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cd18524a-fd31-471b-87ea-a7931647b398 | Testicular tumor with best prognosis is | Teratoma | Seminoma | Yolk sac tumor | Sertoli cell tumor | 1b | single | Seminomas are radiosensitive tumors so prognosis is good. | Surgery | null |
1d9714bf-f1cf-4fd1-9263-0f1e97732e7f | Vaginal epithelium is a derivative of | Mesoderm of urogenital sinus | Endoderm of urogenital sinus | Mesoderm of genital ridge | Endoderm of genital ridge | 1b | single | The wall of the vagina from the lumen outwards consists firstly of the mucosa of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying lamina propria of connective tissue, secondly a layer of smooth muscle with bundles of circular fibers internal to longitudinal fibers, and thirdly an outer layer of connect... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
c067da7e-d1c7-4de1-9c4e-15ee72027526 | Good prognosis in schizophrenia is/are seen in: | Negative symptoms | Early onset | Acute onset | Family history of schizophrenia | 2c | single | Ans. C. Acute onsetGood Prognosis in Schizophrenia:Late onset (Onset >35 yr)Sho duration (<6months)Obvious precipitating factorsAcute onset/ Abrupt onsetGood premorbid social, sexuaI and work historiesMood disorder symptoms(especially depressive disorders)MarriedFamily history of mood disordersGood social suppo systems... | Psychiatry | null |
3102811b-2f8f-4f34-bdb5-9157eb463aea | Most common cause of GI bleed is - | Duodenal ulcer | CA stomach | Oesophageal varices | Erosive gastritis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Duodenal ulcer o Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of severe UGIB, accounting for upto 50% of cases. | Surgery | Benign Gastric Disease |
86e555cf-2e94-49a9-858c-a0510a4f22f5 | Mrs Reeta Wardhan, A 50-year-old female with rheumatoid ahritis is being considered for infliximab therapy. Which of the following tests should be performed before beginning treatment? | Liver function tests | PPD skin test | Pulmonary function tests | Visual examination | 1b | single | (Ref: Katzung 11/e p633) Infliximab is a monoclona antibody against TNF-a. It is commonly used to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid ahritis paicularly in patients who have failed methotrexate therapy. TNF-a inhibitors can cause serious adverse effects, including reactivation of latent tuberculosis. All patents being ... | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
e221bf59-47dd-4a4a-a416-763509e045dd | A 23-year-old male medical student fell asleep in his chair with Netter's Atlas wedged into his axilla. When he awoke in the morning, he was unable to extend the forearm, wrist, or fingers. Movements of the ipsilateral shoulder joint appear to be normal. Which of the following nerves was most likely compressed, produci... | Lateral cord of the brachial plexus | Medial cord of the brachial plexus | Radial nerve | Median nerve | 2c | single | The radial nerve is the most likely nerve compressed to cause these symptoms. This type of nerve palsy is often called "Saturday night palsy." One reason for this nickname is that people would supposedly fall asleep after being intoxicated on a Saturday night with their arm over the back of a chair, thereby compressing... | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
e48975c8-928c-4161-928f-a82de246125e | True about mycoplasma - | Obligate intracellular organism | Penicillin is effective treatment | Require cholesterol for growth | Have thick cell wall | 2c | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
91d6e525-0dcd-4805-98c0-0b9c7d99c3b7 | Atopic Dermatitis is diagnosed by: | Patch test | Wood Lamp | Clinical Examination | #NAME? | 2c | single | C i.e. Clinical Examination Itch (or pruritis)Q is a major diagnostic criteria whereas, Denny Morgan infra orbital fold is a minor criteria for diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis most commonly involves flexural surfaces like antecubital and popliteal fossa Q. However, in infantile phase, face and extenso... | Skin | null |
04f8f8d1-5a2a-445b-95a1-670e73a8794a | "Row of tombstones" appearance is seen in: | Irritant dermatitis | Pemphigus | Pemphigoid | Herpes zoster | 1b | single | Histopathology of pemphigus vulgaris Earliest changes -intercellular edema + disappearance of intercellular bridges in the lower most epidermis. Loss of coherence between epidermal cells (acantholysis) --> formation of clefts -->bullae in the suprabasal zone. Basal cells remain attached to the dermis, producing a "tomb... | Dental | Blistering disorders |
7bf8ea29-03ab-46a2-b347-ef6343c408f0 | Treatment of Multiple Carboxylase deficiency is | Biotin | Pyridoxine | Thiamine | Folic acid | 0a | single | Multiple carboxylase deficiencies is characterized by deficient activities of three biotin-dependent enzymes, propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Multiple carboxylase deficiencies is a form of metabolic disorder involving failures of carboxylation enzy... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
402f6e78-a5fb-4d48-9ad7-95df52d6c6c9 | Vein of Galen drains into- | Straight sinus | Sigmoid sinus | internal jugular vein | Superior longitudinal sinus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Straight sinus * Great cerebral vein of Galen: It is formed by the union of two internal cerebral veins, is 2 cm long and drains into the straight sinus. Its tributaries are:- (a) Internal cerebral veins, (b) Basal veins, (c) Occipital veins, (d) Posterior callosal vein | Anatomy | Head & Neck |
d4046ea5-3279-41b9-9cb8-d25de348862b | A 32-years old man with pelvic fracture is in urinary retention with blood at the external urinary means. Retrograde urethrogram shows prostatomembranous disruption. The most appropriate immediate treatment is: | Urethral catheterization | Exploration and repair of urethra | Suprapubic cystostomy | Perineal urethrostomy | 2c | single | Posterior Urethral injury- Posterior urethra is located in the pelvis and is fixed.- In cases of pelvic fracture- posterior urethra is more prone for injury.- Most common site of injury - bulbomembranous junction. Bulbar Urethral Injury Membranous Urethral Injury More common Less common Direct blow to the perineum (Str... | Surgery | Urethra and penis |
eb13766a-30cc-4aed-b10c-819cf5b169ea | The ECG change seen in hyperkalemia is | Narrowing of the QRS complex | Increased amplitude of P waves | Narrowing and peaking of T waves | Ventricular arrhythmias | 0a | single | Hyperkalemia (plasma K+ +-7.0 meq/L). The PR and QRS intervals are within normal limits. Very tall, slender peaked T waves are now present. Hyperkalemia (plasma K+ +-8.5 meq/L). The QRS complex is broad and slurred and the QRS interval has widened to 0.2 s. The T waves remain tall and slender Fuher elevation of the pla... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
0d1d39d8-62be-4d06-90f2-3ad76a06d798 | The most common pure germ cell tumour of the ovary | Choriocarcinoma | Dysgerminoma | Embryonal cell tumor | Malignant Teratoma | 1b | single | Ans. is b i.e. Dysgerminoma "Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant germ cell tumour accounting for about 40% of all ovarian cancers of germ cell origin." "Dysgerminomas are the most common malignant germ cell tumours of the ovary and have been considered the female - equivalent of seminoma." Most common germ cell t... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3501f7d8-a2b3-4004-beae-f835e880c6a0 | Plague is transmitted by the bite of | Rat flea | Culex mosquito | Body louse | Tse-Tse fly | 0a | single | Plague, also called Black death or Mahamari or The great death, is a zoonoses caused by yersinia pestis.
Wild rodent (Tetra indica) is the natural reservoir in India. o Most effective and commonest vector for plague is rat flea.
Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important species of rat flea for plague. Other important sp... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8ca58b0e-9523-40da-a645-6a377eafc460 | Extramammary paget's is seen in? | Uterus | Vulva | Vagina | Ovary | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Vulva(Ref: Robbins 9th ed p 999)Extramammary Paget's is rare lesion of the vulva is similar in its manifestations to Paget disease of the breast. In the vulva, it presents as a pruritic, red, crusted, maplike area, usually on the labia majora. aget disease is a distinctive intraepithelial proliferation of mali... | Pathology | Female Genital Tract |
55b6bc83-2e1f-442f-8845-8eb7a425ec36 | Berbeck's granules are seen in | Langerhan cells | Lymphocytes | Neutrophils | Basophils | 0a | single | Ans. a (Langerhan cells). (Ref. Robbins, Pathologic Basis of Disease 6th/pg.685)HISTIOCYTOSIS# Histiocytosis represents clonal proliferation of antigen- presenting dendritic cells.# It is of two types:- Localized histiocytosis (70%) i.e. Eosinophilic granuloma. It is the most benign variety of langerhans cell histiocyt... | Pathology | Blood |
63dd4b1f-7e1c-44f6-9bde-14272f21b7e9 | Drug used in Narcoanalysis is: | Cocaine | Pethidine | Atropine | Scopalamine | 3d | single | Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by K.D. Tripat hi p. 109, 113.Explanation:Hyoscine (Scopalamine)Atropine substitute and quartemary ammonium compoundLess potent and longer acting than atropineUsed for esophageal and gastrointestinal spastic conditions.- Hyoscine has been used to produce sedation and amnesia duri... | Pharmacology | Seedatives & Hyponotics |
53818fb7-3dde-4d6e-85d7-e4679ee5a970 | Lipid envelope is found in which virus? | Reo | Herpes | Picorna | All of the above | 1b | multi | All RNA viruses are enveloped, except PARC (Picorna, Astro, Reo, Calciviridae). | Microbiology | null |
482c0458-72c0-40b0-b661-321e6a1af3cf | Small intestinal stricture is not seen - | Lymphoma | Typhoid | Tumor | TB | 1b | multi | There is never significant fibrosis and hence fibrous stenosis (stricture) seldom occurs in healed typhoid lesions. | Pathology | null |
ad02ede6-41ee-456e-b247-9d399fe73bf1 | Reflex sympathetic dystrophy true is? | Osteoporosis | Increased skin temp | Common in athletes | Vasoconstriction | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osteoporosis RSD is a condition that features a group of typical symptoms, including pain (often burning type), tenderness, and swelling of an exterimity associated with varying degrees of sweating, warmth and/or shiny skin. It is an abnormal sympathetic response following trauma. This is commonly enc... | Surgery | null |
6ecec276-1cdf-48c1-b648-90a6b924dc32 | Which cause of death would cause an elevated level of cyanide | Cold | Starvation | Thermal burns | Poisoning | 2c | single | C i.e. Thermal burns | Forensic Medicine | null |
cbcf664e-1feb-4762-9633-411f62a078fc | Candida infections are seen in - | Chronic granulomatous disease | Chediak-Higashi syndrome | Myeloperoxidase deficieny | Lazy leucocyte syndrome | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Myeloperoxidase deficiency Patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency are paicularly liable to candida infection"--Ananthanarayan Immunodeficiency Infection * Chronic-granulomatous disease Catalase positive pyogenic infections * Chediak-Higashi syndrome Pyogenic infections * Myeloperoxidase deficiency C... | Microbiology | null |
045e8de4-4634-47df-9ebe-272f29d6d1f8 | True about viroids is?a) Cause tumors in animalsb) Lack envelope like coveringc) Have only genetic materiald) Visible on light microscope | bc | c | ac | ad | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
591e376d-a1cb-4891-bd19-4ad46dc295a0 | True about conscious sedation are all except ? | CNS depression | Patient is conscious | Protective reflexes are abolished | Patient can obey commands | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Protective reflexes are abolished conscious sedation, protective reflexes are intact (has been explained in previous sessions). | Anaesthesia | null |
4de0c240-3204-4fd6-9c12-f06e487d193b | Which of the following antiviral drug has a dual antiviral activity that is against HBV and HIV? | Saquinavir | Abacavir | Emtricitabine | None of the above | 2c | multi | Emtricitabine (FTC)
Emtricitabine, a fluoro derivative of lamivudine, inhibits both HIV and HBV.
Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Wolters Kluwer Sixth Edition page no 577 | Pharmacology | null |
e9895bfe-e733-4b29-a804-1b0851603194 | Second generation cephalosporin that can be used orally is : | Cefepime | Cefalothin | Cefaclor | Cefadroxil | 2c | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
b0525612-6517-4921-b748-9c553914ec68 | Compound used as primer in weapon is | Potassium chlorate | Sulphur | Potassium nitrate | Nitrocellulose | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Potassium chlorate Cartridge (round)* Cartridge is the ammunition used in firearms. Cartridge consists of (i) Cartridge case, (ii) Propellant (gun powder), (iii) Projectile (missile) and (iv) Wads (only in shotguns.).1) Cartridge case# It is the outer shell or covering of the cartridge. In shotgun it ... | Forensic Medicine | Injuries |
afb8fd59-6d49-4325-b6de-1d975fd3b3bd | True about primary pulmonary T.B. is: | Pleural effusion | Fibrocaseous lesion | Phlyctenular keratitis | All of the above | 3d | multi | PULMONARY TB:
Pulmonary TB is conventionally categorized as primary or postprimary (adult-type, secondary). This distinction has been challenged by molecular evidence from TB-endemic areas indicating that a large percentage of cases of adult pulmonary TB result from recent infection (either primary infection or reinfec... | Medicine | null |
7b371cdc-84ad-4419-b8ac-ccd94bbde64c | Which of the following teeth erupt earlier in the upper jaw- | Central incisor | Lateral Incisor | Canine | First molar | 1b | single | Eruption usually occurs in lower jaw first except it is preceded by lateral incisors in upper jaw. ref : Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg. 35.. | Forensic Medicine | Identification |
0f15c412-558f-415a-b30d-c758da7f3d88 | Where was the last case of Smallpox occured? | Somalia | Libya | Sudan | Uganda | 0a | multi | The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977 in Somalia and the World Health Organization ceified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
41639ada-6a47-400d-ae98-970cf0396ea0 | HIV affects -a) Only T helper cellsb) T helper and macrophagesc) NK cellsd) B - lymphocytes | c | bd | ab | ac | 1b | single | null | Microbiology | null |
25b47ae5-ea77-46de-8b84-1f6ac13e3428 | All are water borne disease, except- | Leptospirosis | Schistosomiasis | Fish tape worm | Brucellosis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Brucellosis Water Borne diseases o Those caused by the presence of an infective agent a)Viral Hep. A, Hep E, Polio, Rota virus diarrhoea b)Bacteria Typhoid & paratyphoid. Cholera, Bacillary dysentry. E coli diarrhoea c)Prnto:oal A moebiasis, Gardiasis. d)Helminthic round worm. thread worm, hydatid dis... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a2a62be8-bd2e-4fa0-b46d-d25066ea48fb | Which of the following is responsible for pubeal growth in females? | Decreased level of adrenal androgens at pubey | High level of estrogen at pubey | Pulsatile release of GnRH during sleep | Increased sensitivity of HPO axis to estrogen | 2c | single | Ans. c. Pulsatile release of GnRH during sleep | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ef7c4f35-1f98-4371-95a8-75d6027ae5b8 | Unit of intensity while testing for threshold of hearing in an audiogram is: | dB SL | dB HL | dB A | dB SPL | 0a | single | Pure tone and speech audiograms are measured in dB HL (hearing level). In normal hearing adult person hearing threshold is 0 dB HL.dB SL (sensation level) is the intensity of sound that will produce same sensation of hearing as in a normal person. Thus in a hearing-impaired individual who already has a hearing loss of ... | ENT | Ear |
a8dd9a97-9ea2-4481-8087-2cb858910d15 | 6-PhosphoGluconate dehydrogenase need | NAD | NADPH | FAD | FMN | 1b | single | The synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase may also be induced by insulin in the fed state,A second oxidative step is catalyzed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which also requires NADP+ as hydrogen acceptor.Ref: Harper&;s Biochemistry, 30th edition, page no: 210 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
1fa36b3c-6f86-4345-9d18-b3c6f69df00d | Cephalic index is most useful in identification of - | Age | Sex | Race | Religion | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Race o Cephalic index is used for determination of race.Race determination of skeletonA) Cephalic Index (CI)# Cephalic index is defined as the index of breadth of skull.Cephalic index =Max. breadth of skull--------------------Max. AP length of skullx 100# Based of cephalic index races are clasified in... | Forensic Medicine | Identification - Medicolegal aspects |
a7b4369d-20d4-462f-81d4-59a5c646fe0a | Virchows triad include all the following except | Stasis of blood | Abnormalities of venous channels | Hypercoagulability | Endothelial damage | 1b | multi | Ans) b (Abnormalities...) Ref Bailey 25th ed pg 936Virchow described three factors important in the development of VENOUS THROMBOSIS.1) Changes in the vessels wall (endothelial damage)2) Stasis, which is diminished flow through the veins.3) Coagulability of blood (thrombophlebitis)So answer is abnormalities of venous c... | Surgery | Venous Disorders |
666ca0bc-86b2-4bc8-a9f8-7af85ee48aa2 | Mid-day meals provided in schools provide ? | 1/2 of total calories & 1/2 of protein | 1/3 of total calories & 1/2 of protein | 1/2 of total calories & 1/3 of protein | 1/3 of total calories & 1/4 of protein | 1b | single | Ans. is `b' i.e., 1/3rd of total calories & 1/2 of daily protein requirement | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9c1e0b48-d361-4a79-90e6-aa9801f00cf8 | Radioresistant tumor is- | Lymphoma | Dvsgerminema | Breast cencer | Melanoma | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Melanoma Radiosensitivity of different tumorsHighly sensitiveModerately sensitiveRelative resistantHighly resistanto Lymphomao Seminomao Multiple myelomao Ewings sarcomao Wilm's tumoro Dysgerminomao Small cell carcinoma of lungo Breast cancero Basal cell carcinomao Medulloblastomao Teratomao Ovarian c... | Radiology | Physics of Radiotherapy |
e7054d83-9b65-4e0d-bd11-456d6aec285b | The following radiographic finding is associated with: | Fibrous dysplasia | Paget’s disease | Hyperparathyroidism | Osteoma | 1b | single | The bone progresses through an osteolytic and osteoblastic phase, which usually occur simultaneously, but with the osteoblastic phase being ultimately more dominant. Thus, the radiographic appearance is that of an increased radiopacity of the jaws. The bone tends to become more granular in appearance and the lamina dur... | Radiology | null |
3239d08b-10f4-4399-8681-f07127266648 | Side effect of clomiphene citrate includes all except : | Multiple pregnancy | Increase risk of ovarian cancer | Multiple polycystic ovary | Teratogenic effect on off springs | 3d | multi | Side effects of Clomiphene Hot flushes 10-20%, sweating due to estrogen deficiency,osteoporosis. anti estrogenic effect on cervical mucosa and endometrium, corpus Luteal Phase Defect Nausea and Vomiting Breast tenderness,weight gain Abdominal discomfo Mood swings Rashes(uicaria),headache,dizziness Multiple pregnancies ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Reproductive physiology and hormones in females |
d451da2e-563c-4b5c-b9b3-9b2320339e97 | A 50-year-old lady with thyroid swelling is diagnosed to have papillary carcinoma with mass having 4 cm at greatest diameter and invading strap muscles. Lymph node status was negative. What will be the stage of the disease? | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage IV | 0a | single | Extrathyroidal extension into strap muscles is T3b, Lymph node status is N0.Patients with below 55 years any T and any N with Mo (no metastasis) is taken as Stage IIf patient was above or 55 years age, would have been stage IIT1<2cmT2 2-4 cmT3a > 4cmT3bExtrathyroidal extension into strap musclesT4Gross extrathyroidal e... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
67aadcff-1dca-4ced-ab83-5d711482ad9f | Skin over pinna is: | Firm on both sides | Loose on medial side | Loose on lateral side | Loose on both sides | 1b | multi | Skin over the pinna is closely adherent to the perichondrium on the lateral surface while it is loosely attached on the medial surface. | ENT | Anatomy of External Ear |
9f518ea6-a45e-44a8-bf6d-70140ae5565b | Into which structure does hemorrhage occur after injury to the inferior rectal vessels? | A | B | C | E | 3d | single | Hemorrhage occur after injury to the inferior rectal vessels in ischiorectal fossa. The ischiorectal fossa lies in the anal triangle and is bound laterally by the obturator internus with its fascia and superomedially by the levator ani and external anal sphincter. It contains the inferior rectal vessels. Thus, haemorrh... | Anatomy | Development of GU system and Neuro-vascular supply of pelvis & perineum |
0acb7f11-7c36-4c5c-867e-489e2d5f8d14 | Histological finding of Reye's syndrome is | Budding and branching of mitochondria | Swelling of endoplasmic reticulum | Paranuclear microdense deposits | Glycogen depletion | 3d | single | please upload a reason for this question, if anyone.. | Pathology | null |
51b0ec24-5a87-41a7-b7c9-9209b59c815b | Stroke is common in - | Mania | Depression | Bipolar disorder | Schizophrenia | 3d | single | The rates of co-morbidity are higher in patients with some psychiatric disorders, compared to general population.
Stroke, Ischemic heart disease, and diabetes are more common in Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (schizophrenia >bipolor disorder).
Hypertension is more common in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (bipol... | Psychiatry | null |
23540665-a0d4-4233-8174-5a3d53abcf9e | drug of choice for acute attack of migraine is - | Sumatriptan | NSAIDS | Bromocriptine | Coicosteroids | 0a | single | Management of migraine Avoidance of identified triggers or exacerbating factors (such as the combined contraceptive pill) may prevent attacks. Treatment of an acute attack consists of simple analgesia with aspirin, paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Nausea may require an antiemetic such as metoclopr... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
320e8d10-b18d-4eee-84a1-f311dd8abd3d | Lupus vulgaris is - | Tuberculosis of skin | Basal cell carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Fox bite | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberculosis of skin o Lupus vulgaris is most common type of cutaneous tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculosis | |b1Exogenous SourceEndogenousHypersensitivityo Tuberculosis chancre (Primary inoculation TB)o Tuberculosis verucosa cutiso Lupus vulgariso Scrofulodermao Orificial tuberculosiso Miliary tuberc... | Skin | C. Mycobacteria |
7e2dc4c0-c5b4-4456-aa8b-88acb62f4f1b | At autopsy, a body is found to have copious fine leathery froth in mouth and nostrils which increased on pressure over chest. Which of the following was the most likely cause of death? | Epilepsy | Hanging | Drowning | Opium poisoning | 2c | single | Presence of fine, white, leathery froth seen at the mouth and nostrils is one of the most characteristic external signs of drowning. It is white or rarely blood stained, lather-like, abundant and increase in amount with compression of chest. Even after wiping it gradually reappears, especially if pressure is applied to... | Forensic Medicine | null |
9f708b33-8878-42c7-8837-1d7c7f77202e | All are mechanisms of IUCDs except: | Chronic endometrial inflammation | Increase the motility of tubes | Inducing endometrial atrophy | Inhibition of ovulation in >80% of the users | 3d | multi | Mechanism of Action: Several mechanisms are responsible for the contraceptive effect of an IUCD. The presence of a foreign body in the uterine cavity renders the migration of spermatozoa difficult. A foreign body within the uterus provokes uterine contractility through prostaglandin release and increases the tubal peri... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraception |
425321e8-92f9-4769-bb8e-db43df1de965 | Which of the following is not a feature of lateral cerebellar lesion? | Resting tremor | Dysahria | Nystagmus | Loss of Co-ordination of movements | 0a | single | Resting tremors are seen in Parkinsonism In cerebellar lesions intension tremors are seen. Tremors are rhythmic oscillatory movements of a body pa. Reference: Harrison20th edition pg 2256 | Medicine | C.N.S |
77d0436e-f3d3-4355-b814-9c762f534a41 | Reversible diabetic nephropathy is characterized by: | Microalbuminuria | Macroalbuminuria | Kimmelstiel Wilson lesion | Diffuse glomerulosclerosis | 0a | single | Microalbuminuria (<300 mg/day or <300mg/d) shows that diabetic nephropathy is reversible. Overt proteinuria ie >300mg/d is usually irreversible.
The most common histological pattern in DM is Diffuse Glomerulosclerosis.
The most typical histological pattern in DM is Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion (nodular glomerulosclerosi... | Medicine | null |
cefc2124-0fb6-490f-8acf-3ce31567b49a | Side effect of minoxidil which is used as therapeutic use? | Bradycardia | Hair growth | Gynecomastia | Vasodilation | 1b | single | Ans. B. Hair growthMinoxidil is arteriolar dilator. Its peculiar side effect is hair growth which is used in patients suffering from alopecia. | Pharmacology | C.V.S |
538a2633-15b7-4eeb-b9c4-e81afe91613d | A child presents with peripheral circulatory failure. The aerial pH is 7.0, pCO2 of 15 mmHg, p0276 mmHg. Which of the following will be the immediate therapy- | Sodium bicarbonate infusion | Bolus of Ringers lactate | Bolus of hydroxyethyl starch | Dopamine infusion | 1b | single | Ans. is b' i.e., Bolus of Ringers lactate It is a case of metabolic acidosis (lactic acidosis) due to peripheral circulatory failure (It is a common knowledge that in cases of peripheral circulatory failure metabolic acidosis occurs due to production of lactic acid). In moderate or mild cases of metabolic acidosis i.e.... | Pediatrics | null |
705539d1-1662-46aa-b963-9e0bcddb37b3 | Most common site of squamous cell carcinoma: | Floor of the mouth | Tongue | Buccal mucosa | Lip | 1b | single | Lateral border of tongue is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma of the tongue accounts for more than 50% of intraoral cancers in the United States. Two-thirds of lingual carcinomas appear as painless, indurated masses or ulcers of the posterior lateral border; 20% occur on anterior lateral or ven... | Pathology | null |
e908e909-9c53-4caf-93fd-7e520d6516cb | Bag and mask ventilation is contraindicated in ? | Cleft lip | Meconium aspiration | Diaphragmatic hernia | Multicentric bronchogenic cyst | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Diaphragmatic hernia o In diaphragmatic hernia, the abdominal contents herniating into thoracic cavity have already compromised ventilation. o Giving bag and mask ventilation to this patient will worsen the condition of the patient as air will also enter in the stomach and fuher compress the lungs. o ... | Pediatrics | null |
5912bd5b-f155-4710-ae1b-50d597978aec | In right handed individuals, the left cerebral hemisphere is more developed than the right cerebral hemisphere. The left cerebral hemisphere is mainly responsible for | Appreciation of music | Spatial orientation | Visual stimuli processing | Written and spoken language | 3d | single | Ans. d.Written and spoken language | Physiology | null |
bb9ab092-ff5a-4203-bd3d-145e793e43af | The best restoration for posterior tooth with an undermined cusp with caries is: | Cast gold | Silver amalgam | Direct gold filling | Pin retained amalgam restoration | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
b868860a-7d15-4c6c-b92d-bb6afa4796f2 | A child is brought to the pediatric OPD with high grade fever of 24 hours duration. History reveals 3 episodes of chest infection and passage of foul smelling stools. The most probable diagnosis is: | Cystic fibrosis | Maple syrup urine disease | Bilirubin conjugation defect | Criggler Najar syndrome | 0a | single | High grade fever and recurrent chest infection along with passage of foul smelling stools (steatorrhea) suggests a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. In cystic fibrosis because of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, foul smelling stool (steatorrhea) is common. Cystic fibrosis: Autosomal recessive disease Mutation in cystic f... | Pediatrics | Other Respiratory Disorders |
bcd16365-1272-4aa0-98ac-8ede942d046b | Acanthosis involves – | Str spinosum | Str granuolosum | Str Basale | Str corneum | 0a | single | Acanthosis
This term is used to describe an increase in a number of cells in the spinous cell layer or prickle cell layer of the epidermis. | Dental | null |
8389d3ec-9846-4edf-8c79-b3b0b7a7368e | Criteria for wholesome water? | Free from pathogenic organisms | Should be colourless | Should be free of chlorine | Should be clear | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Free from pathogenic organisms | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
f1299144-5a62-4753-8918-106b162039b3 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis is seen in | Diarrhea | A | Diabetes | None | 2c | multi | Causes of HAGMA CO, CN Alcoholic ketoacidosis and starvation ketoacidosis Toluene Metformin, Methanol Uremia DKA Pyroglutamic acidosis, paracetamol, phenformin, propylene glycol, paraldehyde Iron, Isoniazid Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol SalicylatesRef: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology 23rd edition Page no: 684 | Physiology | General physiology |
0a40a5a2-827e-442d-94d6-a7981036de29 | Concentric hyperophy of left ventricle is seen in - | Mitral stenosis | Hypeension | Aoic regurgitation | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypeensiono Concentric hyperophy In pressure overload, e.g. hypeension and aoic stenosis. o Eccentric hyperophy ---> In volume overload, e.g. in aoic regurgitation. | Pathology | null |
eb469644-21e2-4ee7-80a3-b783dbbcb107 | All the following are Causes of acute renal failure except | Hypovolemia | Rhadomyolysis | Snake bite | Pyelonephritis | 3d | multi | Other Causes :
Congestive cardiac failure.
NSAIDs.
Cyclosporine.
Acute glomerulonephritis. | Medicine | null |
8c7dddd5-09e2-403a-ad8a-ef71a00d02f1 | A patient from Himachal pradesh gets a thorn prick & subsequently presents with a verrucous lesion on feet which on microscopy revealed "Copper penny bodies". The diagnosis is | Sporothrix | Chromoblastomycosis | Eumycecoma | Verruca vulgaris | 1b | single | History of thorn prick and verrucous or cauliflower like appearance and presence of copper penny bodies suggests of chromoblastomycosis. | Dental | null |
80e44ac9-660b-4315-afea-80d9e53d5878 | Commonest cancer in burn scar is - | Sq. cell Ca | Fibrosarcoma | Adenoa Ca | Adeno-squamous Ca | 0a | single | Answer is 'a' i.e. Sq. Cell Ca. Malignancy arising in burn scar is k/a Marjolin's ulcer. It is most commonly squamous cell ca, although basal cell carcinomas may also be seen. | Surgery | null |
303bbb0d-4ae7-410b-ab49-4c0816e8e238 | The ideal place to record body temperature in dead body is - | Rectum | Axilla | Mouth | Groin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectum o Most common site for recording temperature is the rectum.o Thermameter is inserted in rectum around 8-10 cm for 2 minutes.o Other sites for recording temperature are nose, ear (external auditory meatus), vagina, and under liver. | Forensic Medicine | Death and Medicolegal Aspects |
ddb2b5a0-be07-4f3e-8baf-d81c37577185 | A person comes to you for advice regarding alcohol intake. He consumes alcohol daily and want to know the safe limit for drinking as he wants to avoid liver damage. What would be the approximate safe limit of alcohol in this scenario? | 210 gm/week | 310 gm/week | 410 gm/week | 510 gm/week | 0a | single | 210 gm of alcohol for men and 140 gm of alcohol in women per week is considered safe limit for drinking, if liver damage is to be avoided. Also know: % of alcohol in different beverages Rum - 50 to 60% Whisky, gin, brandy - 40 to 45% Po, sherry - 20% Wine - 10 to 15% Beer - 4 to 8% Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine an... | Forensic Medicine | null |
6e36a1e1-dc72-4820-bf57-d6cd048ba3cf | Spongiform degeneration of cerebral coex occurs in - | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis | Fatal familial insomnia | Cerebral toxoplasmosis | 0a | single | Spongiform Encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) Spongiform encephalopathy, also called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or mad-cow disease, though included under the group of viral encephalitis but is caused by accumulation of prion proteins. Prion proteins are a modified form of normal structural proteins present... | Pathology | Nervous system |
ef16ab64-2a35-4959-84fa-3bf69c23d59e | Congenital Coxa yarn is treated by - | Fixation by SP Nail | Osteotomy | Bone grafting | Traction | 1b | single | Treatment is by a subtrochanteric corrective osteotomy. | Orthopaedics | null |
8310d5ad-6cf2-46e4-aa8a-69e6742565e6 | A young boy of 18 years gets recurrent busts of otitis externa after swimming. Which of the following methods should be recommended? | Not to swim | Use 2% acetic acid after swimming | Use ear drops containing an antibiotic and steroid | Use an antifungal ear drops after swimming | 1b | single | Use of 2% acetic acid or dilute alcohol is the most-effective method to prevent otitis externa after swimming. Antibiotic, antifungal or steroid containing drugs are not recommended for prophylaxis. | ENT | Ear |
f8ccdfcf-695d-45ae-8317-caf6fe2f36b0 | In the immediate post operative period, body potassium is | Exchanged with calcium | Exchanged with magnesium | Retained in body | Excreted excessively | 3d | single | There is increased Adreno cortical activity which causes Na+ retention & K+ excretion. | Surgery | null |
87fe11c9-75da-412e-9284-28c9c7d27298 | Which of the following is not involved in Wernicke's Korsakoff psychosis- | Mamillary body | Thalamus | Periventricular Grey matter | Hippocampus | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hippocampus o Hippocampus is not involved in Wernicke 's korsakoff syndromeo The areas commonly affected include the:-# Medial dorsal thalamic nucleus# Mammillary bodies# Periaqueductal grey matter# Floor of the fourth ventricle which include the occular motor and vestibular nuclei.o The lesions of we... | Medicine | Miscellaneous (C.N.S.) |
9eabed04-9d63-4d17-b95e-d877c028fe33 | Koebner's phenomenon is seen in all except | Psoriasis | Warts | Tinea corporis | Molluscum contagiosum | 2c | multi | Ans. c (Tinea corporis). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 18th/Ch. 52)KOEBNER'S PHENOMENON: (ISOMORPHIC RESPONSE)# Epidermal injury may stimulate lesions to subsequently develop in the area of the injured skin. When the injury occurs in streaks, the ensuing papules will develop in linear array - Koebner's phenomenon.# Koebner... | Skin | Papulosquamous Disorders |
9062a2a2-81bf-4f7b-ac7e-c36091cb4692 | Etheromanias refer to ? | Acute psychosis post ether anaesthesia | Ether addiction | Excessive ether use drug anaesthesia | None | 1b | multi | Ans, B. Ether addictionEther addiction or etheromania is the addiction to inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether. | Psychiatry | null |
b9648996-6d4e-4975-bf15-b4bd9b8d0df6 | Which of the following does not occur in a patient with gastrinoma? | Epigastric pain | Diarrhoea | Basal acid output (BAO) less than 15 mEq/ litre | Serum gastrin levels >200 pg/ml | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Basal acid output (BAO) less than 15mEq/litre BAO is usually more than 15 meq/h in pts with gastrinoma (> 80% cases).A gastrinoma is a neuroendocrine tumour that secretes gastrin.The chronic hypergastrinemia leads to - gastric acid hypersecretion - peptic ulcer disease as well as diarrhoea.Symptoms of... | Medicine | Stomach |
5bc2b30a-12e6-46ab-8bda-ea25a0c55afe | True about Apoptosis all EXCEPT - | Annexin 5 is marker | Inflammation is present | Cell shrinkage | Clumping of chromatin | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inflammation is present o The two most striking features of apoptosis are:" 1.1n contrast to necrosis it does not elicit inflammation2. Considerable apoptosis may occur in tissues before it becomes apparent in histological section (because it occurs very rapidly). | Pathology | null |
b373b67f-be1c-41cf-bc25-eed938c7a24d | Resperidone increases the risk of: | Cerebrovascular accidents | Extrapyramidal symptoms | Agranulocytosis | Diabetes insipidus | 1b | single | Ref: KDT 6/e p429 *Risperidone is an atypical anti-psychotic agent. *It carries no risk of blood dyscrasias. *EPS occur at higher dose (>6mg/day) *It is less epiletogenic than clozapine. It cause rise of prolactin during therapy. It can cause SIADH. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
4629affb-e1c9-44e1-a7e2-15a0b6bbea12 | Dose of lignocaine for spinal anesthesia is `)/0 of: | 5 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 0a | single | 5% | Anaesthesia | null |
6e83f5a3-9b6d-43b8-906b-78974d2adb73 | Any edentulous space created by the loss of a canine and any two contiguous teeth is best restored with: | FPD | RPD | Both | Depends upon the status of the abutment. | 1b | multi | Missing maxillary canine or mandibular canine (one tooth) come under complex fixed partial dentures and central incisor, lateral incisor and 1st premolar acts as abutments, where as for other teeth(incisors, premolars and molars) the adjacent teeth in relation to the missing tooth are enough to act as abutments.
FPD r... | Dental | null |
2e5a6855-28b0-4984-93d4-1dd90c3425d1 | A peripheral smear with increased neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is highly suggestive of | Acute myeloid leukemia | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Chronic myelogenous leukemia | Myelodysplastic syndrome | 2c | single | The peripheral blood picture of this patient is quite characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a stem cell disease that is characterized by leukocytosis with granulocytic immaturities, basophilia, splenomegaly and distinct chromosomal abnormality Philadelphia chromosome. | Pathology | null |
8dd0fe26-4547-43b4-8162-db0c01fda34d | Cleft lip is repaired at: (Repeat) | 2 - 4month | 1-4 weeks | 6-12 months | 12-18 months | 0a | single | Ans: A (2 - 4 months) Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th Edition Explanation: Timing of elective surgery for various conditions Cleft lip 3 months Cleft soft palate. 3 months Cleft hard palate. 12-15 months Combined soft and hard palate. 1 year Combined lip and soft palate. 3 months Hypospadias. 6-12 months Umb... | Unknown | null |
83f070ff-abdd-4c13-9724-d6d9261794e1 | Most common causative organism for ascending cholangitis is - | Streptococcus | Proteus | E. coli | Anaerobes | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
a89f8b03-57b6-42e8-a60e-40c03db9bdc4 | Parachute reflex disappears _____ | at 3 months | at 6 months | at bih and reappears at 9 months | Never | 3d | single | The parachute reflex occurs at 7-8 months of age and remains throughout life. It can be evoked by holding the infant&;s trunk and then suddenly lowering the infant as if he or she were falling. The arms will spontaneously extend to break the infant&;s fall. This reflex is a prerequisite to walking. Ref: Nelson textbook... | Pediatrics | New born infants |
124b65fd-0f8a-4e01-a3ae-224657803c7a | In leucopenia, which cell type is predominantly involved? | Erythrocytes | Granulocytes | Eosinophils | Monocytes | 1b | single | Leucopenia
The absolute granulocyte count is particularly low (below 1500/µl) with relative lymphocytosis. The neutrophils are morphologically normal, but their alkaline phosphatase score is high.
Reference: Textbook of Pathology, Harsh Mohan, 7th ed page no 302 | Pathology | null |
4e1356d3-ec07-44da-a8fe-9da2252391e1 | Which of the following pharyngeal pouch give rise to ultimobranchial body? | II | III | IV | V | 3d | single | Pharyngeal pouch V give rise to ultimobranchial body which is a pa of the thyroid gland that give rise to parafollicular or C cells. Pharyngeal pouches and their derivatives: Pharyngeal pouchStructures derivedIMiddle ear cavity, eustachian tube, tympanic membraneIIPalatine tonsil, tonsillar fossaIIIInferior parathyroid... | Anatomy | null |
9590fb31-7cba-4a5c-b4dc-ba8f2ed9b409 | The beginning of the thoracic duct is known as the: | Intestinal lymph trunk | Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk | Jugular lymph trunk | Cisterna chyli | 3d | single | The cisterna chyli, or the beginning of the thoracic duct, receives the right and left lumbar trunks. The cisterna lies on the bodies of the upper two lumbar veebrae between the right crus of the diaphragm and the abdominal aoa and represents a dilated receptacle for the lymph gathered from the lower pa of the body. Re... | Anatomy | null |
44b0daef-d82e-4431-85a6-8c666705d781 | Galton's system is used for: | Dactylography | Poroscopy | Ridgeology | Anthropometry | 0a | single | Ans. Dactylography | Forensic Medicine | null |
5fe9fd15-0280-4dbf-abe7-bda975f1aac5 | After using transdermal nitroglycerin skin patches for 1 week, a patient with an 8-month history of chronic stable angina pectoris observes an increasing frequency of mild angina episodes during exeion. The patient has been conscientiously applying a new patch every morning immediately after removing the old one. The p... | A sudden onset of vasospastic angina | Engaging in vigorous exercise | Cellular tolerance to organic nitrates | Induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme by nitroglycerin | 2c | single | Tolerance to organic nitrates may develop in a few days or less, depending on the dose and frequency of administration. Continuous exposure to nitroglycerin through use of a transdermal skin patch has frequently caused nitrate tolerance. A daily 10-to-14-hour drug-free period will prevent nitrate tolerance. Nitrate tol... | Medicine | C.V.S |
15cdd88f-0a0e-4d57-aed2-2b91eadfb004 | Regarding Precipitous labour , all of the following statements are true EXCEPT ? | An expulsion of the fetus in < 3 hours | Can be frequently followed by uterine atony | Neonatal outcome is uniformly good | Maybe associated with uterine, cervical or vaginal lacerations | 2c | multi | Precipitous labor It is an extremely rapid labor and delivery, resulting in expulsion of the fetus in<3 hours. It is frequently followed by uterine atony. The uterus that contracts with unusual vigor before delivery is likely to be hypotonic after delivery. Adverse perinatal outcomes from rapid labor are there such as ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - III |
5eae8f2e-6151-4a23-b771-318e4b117105 | Meals supplied in mid day meals programme should provide: September 2005, March 2013 (g) | 1/2 calories and 1/2 proteins | 1/2 calories and 1/3 proteins | 1/3 calories and 1/2 proteins | 1/3 calories and 1/3 proteins | 2c | single | Ans. C: 1/3 calories and 1/2 proteins Mid-day meal programme/school lunch programme is in operation since 1961 with the major objective of attracting more children to schools and retain them so that literacy improvement of children could be brought about. The meal supply should provide at least one-third of the total e... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
609bb1c0-00ae-42a9-baa1-b647d6366f16 | All are features of Vit. D intoxication, except ? | Nausea and vomiting | Muscular weakness | Anorexia | Oliguria | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Oliguria There is polyuria (not oliguria) Hvpervitaminosis D o The sign and symptoms of vitamin D intoxications are secondry to hypercalcemia which is caused by - i) Excessive bone resorption (major cause) --> Vit D causes bone resorption. ii) Increased calcium absorption o Manifestations are ? 1. GIT... | Pediatrics | null |
ad9aec30-14ba-496a-9524-641cbe973c22 | Fifth clinical sign i.e., loss of function (functio laesa) was added by: | Rudolf Virchow | Elie Metchinkoff | Louis Pasteur | George Bernard | 0a | single | Acute inflammation Four cardinal signs of inflammation was given by Celsus. Rubor (redness) Tumor (swelling) Calor (heat) Dolor (pain). These signs are hallmarks of acute inflammation. A fifth clinical sign, loss of function (functio laesa), was added by Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century. Metchinkoff described process... | Pathology | Basic Concepts and Vascular changes of Acute Inflammation |
be3baa02-2d6d-416a-830e-635ef701bac8 | Tumor marker relevant with ovarian carcinoma is: | CA-125 | CA-19.9 | CD-30 | CD-25 | 0a | single | Answer is A (CA 125) : Manual of Clinical Surgery by Kirk CA 125 is the most commonly used tumor marker for ovarian cancer - Kirk CA-125 is found in derivatives of Coelomic epithelium, including pleura pericardium and peritoneum but is not detected in normal ovarian tissue. | Medicine | null |
7cba5599-7c22-4ec7-a5f4-b3c37d43d54d | Incision for medicolegal autopsy include all except? | 'T' shaped | 'Y' shaped | Modified 'I' shaped | Modified 'Y' shaped | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Modified 'I' shaped Types of primary skin incisions are :?I-shaped incision: Extending from the chin straight down to symphysis, passing to the side the umblicus.Y-shaped incision: Begins close to acromion process and then extends down below the breast across to xiphold process from where it is carrie... | Forensic Medicine | null |
289b88c1-5efa-40e2-a78d-7c83bbaea9c9 | The secondary flare is necessary for class II cast gold inlay preparation for several reasons, but basically the direction of the flare results in: | Good aesthetics | 60° marginal metal which is burnishable | 40° marginal metal which is burnishable | 10° marginal metal which is burnishable | 2c | multi | Secondary flare:
It is a flat plane superimposed peripherally to the primary flare. Advantages are:
Secondary flare ensures cavosurface margins to extend into embrasures (self-cleansing area).
Permits easy burnishing and finishing of the restoration.
Produces more obtuse-angled and stronger cavosurface margin.
In cla... | Dental | null |
7dcb334a-45f3-4258-aafc-afb323d590eb | In dermatomyositis which is not seen | Salmon patch | Gottron's papules | Peringual telangiectasia | Mechanic finger | 0a | single | *DM is a distinct entity identified by a characteristic rash accompanying or more often preceding muscle weakness. this includes heliotrope rash ,erythema of knuckles with a raised violaceous scaly eruption(Gottron's sign). *Dilated capillary loops at the base of fingernails are also characterised *Palma areas of finge... | Medicine | C.N.S |
61847e4b-068d-4f49-9fef-08dae45d16dc | Skin graft vestibuloplasty prevent relapse by: | Forming a barrier to reattachment of muscle to periosteum | Promoting osteogenesis to establish a bone barrier to loss of sulcus depth | Causing an inhibitory effect on fibroblasts in the underlying tissue | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Surgery | null |
74c2bc39-f5ab-490a-834a-e2d6e8365dd5 | A person who comes in contact with a case of coronavirus (COVID- 19) needs to be followed up for | 7days | 21days | 42 days | 14 days | 3d | single | A person who comes in contact with a coronavirus(COVID-19) case (confirmed or probable) needs to be followed up for apperance of symptoms of coronavirus for the maximum incubation period of 14 days. Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-19. People with COVID-19 should receive suppoiv... | Microbiology | Virology |
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