id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572b7c07f75d5e190021fe01 | Idealism | "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the... | What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself? | {
"text": [
"subconsciousness"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
572b7c07f75d5e190021fe02 | Idealism | "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the... | What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality? | {
"text": [
"mental"
],
"answer_start": [
732
]
} |
572b7c07f75d5e190021fe03 | Idealism | "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the... | According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental? | {
"text": [
"physicist"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
572b7c07f75d5e190021fe04 | Idealism | "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the... | What is the main thing that we experience? | {
"text": [
"mind"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc2 | Czech_language | Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relat... | What was Czech formerly known as? | {
"text": [
"Bohemian"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc3 | Czech_language | Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relat... | What languages strongly influenced Czech? | {
"text": [
"Latin and German"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc4 | Czech_language | Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relat... | Over how many million people speak Czech? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
572b6c54f75d5e190021fdc6 | Czech_language | Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech's closest relat... | What vocabulary associated with higher classed culture have been adopted over the years? | {
"text": [
"loanwords"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
572b6d5934ae481900deadf7 | Czech_language | The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of wi... | What deliberate action has been done to some languages in the name of nationalism? | {
"text": [
"highlighting of minor linguistic differences"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
572b6d5934ae481900deadf8 | Czech_language | The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of wi... | What language family is Czech? | {
"text": [
"Slavic"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
572b6d5934ae481900deadf9 | Czech_language | The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of wi... | Why did many Slavic languages distance themselves from Russian influences? | {
"text": [
"resentment against the former Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
572b6d5934ae481900deadfa | Czech_language | The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of wi... | When did the Soviet Union occupy Czechoslovakia? | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
572b6d5934ae481900deadfb | Czech_language | The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of wi... | What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with? | {
"text": [
"Slovak"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838d | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | How much do the lexicons of Czech and Slovak differ, according to on study? | {
"text": [
"by 80 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838e | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from? | {
"text": [
"differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
572b701cbe1ee31400cb838f | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech? | {
"text": [
"when changing from the nominative to the locative case"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
572b701cbe1ee31400cb8390 | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | The most differences between Czech and Slovak can be found in colloquial vocabulary as well as what? | {
"text": [
"some scientific terminology"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
572b701cbe1ee31400cb8391 | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech? | {
"text": [
"borrowed words"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8397 | Czech_language | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"? | {
"text": [
"a group of 19th-century scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8398 | Czech_language | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language? | {
"text": [
"The similarities"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b71c2be1ee31400cb8399 | Czech_language | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | When was the first Czechoslovak Republic? | {
"text": [
"1918–1938"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
572b71c2be1ee31400cb839a | Czech_language | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | What was standard written Slovak partially modeled on? | {
"text": [
"literary Czech"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
572b71c2be1ee31400cb839b | Czech_language | The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs... | When was the Prague Spring? | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
1051
]
} |
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a1 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | When did a tribe of Slavs arrive in Central Europe? | {
"text": [
"sixth century AD"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a2 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | Who was the hero who led the Slavs to their new home, according to legend? | {
"text": [
"Čech"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a3 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | What did the ninth century bring? | {
"text": [
"state of Great Moravia"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a4 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | Whose influence was Rastislav eager to reduce, when he invited Michael III to send missionaries? | {
"text": [
"East Francia"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a5 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | What alphabet did the missionaries bring to the West Slavs? | {
"text": [
"Glagolitic"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
572b8668f75d5e190021fe28 | Czech_language | The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, decle... | By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from? | {
"text": [
"other Slavic tongues"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
572b8668f75d5e190021fe29 | Czech_language | The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, decle... | How long was the precursor to Czech classified as Old Czech? | {
"text": [
"through the sixteenth century"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
572b8668f75d5e190021fe2b | Czech_language | The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, decle... | How many cases did Old Czech have? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
572b8668f75d5e190021fe2c | Czech_language | The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century. Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, decle... | What other language did Old Czech's declension patterns resemble? | {
"text": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
572b87a334ae481900deae71 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | What type of orthography did Old Czech lack? | {
"text": [
"standard"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
572b87a334ae481900deae72 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | Why aren't some sound clusters used in modern Czech? | {
"text": [
"no longer exist"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
572b87a334ae481900deae73 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | How did old Czech allow some complex consonant clusters to be pronounced? | {
"text": [
"all at once"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
572b87a334ae481900deae74 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | What type of phenomenon is Havlik's law? | {
"text": [
"phonological"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
572b87a334ae481900deae75 | Czech_language | While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consona... | Which "yer"s were vocalized as vowels? | {
"text": [
"every odd-numbered"
],
"answer_start": [
575
]
} |
572b8885be1ee31400cb8419 | Czech_language | Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl... | What was Czech civilization called back in the day? | {
"text": [
"Bohemia"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b8885be1ee31400cb841a | Czech_language | Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl... | What Holy Roman Emperor expedited the growth of Bohemia in the 14th century? | {
"text": [
"Charles IV"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
572b8885be1ee31400cb841b | Czech_language | Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl... | When was Charles University founded in Prague? | {
"text": [
"1348"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
572b8885be1ee31400cb841c | Czech_language | Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl... | Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography? | {
"text": [
"Jan Hus"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
572b8885be1ee31400cb841d | Czech_language | Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance. This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348. Here, early Czech literature (a biblical transl... | What did Jan Hus advocate for among the Czech commoners? | {
"text": [
"widespread literacy"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
572b8919f75d5e190021fe38 | Czech_language | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | How many years as Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance? | {
"text": [
"hundreds"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
572b8919f75d5e190021fe39 | Czech_language | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | When was the Kralice Bible published? | {
"text": [
"late sixteenth century"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3a | Czech_language | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | What did the publication of the Kralice Bible spawn? | {
"text": [
"widespread nationalism"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3b | Czech_language | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | In what war were the Czechs defeated at the Battle of White Mountain? | {
"text": [
"Thirty Years' War"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} |
572b8919f75d5e190021fe3c | Czech_language | Czech continued to evolve and gain in regional importance for hundreds of years, and has been a literary language in the Slovak lands since the early fifteenth century. A biblical translation, the Kralice Bible, was published during the late sixteenth century (around the time of the King James and Luther versions) whic... | What language became dominant in Bohemia after the Czech's defeat? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
998
]
} |
572b8a3b34ae481900deae83 | Czech_language | The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understa... | When do linguists agree modern Czech originated? | {
"text": [
"the eighteenth century"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
572b8a3b34ae481900deae84 | Czech_language | The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understa... | What had Czech developed by the 18th century? | {
"text": [
"literary tradition"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
572b8a3b34ae481900deae85 | Czech_language | The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understa... | Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what? | {
"text": [
"modern standard Czech"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
572b8a3b34ae481900deae86 | Czech_language | The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understa... | How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century? | {
"text": [
"little"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
572b8a3b34ae481900deae87 | Czech_language | The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understa... | What did the Czech language abandon which survives in Slovak? | {
"text": [
"a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
572b8b54111d821400f38efc | Czech_language | The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had ... | What did the Czechs as a people gain during the mid-18th century? | {
"text": [
"widespread national pride"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
572b8b54111d821400f38efd | Czech_language | The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had ... | What inspired the Czech's national pride? | {
"text": [
"Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
572b8b54111d821400f38efe | Czech_language | The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had ... | What did Czech historians emphasize about their countrymen? | {
"text": [
"accomplishments"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
572b8b54111d821400f38eff | Czech_language | The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had ... | What did Czech philologists advocate? | {
"text": [
"the return of the language to high culture"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
572b8b54111d821400f38f00 | Czech_language | The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier. Czech historians began to emphasize their people's accomplishments from the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, rebelling against the Counter-Reformation (which had ... | What is the period during the mid-eighteenth century also remembered as? | {
"text": [
"Czech National Revival"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
572b8eb4111d821400f38f06 | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský? | {
"text": [
"linguist and historian"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
572b8eb4111d821400f38f07 | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech? | {
"text": [
"1809"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
572b8eb4111d821400f38f08 | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as? | {
"text": [
"a major language"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
572b8eb4111d821400f38f09 | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What did Josef Jungmann advocate for? | {
"text": [
"a Czech linguistic revival"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
572b8eb4111d821400f38f0a | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use? | {
"text": [
"Modern scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f10 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | What is the official language of the Czech republic? | {
"text": [
"Czech"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f11 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | How long has the Czech Republic been a member of the European Union? | {
"text": [
"since 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f12 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | What distinction does Czech have in Slovakia? | {
"text": [
"foreign language most often used"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f13 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | Who collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages? | {
"text": [
"Jonathan van Parys"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
572b8f5d111d821400f38f14 | Czech_language | Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t... | Of the five countries with the greatest use of Czech, which country had the lowest percent of use? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
572b8fff111d821400f38f1a | Czech_language | Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czec... | Czechs immigrated from Europe to the U.S. primary from 1848 to when? | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
572b8fff111d821400f38f1b | Czech_language | Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czec... | What kind of language is Czech in U.S. schools? | {
"text": [
"a Less Commonly Taught Language"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
572b8fff111d821400f38f1c | Czech_language | Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czec... | What states have large communities of Czech Americans? | {
"text": [
"Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
572b8fff111d821400f38f1d | Czech_language | Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czec... | What is the most commonly spoken non-English language at homes nationwide in the U.S.? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
572b8fff111d821400f38f1e | Czech_language | Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czec... | How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009? | {
"text": [
"70,500"
],
"answer_start": [
717
]
} |
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8443 | Czech_language | In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use w... | How many regional dialects does Czech have? | {
"text": [
"several"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8444 | Czech_language | In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use w... | Where are dialects of Czech commonly found? | {
"text": [
"rural areas"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8445 | Czech_language | In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use w... | What is dialect use associated with and thus stigmatized because of? | {
"text": [
"lower class"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8446 | Czech_language | In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use w... | What kind of scholarly interest has Czech received? | {
"text": [
"considerable"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
572b90bdbe1ee31400cb8447 | Czech_language | In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use w... | What Czech dialect is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media? | {
"text": [
"Common"
],
"answer_start": [
878
]
} |
572b916d111d821400f38f24 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as? | {
"text": [
"Moravian"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
572b916d111d821400f38f25 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language? | {
"text": [
"the Austro-Hungarian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
572b916d111d821400f38f26 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | Which of the Czech dialects is the only one distinguished in the nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office? | {
"text": [
"Moravian"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
572b916d111d821400f38f27 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | How many Czechs spoke Moravian as their first language as of 2011? | {
"text": [
"62,908"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
572b916d111d821400f38f28 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011? | {
"text": [
"45,561"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe52 | Czech_language | Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t... | How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain? | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe53 | Czech_language | Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t... | Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech? | {
"text": [
"loanwords"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe54 | Czech_language | Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t... | What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed? | {
"text": [
"schwa sounds"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe55 | Czech_language | Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t... | What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech? | {
"text": [
"first syllable"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
572b91e5f75d5e190021fe56 | Czech_language | Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced t... | What is stress unrelated to in Czech? | {
"text": [
"vowel length"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
572b928534ae481900deae9f | Czech_language | Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in... | In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with? | {
"text": [
"high culture"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
572b928534ae481900deaea0 | Czech_language | Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in... | What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots? | {
"text": [
"Greek and Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
572b928534ae481900deaea1 | Czech_language | Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in... | How does one say the word "music" in Czech? | {
"text": [
"hudba"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
572b928534ae481900deaea2 | Czech_language | Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in... | What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from? | {
"text": [
"robota"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
572b928534ae481900deaea3 | Czech_language | Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in... | What is the meaning of the Czech word "robota"? | {
"text": [
"labor"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe64 | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence? | {
"text": [
"grammatical case"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe65 | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what? | {
"text": [
"a verb"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe66 | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech? | {
"text": [
"information"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe67 | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns? | {
"text": [
"Enclitics"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
572b9bdef75d5e190021fe68 | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | Where must enclitics appear in a sentence? | {
"text": [
"second syntactic slot"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8465 | Czech_language | Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed P... | What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax? | {
"text": [
"subject–verb–object"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8466 | Czech_language | Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed P... | Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for? | {
"text": [
"topicalization and focus"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8467 | Czech_language | Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed P... | What kind of passive construction does Czech have? | {
"text": [
"periphrastic"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
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