id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57293b9f3f37b3190047813f | Alaska | Another Alaskan transportation method is the dogsled. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog mushing is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anch... | What does the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorate in Alaskan history? | {
"text": [
"the famous 1925 serum run to Nome"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
57293b9f3f37b31900478140 | Alaska | Another Alaskan transportation method is the dogsled. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog mushing is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anch... | Why were sled-dogs used to deliver medicine to Nome in 1925? | {
"text": [
"all other means of transportation had failed"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
57293b9f3f37b31900478141 | Alaska | Another Alaskan transportation method is the dogsled. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog mushing is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anch... | Which dogsled race most accurately follows the route of the 1925 serum run? | {
"text": [
"\"Serum Run\""
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
57293c5e6aef051400154bc0 | Alaska | Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to t... | Which two companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska? | {
"text": [
"GCI and Alaska Communications"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
57293c5e6aef051400154bc1 | Alaska | Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to t... | In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska announced? | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
57293c5e6aef051400154bc2 | Alaska | Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to t... | How much money did the federal government contribute via stimulus to the connectvitiy between Asia and Alaska? | {
"text": [
"$350 million"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
57293c5e6aef051400154bc3 | Alaska | Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to t... | Which company owns and operates the Alaska United Fiber Optic System? | {
"text": [
"GCI"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
57293ccf3f37b31900478165 | Alaska | To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two ... | How does Alaska finance its state government operations? | {
"text": [
"petroleum revenues and federal subsidies"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
57293ccf3f37b31900478166 | Alaska | To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two ... | How many states in the US do not have sales tax? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
57293ccf3f37b31900478167 | Alaska | To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two ... | How many US states do not collect an individual income tax? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
57293ccf3f37b31900478168 | Alaska | To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two ... | Which state has the lowest tax burden of the entire US? | {
"text": [
"Alaska"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
57293d8b3f37b31900478173 | Alaska | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | Which political party does Alaska generally support? | {
"text": [
"Republicans"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
57293d8b3f37b31900478174 | Alaska | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska? | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
57293d8b3f37b31900478175 | Alaska | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1964? | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
57293d8b3f37b31900478176 | Alaska | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1964? | {
"text": [
"Barack Obama"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
57293e123f37b31900478185 | Alaska | The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typical... | The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic stronghold? | {
"text": [
"University of Alaska Fairbanks"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
57293e123f37b31900478187 | Alaska | The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typical... | As of 2004, how many Alaskan residents refuse to select a political party? | {
"text": [
"well over half"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
57293ec33f37b31900478195 | Alaska | The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska. The... | Into how many recording districts is Alaska divided? | {
"text": [
"34"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
57293ec33f37b31900478196 | Alaska | The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska. The... | What is the function of an Alaskan recording district? | {
"text": [
"a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
57293ec33f37b31900478197 | Alaska | The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska. The... | Which documents do recording districts universally use between areas? | {
"text": [
"acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc."
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
57293f3e6aef051400154bd6 | Alaska | As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alas... | What are CDPs? | {
"text": [
"census-designated places"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
57293f3e6aef051400154bd7 | Alaska | As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alas... | How many incorporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2010 Census? | {
"text": [
"355"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
57293f3e6aef051400154bd8 | Alaska | As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alas... | Are the majority of CDPs connected or disconnected from the North American road network? | {
"text": [
"unconnected"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
57293f3e6aef051400154bd9 | Alaska | As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alas... | In what area are the majority of cities and CDPS located in Alaska? | {
"text": [
"\"The Bush\""
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
5729436b1d04691400779213 | Alaska | Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak,... | In 2010, what percent of Alaska's population did not live in a city or CDP? | {
"text": [
"2.88%"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
5729436b1d04691400779214 | Alaska | Of Alaska's 2010 Census population figure of 710,231, 20,429 people, or 2.88% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place. Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak,... | What four areas have not been established as CDPs by the Census Bureau? | {
"text": [
"Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
572943f4af94a219006aa213 | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | In what year did Alaskan State Troopers become an official organization? | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
572943f4af94a219006aa214 | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | What is different about a "Public Safety Officer" that distiguishes the position from a policeman? | {
"text": [
"have police training but do not carry firearms"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
572943f4af94a219006aa215 | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | What do wildlife enforcers regulate? | {
"text": [
"hunting and fishing regulations"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
572943f4af94a219006aa216 | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | What type of vehicles do Troopers operate? | {
"text": [
"a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles"
],
"answer_start": [
678
]
} |
572945531d04691400779229 | Alaska | There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the Alaska Folk Festival, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival, the Sitka Jazz Festival, and the Sitka Summer Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the Anchorage Symp... | What is Alaska's most prominent orchestra? | {
"text": [
"Anchorage Symphony Orchestra"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
572945531d0469140077922a | Alaska | There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the Alaska Folk Festival, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival, the Sitka Jazz Festival, and the Sitka Summer Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the Anchorage Symp... | Which company is Alaska's only professional opera? | {
"text": [
"The Anchorage Opera"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
572945bdaf94a219006aa237 | Alaska | One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in North... | Which Alaskan native starred in a film also set in Alaska? | {
"text": [
"Ray Mala"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
572945bdaf94a219006aa238 | Alaska | One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in North... | Where did actors on the set of The Magnificent live during their stay in Alaska? | {
"text": [
"\"Camp Hollywood\""
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
572945bdaf94a219006aa239 | Alaska | One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in North... | In what area of Alaska was Camp Hollywood located? | {
"text": [
"Northwest"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
572945bdaf94a219006aa23a | Alaska | One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in North... | Which chef was hired to prepare meals for the actors in The Magnificent? | {
"text": [
"from the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
57288c842ca10214002da464 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | Which classical views about the method of science did Popper reject? | {
"text": [
"inductivist"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57288c842ca10214002da465 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | Who proposed empirical falsification as the central principle of the scientific method? | {
"text": [
"Popper"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57288c842ca10214002da466 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | What is necessary for a scientific theory to be falsified? | {
"text": [
"decisive experiments"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
57288c842ca10214002da467 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | Which account of knowledge did Popper contest? | {
"text": [
"classical justificationist"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
57288c842ca10214002da468 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | What is the term for Popper's non-justificational theory of criticism? | {
"text": [
"critical rationalism"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
57288d6b3acd2414000dfaed | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | In which city was Karl Popper born? | {
"text": [
"Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
57288d6b3acd2414000dfaee | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | What religion did Popper's family observe during his youth? | {
"text": [
"Lutheranism"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
57288d6b3acd2414000dfaef | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | Whose law firm did Popper's father join in Vienna? | {
"text": [
"Burgomaster Herr Grübl"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
57288d6b3acd2414000dfaf0 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | What numerical range of volumes did Popper's father keep in his library? | {
"text": [
"12,000–14,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1031
]
} |
57288d6b3acd2414000dfaf1 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father? | {
"text": [
"bibliophile"
],
"answer_start": [
1011
]
} |
57288ea43acd2414000dfafb | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | At which age did Popper first attend university? | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
57288ea43acd2414000dfafc | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | What political doctrine interested Popper in 1919? | {
"text": [
"Marxism"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
57288ea43acd2414000dfafd | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | Which Austrian political party did Popper join as a youth? | {
"text": [
"Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
57288ea43acd2414000dfafe | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | What incident killed several of Poppers Marxist political comrades? | {
"text": [
"street battle in the Hörlgasse"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
57288ea43acd2414000dfaff | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | To which political philosophy did Popper continue to adhere after moving away from Marxism? | {
"text": [
"social liberalism"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
57288fbf3acd2414000dfb1f | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | What trade did Popper enter as an apprentice? | {
"text": [
"cabinetmaker"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
57288fbf3acd2414000dfb20 | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | What type of facility did Popper plan to open that would benefit from his furniture-making skills? | {
"text": [
"daycare"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
57288fbf3acd2414000dfb21 | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | In which psychoanalysts clinics did Popper volunteer? | {
"text": [
"Alfred Adler"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
57288fbf3acd2414000dfb22 | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | When did Popper become an ordinary student rather than a guest at university? | {
"text": [
"1922"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
57288fbf3acd2414000dfb23 | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | For which vocation did Popper complete his university examinations? | {
"text": [
"elementary teacher"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
572891182ca10214002da478 | Karl_Popper | In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.... | Who supervised Popper's doctorate? | {
"text": [
"Karl Bühler"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
572891182ca10214002da479 | Karl_Popper | In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.... | What is an English translation of the title of Popper's doctoral thesis? | {
"text": [
"The question of method in cognitive psychology"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
572891182ca10214002da47a | Karl_Popper | In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.... | What subjects was Popper authorized to teach in secondary school in 1929? | {
"text": [
"mathematics and physics"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
572891182ca10214002da47b | Karl_Popper | In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.... | Whose rise to power motivated Popper to publish his work in hopes of obtaining an academic position abroad? | {
"text": [
"Nazism"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
572891182ca10214002da47c | Karl_Popper | In 1928, he earned a doctorate in psychology, under the supervision of Karl Bühler. His dissertation was entitled "Die Methodenfrage der Denkpsychologie" (The question of method in cognitive psychology). In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.... | In which work published in 1934 did Popper introduce his theories centered around falsifiability? | {
"text": [
"The Logic of Scientific Discovery"
],
"answer_start": [
871
]
} |
5728929aff5b5019007da30a | Karl_Popper | In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the ... | Where did Popper move in 1937? | {
"text": [
"New Zealand"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
5728929aff5b5019007da30b | Karl_Popper | In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the ... | Where was Popper's academic appointment in New Zealand? | {
"text": [
"Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5728929aff5b5019007da30c | Karl_Popper | In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the ... | Which lifelong friend did Popper make in Dunedin? | {
"text": [
"John Carew Eccles"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
5728929aff5b5019007da30d | Karl_Popper | In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the ... | What philosophical fields did Popper teach at the London School of Economics? | {
"text": [
"logic and scientific method"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
5728929aff5b5019007da30e | Karl_Popper | In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the ... | Which Austrian school's failure to give Popper a directorship prompted him to return to the United Kingdom at the end of his life? | {
"text": [
"Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft"
],
"answer_start": [
1008
]
} |
5728935fff5b5019007da314 | Karl_Popper | Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent... | How old was Popper when he died? | {
"text": [
"92"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
5728935fff5b5019007da315 | Karl_Popper | Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent... | Which cemetery in Vienna received Popper's ashes? | {
"text": [
"Lainzer"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
5728935fff5b5019007da316 | Karl_Popper | Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent... | Where are Popper's manuscripts kept now? | {
"text": [
"Hoover Institution at Stanford University"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
5728935fff5b5019007da317 | Karl_Popper | Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent... | Which university has the contents of Popper's library? | {
"text": [
"Klagenfurt University"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} |
5728935fff5b5019007da318 | Karl_Popper | Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994. He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill. After cremation, his ashes were taken to Vienna and buried at Lainzer cemetery adjacent... | What was Popper's wife's name? | {
"text": [
"Josefine Anna Popper"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
5728a1ddff5b5019007da35e | Karl_Popper | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | Which award did Popper receive from the American Political Science Association? | {
"text": [
"Lippincott Award"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5728a1ddff5b5019007da360 | Karl_Popper | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | Who gave Popper its Humanist Laureate Award? | {
"text": [
"International Academy of Humanism"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
5728a1ddff5b5019007da361 | Karl_Popper | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | Which English monarch knighted Popper? | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth II"
],
"answer_start": [
746
]
} |
5728a1ddff5b5019007da362 | Karl_Popper | Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's Col... | Which central European university made Popper a fellow? | {
"text": [
"Charles University, Prague"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
5728a2bfff5b5019007da37a | Karl_Popper | Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Socie... | In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize? | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
5728a2bfff5b5019007da37b | Karl_Popper | Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Socie... | Which city made Popper part of its Ring of Honour in 1983? | {
"text": [
"Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
5728a2bfff5b5019007da37c | Karl_Popper | Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Socie... | What award given by a Japanese foundation did Popper win in 1992? | {
"text": [
"Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
5728a2bfff5b5019007da37d | Karl_Popper | Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Socie... | Popper won the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize in which year? | {
"text": [
"1981"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
5728a4824b864d1900164b46 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he qu... | What political philosophy that attracted Popper as a teenager had a profound influence on his thinking going forward? | {
"text": [
"Marxism"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
5728a4824b864d1900164b47 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he qu... | For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist? | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
5728a4824b864d1900164b48 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he qu... | At which stage of life was Popper most strongly influenced by Marxist thinking? | {
"text": [
"teenage years"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
5728a4824b864d1900164b49 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he qu... | How did Popper feel about Marxism after only a short time associating with other Marxists? | {
"text": [
"disillusioned"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
5728a5ce4b864d1900164b6c | Karl_Popper | The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ... | What political ideology dominated Austrian politics in the decades before the second world war? | {
"text": [
"fascism"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
5728a5ce4b864d1900164b6d | Karl_Popper | The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ... | What key event in 1938 pushed Popper into exile from Austria? | {
"text": [
"the Anschluss"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
5728a5ce4b864d1900164b6e | Karl_Popper | The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ... | What political ideology do Popper's major works defend? | {
"text": [
"democratic liberalism"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
5728a5ce4b864d1900164b6f | Karl_Popper | The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ... | What form of political organization do Popper's works mainly critique? | {
"text": [
"totalitarianism"
],
"answer_start": [
815
]
} |
5728a5ce4b864d1900164b70 | Karl_Popper | The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most ... | What was the Anschluss? | {
"text": [
"the annexation of Austria by the German Reich"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
5728a7583acd2414000dfbef | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories? | {
"text": [
"Freud and Adler"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5728a7583acd2414000dfbf0 | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | Whose recent breakthrough in physics did Popper view as paradigmatic science? | {
"text": [
"Einstein"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5728a7583acd2414000dfbf1 | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | What quality of the theory of relativity did Popper believe made it proper science? | {
"text": [
"risky"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
5728a7583acd2414000dfbf2 | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | What did Popper think psychoanalytic theory shared more feature with than real science ? | {
"text": [
"primitive myths"
],
"answer_start": [
842
]
} |
5728a7583acd2414000dfbf3 | Karl_Popper | Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thou... | What could you not do to psychoanalytic theory that Popper believed crucial in genuine science? | {
"text": [
"falsify"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
5728a9042ca10214002da550 | Karl_Popper | This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The na... | According to Popper, a theory is scientific only is it is susceptible to what? | {
"text": [
"falsification"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
5728a9042ca10214002da551 | Karl_Popper | This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The na... | What key components of science are ineffective when brought to bear on non-scientific theories? | {
"text": [
"criticism or experiment"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
5728a9042ca10214002da552 | Karl_Popper | This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The na... | How did Popper characterize the wide applicability and immunity to criticism of psychoanalytic theory? | {
"text": [
"weaknesses"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
5728a9fe3acd2414000dfc4f | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | What term did Popper use for his philosophy? | {
"text": [
"critical rationalism"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
5728a9fe3acd2414000dfc50 | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | Which account of scientific method did Popper's repudiate? | {
"text": [
"the classical observationalist-inductivist account"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
5728a9fe3acd2414000dfc51 | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | What was Popper's position on classical empiricism? | {
"text": [
"rejection"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
5728a9fe3acd2414000dfc52 | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | According to Popper, what is the only way one can test scientific theories because they are necessarily abstract? | {
"text": [
"indirectly"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
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