22 | Softmax function | Computation of this example using Python code: >>> import numpy as np
>>> a = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
>>> np.exp(a) / np.sum(np.exp(a))
array([0.02364054, 0.06426166, 0.1746813, 0.474833, 0.02364054,
0.06426166, 0.1746813]) | wikipedia |
wiki_5685_chunk_3 | Evolution: The World of Sacred Device | Main characters
Mag Launcher - The 17-year-old protagonist of the series. Mag is the last in a family of adventurers, the Launchers. His parents never returned from an adventure, and he has been raised by Gre, his butler, ever since. Mag gets his assignments from the Society, an organization dedicated to studying ruins... | wikipedia |
wiki_1738_chunk_1 | Programming paradigm | Common programming paradigms include:
imperative in which the programmer instructs the machine how to change its state,
procedural which groups instructions into procedures,
object-oriented which groups instructions with the part of the state they operate on,
declarative in which the programmer merely declares pro... | wikipedia |
wiki_24617_chunk_0 | Cylindrical algebraic decomposition | In mathematics, cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) is a notion, and an algorithm to compute it, that are fundamental for computer algebra and real algebraic geometry. Given a set S of polynomials in Rn, a cylindrical algebraic decomposition is a decomposition of Rn into connected semialgebraic sets called cells,... | wikipedia |
wiki_28608_chunk_2 | Scientific programming language | Scientific programming languages should not be confused with scientific language in general, which refers loosely to the higher standards in precision, correctness and concision expected from practitioners of the scientific method. Examples Linear algebra Scientific programming languages provide facilities to work with... | wikipedia |
wiki_10742_chunk_9 | Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study | Declines in IQ scores have been documented when individuals are retested on a revised form of an original measure, as well as when a test used at a first administration was normed earlier than a test used at a subsequent administration (see Flynn, 1984, for a review). For example, the decline in Full-Scale IQ score fro... | wikipedia |
wiki_6502_chunk_44 | Software patents under United States patent law | Landmark decisions
Gottschalk v. Benson
Parker v. Flook
Diamond v. Diehr
State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group
In re Bilski
Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
DDR Holdings v. Hotels.com See also
Machine-or-transformation test
Software patent
Software patent debate
Software patents under the Eur... | wikipedia |
wiki_26847_chunk_3 | Unified Power Format | The Design Automation Standards Committee (DASC) of the IEEE Standards Association sponsored working group 1801, with the project authorization approved on May 7, 2007.
Goals included:
clarify the semantics of the intent - this provides portability of design intent across many vendors tools
Add support for incrementa... | wikipedia |
wiki_20479_chunk_4 | Reciprocity (network science) | Garlaschelli and Loffredo's definition
In order to overcome the defects of the above definition, Garlaschelli and Loffredo defined reciprocity as the correlation coefficient between the entries of the adjacency matrix of a directed graph ( if a link from i to j is there, and if not): , where the average value . measur... | wikipedia |
wiki_7096_chunk_8 | Software quality | Risk management: Software failure has caused more than inconvenience. Software errors can cause human fatalities (see for example: List of software bugs). The causes have ranged from poorly designed user interfaces to direct programming errors, see for example Boeing 737 case or Unintended acceleration cases or Therac-... | wikipedia |
wiki_353_chunk_5 | Multivariate statistics | There are many different models, each with its own type of analysis:
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) extends the analysis of variance to cover cases where there is more than one dependent variable to be analyzed simultaneously; see also Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Multivariate regression ... | wikipedia |
wiki_521_chunk_25 | Statistics | Various attempts have been made to produce a taxonomy of levels of measurement. The psychophysicist Stanley Smith Stevens defined nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal measurements do not have meaningful rank order among values, and permit any one-to-one (injective) transformation. Ordinal measurements ... | wikipedia |
wiki_35358_chunk_8 | Swiss Seismological Service | Research and teaching
Besides earthquake monitoring and the assessment of seismic hazard, the researchers of the SED are involved in numerous national and international research projects, which are largely financed by third parties. This guarantees the permanent exchange of information across national borders. Fields ... | wikipedia |
wiki_24667_chunk_3 | Kabsch algorithm | Computation of the optimal rotation matrix
It is possible to calculate the optimal rotation based on the matrix formula but implementing a numerical solution to this formula becomes complicated when all special cases are accounted for (for example, the case of not having an inverse). If singular value decomposition ... | wikipedia |
wiki_25305_chunk_0 | National Agricultural Safety Database | The National Ag Safety Database (NASD) was developed with funding from the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the USDA Cooperative Extension Service (CES). The information contained in NASD was contributed by safety profess... | wikipedia |
wiki_3711_chunk_10 | 600-cell | Polyhedral sections
The mutual distances of the vertices, measured in degrees of arc on the circumscribed hypersphere, only have the values 36° = , 60° = , 72° = , 90° = , 108° = , 120° = , 144° = , and 180° = 𝜋. Departing from an arbitrary vertex V one has at 36° and 144° the 12 vertices of an icosahedron, at 60° an... | wikipedia |
wiki_11119_chunk_4 | Curvature invariant (general relativity) | In four dimensions, the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor, with respect to a timelike unit vector field , not necessarily geodesic or hypersurface orthogonal, consists of three pieces
the electrogravitic tensor
the magnetogravitic tensor
the topogravitic tensor
Because these are all transverse (i.e. projected ... | wikipedia |
wiki_17345_chunk_9 | American Society for Cell Biology | San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment
At the American Society for Cell Biology meeting in San Francisco in 2012, scientists developed the Declaration on Research Assessment, which calls for scientific output to be measured accurately and evaluated wisely. It also calls for scientists and institutions to ree... | wikipedia |
wiki_12176_chunk_6 | Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | Following research centers and institutes are subordinate to TÜBİTAK:
Marmara Research Center (MAM)
Energy Institute
Food Institute
Chemical Technology Institute
Environment and Cleaner Production Institute
Materials Institute
Earth and Marine Sciences Institute
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute
... | wikipedia |
wiki_4258_chunk_17 | Duality (mathematics) | From any three-dimensional polyhedron, one can form a planar graph, the graph of its vertices and edges. The dual polyhedron has a dual graph, a graph with one vertex for each face of the polyhedron and with one edge for every two adjacent faces. The same concept of planar graph duality may be generalized to graphs tha... | wikipedia |
wiki_29633_chunk_6 | Hoko River Archeological Site | Wet site
Archaeologists have discovered a variety of artifacts from the wet site. Items including: basketry, cords, a variety of fishing hooks, a 3,000-year-old fishnet (which is constructed from split spruce boughs), tiny stone blades (with their original cedar handles still intact), wood working tools, anchor stones... | wikipedia |
wiki_28245_chunk_2 | Stress functions | where is an arbitrary second-rank tensor field that is at least twice differentiable, and is known as the Beltrami stress tensor. Its components are known as Beltrami stress functions. is the Levi-Civita pseudotensor, with all values equal to zero except those in which the indices are not repeated. For a set of non-r... | wikipedia |
wiki_28756_chunk_20 | Computational creativity | Example of a simile: "Felt like a tiger-fur blanket."
The computational study of these phenomena has mainly focused on interpretation as a knowledge-based process. Computationalists such as Yorick Wilks, James Martin, Dan Fass, John Barnden, and Mark Lee have developed knowledge-based approaches to the processing of me... | wikipedia |
wiki_38870_chunk_20 | Amateur flight simulation | FlightGear is a free and open-source flight simulator that also simulates space flight in Earth's orbit, and is actively maintained by a large user community. FlightGear is used in professionally in Aerospace engineering and research, with a flight dynamics engine (JSBSim) that is used in a 2015 NASA benchmark to judge... | wikipedia |
wiki_1797_chunk_6 | Template metaprogramming | Compile-time class generation
What exactly "programming at compile-time" means can be illustrated with an example of a factorial function, which in non-template C++ can be written using recursion as follows:
unsigned factorial(unsigned n) {
return n == 0 ? 1 : n * factorial(n - 1);
} | wikipedia |
wiki_27287_chunk_3 | Insert (molecular biology) | History The field has expanded significantly since the publication in 1973 with biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer by using E. coli bacteria to learn how to cut fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes. The field has expanded tremendously in terms of precision and accuracy since th... | wikipedia |
wiki_4624_chunk_9 | Meander (mathematics) | The number of distinct semi-meanders of order n is the semi-meandric number Mn (usually denoted with an overline instead of an underline). The first fifteen semi-meandric numbers are given below . M1 = 1
M2 = 1
M3 = 2
M4 = 4
M5 = 10
M6 = 24
M7 = 66
M8 = 174
M9 = 504
M10 = 1406
M11 = 4210
M12 = 12198
M13 = 37378
M14 = 1... | wikipedia |
wiki_21394_chunk_4 | Rhind Mathematical Papyrus | The first part of the Rhind papyrus consists of reference tables and a collection of 21 arithmetic and 20 algebraic problems. The problems start out with simple fractional expressions, followed by completion (sekem) problems and more involved linear equations (aha problems). The first part of the papyrus is taken up b... | wikipedia |
wiki_4008_chunk_5 | Glasgow Haskell Compiler | In the tradition of type-directed compilation, GHC's simplifier, or "middle end", where most of the optimizations implemented in GHC are performed, is structured as a series of source-to-source transformations on Core code. The analyses and transformations performed in this compiler stage include demand analysis (a gen... | wikipedia |
wiki_21685_chunk_6 | Connected Mathematics | While engaged in collaborative problem solving and classroom discourse about mathematics, students are explicitly encouraged to reflect on their use of what the NCTM standards called mathematics processes and the now refer to as mathematical practices—making sense of problems and solving them, reasoning abstractly and... | wikipedia |
wiki_36588_chunk_35 | Psychological behaviorism | Psychological behaviorism's works project new basic and applied science at its various theory levels. The basic principles level, as one example, needs to study systematically the relationship of the classical conditioning of emotional responses and the operant conditioning of motor responses. As another projection, th... | wikipedia |
wiki_38351_chunk_5 | Quantum convolutional code | has support , weight three, delay one, and degree four. A sequence has finite support if its weight is finite. Let
denote the set of Pauli sequences with finite support. The following definition for a quantum convolutional code utilizes the set in its description. A rate -convolutional stabilizer code with is a comm... | wikipedia |
wiki_21574_chunk_6 | Fortune's algorithm | Weighted sites may be used to control the areas of the Voronoi cells when using Voronoi diagrams to construct treemaps. In an additively weighted Voronoi diagram, the bisector between sites is in general a hyperbola, in contrast to unweighted Voronoi diagrams and power diagrams of disks for which it is a straight line.... | wikipedia |
wiki_15388_chunk_16 | Marcellus Empiricus | Thirty-six chapters on treatments, consisting mainly of recipes both pharmacological and magical, and arranged by convention anatomically a capite ad calcem (“from head to toe,” in the equivalent English expression) as were Marcellus's sources Scribonius Largus and the Medicina Plinii. The treatment chapters run to 255... | wikipedia |
wiki_23187_chunk_17 | Unicode compatibility characters | Unicode also designates twenty-two (22) other letter-like symbols as compatibility characters.
Other Greek letter-based symbols (4): lunate epsilon (ϵ U+03F5), lunate sigma (ϲ U+03F2), capital lunate sigma (Ϲ U+03F9), upsilon with hook (ϒ U+03D2)
Mathematical constants (3): Euler constant (ℇ U+2107), Planck constant ... | wikipedia |
wiki_29869_chunk_5 | Virtual manipulatives for mathematics | Studies on the use of virtual manipulatives in mathematics for students with learning disabilities advocate the use of virtual manipulatives in mathematics for students with learning disabilities as it can favour: Practicality: Virtual manipulatives help where physical manipulation is not physically possible, it offer... | wikipedia |
wiki_4661_chunk_5 | University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore | Faculty of Earth Sciences and Engineering
Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering
Department of Mining Engineering
Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mechanical... | wikipedia |
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