id
stringlengths
36
36
question
stringlengths
1
1.57k
opa
stringlengths
1
287
opb
stringlengths
1
287
opc
stringlengths
1
286
opd
stringlengths
1
301
cop
class label
4 classes
choice_type
stringclasses
2 values
exp
stringlengths
1
22.5k
subject_name
stringclasses
21 values
topic_name
stringlengths
3
135
4547a3c5-df16-421f-b335-aa8591d07cc7
The ratio of the median lethal dose of the median effective dose is the
Morbidity index
Moratality index
Anesthetic ratio
Therapeutic index
3d
single
null
Pharmacology
null
90c9c09a-e70b-4732-84b9-1b2c829d6e92
Higher auditory centre determines:
Sound frequency
Loudness
Speech discrimination
Sound localization
3d
single
Sound localization Sound localization in horizontal plane depends on 2 things: 1. the time lag between the entry of sound into one ear and its entry into the opposite ear, and 2.difference in intensities between the sound in the two ears The detectable time difference is said to be the most impoant factor at frequencie...
ENT
null
015265c6-3b50-4912-8edd-71f2855c58d3
1st Permanent teeth to appear ______________
Molor
Premolor
Incisor
Cannine
0a
single
Permanent teeth begin to come in around the age of 6. In some children, the first permanentmolars are the first to emerge; in others, the incisors are the first to emerge. By the age of 13, most of the 28 permanent teeth will be in place. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
Pediatrics
Growth and development
842a7998-b8cf-45cb-b3a3-628f56dd4015
An infant present with hypotonia and hyporeflexia with significant prenatal history of polyhydraminos and decreased fetal movements. What do you suspect?
Spinal muscular atrophy
Classical myotonic dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Emery-Dreifuss syndrome
0a
single
Among the given options, only spinal muscular atrophy presents in infancy and the rest in late childhood. Spinal Muscular atrophy (SMA) It is a degenerative disease of motor neurons, caused by the mutation of SMN gene with autosomal-recessive inheritance. Clinical features: Usually stas in infancy with hypotonia, hypor...
Pediatrics
Musculoskeletal disorders
8ecc5a07-88d5-4201-b172-c7d58d336c81
Pharmacokinetics is-
Study of drug movement in the body
Study of drug effects
Study of drug responses, governed by heredity'
None of the above
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Study of drug movement in the body Pharmakokineticso Pharmakokinetics is the quantitative study of drug movement, in through and out of the body,o That means, it is the study of the effect of body on the drug.o So, it is also known as ADME study as it deals with Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism an...
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
b350d044-bc1b-4510-989d-7601ea5c2075
Korner's septum is seen in -
Petrosquamous suture
Temporosquamous suture
Petromastoid suture
Frontozygomatic suture
0a
single
The petrosquamous suture may persist as a bony plate - the Korners septum.
ENT
null
afbd8f0b-7b7d-4b4d-bac5-0b319ae01568
What is the inheritance pattern of Alport syndrome
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X linked dominant
X linked recessive
2c
single
All of the above inheritance pattern is seen, but if we have to choose one, it is X linked dominant pattern. Because it is the most common inheritance pattern.
Pathology
null
41da97d2-ffff-4e11-8667-0898943e2635
A 3 year old child comes with complaint of limp diagnosis is
Septic Arhritis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Pehe's disease
DDH
0a
single
.Septic ahritis, also known as jointinfection or infectious ahritis, is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation. Symptoms typically include redness, heat and pain in a single jointassociated with a decreased ability to move the joint.
Pediatrics
Musculoskeletal disorders
934699ff-03d7-418a-8156-16c8fd8c61e2
Which of the following is not a labile cell
Bone marrow
Epidermal cells
Small intestine mucosa
Hepatocytes
3d
multi
Ref Robbins 8/e p81-84; 9/e p101 Liable cells Rapid rate of replication Skin GIT,oral cavity Permanent cells Cannot divide in postnatal life Neurones , skeleton muscles
Anatomy
General anatomy
be0d8e8a-7596-45f0-af43-fec6d875b1d8
Pudendal nerve block involves?
LI L2 L3
L3 L4 L5
SI S2 S3
S2 S3 S4
3d
single
ANSWER: (D) S2 S3 S4REF: Morgan 3rd ed p. 331. Essentials of Pain Management - Nalini Vadivelu, Richard D. Urman, Roberta L. Hines Page 428, Grant's atlas of anatomy - Page 270"Pudendal nerve block involves S2 S3 S4"The pudendal nerve innervates the lower vagina, perineum, and vulva. Block of this nerve can be used to ...
Anaesthesia
Spinal, Epidural, & Caudal Blocks
6c3a15b3-bce2-4ea3-a309-a200020db6af
Hemianopia cortical blindness, amnesia and thalamic pain are associated with the occlusion of -
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
2c
single
null
Medicine
null
d8b5549f-e64a-4899-80f2-8da1aebe83cf
Maximum velocity of conduction is seen in?
SA node
AV node
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje fibers
3d
single
ANSWER: (D) Purkinje fibersREF: Guyton's physiology 22nd edition page 105Velocity of Signal Conduction in Cardiac Muscle:The velocity of conduction of the excitatory action potential signal along both atrial and ventricular muscle fibers is about 0.3 to 0.5 m/sec, or about 1/250 the velocity in very large nerve fibers ...
Physiology
Heart: Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart
2beacc2b-8318-47ce-8cb6-35230de0bd82
Deep inguinal ring is a defect in aponeurosis of:
External oblique muscle of abdomen
Internal oblique muscle of abdomen
Transverse abdominis muscle
Transversalis fascia
3d
single
Ans. (d) Transversalis fasciaRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 955* Deep inguinal ring is the opening in the transversalis fascia through which the ductus deferens and gonadal vessels (or round ligament in the female) enter the inguinal canal.* Located midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle, it is ...
Surgery
Inguinal Hernias
06167a39-a36c-4e35-b6dd-788e5e4a58fa
All are ECG changes in hypokalemia, except
U wave
ST segment sagging
T-wave flattening or inversion
QT interval prolongation
3d
multi
null
Medicine
null
31517a16-ba77-46a5-8cbd-b19d27e8e263
320 IPC is for –
Defines hurt
Defines murder
Attempt to murder
Defines grievous hurt
3d
single
According to sec. 320 IPC any of following injuries are grievous. Emasculation Permanent privation of sight of either eye Permanent privation of hearing of either ear Privation of any member or joint Destruction or permanent impairing of power of any member or joint Permanent disfiguration of head or face Fracture or d...
Forensic Medicine
null
b181b960-3a68-4120-aa76-79bd7e1c28fa
A patient with alkaline urine which is cloudy with plenty of pus cells is suffering from infection with ?
E. coli
Proteus
T.B.
None
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Proteus
Surgery
null
4641554c-923d-4dcf-9f65-e7bb9016b8cb
Which of the following is a mydriatic drug with longest duration of action
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
Homatropine
Atropine
3d
single
Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed: Pg no:152 Tropicamide is the shoest acting, so very commonly used for fundoscopy atropine is the longest acting - acts for 1 week not commonly used for adults, used only for children for fundoscopy - 1% atropine ointment
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
f848faca-9224-4e37-8a92-1aa21c844acc
Granuloma is pathological feature of all of the following types of vasculitis, EXCEPT:
Giant cell aeritis
Microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener's granulomatosis
Churg strauss disease
1b
multi
In microscopic polyangiitis, granulomas does not appear. Histologically it is characterized by the presence of segmental fibrinoid necrosis initially associated with neutrophilic infiltration and followed by monocyte, macrophage and lymphocyte. Giant cell aeritis is a focal, chronic, granulomatous inflammation found in...
Pathology
null
6c4f19c6-0dd7-4780-b543-a746d1d48bae
Which nerve pierces the thyroid gland?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Inferior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Posterior laryngeal nerve
2c
single
Ans. C Recurrent laryngeal nerveRef: BDC, Vol: 3 pg. 171, 172,173, 176.* It is recurrent laryngeal nerve that pierces the thyroid gland.Must know about Thyroid* The gland consists of 2 lobes that are joined to each other by the isthmus* The gland extends against vertebrae C5, C6, C7 and T1* It weighs about 25 g.* The t...
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy
5a70b12d-b6eb-440e-888f-d2b205cf4de9
Which of the following is false regarding brain abscess
Most common source of infection is by direct spread from a contiguous cranial site of infection, such as paranasal sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, or dental infection
Hematogenous abscesses are often multiple, and multiple abscesses often (50%) have a hematogenous origin.
Hematogenous abscesses show a predilection for the territory of the middle cerebral aery
Abscesses that develop as a result of direct spread of infection from the sinuses and dental infections are usually located in the temporal lobe.
3d
multi
Approximately one-third of brain abscesses are associated with otitis media and mastoiditis, often with an associated cholesteatoma. Otogenic abscesses occur predominantly in the temporal lobe (55-75%) and cerebellum (20-30%). In some series, up to 90% of cerebellar abscesses are otogenic. Abscesses that develop as a r...
Medicine
C.N.S
3a2508ec-c22a-47a4-a034-b5cd995d18b4
Retention of mature neutrophils in bone marrow is known as:
Myelokathesis.
Myelocytosis
Leukocytosis
Leukemia
0a
single
null
Pathology
null
c3df5528-a18d-4253-b0d4-048c4e4d066e
Feces are disinfected best by ?
1% formaldehyde
5% cresol
5% phenol
Isopropyl alcohol
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 5% cresol "The most effective disinfectant for general use is a coal-tar disinfectant with a Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficient of 10 or more such as cresol".
Microbiology
null
10233431-b445-40f9-8b23-9cbc423991ff
Which of the following is true about splenic aery ?
Smaller than left gastric aery
Gives sho gastric aeries along the fundus
Curves around the fundus
Arises from abdominal aoa
1b
multi
Splenic aery branches from the celiac aery and follows a course superior to pancreas. Splenic aery gives off branches to the stomach and pancreas before reaching the spleen. Sho gastric aery is through the upper pa of greater curvature of stomach and fundus of the stomach. Some other branches are: Branch to the pancrea...
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
386c4725-7713-44d3-92b4-cbf70c223313
Closure of neural tube begins at which of the following levels:
Cervical region
Thoracic region
Cephalic end
Caudal end
0a
single
Closure of neural groove into neural tube begins in cervical region(5th somite) and proceeds cranially and caudally in a bidirectional manner. But according to latest concept it has been postulated that closure begins at multiple sites and proceeds simultaneously.
Anatomy
General Embryology 2
9a94579e-2a42-40e4-9db4-29234fcbe0d3
Which of the following type of necrosis is most commonly associated with ischemic injury:
Coagulative necrosis
Casseous necrosis
Liquifactive necrosis
Fat necrosis
0a
single
Ans. (a) Coagulative necrosisRef. Robbiti's pathology 9th ed. /41-43, 50COAGULATIVE NECROSIS* This pattern of necrosis is typically seen in hypoxic environments, such as infarction.* Coagulative necrosis occurs primarily in tissues such as the kidney, heart and adrenal glands.* Severe ischemia most commonly causes coag...
Pathology
Mechanisms of Cell Injury
4ed0bd85-6b73-450d-ace5-249dce24cb49
Von Gierkes disease is due to deficiency of?
Branching enzyme
Debranching enzyme
Phosphorylase
Glucose 6 phosphatase
3d
single
null
Biochemistry
null
6b79e5ff-2945-4d97-b9b3-c5e7fa01aa63
Acetyl CoA is produced from various reactions in the body. Acetyl coA can be directly conveed to all, EXCEPT:
Glucose
Fatty acids
Cholesterol
Ketone bodies
0a
multi
Acetyl CoA is formed from glucose. Following are the fate of Acetyl CoA after its formation: Oxidation in TCA cycle to form CO2 AND H2O Cholesterol biosynthesis Ketogenesis Fatty acid synthesis Acetylation reactions (Detoxication) Formation of acetyl choline Melatonin synthesis Ref: Textbook of Medical Biochemistry By ...
Biochemistry
null
b94275cb-e62f-4505-8c68-8cd40a45b1eb
True about adenocarcinoma of lung-
More common in female
Smoking is not associated with
Central cavitations
Upper lobe involvement is most common
0a
multi
Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan) 6th edition,page no.500 Adenocarcinoma: Adenocarcinoma, also called peripheral carcinoma due to its location and scar carcinoma due to its association with areas of chronic scarring,is the most common bronchogenic carcinoma in women and isslow-growing. Recent estimates on adenoca...
Pathology
Respiratory system
0ae5dc6a-3f8c-4953-91fe-06da78fea732
Potassium-sparing diuretics are all except:
Spironolactone
Triamterene
Amiloride
Ethacrynic acid
3d
multi
classification: High efficacy diuretics - Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torasemide Medium efficacy( inhibit Na-Cl sympo ) - Thiazides ( Hydrochlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Clopamide ), Thiazide-like (Indapamide, Xipamide, Metolazone) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - Acetazolamide Potassium-sparing - Spirono...
Pharmacology
Kidney
6b3f923c-68fb-4ba1-882b-f4e17a8dcf9f
Metastatic calcification is most commonly seen in
Cornea
Extensor tendons
Brain
Renal tubules
3d
single
Metastatic calcification may occur in normal tissues whenever there is hypercalcemia. Metastatic calcification may occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the gastric mucosa, kidneys, lungs, systemic aeries, and pulmonary veinsReference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis o...
Pathology
General pathology
1a2dce8b-f459-4efb-b9a1-409eda644293
All are therapeutic role of recording base, except?
Establishment of VDR
Establishment of VDO
For chewcking under/overextended borders of final impression
Determination & recording of CR
2c
multi
null
Dental
null
8672eeac-d6ba-4360-bdcc-6bfb1565d5bb
A 29-year-old female diagnosed with AIDS has been suffering from a progressive blurring of vision in her right eye. On fundoscopic examination, a small white opaque lesion is noted on the retina of her right eye. Most appropriate therapy for this patient?
Acyclovir
Amantadine
Flucytosine
Ganciclovir
3d
multi
This is the history of retinitis caused by CMV. CMV belongs to herpes group of viruses. It is also called as HSV5. The site of latent infection is the kidney and the salivary glands. This virus is the most common cause of oppounistic infection after solid-organ transplant and is also the most common cause of intrauteri...
Surgery
null
0abe88b5-bde3-43f5-863d-fe4164f59b8d
A diabetic with HbA1c of 11% will requires all of management except?
Off loading
Debridement
Antiseptic agent dressings
Antibiotics
2c
multi
Consensus statement from the ADA identifies six intervention with demonstrated efficacy in diabetic foot wounds : off-loading debridement, wound dressings, appropriate use of antibiotics, revascularization, and limited amputation. Off-loading is the complete avoidance of weight bearing on the ulcer, which removes the m...
Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus
c16f43f5-4a08-48b7-bd13-554008bf9a8a
Puerperium is the period:
6 wks. following delivery
3 wks. following delivery
1 wk. following delivery
None of the above
0a
multi
Ans. A. 6wks following deliveryPuerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6wks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the nonpregnant size.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Miscellaneous (Obs)
adf12de6-6ed0-40f8-8570-c6c94619ad11
Erythema multiforme Is most often related to
Herpes zoster infection
Herpes simplex infection
Molluscurn contagiosum infection
Human papillorna virus infection
1b
single
Erythema multiforme is associated with infections like herpes simplex virus mostly. And less commonly Mycoplasma pneumonia. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 186
Dental
Vestibulobullous disorders
39e77ab9-f92e-4fb9-a0f2-e79b8c9922c4
Not a tributary of Azygos Vein among the following is
Lumbar Ascending vein
Subcostal Vein
Intercostolumbar azygos vein
Right Bronchial Vein
2c
single
1. Formative tributaries of Azygos Vein are Lumbar Ascending vein, Subcostal Vein and lumbar azygos vein. 2. Right Bronchial Vein is the last tributary of Azygos Vein
Anatomy
null
78e73595-a7e5-409c-866c-7f580505aa20
A subcentre in a hilly area caters to a population of –
1000
2000
3000
5000
2c
single
Remember the following facts ​A sub centre caters a population of - 5000 in general, 3000 in hilly, tribal & backward areas A PHC caters a population of* - 30,000 in general, 20,000 in hilly, tribal & backward area. A Community health centre caters a population of - 80,000 to 1.2 lakh. A health assistant (male & femal...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
cfec8ed3-9f71-48be-ab44-802db72aeffe
Septal perforation is not seen in:
Septal abscess
Leprosy
Rhinophyma
Trauma
2c
single
(c) Rhinophyma(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 1; 1150)Also known as potato nose Rhinophyma is due to hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands of the tip of nose. It does not involve the septum.
ENT
Disease of External Nose & Nasal Septum
dd790351-25c3-4fd1-8501-067826ab7b4c
Which of the following cranial nerve nucleus is located deep to facial colliculus?(AIIMS May 2015, November 2014)
Abducent nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
0a
single
Ans. a. Abducent nerve (Ref: Gray's anatomy 40/e p240; Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations 2013/Vol. 7/e p178) Abducent nerve nucleus is located deep to facial colliculus."Facial colliculus is situated in the pons. It overlies the abducent nucleus. The facial nerve originates from its nucleus and goes around the...
Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
ae87e085-2991-427e-8af6-f5d547216d0f
The following ECG represents ?
Rabbit ear pattern
Delta wave
P pulmonale
P mitrale
3d
single
The ECG represents P mitrale pattern which is seen in left atrial hyperophy. P- mitraleis Broad, notched/bifid ( M shaped) P wave in limb leads. Width of P wave > 2.5mmwith anotch in Lead II. ( increased duration > 0.12s) Seen in MS,MR and Systemic HTN. Rabbit ear pattern is seen in Bundle Branch Block Delta wave is se...
Medicine
ECG and Arrhythmias 1
a36f28f3-5ced-4d4d-985c-963b2a79955d
Which of the following anticancer drugs acts by hypomethylation?
Gemcitabine
5-FU
Decitabine
Homoharringotonine
2c
single
Decitabine is used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes (diseases of the blood and bone marrow; MDS) and ceain types of anemia. This medicine is an antineoplastic (cancer medicine) . Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA methyltransferase, causing hypomethylation of DNA & cellular differentiation or apoptosis Pharmacokinetic...
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
491ef0ec-b526-461e-8dd6-df2a53bea5f8
All are true regarding cluster headache except:
Most common in male
Periorbital in location
Bilateral
Symptoms seen in early hours of the morning
2c
multi
Ans: C i.e. Bilateral Cluster headache Cluster headache shows a 5:1 predominance of males and onset is usually in the third decade The characteristic presentation of cluster headache is with periodic, severe, unilateral periorbital pain accompanied by unilateral lacrimation, nasal congestion and conjunctival injection,...
Medicine
null
fd6df8a1-a0fe-4ea3-aec1-e585238c121c
All are true about scleroderma crisis except?
Accelerated hypeension
Onion skinning of renal vessels
Anti - centromere antibody is a positive predictor of disease
ACE inhibitors reduced moality rate
2c
multi
Scleroderma crisis occurs in 12% of cases with systemic sclerosis. It is characterised by accelerated hypeension and a rapid decline in kidney function. Histopathological examination shows arcuate aery intimal narrowing and medial proliferation. This is characteristically called onion skinning. Anti-U3-RNP may identify...
Medicine
Scleroderma
b405c042-b5f3-4d69-b955-fd04f8be13c8
True about congenital adrenal hyperplasia is all except
Autosomal recessive disorder.
11 - β Hydroxylase deficiency is most common.
Commonest cause of genital ambiguity at birth.
Hypoglycemia is seen.
1b
multi
21 - Hydroxylase deficiency is most common.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
238a47a7-f936-4e00-bdd9-9f5ef7417b20
Which of the following prevents aspiration?
LMA
Oropharyngeal airway
Nasopharyngeal airway
Proseal LMA
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Proseal LMA [Ref: Understanding Paediatric Anaesthesia Td/e p. 141A type of definite airwayDefinite airway is an airway that is adequately secured in trachea and it adequately protect the airway from aspiration.ProSeal (PLMA), a modification of Classic LMA, has a gastric drainage tube placed lateral t...
Anaesthesia
null
6af12cdd-6fcf-4d34-afdf-4e286b953ba0
The following statements stand true for Mantoux test -
Test is read before 48 hours
6-9 mm induaion shows maximum chances of developing Tb
A positive test does not indicate that the person is suffering from disease
New cases are more likely occur in tuberculin negative person than those who already are tuberculin reactors
2c
multi
Test is read after 48 - 96 hours but 72 hours is ideal. Reactions exceeding 10 mm considered positive and between 6-9 considered doubtful. 92% of new cases occur in patients who are tuberculin reactors Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 195
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
eba9f63e-de59-4b71-8be0-fa972933f57b
The following drugs can be used for the management of status asthmaticus EXCEPT: September 2012
Magnesium sulphate
Montelukast
Coicosteroid
Adrenaline
1b
multi
Ans. B i.e. Montelukast
Medicine
null
c7e50fc6-2407-4a80-bd56-e5b0f46a326f
All are true about anthropometric measurements except:
Birth weight triples by 1 year
Skinfold thickness is measured in sub scapular region
Weight is measured to the nearest 100 gram
Standing height is about 1.7 cm less than recumbent length
3d
multi
d. Standing height is about 1.7cm less than recumbent length(Ref: Training Course on Child Growth Assessment WHO Child Growth Standards, 2008)If a child <2 years old, measure recumbent length.If>2 years age & able to stand, measure standing height.Standing height is about 0.7cm less than recumbent length.
Pediatrics
Growth, Development, and Behavior
38aeb252-051d-4bac-be7b-860924f94513
Mrs. Katson 64-year-old obese woman with bilateral knee osteoahritis. She describes pain most days and limiting pain at least 2 days per week. She has tried activity modification (walking less) without success. All of the following therapies have been shown to be efficacious EXCEPT:
Acetaminophen
Glucocoicoid steroid intra-aicular injections
Glucosamine-chondroitin
Total joint ahroplasty
2c
multi
1. Recent guidelines Does not recommend the use of glucosamine or chondroitin for OA. 2. Glucocoicoid injections are efficacious in OA, but response is variable. Glucocoicoid injections are useful to get patients over acute flares of pain and may be especially indicated if the patient has coexistent OA and crystal depo...
Medicine
Rheumatoid Ahritis
3ee175ef-557b-4287-a8a0-c6110be542b0
Following test is known as:
Finkelstein Test
Tinel test
Phalen's test
Cozens test
0a
single
Ans. A. Finkelstein testFinkelstein test is performed to make a diagnosis of Dequervain's disease, which is tenosynovitis of Abductor polices longus (APL) and extensor polices brevis (EPB), which make the first dorsal compartment of the wrist.
Orthopaedics
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
7ee769b6-b142-4757-921e-f7ef6fc9784b
A patient presented with multiple vesicles over the body with fish net like IgG deposition in the epidermis. Most likely diagnosis is –
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus folliaceous
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Bullous pemphigoid
0a
single
null
Dental
null
4e73766d-505e-4438-94d0-eb14cd93f5a9
Which of the following doesn't elevate larynx?
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Mylohyoid
None
0a
multi
The sternohyoid depresses the hyoid bone following its elevation during swallowing. The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone, helps in depressing the mandible against resistance, and elevates floor of mouth and hence the tongue during the first stage of deglutition. The thyrohyoid depresses the hyoid during swallow...
Anatomy
Head and neck
720e98a5-a254-483b-a705-c47040d14eb4
Non-visualisation of kidney in excretory urogram is seen in
Duplication
Renal vein thrombosis
Hydronephrosis
Hypoplasia
1b
single
B i.e. Renal vein thrombosis - Nonvisualization of kidney (or absence of nephrogram) occurs in complete renal ischemia secondary to occlusion of main renal aery, (global absence) or focal renal infarction/ischemia secondary to focal aerial occlusion or renal vein thrombosisQ or space occupying lesions (segmental absenc...
Radiology
null
a993e1b7-4bc9-46e6-9132-69e5a4113cd3
True about vaccum extraction of fetus : (A)Can be used in non dilated cervix (B)Can be used in incompletely dilated cervix (C)Used in Face presentation (D)Applied 3cm post, to Anterior fontanel (E)Applied 3cm ant. to posterior fontanel
AB
BE
CA
DB
1b
multi
The centre of the cup should be over the sagittal suture and about 3 cm in front of the posterior fontanel toward the face. Anterior placement on the fetal cranium-near the anterior fontanel rather than over the occiput-will result in cervical spine extension unless the fetus is small'- William's Obstetrics 23rd/523 V...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
7a8275bb-3536-40e7-9fb5-5144684a3f6f
Vidian neurectomy done in:
Allergic rhinitis
Vasomotor rhinitis
Atrophic rhinitis
Drug-induced rhinitis
1b
multi
ANSWER: (B) Vasomotor rhinitisREF: P L Dhingra 4th edition page 160, 1810%2806%2900013-3/abstractVidian neurectomy was first described for the treatment of intractable vasomotor rhinitisin the 1960s but fell into disrepute because of the recurrence of symptoms and significant complications. With subsequent improvements...
ENT
Rhinitis
09557f67-2898-4fa2-a172-a90ca2212bc7
Capnography is useful for –
Determining Vaporizer malfunction or contamination
Determining circuit hypoxia
Determining the appropriate placement of endotracheal tube
Detecting concentration of oxygen in the anesthetic circuit.
2c
single
Uses of Capnography It is the surest confirmatory sign of correct intubation in the trachea. Incorrect position of the tube in oesophagus instead of the trachea (oesophagal intubation) will yield ETCO2 = 0. Intraoperative displacement of endotracheal tube → ETCO2 will become zero. Obstruction or disconnections of endo...
Anaesthesia
null
b009a7d2-d412-499d-b9a4-83585e22deb1
All are true statements about plant irritants except:
Abrus ingestion resembles cobra snake bite.
Nux vomica contain strychnine.
Sui-picking involves abrus precatorius
Cholera like action is produced by ricinus communis
0a
multi
Abrus injection (sui needle) resembles viper snake bite. Ricinius communis produces diarrhea (cholera like action). Nux vomica contains strychnine, brucine and loganin.
Forensic Medicine
Toxicology - 3
17db0828-b126-41dd-a8d9-28802c614829
Caspases are involved in -
Apoptosis
Pinocytosis
Cell signaling
Cell injury
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Apoptosis o Caspases and endonuclease cause chromatin fragmentation in apoptosis,o They are inactive, so first they should be activated,o Cytochrome 'c' binds with Apaf-1 and this complex activates caspases.o Caspases cause fragmentation of chromatin and also activate endonuclease.About option 'b'o Th...
Pathology
Apoptosis
e872e5e1-527a-4d63-8a4b-0e6d22fb23c2
NOT true about LENS among the following is
Pre - equatorial are of lens capsule is the thickest part measuring 22-23 μm
Anterior epithelium is made up of single layer of Cuboidal Cells
Posterior epithelium in postnatal life is made up of Cuboidal epithelium
Relative dehydration in Cortex is due to action of Na+ – K+ ATPase pump
2c
multi
Lens has no posterior epithelium in postnatal life.
Ophthalmology
null
fda5f83f-cbfd-4020-a61f-e2719eb922a5
The sarcoma which has equal propensity for maxilla and mandible is:
Fibrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
3d
single
Chondrosarcomas are unusual in the facial bones, accounting for about 10% of all cases. They occur in the mandible and maxilla with equal frequency. Maxillary lesions typically occur in the anterior region in areas where cartilaginous tissues may be present in the maxilla. Mandibular lesions occur in the coronoid proce...
Radiology
null
80b49e30-929a-45d8-947b-451cac17bedd
Cholinomimetics are useful in all of the following conditions except:
Glaucoma
Myasthenia gravis
Post operative atony of bladder
Partial heart block
3d
multi
Ans. (D) Partial heart block(Ref: KDT 8th/e p119/122)Cholinergic drugs decrease the conduction from atrium to ventricle, thus should be avoided in partial heart blockCholinergic drugs like pilocarpine and physostigmine are used in angle closure glaucomaNeostigmine (acetylcholineesterase inhibitor, a cholinergic drug) i...
Pharmacology
A.N.S.
e0c1f8f3-b0be-46e6-9e59-33baff786eff
A patient has prosthetic valve replacement and he develops endocarditis 8 months later. Organism responsible is -
Staph. aureus
Strept. viridans
Staph. epidermidis
HACEK
2c
single
Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis upto 12 months is coagulase-negative staphylococci (staph. epidermidis).
Microbiology
null
024a9c2b-977a-4a99-9d93-f2b21a3a474b
A community in sub-African area has a weekly repo of 50-60 malarial cases, all in children. No adult case has been repoed. This week count of cases is 55. What kind of disease it would be classified as?
Epidemic
HoloEndemic
Hyperendemic
Outbreak
1b
multi
The above given case is an example of endemic disease as the no. of cases are still between the usually expected cases in an area and as only children are affected it is a holoendemic disease. Hyperendemic disease Refers to endemic disease affecting all age groups. It would have been labelled as epidemic if the no. of ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Time Distribution, Epidemics
22444b87-d3db-44c2-a731-845c674e2d2a
A 67-year-old male is found on rectal examination to have a single, hard, irregular nodule within his prostate. A biopsy of this lesion reveals the presence of small glands lined by a single layer of cells with enlarged, prominent nucleoli. From what poion of the prostate did this lesion most likely originate?
Anterior zone
Central zone
Peripheral zone
Transition zone
2c
multi
Knowledge of the anatomic division of the prostate is impoant in understanding the locations of the major pathologic diseases of the prostate. Most adenocarcinomas of the prostate originate in the peripheral zone, while hyperplastic nodules originate in the transition zone. This anatomic differentiation is the result o...
Pathology
miscellaneous
2bed5633-0fab-45dd-a8fe-2ab6245ccd38
Enzymes concerned with the citric acid cycle are found in the:
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nonparticulate cytoplasm
2c
single
null
Biochemistry
null
d024d905-ba6b-4c09-b53a-a8808ba1f2d8
What is true regarding congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis
More common in girls
Hypochloremic alkalosis
Hellers myotomy is the procedure of choice
Most often manifests at bih
1b
multi
Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis is more common in first born males.Symptoms usually sta after 3 weeks of age.Non-bilious vomiting is the initial symptom. After vomiting, the infant becomes hungry and wants to feed again.The metabolic disturbance is hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis.Clinical diagnosis is by palpa...
Medicine
All India exam
800b8fa4-83ba-412c-9c43-050f17da13cd
Most common symptom seen in pulmonary tuberculosis is
Chest pain
Breathlessness
High temperature
Chronic Cough
3d
single
(D) Chronic Cough # Constitutional symptoms associated with Pulmonary tuberculsosi include Chronic productive cough for atleast 2 or 3 weeks Low grade evening raise of temperature Loss of apetite Significant weight loss Night cries in bone and joint tuberculosis
Medicine
Miscellaneous
1bb94866-07c1-4b49-9a8a-0cf7326df65e
The most common cause of renal scarring in a 3 year old child is:
Trauma
Trauma
Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis.
Interstitial nephritis
2c
single
Answer is C (Vesicouretrial reflux induced pyelonephritis): Renal scarring is most commonly a result of chronic pyogenic infection of the kidney or chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis occurs only in patients with major anatomic abnormalities, such as obstructive uropathy, struvite calculi, or, most commonly,...
Medicine
null
b157af8a-a205-4895-88f7-6055f03b5b10
Glucose is reabsorbed in which pa ?
Early PCT
Henle loop
Collecting duct
Distal convoluted tubule
0a
single
option a - 100% Glucose is reabsorbed from PCT by secondary active transpo, with the help of SGLT (Sodium Dependent Glucose Transpoer).
Biochemistry
Glucose Transpo
52c57139-6208-4e15-acc0-a5abd57237d2
Wide-split second hea sound is seen in -
ASD
LBBB
PDA
MR
0a
single
The second hea sound is widelysplit and is relatively fixed in relation to respiration. A mid-diastolicrumbling murmur, loudest at the fouh intercostal space and alongthe left sternal border, reflects increased flow across the tricuspidvalve. In ostium primum ASD, an apical holosystolic murmur indicatesassociated mitra...
Medicine
C.V.S
c25d3d06-97da-4e49-b474-dd15b916bcb9
Fetal lung maturity is assessed by all of the following except: September 2007
Lecithin:sphingomyelinn ratio
Foam stability index
Maternal alpha feto-protein level
Amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine level
2c
multi
Ans. C: Maternal alpha feto-protein level The two earliest tests that were introduced in the 1970's to assess fetal lung maturity were: The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio Detection of phosphatidylyglycerol Originally, both of these tests were performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), a technique that required c...
Pediatrics
null
fcd25cfd-28f2-4d4d-acc4-b3313dda7adc
Health promotion is which level of prevention
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
1b
single
Primary Level - Health Promotion and Specific Protection. Secondary Level - Early Diagnosis and Treatment. Tertiary Level - Disability Limitation and Rehabilitation.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
8d8c9639-f89f-4f79-ad16-48851d0a1e2c
Miller's acidogenic theory of caries is also known as:
Proteolytic theory.
Chemioparasitic theory.
Proteolytic chelation theory.
None of the above.
1b
multi
null
Pathology
null
bc5fb7e2-c5d7-4ed2-ae58-8c69a83394db
Sensory nerve supply of larynx below the level of vocal cord is
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Inferior pharyngeal nerve
2c
single
NERVE SUPPLY OF LARYNX Motor:- All the muscles which move the vocal cord (abductors, adductors or tensors) are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except the cricothyroid muscle. The latter receives its innervation from the external laryngeal nerve-- a branch of superior laryngeal nerve. Sensory:- Above the vocal...
ENT
Larynx
a7478b5a-2972-4e03-97c3-dfe4d5eeabe8
Narrowing of periodontal ligament in labially placed mandibular canine with age is due to:
Due to deposition of cementum and bone
Down growths of gingival epithelium
Gingival cysts formed from cell rests
Reversal of function of horizontal and oblique fibres
0a
multi
null
Dental
null
1f4c75b3-46a3-4b9f-a3ad-6ae61985fca1
The following antiarrhythmic drug has the most prominent anticholinergic action
Quinidine
Lignocaine
Disopyramide
Procainamide
2c
single
Disopyramide It is a quinidine like Class IA drug that has prominent cardiac depressant and anticholinergic actions, but no a adrenergic blocking propey. Disopyramide usually has no effect on sinus rate because of opposing direct depressant and antivagal actions. Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-530
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
17eb85b1-2fe6-47d3-b6fe-e53aa19d2c03
Most potent mineralocoicoid is
Aldosterone
DOCA
Fludrocoeisone
Triamcinolone
0a
single
Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocoicoid. Not used clinically because of the low oral bioavailability. most potent synthetic or man made is- fludrocoisone- having more mineralocoicoid activity (REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, Page No - 282)
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
e975d179-37c5-454f-add0-dc3809875a66
Which of the following is the most abundant diet of animal origin?
Phospholipids
Cholesterol esters
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
3d
single
The triacylglycerols are esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerol and fatty acids and are available abundantly in animal diet Ref: Harper's Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 21; Lipids of Physiologic Significance
Physiology
General physiology
d4cd674c-3a81-41e3-9103-38105e6ea463
ulimia nervosa is assosiated with
impulsive behaviour
obesity
metabolic syndrome
amnorrhera
0a
single
Bulimia nervosa * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Binge eating at least once a week for 3 months * Uses laxatives, diuretics, self-induced vomiting * Association= * Impulsive behaviors * increased interest in se...
Anatomy
Sleep disorders and eating disorders
db175a52-bf16-40b7-8cbc-882eb2cd34ac
Ram Devi presented with generalized edema sweatingand flushing tachycardia and fever after bee sting. Thisis:
T cell mediated cytotoxicity
IgE mediated reaction
IgG mediated reaction
IgA mediated hypersensitivity reaction
1b
single
. IgE mediated reaction
Pathology
null
18b19b47-81c9-4265-9988-17601c622589
A 3-year-old child reports with fever. He has reddish yellow ulcers of the facial mucosa and tongue. He is most probably suffering from:
Erosive lichen planus
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
ANUG
Leukemia
1b
single
null
Dental
null
765080b5-7009-49db-a737-e6ebdfb7f3fe
Patient present with severe energy deficiency. Which of the following vitamin might be deficient in this patient?
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Thiamin
Folic acid
2c
single
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate, which plays a key role in energy metabolism of most cells, is paicularly impoant in tissues of the nervous system. In thiamine deficiency, the activity of these two dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions is decreased, resulting in a decreased production of ATP a...
Biochemistry
vitamins
67fbcfe1-c082-455f-89b6-582f8a4a4689
Raynaud's phenomenon is seen in
SLE
Rheumatic fever
Hypeension
Diabetes mellitus
0a
single
Raynaud phenomenon results from exaggerated vasoconstrictionof aeries and aerioles in the extremities, paicularlythe fingers and toes, but also sometimes the nose,earlobes, or lips. The restricted blood flow induces paroxysmalpallor or cyanosis; involved digits characteristicallyshow "red-white-and-blue" color changes ...
Pathology
Cardiovascular system
2e273458-1012-42c6-bba7-d80fe1739536
Which of the following is a ground substance of pulp
Glycosaminoglycans
Chondroitin sulfate
Proteoglycans
All of the above
3d
multi
null
Dental
null
26423e53-60bb-42f4-af75-a212fe24f194
Primary impact injury to brain: DNB 10
Concussion
Cerebral edema
Hypoxic injury
Intracerebral hematoma
0a
single
Ans. Concussion
Forensic Medicine
null
4e78b4e0-be08-4ff1-998a-0b8d1b2f53cc
A 55-year old woman was found to have Ca cervix, FIGO stage 2-3, locally advanced. What would be the management
Surgery plus chemotherapy
Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy plus HPV vaccine
1b
multi
Ans. b. Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy Radiotherapy was cornerstone of advanced stage CA cervix management. Current evidence indicates that "concurrent chemotherapy" significantly improves overall and disease free survival of women with advanced cervical cancer. Thus most patients with Stage JIB to IVA are best treated...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
4a15aae9-d4aa-489e-a18c-cffac573a254
An appendicular fistula is least likely to heal if ?
The stump was sutured with vicryl
There is stenosis/narrowing of the sigmoid colon
Superadded infection
None
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., There is stenosis/narrowing of the sigmoid colon
Surgery
null
a4148ac9-580f-404e-9e1f-4dd30608a981
All of the following are causes of acalculous cholecystitis except:
Bile duct stricture
Schistosoma
Prolonged TPN
Major operations
1b
multi
Causes of Acalculous Cholecystitis Elderly and critically ill patients after trauma Burns Longterm TPN Major operation (abdominal aneurysm repair and cardiopulmonary bypassQ) Diabetes mellitus
Surgery
Gallbladder
172d8173-1ef2-4fa3-88e1-88e0279f998b
Fibroid causes all the following Except
Infeility
Amenorrhea
Pelvic mass
Menorrhagia
1b
multi
Symptoms of fibroid are:Menorrhagia, polymenorrhea and metrorrhagia Infeility, recurrent aboionsPainAbdominal lumpPressure symptomsVaginal dischargeAround 50% women are asymptomatic.Ref: Shaw&;s Textbook of Gynaecology; Chapter 29; Benign diseases of the uterus
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Uterine fibroid
b211aaa8-5eb5-4d7f-b651-eedba204c3cc
Which of the following is not a diarthrosis -
Elbow joint
Interphalangeal joint
Skull sutures
Hip joint
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Skull sutures Functional classification of joints (movement)o Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow:Synarthrosis - Permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (e.g., skull sutures).Amphiarthrosis - Permits slig...
Orthopaedics
Anatomy of Bone & Fracture Healing
842a4baa-e6e3-4929-9aa3-a416a4e06e6d
Cryptomenorrhea occurs due to :
Imperforate hymen
Asherman's syndrome
Mullerian agenesis
All
0a
multi
Imperforate hymen
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
43d83090-8b2b-4f56-81e2-e2f22c19904b
A 53-year-old man develops weakness, malaise, cough with bloody sputum and night sweats. A chest X-ray reveals numerous apical densities bilaterally, some of which are cavitary. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was documented 20 years ago, and M. tuberculosis is identified in his sputum. Which of the following de...
Dense fibrosis
Eosinophilic infiltration
Granulomas
Plasma cell infiltration
2c
multi
Secondary (reactivation) tuberculosis occurs due to: Reactivation Fresh infection Secondary TB: characterized by the formation of granulomas and extensive tissue destruction (caseous necrosis). Mycobacteria typically spread to the apices of the lungs and produce large cavities, which are associated with hemoptysis. Api...
Pathology
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Lung Abscess
ae5665ad-f852-4797-82ed-a43d2cc87561
An infant presented with failure to thrive, stridor, otitis media and esophagitis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Duodenal atresia
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3d
single
GERD In infants presents with esophagitis, failure to thrive, obstructive apnea, stridor, otitis media, sinustis.
Pediatrics
null
aede1d22-b740-45ac-88ff-d5fb3dbc7f0e
Anatomical snuff box contains:
Axillary nerve
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Ulnar artery
1b
single
Ans. B Radial arteryRef: BDC, 6th ed. vol. I pg. 22, 5th ed. pg. 102* The anatomical snuffbox is formed by the tendons of extensor polloicis longus and brevis, and abductor pollicis longus.* It has the radial artery running in the floor of the snuffbox, and the radial nerve passing to the dorsum of the hand.* Boundarie...
Anatomy
Hand
fca1281f-4904-4d2a-95e1-a8cb4cc9ff19
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli causes:
Haemolytic uremic syndrome
Ischemic jejunitis
Toxic shock syndrome
Travellers diarrhea
3d
single
Option 1 HUS By EHEC or Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Dissemination of toxin- Verocytotoxin or Shiga toxin to glomerular capillaries. Option 2 Ischemic jejunitis: Not caused by any pathogen. Due to local or systemic pathlogy Option 3 Toxic shock syndrome By Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Due to toxins ...
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli)
bed15e65-59f9-425f-abd7-d51fc3d0ce82
All the following statements about purification of water are true except
Coliforms must not be detectable in any 100 ml sample of drinking water
Presence of clostridial spores indicate recent contamination
Sodium thiosulphate is used to neutralize chlorine
Coliforms may be detected by multiple tube method and indole production at 44 degrees
1b
multi
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
82bb9d20-9f22-4d49-8389-51092bbb18a4
CSF is partly absorbed by lymphatics around cranial nerves -
I, II, VII, VIII
I, II, VI, VII
I, III, VII, VIII
I, II, VI, VIII
0a
single
CSF is absorbed through 3 ways: Arachnoid villi and granulations (main) Perineural lymphatics around 1st, 2nd, and 8th cranial nerves and Veins related to spinal nerves.
Anatomy
null
070688df-853c-4640-9faa-3728ff3e47f1
Infectious mononucleosis, a viral disorder that can be debilitating, is characterized by which of the following statements?
It is most prevalent in children less than 14 years old
It is caused by a rhabdovirus
The causative pathogen is an Epstein-Barr virus
Affected persons respond to treatment with the production of heterophil antibodies
2c
multi
All of Koch's postulates have been verified for the relationship between infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus. However, the relationship between this virus and Burkitt's lymphoma, sarcoid, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is less clear. Infectious mononucleosis is most common in young ad...
Microbiology
Virology
98ae17ac-5d68-4e3c-af81-1832a00280a0
Level of prolactin, above which is said to be hyperprolactinemia
50
100
150
200
3d
multi
Ref. The Short Textbook of Pediatrics. Pg 754 A fact based question. Answer 200
Unknown
null
58fe4bee-8a6a-40ba-aac7-fcc4f798000d
Section 174 Cr.P.C. deals with
Inquest
Inquiry
Murder
Medical negligence
0a
single
Ans. a (Inquest). (Ref. Parikh, Textbook of FMT, 5th/5)INQUEST (legal or judicial inquiry to ascertain matter of fact). : Section 174 Cr.P.C. -# When a person dies it is necessary to determine the cause of death either natural or unnatural to meet with the requirement of law.# In forensic, an inquest generally means an...
Forensic Medicine
Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn