id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 22 724 | token stringlengths 8 29 | complexity float64 0.03 0.98 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30UZJB2POHC8D5XY9O2CE1E1EHN53Q | biomed | To determine the physiological functions of ADAM11, we generated and analysed Adam11 gene-targeted mice. | physiological functions | 0.541667 | neutral |
3NQUW096N688UWPZIKJTM3DK0ZX9LZ | biomed | Elimination of TrkA receptor signaling in Bax mutant mice perturbs establishment of peripheral projections of cutaneous afferents, whereas establishment of central projections does not appear to be affected [8]. | receptor signaling | 0.541667 | neutral |
3TFJJUELSHP4R8AUKYBF9XFJ0K92CK | biomed | Lastly, forced expression of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice triggers mitochondrial proliferation and the formation of mitochondrial-rich type I, oxidative (“slow-twitch”) muscle fibers [17]. | mitochondrial proliferation | 0.541667 | neutral |
33NKDW9FFXI5SODR8NW8ZN9FDT9XCP | biomed | Whereas annexin A2 is tightly associated with endosomes and may have functions in membrane fusion and the endosomal pathway, annexin A7 distributes with plasma membrane raft domains of different types and densities. | membrane fusion | 0.541667 | neutral |
3EQVJH0T40LPSFFNP59CLBLPDPRHT0 | biomed | Neuronal differentiation is a protracted process during which newly generated neurons express distinct cellular and molecular programs at precise times during their maturation: long-distance axon outgrowth, subsequent terminal branching, and finally synaptogenesis. | Neuronal differentiation | 0.541667 | neutral |
3OQQD2WO8I6KPTSDG8L63AI6J3T3IY | biomed | The persistence and stability of amyloid deposits in our system is unexpected given the speed with which Aβ aggregates are cleared in other mouse models of therapeutic intervention. | therapeutic intervention | 0.544118 | neutral |
3M67TQBQQHORYDYVLTU3DPX96NYA9I | biomed | Here we identified mouse mr-s, which is predominantly expressed in retinal photoreceptors and the pineal gland. | pineal gland | 0.544118 | neutral |
37G6BXQPLQL0GPWTI07BV3DP120QEF | biomed | We find that suppression of transgenic APP by more than 95% abruptly halts the progression of amyloid pathology. | transgenic APP | 0.544118 | neutral |
3K1H3NEY7LZ4BUOFJ9RFV7R2V3QGDH | biomed | Previous genomic library screening by identified genomic clones containing the mouse ESG1 gene and seven pseudogenes [17]. | genomic clones | 0.544118 | neutral |
3OKP4QVBP2X6DNL3ZZ0D56JWA0TGAF | biomed | Although we have tried to monitor the expression of L-Sox5 or Sox6 in postnatal articular cartilage, and test the phosphorylation state of SOX9 using previously described reagents (Lefebvre et al. 1998; Huang et al. 2000), we have been unable to obtain specific signal at the late postnatal stages required (unpublished data). | articular cartilage | 0.544118 | neutral |
3QGHA0EA0J07TJGVKI4RMKPQM64BW4 | biomed | In Gdf5-Cre/Bmpr1afloxP mice, articular cartilage initially forms normally, but subsequently loses expression of several key cartilage markers after birth. | articular cartilage | 0.578947 | neutral |
3UZUVSO3P7V9VAY1Q70UEUTKR13EMG | biomed | Although BMPs were originally isolated on the basis of their ability to induce ectopic bone formation, their presence in articular cartilage and strong effect on cartilage formation has stimulated interest in using them to repair or regenerate cartilage defects in adult animals (Chang et al. 1994; Erlacher et al. 1998; Edwards and Francis-West 2001; Chubinskaya and Kuettner 2003). | articular cartilage | 0.6 | difficult |
307L9TDWJYSC3U34DOYY8IEN52N3NE | biomed | Therefore, BMPR1A appears to maintain articular cartilage primarily through inducing expression of key ECM components. | articular cartilage | 0.625 | difficult |
3JTPR5MTZSCE9355UUUBVNV3P39K5G | biomed | PHD domains are found in diverse proteins, including transcription factors, and have been implicated in chromatin remodeling and protein-protein interactions [8]. | diverse proteins | 0.546875 | neutral |
31MCUE39BKM6T2MIQKL3IY5Q4Q13G6 | biomed | Genetic disruption of the Dhcr7 results in neonatal lethality [16]. | neonatal lethality | 0.547619 | neutral |
3A520CCNWN08T9PCT4AP53YKXKEEAW | biomed | Ablation of Ptdsr function results in neonatal lethality and severe defects in the morphogenesis of several organs. | neonatal lethality | 0.589286 | neutral |
386659BNTLHD8VXIPEIH9D3DZPY109 | biomed | We show that expression of a human E2 transgene in the liver of these knockout mice is able to rescue the neonatal lethality. | neonatal lethality | 0.617647 | difficult |
3NKW03WTLM7UXPIK301HH9KP865QWV | biomed | To conditionally inactivate Bmp2 and Bmp4 in the limb, we used a well-characterized transgene in which cre-recombinase is expressed under the control of the Prx1 limb enhancer [32]. | limb enhancer | 0.55 | neutral |
31ANT7FQN82N7D4XO9REIVFBXM55HX | biomed | BMP activity also plays an indirect role in limb patterning as a key component of a feedback loop between SHH production in the posterior limb bud and fibroblast growth factor production in the overlying apical ectodermal ridge (AER). | factor production | 0.55 | neutral |
3ZTE0JGGCESIYFZZ7W9CGAIM1P5OCC | biomed | While our knowledge of the assembly and nature of recombination machinery is extensive, little is known about the disassembly of recombination intermediates, recruitment of DNA replication machinery during recombinational repair, and how the choice between different repair pathways is made. | replication machinery | 0.55 | neutral |
3VMV5CHJZ8FBSJKC5ZRU0B9OYPETGD | biomed | Target-derived factors have also been implicated in controlling neuronal maturation of predetermined neurons in Drosophila, in which expression of members of the BMP family in the target region is essential for the induction of mature peptidergic properties in a subpopulation of neurons marked by the coordinate expression of the two transcription factors Apterous and Squeeze [11,12]. | predetermined neurons | 0.55 | neutral |
3UAU495MIISEK9GZTNUCAG4S8PCOUM | biomed | Although a mechanistic understanding of why a deficiency in cholesterol biosynthesis leads to abnormal embryonic development is lacking, a frequently advanced explanation has been that Shh signaling, involved in early developmental patterning, may be disrupted. | mechanistic understanding | 0.55 | neutral |
37Y5RYYI0P5LZ52N59M8ESDXZWVXSJ | biomed | Although such “mosaic” expression is usually undesired, here we took advantage of it by ablating GluR-B via gene-targeted, floxed GluR-B alleles with the help of a transgenic mouse line with variegated Cre expression in forebrain. | mouse line | 0.555556 | neutral |
3URJ6VVYUPNF3BMKEH3UXC6Y9COO4Z | biomed | In general it seems that the nuclear localization of the annexins is actively regulated. | nuclear localization | 0.558824 | neutral |
33QQ60S6ASITHSOGR2S1KF8AAMWU02 | biomed | Finally, in a fourth model, transcriptional activity at one stochastically chosen olfactory receptor allele might send negative feedback to repress activity of all other olfactory receptors and/or positive feedback to enhance its own expression. | receptor allele | 0.558824 | neutral |
3HUR21WDDUPIVREW4FEXWE1YGHSYXZ | biomed | Furthermore, null mutations in L-Sox5 or Sox-6 cause lethality at or soon after birth, and no effect on cartilage maintenance has been reported (Smits et al. 2001). | null mutations | 0.558824 | neutral |
3TCFMTM8HEOK450W41MVS1WSWNI12T | biomed | Previously noted chemoattractant action of the embryonic mouse maxillary process on trigeminal ganglion neurons (Lumsden and Davies 1986) is now attributed to NT-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (O'Connor et al. 1999). | maxillary process | 0.558824 | neutral |
3AA88CN98P3CBRFP5WZ86KTWK8DKYW | biomed | Moreover, to delineate the brain areas involved in these distinctive olfactory processes we used transgenic “rescue” of GluR-B ablation, specifically in piriform cortex and hippocampus. | olfactory processes | 0.558824 | neutral |
3Z3R5YC0P3N5EJOHUFLCIQ9CXAEFT0 | biomed | This QTL maps to the same chromosomal position as a previously identified QTL for quinine intake, Qui [16,28], indicating that taste is the major factor in regulating quinine aversion. | chromosomal position | 0.558824 | neutral |
30Z7M1Q8UYKRK8FLG1OPDT2YMHG8AR | biomed | We note that several apparently highly expressed olfactory receptors (gene A, this study, and MOR10 and MOR28 [36]) are expressed in zone 4 of the olfactory epithelium. | olfactory receptors | 0.559524 | neutral |
3E9ZFLPWOYSW5RZR0XSUAQ7AQYTXIR | biomed | Exceptions to this stereotyped structure have been described for some human olfactory receptors, but are thought to be rare [25-27]. | olfactory receptors | 0.597222 | neutral |
341H3G5YF0EA3RIQXPR917NPC4B0ZX | biomed | Results of our cDNA library screen suggested that some olfactory receptors are expressed at significantly higher levels than others. | olfactory receptors | 0.625 | difficult |
3GITHABACYLNIC7L9OKTP89VZONN2N | biomed | Alternatively, the unusual transcriptional regulation of olfactory receptors might ensure that only one splice isoform is expressed per cell (unlikely, but possible if an RNA-based feedback mechanism operates), thus condemning cells expressing these aberrant isoforms to be dysfunctional. | olfactory receptors | 0.725 | difficult |
3P888QFVX3UMSG9ICEA70F73546OQH | biomed | In addition to colorectal neoplams, these individuals can develop extracolonic symptoms, among which are upper gastrointestinal tract polyps, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, desmoid tumors, disorders of the maxillary and skeletal bones, and dental abnormalities [6], suggesting the importance of APC gene functions in these organ systems. | pigment epithelium | 0.5625 | neutral |
3LVTFB9DE5IY03SKOVXZV6Y1EIFGQM | biomed | As well as colorectal polyps, these individuals can develop extracolonic symptoms, among which are upper gastrointestinal tract polyps, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, desmoid tumors, disorders of the maxillary and skeletal bones, and dental abnormalities [6]. | pigment epithelium | 0.676471 | difficult |
3UL5XDRDNCJUE234L5X85IMCU3F58I | biomed | Clot formation and lysis, which ultimately determine thrombosis, requires platelet aggregation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic functions. | platelet aggregation | 0.565789 | neutral |
3ZICQFRS31I75COG1J4176QBUBTZZN | biomed | We conclude that reduced hepatocyte mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and possibly activation of lipogenic programs, result in hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in the context of increased hepatic delivery of fatty acids such as occurs with fasting. | triglyceride accumulation | 0.565789 | neutral |
3JTPR5MTZSCE9355UUUBVNV3P38K5F | biomed | Prior to migration onto the diaphragm, they populate the PPF, a wedge-shaped tissue that tapers medially from the lateral body wall to the esophageal mesentery and fuses ventrally with the septum transversum [42]. | esophageal mesentery | 0.565789 | neutral |
3XEDXEGFX3OFEWJ4XOOZESZC8VYK0V | biomed | Such contrast enhancement may rest in large part on the particular properties of dendrodendritic synapses between the principal output neurons (mitral cells) and local inhibitory neurons (granule cells) of the olfactory bulb. | olfactory bulb | 0.565789 | neutral |
391JB9X4ZY8CHAQBMTBXCP6PBYZMK8 | biomed | Recent electrophysiological data demonstrate that dopamine D2R's are located on glutamatergic terminal axons of olfactory nerves and depress excitatory input of the olfactory nerve to the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb [30,31]. | olfactory bulb | 0.644737 | difficult |
3ATYLI1PRT256T55HOQY3EVHR9EOJQ | biomed | Battenin immunostaining in homozygous CbCln3Δex7/8 neuronal precursors is significantly reduced in abundance, but mutant signal also co-localizes with endosomal markers suggesting mutant battenin protein with C-terminal epitopes is trafficked similar to wild-type protein. | neuronal precursors | 0.566667 | neutral |
3OYHVNTV5TY0HDBNZ9QA4TVU6YEOKP | biomed | Strial hyperpigmentation has also been observed in other conditions that are associated with free radical stress, such as acoustic trauma [37]. | acoustic trauma | 0.566667 | neutral |
3YGYP1364194MWO6OEZUQGH3BG3NR2 | biomed | A second study in Drosophila examined the effects of Pygo mutation on cuticle patterning, midgut constriction, central nervous system, and cardiac development, and concluded that "Pygo is an essential component in the Wg signal transduction pathway". | cuticle patterning | 0.566667 | neutral |
3PUV2Q8SV448KDG43NZ1UW05FQYBDV | biomed | Furthermore, MTF-1 has an essential function during embryogenesis: targeted disruption of Mtf1 results in embryonic lethality around 14 days post coitum due to hepatocyte necrosis (23). | embryonic lethality | 0.566667 | neutral |
3YOAVL4CA0HR2F0RGQEBDAD2TGR4ZH | biomed | However, mutations in Bmp2 or Bmp4 cause early embryonic lethality, making it difficult to test their role in joint formation (Winnier et al. 1995; Zhang and Bradley 1996). | embryonic lethality | 0.569444 | neutral |
3OLZC0DJ8JF412UW0IRCM5APANLVIM | biomed | Although no embryonic lethality was noted, these knockout pups exhibited a number of developmental abnormalities and died within 24 h after birth. | embryonic lethality | 0.597222 | neutral |
3XJOUITW8UR258EQ8VW6UPDQ4CNTQ8 | biomed | To gain more insights into the effects of Apc loss in tissues other than gastrointestinal tract during life of animals and to circumvent the embryonic lethality associated with Apc nullizygosity, we created a mouse strain carrying a conditional allele of Apc (ApcCKO) in which exon 14 of the Apc is flanked by loxP sequences. | embryonic lethality | 0.625 | difficult |
372AGES0I459YQ2AQKM3OI81DUDRXQ | biomed | Two independent laboratories observed embryonic lethality in Capn4 knockout mice, albeit at different stages of development [31,32]. | embryonic lethality | 0.777778 | difficult |
31JUPBOORN48GR6PDSDFM7I9GTF8L9 | biomed | Likewise, conditional knockout of BmpR1A and BmpR1B blocks all chondrogenic differentiation in the mouse limb bud [26]. | conditional knockout | 0.566667 | neutral |
3IH9TRB0FBZOFQEYT47NFH39LJG1I5 | biomed | Beaded filament mRNA levels increase greatly in differentiating lens epithelial cells, and have been suggested as a pan-specific marker for lens fiber cells [17]. | epithelial cells | 0.569444 | neutral |
36FFXPMST9O9FNAFTONDR1F2EHAOHL | biomed | In a recent paper, Mangrivite et al. showed that the apical sorting of rat SPNT in polarized renal epithelial cells was independent of N-glycosylation [45]. | epithelial cells | 0.775 | difficult |
359AP8GAGGKBD970QASA5OWRB0VC7A | biomed | At least 60 other genes also lie within this interval, including two genes that encode proline-rich salivary proteins, Prp2 and Prh1; these proteins appear to play no direct role in bitter taste [48]. | salivary proteins | 0.569444 | neutral |
388FBO7JZRTDJX0S29ROYCA0E3INY4 | biomed | These reports challenge the original hypothesis, according to which Ptdsr is an exclusively transmembrane receptor for apoptotic cell recognition and anti-inflammatory signaling. | transmembrane receptor | 0.571429 | neutral |
31N9JPQXIPIRX2A3S9N0CCFXO75NH5 | biomed | We have investigated the embryonic processes that require huntingtin in order to more precisely delineate huntingtin's essential molecular and cellular activities and to provide clues to the mechanism by which the dominant polyglutamine expansion mutation in huntingtin leads to HD pathogenesis. | expansion mutation | 0.571429 | neutral |
34XASH8KLQMDS1NRZLG586SO585MP9 | biomed | Histological characterization of double transgenic (CaMKIIα-tTA × tet-APPswe/ind) mice revealed early-onset amyloid formation in all four new lines. | Histological characterization | 0.573529 | neutral |
3T6SSHJUZFAZFWAW1BST7GKV2LQIID | biomed | In general, such recessive alleles, when visualized immunocytochemically, fail to localize to AVP-responsive vesicles. | recessive alleles | 0.573529 | neutral |
301KG0KX9CLV8GLA6QPGKOCZDCEH28 | biomed | In the absence of a dominant (wild-type [wt]) allele, genetic interactions between recessive alleles (referred to here as “biallelic” effects) could result in different phenotypic outcomes including interallelic complementation. | recessive alleles | 0.616667 | difficult |
3P6ENY9P79WZJ1ZCVTA874JG28BHIJ | biomed | The significance of this is not clear, although preliminary SDS-PAGE analyses of all the fractions failed to reveal any differences between wild-type and knockout samples. | knockout samples | 0.575 | neutral |
3JU8CV4BRLC1S483C1VI0AHT08KOPQ | biomed | In Alk5 mutants there is very little, if any, detectable septal mesenchyme present, and thus it could be argued that in these mutants OFT rotation fails due to a lack of penetration of septal prongs into the cushion mesenchyme. | septal prongs | 0.575 | neutral |
356TQKY9XFX916HN9YC53208L9A78Z | biomed | Crx-/- photoreceptors demonstrate a complete block in outer segment formation at the elongation stage. | elongation stage | 0.583333 | neutral |
3S8A4GJRD33O8IZVYHINP2KK1WR6V4 | biomed | We therefore constructed a conditional allele of Bmp2, introducing loxP sites flanking exon 3. | conditional allele | 0.583333 | neutral |
32L724R85LKRWIX0E6IDGDL7OZLIPP | biomed | The homozygous mice for the conditional allele are viable and indistinguishable to the normal mice, allowing us to study the roles of Apc in a tissue- and temporal-specific manner. | conditional allele | 0.5875 | neutral |
3THR0FZ95PTB1JT5K92BJT89VYJOLS | biomed | To gain more insights into the effects of Apc loss in tissues other than gastrointestinal tract during life of animals and to circumvent the embryonic lethality associated with Apc nullizygosity, we created a mouse strain carrying a conditional allele of Apc (ApcCKO) in which exon 14 of the Apc is flanked by loxP sequences. | conditional allele | 0.6 | difficult |
3M4KL7H8KVN8M6JXR3YYIED4CSK61F | biomed | Since the possible new locus of potential interest on chromosome 1 was of suggestive significance, and since the locus identified on chromosome 13 probably is Cia28, we are now paying special attention to the significant QTL for CIA incidence detected at 60–70 cM on chromosome 11 (denoted Cia40). | suggestive significance | 0.583333 | neutral |
3N7PQ0KLI5P89OQRKPVFIVKERAME30 | biomed | The best studied of these genes, Dmrt1, is expressed in the differentiating male genital ridges and adult testis of mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles, and a recently duplicated Dmrt1 gene functions as the Y-linked testis-determining gene in the Medaka fish [25–29]. | genital ridges | 0.583333 | neutral |
3LOJFQ4BOXF9DGKY90CUTZJV2K6KDN | biomed | The molecular mechanism by which the new property that is conferred on huntingtin by the polyglutamine expansion leads to the hallmark loss of striatal neurons in HD is not known. | hallmark loss | 0.583333 | neutral |
3IHWR4LC7DD6QQYJSPG2URQHZPL8IV | biomed | Of the 29 BXD RI lines examined, there was no apparent recombination event within the chromosome 6 Tas2r cluster. | recombination event | 0.583333 | neutral |
33K3E8REWWV3GLNERBG3X1DWN2P8XV | biomed | In the past decade, the story has been further complicated by the discovery of a number of previously unknown isoforms which may be differently regulated and have different substrate specificity. | substrate specificity | 0.583333 | neutral |
3J9UN9O9J3SK3CDMF3ONDDZZT6YJ0V | biomed | The μ-80 k and m-80 k subunits share 62% amino acid sequence identity, and are very similar in terms of structure, protein chemistry, and in vitro substrate specificity. | substrate specificity | 0.588235 | neutral |
3OEWW2KGQJBS375D7S4N0G04MPHODC | biomed | By 54 wks of age, alphaA/BKO lenses exhibited dense cortical and nuclear cataracts (Figure 1C). | nuclear cataracts | 0.583333 | neutral |
3NOEP8XAU42OMDMVDSIEJN8MCCOPXV | biomed | Based on our findings we propose that cells in the mammalian gonad are balanced between two competing cell fates by counterbalanced signaling pathways, Fgf9, expressed near the coelomic surface, and Wnt4, expressed near the mesonephric border ( Figure 7). | mammalian gonad | 0.5875 | neutral |
30IRMPJWDZJ3EQ33R17EYO0ZHLYRK1 | biomed | CIA = collagen-induced arthritis; CII = collagen type II; LOD = logarithm of the odds; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; QTL = quantitative trait locus; RA = rheumatoid arthritis. | collagen type | 0.588235 | neutral |
3L21G7IH47WA5QT3XMTQ15XXB2CY16 | biomed | However, this study does not support the concept that the perturbation of Shh-Patched-Gli pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of developmental lung hypoplasia in Dhcr7-/- embryos. | lung hypoplasia | 0.588235 | neutral |
3CKVGCS3PG5D2FWC2XX15EQMPPB0SS | biomed | Therefore, the gene within the small-effect QTL could affect CIA severity through controlling arthritis-related phenotypes. | CIA severity | 0.588235 | neutral |
31J7RYECZLQQ5RM4E7407XV12N9L12 | biomed | Cytoplasmic galectin-3 correlates with tumor progression and protects mitochondrial integrity. | mitochondrial integrity | 0.588235 | neutral |
386T3MLZLNVVJVH3OZRWONQLDV408S | biomed | While the detected OFT phenotype in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants shared many similarities with that seen in the chick NC ablation models, e.g., PTA and the hypoplastic aortic sac, our current results suggest that the secondary heart field is not severely affected in Alk5 mutants (data not shown). | OFT phenotype | 0.588235 | neutral |
3CMV9YRYP31X08284WA6BXRNW49JL4 | biomed | In support of normal differentiation of type II AECs, no alteration in the gene expression patterns for surfactant proteins A, B, C or D was noted, nor was the pattern of distribution of SP-C altered in lungs from knockout embryos. | knockout embryos | 0.589286 | neutral |
35YHTYFL1G3KRBS6ZALRJ8XXUVUFVG | biomed | Therefore, we hypothesized that deletion of Alk5 in a specific cell lineage should reveal phenotypes which cannot be seen in comparable mutants lacking Tgfbr2. | comparable mutants | 0.59375 | neutral |
3L7SUC0TTUUA4KJ7I01FT5RGX0TM02 | biomed | Histologic sections from Aqp2F204V/F204V mice demonstrated marked dilatation of the renal pelvis yet normal morphology of the ureter (Figure 2C and 2D). | renal pelvis | 0.59375 | neutral |
3ZQX1VYFTD5GMC9MQKT7EOM3BYKO86 | biomed | The data support that the ultimate pathophysiological outcome in HKI, caused by a reduction in RanBP2 levels and its chaperone activity, is the selective degradation of HKI as reflected by the reduced levels of HKI (and ATP) but not of other mitochondrial and NPC components (Figure 5). | chaperone activity | 0.597222 | neutral |
3TUOHPJXYHXE6MJWPEW9BHGI59RXWY | biomed | Previous studies have shown that the alpha-crystallin possesses molecular chaperone activity, binding to partially denatured proteins, both in vitro [5] and probably in vivo [6], to inhibit further denaturation. | chaperone activity | 0.75 | difficult |
3I4E7AFQ2KZLJLADD5CXXO14QHVJT7 | biomed | In addition, we report studies of biliary sterol secretion that show that despite forced secretion, Abcg8-deficient animals cannot secrete cholesterol into bile, although sitosterol secretion seemed unaffected. | forced secretion | 0.6 | difficult |
3IV1AEQ4DRD2L1IPA7126S5HC4A8J7 | biomed | The different timing of lethality in the Capn4 knockouts might also be a consequence of the different genetic backgrounds of the two transgenic lines, which has been observed to influence the phenotype of transgenic mice on a number of occasions [37]. | transgenic lines | 0.6 | difficult |
3JMNNNO3B14D56GZ1PBGLRMMS0RW2N | biomed | A similar effect might be at work in the two Capn4 transgenic lines. | transgenic lines | 0.676471 | difficult |
306W7JMRYYYW3IKDMFOL84M44Z18BM | biomed | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against a wide spectrum of self-antigens, mainly from subcellular compartments, especially the cell nucleus. | subcellular compartments | 0.6 | difficult |
3T2EL38U0MK9MPNAD5X3JSYWH8BQXO | biomed | CA = chronic arthritis; CIA = collagen-induced arthritis; CV = coefficiant of variation; GO = Gene Ontology; LN = lymph node; LOD = logarithm of the odds; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; NC = naive control; OA = onset of arthritis; PI = post-immunisation; QTG = quantitative trait gene; QTL = quantitative trait loci; RA = rheumatoid arthritis. | rheumatoid arthritis | 0.6 | difficult |
3ECKRY5B1QWLAMZ61FGF7BNLYYSIZA | biomed | The 2P unique region (Region I) contains an hg modifier with large effects on growth and smaller effects on obesity (Table 3). | hg modifier | 0.602941 | difficult |
304QEQWKZPKY4N4JVGGSL9GLS080OV | biomed | Taken together, these results strongly suggest that PGC-1α is necessary for the terminal stages of mitochondrial maturation necessary to meet the energy demands of the postnatal environment. | mitochondrial maturation | 0.602941 | difficult |
3LAZVA75NIR50X7XA3K64X90PYSO23 | biomed | Therefore, we have examined this hypothesis, by monitoring the expression of genes that determine normal embryonic patterning and morphogenesis in Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 huntingtin deficient embryos. | embryonic patterning | 0.602941 | difficult |
3B6F54KMR2CD94HUYG11JJ9WUHI1SX | biomed | The second phase involves the attachment of salience to external stimuli (discriminative stimuli) that signal whether the delivery of a primary reinforcer will or will not occur based on some emitted behavior (e.g. a rodent lever presses for food pellets only when a stimulus light is illuminated in an operant chamber). | discriminative stimuli | 0.602941 | difficult |
3UEDKCTP9VQTW7JOIN98T79ZG94K7V | biomed | Certain features of neuronal differentiation, such as synapse formation, can be detected definitively at this level of analysis. | neuronal differentiation | 0.602941 | difficult |
3MWOYZD5WVO1PJWQWMIQWLCY0TJONU | biomed | In addition to their importance as a locus of disease, photoreceptor cells serve as an excellent model for studies in neuronal differentiation. | neuronal differentiation | 0.633333 | difficult |
3MDKGGG61QN9VQV6TMI8OKWZ4BC6TP | biomed | Target-derived signals exhibit a conserved role in the induction of defined programs of transcription factor expression late in post-mitotic neuronal differentiation [10]. | neuronal differentiation | 0.75 | difficult |
3KQC8JMJGCSKTYHTAQ3L3YHRJQE3H5 | biomed | This study provides evidence that the late onset of transcription factor expression is essential for many later aspects of neuronal differentiation and circuit formation. | neuronal differentiation | 0.775 | difficult |
3TC2K6WK9G22F5KH3MVA7BJ0ATO28E | biomed | Four hg modifier QTL (Wg2 on MMU2, Carfhg2 on MMU9, Carp2 on MMU11 and Feml3 on MMU17) were identified, along with 12 additional QTL (Q1Ucd1 on MMU1 (which only reached a suggestive level of statistical significance), Wg1, Carp1, Cara1 and Feml1 on MMU2, Carfhg1 on MMU5, Wg3 on MMU8, Feml2 on MMU9, Wg4 and Cara2 on MMU11 and Carp3 and Cara3 on MMU17) whose expression was independent of the hg locus. | hg locus | 0.602941 | difficult |
37Y5RYYI0P5LZ52N59M8ESDXZWWSXF | biomed | This indicates that other genes are likely to be important as modifiers of the CF phenotype. | CF phenotype | 0.602941 | difficult |
3G3AJKPCXLSRXPQMK4CSZ340NMMY4J | biomed | In this work, CF mice on a mixed strain background were found to have a less severe CF phenotype compared to CF mice congenic on the C57Bl/6 background. | CF phenotype | 0.720588 | difficult |
3UUSLRKAUL3LI1DEQ6NLPUE9W07D7B | biomed | Future identification of specific genes should further our understanding of the complex intestinal CF phenotype. | CF phenotype | 0.75 | difficult |
3BA7SXOG1JQJJP12ICAB8JR8ML4R8I | biomed | We hypothesized that disruption of only one of the half-transporters would result in sitosterolemia and selective loss of either sterolin may show a differential effect on the biliary secretion of sterols or intestinal absorption of sterols. | biliary secretion | 0.605263 | difficult |
39WSF6KUV2LXVDJD3NF76YIPM1IEOV | biomed | Pulmonary hypoplasia is associated with abnormal diaphragmatic anatomy or function, and is known to occur as a secondary developmental defect in models of diaphragmatic dysfunction such as complete amuscularization [17] or phrenic nerve disruption [46]. | Pulmonary hypoplasia | 0.609375 | difficult |
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