id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 22 724 | token stringlengths 8 29 | complexity float64 0.03 0.98 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3OKP4QVBP2X6DNL3ZZ0D56JWA0TAG9 | biomed | PW designed and coordinated the immunocytochemical, morphometrical and molecular biological experiments. | biological experiments | 0.308824 | easy |
3FJ2RVH25Z62TA3R8E1O77EBUZ6293 | biomed | It is also clear that in this genetic system, we have raised the production of Aβ to levels not found in humans to accelerate pathology into an experimentally feasible time frame. | time frame | 0.308824 | easy |
3XDJY5RK5SLAGG6HA3F3WIYNRYCU4I | biomed | The Gdf5-Cre system provides a new method for restricting gene expression or inactivation primarily to articular regions, thus avoiding the pleiotropic functions of many genes in other tissues. | new method | 0.308824 | easy |
3BJKPTD2QCC2H9TQLAL6ZFNV0YPRT7 | biomed | DLB conceived and designed the study, carried out sample preparation, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript. | statistical analysis | 0.308824 | easy |
3R5OYNIC2C9H5WDB8IHHUKNGZG0PTC | biomed | The deH allele is caused by a large deletion that removes most of the Tbx15 coding sequence, but the pleiotropic phenotype is caused by a simple loss of function for Tbx15 rather than a dominant-negative or contiguous gene effect. | simple loss | 0.3125 | easy |
37OPIVELUU3KDJGEJ5IVQ6VXP06HAF | biomed | Consistent with this expression, we found that most mutant male germ cells arrest in pachynema and undergo apoptosis, although a small proportion can progress to diplonema and sometimes beyond. | small proportion | 0.3125 | easy |
37SQU136V7ODFKI0LXMHNIMN4H411C | biomed | First, it is possible that there are two distinct types of rod precursor; loss of Nr2e3 in one leads to S-cone fate and in the other results in a hybrid cell type. | cell type | 0.316667 | easy |
3TZ0XG8CBUKDFP5GOVAPHYREGZY98D | biomed | It has been reported that the Xenopus ADAM11 ortholog, xMDC11a, has an expression pattern associated with neural development, with a proposed role in cell migration [24]; and it has been reported in analyses using Northern blot and in situ hybridisation methods that the murine Adam11 gene is expressed in both the developing and adult nervous system [19,25]. | nervous system | 0.316667 | easy |
3EKTG13IZU3N1G8T7TNYRPJ40Y4LMA | biomed | These findings led us to hypothesize that ADAM22 is an integrin binder and plays an important role in the nervous system, as does ADAM23. | nervous system | 0.333333 | easy |
35F6NGNVM8JSZQ9BCWN0UYWVZMVT7A | biomed | In mouse ES cells, we show that CAF-1 is also required for regular levels of H4K20me3 at pericentric repeats, but not at IAP elements, which are repeated sequences spread all over the mouse genome. | regular levels | 0.316667 | easy |
3EHVO81VN5LOJV3ENMP2F52UL611HC | biomed | Females and males inherit (on average) the same genes that may be risk factors, but their expression and effect on disease risk varies significantly. | disease risk | 0.319444 | easy |
335VBRURDJ0UOQF71YWP98N0R2WE9H | biomed | Thus, targeted genetic disruption of candidate genes encoding proteins of the immune system has been extensively used to examine their role in immune regulation. | immune system | 0.319444 | easy |
3EN4YVUOUCSS02JXIFDUMRMA3DIXJ3 | biomed | This phenotype—increased urinary output and water intake—showed complete concordance with homozygosity of the F204V mutation in the 58 animals tested. | water intake | 0.319444 | easy |
36FQTHX3Z3RA2LE7AYTPHNETOD9B3X | biomed | Here we report that dopamine D2R-mediated signaling must be intact if a mouse is to efficiently learn to associate a food reinforcer with a specific odor and then adaptively disengage inappropriate behavioral strategies following the reversal of reinforcement contingencies. | specific odor | 0.321429 | easy |
3SD15I2WD2U4W9XCE7CH67S1ACY637 | biomed | We show here the utility of investigating spontaneous mouse mutations in understanding human disease. | human disease | 0.323529 | easy |
3YZ7A3YHR5TCXMIDZ33DM9MD6XM5SI | biomed | The objective of the present study was to create genetically engineered murine models of MSUD that mimic the pathology of the classic and intermediate variant forms of the human disease. | human disease | 0.338235 | easy |
338431Z1FLFM4HOIPTZ755H81Q8ORI | biomed | While most studies focused on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifying enzymes [3], our data point to the importance of the chromatin assembly machinery. | data point | 0.325 | easy |
3B9XR6P1WEVLNZGWDJLCXUVIKAVBJ9 | biomed | Family history [1] is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). | cardiovascular diseases | 0.325 | easy |
3J9L0X0VDFMO5Q1YMYQVVEU0Y619WS | biomed | In contrast, interactions between 2PM/2M QTL and hg primarily affect fat deposition (Table 3). | fat deposition | 0.325 | easy |
3L21G7IH47WA5QT3XMTQ15XXB2D1YA | biomed | These findings demonstrate very distinct activities of one transcriptional regulator at different developmental steps within a committed post-mitotic neuronal lineage. | distinct activities | 0.328947 | easy |
3OID399FXG7YXUSK8PLXDMRQUOQDFF | biomed | Analysis of the mechanisms by which transcription factor programs can be shifted over time to control different complements of downstream genes and thus different aspects of neuronal and cellular fates in progenitor cells or post-mitotic neurons may provide further insight into the way in which transcription factors act to control the assembly of neuronal circuits. | further insight | 0.333333 | easy |
3I7SHAD35MWOMVJR3ZMO8K135EZM72 | biomed | Targeted gene deletion in mice provides a powerful approach to determining the physiological roles of μ- and m-calpain and the opportunity to approach their isoform specific functions. | powerful approach | 0.3375 | easy |
382GHPVPHSRQHMTYVJJ2998NELS34J | biomed | However, it is still possible, that a mild impairment in Sam68−/− mice osteoclast function may manifest itself later in life in overall accumulation of bone and this will require further detailed studies. | detailed studies | 0.338235 | easy |
3GITHABACYLNIC7L9OKTP89VZON2N2 | biomed | Here we provide evidence that NT-3 acts as a chemoattractant for sensory axons during the final phase of their target-directed pathfinding. | final phase | 0.347222 | easy |
3A3KKYU7P3H3CAKSB7U0000KY58MW4 | biomed | The HG9 strain represents a major epistasis-based obese mouse model and promises to aid in the understanding of obesity and specifically the modulation of adipose tissue deposition by Gh. | mouse model | 0.35 | easy |
374UMBUHN5PYB7473DVBAKO90XMTC3 | biomed | In preliminary studies, we have noted differences in the composition of the thrombus in B6 and A/J mice. | preliminary studies | 0.35 | easy |
39WSF6KUV2LXVDJD3NF76YIPM1IOE5 | biomed | Design of inhibitors specific for CLN2 should incorporate the features that have been proven to be important for the related enzymes, such as the placement of an aldehyde functionality capable of making covalent interactions with the catalytic serine, or the utilization of chloromethyl ketone for the same purpose. | same purpose | 0.35 | easy |
37PGLWGSJT6QLR0K1ED5KWZ8UPFKIQ | biomed | Thus it is tempting to relate the cardiac problems in the mouse to the apparent broader range of substrate utilization of mouse MCAD. | cardiac problems | 0.352941 | easy |
30P8I9JKOILSPEZHTY8IXW6K51FV5C | biomed | However, even during the light phase, the tTA/APP mice remained many-fold more active than normal controls. | normal controls | 0.352941 | easy |
3X55NP42EOGC6FFHT3BQC7JI5HOP3W | biomed | We present an extensive study of gene expression patterns in LNs of both genetically susceptible and resistant strains at four different phases of CIA. | extensive study | 0.352941 | easy |
3J94SKDEKIP6VXZV2D8ORA0D5UC5DO | biomed | At 54 wk, these cells in the alphaA/BKO lenses were larger in cross sectional diameter than wild type, and exhibited a much greater variation in the cross sectional size and cell shape. | cell shape | 0.355263 | easy |
3QHITW7OYO9XQCFH2V5PZKNYGN2QAK | biomed | We focused on one of the four lines, line 107, to examine in more detail the time dependence and extent of transgene suppression following either acute or chronic treatment with dox. | time dependence | 0.357143 | easy |
37VE3DA4YUHPWTL6PJIRLHF37IRBH4 | biomed | Ectopic NT-3 supplied using osmotic pumps and adenovirus-mediated expression induce sensory axon growth during regeneration (Zhang et al. 1998, Bradbury et al. 1999, Oudega et al. 1999, Ramer et al. 2002), and induce axonal plasticity of corticospinal axons in injured adult spinal cord (Zhou et al. 2003), where the sprouting axons from the intact site cross the midline towards the NT-3 source on the lesion side of the spinal cord. | intact site | 0.357143 | easy |
3IKMEYR0LWVMA6MICBSDXGSR5TIK2F | biomed | Once this event takes place, it would initiate an irreversible program of differentiation toward S-cone fate, albeit at a relatively low frequency. | irreversible program | 0.359375 | easy |
3HEA4ZVWVDMBRKK2N7Q5TYCLSDE55G | biomed | Concomitantly, levels of the amino acids alanine, glutamate, and glutamine, whose synthesis is linked with normal metabolism of BCAA, were decreased (Table 1). | normal metabolism | 0.361111 | easy |
3DW3BNF1GHIBCWIJRWFL9GGB7RH8VS | biomed | Using confocal immunocytochemistry on cryosections, we observed strong expression of the pendrin protein in the apical membrane of vestibular transitional cells in the utricle and ampullae (Fig. 1g,1h,1i). | strong expression | 0.361111 | easy |
301KG0KX9CLV8GLA6QPGKOCZDCE2HT | biomed | Early migratory CNCCs have been shown to retain a considerable degree of plasticity and their fate is largely controlled by instructional signals from local environments into which NCCs migrate [6]. | instructional signals | 0.361111 | easy |
3ABAOCJ4R84YSDO6ZYVU8BIYA4RQM4 | biomed | Previous studies suggest that BMP signaling is involved in a large number of developmental events. | developmental events | 0.366667 | easy |
3OPLMF3EU5NTJYTTJU2Y44845OELNA | biomed | Two independent laboratories observed embryonic lethality in Capn4 knockout mice, albeit at different stages of development [31,32]. | independent laboratories | 0.367647 | easy |
3FSEU3P2NR0P1UGYHLGBZ0MDCDSRRU | biomed | A subset of CNCCs continues to migrate deeper into the aortic sac to form the aortico-pulmonary septum; a vital structure, which separates the pulmonary trunk from the aorta [4]. | vital structure | 0.367647 | easy |
33TGB4G0LPHME5F2U9RYOX9J1F9XT8 | biomed | Sex-specific regulation of gonad organogenesis in vertebrates may occur in a similar manner, where some cells are cell-autonomously responsive to the sex-determining switch; however, the establishment of the male or female program occurs through the non-cell-autonomous activity of classic signaling pathways that act in an antagonistic manner and coordinate growth, cell differentiation and morphogenesis in the gonad. | female program | 0.375 | easy |
3CKVGCS3PG5D2FWC2XX15EQMPPBS0K | biomed | Altogether, our data demonstrate that loss of p150CAF-1 function in ES cells and early embryos alters first the organization of heterochromatin in the nucleus and, in a subsequent step, cell cycle and viability. | early embryos | 0.375 | easy |
39HYCOOPKOL434K1UCPA8CBZRP2MDV | biomed | On the other hand, in the visible platform version, in which the motor ability and visual acuity of the mouse are tested, ADAM11-defieient mice were normal. | motor ability | 0.375 | easy |
3087LXLJ6MG4YARQWDX2YF770ZHF0O | biomed | One aim of using animal models for complex diseases is to detect the genetic basis of these diseases. | genetic basis | 0.375 | easy |
385MDVINFCFDB2E78AH8K883UBDWJA | biomed | Examination of male meiosis in XYY mice and mice carrying a sex-chromosome-to-autosome translocation showed that cells in which a sex chromosome escapes MSCI are eliminated prior to late-pachynema [17]. | sex chromosome | 0.375 | easy |
3O2Y2UIUCQU6B0YU067KHZMGEXNFKU | biomed | An attractive speculation is that DMRT7 may provide sequence specificity in recruiting other proteins, such as chromatin modifiers, to the XY body as part of the transition to PMSC. | other proteins | 0.375 | easy |
34D9ZRXCYRU93SUUUZUUUK2ZYBNAST | biomed | An alternative explanation would be that there is only a single, homogeneous population of postmitotic rod precursors in the mouse, and a stochastic event triggers assumption of the S-cone fate in a small subpopulation of these cells in the rd7 mutant. | alternative explanation | 0.375 | easy |
3OJX0UFJ0Z7BDMCTRYBUDQ93DQQ9UT | biomed | These qualitiesalso make human ES cells attractive sources for cell transplantation therapy to treat various diseases, including spinal cord injuries and juvenile diabetes. | transplantation therapy | 0.375 | easy |
3WGCNLZJKF877FYC1Q6COKNWTE7D1E | biomed | Furthermore, Wnt11, secreted by the ureteric bud tips, participates in a positive feedback loop promoting glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression by the metanephric mesenchyme [4]. | feedback loop | 0.375 | easy |
35XW21VSVGEQZBLYRQJK3YIASNLSLS | biomed | Previous work using human patients and genetically altered mice has identified some modifier genes and have advanced our understanding of CF pathophysiology [4]. | altered mice | 0.375 | easy |
3Y3CZJSZ9KT0W7I0KE38WZHHKV3R5G | biomed | Despite a growing literature demonstrating disrupted associative learning following acute manipulations of dopamine D1R signaling during acquisition of associative learning tasks with food [e.g. [6,7]], the actual contribution of D2R-mediated signaling on acquisition and maintenance of associative learning in rodents is unresolved. | actual contribution | 0.381579 | easy |
3L4YG5VW9NS1ZAEOHJQ7PMO5IBADD4 | biomed | In addition, it is required for the metalloregulation of Znt1, encoding the major plasma membrane-localized zinc efflux transporter (19), the hypoxic/anoxic induction of the gene for placental growth factor (Plgf), an angiogenic protein of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family (20), and has recently been invoked in tumor development (21,22). | tumor development | 0.382353 | easy |
3Z8UJEJOCZDRESZACEFTQHJ30D639F | biomed | In addition, laminin-2 is a key player in peripheral myelin formation, because laminin-2 deficiency causes dysmyelination in mice and humans, and its receptors, alpha-6 beta-1 integrin and dystroglycan, are also shown to be deeply involved in myelin formation [26,27]. | key player | 0.383333 | easy |
3ZURAPD288N45ZC8SW12CKQH5RO1FE | biomed | Moreover, the ablation of GluR-B, but also changes in the extent of Q/R site editing of GluR-B, can alter the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission in the genetically addressed neuronal populations [51,58,60], thus potentially shifting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the affected circuits. | site editing | 0.388889 | easy |
3EPG8DX9LKQFKU2L7MZJR4H2JDF5P2 | biomed | Individual pericentric domains from single chromosomes are now found either isolated or aggregated in a pattern less dense than the regular clusters observed in control cells (Figure 4B). | single chromosomes | 0.388889 | easy |
35O6H0UNLSGJYJZNC9UZU8VQAE9J5G | biomed | Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) followed by postnatal failure to thrive is a universally observed phenotype in SLOS patients [2,18]. | growth retardation | 0.388889 | easy |
302U8RURJZ1WF35NXY44RD66WMGNVV | biomed | These characteristics should make RMCE-ASAP a robust and general technology for analysis of mammalian genes under conditions that preserve normal control mechanisms in different tissues. | general technology | 0.392857 | easy |
3I01FDIL6M8EW0G8KU6QT3X1LKL2DK | biomed | More accurate placement of CLN2 within the context of a family of related enzymes became possible only after high-resolution crystal structures of two bacterial enzymes with a limited sequence similarity to CLN2, sedolisin and kumamolisin, became available [5-7]. | accurate placement | 0.394737 | easy |
3PIOQ99R7YMW2OGNS8UZVR4NIF7UND | biomed | Although the sex differences in disease susceptibility are recognized, the interplay between sex and gene expression that is at the basis of these differences is not well understood. | gene expression | 0.4 | neutral |
3TFJJUELSHP4R8AUKYBF9XFJ0K9C2U | biomed | Consistent with the hybrid pattern of gene expression in these cells, electron microscopic analysis revealed them to be morphologically intermediate between normal rods and cones. | gene expression | 0.426471 | neutral |
309D674SHZLYFLAQ3R4QAQINUQMBCV | biomed | Although the temporal spike of Snail in the hair bud is reflected at the mRNA level and seems to follow Wnt signaling and BMP inhibition, LEF-1/β-catenin activation does not appear to induce Snail gene expression in embryonic skin keratinocytes. | gene expression | 0.45 | neutral |
3NFWQRSHVEE19E2BAFM5J7UN7G6FGR | biomed | Among vertebrates, differences in the shape or number of skeletal elements, altered morphology of epidermal appendages, and variation in pigment distribution combine to produce the majority of what distinguishes one animal from another. | skeletal elements | 0.4 | neutral |
3JUDR1D0D6R8L9KDPGCAT2404ZA2QP | biomed | Agouti protein has a short radius of action (Silvers and Russel 1955) and can be switched on and off during a single hair cycle (Bultman et al. 1992, 1994; Miller et al. 1993; Vrieling et al. 1994); thus, its regulated expression is thought to be responsible for the cream-colored or yellow ventral surface of mice carrying the black-and-tan (at) allele and for the yellow markings around the feet, ears, or head, i.e., tan points or head spots, of certain dog breeds. | short radius | 0.4 | neutral |
3OND0WXMHWFN3WXQZAKHMPLOAF4HEA | biomed | This study has shown high expression of ADAM11 mRNA in the hippocampus and cerebellum. | high expression | 0.4 | neutral |
3N3WJQXELSQXUC40XB4ECG56UTNL2J | biomed | Furthermore, complete loss of Abcg8/sterolin-2 results in an inability to secrete cholesterol into bile, although secretion of sitosterol seemed to be preserved. | complete loss | 0.4 | neutral |
3511RHPADVEEYWLLC1JFDODE6L3LRY | biomed | In other cases, however, the gene disruption is thought to compromise fatally the viability of cells in the early embryo [3,39-43]. | early embryo | 0.4 | neutral |
3YLPJ8OXX8D2XK0CF8QQGPXRLGSX4C | biomed | Consistent with our visual analysis of the histological sections, line 107 tTA/APP mice treated with dox for 3 or 6 mo had the same amount of aggregated Aβ as when they started treatment at 6 mo of age (Figure 4A and 4B). | visual analysis | 0.4 | neutral |
3QO7EE372ON29MK9895LUV74Y5NBQ0 | biomed | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor β superfamily, originally identified on the basis of their ability to induce ectopic bone formation when implanted within soft tissue in vivo [1–3]. | soft tissue | 0.4 | neutral |
31GECDVA9JM3TSKUX9AFDA4LK3066D | biomed | Olfactory receptors were originally identified in an elegant experiment based on the hypothesis that they would be seven-transmembrane-domain proteins encoded by a large, diverse gene family whose expression is restricted to the olfactory epithelium [3]. | gene family | 0.4 | neutral |
35NNO802AVWRTXLNYR5LCOGCOKKINT | biomed | The individual roles of these molecules in binding, phagocytosis or transduction of anti-inflammatory signals upon apoptotic cell recognition have not been well defined, however [5,6,14]. | individual roles | 0.4 | neutral |
3LG268AV3860SQBTVFWB0TNUXO2REH | biomed | A preliminary analysis identified regions on chr.1, 9, and 10 are that are potentially associated with the milder phenotype. | preliminary analysis | 0.40625 | neutral |
3HA5ODM5KASTVGXS5ULQQ7GCJLOVSF | biomed | In this regard, the inducible coactivator PGC-1α serves as a transcriptional “booster” to augment the capacity of downstream metabolic pathways critical for metabolic maturation and postnatal growth. | metabolic maturation | 0.407895 | neutral |
39N6W9XWRDN795J6F5ET8S13DRWGYP | biomed | We focused on one of the four lines, line 107, to examine in more detail the time dependence and extent of transgene suppression following either acute or chronic treatment with dox. | chronic treatment | 0.410714 | neutral |
35ZRNT9RUIYULF3GE3YBN7ESVCS3OT | biomed | Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of Gh and Sstr5 is one of five receptors which mediate these effects [45,46]. | potent inhibitor | 0.410714 | neutral |
32XN26MTXZJQY21MIO00TSCRXV3L0Z | biomed | It is possible that distinct genetic backgrounds related to hybrid strains confer different degrees of secondary compensatory responses. | genetic backgrounds | 0.4125 | neutral |
3WGZLY9VCHMPIFIX0BFR3UA47KD8DT | biomed | Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of LCA should enable a better understanding of the disease process, and the design of suitable therapies. | disease process | 0.416667 | neutral |
373L46LKP76MG2KQJWY5WXE8744JK1 | biomed | In conclusion, our data define a physiologic role for Sam68 in bone metabolism and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. | bone metabolism | 0.416667 | neutral |
3YO4AH2FPDK1PZHZAT8WAEBL71PQ0S | biomed | The fact that Sam68−/− osteoclasts looked and acted like Sam68+/+ osteoclasts ex vivo and in vivo made it unlikely that this was the primary source of the difference in bone metabolism in 12-month-old Sam68−/− mice. | bone metabolism | 0.485294 | neutral |
30EV7DWJTVV5CCU03S57W1OEJDSY64 | biomed | Evidently this residual activity is sufficient for the viability and growth of mutant animals. | residual activity | 0.416667 | neutral |
3X52SWXE0X5Q3O81YI0MX4V84R4WCW | biomed | We then screened a brain library with this peptide using the yeast two-hybrid technique and identified three novel interacting proteins, HOMER3, DNCL1 and TRIM11. | brain library | 0.416667 | neutral |
34HEO7RUG6UX2DUHFAUP4AX3C94AR5 | biomed | A perinatally lethal phenotype was observed in Ptdsr-knockout mice, and Ptdsr-deficient embryos displayed multiple defects in tissue and organ differentiation. | multiple defects | 0.416667 | neutral |
36KM3FWE3RCRJHCKEUZQANUQ2BY70C | biomed | PGC-1α is enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart, slow-twitch skeletal muscle, and kidney-all tissues with high-capacity mitochondrial systems. | skeletal muscle | 0.416667 | neutral |
3NOEP8XAU42OMDMVDSIEJN8MCCOXP3 | biomed | This trafficking process is selectively inhibited by the neuroprotective drug, R-(-)-deprenyl and derivates thereof, and are often employed to treat Parkinson disease [52–57]. | trafficking process | 0.421053 | neutral |
36AZSFEYZ40UEUGQU8ZV0I6CFX2BVU | biomed | The apparent reduction of paraxial mesoderm in Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 embryos could explain the lack of headfolds since paraxial mesoderm is important for the full development of neuroectoderm, and consequently, headfolds. | apparent reduction | 0.421053 | neutral |
3PEG1BH7AERGYJMEV4LOY9VVZZVBK8 | biomed | In a third model, there would be a limiting quantity of transcription factors - the cell might contain a single transcriptional 'machine' that is capable of accommodating the promoter of only one olfactory receptor gene, similar to the expression site body used by African trypanosomes to ensure singular expression of only one set of variant surface glycoprotein genes [22]. | receptor gene | 0.425 | neutral |
3W31J70BASWZ8OEK94HJ9T1DHKUKCN | biomed | To date only three PAX6 protein-protein interactions have been described: with SOX2 on the lens-specific enhancer element of the δ-crystallin gene [22]; with MDIA, which modulates PAX6 activity in early neuronal development [23], and with MAF proteins on the glucagon promoter, which causes increased expression of this pancreatic hormone gene [17]. | hormone gene | 0.426471 | neutral |
3JMQI2OLFZ5ALM516D4ALR0ZWFCNDW | biomed | For many years it was believed that the fate of each cell in the genital disk was under the cell-autonomous control of double sex (dsx), the key regulator of the sex determination pathway. | key regulator | 0.426471 | neutral |
30F94FBDNRKF12C1PDZGZ0IRICMBTE | biomed | In the absence of this interaction with BRCA2, RAD51 might exist in a form that is not capable of being recruited into a functional repair complex when damage occurs. | repair complex | 0.430556 | neutral |
3HO4MYYR12OOV3AVTR8ITGI1NPI6UF | biomed | In the present paper we have analyzed female mice that previously had undergone a reproductive study (Liljander M, Sällström MA, Andersson S, Wernhoff P, Andersson Å, Holmdahl R, Mattsson R, unpublished data). | reproductive study | 0.430556 | neutral |
3EKTG13IZU3N1G8T7TNYRPJ40Y4MLB | biomed | Research on calpains has linked them with a wide variety of functions including muscle growth, development, degeneration (3), neuronal growth and neurodegeneration [4], cell cycle progression [5,6], signal cascades triggered by integrins and growth factors [7], membrane protrusion [8], remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell migration [9-15], and regulation of cell death via both necrosis and apoptosis [16-22]. | muscle growth | 0.434211 | neutral |
3KL228NDMVMCP0UPBQD2ZKMSFCMKGX | biomed | None of the annexins contains a typical nuclear localization signal and their mechanism of nuclear import remains to be elucidated. | localization signal | 0.441176 | neutral |
3DQYSJDTYLBKPMX54E23PB9IY5MXEI | biomed | Target-derived factors act on predetermined neuronal lineages to switch their developmental programs to become compatible with processes such as target invasion and branching. | target invasion | 0.444444 | neutral |
360ZO6N6J1JS0E7KIWK8MGS904NM9E | biomed | We used a specific antibody against the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein to study the fate of the PML nuclear bodies, which are well-characterized subnuclear structures [22]. | specific antibody | 0.444444 | neutral |
3ZRKL6Z1E83ADJ7XGZM4Q6D2W60GSB | biomed | In addition to this specific chromatin assembly activity, CAF-1 interacts with several proteins present in heterochromatin, including heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and MBD1, a methyl-CpG binding domain protein that recruits histone deacetylase and repressive histone methyltransferase activities [13–15]. | assembly activity | 0.446429 | neutral |
3Q2T3FD0ON86LCI41NJYV3PN0CD3ME | biomed | Higher pro-myelinating Schwann cell density and marked delay in myelin formation indicate that ADAM22 plays an important role in Schwann cell differentiation, but not in proliferation. | cell differentiation | 0.446429 | neutral |
3IVEC1GSLPZKA1Y4BMSNRII9YY4J1Y | biomed | We investigated the role of the Atrx protein in mouse development. | mouse development | 0.446429 | neutral |
3EQPA8A374WH5XJCJX1FJC2LBDHJZN | biomed | Inadequate absorption or assimilation of nutrients appears to be of greater importance because even with adequate oral enzyme supplementation nutrition is rarely fully corrected [11]. | Inadequate absorption | 0.447368 | neutral |
34R3P23QHS1HKWJHKAEN8VSOHJ9HWQ | biomed | In a third model, there would be a limiting quantity of transcription factors - the cell might contain a single transcriptional 'machine' that is capable of accommodating the promoter of only one olfactory receptor gene, similar to the expression site body used by African trypanosomes to ensure singular expression of only one set of variant surface glycoprotein genes [22]. | site body | 0.45 | neutral |
3TTPFEFXCTKJQH4BTS1JA1TBTHG6HE | biomed | In vitro studies using the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line demonstrated an endoplasmic reticulum pattern for the mutant protein, and apparent resistance to translocation. | mutant protein | 0.45 | neutral |
3VO4XFFP15MF7AHJVST5PTL8FFWQ7T | biomed | Colocalization of AQP2-F204V with the ER protein calnexin in transfected MDCK cells shows that, while most of the mutant protein is trapped in the ER, some does progress beyond the ER. | mutant protein | 0.538462 | neutral |
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