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8e1e6e00-795c-4ae9-895e-46b5b5901d63 | Dangerous area of the eye is | Retina | Sclera | Ciliary body | Optic nerve | 2c | single | Any trauma to the ciliary body can cause sympathetic ophthalmitis ; hence it is considered the dengerous area of the eye | Ophthalmology | Trauma |
5215c0e9-a187-43d0-9e44-fa0df712fcc5 | Renshaw cells are inhibitory interneurons found in: | Gray matter of brain | White matter of brain | Gray matter of the spinal cord | White matter of spinal cord | 2c | single | Renshaw cells are inhibitory interneurons found in the gray matter of the spinal cord. They receive axonal collaterals from nearby motor neurons; it inhibits the activity of the same or related adjacent motor neurons. This recurrent inhibition by the Renshaw cell facilitates and sharpens the activity of the projecting ... | Physiology | null |
c0bba3c9-6080-4f01-bfe0-ed2c12dac76a | Coronary ligaments of the knee joint connect ? | Menisci to tibia | Menisci to femur | Lateral meniscus to capsule | Anterior horns of both menisci | 0a | multi | CORONARY LIGAMENT * Fibrous Capsule is attached to periphery of Menisci. * Connects the periphery of the menisci to the tibia * They are the poion of the capsule that is stressed in rotary movements of the knee ref : maheswari 9th ed | Orthopaedics | Forearm wrist and hand injuries |
d0fd8328-8d07-447e-9e8b-d7ef0cc190e5 | A 55-year-old obese woman complains of declining visual acuity. Funduscopic examination shows peripheral retinal microaneurysms. Urinalysis reveals 3+ proteinuria and 3+ glucosuria. Serum albumin is 3 g/dL, and serum cholesterol is 350 mg/dL. These clinicopathologic findings are best explained by which of the following... | Peripheral insulin resistance | Increased peripheral insulin uptake | Irregular insulin secretion | none of the above | 0a | multi | - Given clinical features point towards nephropathy & retinopathy resulted as complication of type-2 DM - Type-2 diabetes mellitus results from complex interplay b/w Underlying insulin resistance in its metabolic target tissues (liver, skeletal muscle & adipose tissue) & Reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretio... | Pathology | Diabetes |
b4d3ffb7-e255-42f9-a6e8-42e0e16b4625 | Thalidomide is useful in: March 2007 | Treatment of leprosy | Treatment of type II lepra reaction | Treatment of type I lepra reaction | Treatment of neuritic leprosy | 1b | single | Ans. B: Treatment of type II lepra reaction Thalidomide is a sedative-hypnotic, and multiple myeloma medication. The drug is a potent teratogen. Thalidomide was chiefly sold during the late 1950s and early 1960s to pregnant women, as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness. Children were born with severe malformities,... | Pharmacology | null |
95d73339-35aa-4e4c-aa0f-d794980d0487 | Transitional cell carcinoma bladder caused by | Schistosomiasis | Ascariasis | Malaria | None | 0a | multi | Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder -
1. Smoking → Major etiological factor.
2. Occupational exposure to chemicals → Nephthylamine benzidine, aniline dyes, acrolein.
3. Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharziasis) → It is a risk factor for both TCC & SCC.
4. Drugs → Phenacetin
5. Cyclophosphami... | Pathology | null |
a64fb4eb-33a7-4c4b-8cf2-0b33b24855da | Krogmans table system is used for ? | Age determination | Sex determination | Dental examination | Calculating estimated height | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sex determination Krogman's table is used to determine the percentage of accuracy in sex determination from isolated skeletal pas.According to Krogman, the degree of accuracy in sexing adult skeletal remains is :-Entire skeleton - 100 %Pelvis alone 95 % | Forensic Medicine | null |
e1820e13-9867-47cc-b460-38512a9aee76 | When gold fused with porcelain is fired at very high temperature, greenish discoloration of cervical margin is due to: | High firing temperature | Disintegration of opaque layer | Presence of silver | Formation of excess oxides | 2c | single | Discoloration of the porcelain near the cervical region of the metal-ceramic prosthesis has been reported to occur when a silver-containing alloy is used as the substrate. Color changes included green, yellow-green, yellow-orange, orange and brown hues. This discoloration phenomenon has generally been called “greening... | Dental | null |
72e1ea09-ebfa-4edc-b229-84793671050f | Which glaucoma is associated with cataract | Phacomorphic glaucoma | Neovascular glaucoma | Phacoanaphylactic glaucoma | Buphthalmos | 0a | single | Answer- A. Phacomorphic glaucomaPhocomorphic glaucoma :- It occurs in intumescent stage of cataract. The swollen lens leads to relative pupillary block (pupillary block glaucoma), iris bombe and angle closure. It is a type of angle closure glaucoma and anterior chamber is very shallow. | Ophthalmology | null |
c984f959-1138-41b5-b9a3-2343cf79f377 | Sideroblastic anemia is caused by all except ? | Collegen vascular disease | Iron deficit | Lead poisoning | Cutaneous porphyria | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Iron deficit Causes of sideroblastic anemia Hereditary o X-linked recessive sideroblastic anemia. Acquired Hematological Drugs & chemicals Others Myelofibrosis INH RA Myelodysplasia Penicillamine Myxedema Acute leukemia Lead SLE Lymphoma Alcohol Iron overload Myeloma Pyridoxin dificiency Porphyria Pol... | Pathology | null |
5ba96faa-ab71-4f2c-bf37-cb3bc6dd890a | Treatment of diabetic retinopathy neovascularisation is/are - | Retinal laser photocoagulation | Pars plana vitrectomy | Phacoemulsion | LASIK | 0a | single | Retinal laser photocoagulation is the ideal treatment for treating diabetic Retinopathy neovascularization. Ref AK khurana 6/e p 282 | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
d44971d3-d692-41ba-96f5-ece5966fc710 | Noninfective cause of genital ulcer is - | Behcets disease | Hansen's disease | Ramsons's disease | Syphilis | 0a | single | Bechet's disease is characterized by a triad of recurrent oral ulcers (aphthous ulcers), recurrent genital ulcers and uveitis.
Important non-infective causes of genital ulcer are Trauma, Bechet's disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and carcinoma. | Dental | null |
50ce5733-98c6-4404-8dc5-a8488a0bb819 | 45-year-old female has history of slip in bathroom complaints of pain right hip, tenderness in scarpas triangle and normal X-ray. Next investigation is: | USG guided aspiration | CT | MRI | Bone scan | 2c | single | (c)This case refers to post-traumatic pain in proximal femur, scarpas triangle refers to area of femoral neck and for stress or occult fracture of neck femur where traumatic marrow edema is seen - MRI is investigation of choice. | Orthopaedics | Miscellaneous |
3f9d4916-e88e-4898-b34f-736f3dbe7e57 | A 9 years old child presented to OPD with complaints of high grade fever, vomiting, one episode of seizure. CSF examination was done and Gram staining of the culture showed the following finding. What is the probable causative agent | Haemophilus influenzae | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Neisseria meningitidis | Escherichia coli | 1b | single | * Gram staining clearly shows Gram positive cocci (violet/purple coloured) in pairs - classical image of Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococci. Infections caused by Pneumococcus: - * Pneumonia * Meningitis * Otitis media * Bacteremia * Septic ahritis * It is the most impoant cause of infections in splenectomy patient... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
e5afdbc9-c31c-46be-a1c9-6f396bbfd50c | CVEK pulpotomy is not known by the name: | Partial pulpotomy. | Cervical pulpotomy. | Pulp curettage. | None | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
d8e7b8fb-6bbe-410e-9ce5-0865456f5f6b | Most common site of glioblastoma multiforme is- | CP angle | Frontal lobe | Brainstem | Occipital lobe | 1b | single | Ans. 'b' i.e., Frontal lobe A glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of brain tumour called an astrocytoma. Astrocytomas are some of the most common brain tumours. They develop from the highly vascular and quickly reproducing astrocyte cells in our brain and are often malignant. | Pathology | CNS Tumors |
cbf6f5fa-0ea7-4541-8ae2-9ef6edbbc3ca | Pataus syndrome due to - | Trisomy 21 | Trisomy 18 | 18 P | Trisomy 13 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Trisomy 13 Trisomv 13 (Patau's syndrome)Head & FaceChestExtremitieso Scalp defects (cutis aplasia )o Congenital heart diseaseo Overlapping of finger &o Microphthalmia, comeal(VSD, PDA, ASD in 80%)toes (Clinodactyly, polydactyly)abnormalitieso Thin posterior ribs (missingo Hypoplastic & hyperconvexo Cl... | Pathology | Mendelian Disorders: Single-Gene Defects |
04c8b466-4b33-47c4-b1ea-669ae84d1f1b | "Opioids" differ from "opiates" in that they are: | More powerful in action | More long acting | Synthetic derivatives | Derived directly from opium | 2c | single | Opiods are synthetics while opiates are semi synthetic. Opiods include pethidine,fentanyl,methadone,dextropropoxyphene,tramadol. Semisynthetic opiates include heroin ,pholcodine,ethylmorphine . Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
34984002-d5ba-43ac-810d-7067cc12fce0 | Beta HCG is secreted by | Ovary | Pituitary | Corpus luteum | Placenta | 3d | single | In molecular biology, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the syncytiotrophoblast, a component of the feilized egg, after conception. Following implantation, the syncytiotrophoblast gives rise to the placenta.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no:-414 | Physiology | Endocrinology |
9294dd10-66b0-499a-8c5c-b1aa175dc434 | An eight year old boy presents with back pain and mild fever. His plain X-ray of the dorsolumbar spine reveals a solitary collapsed dorsal vertebra with preserved disc spaces. There was no associated soft tissue shadow. The most likely diagnosis is - | Ewing's sarcoma | Tuberculosis | Histiocytosis | Metastasis | 2c | single | Solitary collapsed vertebra (vertebra plana) with preserved disc spaces in a child suggests the diagnosis of Eosinophilic granuloma (a type of Histiocytosis). | Radiology | null |
b42ade47-c019-49f0-bc47-12f174b12cc9 | Persistent marrow aplasia is caused by which hepatitis virus: September 2006 | HAV | HBV | HCV | None of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D: None of the abovePersistent marrow aplasia appear after a variety of viral infections, most commonly viral hepatitis of the non-A, non-B, non-C, non-G type, which is associated with 5% to 10% of cases. | Pathology | null |
fc6ccef4-7f57-4688-a1c8-6ec6d991c176 | True regarding secular trends- | Changes in disease pattern in terms of months | Changes in disease pattern seasonally | Changes in disease pattern over a sho period of timer | Changes in disease pattern over a long period of time | 3d | multi | .long term or secular trends implies changes in the occurrence of disease over a long period of time.generally several years or decades.a secular trend implies a consistent tendency to change in a paicular direction or a definitive movement in one direction. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 63 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
c7a05329-8bbd-4a18-92ad-e1bd5d7493f0 | Alagille syndrome is | Bile duct paucity | IHBR dilation | PBC | PSC | 0a | single | Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting liver,hea,kidney,etc.Liver biopsy in Alagille syndrome shows too few bile ducts(bile duct paucity) or in some cases,the complete absence of bile ducts(biliary atresia).Bile duct paucity results in reduced absorption of fat & vitamins(A,D,E,K) which m... | Surgery | G.I.T |
fc3110ba-dbf1-4a4b-beaa-9abad5cb3a03 | Griesofulvin is not useful in one of the following | Tinea capitis | Tinea Cruris | Tinea versicolor | Tinea pedis | 2c | single | Refer CMDT 2010/110 *griesofulvin is used for dermatophytoses including Tinea capitis, Tinea cruris, Tinea pedis, Tinea ungunum and Tinea corporis *Tinea versicolor is caused by yeast Malassezia furfur .it is treated by selenium sulfide AMD ketaconazole shampoo | Anatomy | General anatomy |
e98e19f6-b6bc-4ffe-a651-abd151a2438c | Human is dead end host for? | Malaria | Typhoid | Bubonic plague | Filaria | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bubonic plague A dead end host is an infected person from which infectious agents are not transmitted to other susceptible host or from which a parasite cannot escape to continue its life cycle. The diseases in which human acts as dead end host, i.e., dead and disease : ? Japanies encephalitis Trichin... | Microbiology | null |
18c74b15-2428-44b9-9780-ddb73c772d1e | Mucin secreting Goblet cells are present in all of the following structures, EXCEPT: | Small intestine | Large intestine | Esophagus | Stomach | 3d | multi | The classic example of a unicellular, exocrine gland is the goblet cell, found scattered among epithelial cells lining the trachea, small intestine, and colon. The cell has a narrow base and an expanded apex filled with secretory granules. These cells secrete mucin. Goblet cells are not found in the normal stomach, so ... | Anatomy | null |
0b206a1d-b712-4b19-9e5c-c54b8565e671 | Which of the following is the causative agent of a variety of cutaneous warts (plantar, common, and flat) and is associated with cervical neoplasia? | Human papillomavirus | West Nile virus | Tick-borne encephalitis virus | Polyomavirus | 0a | single | Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cutaneous warts as well as proliferative squamous lesions of mucosal surfaces. Although most infections by human papillomavirus are benign, some undergo malignant transformation into in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Both HPV and polyomavirus have ico... | Microbiology | Virology |
7455b458-75ee-46de-8d81-296d073f9ffc | Most commonly injured tarsal bone- | Talus | Navicular | Cunieform | Calcaneum | 3d | single | *Calcaneum is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone. ref : maheswari 9th ed | Orthopaedics | Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries |
a0af329b-4fee-4d27-8e6f-ed89064ac2e5 | Who is the Father of Public Health? | Cholera | John snow | Edward Jenner | Louis Pasteur | 0a | single | Father of Modern medicine - Hippocrates Father of Indian medicine - Charaka Father of Modern surgery - Ambroise pare Father of Indian surgery - Sushruta Father of Epidemiology/ Modern Epidemiology - John Snow Father of Bacteriology - Louis Pasteur Father of Genetics - Mendel Father of Public Health - Cholera Father of ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Disease Causation, Measurements, Milestones |
4cf38f7e-d6d9-4729-a2d8-37c63a5b6576 | Which of the following HLA types is associated with IDDM? | HLA DR3, DR4 | HLA B27 | HLA B47 | HLA DR2 | 0a | single | Major susceptibility gene for Type 1 DM is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6. 95% of patients with IDDM express HLA DR3 or DR4. Concordance rate of Type 1 DM in identical twins ranges between 40- 60%. Type 2 DM has a strong genetic component. The concordance of type 2 DM in identical twins is between 70 and 90%... | Medicine | null |
1ddc270d-5c02-4077-8fb1-b284e9e94df3 | Nernst potential of Na+ is | 94 | 61 | -64 | -94 | 1b | single | Equilibrium potential of ions is calculated by NERNST EQUATION. For Na, it is +60 mV to +55mV approximately (REF: GANONG'S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY -23rd EDITION. Page No-7) | Physiology | General physiology |
fb4ab748-707e-467e-b484-b1795052fa78 | Nelson syndrome is associated with: | BRCA2 mutation | Prophylactic craniospinal irradiation | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Bilateral adrenalectomy | 3d | single | Nelson syndrome refers to development of ACTH secreting pituitary macroadenoma after therapeutic bilateral adrenalectomy. | Surgery | null |
8ddffe15-d231-4180-af63-fc24363b7ba4 | Which of the following group of enzymes act by mediating transfer of one molecule to another? | Lyases | Oxidases | Peptidases | Transferases | 3d | single | Transferases catalyze the transfer of groups such as methyl or glycosyl groups from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule e.g., hexokinase. Ref: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th Edition, Pages 49-50; Textbook of Biochemistry By D M Vasudevan, 3rd Edition, Page 31 | Biochemistry | null |
1d0d3b27-aafa-4d73-83ab-5e93a999a7bb | The three germ cell layers in embryo separate by the process of? | Ovulation | Neurilation | Gastrulation | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Gastrulation.(Ref: Langman's Medical Embryology 9th/pg. 65).Longman's Medical Embryology 9th/pg. 65.........."The most characteristic event occurring during the third week of gestation is gastrulation, the process that establishes all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the embryo. Gastrulat... | Anatomy | Fertilization and Development of Embryo |
48a5ef44-59e7-4d30-a9c5-3f15da5236d6 | Id, ego, superego are terms coined by ? | Sigmand Freud | Bleuler | Moral | Kraepelin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sigmoid freud IMPOANT CONTRIBUTORS IN PSYCHIATRY Term Demence precoce Coined by Dementia precox Catatonia, cyclotymia Hebephrenia Schizophrenia Ambivalence Free association Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics Id, ego, Superego Psychiatry Moral Emil Kraepelin Kahlbaum Hecker Eugen Bleuler Eugen Bleuler Sigm... | Psychiatry | null |
7dfb2ea5-57b2-4a94-9ef6-be3853d0c16e | According to Kim's classification of microsurgical cases, which class represents a tooth with an apical lesion and complete denudation of the buccal plate but no mobility: | Class C | Class D | Class E | Class F | 3d | single | Kim's classification of microsurgical cases
Class A: Represents a tooth with no periradicular lesion, no mobility, and normal pocket depth. The clinical symptoms have not resolved, though non-surgical options have been exhausted. Clinical symptoms are the only reason for the surgery.
Class B: Represents a tooth with p... | Dental | null |
285cb867-45cf-4422-b3df-6e4ddbca335b | Bitemporal hemianopic field defect is charactersitic of - | Glaucoma | Optic neuritis | Pituitary tumour | Retinal detachment | 2c | single | Sagittal (central) lesions of the chiasma. These are characterised by bitemporal hemianopia and bitemporal hemianopic paralysis of pupillary reflexes. These usually lead to paial descending optic atrophy. Common causes of central chiasmal lesion are: suprasellar aneurysms, tumours of pituitary gland, craniopharyngioma,... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-ophthalmology |
7d361a80-269c-4cfd-a56f-fa3f924642aa | 'Dropped shoulder' occurs due to paralysis of - | Deltoid | Teres major | Trapezius | Serratus anterior | 2c | single | Dropped shoulder occurs due to paralysis of Trapezius. | Anatomy | null |
d8a1a0b3-84f0-4e15-8a7b-bc2a8a43c540 | Cullen's sign is seen in | Acute cholecystitis | Acute pancreatitis | Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis | Blunt injury abdomen | 2c | single | Signs indicative of retroperitoneal bleeding in severe pancreatitis Flank ecchymosis - Grey Turner sign Periumbilical ecchymosis- Cullen's sign Inguinal ecchymosis - Fox sign Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1527 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
f88da465-cb31-4d43-9dcf-da19b9481d2a | A young lady lost her job, loss of appetite wakes up at 3 am. What's the diagnosis | Depression | Schizophrenia | OCD | Mania | 0a | single | In this question, the details are inadequate, however among the given options the best answer is A, depression | Psychiatry | Mood disorders |
9d6d23c3-6105-4166-b071-4258be776ea9 | Second primary malignancy of head and neck is commonly associated with which of the following | Oral cavity | Hypopharynx | Larynx | Paranasal sinuses | 0a | single | Ans. a. Oral cavity Second primary malignancy of head and neck is commonly associated with oral cavity. "The site of index cancer influences the most likely site of a second primary malignancy, as an example, in a series of 1257 patients with SCC of the head and neck, patients with an index malignancy arising in the la... | Surgery | null |
06812b3f-9599-4370-bb1a-a8a3f33285d2 | Treatment of choice in a perimenopausal woman with bleeding PV due to multiple fibroids Is : | TAH with BSO | TAH | Vaginal hystrectomy | Enucleation of fibroids | 1b | single | TAH | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2a21046d-f34b-4a5e-9c12-ed0cc8f09dcb | Transmigration of WBC across the endothelium is called | Margination | Rolling | Pavementing | Diapedesis | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Diapedesis(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 76-77)Migration of the leukocytes through the endothelium, is called transmigration or diapedesis.It is mediated by PECAM-1 | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair |
6deb17ee-9cf3-4031-b770-e815d5ea74af | All can be used for systemic fungal infections except : | Ketoconazole | Fluconazole | Amphotericin B | Griseofulvin | 3d | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
dc196982-0cee-4434-a4a0-ea8a446ef857 | In Down's syndrome - | Gap (sandle gap) | Cliodactyly | Hypotonia | All | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
84f3ce25-166e-4049-9b64-a08cb210cabb | The EEG cabins should be completely shielded by a continuous sheet of wire mesh of copper to avoid the picking of noise from external electromagnetic distrubances. Such a shielding is called as - | Maxwell cage | Edison's cage | Faraday cage | Ohm's cage | 2c | multi | null | Radiology | null |
c3d36333-77f0-4606-a63b-6170b34c5cdd | A 12 year old boy has a productive cough characterized by large volumes of foul-smelling sputum. Three years ago, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency, as evidenced by repetitive gastrointestinal symptoms of steatorrhea. After culture of the sputum, colorless, oxidase-positive colonies with a fruity ... | A CFTR protein lacking a phenylalanine in exon 10 at position 508 | A GTP-binding protein involved in the elongation step of protein synthesis | A GTP-binding protein similar to the one coupled with & alpha 2-adrenergic receptors | A GTP-binding protein similar to the one coupled with & beta-adrenergic receptors | 1b | multi | The boy is displaying the characteristic symptoms of cystic fibrosis with bronchiectasis (accounting for the foul-smelling sputum) and pancreatic insufficiency, producing steatorrhea. However, the question directly relates to the infectious agent causing the pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an oxidase-positive bacter... | Microbiology | null |
e0d06a70-0195-480b-9e62-7fcbb545edb7 | Patient with a history of fall presents weeks later with headache and progressive neurological deterioration. The diagnosis is:- | Acute subdural hemorrhage | Extradural hemorrhage | Chronic subdural hemorrhage | Fracture skull | 2c | multi | Chronic Subdural Hematoma Chronic SDH: collection of blood breakdown products that is at least 3 weeks old Chronic SDHs often occur in patients without a clear history of head trauma, as they may arise from minor trauma . A chronic SDH >1 cm or any symptomatic SDH should be surgical drained . | Surgery | Cerebrovascular Diseases |
1d254d63-92aa-4c07-841b-6efc97fe944c | Vaginal bleeding in a neonate is commonly due to: | Sarcoma boytroides | Trauma of delivery | Hormonal withdrawal | Viral infection | 2c | single | Hormonal withdrawal | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
879e3509-d92c-4b1b-a368-03835d6403ed | True statement about standard normal curve: | Equal distribution on either side of the curve | The total area under the curve is 2 | Its mean is 1 | Standard deviation is 0 | 0a | multi | (Refer: K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 24th edition, pg no:886 )
Normal distribution
Gaussian / Standard distribution
Symmetric with respect to same mean, median & mode & frequencies tapers off rapidly and symmetrically on both sides | Unknown | null |
9091d246-5f0a-43c8-b7a0-d7cd70bd0b27 | You have given ViPS vaccine to a person. How often will you ask him to take booster doses? | Every year | Every 2 year | Every 3 year | Every 4 year | 2c | single | The injectable typhoid vaccine ViPS is a single dose vaccine which requires booster doses every 3 year. Ty21a vaccine is the oral typhoid vaccine. 3 doses are taken on day 1,3 and 5. It is effective for up to 7 years after last dose. It is recommended in people travelling to endemic areas and during out breaks. Ref: Pa... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cc55e214-01ab-4381-8b9a-060f7d2f965c | A pt. was treated with amitryptiline for depression developed urinary retention, constipation and blurring of vision, most likely cause is : | Anticholinergic side effects | Expressed symptoms of depression | Superadded prostatic enlargement | Any of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' Anticholinergic side effects Tricyclic Antidepressants have prominent Anticholinergic side effects. Symptoms are -Dry mouthBad TasteBlurred vision (mydriasis)ConstipationUrinary retentionEpigastric distress | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy Management of Children and Adolescents |
bd7b8fe6-7af1-4322-939c-66b5fe0e317d | Paraplegia involves; | Both the upper limb. | Both the lower limb . | One upper and lower limb. | Any of the above. | 1b | multi | Paraplegia is due to impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. | Medicine | null |
0d543615-357d-497b-bac7-344e0668dbce | In shigella dysentry associated Hemolytic Uremic syndrome, the false statement is | Leucocytosis | Neurological abnormalities | Hepatic Failure | Thrombatic Angiopathy | 2c | multi | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a well-described process that is known to cause severe renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. HUS is typically associated with toxins (shiga-like and shigella toxin) found in strains of E. coli and Shigella spp . Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), which is comprised of the t... | Pediatrics | Urinary tract |
ff78e421-87be-4809-9626-f8ab3005f923 | Which of the following is not used in enterococcal infection? | Vancomycin | Linezolid | Teichoplanin | Cephalexin | 3d | single | Ans: d (Cephalexin) Ref: Harrison, 16th ed, p. 830; Tripathi, 6th ed, p. 733Enterococci are resistant to all cephalosporins; therefore this class of antibiotics should not be used for treatment of enterococcal infections. Usual treatment for enterococci is combination of penicillin or ampicillin with an aminoglycoside.... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
21221870-22db-4e25-b5da-7262819e5ab5 | Which of these are seen on Romanowsky stain -a) Reticulocytesb) Basophilic stipplingc) Heinz bodiesd) Howell-Jolly bodiese) Cabot ring | abcd | bcde | acde | abde | 3d | single | Romanowsky dyes are used for staining blood films. They are made up of combination of acid and basic dyes. The nucleus and neutrophilic granules are basophilic and stains blue. Hemoglobin is acidophilic and stains red.
Various modifications available are Leishman’s stain, Wright’s stain, Giemsa and Jenner’s stain.
Baso... | Pathology | null |
7efa8bf2-84be-4f58-b2a7-df846c2ab5ec | Which of the following is not an adverse effect of chronic amiodarone therapy ? | Pulmonary Fibrosis | Hypothyroidism | Hyperthyroidism | Systemic lupus erythematosis | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
778467a1-7c40-4afb-9b77-ce954d48be0a | Drug used for hypertension and pulmonary edema due to scorpion sting: | Prazosin | Clonidine | Furosemide | Mannitol | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Prazosin(Ref: Harrison 20th/e p3329)Scorpion sting is a dreadful medical emergency.Scorpion stings cause a wide range of symptoms, from severe local reactions to cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological manifestations.Alpha-receptors play vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure and pulmonary edem... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
729a1a8d-b505-4b1b-b783-9e2de1c0ab37 | A boy has developed epistaxis. What is the treatment of choice | Digital pressure | Nasal packing | Cauterization of vessels | Surgical ligation | 0a | single | Most of the time, bleeding occurs from the Little's area and can be controlled by pinching the nose with thumb and index finger for about 5 min. This will compress the vessels of the Little's area Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 199. | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
8fd3038f-e287-411d-a18c-d2ad3b194252 | Which of the following is NOT true about amniotic fluid index (AFI)? | It is calculated by adding the veical depths of the largest pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants | Fluid restriction may lower the AFI | Significant hydramnios is defined by an index greater than 24 cm | There is steady increase in AFI after 36 weeks | 3d | multi | Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is calculated by adding the veical depths of the largest pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants. Significant hydramnios is defined by an index greater than 24 cm. Fluid restriction or dehydration may lower the AFI. Peak AFI is seen at approximately 32 weeks followed by a steady declin... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
e854c247-5e20-48f1-9b01-fd32fcb4049c | Commonest site of oesophagus - squamous cell carcinoma is | Upper 2/3 | Middle 1/3 | Lower 1/3 | Crico-esophageal junction | 1b | single | OESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA,6 th most common carcinoma in the world, can be predisposed to dietary deficiencies, human papillomavirus infections, achalasia cardia, oesophageal webs etc.it is most commonly seen in middle third of oesophagus (50%)and also at lower third(33%) and upper third(17%).in the lower pa adenocarcinoma ... | Surgery | G.I.T |
d9e3f657-f8c4-4fff-8197-840adcec860f | According to myogenic hypothesis of renal autoregulation, the afferent aerioles contract in response to stretch induced by | NO release | Noradrenaline release | Opening of ca2+ channels | Adenosine release | 2c | single | Most vascular beds have an intrinsic capacity to compensate for moderate changes in perfusion pressure by changes in vascular resistance, so that blood flow remains relatively constant. This capacity is well developed in the kidneys (), but it has also been observed in the mesentery, skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and ... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
b8d8db6d-c47f-40d8-b43d-1ad959f039ec | An ophthalmoplegic migraine means | When headache is followed by complete paralysis of the III rd and VI nerve on the same side as the hemicrania. | When the headache is followed by paial paralysis of the IIIrd nerve on the same side as the hemicrania with out any scotoma. | Headache associated with IIIrd, IVth and VIth nerve paralysis. | Headache associated with optic neuritis | 0a | single | Ophthalmoplegic migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of ophthalmoplegia, following severe migrainous headaches. The condition almost always begins in childhood, and is considered to be rare in adults. However, OM may occur for the first time in adult life. The typical clinical picture of OM includes a child w... | Medicine | All India exam |
68a7037f-154c-4d12-a4fa-85de8d305283 | The monsaccharide glucose is best described by which one of the following statements? | It usually exists in the furanose form | It is a ketose | It possesses an anomeric C-2 carbon atom | It forms part of the disaccharide sucrose | 3d | multi | Two monosaccharide units are linked by a glycosidic bond or yield 2 monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. Depending on their reducing property, they are divided into:
Nonreducing disaccharides: The functional groups are involved in the glycosidic bond formation, hence free functional groups are not available
Reducing di... | Biochemistry | null |
232d8b77-14ad-4ae1-9424-fa8196bdc7b5 | During ocular surgery, when eye surgeon touches the medial rectus, he asked to assistant to measure heart rate because of | Occulocardiac reflex | Occulocephalic reflex | Occulovagal reflex | None | 0a | multi | null | Anaesthesia | null |
fd8e92e3-7f9f-420a-a61d-a07a1bb48c5f | A female at 37 wks of gestation has mild labour pain for 10 hours and cervix is persistently 1CM dilated but non effaced. What will be the next appropriate management? | Sedation and wait | Augmentation with syntocin | Cesarean section | Amniotomy | 0a | single | This is a nulliparous patient and is in latent phase of labor. Latent phase duration normally in a nulliparous female is less than 20hrs and in a multiparous female its is 14 hours. The optimal treatment for this patient is administer sedation and observe the patient. Prolonged latent phase occur when the duration exce... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a7c00419-565b-4941-84d5-4a53e7950318 | Contraceptive LNG-IUD (levonorgesterol intra-uterine device) has the cumulative pregnancy rate at 5 yrs of: | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 0a | single | This is the closest choice in reference to the claimed rate by the manufacturer after phase three trials where the five-year cumulative pregnancy rate is 0.7 percent.LNG-IUD releases approximately 20 mcg levonorgestrel per day initially then 10 mcg /day. LNG does not increase the risk of PID. Lesser ectopic pregnancy a... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives |
0f68bf8a-a999-4f1e-9a14-db1bb9721792 | A 40 year old man has megaloblastic anemia and early signs of neurological abnormality. The drug most probably required is: | Folic acid | Iron sulphate | Erythropoietin | Vitamin B12 | 3d | single | Deficiency of vitamin B12 results in megaloblastic anemia and demyelination. It can cause subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and peripheral neuritis. | Pharmacology | Hematology |
bc2ef716-e969-4384-8265-b99d61755164 | Study the following carefully -(AI 05)Read the pedigree. Inheritance pattern of the disease in the family is - | Autosomal recessive type | Autosomal dominant type | X-Linked dominant type | X-linked recessive type | 3d | single | X-linked recessive type | Unknown | null |
c942875d-a60a-4fef-b113-c1adb1891219 | False about Gastric lymphoma is: | Stomach is the most common site | Asosciate with H. pylori infection | Total gastrectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice | 5 yr survival rate after treatment is 60%. | 2c | multi | Total gastrectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy is the treatment of choice [Ref: Sabiston 20th Ed. ; Schwaz 11th Ed. Stomach is the most common extranodal site of lymphoma. It is of two types - Primary & Secondary Primary gastric lymphoma - is lymphoma of the stomach which exhibits no evidence of liver, spleen, mediastina... | Surgery | All India exam |
cbce2581-e1b8-458e-8b9b-0f53deaf0644 | Wimberger ring sign is present in: | Rickets | Scurvy | Secondary syphilis | Tuberculosis | 1b | single | Wimberger ring sign - seen in scurvy | Pediatrics | Scurvy |
2ea62a14-d58f-4f20-b6db-7d10e5c2a062 | Renal tuberculosis is characterised by - | Loin pain | Painful hematuria | Sterile pyuria | Constitutional symptoms | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
4b40bc88-ed51-4594-a0ec-949679ec57b6 | Mycophenolate mofetil is used in | Prevention of organ transplantation rejection | Tuberculosis | Leprosy | Methanol posisoning | 0a | single | Mycophenolate mofetil is an immunosuppressant used to prevent rejection of allogeneic cardiac, hepatic, and renal transplants. It is administered orally or intravenously. indications It is used to prevent rejection of organ transplants and for prophylaxis of organ rejection in allogeneic cardiac transplants. Contraindi... | Physiology | General physiology |
14e67c31-0045-414c-ad36-8a97d2c7966b | Liver cirrhosis is associated with which type of emphysema in Pizz phenotype mutation? | Centriacinar | Panacinar | Paraseptal | Multifocal | 1b | single | In individuals with the Pizz phenotype, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, its blood levels are less than 15% of normal, and patients are likely to develop panacinar emphysema at a young age; 50% of these patients will develop liver cirrhosis, because the A1AT is not secreted properly and instead accumulates in the liver.... | Medicine | null |
933bcb42-e319-404a-979e-27446ae1afb6 | An addict presents with increased sweating, lacrimation, diarrhea, yawning and rhinorrhea. These symptoms may occur due to withdrawal of? | Heroin | Cocaine | Cannabis | Alcohol | 0a | single | Heroin is a semi synthetic derivative of opium. Withdrawal symptoms are lacrimation, sweating, yawning,anxiety,restlessness, rhinorrhoea and tremors seen 8-12 hours after last dose. All the other drugs donot have the above set of side effects. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
93d4dad2-b320-428c-b321-989c22fd3d5a | Chemotherapy for dysgerminoma is: | Cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin | Cyclophophamide, vincristine, prednisolone | Adriamycin, cyclophophamide, cisplatin | Methotrexate, oncovin, cyclophosphamide | 0a | single | Management of Dysgerminoma:
• The treatment of early dysgerminoma.
Surgical – including resection of the primary lesion (unilateral oophorectomy) and proper surgical dissection.
• Metastatic Disease – Chemotherapy or Radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy:
The most frequently used chemotherapy regimens for germ cell tumors ar... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
be1a6b30-129c-4c1a-b072-d10775050b1b | Which of the following is a Longer acting Erythropoietin derivative? | Sargramostim | Darbepoetin alfa | Dornase alfa | Oprelvekin | 1b | single | Darbopoietin is a Long acting EPO derivative drug. It has a T1/2 24-36 hrs. So it is given once a week. Epoietin has a half life of 6-10 hrs. Uses - Anemia of chronic renal failure(CRF) Anaemia in AIDS patients treated with Zidovudine. Cancer chemotherapy induced anaemia. Preoperative increased blood production for Aut... | Pharmacology | Hematology |
b2fe0d72-a8c4-4054-9cba-68489dcdf1a4 | Methods of fusing two cells in genetic recombination technique include all of the following techniques, except | Fusion mediated by Ethylene Glycol | Fusion mediated by by Electric current | Fusion mediated by viral transformation | Fusion Mediated by altering membrane viscocity | 3d | multi | Ref: <a href=" | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
8682f1eb-6d58-4948-9e7c-d279770a0f08 | Best way to plot the changes of incidence of disease over time is: | Histogram | Line chart | Scatter diagram. | Ogive. | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
b44bf8bb-266b-4441-8183-5ace93c2215d | Sensitivity is - | True positive/true positive + false negative | True positive/false positive + true negative | True negative/true negative + false positive | True negative/false negative + true positive | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., True positive/true positive + false negative Sensitivity =Number of true positive--------------------------------------------Number of true positives + Number of false negative | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening for Disease |
c2ae4328-5284-454d-9c5f-7b9583b0e6ab | Topical Mitomycin C is used for _________ | Endoscopic treatment of angiofibroma | Treatment of skull base osteomyelitis | Sturge Weber syndrome | Treatment for laryngeal stenosis | 3d | single | Topical application of Mitomycin C after endoscopic dilatation of laryngotracheal stenosis prevents restenosis. Mitomycin-C (MMC) inhibits fibroblast proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, and thereby modulates wound healing and scarring. Mitomycin C is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces ca... | ENT | null |
79bf64f7-5219-44f8-a68b-5a5987ed37db | Refsum's syndrome is associated with - | Retinitis pigmentosa | Xerophthalmia | Chalcosis | Diabetes retinopathy | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a1 i.e., Retinitis pigmentosa Associations of retinitis pigmentosa1. Ocular associations : These include myopia, primary open angle glaucoma, microphthalmos, conical cornea and posterior subcapsular cataract.2. Systemic associations : These are in the form of following syndromesLaurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome : I... | Ophthalmology | Dystrophies and Degenerations |
2cc1b386-7da7-49eb-852d-a0dc1fa3c153 | Most common presentation of chronic pancreatitis | Nausea | Steatorrhea | Pain | Brittle Type 3 diabetes | 2c | single | Ans. (c) PainRef: Bailey and Love 27th ed; pg. 1230* MC symptom of Chronic pancreatitis - Pain* Site of pain depends on the foci of disease:# Head: Epigastric and Right Subcostal Pain# Left Side pancreas: Back pain# Diffuse pain is also seen sometimes.# Radiation to shoulder also can be seen | Surgery | Pancreas |
e399a7ab-5984-42c7-8ef6-8b429d7ae680 | The chief cause of perinatal moality in term frank breech presentation is : | Intracranial hemorrhage | Prolapse of umbilical cord | Delay in delivery of head | Abnormalities | 0a | single | Intracranial hemorrhage | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0eb57c66-a806-4ed1-ab8c-4b38be214a2b | Treatment of a cause of Endometriosis at a younger age group : | Progestin | Danazol | GnRH analogues | Hysterectomy with oophorectorny | 0a | single | Ans. is a i.e. Progestin Adolescent Endometriosis : The incidental finding of minimal to mild endometriosis in a young woman without immediate interest in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. 70% of girls with chronic pelvic pain unresponsive to OCP's or NSAID's are affected by endometriosis. Mild disease can be tre... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f0de0471-12a8-4abc-85be-3637e4c1f06b | When can one diagnose acute respiratory distress in a child? | Within 7 days of known insult | Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure | No left ventricular dysfunction | All of the above | 3d | multi | Diagnostic criteria of ARDS in children: BERLIN DEFINITION CRITERIA Timing Within 1 wk of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms Chest X-rays or tomography scan Bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules Origin of edema Respiratory failure not fully e... | Pediatrics | Other Respiratory Disorders |
08fe2a9e-7d0a-471c-bb4a-3d03e296d2cc | Not true regarding influenza virus is - | All types exhibit antigenic shift | Onlybtype A shows antigenic drift | Drift is accumulation of point mutations | None of the above | 0a | multi | Antigenic drift the gradual sequential change in antigenic structure occurring regularly at frequent intervals. Antigenic drift is due to mutation and selection. It accounts for the periodic epidemics of influenza. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO-499 | Microbiology | Virology |
517cd3b0-d40b-4b0a-8ea5-43c9292c6434 | Anterior cerebral artery supplies which part of brain? | Anterior | Lateral | Medial | Posterior | 2c | single | Most of the medial surface is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery. It also supplies the medial part of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe
Middle cerebral artery supplies most of the superolateral surface of brain. It also supplies the temporal lobe and the lateral part of the orbital surface of the frontal lo... | Anatomy | null |
33588beb-3f1f-4364-8901-c766018154bb | Secretomotor fibers in the superior salivatory nucleus pass through the following nerves to reach the Submandibular ganglion: | Facial nerve. | Chorda tympani. | Lingual nerve. | All of the above. | 3d | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
55c5ae59-837c-41e4-a0c1-6194206c6073 | Call Exner Bodies are seen in : | Dyserminomas | Hilus cell tumours | Brenner's | Granulosa cell tumours | 3d | multi | Granulosa cell tumours | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
78778ac3-5e24-4ab0-be90-3828d96a7941 | Diabetes is associated with all of the following in the elderly EXCEPT | Cerebrovascular accident | Cognitive decline | Fall risk | Myocardial infarction | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
24d55131-5f56-4367-8e09-90b5b1d0f2ab | Glomerular basement membrane showing "tram-track" appearance is seen in | Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 1 | Membranous nephropathy | Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis | Minimal-Change Disease | 0a | single | Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1:MPGN is best considered a pattern of immune-mediated injury rather than a specific disease. The glomeruli are large and hypercellular. The glomeruli have an accentuated "lobular" appearance due to the proliferating mesangial cells and increased mesangial matrix. Th... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
c45177f1-6e81-4167-9c4b-5a58686cb406 | Destruction of ovaries prior to 7th week following fertilization results in: | Pseudohermaphroditism | Uterine agenesis | Masculinisation | None of the above | 3d | multi | In females: If ovaries are destructed prior to 7 weeks then it will lead to decrease in estrogen so secondary sexual characteristics in female will not develop, and she will complain of amenorrhea. Uterus develops from mullerian duct, hence uterus will be present (i.e. option b incorrect) but underdeveloped (infantile)... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b4ede1d0-d58e-45b3-8b50-e8ec56ce60b1 | A 70-year-old male patient with intentional tremor, drunken gait, and past pointing is having a lesion in which of the following structures | Basal ganglia | Pyramidal tract | Cerebellum | Thalamus | 2c | single | "Most abnormalities associated with damage to the cerebellum are apparent during movement Ataxia is manifest not only in the wide-based, unsteady, "drunken" gait of patients but also in defects of the skilled movements involved in the production of speech, so that slurred, scanning speech results. Voluntary movements a... | Physiology | Nervous system |
2be89eae-c77a-4a86-bd6f-e9724c97f80f | Eltrombopag is a | Erythropoietin analogue | Erythropoietin receptor agonist | Thrombopoietin analogue | GMCSF analogue | 2c | single | Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin analogue used in ITP, but carries the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Lustrombopag & Avatrombopag are other thrombopoietin analogues used to prevent bleeding in patients of liver disease. | Pharmacology | null |
2d6c7105-9bbd-4334-aa69-3a67f4219962 | Which of the following is method of treating venous ulcer | Hilton's method | Trivex method | Bisgaard method | Tessari method | 2c | single | Bisgaard method is method for treating venous ulcer. | Surgery | null |
798dd92a-9a67-4fae-910a-73888fd29284 | Which of the following is false about gestational hypeension? | There is a sustained rise of BP > 140/90 mmHg | Blood pressure returns to normal within 6 weeks of delivery | It is associated with lower incidence of essential hypeension in the later life as compared to pre eclampsia | Perinatal moality remains unaffected | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'C i.e., It is associated with lower incidence of essential hypeension in the later life as compared to pre eclampsia Gestational hypeensionA sustained rise of blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg or more on atleast 2 occasions 4 or more hours apa beyond the 20thweeks of pregnancyor during the first 24 hours after de... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2bae1af4-221e-4dca-98ca-9103c5a01214 | Which of the following is Initial Tooth Preparation stage? | External wall finishing | Pulp protection | Convenience form | Debridement and inspection | 2c | multi | Initial Tooth Preparation Stage
Step 1: Initial depth and outline form.
Step 2: Primary resistance form.
Step 3: Primary retention form.
Step 4: Convenience form.
Final Tooth Preparation Stage
Step 5: Removal of defective restorative material and/or soft dentin.
Step 6: Pulp protection.
Step 7: Secondary resistance ... | Dental | null |
a35ab4c7-83c6-416b-bb3f-655c1ef7bdae | All of the following are features of ischemia in anterior choroidal aery territory except? | Hemiparesis | Hemisensory loss | Homonymous hemianopia | Predominant involvement of the anterior limb of internal capsule | 3d | multi | Anterior choroidal aery Arises from the internal carotid aery. Supplies the posterior limb and genu of the internal capsule Occlusion- Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, hypesthesia, and homonymous hemianopia. Internal capsule Blood supply ANTERIOR LIMB A.C.A. (medial striate A) + M.C.A (lateral striate A.) GENU... | Medicine | Stroke and TIA |
3b9d23d8-d830-4cbc-ae02-2a99acd38340 | Lens antigen are? | Neoantigen | Sequestrated antigen | Altered antigen | Cross reacting antigen | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Sequestrated antigenREF: Ananthanarayan & Paniker 7th ed page 171, Textbook Of Medical Physiology ByKhurana 2009 ed page 207Hidden antigen or sequestrated antigen:Certain self antigens are present in the close system and never exposed to the immune system during fetal life. These are known as hidden antigen... | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous (Lens) |
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