id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c7 | Middle_Ages | In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their ba... | In what year did the reign of Maurice end? | {
"text": [
"602"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce4 | Middle_Ages | In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ... | What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible? | {
"text": [
"Cicero"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce5 | Middle_Ages | In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ... | In what year did Jerome die? | {
"text": [
"420"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce6 | Middle_Ages | In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ... | In what century did Gregory of Tours live? | {
"text": [
"6th"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce7 | Middle_Ages | In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ... | Along with art, how was religious instruction commonly received in the late 6th century? | {
"text": [
"music"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce8 | Middle_Ages | In Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite status. In the 4th ... | When was the death of Sidonius Apollinaris? | {
"text": [
"489"
],
"answer_start": [
908
]
} |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cee | Middle_Ages | Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties withi... | What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period? | {
"text": [
"great feasts"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cef | Middle_Ages | Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties withi... | Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite? | {
"text": [
"jewels"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf0 | Middle_Ages | Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties withi... | Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value? | {
"text": [
"courage"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf1 | Middle_Ages | Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties withi... | In what society did women have status as abbesses? | {
"text": [
"Anglo-Saxon"
],
"answer_start": [
832
]
} |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf2 | Middle_Ages | Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties withi... | In what country did Gregory of Tours live? | {
"text": [
"Merovingian Gaul"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf8 | Middle_Ages | Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the... | How many people might live in a large peasant settlement? | {
"text": [
"700"
],
"answer_start": [
766
]
} |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf9 | Middle_Ages | Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the... | What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat? | {
"text": [
"military service"
],
"answer_start": [
1216
]
} |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfa | Middle_Ages | Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the... | In what century did written records of peasant life begin to appear? | {
"text": [
"9th"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfb | Middle_Ages | Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the... | Along with aristocratic writers, where do contemporary written descriptions of peasants come from? | {
"text": [
"law codes"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfc | Middle_Ages | Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the... | What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era? | {
"text": [
"archaeology"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d02 | Middle_Ages | Roman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted into Christian churc... | About how many people lived in Rome at the end of the 500s? | {
"text": [
"30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d03 | Middle_Ages | Roman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted into Christian churc... | What new use was found for Roman temples? | {
"text": [
"Christian churches"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d04 | Middle_Ages | Roman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted into Christian churc... | What group was notably persecuted after the Roman Empire converted to Christianity? | {
"text": [
"Jews"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d08 | Middle_Ages | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially ... | What was the ethnicity of a leader who converted to Judaism in this era? | {
"text": [
"Arab"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d09 | Middle_Ages | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially ... | What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam? | {
"text": [
"Zoroastrianism"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0a | Middle_Ages | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially ... | In what yer did Muhammad die? | {
"text": [
"632"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0b | Middle_Ages | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially ... | In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria? | {
"text": [
"634–635"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0c | Middle_Ages | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially ... | In what century did Muslims conquer North Africa? | {
"text": [
"7th"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
56fb6570b28b3419009f1d12 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place? | {
"text": [
"732"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
56fb6570b28b3419009f1d13 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What Islamic dynasty followed the Umayyad? | {
"text": [
"Abbasid"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
56fb6570b28b3419009f1d14 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What was the capital of the Abbasid state? | {
"text": [
"Baghdad"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
56fb6570b28b3419009f1d15 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period? | {
"text": [
"Tulunids"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
56fb6570b28b3419009f1d16 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | What group conquered southern France from Muslim forces? | {
"text": [
"the Franks"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1c | Middle_Ages | The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of... | Along with Naples, what city still traded African goods in the 7th century? | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1d | Middle_Ages | The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of... | What event led to African goods no longer being traded in Western Europe by the end of the 7th century? | {
"text": [
"Muslim conquests"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
56fb6623b28b3419009f1d1e | Middle_Ages | The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of... | What non-local goods have archaeologists typically found in Britain of this era? | {
"text": [
"luxury goods"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} |
56fb6673b28b3419009f1d22 | Middle_Ages | The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From... | During what century did gold coinage cease? | {
"text": [
"7th"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
56fb6673b28b3419009f1d23 | Middle_Ages | The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From... | Coinage from what metal replaced gold coinage? | {
"text": [
"silver"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
56fb6673b28b3419009f1d24 | Middle_Ages | The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From... | What was the Anglo-Saxon silver coin called? | {
"text": [
"penny"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
56fb6673b28b3419009f1d25 | Middle_Ages | The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From... | What was another name for the denarius? | {
"text": [
"denier"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56fb6673b28b3419009f1d26 | Middle_Ages | The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From... | In what part of Europe were gold coins still minted? | {
"text": [
"Southern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2c | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | What language was used by the eastern church? | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2d | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | What language did the western church use? | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2e | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | When did the eastern and western churches split? | {
"text": [
"1054"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2f | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split? | {
"text": [
"papal supremacy"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} |
56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d30 | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | What was the eastern church subsequently known as? | {
"text": [
"the Orthodox Church"
],
"answer_start": [
901
]
} |
56fb673d8ddada1400cd63cd | Middle_Ages | The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affair... | When did Gregory the Great become pope? | {
"text": [
"590"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
56fb673d8ddada1400cd63ce | Middle_Ages | The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affair... | About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy? | {
"text": [
"850"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
56fb673d8ddada1400cd63cf | Middle_Ages | The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affair... | In what region of Western Europe did the pope have influence? | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
56fb673d8ddada1400cd63d0 | Middle_Ages | The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affair... | When did the Gregorian mission travel to Britain? | {
"text": [
"597"
],
"answer_start": [
695
]
} |
56fb673d8ddada1400cd63d1 | Middle_Ages | The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affair... | When did Columbanus die? | {
"text": [
"615"
],
"answer_start": [
959
]
} |
56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d7 | Middle_Ages | The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobiti... | What religious lifestyle arose in the Early Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"monasticism"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d8 | Middle_Ages | The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobiti... | Who was the pioneer of cenobitism? | {
"text": [
"Pachomius"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
56fb67c88ddada1400cd63d9 | Middle_Ages | The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobiti... | Who composed the Benedictine Rule? | {
"text": [
"Benedict of Nursia"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
56fb67c88ddada1400cd63da | Middle_Ages | The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobiti... | From what part of England did Bede come? | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
1350
]
} |
56fb67c88ddada1400cd63db | Middle_Ages | The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobiti... | What was the title of the leader of a monastery? | {
"text": [
"abbot"
],
"answer_start": [
727
]
} |
56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e1 | Middle_Ages | The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by... | Along with Austrasia and Neustria, what kingdom was originally part of the Frankish kingdom? | {
"text": [
"Burgundy"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e2 | Middle_Ages | The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by... | What dynasty ruled Neustria? | {
"text": [
"Merovingian"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e3 | Middle_Ages | The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by... | From whom did the rulers of the Merovingian dynasty trace their ancestry? | {
"text": [
"Clovis"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e4 | Middle_Ages | The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by... | What was the title of Pippin? | {
"text": [
"Mayor of the Palace"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
56fb68ac8ddada1400cd63e5 | Middle_Ages | The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by... | What leader was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers? | {
"text": [
"Charles Martel"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
56fb691a8ddada1400cd63eb | Middle_Ages | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel? | {
"text": [
"Carolingian"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ec | Middle_Ages | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria? | {
"text": [
"753"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ed | Middle_Ages | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia? | {
"text": [
"Pippin III"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ee | Middle_Ages | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | When did Stephen II become pope? | {
"text": [
"752"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56fb691a8ddada1400cd63ef | Middle_Ages | The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's... | Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin? | {
"text": [
"Carloman"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f5 | Middle_Ages | The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the B... | On what date did Charlemagne assume the imperial title? | {
"text": [
"Christmas Day 800"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f6 | Middle_Ages | The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the B... | Of what class were most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire? | {
"text": [
"peasants"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f7 | Middle_Ages | The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the B... | About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire? | {
"text": [
"300"
],
"answer_start": [
1020
]
} |
56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f8 | Middle_Ages | The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the B... | In what settlements did most inhabitants of the Carolingian Empire live? | {
"text": [
"small farms"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
56fb69e38ddada1400cd63f9 | Middle_Ages | The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the B... | Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade? | {
"text": [
"Scandinavia"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
56fb72668ddada1400cd63ff | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brough... | Where was Charlemagne's court based? | {
"text": [
"Aachen"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
56fb72668ddada1400cd6400 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brough... | What is the name of the cultural revival associated with Charlemagne? | {
"text": [
"Carolingian Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
56fb72668ddada1400cd6401 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brough... | Of what ethnicity was Alcuin? | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
56fb72668ddada1400cd6402 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brough... | In what year did Alcuin die? | {
"text": [
"804"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
56fb72668ddada1400cd6403 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brough... | What was the Latin of Charlemagne's era later known as? | {
"text": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
1287
]
} |
56fb72beb28b3419009f1d36 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous di... | Who was Charlemagne's only living son in 813? | {
"text": [
"Louis the Pious"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
56fb72beb28b3419009f1d37 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous di... | How long did Louis the Pious reign? | {
"text": [
"26 years"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
56fb72beb28b3419009f1d38 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous di... | When did the reign of Louis the Pious end? | {
"text": [
"840"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
56fb72beb28b3419009f1d39 | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous di... | Who ruled Italy after Louis the Pious? | {
"text": [
"Lothair I"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
56fb72beb28b3419009f1d3a | Middle_Ages | Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. Just before Charlemagne died in 814, he crowned Louis as his successor. Louis's reign of 26 years was marked by numerous di... | Who was the middle son of Louis the Pious? | {
"text": [
"Louis the German"
],
"answer_start": [
839
]
} |
56fb733cb28b3419009f1d40 | Middle_Ages | A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald re... | How many years did the civil war after the death of Louis the Pious last? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
56fb733cb28b3419009f1d41 | Middle_Ages | A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald re... | Between what two rivers did Lothair receive a kingdom? | {
"text": [
"the Rhine and Rhone"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
56fb733cb28b3419009f1d42 | Middle_Ages | A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald re... | In what modern country were Louis the German's lands? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
56fb733cb28b3419009f1d43 | Middle_Ages | A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald re... | In what modern country were Charles the Bald's lands? | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
56fb733cb28b3419009f1d44 | Middle_Ages | A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald re... | When did Louis the Child die? | {
"text": [
"911"
],
"answer_start": [
727
]
} |
56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4a | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | What group settled in Iceland during this period? | {
"text": [
"the Vikings"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4b | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | Who was king of the Franks in 899? | {
"text": [
"Charles the Simple"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4c | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? | {
"text": [
"Normandy"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4d | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | What group was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld? | {
"text": [
"Magyar"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4e | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur? | {
"text": [
"955"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
56fb741bb28b3419009f1d54 | Middle_Ages | Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle o... | When did Alfred the Great begin his reign? | {
"text": [
"871"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
56fb741bb28b3419009f1d55 | Middle_Ages | Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle o... | What was the kingdom of Kenneth MacAlpin? | {
"text": [
"the Kingdom of Alba"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
56fb741bb28b3419009f1d56 | Middle_Ages | Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle o... | Of what dynasty was Otto I a member? | {
"text": [
"Ottonian dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
56fb741bb28b3419009f1d57 | Middle_Ages | Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle o... | What group did Otto I defeat? | {
"text": [
"Magyars"
],
"answer_start": [
691
]
} |
56fb741bb28b3419009f1d58 | Middle_Ages | Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle o... | In what year did Otto I become Holy Roman Emperor? | {
"text": [
"962"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
56fb7490b28b3419009f1d5e | Middle_Ages | Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the set... | Along with Sweden and Norway, what country saw missionary activity in the 9th and 10th centuries? | {
"text": [
"Denmark"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
56fb7490b28b3419009f1d5f | Middle_Ages | Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the set... | Along with 860, in what year did Swedish raiders attempt to conquer Constantinople? | {
"text": [
"907"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
56fb7490b28b3419009f1d60 | Middle_Ages | Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the set... | Along with the kingdom of León, what Spanish kingdom was established during this period? | {
"text": [
"Asturias"
],
"answer_start": [
737
]
} |
56fb7490b28b3419009f1d61 | Middle_Ages | Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the set... | Along with Iceland, Normandy, Ireland and England, what other area did Scandinavians colonize during this period? | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
56fb74e58ddada1400cd6409 | Middle_Ages | In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reor... | Of what dynasty was Leo VI a member? | {
"text": [
"Macedonian"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
56fb74e58ddada1400cd640a | Middle_Ages | In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reor... | During what period did Constantine VII reign? | {
"text": [
"913–959"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
56fb74e58ddada1400cd640b | Middle_Ages | In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reor... | When did Basil I's rule begin? | {
"text": [
"867"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
56fb74e58ddada1400cd640c | Middle_Ages | In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reor... | During what century did John Geometres flourish? | {
"text": [
"10th"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
} |
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