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56faeccbf34c681400b0c1a9
Somalis
The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
In the Xeer system, what are judges called?
{ "text": [ "odayal" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1aa
Somalis
The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?
{ "text": [ "jurists" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ab
Somalis
The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
What does the Xeer system call attorneys?
{ "text": [ "garxajiyaal" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ac
Somalis
The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?
{ "text": [ "murkhaatiyal" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
56faeccbf34c681400b0c1ad
Somalis
The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
What does the Xeer system call cops?
{ "text": [ "waranle" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b3
Somalis
Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures...
Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture?
{ "text": [ "Western designs" ], "answer_start": [ 500 ] }
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b4
Somalis
Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures...
Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?
{ "text": [ "medieval" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
56faed40f34c681400b0c1b5
Somalis
Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures...
What material was used to make Somali cities?
{ "text": [ "stone" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
56faed86f34c681400b0c1b9
Somalis
In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s...
What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?
{ "text": [ "taalo" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56faed86f34c681400b0c1ba
Somalis
In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s...
What were taalo used for?
{ "text": [ "burial" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bb
Somalis
In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s...
What were ancient Somali houses made out of?
{ "text": [ "dressed stone" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bc
Somalis
In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s...
Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?
{ "text": [ "Egypt" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
56faed86f34c681400b0c1bd
Somalis
In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing s...
What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia?
{ "text": [ "the Wargaade Wall" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3
Somalis
The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia?
{ "text": [ "early medieval" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c4
Somalis
The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
Along with Arabian influences, where did architectural influences come from in the medieval period?
{ "text": [ "Persia" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c5
Somalis
The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins?
{ "text": [ "mosques" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c6
Somalis
The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam?
{ "text": [ "limestone" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c7
Somalis
The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ...
Before Islam was introduced, what was a common building material in Somalia?
{ "text": [ "drystone" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cd
Somalis
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and...
What is the academic study of the Somali people called?
{ "text": [ "Somali Studies" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56faee55f34c681400b0c1ce
Somalis
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and...
Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?
{ "text": [ "anthropology" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
56faee55f34c681400b0c1cf
Somalis
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and...
Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?
{ "text": [ "oral literature" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d0
Somalis
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and...
What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars?
{ "text": [ "the International Congress of Somali Studies" ], "answer_start": [ 518 ] }
56faee55f34c681400b0c1d1
Somalis
The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and...
When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?
{ "text": [ "1980" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d7
Middle_Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
In what century did the Middle Ages begin?
{ "text": [ "5th" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d8
Middle_Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
What century saw the end of the Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "15th" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d9
Middle_Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "the collapse of the Western Roman Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1da
Middle_Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "Age of Discovery" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1db
Middle_Ages
In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieva...
What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into?
{ "text": [ "Antiquity" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e1
Middle_Ages
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ...
Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "deurbanisation" ], "answer_start": [ 14 ] }
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e2
Middle_Ages
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ...
In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms?
{ "text": [ "the Western Roman Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e3
Middle_Ages
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ...
What empire was North Africa previously a part of?
{ "text": [ "the Eastern Roman Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e4
Middle_Ages
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ...
In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?
{ "text": [ "7th" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5
Middle_Ages
Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once ...
In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?
{ "text": [ "1070" ], "answer_start": [ 740 ] }
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1eb
Middle_Ages
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ...
What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "1000" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ec
Middle_Ages
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ...
What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "the Medieval Warm Period" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ed
Middle_Ages
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ...
What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles?
{ "text": [ "Manorialism" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ee
Middle_Ages
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ...
What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service?
{ "text": [ "feudalism" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ef
Middle_Ages
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and ...
In what year did the Crusades begin?
{ "text": [ "1095" ], "answer_start": [ 626 ] }
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f5
Middle_Ages
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil...
When did the Black Death end?
{ "text": [ "1350" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f6
Middle_Ages
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil...
In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur?
{ "text": [ "Late" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f7
Middle_Ages
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil...
What portion of the European population died in the Black Death?
{ "text": [ "a third" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f8
Middle_Ages
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil...
What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "the early modern period" ], "answer_start": [ 496 ] }
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f9
Middle_Ages
The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil...
Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "heresy" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e1
Middle_Ages
The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.
Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?
{ "text": [ "the Modern Period" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e2
Middle_Ages
The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.
How many major periods is European history divided into?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3
Middle_Ages
The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.
What is another name for Antiquity?
{ "text": [ "classical civilisation" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e7
Middle_Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history?
{ "text": [ "Four Empires" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e8
Middle_Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
What writer referred to the Christian period as new?
{ "text": [ "Petrarch" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9
Middle_Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
Who wrote the History of the Florentine People?
{ "text": [ "Leonardo Bruni" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
56fb2ed48f12f319006302ea
Middle_Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
When was the History of the Florentine People published?
{ "text": [ "1442" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
56fb2ed48f12f319006302eb
Middle_Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as antiq...
Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods?
{ "text": [ "Christoph Cellarius" ], "answer_start": [ 1067 ] }
56fb2f268f12f319006302f1
Middle_Ages
The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1...
What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?
{ "text": [ "476" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56fb2f268f12f319006302f2
Middle_Ages
The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1...
Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?
{ "text": [ "Bruni" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
56fb2f268f12f319006302f3
Middle_Ages
The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1...
When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended?
{ "text": [ "1500" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
56fb2f268f12f319006302f4
Middle_Ages
The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1...
In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?
{ "text": [ "1453" ], "answer_start": [ 372 ] }
56fb2f268f12f319006302f5
Middle_Ages
The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1...
When did Ferdinand II die?
{ "text": [ "1516" ], "answer_start": [ 602 ] }
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fb
Middle_Ages
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w...
In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?
{ "text": [ "the 2nd century AD" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc
Middle_Ages
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w...
In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?
{ "text": [ "3rd century" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fd
Middle_Ages
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w...
How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century?
{ "text": [ "doubled" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fe
Middle_Ages
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w...
What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in?
{ "text": [ "taxes" ], "answer_start": [ 701 ] }
56fb2ff68f12f319006302ff
Middle_Ages
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w...
What is another term for the Roman landowning class?
{ "text": [ "curial" ], "answer_start": [ 739 ] }
56fb30738f12f31900630305
Middle_Ages
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C...
In what year did Diocletian begin his reign?
{ "text": [ "284" ], "answer_start": [ 27 ] }
56fb30738f12f31900630306
Middle_Ages
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C...
When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions?
{ "text": [ "286" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
56fb30738f12f31900630307
Middle_Ages
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C...
What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?
{ "text": [ "Byzantium" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
56fb30738f12f31900630308
Middle_Ages
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C...
During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete?
{ "text": [ "5th" ], "answer_start": [ 1238 ] }
56fb30738f12f31900630309
Middle_Ages
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a period of civil war, C...
When did the rule of Constantine end?
{ "text": [ "337" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
56fb3290f34c681400b0c1ff
Middle_Ages
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow...
In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire?
{ "text": [ "376" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56fb3290f34c681400b0c200
Middle_Ages
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow...
Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire?
{ "text": [ "Valens" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
56fb3290f34c681400b0c201
Middle_Ages
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow...
In what province did the Ostrogoths settle?
{ "text": [ "Thracia" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
56fb3290f34c681400b0c202
Middle_Ages
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow...
At what battle was the Emperor Valens killed?
{ "text": [ "the Battle of Adrianople" ], "answer_start": [ 374 ] }
56fb3290f34c681400b0c203
Middle_Ages
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put dow...
When did the Battle of Adrianople occur?
{ "text": [ "9 August 378" ], "answer_start": [ 402 ] }
56fb3441f34c681400b0c209
Middle_Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E...
Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?
{ "text": [ "Romulus Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20a
Middle_Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E...
When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end?
{ "text": [ "476" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20b
Middle_Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E...
What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire?
{ "text": [ "Byzantine Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20c
Middle_Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E...
What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy?
{ "text": [ "Justinian" ], "answer_start": [ 806 ] }
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20d
Middle_Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The E...
When did Justinian's reign end?
{ "text": [ "565" ], "answer_start": [ 824 ] }
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c213
Middle_Ages
The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ...
When did Aspar die?
{ "text": [ "Aspar" ], "answer_start": [ 545 ] }
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c214
Middle_Ages
The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ...
What year saw the death of Gundobad?
{ "text": [ "516" ], "answer_start": [ 595 ] }
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c215
Middle_Ages
The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ...
What notable Roman figure died in 408?
{ "text": [ "Stilicho" ], "answer_start": [ 526 ] }
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c216
Middle_Ages
The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ...
The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms?
{ "text": [ "tax revenue" ], "answer_start": [ 1333 ] }
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c217
Middle_Ages
The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the ...
Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies?
{ "text": [ "land or rents" ], "answer_start": [ 1482 ] }
56fb353df34c681400b0c21d
Middle_Ages
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last...
In what century did the Ostrogoths arrive in Italy?
{ "text": [ "5th" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
56fb353df34c681400b0c21e
Middle_Ages
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last...
What Ostrogothic leader led his people into Italy?
{ "text": [ "Theoderic" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
56fb353df34c681400b0c21f
Middle_Ages
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last...
Who destroyed the Burgundian kingdom in 436?
{ "text": [ "the Huns" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
56fb353df34c681400b0c220
Middle_Ages
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last...
In what part of Europe did the Burgundians settle?
{ "text": [ "Gaul" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
56fb353df34c681400b0c221
Middle_Ages
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last...
Who was the first notable king of the Franks?
{ "text": [ "Childeric" ], "answer_start": [ 754 ] }
56fb61e68ddada1400cd63af
Middle_Ages
The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett...
People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula?
{ "text": [ "Slavic" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b0
Middle_Ages
The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett...
In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul?
{ "text": [ "north-east" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b1
Middle_Ages
The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett...
What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin?
{ "text": [ "Romance languages" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b2
Middle_Ages
The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett...
What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire?
{ "text": [ "Greek" ], "answer_start": [ 597 ] }
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b3
Middle_Ages
The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The sett...
What languages were spoken by the Slavs?
{ "text": [ "Slavonic" ], "answer_start": [ 688 ] }
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63b9
Middle_Ages
As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,...
In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end?
{ "text": [ "7th" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63ba
Middle_Ages
As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,...
In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies?
{ "text": [ "5th" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bb
Middle_Ages
As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,...
Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place?
{ "text": [ "the Balkans" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bc
Middle_Ages
As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,...
What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code?
{ "text": [ "438" ], "answer_start": [ 685 ] }
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bd
Middle_Ages
As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome,...
Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled?
{ "text": [ "Justinian" ], "answer_start": [ 704 ] }
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c3
Middle_Ages
In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba...
Who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire near Adrianople in 551?
{ "text": [ "Slavic tribes" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c4
Middle_Ages
In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba...
What tribe received tribute from the Eastern Roman emperors in the 6th century?
{ "text": [ "the Avars" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c5
Middle_Ages
In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba...
Near what river were the Avars originally based?
{ "text": [ "the Danube" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c6
Middle_Ages
In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba...
During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt?
{ "text": [ "Heraclius" ], "answer_start": [ 828 ] }