id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1a9 | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | In the Xeer system, what are judges called? | {
"text": [
"odayal"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1aa | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English? | {
"text": [
"jurists"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ab | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does the Xeer system call attorneys? | {
"text": [
"garxajiyaal"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ac | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system? | {
"text": [
"murkhaatiyal"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ad | Somalis | The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law. | What does the Xeer system call cops? | {
"text": [
"waranle"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b3 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture? | {
"text": [
"Western designs"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b4 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist? | {
"text": [
"medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b5 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | What material was used to make Somali cities? | {
"text": [
"stone"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1b9 | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids? | {
"text": [
"taalo"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1ba | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What were taalo used for? | {
"text": [
"burial"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bb | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What were ancient Somali houses made out of? | {
"text": [
"dressed stone"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bc | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bd | Somalis | In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s... | What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia? | {
"text": [
"the Wargaade Wall"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia? | {
"text": [
"early medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c4 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Along with Arabian influences, where did architectural influences come from in the medieval period? | {
"text": [
"Persia"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c5 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins? | {
"text": [
"mosques"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c6 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam? | {
"text": [
"limestone"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c7 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia? | {
"text": [
"drystone"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cd | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | What is the academic study of the Somali people called? | {
"text": [
"Somali Studies"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1ce | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies? | {
"text": [
"anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cf | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies? | {
"text": [
"oral literature"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d0 | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars? | {
"text": [
"the International Congress of Somali Studies"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d1 | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin? | {
"text": [
"1980"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d7 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | In what century did the Middle Ages begin? | {
"text": [
"5th"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d8 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What century saw the end of the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"15th"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d9 | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"the collapse of the Western Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1da | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"Age of Discovery"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1db | Middle_Ages | In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva... | What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into? | {
"text": [
"Antiquity"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e1 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"deurbanisation"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e2 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms? | {
"text": [
"the Western Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e3 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | What empire was North Africa previously a part of? | {
"text": [
"the Eastern Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e4 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa? | {
"text": [
"7th"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5 | Middle_Ages | Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ... | In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian? | {
"text": [
"1070"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1eb | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"1000"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ec | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"the Medieval Warm Period"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ed | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles? | {
"text": [
"Manorialism"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ee | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service? | {
"text": [
"feudalism"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ef | Middle_Ages | During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ... | In what year did the Crusades begin? | {
"text": [
"1095"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f5 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | When did the Black Death end? | {
"text": [
"1350"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f6 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur? | {
"text": [
"Late"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f7 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | What portion of the European population died in the Black Death? | {
"text": [
"a third"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f8 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"the early modern period"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f9 | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil... | Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"heresy"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e1 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history? | {
"text": [
"the Modern Period"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e2 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | How many major periods is European history divided into? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3 | Middle_Ages | The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. | What is another name for Antiquity? | {
"text": [
"classical civilisation"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e7 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history? | {
"text": [
"Four Empires"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e8 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | What writer referred to the Christian period as new? | {
"text": [
"Petrarch"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9 | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Who wrote the History of the Florentine People? | {
"text": [
"Leonardo Bruni"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302ea | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | When was the History of the Florentine People published? | {
"text": [
"1442"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302eb | Middle_Ages | Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq... | Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods? | {
"text": [
"Christoph Cellarius"
],
"answer_start": [
1067
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f1 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"476"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f2 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476? | {
"text": [
"Bruni"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f3 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended? | {
"text": [
"1500"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f4 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople? | {
"text": [
"1453"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f5 | Middle_Ages | The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1... | When did Ferdinand II die? | {
"text": [
"1516"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fb | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent? | {
"text": [
"the 2nd century AD"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? | {
"text": [
"3rd century"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fd | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century? | {
"text": [
"doubled"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fe | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in? | {
"text": [
"taxes"
],
"answer_start": [
701
]
} |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302ff | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | What is another term for the Roman landowning class? | {
"text": [
"curial"
],
"answer_start": [
739
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630305 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | In what year did Diocletian begin his reign? | {
"text": [
"284"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630306 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions? | {
"text": [
"286"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630307 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople? | {
"text": [
"Byzantium"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630308 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete? | {
"text": [
"5th"
],
"answer_start": [
1238
]
} |
56fb30738f12f31900630309 | Middle_Ages | The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C... | When did the rule of Constantine end? | {
"text": [
"337"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c1ff | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"376"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c200 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"Valens"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c201 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | In what province did the Ostrogoths settle? | {
"text": [
"Thracia"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c202 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | At what battle was the Emperor Valens killed? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Adrianople"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c203 | Middle_Ages | In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow... | When did the Battle of Adrianople occur? | {
"text": [
"9 August 378"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c209 | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | Who was the last Western Roman Emperor? | {
"text": [
"Romulus Augustus"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20a | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end? | {
"text": [
"476"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20b | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20c | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy? | {
"text": [
"Justinian"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20d | Middle_Ages | By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E... | When did Justinian's reign end? | {
"text": [
"565"
],
"answer_start": [
824
]
} |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c213 | Middle_Ages | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | When did Aspar die? | {
"text": [
"Aspar"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c214 | Middle_Ages | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | What year saw the death of Gundobad? | {
"text": [
"516"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c215 | Middle_Ages | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | What notable Roman figure died in 408? | {
"text": [
"Stilicho"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c216 | Middle_Ages | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms? | {
"text": [
"tax revenue"
],
"answer_start": [
1333
]
} |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c217 | Middle_Ages | The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ... | Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies? | {
"text": [
"land or rents"
],
"answer_start": [
1482
]
} |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21d | Middle_Ages | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | In what century did the Ostrogoths arrive in Italy? | {
"text": [
"5th"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21e | Middle_Ages | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | What Ostrogothic leader led his people into Italy? | {
"text": [
"Theoderic"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21f | Middle_Ages | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | Who destroyed the Burgundian kingdom in 436? | {
"text": [
"the Huns"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
56fb353df34c681400b0c220 | Middle_Ages | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | In what part of Europe did the Burgundians settle? | {
"text": [
"Gaul"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
56fb353df34c681400b0c221 | Middle_Ages | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | Who was the first notable king of the Franks? | {
"text": [
"Childeric"
],
"answer_start": [
754
]
} |
56fb61e68ddada1400cd63af | Middle_Ages | The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett... | People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula? | {
"text": [
"Slavic"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b0 | Middle_Ages | The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett... | In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul? | {
"text": [
"north-east"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b1 | Middle_Ages | The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett... | What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin? | {
"text": [
"Romance languages"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b2 | Middle_Ages | The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett... | What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire? | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b3 | Middle_Ages | The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett... | What languages were spoken by the Slavs? | {
"text": [
"Slavonic"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63b9 | Middle_Ages | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end? | {
"text": [
"7th"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63ba | Middle_Ages | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies? | {
"text": [
"5th"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bb | Middle_Ages | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place? | {
"text": [
"the Balkans"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bc | Middle_Ages | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code? | {
"text": [
"438"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bd | Middle_Ages | As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,... | Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled? | {
"text": [
"Justinian"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c3 | Middle_Ages | In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba... | Who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire near Adrianople in 551? | {
"text": [
"Slavic tribes"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c4 | Middle_Ages | In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba... | What tribe received tribute from the Eastern Roman emperors in the 6th century? | {
"text": [
"the Avars"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c5 | Middle_Ages | In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba... | Near what river were the Avars originally based? | {
"text": [
"the Danube"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c6 | Middle_Ages | In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba... | During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt? | {
"text": [
"Heraclius"
],
"answer_start": [
828
]
} |
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