id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df4 | Black_people | The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla... | Where did "Moors" migrate from? | {
"text": [
"North Africa or Iberia"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
5706beac0eeca41400aa0df5 | Black_people | The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla... | What kind of term is "Moors"? | {
"text": [
"derogatory"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdc | Black_people | Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m... | Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron? | {
"text": [
"Isidore of Seville"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdd | Black_people | Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m... | When was this claim made? | {
"text": [
"7th century,"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
5706bfe52eaba6190074acde | Black_people | Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m... | What does mauron mean? | {
"text": [
"black"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdf | Black_people | Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m... | What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called? | {
"text": [
"Etymologies"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
5706bfe52eaba6190074ace0 | Black_people | Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, m... | What was "Black by definition"? | {
"text": [
"Moors"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace6 | Black_people | Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,... | What are Afro-Spaniards? | {
"text": [
"Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace8 | Black_people | Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,... | Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside? | {
"text": [
"Equatorial Guinea"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace9 | Black_people | Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,... | How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain? | {
"text": [
"an estimated 683,000"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e03 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK? | {
"text": [
"over a million black"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e04 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"? | {
"text": [
"1%"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e05 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | What percentage of the population was "Black African"? | {
"text": [
"0.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e06 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | What percentage of the population was "Black other"? | {
"text": [
"0.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e07 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | When did Britain encourage immigration of workers? | {
"text": [
"after World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0d | Black_people | As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio... | When did African states become independent? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0e | Black_people | As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio... | Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country? | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0f | Black_people | As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio... | How many students moved from Africa to Russia? | {
"text": [
"about 400,000"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e10 | Black_people | As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio... | Why did students move to Russia? | {
"text": [
"to pursue higher studies"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e11 | Black_people | As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Unio... | Migration to Russia continued into many countries where? | {
"text": [
"Eastern bloc."
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e17 | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish? | {
"text": [
"in the Balkans"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e18 | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | What town had it's own black community? | {
"text": [
"Ulcinj"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e19 | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | What country is Ulcinj in? | {
"text": [
"Montenegro"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1a | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878? | {
"text": [
"100"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1b | Black_people | Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black Africa... | How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18? | {
"text": [
"an estimated 30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e2f | Black_people | Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. | Who has been referred to as "black people"? | {
"text": [
"Indigenous Australians"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e30 | Black_people | Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. | What was the original term related to? | {
"text": [
"skin colour"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e31 | Black_people | Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. | Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black? | {
"text": [
"since the early days of European settlement"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e32 | Black_people | Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. | What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians? | {
"text": [
"to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e37 | Black_people | Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t... | What was established to control the Indigenous Australians? | {
"text": [
"Aboriginal Protection Boards"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e39 | Black_people | Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t... | Were Aborigines allowed to vote? | {
"text": [
"Aborigines were not allowed to vote"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3a | Black_people | Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t... | Who reported how the Aborigines were treated? | {
"text": [
"Sir Baldwin Spencer"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3b | Black_people | Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, t... | What year was his report from? | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e41 | Black_people | After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P... | Which race was growing faster after the First World War? | {
"text": [
"mixed-race people"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e42 | Black_people | After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P... | What did people fear in 1930? | {
"text": [
"\"half-caste menace\""
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e43 | Black_people | After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P... | What did this menace undermine? | {
"text": [
"the White Australia ideal"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e44 | Black_people | After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P... | Who noted this particular fear? | {
"text": [
"Dr. Cecil Cook"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e45 | Black_people | After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory P... | Who is Dr. Cecil Cook? | {
"text": [
"the Northern Territory Protector of Natives,"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0c | Black_people | The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from... | Who did the government want raised as white? | {
"text": [
"\"half-caste\" individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0e | Black_people | The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from... | What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing? | {
"text": [
"speaking their native language and practising traditional customs"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0f | Black_people | The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from... | What was this process referred to? | {
"text": [
"the Stolen Generation"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4b | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | When did human rights for Aboriginal people begin to improve? | {
"text": [
"The second half of the 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4c | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | What year was constitutional discrimination ended? | {
"text": [
"1967"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4d | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | What else was included in the 1967 referendum? | {
"text": [
"to include Aborigines in the national census."
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4e | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | What term was embraced during this period? | {
"text": [
"\"black\""
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4f | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry? | {
"text": [
"Activist Bob Maza"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e55 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | Who wrote "Living Black? | {
"text": [
"Kevin Gilbert"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e57 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What was Living Black about? | {
"text": [
"a collection of Aboriginal people's stories"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e58 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998? | {
"text": [
"the Human Rights Award for Literature"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e59 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What was the award in 1998 for? | {
"text": [
"Inside Black Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
5706e4d990286e26004fc727 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | {
"text": [
"people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
5706e4d990286e26004fc728 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | {
"text": [
"resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
5706e4d990286e26004fc729 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander? | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
5706e4d990286e26004fc72a | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness? | {
"text": [
"Anthony Mundine"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
5706e4d990286e26004fc72b | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments? | {
"text": [
"Andrew Bolt"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc787 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Who described slaves as negars? | {
"text": [
"John Rolfe"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc788 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Where was John Rolfe? | {
"text": [
"Colonial America"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc789 | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa? | {
"text": [
"Virginia colony"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc78a | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City? | {
"text": [
"\"Begraafplaats van de Neger\""
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc78b | Black_people | In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Penns... | What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean? | {
"text": [
"Cemetery of the Negro"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79b | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? | {
"text": [
"By the 1900s"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79c | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What term replaced negro as mainstream? | {
"text": [
"colored"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79d | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What term followed "negro" and "colored"? | {
"text": [
"\"black\""
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79e | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? | {
"text": [
"the African-American Civil rights movement"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79f | Black_people | By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word... | Who led the Civil Rights movement? | {
"text": [
"Reverend Martin Luther King"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bb | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | How did black people identify in early America? | {
"text": [
"by their specific ethnic group"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bc | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | {
"text": [
"individual ethnic affiliations"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
570706b99e06ca38007e92be | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | How was the new African American identity defined? | {
"text": [
"This new identity was based on provenance and slave status"
],
"answer_start": [
968
]
} |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bf | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | {
"text": [
"French and Spanish colonists"
],
"answer_start": [
1148
]
} |
5707074190286e26004fc80f | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to? | {
"text": [
"the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
5707074190286e26004fc810 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for? | {
"text": [
"socially based racial classification related to being African American,"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
5707074190286e26004fc811 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | Where does the US base family history of African Americans from? | {
"text": [
"a family history associated with institutionalized slavery."
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
5707074190286e26004fc812 | Black_people | The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associat... | How are people defined as "black" or "white"? | {
"text": [
"they fulfill the social criteria"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
} |
570708619e06ca38007e92c7 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What year did Black leaders call for this change in language? | {
"text": [
"1835,"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
570708619e06ca38007e92c8 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What group decided to keep the "African" in their name? | {
"text": [
"the African Methodist Episcopal Church"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
570708619e06ca38007e92c9 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | What terms did African Americans use instead? | {
"text": [
"\"Negro\" or \"colored\""
],
"answer_start": [
718
]
} |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92d9 | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | {
"text": [
"Jesse Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92da | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument? | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92dc | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Who also argued for the term "African American"? | {
"text": [
"African-American"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92dd | Black_people | In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had ... | Why did some argue that "black" was the better term? | {
"text": [
"because \"African\" suggests foreignness"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
57070b1490286e26004fc83e | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What classification are given? | {
"text": [
"socio-political constructs"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
57070b1490286e26004fc83f | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry? | {
"text": [
"17–18%"
],
"answer_start": [
673
]
} |
57070b1490286e26004fc840 | Black_people | The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Cen... | What is the Census definition not based on? | {
"text": [
"scientific or anthropological"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
57070b889e06ca38007e92ff | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | What did the "one-drop" rule do? | {
"text": [
"classify as black a person of any known African ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
57070b889e06ca38007e9300 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When was the "one-drop" rule put into place? | {
"text": [
"early 20th century."
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
57070b889e06ca38007e9301 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When was racial definition more flexible? | {
"text": [
"18th and 19th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
57070b889e06ca38007e9302 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | What war changed the way the United States looked at race? | {
"text": [
"the American Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
57070b889e06ca38007e9303 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem? | {
"text": [
"1662"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
57070cab90286e26004fc85a | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | What defines "blackness"? | {
"text": [
"political orientation, culture and behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
57070cab90286e26004fc85b | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | What is the opposite of "blackness"? | {
"text": [
"\"acting white\""
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
57070cab90286e26004fc85d | Black_people | The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contr... | In what regards can one "act white"? | {
"text": [
"with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932d | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"? | {
"text": [
"Toni Morrison"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932e | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black? | {
"text": [
"Christopher Hitchens"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932f | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | Who is Toni Morrison? | {
"text": [
"Nobel Prize-winning novelist"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e9331 | Black_people | Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Chris... | What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset? | {
"text": [
"Rwandan Genocide"
],
"answer_start": [
1205
]
} |
57070e0c9e06ca38007e9341 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of? | {
"text": [
"John Punch"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
57070e0c9e06ca38007e9342 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Who is John Punch? | {
"text": [
"the first African slave in the Virginia colony"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
57070e0c9e06ca38007e9343 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | When was Punch indentured? | {
"text": [
"1640"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
57070e0c9e06ca38007e9344 | Black_people | In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to esc... | Why was he indentured for life? | {
"text": [
"trying to escape"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
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