id
stringlengths
30
30
corpus
stringclasses
3 values
sentence
stringlengths
22
724
token
stringlengths
8
29
complexity
float64
0.03
0.98
difficulty
stringclasses
5 values
31ODACBENUF1Q81BJVRGKKH42T9QSG
biomed
These studies might clarify whether ADAM11 plays an important signalling or structural role at the synaptic level and whether it participates in synaptic regulation.
important signalling
0.45
neutral
37J05LC5AXJE2WEGRFCISKJINV7JDO
biomed
We therefore wished to investigate the feasibility of non-invasive multiple reporter imaging in mice, and as a first step we wanted to ascertain whether we could establish viable and fertile mice with widespread expression of GFP variant reporters.
reporter imaging
0.45
neutral
3X878VYTIEIIGLRAHCIBDUHU8DNF7O
biomed
Loss of functional Dhcr7 led to a retardation of embryonic growth from E14.5~E16.5 onwards.
embryonic growth
0.45
neutral
3J6BHNX0U9SIZSBBYUQXP4VPGO9NK9
biomed
The first gene downstream of Sry known to show male-specific up-regulation in Sertoli cell precursors is a related gene expressed in many tissues in the developing embryo , Sox9.
related gene
0.452381
neutral
3P458N04Q1HSU6LPBU72NA0T12X2XM
biomed
Since the parental strains differ in susceptibility to CIA, in spite of both having the MHC class II A beta genes [15], we wanted to test the susceptibility to inflammatory disease in mice from this cross.
parental strains
0.453125
neutral
3VMHWJRYHVGCV0X1ZPM97TUIA62FXJ
biomed
We have investigated the embryonic processes that require huntingtin in order to more precisely delineate huntingtin's essential molecular and cellular activities and to provide clues to the mechanism by which the dominant polyglutamine expansion mutation in huntingtin leads to HD pathogenesis.
cellular activities
0.453125
neutral
338GLSUI43B4ZJB25FGM8LDQVR0FSB
biomed
Moreover, mutant embryos contained only eight to 16 cells at the E4 stage, instead of 32 cells observed for wild-type or heterozygous blastocysts (Figure 1C and 1D).
mutant embryos
0.453125
neutral
3YD0MU1NC21NKUA26WWJZT63BXAA76
biomed
These include the serum proteins β2-glycoprotein 1 and protein S [20,21], the growth-arrest-specific gene product GAS-6 [22], complement activation products [23], the milk fat globule protein MFG-E8 [24], and annexin I [25].
protein S
0.453125
neutral
3PA41K45VN4U7YG4VFEGPOVYAJA7PJ
biomed
Besides their lack of receptor subtype specificity, an acute exposure to commercially available D2 receptor antagonists fails to completely block signaling mediated solely by D2Rs.
subtype specificity
0.453125
neutral
3G9UA71JVVUYLND6029WSS9M1K47JJ
biomed
While D2R antagonists have been used in the context of rodent associative learning paradigms, their lack of receptor subtype specificity [13] and motor-disrupting effects [6,8] have prevented a rigorous examination of the actual role this dopamine receptor subtype plays in associative and reversal learning in the context of an operant behavior.
subtype specificity
0.546875
neutral
3R5OYNIC2C9H5WDB8IHHUKNGZG1TPH
biomed
Significantly, the reports cited above failed to address the technical limitations of the approach: i.e. that the antagonists used lack adequate subtype specificity and only partially blocked D2R-mediated signaling thus making it impossible to rigorously assess the role of D2R-mediated signaling in associative and reversal learning.
subtype specificity
0.631579
difficult
3UYRNV2KITZY4R9AP5TUZZMYLOF8NB
biomed
Since the possible new locus of potential interest on chromosome 1 was of suggestive significance, and since the locus identified on chromosome 13 probably is Cia28, we are now paying special attention to the significant QTL for CIA incidence detected at 60–70 cM on chromosome 11 (denoted Cia40).
CIA incidence
0.455882
neutral
3GMLHYZ0LEXQENK1ZA3AC72UMZBYU7
biomed
This means that this region contains genes affecting the CIA incidence in multiparous mice in addition to the rate of successful deliveries in female mice.
CIA incidence
0.541667
neutral
3W31J70BASWZ8OEK94HJ9T1DHKVCKG
biomed
Crx-/- photoreceptors demonstrate a complete block in outer segment formation at the elongation stage.
segment formation
0.455882
neutral
3R6RZGK0XFCQR29140DF8T4D06KYVW
biomed
However, the possibility that primary pulmonary developmental abnormalities occur with, rather than secondary to, diaphragmatic defects has been suggested by others based on a teratogenic model of CDH [49–51] and has long been suspected by clinicians who care for these patients.
developmental abnormalities
0.458333
neutral
3YLPJ8OXX8D2XK0CF8QQGPXRLGT4XK
biomed
Precocious initiation of ETS signaling in post-mitotic DRG neurons leads to abnormal DRG neuron differentiation characterized by neurotrophin-independent neurite outgrowth and inappropriate profiles of gene expression.
neuron differentiation
0.460526
neutral
3R868ACW4SC7EVTBBRGCMZA5JL0GZG
biomed
These two ETS proteins control late aspects of spinal monosynaptic circuit assembly, with Er81 directing proprioceptive sensory neuron differentiation and Pea3 directing motor neuron pool differentiation, respectively [14,15].
neuron differentiation
0.558824
neutral
378G7J1SJLY50MSFU96HNSVBP3HEW7
biomed
To analyze the physiological roles of ESG1, we identified the mouse gene on chromosome 9 and deleted it by homologous recombination in ES cells.
mouse gene
0.4625
neutral
3XDJY5RK5SLAGG6HA3F3WIYNRYC4US
biomed
Thus the same transcription factor apparently serves as an activator or repressor, depending on the target gene.
transcription factor
0.4625
neutral
3W9XHF7WGKVGU5GVVQC9Y31H56VTKG
biomed
In XX gonads or XY mutant gonads lacking Sry, Sox9, or Fgf9, the SOX9/FGF9 feed-forward loop is not established, and WNT4 gains control of the gonadal field.
gains control
0.464286
neutral
3SSN80MU8CONBMPF00D6N6MNI2JKXQ
biomed
Homozygous Cln3Δex7/8 knock-in mice exhibit a progressive JNCL-like disease, with perinatal onset of subunit c deposition in many cell types and later onset of neuronal dysfunction and behavioral deficits [12].
behavioral deficits
0.466667
neutral
30Z7M1Q8UYKRK8FLG1OPDT2YMHGA8T
biomed
BRCA2 was the second breast cancer susceptibility gene to be discovered, and was isolated through positional cloning using data from families with inherited breast cancer [4].
susceptibility gene
0.46875
neutral
33NKDW9FFXI5SODR8NW8ZN9FDTACX5
biomed
Experimental validation shows that some, but not all, predictions are accurate [24,25].
Experimental validation
0.46875
neutral
37SOB9Z0SSXMFU0J1BIJVQAY07N3LC
biomed
However, it has been noted that deletion of the Fc receptor (the primary receptor for microglial opsinization of antibody–antigen complexes) in APP transgenic mouse models has no impact on the effectiveness of antibody-mediated therapy [56,57].
primary receptor
0.470588
neutral
3Z3R5YC0P3N5EJOHUFLCIQ9CXAETFE
biomed
BRCA2 may thus promote RAD51 assembly into recombinational repair complexes via a negative regulatory mechanism (i.e. by blocking RAD51-BRCA2 interaction until damage has occurred and factors required for 'productive' assembly of RAD51 at damaged sites are in place).
regulatory mechanism
0.472222
neutral
3XH7ZM9YX2UJXUKCN4GP8FMJ6RMR97
biomed
Thus, during the evolution of vertebrates, subsequent successive duplications of the ancestral gene cluster have given rise to three TACC family members located close to FGFR genes in humans.
successive duplications
0.473684
neutral
38G0E1M85M59ATPWUZGQ58Y04I8UVT
biomed
Crx, a downstream target of Otx2, controls the transcription of various photoreceptor cell-specific genes and is essential for the formation of outer segments, synaptic terminals, and phototransduction pathways [8,10].
synaptic terminals
0.475
neutral
3LN50BUKPVBTMJ56Z9FQ8TDZ53FPLA
biomed
However, the targeted transcriptional factors directly responsible for reprogramming the fiber-specific contractile and metabolic genes remain to be identified.
metabolic genes
0.475
neutral
366FYU4PTGPE5MYY5VNEZH1G2W8EKB
biomed
In addition, pendrin expression has been found in the kidney [9], mammary gland [10], uterus [11], testes [12] and placenta [13].
mammary gland
0.475
neutral
375VMB7D4JJI7LUA9XRIGJ4IAGIDI6
biomed
Our results showed that cholesterol deficiency, caused by loss of Dhcr7 activity, did not alter lung branching morphogenesis (early gestational stages, E9.5 to E14.5).
gestational stages
0.47619
neutral
3JGHED38EDROGC85M2AZ2FOAEOD7YD
biomed
This study provides evidence that the late onset of transcription factor expression is essential for many later aspects of neuronal differentiation and circuit formation.
factor expression
0.482143
neutral
3BO3NEOQM0HK9ERYPN0GQIWCPDLAI1
biomed
Interestingly, the majority of the intervals detected are strain-specific, confirming the genetic complexity of the disease and indicating the presence of extensive heterogeneity in the genes contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.
genetic complexity
0.483333
neutral
3QTFNPMJC6IDONAXYVT7CJJ2KXMNZV
biomed
Consistent with the filter trap results presented above, there were no significant differences in SDS- or FA-soluble Aβ between the 6 mo untreated cohort and either the 6 mo + 3 mo treated or 6 mo + 6 mo treated cohorts.
untreated cohort
0.484375
neutral
32CXT5U14G3BZHTJM65GDUESTK8U8P
biomed
In contrast, the extent of amyloid pathology in mice from the 6 mo + 3 mo treated or 6 mo + 6 mo treated cohorts closely resembled that of the 6 mo untreated cohort, despite the significant age difference between the treated and untreated groups (Figures 4 and Figure S3).
untreated cohort
0.5
neutral
3YLTXLH3DF6R0NMG8O0SG1KSOM6PH3
biomed
Northern blot and immunohistochemistry analysis show the expression of Annexin A7 in all embryonic tissues from day E5 on, the earliest day studied.
embryonic tissues
0.485294
neutral
3SSN80MU8CONBMPF00D6N6MNI2IXK2
biomed
Heterozygous knockouts were normal and had normal levels of BCAA despite having approximately half of BCKDH enzymatic activity.
enzymatic activity
0.485294
neutral
38XPGNCKHT0ATVVHFTP8S40655KV47
biomed
It was also demonstrated that mutations leading to abolishment of the enzymatic activity of CLN2 were the direct cause of a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease, classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis [2].
enzymatic activity
0.625
difficult
3RWO3EJELH9GWC126ZX7OE4L7XB1PH
biomed
In order to generate a DsRed variant that may be amenable to use in ES cells and mice, we recently introduced various sequences that direct nuclear localization to the DsRed coding region.
coding region
0.485294
neutral
3JYPJ2TAYI87MRVADYCSDG8F87TFPV
biomed
These results, together with the altered pattern of gene expression seen in our Bmpr1a-deficient mice, suggest that BMPR1A signaling may normally act to stimulate SOX9 by post-translational protein modification, or to induce L-Sox5 or Sox6 in cartilage to maintain expression of ECM components.
protein modification
0.485294
neutral
3MWOYZD5WVO1PJWQWMIQWLCY0TJNOT
biomed
Nevertheless it might interact with other components and have a role in organizing the membrane cytoskeleton, controlling raft protein associations or influencing the ionic strength of red blood cells on its own or by interfering with other signaling pathways.
ionic strength
0.485294
neutral
3IZPORCT1F9CC02VLG4HLWK7P4URHX
biomed
In conclusion, we have found that sensitivity to the bitter-tasting substance quinine, as assayed by a taste specific brief-access test, is a polygenic trait in mice.
polygenic trait
0.486111
neutral
3MIVREZQVHY32PO3EMIETYQULZWQKZ
biomed
We have investigated the embryonic processes that require huntingtin in order to more precisely delineate huntingtin's essential molecular and cellular activities and to provide clues to the mechanism by which the dominant polyglutamine expansion mutation in huntingtin leads to HD pathogenesis.
embryonic processes
0.5
neutral
371DNNCG442WZ4EUM1F68YSQA61T8X
biomed
Glutathione efficiently complexes cadmium (78) and scavenges free radicals and other reactive oxygen species directly, and indirectly via enzymatic reactions (45).
free radicals
0.5
neutral
3P4C70TRMRHN96C7WQP3EKZ74CSLG2
biomed
A fourth gene involved in glucose metabolism, glucokinase regulatory protein (Gckr), was found to be increased in three out of three microarrays at P21 but was not tested by in situ hybridization (Table S4).
fourth gene
0.5
neutral
3VMV5CHJZ8FBSJKC5ZRU0B9OYPEGT0
biomed
Although these genetic studies now implicate the need for normal cholesterol synthesis, the mechanistic role(s) of cholesterol in normal embryonic development remains to be clarified.
cholesterol synthesis
0.5
neutral
3421H3BM9AH2Z61ZFZ7G6O0SWASJ97
biomed
The unique 86 amino acid c-terminal tail lacks the lysosomal targeting signal and does not contain any conserved domains when compared against the current profile databases.
targeting signal
0.5
neutral
3BPP3MA3TCKPPSGGQVZFEHEVRWDLEL
biomed
The failure to maintain articular cartilage in the absence of normal BMPR1A function suggests that ligands or small molecule agonists that interact specifically with this receptor subtype may be particularly good candidates for designing new approaches to maintain or heal articular cartilage at postnatal stages.
receptor subtype
0.5
neutral
3TZDZ3Y0JS6V4PLVPA1A2O462TS91T
biomed
Although individual genes code for each dopamine receptor subtype, there is considerable pharmacological overlap between D1-like and D2-like receptors.
receptor subtype
0.59375
neutral
36KM3FWE3RCRJHCKEUZQANUQ2BY075
biomed
One further point worthy of note is the striking similarity between the hybrid photoreceptor identified in this study and a naturally occurring photoreceptor found in ground squirrels.
striking similarity
0.5
neutral
36GJS3V78VQHEGO7T5DQY5MF0NNJGY
biomed
Expression has been found in the inner ear and thyroid gland consistent with the clinical signs of deafness and goiter [2,3,8].
thyroid gland
0.5
neutral
3GS542CVJVNUS7MEQX3M5EHNE9X95B
biomed
A discontinuity of this complex junction in Slc26a4-/- mice would explain the absence of the endocochlear potential.
complex junction
0.5
neutral
3NZ1E5QA6Z1DG01BOHHIWKCD2905BH
biomed
While several transcriptional regulatory proteins have been associated with cell fate determination of bone marrow mesenchymal cells, including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and KLF5 [25–30], the role of RNA binding proteins in this process remains unknown.
regulatory proteins
0.5
neutral
3BDORL6HKKDLVSRFZOQGA5NRCCPCR9
biomed
BCKDH is also associated with two regulatory proteins, a specific kinase and a phosphatase which regulate the activity of this enzyme through a phosphorylation (inactivation) and dephosphorylation (activation) cycle of the E1 α subunit [5,6].
regulatory proteins
0.55
neutral
3LN3BXKGC0V3K0O604W5NVGN2JWGWQ
biomed
Using this approach, several studies have independently shown that the NC-specific deletion of the Tgfbr2 gene leads to a distinct set of calvarial, facial and cardiac defects [8,9,20,29].
distinct set
0.5
neutral
35O6H0UNLSGJYJZNC9UZU8VQAE95J2
biomed
Traditionally, congenic strains are developed by introgressing QTL alleles from a donor strain, whose boundaries are defined by genetic markers, on the genetic background of a recipient strain via 10 backcrosses [4].
donor strain
0.5
neutral
3DTJ4WT8BDF9UHXK5WQOMWPT65LEZX
biomed
The long term retention of afferents in the cochlear apex in the absence of any apparent differentiation of hair cells raises hopes for cochlear implants in deaf-born children.
term retention
0.5
neutral
3UDTAB6HH6ZVX00DTRXAOJLWX1M90Q
biomed
The findings of Caohuy et al. [37] that annexin A7 mediates membrane aggregation also suggested that annexin A7 is an essential component during vesiculation.
membrane aggregation
0.5
neutral
3FVBZG9CLJEOC6IWR3L210JKGEUH0O
biomed
Thus, our observations provide unexpected starting-points in the search for huntingtin's precise molecular activities, which began with the discovery that this HEAT domain protein hosts the dominant polyglutamine property that is the fundamental basis of HD pathogenesis.
fundamental basis
0.5
neutral
3KQC8JMJGCSKTYHTAQ3L3YHRJQEH3J
biomed
Subsequently, CNS apoptosis was shown to be an indirect result of placental defects and probable hypoxia [12–14].
placental defects
0.5
neutral
3O71U79SRBPA5T3JR2KZ3BXZSSCMSP
biomed
ET, NM, MI, TO and KY contributed to the generation of knockout mice.
knockout mice
0.5
neutral
33KGGVH24UHL5L3TSQ7OIRQO9WK1X5
biomed
Our data indicate that DRG neurons undergo a temporal change in their competence to respond to ETS transcription factor signaling, as assessed by changes in gene expression and axonal target invasion (Figure 9).
factor signaling
0.5
neutral
3D0LPO3EABZV1I043OR1D1A54DNYOU
biomed
From the characterization studies completed thus far, the null mutation mouse accurately represents a model of classic MSUD and appears to be a faithful model of the human disease with respect to several biochemical phenotypes [1].
mutation mouse
0.5
neutral
32TMVRKDGNYCIJZ470EY0QGYU7L48D
biomed
For example, in a previous study, we carried out a genome screen to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is a widely used animal model of RA.
genome screen
0.5
neutral
34ZTTGSNJXOC0ZNV81FHG6A2TISHQM
biomed
Based upon classical N-glycosylation maturation it would appear that Abcg5/sterolin-1, in the Abcg8-/- mice, does not exit the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum
0.513158
neutral
3MYASTQBG7BVOJITM5WRPLV41QZDQ9
biomed
Itpr1 is coupled to Ca2+ channels and facilitates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum after binding by the intracellular second messenger inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [9].
endoplasmic reticulum
0.733333
difficult
3M7OI89LVYOS99TV70NIZAWVGPBC6B
biomed
Moreover, the ablation of GluR-B, but also changes in the extent of Q/R site editing of GluR-B, can alter the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission in the genetically addressed neuronal populations [51,58,60], thus potentially shifting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the affected circuits.
neuronal populations
0.513889
neutral
309D674SHZLYFLAQ3R4QAQINUQMCBW
biomed
Transgenic expression of APPswe/ind and consequent overproduction of Aβ42 cause early-onset amyloid deposition in untreated mice, in which deposits appear as early as 2 mo of age.
consequent overproduction
0.514706
neutral
3BAKUKE49HC18PHHJR1WT9408FYR1Y
biomed
Indirect support for this idea is provided by the observation that Fabp7 is up-regulated by microarray analysis in Nrl and Crx mutant retinas as well (unpublished data), suggesting that this change may represent a generalized response to injury in the retina rather than derepression of a cone-enriched gene.
mutant retinas
0.515625
neutral
38B7Q9C28G5QBBMSVGDRXKVNA4896R
biomed
Indeed, organogenesis generally proceeded without detectable abnormality, with few exceptions.
detectable abnormality
0.515625
neutral
3DIIW4IV8PV57PBHGMQPDFACX3PI4Y
biomed
However, computational prediction of the location of 5' upstream exons and the extent of the 3' UTR from genomic sequence has been extremely difficult.
computational prediction
0.515625
neutral
3OEWW2KGQJBS375D7S4N0G04MPHDO1
biomed
We biochemically measured the amount of aggregated Aβ in the brains of our mice before and after transgene suppression using filter trap analysis of cortical tissue from each animal.
cortical tissue
0.52381
neutral
3XWUWJ18TLQ9XE0WP96L9MWHQBZUU4
biomed
Altogether, our findings suggest a role for NT-3 in initiation of muscle innervation and spindle differentiation by the proprioceptive axons.
spindle differentiation
0.525
neutral
3WRKFXQBOB7L5WP15TEWT4EJS4OIYJ
biomed
However, no defects in axon pathfinding along the monosynaptic reflex arc or in muscle spindle differentiation have been noted in PV KO mice, which develop normally and show no apparent changes in their behavior or physical activity (Schwaller et al. 1999).
spindle differentiation
0.785714
difficult
3SCKNODZ0XGU4D4RF01OLZQ3A48N72
biomed
In these instances, only a few null embryos are ever observed and homozygous mutant ES cells could not be isolated.
null embryos
0.525
neutral
31KPKEKW4ADELTFARBB6FPGML1P0BR
biomed
This impairment may also explain the failure of huntingtin deficient embryos to properly restrict the expression of Fgf8, Nodal and Gsc.
deficient embryos
0.525
neutral
3IZPORCT1F9CC02VLG4HLWK7P4UHRN
biomed
Based on the theory that Sertoli cells initiate all downstream testicular differentiation, this might imply that Sertoli differentiation had been initiated in Wnt4 −/− XX gonads.
testicular differentiation
0.526316
neutral
3WJGKMRWVI9RUI8AHNVW5G6NXBYCD3
biomed
In the case of Csrp1, expression analyses and DNA-binding studies indicate that MTF-1 is required for cadmium induction by binding to an MRE upstream of the transcription start.
cadmium induction
0.526316
neutral
385MDVINFCFDB2E78AH8K883UBDJWX
biomed
To test the hypothesis that a temporal delay in the onset of transcriptional programs is crucial for the control of appropriate neuronal maturation, we studied the development of proprioceptive DRG neurons, since transcriptional effectors regulated by target-derived signals, as well as some of their downstream biological actions, have been identified for these neurons.
neuronal maturation
0.526316
neutral
3BPP3MA3TCKPPSGGQVZFEHEVRWDELE
biomed
The involvement of target-derived signals in induction of ETS transcription factor expression raises the question of the necessity for the observed delay in the onset of ETS signaling for neuronal maturation.
neuronal maturation
0.546875
neutral
3XDSWAMB22SLJRCFM91G5FDMGQNQCM
biomed
Our findings reveal that target-triggered inductive signals provide an effective means of ensuring the late onset of expression of transcription factors, and thus an orderly temporal transcriptional sequence that is crucial for neuronal maturation and circuit assembly.
neuronal maturation
0.588235
neutral
3QI9WAYOGQB8GQIR4MDIEF0D2SX6SZ
biomed
First, these genes are evolutionarily conserved in many phylogenetically divergent species; Second, multiple genes are present in a species; Third, these genes are ubiquitously expressed throughout development and adult tissues (unpublished data).
divergent species
0.527778
neutral
38DCH97KHH28R5ILW1I2SJQH6AWQJ0
biomed
LCAD−/− mice show more spontaneous deaths and gestational losses than the other deficiencies [21].
gestational losses
0.527778
neutral
3XH7ZM9YX2UJXUKCN4GP8FMJ6RM9RP
biomed
However, our findings indicate that the coactivator PGC-1α serves a critical role in the normal metabolic function of multiple organs and for appropriate adaptation to physiologic stress during postnatal life.
appropriate adaptation
0.527778
neutral
3UUIU9GZC55DCMVSO383WEIZ8G05T7
biomed
Positional cloning analysis identified Fog2 (Zfpm2) as a likely candidate, and DNA sequencing revealed a mutation in a splice donor site that generates an abnormal transcript encoding a truncated protein.
abnormal transcript
0.529412
neutral
391JB9X4ZY8CHAQBMTBXCP6PBYZKM6
biomed
Marginal cells appeared to form a continuous layer.
Marginal cells
0.529412
neutral
3OYHVNTV5TY0HDBNZ9QA4TVU6YEKOL
biomed
This transgene expresses cre very early in limb development, resulting in complete recombination of floxed alleles at early limb bud stages.
complete recombination
0.529412
neutral
3XU80RHWHZGBZIC2VXOLJE0TSLP446
biomed
In the rodent retina, the production of specific cell types during development progresses in a general order [1,2].
rodent retina
0.529412
neutral
3PMR2DOWOO1TV1G2927VO667SHK45B
biomed
Data from a number of previous studies also show that different olfactory receptor genes, or even copies of the same olfactory receptor transgene in different genomic locations are expressed in different numbers of cells [14,18,35], but do not address the issue of transcript level per cell.
genomic locations
0.529412
neutral
3TKXBROM5TAVA7U2JTDTJHZVF0FIJP
biomed
Similar conclusions may apply to other gene-targeted animals carrying mutations of genes mapped in the 129-derived susceptibility allele on Chromosome 7 (O'Keefe et al. 1996, 1999).
susceptibility allele
0.529412
neutral
3P7RGTLO6EDBF9HMPQLS3YBPHHAKAM
biomed
These data also demonstrate that genome-wide SNP assay can facilitate rapid detection of structural genomic mutations that may underlie disease.
genomic mutations
0.529412
neutral
33CLA8O0MIBSY4BPQQGHIB8U9PHFRN
biomed
To protect themselves from free radical damage, intermediate cells generate glutathione and melanin pigment [34-37].
melanin pigment
0.53125
neutral
3NSCTNUR2ZN8XQWJI3HM19S7KRFA5R
biomed
Both PGC-1α-deficient lines exhibit cold intolerance, reduced hepatocyte respiration rates, and neurologic lesions.
neurologic lesions
0.53125
neutral
38RHULDV9YFHGRU1QSW887T3HWOIWK
biomed
This subset of pluripotent neural crest stem cells forms in the dorsal aspect of the neural tube at the level of the mid-otic placode to the third somite [1].
neural tube
0.53125
neutral
3B286OTISEHG4PB475LG2JBC2SAAJD
biomed
It is not likely that merely the concentration of these components explains the increased rebleeding time and reduced arterial occlusion time in the A/J mice.
occlusion time
0.533333
neutral
3LOJFQ4BOXF9DGKY90CUTZJV2K7DKH
biomed
The genes may interact with components in the Plg network and modulate arterial occlusion time.
occlusion time
0.642857
difficult
3T8DUCXY0N6WD9X4RTLK8UN1UCJT9M
biomed
The defining feature of all PAX proteins is the presence of a 128 amino acid DNA-binding paired domain that has been highly conserved over evolution [1].
paired domain
0.533333
neutral
3RDTX9JRTY19FB0XEQIJ3YVJ5FS97Q
biomed
In addition, we could not detect full-length or smaller PGC-1α proteins by Western blotting.
Western blotting
0.533333
neutral
3Q9SPIIRWJM2A9B3E44VR95K4OJAW8
biomed
Olfactory receptors were originally identified in an elegant experiment based on the hypothesis that they would be seven-transmembrane-domain proteins encoded by a large, diverse gene family whose expression is restricted to the olfactory epithelium [3].
Olfactory receptors
0.535714
neutral
3X7837UUADYFHNZ1HS44ME9Q69K6JJ
biomed
Polymorphisms and mutations in coagulation factors, fibrinolytic factors, platelet surface receptors, methylenetetrahydrofalate reductase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and antioxidant enzymes have been implicated as genetic determinants of susceptibility to thrombosis [6,7].
antioxidant enzymes
0.535714
neutral
3EFNPKWBMSO9IYBXCIW0X6IAX9C030
biomed
Finally, RanBP2 appears to join other nucleoporins, such as Nup96 [58], in novel physiological functions that are vital for complex organisms and that were not anticipated from cell-based studies.
physiological functions
0.539474
neutral