id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56fb74e58ddada1400cd640d | Middle_Ages | In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reor... | In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded? | {
"text": [
"680"
],
"answer_start": [
1062
]
} |
56fb7572b28b3419009f1d66 | Middle_Ages | Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilic... | When were the Constantinian basilicas built? | {
"text": [
"4th century"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56fb7572b28b3419009f1d67 | Middle_Ages | Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilic... | In what part of the church was the monumental entrance typically placed? | {
"text": [
"the west end"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
56fb7572b28b3419009f1d68 | Middle_Ages | Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilic... | What type of architecture did the Carolingian Empire bring back into use? | {
"text": [
"the basilica"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
56fb7572b28b3419009f1d69 | Middle_Ages | Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilic... | What is a notable architectural feature of the basilica? | {
"text": [
"transept"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
56fb7572b28b3419009f1d6a | Middle_Ages | Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilic... | How is the transept positioned in relation to the nave? | {
"text": [
"perpendicular"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
56fb76b08ddada1400cd6413 | Middle_Ages | During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar... | What was the primary military arm of Anglo-Saxon armies? | {
"text": [
"infantry"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
56fb76b08ddada1400cd6414 | Middle_Ages | During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar... | What military arm did the Visigoths have a large amount of? | {
"text": [
"cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
56fb76b08ddada1400cd6415 | Middle_Ages | During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar... | What Scythian weapon was used during this era? | {
"text": [
"composite bow"
],
"answer_start": [
952
]
} |
56fb76b08ddada1400cd6416 | Middle_Ages | During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar... | What weapon replaced the Scythian composite bow? | {
"text": [
"Hunnic composite bow"
],
"answer_start": [
885
]
} |
56fb76b08ddada1400cd6417 | Middle_Ages | During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman militar... | Along with lamellar armor, what armor replaced scale armor? | {
"text": [
"mail"
],
"answer_start": [
1075
]
} |
56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d70 | Middle_Ages | Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the e... | Along with carved ivories, what religious works of the Early Middle Ages were common? | {
"text": [
"illuminated manuscripts"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d71 | Middle_Ages | Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the e... | What is a notable cross made during this era? | {
"text": [
"the Cross of Lothair"
],
"answer_start": [
804
]
} |
56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d72 | Middle_Ages | Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the e... | Where was a notable hoard found near the former lands of the Byzantine Empire? | {
"text": [
"Nagyszentmiklós"
],
"answer_start": [
989
]
} |
56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d73 | Middle_Ages | Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the e... | What is a notable decorated book with a binding of jewel-encrusted gold? | {
"text": [
"Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram"
],
"answer_start": [
1363
]
} |
56fb76ebb28b3419009f1d74 | Middle_Ages | Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the e... | Where was a hoard from Visigothic Spain found? | {
"text": [
"Guarrazar"
],
"answer_start": [
953
]
} |
56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641d | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | The importance of what military arm increased during the Carolingian era? | {
"text": [
"heavy cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641e | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | What region raised a militia army called the fyrd? | {
"text": [
"Anglo-Saxon England"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641f | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"the crossbow"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
56fb78ce8ddada1400cd6420 | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period? | {
"text": [
"the stirrup"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
56fb78ce8ddada1400cd6421 | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | Along with light cavalry, what military arm declined in importance during the Early Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"infantry"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
56fb795e8ddada1400cd6427 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ... | What was the approximate population of Europe in 1347? | {
"text": [
"80 million"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
56fb795e8ddada1400cd6428 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ... | About how many millions of people lived in Europe in the year 1000? | {
"text": [
"35"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
56fb795e8ddada1400cd6429 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ... | During the High Middle Ages, what percentage of the European population consisted of rural peasants? | {
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
56fb795e8ddada1400cd642a | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ... | Along with manors, where did peasants in the High Middle Ages often live? | {
"text": [
"villages"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
56fb795e8ddada1400cd642b | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all ... | What was the term for the practice of giving incentives to peasants to cultivate new lands? | {
"text": [
"assarting"
],
"answer_start": [
819
]
} |
56fb79f28ddada1400cd6431 | Middle_Ages | Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. Du... | In what centuries did fiefs become hereditary? | {
"text": [
"11th and 12th"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
56fb79f28ddada1400cd6432 | Middle_Ages | Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. Du... | In this period, who usually inherited fiefs? | {
"text": [
"the eldest son"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
56fb79f28ddada1400cd6433 | Middle_Ages | Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. Du... | What were castles originally built out of? | {
"text": [
"wood"
],
"answer_start": [
799
]
} |
56fb79f28ddada1400cd6434 | Middle_Ages | Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. Du... | What group constituted the lowest nobility? | {
"text": [
"Knights"
],
"answer_start": [
1315
]
} |
56fb79f28ddada1400cd6435 | Middle_Ages | Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism. Du... | In what century were castles first built? | {
"text": [
"9th"
],
"answer_start": [
855
]
} |
56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643b | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | What group constituted the clergy along with the regular clergy? | {
"text": [
"the secular clergy"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643c | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | What type of clergy were monks? | {
"text": [
"regular clergy"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643d | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | What percentage of the European population consisted of monks? | {
"text": [
"less than one per cent"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643e | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | What social class did many members of the regular clergy come from? | {
"text": [
"the nobility"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643f | Middle_Ages | The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn fr... | From what class were many parish priests? | {
"text": [
"the peasant class"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
56fb7af18ddada1400cd6445 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | In what type of settlement did most Jews live? | {
"text": [
"cities"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56fb7af18ddada1400cd6446 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England? | {
"text": [
"the 11th and 12th"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
56fb7af18ddada1400cd6447 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | What religion were Spanish Jews pressured into converting to? | {
"text": [
"Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
56fb7af18ddada1400cd6448 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | In what part of Europe did the Slavs live? | {
"text": [
"Eastern"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
56fb7af18ddada1400cd6449 | Middle_Ages | Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they we... | What was the religion of the Slavs? | {
"text": [
"pagan"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd644f | Middle_Ages | Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant ... | Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do? | {
"text": [
"taking care of the household"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6450 | Middle_Ages | Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant ... | Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in? | {
"text": [
"brewing"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6451 | Middle_Ages | Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant ... | What did peasant women do when it was time for the harvest? | {
"text": [
"help with field-work"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
56fb7b7f8ddada1400cd6452 | Middle_Ages | Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant ... | What role did women fill in the Church? | {
"text": [
"nuns"
],
"answer_start": [
1038
]
} |
56fb7c108ddada1400cd6457 | Middle_Ages | In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r... | What sea were the Hanseatic cities located on? | {
"text": [
"Baltic"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56fb7c108ddada1400cd6458 | Middle_Ages | In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r... | Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic? | {
"text": [
"Genoa"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
56fb7c108ddada1400cd6459 | Middle_Ages | In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r... | Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo? | {
"text": [
"Marco Polo"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
56fb7c108ddada1400cd645a | Middle_Ages | In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r... | What accounting method was utilized in this period? | {
"text": [
"double-entry bookkeeping"
],
"answer_start": [
1244
]
} |
56fb7c108ddada1400cd645b | Middle_Ages | In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime r... | In what region was gold coinage first reintroduced? | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
1055
]
} |
56fb7c988ddada1400cd6461 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | Along with Poland, what Central European kingdom was formed during the High Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
56fb7c988ddada1400cd6462 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary? | {
"text": [
"Árpád"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
56fb7c988ddada1400cd6463 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | When did the papacy of Innocent III begin? | {
"text": [
"1198"
],
"answer_start": [
689
]
} |
56fb7c988ddada1400cd6464 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | Along with France and Spain, the kings of what country consolidated power in the High Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
56fb7c988ddada1400cd6465 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary? | {
"text": [
"900"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
56fb7d088ddada1400cd646b | Middle_Ages | During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) ... | What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"Ottonian"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
56fb7d088ddada1400cd646c | Middle_Ages | During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) ... | What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024? | {
"text": [
"Salian"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
56fb7d088ddada1400cd646d | Middle_Ages | During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) ... | When did Henry IV's reign begin? | {
"text": [
"1084"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
56fb7d088ddada1400cd646e | Middle_Ages | During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) ... | The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict? | {
"text": [
"Investiture Controversy"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
56fb7d088ddada1400cd646f | Middle_Ages | During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) ... | What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson? | {
"text": [
"Frederick II"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6475 | Middle_Ages | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered E... | Who was Duke of Normandy in 1066? | {
"text": [
"William the Conqueror"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6476 | Middle_Ages | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered E... | During what period did William reign over England? | {
"text": [
"1066–87"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6477 | Middle_Ages | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered E... | When did Robert Guiscard die? | {
"text": [
"1085"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6478 | Middle_Ages | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered E... | What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard? | {
"text": [
"Kingdom of Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6479 | Middle_Ages | Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered E... | To what dynasty did Henry II belong? | {
"text": [
"Angevin"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
56fb7df48ddada1400cd647f | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | What was the name of the Christian reconquest of Iberia from the Muslims? | {
"text": [
"the Reconquista"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
56fb7df48ddada1400cd6480 | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
56fb7df48ddada1400cd6481 | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150? | {
"text": [
"Navarre"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
56fb7df48ddada1400cd6482 | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia until 1031? | {
"text": [
"the Caliphate of Córdoba"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
56fb7df48ddada1400cd6483 | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia in the 1170s? | {
"text": [
"the Almohad Caliphate"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7a | Middle_Ages | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia? | {
"text": [
"1060s"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7b | Middle_Ages | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought? | {
"text": [
"1071"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7c | Middle_Ages | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert? | {
"text": [
"Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7d | Middle_Ages | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks? | {
"text": [
"the Fatimids of Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
56fb7e4fb28b3419009f1d7e | Middle_Ages | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia? | {
"text": [
"11th"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d84 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | What pope launched the First crusade? | {
"text": [
"Urban II"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d85 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | At what gathering was the First Crusade preached? | {
"text": [
"the Council of Clermont"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d86 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed? | {
"text": [
"1095"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d87 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade? | {
"text": [
"Alexios I Komnenos"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d88 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem? | {
"text": [
"1099"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d8e | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | What was the purpose of the Third Crusade? | {
"text": [
"to regain Jerusalem"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d8f | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | Who took Jerusalem in 1187? | {
"text": [
"Saladin"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d90 | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur? | {
"text": [
"1203"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d91 | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade? | {
"text": [
"Latin Empire of Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d92 | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside? | {
"text": [
"Cyprus"
],
"answer_start": [
804
]
} |
56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d98 | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called? | {
"text": [
"southern France"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d99 | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | Where was the Teutonic Order headquartered in 1309? | {
"text": [
"Marienburg"
],
"answer_start": [
896
]
} |
56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9a | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | What military order was founded as a result of the Northern Crusades? | {
"text": [
"the Order of the Sword Brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} |
56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9b | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | In what century did the Northern Crusades begin? | {
"text": [
"12th"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
56fb7f60b28b3419009f1d9c | Middle_Ages | Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic. The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, similar Spanish military religious orders ... | What century saw the end of the Northern Crusades? | {
"text": [
"14th"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
56fb7fc38ddada1400cd6489 | Middle_Ages | During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scho... | What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals? | {
"text": [
"realists"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648a | Middle_Ages | During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scho... | What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy? | {
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648b | Middle_Ages | During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scho... | When did Peter Lombard die? | {
"text": [
"1164"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648c | Middle_Ages | During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scho... | What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy? | {
"text": [
"scholasticism"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} |
56fb7fc38ddada1400cd648d | Middle_Ages | During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scho... | Who authored the Summa Theologica? | {
"text": [
"Thomas Aquinas"
],
"answer_start": [
966
]
} |
56fb80258ddada1400cd6493 | Middle_Ages | Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "... | What does chansons de geste mean in English? | {
"text": [
"songs of great deeds"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56fb80258ddada1400cd6494 | Middle_Ages | Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "... | Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste? | {
"text": [
"The Song of Hildebrand"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
56fb80258ddada1400cd6495 | Middle_Ages | Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "... | Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae? | {
"text": [
"Geoffrey of Monmouth"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
56fb80258ddada1400cd6496 | Middle_Ages | Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "... | What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae? | {
"text": [
"Arthur"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
56fb80258ddada1400cd6497 | Middle_Ages | Chivalry and the ethos of courtly love developed in royal and noble courts. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "... | Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Frederick Barbarossa"
],
"answer_start": [
701
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.