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10,400 | Please write an abstract with title: An architectural framework for composition and execution of complex learning processes, and key words: Service oriented architecture, Context modeling, Process design, International collaboration, Gold. Abstract: A complex learning process (CLP) is understood as the result of the dynamic and unanticipated integration of diverse pedagogical approaches in a learning process, based on the collaboration between instructors and learners. Educational modeling languages are used to specify and design learning processes that can be adaptable to the demands of a particular pedagogical context. Based upon IMS service-oriented architectural principles, a framework for learning process composition and execution is presented. The objective of that framework is to enable the dynamic and unanticipated composition of distributed learning services. This is guided by a case study of how this framework can be implemented in a complex learning scenario. |
10,401 | Please write an abstract with title: The optimization of CNN fruit recognition based on Dbscan and SLIC algorithm, and key words: Industries, Image color analysis, Shape, Signal processing algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Signal processing, Big Data. Abstract: In the era of big data, with the development of digital management and distribution, it is inevitable to improve the degree of intelligence in agricultural industry. Therefore, the recognition and classification of agricultural products like fruit is requiring optimization. In this paper, the CNN fruit recognition system is built for recognizing different types of fruits and reclassifying each recognized fruit to the corresponding labels. Two algorithms are used for improving the accuracy of this system. According to the feature extractions of the original images of fruits, Dbscan algorithm preprocessing focuses on the shape of fruits by separating the main body of fruit from the background, and SLIC algorithm preprocessing enhances the LAB value of image by clustering the pixels in the super-pixel color blocks. |
10,402 | Please write an abstract with title: A method of test plan grouping to shorten test length for RTL data paths under a test controller area constraint, and key words: Logic circuit testing, Logic design, Design for testability, Integer programming, Combinational logic circuits. Abstract: This paper proposes a test generation method using several partly compacted test plan tables for RTL data paths. Combinational modules in data paths are tested using several partly compacted test plan tables. Each partly compacted test plan table is generated from each grouped test plan set and is used to test combinational modules corresponding to the grouped test plans. The values of control signals in a partly compacted test plan table are supplied from a test controller. This paper also proposes the architecture of a test controller which can be synthesized in a reasonable amount of time, and proposes a test plan grouping method to shorten the test length for data paths under a test controller area constraint. Experimental results for benchmarks show that the test lengths are shortened by 4 to 36 % with 9 to 8 % additional test controller area compared with the test generation method using test plans. |
10,403 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Text Steganographic Scheme Based on Multilingual Approach for Secure Data Communication, and key words: Steganography, Data security, Information security, White spaces, Media, Robustness, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Nowadays, as communication through different internet mediums is increasing rapidly, information security is a huge concern among people of all backgrounds. Text steganography is the method of ensuring data security by concealing any secret message using cover media in such a way that no naked eyes can identify the modification of cover texts. This paper proposes a Bit-Level Embedding Technique, a variant of text steganography, to hide secret messages in the cover medium by manipulating the white spaces available in a text medium and utilizing various Latin alphabets while assuring its confidentiality not attracting suspicion from its appearance. Finally, several experiments and comparisons have been conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of embedding capacity, invisibility, robustness, and security that make this a standard text steganographic method. The authors propose a data hiding technique where 5-bit can be embedded per embeddable location, which is very rare in text steganography, and the utilization of multilingual forms of English alphabets gives this technique a superior performance. |
10,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling the effect of Rayleigh damping on the stability of real-time finite element models, and key words: Damping, Stability, Finite element methods, Computational modeling, Haptic interfaces, Material properties, Minimally invasive surgery, Shape control, Robots, Laboratories. Abstract: The relationship between Rayleigh damping and the critical integration step size of linear explicit finite element models using centered difference integration is explored. From experimental results, an analytical formula is derived that extends the Courant condition to include Rayleigh damping, allowing real-time computation of stable time-step sizes for viscously damped finite element models for haptic simulations. |
10,405 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Brillouin Properties in High-Loss Doped Silica Waveguides by Comparison Experiment, and key words: Optical waveguides, Scattering, Silicon compounds, Optical pumping, Gain, Power measurement, Probes. Abstract: We propose a novel scheme to investigate the Brillouin properties of waveguides with high loss and severe reflection through comparison experiments with a single-mode fiber (SMF). An optical filter is adopted to filter the reflected pump light. Brillouin scattering is detected with a lock-in amplifier (LIA). To obtain a large Brillouin gain in a short medium, a modulation signal with a time width of 2 ms is applied. With application of the mathematical relationship between the output power and measurement range of the LIA, the measured Brillouin gains of the waveguides and the SMF are normalized to derive the relationship among the Brillouin gain coefficients. This scheme is verified on two doped silica waveguides. The Brillouin scattering properties of the doped silica waveguides are further described and the Brillouin gain coefficients are derived. |
10,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Proposal for a solution to improve access to mathematics and philosophy education in Senegal thanks to SDN and IPTV, and key words: IPTV, Education, Mathematics, Streaming media, Automation, Computer architecture. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to contribute to the access to quality education in Mathematics and Philosophy for all children in the country, including those in remote areas of the capital, through an IPTV platform. To do this, we offer an SDN network integrated into an IPTV infrastructure in order to have an agile and automated interactive platform, but capable of video streaming. Interactivity is managed by Verto-FreeSwitch, agility, streaming and automation are the responsibility of SDN. The interactive IPTV server performs a multicast broadcast for learners. With a web browser or an IPTV client, learners can follow courses and interact in real time with teachers via the Verto-FreeSwitch module. The use of SDN allows to benefit from a better configuration of equipment to optimize data storage servers, but when coupled with IPTV they allow democratization of access to Mathematics and Philosophy courses. |
10,407 | Please write an abstract with title: A 34ns 1Mb CMOS SRAM using triple poly, and key words: Random access memory, Read-write memory, Artificial intelligence, CMOS process, MOS devices. Abstract: THIS REPORT will describe a 128KW x 8b CMOS SRAM with an access time of 34ns and a standby current of 2μA. The RAM was fabricated using triple polysilicon and single aluminum CMOS technology with 0.8μm minimum features. A high resistive third polysilicon load has been developed to realize a low stanby du443n5. To obtain a faster access time, a architecture of 16 block and a Data-Output presetting technique combined with ATD are used. |
10,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Catch Me If You Learn: Real-Time Attack Detection and Mitigation in Learning Enabled CPS, and key words: Training, Upper bound, System performance, Process control, Reinforcement learning, Real-time systems, Safety. Abstract: Increased dependence on networked, software-based control has escalated the vulnerabilities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Detection and monitoring components developed leveraging dynamical systems theory are often employed as lightweight security measures for protecting such safety-critical CPSs against false data injection attacks. However, existing approaches do not correlate attack scenarios with parameters of detection systems. In this work, we propose real-time attack detection and mitigation strategies for safety-critical CPSs. A Reinforcement Learning (RL) based framework is presented which adaptively sets the parameters of such detectors based on experience learned from attack scenarios. The detection system is provided with a suitable training environment to learn how to maximize the detection rate while minimizing false alarms. Along with the objective of attack detection, our framework also attempts to preserve system performance by judiciously choosing control actions based on the operating region. Our proposed method i) mathematically establishes a detection strategy for fast and accurate FDI attack detection, ii) correlates the key parameters of the detection system by learning from attack scenarios, and iii) incorporates a real-time attack mitigation strategy that uses formally synthesized fast controllers, thus creating an end-to-end defense against FDI attacks for safety-critical CPSs. We evaluate our proposed method using well-known safety-critical CPS examples. |
10,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Segmentation of Finger Nails Image based on Image Processing methods, and key words: Image segmentation, Image edge detection, Nails, Fingers, Gray-scale, Diabetes. Abstract: This research has aim to segmentation of finger nails image using image processing methods and k-means region growing. Finger nails image could be used as early detection of diabetes mellitus. The steps in research are preprocessing step and segmentation step. Preprocessing step consist of image grayscale conversion, median filter, edge detection sobel operator and dilation. The aim of preprocessing step is to enhancement image before segmentation process is applied in image. Therefore, segmentation step using k-means region growing approach. The result show that accuracy rate of methods is 54.67%. In the next research, segmentation of finger nails image could use other methods that show better result. |
10,410 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of low-cost EEG system providing on-demand communication for locked-in patients, and key words: Headphones, Electrodes, Presses, Conferences, Electroencephalography, Hardware. Abstract: Humans with severe speech and motor impairments, such as those with locked-in syndrome, experience difficulty initiating communication with caregivers. Without the ability to press a button or vocalize their requests, they must rely on in-person caregivers to anticipate their needs and communicate through eye movements or expensive and difficult to maintain systems. In this feasibility study, our research demonstrates that low-cost hardware including a consumer-grade, dry electrode EEG headset can be used to detect customizable blink patterns to send notifications to a caregiver's smartphone anywhere with an internet connection. This restores the patient's ability to communicate on-demand and when their caregiver is not physically present in the same room. Low-cost equipment also improves access for monetarily constrained situations. |
10,411 | Please write an abstract with title: A Parameter Design Method Suitable for Single-Phase Single-Stage AC/DC LLC Converter, and key words: AC-DC power converters, Numerical analysis, Prototypes, Voltage, Zero voltage switching, Harmonic analysis, Power electronics. Abstract: The single-stage AC/DC converter based on LLC can achieve high compactness due to its zero-voltage switching characteristic. However, due to the nonlinear characteristic of LLC and complex operation mode of the single-stage AC/DC converter, the traditional parameter design methods based on First order Harmonics Approximation (FHA) or State-trajectory analysis method are not suitable. The parameter design of this kind of converters become very complicated. In this paper, a series of parameter design procedure of single-phase single-stage AC/DC LLC converter based on numerical analysis is present. This procedure takes the gain requirement, soft-switching condition and efficiency of the converter into account. An example with the power of 1kW and output voltage of 48Vdc is built to verify the procedure of parameter design for the single-stage AC/DC LLC converter. |
10,412 | Please write an abstract with title: RT-SHPM imaging of Permalloy microstructures and garnet films using new high performance InSb sensors, and key words: Microstructure, Garnet films, Image sensors, Hall effect devices, Magnetic field measurement, Temperature sensors, Magnetic sensors, Magnetic force microscopy, Noise level, High-resolution imaging. Abstract: Summary form only given. Scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) is a quantitative and noninvasive technique to image magnetic samples with high spatial and magnetic field resolution: /spl sim/120 nm & 6/spl times/10/sup -6/T//spl radic/(Hz) at room temperature. A sub-micron Hall probe is scanned over the sample surface to measure the surface magnetic fields using conventional scanning tunneling microscopy-positioning techniques. We have developed new low noise, high performance InSb Hall sensors for room temperature scanning Hall probe microscopy (RT-SHPM), which has a noise level of 6/spl times/10/sup -7/T//spl radic/(Hz). |
10,413 | Please write an abstract with title: An extension of Elmore's delay and its application for timing analysis of MOS pass transistor networks, and key words: Timing, MOSFETs, Computational modeling, Design automation, Threshold voltage, Circuit simulation, Delay effects, Nonlinear equations, Application software, Transient response. Abstract: This work extends the notion of delay defined by Elmore [2] to accommodate the effect of non-unit-step (slow) excitations for MOS pass networks. Following Horowitz [3], each pass transistor in a pass network is modeled as a nonlinear device. A single value of delay for each node in a pass network is then derived by performing a state-space ana on the network model. This approach offers a provision to deal with excitations and it provides a compact delay expression in closed-form. |
10,414 | Please write an abstract with title: Cellular Subscriber Lines (CSL): A Wireless-Wireline Physically Converged Architecture, and key words: Licenses, Optical fibers. Abstract: Wireless-wireline convergence and cellular wireless deployment can economically accelerate through partial transmission of wireless 4G, 5G (generally 3GPP-standards-compliant), and/or Wi-Fi 6 baseband signals on the billions of copper phone, Ethernet, coaxial cable, and other wireline connections. This article poses such a Cellular Subscriber Lines (CSL) re-use architecture and investigates large bandwidth-efficiency gains, as well as the consequent cost-efficiency improvement that accrues for CSL's deployment infrastructure. In-home wireless signals' seamless distribution partially over copper links can achieve good data-rate-versus-distance profile. Results here also expand to Wi-Fi (possibly with MIMO use) on Ethernet multi-pair cables, finding very large gains over existing enterprise mesh (ad-hoc or otherwise) approaches. |
10,415 | Please write an abstract with title: Utilization of Different Wireless Technologies’ RSSI for Indoor Environment Classification Using Support Vector Machine, and key words: Wireless communication, Support vector machines, Location awareness, Zigbee, Interference, Indoor environment, Classification algorithms. Abstract: This paper presents the development of three indoor environment classifier model using support vector machine algorithm with Gaussian Kernel for three different wireless technology. The dataset that was used in this paper contained RSSI from three nodes for each wireless technology. Three different type of indoor environment was considered in this paper namely, small room with low interference, small room with high interference and large room with medium interference. Based on the results of the validation and testing for the three models, an overall accuracy of 57.1% was obtained for the classifier model using the RSSI of Zigbee technology while 84.8% was obtained for the model using the RSSI of BLE and 86.7% for the model using the RSSI of Wi-Fi technology. This corresponds to a conclusion that the model based on the RSSI of Wi-Fi technology is the best classifier model among the three for indoor environment classification. This paper can be used to further increase the accuracy of indoor localization using RSSI. |
10,416 | Please write an abstract with title: Wavelength-switchable fiber laser for thermally stabilized fiber Bragg grating vibration sensor array, and key words: Sensor arrays, Optical fiber sensors, Fiber lasers, Laser stability, Thermal sensors, Optical arrays, Optical sensors, Fiber gratings, Bragg gratings, Temperature sensors. Abstract: A novel erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) has been proposed to implement an optical source of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensor array based on intensity modulation technique. The laser consists of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), an optical coupler and an optical switch with tuning FBGs, in which the lasing wavelength is determined by the Bragg wavelength of the selected timing FBG to serve as an optical source of one of the arrayed FBG sensors. In addition, the temperature effects on the sensor outputs due to environmental temperature can be compensated when the temperature changes are applied commonly to both the tuning and sensing FBGs. In the experiment, multipoint vibration detection with a temperature-insensitive operation is successfully demonstrated by constructing two sensor elements arranged in tandem. |
10,417 | Please write an abstract with title: Congestion Perception Based on Load Estimation in Spread Spectrum Aloha, and key words: Access control, Satellites, Protocols, Simulation, Estimation, Throughput, Satellite communication. Abstract: Satellite communication plays an irreplaceable role in realizing the seamless coverage and improving the operation efficiency of the broadband network. In order to ensure the stable operation of the satellite system, it is necessary to study the access congestion perception. The current researches mainly perceive the possible congestion through the estimation and prediction of the load. But few people have studied the congestion perception technology in the case of spread spectrum Aloha. Spread-spectrum Aloha technology has the advantage of improving throughput, and it can solve the problem of mobile terminal power limitation. This paper studies how to perceive access congestion when the advantage of pure spread-spectrum Aloha multi-access technology is extended to the geosynchronous orbit satellite system with regional space. This paper presents the mathematical model of spread spectrum Aloha multiple access and analyzes its throughput performance. We simulate and analyze the proposed load estimation scheme. The RMS error of simulation results is less than 2. |
10,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Coupled Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Seabed Hexapod Robot, and key words: Legged locomotion, Force, Torque, Hydrodynamics, Manipulator dynamics. Abstract: With the development of human exploration of the ocean, the manipulation capability of underwater detection equipment in the marine has become one of the key technologies that restrict the development of deep-sea exploration and work. In this paper, we propose a new type of hexapod robot that works on the seabed. Two manipulator arms are installed in the front of the body for mining seabed minerals. In order to design and control a seabed hexapod robot, the dynamics on the seabed are analyzed. Considering the complex seabed environment, the interactions between the arms, legs, body and seabed environment are analyzed and calculated, and a water-terrain-robot coupled dynamic modeling method is proposed. Based on the Vortex simulation platform, a predictive simulation platform for a seabed hexapod robot with two working arms was developed to verify the coupled dynamic model. Simulation results show that the coupled dynamic model is correct. |
10,419 | Please write an abstract with title: BINTEST - search-based test case generation, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Automatic testing, Software testing, Telematics, Computer science, Automatic generation control, Terminology, Computer applications, Application software, Software algorithms. Abstract: One of the important tasks during software testing is the generation of test cases. Various approaches have been proposed to automate this task. The approaches available, however, often have problems limiting their use. A problem of dynamic test case generation approaches, for instance, is that a large number of iterations can be necessary to obtain test cases. This article proposes a novel algorithm for path-oriented test case generation based on binary search and describes a possible implementation. |
10,420 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hardware-Software Co-designed Low Latency AES-RC4 Cryptosystem, and key words: Encryption, Hardware, Software, Ciphers, Receivers, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Security of data is a primary need for all the system. The AES-RC4 hybrid cryptosystem gives the combine advantages of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) To data encryption and decryption, to secure the key used for data encryption-decryption Rivest Cipher 4 RC4 is used. This system is designed using the Co-designed approached where AES and RC4 run on the NIOS II integrated development environment (IDE) soft-core. The implementation is on Cyclone IV FPGA, Rijndael algorithm program supported " NIOS II + FPGA" are able to do better performance in the area of latency where it comparatively uses low resources. The results are analysed in the IDE console window of a personal computer system. |
10,421 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of Focal Patterns With Uniform Intensity Distribution From Speckle by Hadamard-Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Speckle, Laser beams, Genetic algorithms, Phase modulation, Statistics, Sociology, Scattering. Abstract: When a coherent beam transmits through a scattering medium, a random intensity distribution known as speckle is generated. Generally, such speckles can be modulated by feedback-based wavefront shaping, as exemplified by the generation of a bright focal spot. However, it is more challenging to generate a specific focal pattern with uniform intensity distribution. In this study, the Hadamard–Genetic algorithm (HGA), namely a hybrid phase modulation scheme of Hadamard encoding algorithm (HEA) and genetic algorithm (GA), is proposed to face these challenges. This algorithm takes advantages of the high intensity of HEA and the high uniformity of GA and outperforms traditional optimization schemes, especially in suppressing intensity fluctuations of the focal pattern. This research is expected to be applied in the field of laser processing and particle manipulation. |
10,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Urban areas, Air pollution, Water pollution, Real-time systems, Sensors. Abstract: Due to industrial and technical advancements, environmental parameter monitoring has become very important. The quality of air is degraded to such poor level that it is adversely affecting the health of living creatures on earth. Hence, continuous analysis of air pollution has become necessary. Recent studies have suggested the use of Wireless Sensor Network in environmental monitoring and pollution control. The WSN network employs large number of sensor nodes, processing unit and high speed internet connection. It allows monitoring of a large area along with the acquisition of detailed data. Such network collects the real-time data and display the result in a user friendly format. This paper discusses the work proposed by several researchers and also provides details of the modules and components involved in building a wireless sensing network. |
10,423 | Please write an abstract with title: An Algorithm for Extracting RF Features of UAV Communication Signals Based on Signal Profile, and key words: Radio frequency, Quantum computing, Feature extraction, Downlink, Radiofrequency identification. Abstract: This paper mainly studies the detection and identification of micro-UAVs by using the radio frequency characteristics of UAV downlink communication signals, and proposes an algorithm to automatically extract key radio frequency signal segment. The algorithm mainly consists of three parts: extracting the signal envelope, determining the threshold adaptively, and extracting the key signal according to the threshold. The experimental results show that the method is proved to be feasible and can be used to extract the radio frequency characteristic part of the downlink communication signal of the micro-UAV. |
10,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Distribution System State Estimation With Asynchronous Measurements, and key words: Time measurement, State estimation, Phasor measurement units, Manganese, Mathematical models, Weight measurement, Voltage. Abstract: State estimation is a fundamental task in power systems. Although distribution systems are increasingly equipped with sensing devices and smart meters, measurements are typically reported at different rates and asynchronously; these aspects pose severe strains on workhorse state estimation algorithms, which are designed to process batches of data collected in a synchronous manner from all the measurement units. In this paper, we develop a novel state estimation algorithm to continuously update the estimate of the state based on measurements received in an asynchronous manner from measurement units. The synthesis of the algorithm hinges on a proximal-point type method, implemented in an online fashion, and capable of processing measurements received sequentially from sensors. A performance analysis is presented by providing bounds on the estimation error in terms of the mean and variance that hold at each iteration and asymptotically. The scheme is also compared with a more traditional Weighted Least Squares estimator that compensates for the lack of measurement data by using, as pseudo measurements, the measurement retrieved during a certain time window. Numerical simulations on the IEEE 37-bus feeder corroborate the analytical findings. |
10,425 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacitor Voltage Balancing in Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter using Modified Model Predictive Control, and key words: Simulation, Capacitors, Switches, Predictive models, Multilevel inverters, Hardware, Power electronics. Abstract: Multilevel inverter technologies have emerged in recent years as a very significant alternative in the area of medium and high voltage applications. For controlling the cascaded H-Bridge MLI with only one DC source (known as hybrid cascaded MLI (HC-MLI), many hardware modifications and control techniques are proposed. Predictive control (PC) is one of the best non-linear control techniques which is popularized in the area of power electronics recently. In this paper, a modified MPC technique is proposed to control the output current and balancing of capacitor voltage in HC-MLI. Normalization methods and weighting factors are used to give better results in this work. |
10,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on university Risk Evaluation in industry-University-Research Cooperation Project based on improved FMEA, and key words: Industries, Economics, Technological innovation, Systematics, Force, Intellectual property, Risk management. Abstract: The industry-University-Research cooperation project is an important carrier to enhance China's independent innovation ability and industrial competitiveness. With the deepening of industry-University-Research cooperation, different interests demands and focuses of different parties make the failure of industry-university-research institute occur frequently and it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of all parties. In order to systematically identify the risks and factors of industry-university-research cooperation, this article analyzes the problems in the transformation of scientific research in universities from the perspective of universities, and divides the risks that universities may generate in cooperation into scientific research environment risks, intellectual property risks, management risks, Five aspects of technology risk and interest risk have established an evaluation index system for university risks in industry-university-research cooperation projects. This paper use FMEA to comprehensively evaluate risks from the three aspects of occurrence, severity, and difficulty to detect, identify that universities are prone to produce technical risks and interest risks in cooperation, and combine actual industry-university-research cases to suggest that when conducting industry-university-research cooperation Focus on the scientific research level and transformation capabilities of universities, strengthen exchanges between all parties in cooperation, reduce information asymmetry, and effectively improve the efficiency of cooperation. |
10,427 | Please write an abstract with title: GaAs digital dynamic ICs for applications up to 10 Ghz, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Counting circuits, Pulse inverters, Large scale integration, MESFET circuits, Radio frequency, Frequency conversion, Impedance, Capacitance, Voltage control. Abstract: To evaluate the potentiality of GaAs MESFETs as transmitting gates, dynamic TT~ flip-flops have been fabricated using a self-aligned planar process. The maximum operating frequency is 10.2 GHz, which is the best speed performance ever reported for a digital circuit. The performance of the transmitting gates within the circuits are discussed in detail. Speed improvement and topological simplification of fully static LSI subsystems are investigated. |
10,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Field solutions for the lateral modes of stripe geometry injection lasers, and key words: Geometrical optics, Laser modes, Shape, Laser theory, Mercury (metals), Dielectric constant, Frequency, Refractive index, Heterojunctions, Partial differential equations. Abstract: This paper compares the lateral mode patterns of stripe geometry lasers produced by two theories: 1) an approximate effective dielectric method and 2) an exact method. The exact method for calculating modes uses an expansion of Hermite-Gaussian functions. For small normalized frequencies and a depression of the refractive index under the stripe, the fundamental lateral mode shows structure usually associated with leaky waveguide modes. |
10,429 | Please write an abstract with title: BS-SiamRPN: Hyperspectral Video Tracking based on Band Selection and the Siamese Region Proposal Network, and key words: Training, Target tracking, Video tracking, Target recognition, Transfer learning, Semantics, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: The spectral information of hyperspectral data is helpful to improve the performance of target tracker. Limited by the number of training samples, most video tracking methods based on deep learning cannot effectively utilize the semantic information of hyperspectral data. Therefore, this paper proposes a hyperspectral video target tracking method based on Band Selection and the Siamese Region Proposal Network (BS-SiamRPN). Firstly, an intelligent optimization algorithm is utilized to determine three bands with the largest joint entropy. Based on limited hyperspectral information, Transfer Learning (TL) is performed on the pre-trained siamese networks to obtain a good parameter. Here, index. Then, the dataset in Generic Object Tracking (GOT) benchmark is utilized to retrain the SiamRPN method. Finally, the information of three specific bands referring to hyperspectral videos is regarded as the input of the migration network, which can obtain matching results. Experimental results on public hyperspectral data show that the proposed siamese network based tracking method effectively utilize spectral features, and do well in visual effects and objective evaluation. |
10,430 | Please write an abstract with title: A neural approach to adaptive MAC protocols for wireless LANs, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Wireless application protocol, Wireless LAN, Local area networks, Access protocols, Network topology, Telecommunication traffic, Neurofeedback, Bit error rate, Permission. Abstract: An adaptive MAC protocol for distributed wireless LANs, capable of operating efficiently under bursty traffic conditions, is introduced. According to the proposed protocol, the mobile station that is granted permission to transmit is selected by means of a neural-based algorithm. The neural-based algorithm takes into account the network feedback information in order to update the choice probability of each mobile station. The proposed protocol is compared via simulation to TDMA and IEEE 802.11 and is shown to exhibit superior performance under bursty traffic conditions even when the network feedback is noisy. |
10,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Reconfiguration algorithm for degradable processor arrays based on row and column rerouting, and key words: Degradation, Signal processing algorithms, Circuit faults, Very large scale integration, Redundancy, Hardware, Integrated circuit technology, Algorithm design and analysis, Design methodology, Silicon. Abstract: This paper discusses the reconfiguration problem of two-dimensional degradable VLSI/WSI processor arrays under the row and column rerouting constraints. Some algorithms have been proposed for this problem; however they are not designed to be implemented in hardware for self-reconfigurable systems. In this paper we propose an efficient reconfiguration algorithm for degradable processor arrays based on the simple schemes of row and column rerouting. For the aim of realizing self-reconfiguration, the new rerouting schemes employed in our method are designed to be executed using only local information from neighboring processors. The performances of proposed algorithm are compared with previous studies and it indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves better results in terms of harvest and degradation. |
10,432 | Please write an abstract with title: Trim Loss Optimization in Paper Production Using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony, and key words: Production, Optimization, Artificial bee colony algorithm, Integer linear programming, Industries, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: In paper production, a jumbo reel is cut into multiple intermediate rolls, and each intermediate roll is then sheeted as finished goods. This problem is called a cutting stock problem and is proven to be NP-hard. The objective is to minimize material waste or trim loss from all the cuttings. In the case that any intermediate roll is not entirely used for its associated order, the intermediate roll itself could turn to be a dead stock. We use the concept of universal sizes of intermediate rolls to eliminate the dead stock. A pre-defined number of universal sizes of intermediate rolls is to be used to serve all the orders. The problem is solved using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with Integer Linear Programming subroutine. This proposed approach is then tested with a set of 1,055 orders and 127 different sizes of sheet papers from a paper manufacturer. The results reveal that our method outperforms other algorithms. Our method offers the total trim loss of 3.51%, compared to the trim loss reported by the industry of at least 5%. This approach not only reduces the number of partially cut rolls, but also decreases the number of the jumbo reels needed to serve all the orders. Therefore, both the inventory cost and material cost can be saved. |
10,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Radiating and balanced mode analysis of PIFA shorting pins, and key words: Pins, Dipole antennas, Voltage, Impedance, Distributed parameter circuits, Antenna feeds, Geometry, Laboratories, Performance analysis, Antenna theory. Abstract: Radiating and balanced mode analysis has been routinely used to study the performance of folded dipole antennas. Here it is applied to the combination of a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) and its supporting PCB. The original theory, used to analyze closely coupled antenna structures, was developed by Uda and Mushiake (1954) and has subsequently been widely used to analyze the folded monopole and dipole. The theory presented is similar to that used for a folded monopole, but adapted to take account of the effect of the PCB and the planar section of the PIFA. |
10,434 | Please write an abstract with title: A robust steganography technique using discrete cosine transform insertion, and key words: Robustness, Steganography, Discrete cosine transforms, Cryptography, Colored noise, Color, Gray-scale, Digital images, Image coding, Image quality. Abstract: A large number of commercial steganographic programs use the least significant bit embedding (LSB) as the method of choice for message hiding in 24-bit, 8-bit color images, and grayscale images respectively. It is commonly believed that changes to the LSBs of colors cannot be detected due to noise that is always present in digital images (J. Fridrich, et al., Oct. 2001). In this paper, we describe the LSB insertion technique, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) insertion technique is described and finally we propose a new technique that uses the idea of inserting a bit in the spatial domain combined with the DCT insertion technique |
10,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis Between Gaussian Filter & Its Modified Version for High-Resolution Image Compression, and key words: Image coding, Image resolution, Smoothing methods, Digital images, Information filters, Encoding, Smart phones. Abstract: Compressing any digital image without discarding a significant portion information is of tremendous importance due to the perceived higher value of portable and limited digital storage. This study proposes an alternative to traditional Gaussian filtering scheme by including upsampling and downsampling in the process. Higher compression ratio is always desirable if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is above an acceptable margin. The filtering scheme becomes more attractive for high-resolution images, since all modern devices boast in high-resolution and those files use up most of our portable storage. In this study, better compression ratio is achieved using the proposed modified Gaussian filter against a generic version of that. This study also shows tolerable SNR against the generic one, and the reduction of SNR difference between the two methods when applied to higher-resolution images. |
10,436 | Please write an abstract with title: General Theory of Information Paves the Way to a Secure, Service-Oriented Internet Connecting People, Things, and Businesses, and key words: Computational modeling, Web and internet services, Computer architecture, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Data models, Internet. Abstract: Two foundational issues are hindering the realization of the full potential of the Internet in connecting people, things, and businesses with the highest levels of stability, safety, security, and performance. First, the symbolic computing model on which the information technologies that support the Internet, is 70 plus years old and is based on Alan Turing’s observation of how humans compute numbers using symbols. New insights from the general theory of information (GTI) provide a path to go from symbolic computing to supersymbolic computing based on knowledge structures and operations on them to improve the stability and safety of computing structures. Second, the Internet evolved from a vision that "envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site" and the operations and management aspect of a global and complex operational infrastructure required to support stable, safe, secure and highly available services such as scale, performance, and higher-level functionality were add-ons. In this paper, we take the cue from biological systems that manage their stability, security, and resource optimization to accomplish their goals and apply the tools of GTI to propose and explore a service-oriented Internet architecture that improves the process operation & management in connecting people, things, and businesses with improved safety and security. |
10,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching Tactics for Color Image Segmentation Using Otsu and Minimum Cross Entropy, and key words: Image segmentation, Entropy, Thresholding (Imaging), Color, Optimization, Sociology, Standards. Abstract: The most fundamental step in image processing is image segmentation and it results in revealing enormous information embedded in most widely used RGB color space image. Excellent result is obtained for bi-level thresholding and the exhaustive search for optimal threshold values, to analyze complex images in multilevel thresholding (MLT), is reduced by promising objective functions such as Otsu and minimum cross entropy MCE aided with teaching-learning based optimization metaheuristic algorithm (TLBO). In TLBO, a teacher shares cognizance to a student. The use of only common control parameters and less-specific control parameters in TLBO achieves exploration and exploitation. The efficiency of TLBO is compared with cuckoo search algorithm (CS) at 4,5,6 and 7 threshold levels. Experimental results reveal that optimal output of TLBO is more successful in precise image segmentation and aids in various real time applications. |
10,438 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolutionary Game Model of Public Opinion Information Propagation in Online Social Networks, and key words: Games, Government, Stakeholders, Media, Social networking (online), Game theory, Analytical models. Abstract: The rapid development of communication technology has greatly changed the way of information propagation. While making use of positive public opinion information in online social networks (OSN) to create value, it is necessary to manage and control the propagation of public opinion. Considering the existence of both positive and negative public opinion, we proposed a tripartite evolutionary game model through identifying the relevant stakeholders involved in the public opinion spreading process, discussed the equilibrium conditions of stakeholders' behavior strategies emphatically and carried out simulation experiments. Then, based on the experimental results, the management strategy and the key intervention points of public opinion spreading were proposed. The result shows that the key to management and control public opinion is realizing the interest balance of all stakeholders. That is, the government should increase the benefits of netizens and media spreading (reporting) positive public opinion, and at the same time strengthen the punishment of them spreading (reporting) negative public opinion. This paper further expands the research of public opinion propagation in OSN, and provides theoretical support and decision-making basis for the management and control of public opinion. |
10,439 | Please write an abstract with title: GWO Based Task Allocation for Load Balancing in Containerized Cloud, and key words: Cloud computing, Containers, Load management, Servers, Resource management, Task analysis, Virtualization. Abstract: On-demand provisioning of computing services such as analytics, intelligence, networking, storage, and servers, etc. over the internet is the main function of cloud computing. Several servers are connected in a distributed manner over the internet to execute tasks. Recently, container technology has gained enormous popularity as it can improve overall application performance by providing OS-level virtualization in cloud computing systems. Based on the resources available on server, a server can accommodate more than one container running on it. The process of distributing the incoming requests or user tasks among all available servers in such a way that all the servers will have almost equal workload is called load balancing. In this paper, we proposed a Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO) based technique for load distribution in the containerized cloud and also to reduce the makespan. We have compared our results with the Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) based algorithm. The experimental result indicate that the GWO based technique is performing better in terms of load balancing and also having reduced makespan. |
10,440 | Please write an abstract with title: Electron Microburst Precipitation in Earth’s Magnetosphere, and key words: Electron traps, Ionizing radiation, Satellites, Atmospheric measurements, Instruments, Space radiation, Energy measurement. Abstract: Intense bursts of precipitating electrons called "microbursts" were first detected in the 10-100 keV energy range using balloon-based instrumentation [ Anderson and Milton, 1964 ]. The balloon-borne detectors measure bremsstrahlung x-rays produced by energetic electrons that are scattered into Earth’s atmosphere from the Van Allen radiation belts. Direct low-altitude satellite observations of the precipitating electrons revealed that microbursts can extend up to relativistic energies [e.g, Imhof et al., 1992 , Blake et al., 1996 ] and may be a major loss process for trapped radiation belt electrons [ O’Brien et al., 2004 ]. |
10,441 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Grid-Eye IR sensor for enhanced HMI and OSH purposes in Industry 4.0 reflow soldering environment, and key words: Temperature sensors, Seminars, Ovens, Surface mount technology, Process control, Production facilities, Fourth Industrial Revolution. Abstract: Industry 4.0 guidelines drive technology advancement, also the improvement of safety and comfort in the workplace environment. The factories utilizing surface mount technology lines have well-established setups, driven by the good practice of the last decades. However, the digitalization and connected nature of the used apparatus enable new opportunities from the human-machine interface (HMI) and occupational safety and health (OSH) aspects as well. Our paper focuses on a case, where a reflow oven is extended with a novel Grid-Eye sensor (8x8 IR-based temperature sensor IC). The applied component enables contactless investigation of the bulk and surrounding of the reflow oven, monitoring the cooling printed circuit board assembly on the PCB holder, even detecting the intrusion of a colder surface (e.g. the hand of a human operator). The case is tested on a bench-top IR oven, but the presented method could be applied to inline convection-based ovens as well. |
10,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Classification of Ceramics Based on Improved AlexNet Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Buildings, Pressing. Abstract: As a carrier of Chinese culture, ceramics are of various kinds. In the era of artificial intelligence, the need for class recognition of ceramic types is even more pressing. This study aims to evaluate the performance of deep learning in ceramic type classification using the AlexNet model. By collecting the ceramic image data set and building the AlexNet convolutional network, the image classifier is trained by the training model to achieve accurate ceramic type classification, and the built ceramic 3D model can be retrieved by identifying the ceramic type. This study used 26,595 ceramic-type images. This paper proposes an improved AlexNet network structure, adjusts various hyperparameters, and compares the effects of various activation functions on the classification of ceramics in the AlexNet network. Finally, it is found that the ELU activation function has the best performance in ALexNet, and is accurate The degree reaches 0.9262, and adding multi-layer Dropout has a good effect on preventing over-fitting of the entire network. Finally, we further realize from ceramic classification to ceramic model retrieval. |
10,443 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient User Association, Resource Allocation and Caching Deployment in Fog Radio Access Networks, and key words: Resource management, Optimization, Bandwidth, Cloud computing, Interference, Wireless communication, Radio access networks. Abstract: The heterogeneous fog radio access networks (Fog-RAN), the integration of fog computing, and traditional heterogeneous radio access networks can be implemented through the next-generation wireless communication networks. However, most of the solutions are limited to the spectrum efficiency optimization, and cross-tier interference existing in the fog access points (F-APs) could affect the network performance seriously. In this paper, the user association, resource allocation (including bandwidth and power), and caching deployment are investigated in the heterogeneous Fog-RAN to consider energy efficiency and cross-tier interference mitigation. Specifically, the user association, resource allocation, and caching strategy are formulated as a non-convex optimization problem and then transformed into a convex problem, which can be solved by a proposed algorithm based on the concept of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Then an ADMM-based algorithm is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of the Fog-RAN. Compared with the current solutions, simulation results illustrate the proposed algorithm’s convergence and effectiveness. |
10,444 | Please write an abstract with title: On-Demand Service Deployment Strategies for Fog-as-a-Service Scenarios, and key words: Computational modeling, Delays, Computer architecture, Cloud computing, Indexes, Edge computing, Task analysis. Abstract: Service deployment at the network edge is a promising area that has been studied recently in the literature. In this work we have investigated a Fog-as-a-Service scenario, where multiple Server Fog Nodes (SFNs) can serve multiple Client Fog Nodes (CFNs) by exploiting different service deployment models, i.e., SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, in a flexible way. The system has been modeled as a Size-Constrained Weighted Set Cover Problem aiming at maximizing the amount of satisfied CFNs exploiting a heterogeneous service deployment architecture, while minimizing the service completion time in a computation offloading scenario. In the simulation results section, we analyze the performance of different methods in terms of percentage of CFNs' offloading requests satisfaction and offloading delay. |
10,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation and characterization of micron and sub-micron particulate using an electrothermal source, and key words: Character generation, Electrothermal effects, Plasma temperature, Plasma materials processing, Plasma sources, Copper, Plasma density, Optical materials, Electrons, Aluminum. Abstract: Summary form only given. The Surface Interaction Research Experiment at N.C. State (SIRENS) produces a pulsed (/spl sim/100 ms), low temperature (0.1- 3 eV), high density (10/sup 13/-10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/), flowing plasma by ablating a liner material. As the plasma expands and cools, micron and sub-micron particles develop from the liner material. This study examines the size of the particulate generated and the associated plasma parameters for copper, aluminum, copper-aluminum, and polycarbonate liner materials at several locations downstream from the source for a 5.8 kJ input energy. The plasma is characterized using optical emission spectroscopy under the LTE assumption and Stark broadening of the H/sub /spl alpha// line and neutral copper lines, which are always present in the source. All linear materials produce a plasma with an electron temperature on the order of 0.5 eV with a range of electron densities between 10/sup 16/ and 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ at all the downstream locations. The particulate was collected on a series of copper, stainless steel, woven, or non-woven fabric substrates for analysis. copper particulates collected on woven fabric. All the substrates showed spherical particles, but the metallic substrates showed evidence of short fibers developed from the liner material. The particles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled to software capable of calculating particles' sizes. The analysis shows a range of particle sizes from 0.1 micron to 10 micron. By using EDX analysis, the composition of the droplets was determined. The composite copper-aluminium liner produces particles composed of both copper and aluminum without a visible separation of the materials. |
10,446 | Please write an abstract with title: Steady-State Characteristics of PWM Dual Current Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor with Constant DC Voltage Source, and key words: Inverters, Induction motors, Voltage control, Pulse width modulation, Torque, Modulation, DC motors. Abstract: A dual configuration and PWM strategy of current source inverter (CSI) for a new driving system of an induction motor is presented in this paper. A single DC source is supplied to the dual inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current. The phase-shifted PWM pattern is utilized for current control, taking the simplified equivalent circuit of the motor and system losses into consideration. Also, the PWM control regulates the output voltage of the inverter. The experimental results using the proposed dual current source inverter (DCSI) show the performance of the induction motor drive system. |
10,447 | Please write an abstract with title: Knowing When to Stop: Joint Heterogeneous Feature Selection and Classification, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Computers, Switches, Feature extraction, Standards, Optimization. Abstract: We consider the problem of joint heterogeneous feature selection and classification when multiple feature sets are present. Specifically, we want to identify which feature sets and features per set to review, and perform classification using this information. To this end, we formulate an optimization problem that considers the cost of reviewing individual features, the switching cost between feature sets, and the associated classification decision cost. The objective is to minimize the expected total cost of reviewing feature sets and associated features and the misclassification cost. We derive the optimum classification decision rule, and show that it minimizes the average misclassification cost. Additionally, we derive the optimum feature review rule, which determines both the feature sets and features per set to be reviewed. We illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology on the application of the automatic classification of civil issues reported on crowdsourcing platforms. We observe that an accurate classification decision can be reached by examining ~2.6 features on average. |
10,448 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of input vectors by using of attribute selection in rule extraction method from trained neural networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Neural networks, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy neural networks, Concurrent computing, Data mining, Pattern classification, Computer networks, Scalability, Costs. Abstract: The rule extraction method, which extracts fuzzy if-then rules from trained neural networks, needs to input all combinations of antecedent fuzzy sets. For high-dimensional problems, it is very hard to input all combinations to neural networks because the number of such combinations is exponentially increased. Our attribute selection method can reduce the number of input combinations. |
10,449 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Event-Triggered Intermittent Fault Detection for Time-Varying Stochastic Systems, and key words: Event-triggered transmission scheme, fault detectability, fault detection, intermittent fault (IF), moving horizon estimation (MHE). Abstract: In this article, the problem of intermittent fault (IF) detection is investigated for stochastic linear time-varying (LTV) systems using dynamic event-triggered methods. Using the nonuniform sampling approach, the event-triggered system is transformed into a time-varying system with varying sampling periods. Using the moving horizon estimation strategy, a new IF detection filter is designed to generate residual signals, which can be decoupled from event-triggered transmission errors and estimation errors. Moreover, an event-triggered IF detection algorithm is proposed such that the appearance time and disappearance time of IFs can be detected quickly for stochastic LTV systems. In order to analyze the detectability of IFs for systems with/without event-triggered cases, the concept of distinguishability is introduced for IFs. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the detectability of IFs for LTV systems. Finally, an experiment concerning the rotary steerable drilling tool system is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed IF detection method. |
10,450 | Please write an abstract with title: TTSD: A novel dataset for Turkish Text Summarization, and key words: Digital forensics, Manuals, Security. Abstract: Nowadays, with the increase in the amount of data on the internet, it becomes extremely important to collect salient information from these data efficiently. Gathering and comprehending essential information from such tremendous data as soon as possible is a complex and challenging process for people. Many methods have been proposed to cope with this process. Automatic text summarization systems are one of these methods in term of the fact that it facilitates obtaining the required documents by eliminating the lack of resources and time. Most of these methods are evaluated in datasets which exist in the literature. For Turkish text summarization, it is not enough datasets. In this study, we presented a novel dataset (TTSD-Turkish Text Summarization Dataset) in order to be preferred both in extractive and in abstractive methods. It is evaluated with TextRank, Lexrank, LSA-based, Luhn and Random methods by using sumy package, is compared performances using ROUGE. It is obtained that the proposed dataset has successful results in each method. |
10,451 | Please write an abstract with title: Micromechanical cervix, and key words: Weapons, Micromechanical devices, Fabrication, Explosives, Integrated circuit technology, Apertures, Microelectromechanical systems, Laboratories, Interrupters, Testing. Abstract: The development of a new microscale interrupter mechanism for a safe and arm device used in modern weapon systems is proposed. Some of the issues with current microscale safe and arm devices, along with some reasons why using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques are a valid approach to developing these new systems, are discussed. After an extensive research of existing microscale safe and arm devices, we developed some preliminary concepts that were sent out for fabrication in the polyMUMPs process. The concept is for these devices to act as a micromechanical cervix by having the ability to sense when a proper sequence of events has occurred before allowing an aperture to open. The opening allow for the passage of energy when the correct sequence of events has taken place. We anticipate testing most of these devices in summer 2005 to collect data on the functionality and suitability of this concept. |
10,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Polarimetric SAR Image Classification Based on Ensemble Dual-Branch CNN and Superpixel Algorithm, and key words: Feature extraction, Image classification, Licenses, Classification algorithms, Covariance matrices, Remote sensing, Image recognition. Abstract: Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully utilized in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification and obtained promising results. However, most CNN-based classification methods require a large number of labeled samples and it is difficult to obtain sufficient labeled samples. For this reason, an ensemble dual-branch CNN (EDb-CNN) is proposed for PolSAR image classification with small samples. First, to solve the problem of the small sample in PolSAR image classification, a new data enhancement method based on the superpixel algorithm is proposed to expand the number of labeled samples. Second, to obtain different scales of features from PolSAR images, a Db-CNN model is proposed. This model contains two parallel CNN structures. One CNN branch is used to extract the polarization features from the complex coherency matrix. The other branch is utilized to extract the spatial features based on weighted spatial neighborhood. On the top of these two branches, a feature fusion model is adopted to combine these two deep features, and a weighted loss function is employed to improve the learning procedure. Then, the ensemble learning algorithm is used for each CNN branch and Db-CNN network to obtain the better classification results. Finally, a postprocess algorithm based on the superpixel algorithm is proposed to improve the consistency of classification results. Experiments on two PolSAR datasets show that the proposed method achieves a much better performance than other classification methods, especially when only a few labeled samples are available. |
10,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Instance-specific 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from Minimal Annotations, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Two dimensional displays, Pose estimation, Robots, Semantics, Solid modeling, Pipelines. Abstract: In many robotic applications, the environment setting in which the 6-DoF pose estimation of a known, rigid object and its subsequent grasping is to be performed, remains nearly unchanging and might even be known to the robot in advance. In this paper, we refer to this problem as instance-specific pose estimation: the robot is expected to estimate the pose with a high degree of accuracy in only a limited set of familiar scenarios. Minor changes in the scene, including variations in lighting conditions and background appearance, are acceptable but drastic alterations are not anticipated. To this end, we present a method to rapidly train and deploy a pipeline for estimating the continuous 6-DoF pose of an object from a single RGB image. The key idea is to leverage known camera poses and rigid body geometry to partially automate the generation of a large labeled dataset. The dataset, along with sufficient domain randomization, is then used to supervise the training of deep neural networks for predicting semantic keypoints. Experimentally, we demonstrate the convenience and effectiveness of our proposed method to accurately estimate object pose requiring only a very small amount of manual annotation for training. |
10,454 | Please write an abstract with title: Uncooled Infrared/Far-Infrared Thermopile Arrays for Space-Borne, Remote-Sensing Radiometry, and key words: Temperature measurement, Mars, Temperature, Atmospheric measurements, Instruments, Saturn, Satellite broadcasting. Abstract: Thermal infrared instruments have proven integral components on payloads across the solar system, including the highlights below. The Voyager payload included the IRIS spectrometer [1] that provided our first views of the thermal emission spectra of several satellites, as well as the thermal emission and global heat balance of the four giant planets [1] . The Galileo payload included the Photopolarimeter-Radiometer PPR experiment that provided new constraints on the heat flow from Io and an upper limit on Europa [2] . The Cassini payload included the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) that provided thermal and composition mapping of Saturn’s atmosphere and satellites, including Titan [3] and anomalous thermal emission due to active endogenic heat sources on Enceladus [4] . Mars remains a popular target for thermal infrared instruments dating back to the Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) on the Viking orbiters, through the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) to the current flight instruments: Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on Mars Odyssey and MCS on MRO [5] , [6] . MCS is an atmospheric limb sounder that measures 4-D global fields of temperature, pressure, dust, and ices in the atmosphere of Mars, both day and night. Diviner on LRO [10] is providing a complete set of precise radiometric lunar surface temperature measurements over its full 30-400 K range, as well as constraints on physical and compositional properties. |
10,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Operation of Gradient Power Amplifiers without Large Current-Sharing Reactor, and key words: Couplings, Magnetic cores, Magnetic resonance imaging, Power amplifiers, Magnetic resonance, Bandwidth, Energy conversion. Abstract: This paper presents a novel solution for the parallel operation of gradient power amplifiers to drive the gradient coil within magnetic resonance imaging system. A total-current feedback algorithm collaborating with a current-sharing algorithm, also with a small magnetic core ensure tight load sharing without large coupling reactor. The control bandwidth has not to be compromised, resulting in fast, smooth and high fidelity performance. Experimental results verify the effectiveness. |
10,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Modifying Network Guided Vehicle for Repeatable EcoCAR ACC Energy Testing, and key words: Energy consumption, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Lead, Fuels, Standards, Monitoring, Testing. Abstract: The newest iteration of the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions is the EcoCAR Mobility Challenge. In this paper, ANL and HORIBA MIRA collaborate to propose and pilot a test method that enables controlled, repeatable track-based energy consumption testing of semi-autonomous features. The testing was performed at MIRA’s proving ground facility in Nuneaton, UK, using their Network Guided Vehicle (NGV) connectivity and automation test platform. The NGV served as a repeatable lead vehicle following prescribed drive traces around two different track circuits while the host vehicle under test, a Honda Civic with full speed range Adaptive Cruise Control, followed behind. Over the course of a two day test, multiple iterations of certification and custom EPA drive traces were performed on track, demonstrating the viability of a two vehicle energy test. Results were analyzed to assess NGV lead vehicle performance in following the prescribed cycle using SAE J2951 standard calculations in an effort to quantify how repeatably and accurately the lead vehicle followed the trace. Host vehicle energy consumption was assessed using both vehicle CAN bus monitoring and an on-board fuel flow meter. |
10,457 | Please write an abstract with title: Solid-State Physical Phenomena and Effects Part IV, and key words: Solid state circuits, Energy states, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Magnetic fields, Magnetic resonance, Resonant frequency, Magnetic moments, Equations, Lagrangian functions, Hall effect. Abstract: This is the fourth in a series of articles dealing with phenomena of the solid state. Nineteen solid-state phenomena and physical effects are described. This group of phenomena includes primarily the resonance effects, that is, those effects which can be described in terms of discrete energy levels rather than energy bands. |
10,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Human Activity Recognition, and key words: Deep learning, Wireless communication, Measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Machine learning algorithms, Surveillance, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: Human activity monitoring and recognition is one of the significant focuses for researchers recently due to the concerns regarding improvements of the healthcare, surveillance and many others that includes human-machine interactions. The data collected because of advances in sensor technology and the machine learning algorithms enable the work in the field of recognition of human activities to progress. Life quality of especially elderly people highly benefits from the activity monitoring and recognition research. This study aims to collect data from multiple activities and train multiple machine learning algorithms using the recorded data. For this purpose, a total of two wireless sensors were placed on the ankle and calf regions of the subjects on one leg, and the data obtained from these sensors were used in decision tree, artificial neural network, and deep learning algorithms. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated with the F1 score metric. The results show that the most suitable algorithm for this dataset is the deep learning algorithm with an average F1 score of 0.989. |
10,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Modification Detection Of Medical Images using ORB Feature Extraction Algorithm and Logistic Regression, and key words: ORB algorithm, medical images, machine learning, bagging technique, DICOM images. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for the detection of modifications in DICOM images using the ORB algorithm combined with logistic regression. The goal is to accurately identify whether a DICOM image has been modified. Features are extracted using the ORB algorithm, and a logistic regression classifier is trained on these features. Padding techniques are used for consistent image sizes, and bagging is applied to improve the model’s performance. Experimental results demonstrate an 85 percent accuracy in detecting modifications. Future work involves exploring deep learning approaches and additional feature extraction algorithms. This approach contributes to maintaining data integrity in medical image repositories and supports image forensics in healthcare applications. |
10,460 | Please write an abstract with title: ADPSS Based Short-circuit Current Calculation Method of MMC, and key words: Electrical engineering, Multilevel converters, Limiting, Short-circuit currents, Power systems, Safety, Current limiters. Abstract: Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has broad application prospects in new energy transmission. When a MMC is connected to an active AC grid, it is necessary to calculate the three-phase symmetrical short-circuit current contribution of MMC to ensure the safety of power system. The existing method used in actual engineering projects consider MMC as a current source of which the amplitude is the current limiting amplitude of current limiter. It is safe but has too much margin to be accurate. This paper proposes a new method to calculate short-circuit current that can be used in actual engineering project. This paper analyses the characteristics of MMC short-circuit current first, and proposes the key factors affect short-circuit current contributed by MMC during an actual operating condition. On this basis, simulation trials on advanced digital power system simulator (ADPSS) are designed to get the characteristic curves of short-circuit current which can be used to calculate short-circuit current in actual operation of the engineering project. Finally, this paper uses Zhangbei MMC-HVDC project as an example to apply the new method and show the effectiveness and superiority of the method proposed by this paper. |
10,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Smart Grid Monitoring: Intelligent Cable Diagnostics using Neural Networks, and key words: Degradation, Underground power cables, Simulation, Neural networks, Power line communications, Modems, Feature extraction. Abstract: Monitoring and control of network constituents are integral aspects of the smart grid. In this paper, we present a technique for monitoring one such network asset, the underground power cables, which are prone to degradation and damages, resulting in possible power outages. We propose an intelligent cable diagnostics solution using neural networks to determine the health of power cables to predict and prevent eventual faults. To this end, we reuse the communication channel state information inherently estimated by power line modems that are envisioned to enable smart grid communications. We advance the state-of-the-art machine learning based cable health monitoring techniques to present an automated diagnostics procedure using neural networks, which eliminates the need to manually extract features during operation. We demonstrate the architecture of our designed feed-forward neural network, the procedures involved in training, validating, and testing data, and the algorithms we use to train our machines. We evaluate our solution for medium voltage distribution network settings and show through simulation results that our method provides accurate diagnosis in detecting, locating, and assessing cable degradations. |
10,462 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Analysis of Macromolecule Identity from Cryo-electron Tomography Images using Deep Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Three-dimensional displays, Systematics, Annotations, Supervised learning, Tomography, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Cellular electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) has made possible the systematic 3D visualization of the near-native structures and spatial-organizations of large macromolecules (represented as subtomograms) and their interactions with or-ganelles inside single cells. It has emerged as a major tool for in situ structural biology. However, the systematic identification of such macromolecules from cryo-ET images is very difficult due to structural complexity and imaging limits. In particular, conventional methods are too slow to process millions of highly structurally heterogeneous macromolecules fastly imaged using cryo-ET. Since 2017, supervised deep learning has become an important tool for facilitating high-throughput analysis of cryo-ET data. However, supervised learning based approaches depends on manual data annotation by biologists, which is an extremely time-consuming and burdensome process. Therefore, none of these methods are practical to use. In order to facilitate deep learning for practical identification of macromolecules from cryo-ET images, in this paper, we demonstrate the pathway towards unsupervised learning for fast and high-throughput identification of macromolecules from cryo-ET images. To this end, we demonstrate the use of three selected recent macromolecule identification methods on several commonly used benchmark crvo-E'T datasets. |
10,463 | Please write an abstract with title: A Unified Fault Location Algorithm for Online and Offline Application Immune to Synchronized Measurement Errors, and key words: Resistance, Power measurement, Simulation, Protective relaying, Communication channels, Fault location, Tools. Abstract: Synchronized measurements at both terminals play an important role in determining the distance to fault location very accurately. However, there always exists a possibility of receiving unsynchronized signals due to loss of Global Positioning System (GPS) connection. Moreover, the performance of an online two-terminal fault locator is also affected by communication channel distortion. Considering the above, this paper presents a novel non-iterative impedance-based fault location algorithm on two-terminal, which is immune to both signal synchronization and communication channel distortion. Formulation of the proposed algorithm is based on application of symmetrical component phasors of the fundamental frequency while considering distributed line model. The proposed algorithm has been tested and analyzed in EMTP-RV platform under various fault conditions. The test result validates efficacy of the proffered algorithm for fault location. |
10,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast and Accurate Road Crack Detection Based on Adaptive Cost-Sensitive Loss Function, and key words: Roads, Training, Costs, Image edge detection, Training data, Sampling methods, Adaptation models. Abstract: Numerous detection problems in computer vision, including road crack detection, suffer from exceedingly foreground–background imbalance. Fortunately, modification of loss function appears to solve this puzzle once and for all. In this article, we propose a pixel-based adaptive weighted cross-entropy (WCE) loss in conjunction with Jaccard distance to facilitate high-quality pixel-level road crack detection. Our work profoundly demonstrates the influence of loss functions on detection outcomes and sheds light on the sophisticated consecutive improvements in the realm of crack detection. Specifically, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed loss, we conduct extensive experiments on four public databases, that is, CrackForest, AigleRN, Crack360, and BJN260. Compared to the vanilla WCE, the proposed loss significantly speeds up the training process while retaining the performance. |
10,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedback control applied to survivability: a host-based autonomic defense system, and key words: Feedback control, Information systems, Costs, Recursive estimation, Maintenance, Computer architecture, Mathematical model, Design optimization, Design engineering, Prototypes. Abstract: We address the problem of information system survivability, or dynamically preserving intended functionality & computational performance, in the face of malicious intrusive activity. A feedback control approach is proposed which enables tradeoffs between the failure cost of a compromised information system and the maintenance cost of ongoing defensive countermeasures. Online implementation features an inexpensive computation architecture consisting of a sensor-driven recursive estimator followed by an estimate-driven response selector. Offline design features a systematic empirical procedure utilizing a suite of mathematical modeling and numerical optimization tools. The engineering challenge is to generate domain models and decision strategies offline via tractable methods, while achieving online effectiveness. We illustrate the approach with experimentation results for a prototype autonomic defense system which protects its host, a Linux-based web-server, against an automated Internet worm attack. The overall approach applies to other types of computer attacks, network-level security and other domains which could benefit from automatic decision-making based on a sequence of sensor measurements. |
10,466 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimized Magnet Circuit Design to Reduce Power Consumption for Torsional Electromagnetic Actuators, and key words: Magnetic flux, Magnetic circuits, Electromagnetics, Actuators, Torque, Magnetic separation, Magnetostatics. Abstract: A torsional electromagnetic actuator that is actuated by the torque applied to a planar coil in an external magnetic field is designed, modeled, and analyzed in this letter. The analytical model of the magnetic torque is established. A magnet combination consisting of a rectangular magnet and a square-ring magnet magnetized in opposite directions is developed. A novel magnetic circuit is designed and analyzed to increase the driving torque. The electromagnetic and mechanical responses of the device are characterized by finite element simulation. In the case study, the power consumption of the actuator is significantly reduced by 54.3%, and down to 3.05 mW at the mechanical torsion angle of 11°. The effect of air gap on power consumption is also studied quantitatively. |
10,467 | Please write an abstract with title: Land cover classification using RADARSAT data in a mountainous area of southern Argentina, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Optical sensors, Adaptive optics, Spaceborne radar, Laser radar, Radar remote sensing, Data mining, Terrain mapping, Radar imaging, Clouds. Abstract: In this paper, a new procedure is proposed for land cover classification in a mountainous area using data derived from a stereo pair of RADARSAT images. Land cover classifications using the RADARSAT tonal and textural information and ancillary terrain data were evaluated. All the derived data were from the same source of the stereo pair of the RADARSAT images. An artificial neural networks (ANN) classifier is applied. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated over a mountainous study area in Southern Argentina. The results showed that the extra information, texture and DEM, extracted from the RADARSAT images can greatly improve the accuracy of classification using ANN. It can be concluded that RADARSAT images and terrain data derived from the RADARSAT images are valuable data sources for land cover mapping, especially in the mountainous areas where optical satellite data and DEM data are not always available. |
10,468 | Please write an abstract with title: An Anonymous Trust-Marking Scheme on Blockchain Systems, and key words: Blockchain, Nanoelectromechanical systems, Cryptography, Bitcoin, History, Organizations, Elliptic curve cryptography. Abstract: During the Coincheck incident, which recorded the largest damages in cryptocurrency history in 2018, it was demonstrated that using Mosaic token can have a certain effect. Although it seems attractive to employ tokens as countermeasures for cryptocurrency leakage, Mosaic is a specific token for the New Economy Movement (NEM) cryptocurrency and is not employed for other blockchain systems or cryptocurrencies. Moreover, although some volunteers tracked leaked NEM using Mosaic in the CoinCheck incident, it would be better to verify that the volunteers can be trusted. Simultaneously, if someone (e.g., who stole cryptocurrencies) can identify the volunteers, then that person or organization may be targets of them. In this paper, we propose an anonymous trust-marking scheme on blockchain systems that is universally applicable to any cryptocurrency. In our scheme, entities called token admitters are allowed to generate tokens adding trustworthiness or untrustworthiness to addresses. Anyone can anonymously verify whether these tokens were issued by a token admitter. Simultaneously, only the designated auditor and no one else, including nondesignated auditors, can identify the token admitters. Our scheme is based on accountable ring signatures and commitment, and is implemented on an elliptic curve called Curve25519, and we confirm that both cryptographic tools are efficient. Moreover, we also confirm that our scheme is applicable to Bitcoin, Ethereum, and NEM. |
10,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Flash EEPROM threshold instabilities due to charge trapping during program/erase cycling, and key words: EPROM, Flash memory, Tunneling, Threshold voltage, Acceleration, Channel hot electron injection, Flash memory cells, Testing, Delay, Interface states. Abstract: Charge trapping over the channel can occur from program/erase cycling of Flash memory cells, increasing the cell threshold voltage and causing threshold shifts in retention tests when charges detrap. The empirical characteristics of these effects are discussed. Trapping has a square-root dependence on program/erase cycle count. Detrapping scales with the logarithm of time and is thermally accelerated with an activation energy of 1.1 to 1.2 eV. Detrapping has only a weak dependence on electric field. These mechanisms are intrinsic, yet there is a wide variation in behavior from one cell to another related to Poisson statistical variations. Common reliability characterization methods need to be re-thought in light of the characteristics of this and other mechanisms. In particular, performing extensive program/erase cycling with no delays between cycles is unrealistic for this mechanism, and alternative distributed-cycling schemes are proposed. |
10,470 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Analysis of Energy Consumption During Substrate Fermentation in a Biogas Reactor, and key words: Temperature dependence, Wind speed, Process control, Mechanical cables, Solids, Thermal analysis, Inductors. Abstract: The article is devoted to the issue of thermal distribution in a biogas reactor during anaerobic fermentation of biomass. The mathematical model used in this work allows us to fully investigate the dynamics of temperature change of each object, solid or rare, which participates in the heating process and determine the amount of energy required for the process of thermal stabilization of anaerobic fermentation, taking into account: initial temperatures medium, mixing frequency, substrate movement mode, anaerobic fermentation temperature regime, wind speed and physicochemical parameters of the substrate and objects involved in the thermal stabilization process, type of mixing device and power of the electric heating cable. In the article, a dynamic analysis was carried out, which made it possible for the first time to establish the required amount of energy for heating the substrate and to obtain the dependences of the temperature change of the electric heating cable and other objects involved in the process of thermal stabilization of anaerobic fermentation. Given the results presented in the article, it is possible to create energy-efficient systems automatic control mixing and heating of the substrate in biogas reactors, which will increase the profitability of the biogas plant. |
10,471 | Please write an abstract with title: The Value of Investments in Network Efficiency in Systems with a Large Integration of Distributed Renewable Generation, and key words: Current control, Renewable energy sources, Costs, Europe, Market research, Energy states, Distributed power generation. Abstract: This article analyzes the effects of the current policy trends - high levels of distributed generation (DG) and grid load/capacity ratio - on network efficiency. It starts by illustrating the network losses performance under different DG and load/capacity conditions. The second part concerns the simulation of network investments with the purpose of loss reduction for diverse system circumstances, including the impact of DG levels, energy cost, and discount rate. The attained results showed that DG, particularly large parks, have a negative impact on network efficiency: network losses tend to intensify with DG growth, under the current regulation. Furthermore, network investments in loss reduction would have a small global impact on network efficiency if the DG parks’ connection lines are not included in the grid concession (not subjected to upgrade). Finally, the study determines that it is preferable to invest sooner, rather than to postpone the grid reinforcement for certain conditions, namely for low discount rates. |
10,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent learning environment: building hybrid system from standard application and Web application, and key words: Intelligent structures, Artificial intelligence, Computer aided instruction, Service oriented architecture, Standards development, Learning systems, Informatics, Multimedia systems, Multimedia computing, Buildings. Abstract: In this paper, we explore the idea of intelligent learning environment (ILE) by building a system for teaching and learning music in a Web-based environment. Our system is a framework that utilises existing Web architecture. Instead of using a standard Web browser as our client tool, we are going to develop our own. By following this, some design issues regarding the shifting and their solutions are addressed. In a nutshell, this environment allows us to gain more control in monitoring students' learning activities within a single environment while keeping instructors away from a bundle of computer codes. |
10,473 | Please write an abstract with title: P-Handoff: a protocol for fine grained peer-to-peer vertical handoff, and key words: Protocols, Peer to peer computing, Wireless LAN, Home appliances, Wireless sensor networks, Cellular networks, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Isolation technology, Laboratories, Milling machines. Abstract: This paper describes a novel approach to using peer to peer wireless links, such as IrDA, Bluetooth and 802.11b. We explain the concept of wireless diversity and its impact on developers and users. We also explore the limitations of classical vertical handoff protocols, such as the need of an infrastructure. We describe our connection diversity framework, upon which is built P-Handoff. We introduce P-Handoff, a new handoff protocol for peer to peer links with fine granularity, which complements vertical handoff and allows to optimise connectivity through multiple wireless links; P-Handoff doesn't require an infrastructure and uses link layer events. We describe some features of our implementation under Linux. |
10,474 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase analysis of coaxial short and open circuits, and key words: Coaxial components, Calibration, Manufacturing, Impedance, Reflection, Conductivity, Transmission line theory, Measurement standards, Equivalent circuits, Propagation losses. Abstract: Phase characteristics of coaxial short and open circuits used to calibrate reflectometers are analyzed by using the lossy transmission line theory and mode-matching method based on the cosine/sine-Fourier transforms. Calculated phases of short and open circuits with Type-N, 7 mm and 3.5 mm connectors are compared with ones predicted from the calibration kit parameters provided by the manufacturer. |
10,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Hyperspectral Image Classification using Spectral Angle Mapper, and key words: Satellites, Image recognition, Image coding, Image color analysis, Conferences, Logic gates, Sensors. Abstract: This paper explains how to use the SAM method for satellite image categorization and how to implement it. Hyperspectral Images (HI) provide diverse pixel spectrums that retrieve rich surface information for visualization and differentiation of spectrally similar (but distinct) items. By the HI sensor, HI with multiple bands of spectrum are captured on the Remote Sensing Satellite (RSS). For the deployment of the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) on Hyperspectral Images, classifications are performed. In the different surfaces the fake color composite of the image is further obtained for better observation. For SAM implementation, HI of various bands are piled one after another in the form a three-dimensional Cube of images. A supervised classification technique SAM that recognizes the various classes within an image, allowing the spectral angle to be calculated. The spectral angle can be determined using the vector created for each pixel and, as a result, the reference vector created for each of the reference classes chosen. The outcomes are acquired by combining several 2-D data to 3-D data with single compact cube and reading and observing them. Because of the reference vector is used for SAM classification, the angle between the reference vector and the pixel vector is calculated to match the threshold angle value. The color coding is then used to distinguish between the several classes that the SAM algorithm recognizes. As a result, SAM is used to analyze hyperspectral photos in order to thematic information extract such as land water bodies, cover, and clouds. |
10,476 | Please write an abstract with title: Rapid exploration of Internet live address space using optimal discovery path, and key words: Probes, Web and internet services, Network topology, Engineering profession, Application software, Protocols, Distance measurement, Scalability, Sun, Telephony. Abstract: Several Internet mapping and topology discovery applications inspect multiple IP (Internet protocol) addresses to discover Internet address regions that are alive, i.e., contain IP addresses that elicit replies to probes. Currently, the traditional approach in examining these IP addresses is completely random, uses exhaustive scan, or focuses on a common wisdom of checking the first IP in each address region. In this paper, we first formalize the discovery process, then we provide an efficient solution to the problem of declaring an address prefix (AP) alive by discovering a reachable host within its addressable range. We develop and evaluate an optimal discovery path that prioritizes and orders probes to a small subset of IP addresses within each AP. Using our optimal discovery path technique, we show that examining a maximum of 11 different IP addresses within each AP successfully reveals the aliveness of more than 90% of the APs. |
10,477 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimising Antibiotic Treatments with Multi-objective Population-based Algorithms, and key words: Antibiotics, Mathematical model, Microorganisms, Sociology, Statistics, Optimization. Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges that we are facing today. The frequent overuse of antibiotics is one of the main reasons for the development of resistance. A mathematical model of bacterial population dynamics is used, where drug administration and absorption mechanics are implemented to evaluate the fitness of automatically designed treatments. To maximise the probability of curing the host while minimising the total drug used we have explored treatments with different daily dosages and lengths. Two multi-objective population-based methods, a well-known evolutionary algorithm and a particle swarm optimisation algorithm are tuned and contrasted when solving the posed treatment design problem. The best solutions found by our approach suggest treatments ranging from five to seven days with a high initial dose, followed by lower doses, use lower amounts of the drug than the standard common practice of fixed daily dosages over ten days. |
10,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Federated Learning with Downlink Device Selection, and key words: Training, Performance evaluation, Wireless networks, Signal processing, Downlink, Data models, Numerical models. Abstract: We study federated edge learning, where a global model is trained collaboratively using privacy-sensitive data at the edge of a wireless network. A parameter server (PS) keeps track of the global model and shares it with the wireless edge devices for training using their private local data. The devices then transmit their local model updates, which are used to update the global model, to the PS. The algorithm, which involves transmission over PS-to-device and device-to-PS links, continues until the convergence of the global model or lack of any participating devices. In this study, we consider device selection based on downlink channels over which the PS shares the global model with the devices. Performing digital downlink transmission, we design a partial device participation framework where a subset of the devices is selected for training at each iteration. Therefore, the participating devices can have a better estimate of the global model compared to the full device participation case which is due to the shared nature of the broadcast channel with the price of updating the global model with respect to a smaller set of data. At each iteration, the PS broadcasts different quantized global model updates to different participating devices based on the last global model estimates available at the devices. We investigate the best number of participating devices through experimental results for image classification using the MNIST dataset with biased distribution. |
10,479 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Algorithm For Performance Analysis Of Isolated Asynchronous Generator, and key words: Power generation, Mathematical model, Renewable energy sources, Equivalent circuits, Conferences, Power electronics, Smart grids. Abstract: This paper deals with the use of Differential Search Algorithm (DSA) for performance analysis of Isolated Asynchronous Generator (IAG) feeding star-connected lamp load. Graph theory and loop impedance method have been used for the analysis of IAG, which leads to two higher order equations where the per unit magnetizing reactance “Xm” and per unit generated frequency “a” are considered as the unknown variables. Out of the two equations, only a single equation is considered for the analysis. DSA algorithm has been compared with the Binary Search Algorithm (BSA) and it is found that DSA is more efficient than BSA. The results obtained from DSA technique have been weighted against the experimental results which shows the compactness between the simulated and the experimental results and validates the suggested algorithm. |
10,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Breast Cancer Prediction in Machine Learning Techniques using Blockchain, and key words: Computational modeling, Web pages, Signal processing algorithms, Manuals, Signal processing, Predictive models, Breast cancer. Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is one all around the huge average dangerous enhancements among women around the globe, watching out for by a long shot the greater part of latest disease cases and harm related passings per all things considered evaluations, making it a genuine public awfulness in the flow society. Lately, AI has been thoroughly used in locale and achieved positive execution. Our exploration gives a absolute manual for affectability appraisal of model cutoff focuses concerning execution in district of carcinoma organizes by anticipating end inside the condition of dataset credits. BC is that the by and large standard frightful headway among women besides the subsequent driving clarification for defilement passing. Early finding of underhandedness is major. The model got by an intrusive methodology is in like manner acceptably digitized and used for computationally based reasonable. Using AI systems for resolute can on a very basic level revive and for a goliath increase can make the fascinating everything thought about more moderate. The assessment of dataset by guiltless baysien check to a few information looks like, variable ID, uni-variate evaluation, bi-variate and multi-variate examination, missing worth solutions, etc the key goal is to sharp appraisal model to dismantle carcinoma seasons of patients. Moreover, talk about the introduction from the given clinical office dataset with evaluation request report and see the disorder network. the data endorsing, data cleaning/planning and data portrayal are finished with everything considered given dataset. Henceforth, planned AI appraisal want to engineering data from need and therefore the outcome shows that the authority of the forthcoming AI rejects activity is stood and best exactness from accuracy, anamnesis and F1grade |
10,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Relaxed Observer Design of Discrete-Time Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Systems Based on a Lightweight Gain-Scheduling Law, and key words: Observers, Synchronization, Complexity theory, Servers, Sensors, Redundancy, Benchmark testing. Abstract: This study is concerned with proposing much more effective Luenberger-like fuzzy observers than relevant multiinstant observers reported in recent literature, in other words, less conservative results can be given while less computing resource is consumed as an important premise. For the first time, the variation bound of two adjacent time-variant Lyapunov matrices encountered in the synthesis of fuzzy observer is characterized by a contraction factor, and thus the key replacement of the lagged term is developed in order to construct an effective synchronization framework of fuzzy observer synthesis. Since there only exist the current-time normalized fuzzy weighting functions in the obtained synchronization framework, the conservatism caused by the mismatch of different sampling instants can be avoided. Based on this, a lightweight gain-scheduling law is designed in which a large number of redundancy gains in recent multiinstant observers can be condensed in order to save computing resource to the greatest extent. Finally, two benchmark examples are borrowed for validating the superiority of our proposed results. |
10,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the tolerance of wavelength-routed optical networks to inaccuracy in traffic load forecasts, and key words: Optical fiber networks, Intelligent networks, Telecommunication traffic, Load forecasting, Network topology, Traffic control, Wavelength routing, Process design, Transmitters, Educational institutions. Abstract: We carried out extensive computer simulations of wavelength-routed optical networks, identifying features of network topology that allow high tolerance to traffic forecast inaccuracy. The findings can be used to simplify the network design process. |
10,483 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Control for a Variable Length Message Store-and-Forward System, and key words: Distributed control, Routing, Communication networks, Adaptive systems, ARPANET, Computer networks, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Equipment failure, Computational modeling. Abstract: This paper describes the performance of a store-store-and-forward communications network with an adaptive routing strategy. The network chosen is a simplification of the AUTODIN network (described below) and the strategy is a modification of the routing of ARPANET. The objective is to make a network such as AUTODIN, with its wide variation in message length, effectively responsive for computercomputer and terminal-computer messages as well as record traffic. A second objective is to increase survivability following isolated equipment failures. A simulation study is used to show that improved performance is achieved. |
10,484 | Please write an abstract with title: Hand-Eye Calibration of EOD Robot by Solving the AXB = YCZD Problem, and key words: Calibration, Robots, Robot kinematics, Cameras, Manipulators, Mathematical models, Robot vision systems. Abstract: The explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) robots work in a special environment, which requires dual robotic arms to work together for removing the bomb. Therefore, machine vision is very important to locating bombs, especially the accuracy of the hand-eye calibration technology. A basic problem encountered with the collaborative work of dual robotic arms is to solve the unknown homogeneous transformation matrix, including: hand-eye of robotic arm 1, base-base, and camera-end effector’s robotic arm 2. In this article, the hand-eye calibration problem of the dual robotic arm system is expressed as two matrix equations. A new method of simultaneously solving the unknowns in the matrix equation is proposed. This method consists of a closed-form method based on the Kronecker product and an iterative method that transforms a nonlinear problem with a convex function optimization problem. The closed-form method is used to quickly obtain the initial value of the iteration method to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the iteration. In addition, we propose a hand-eye calibration method based on the re-projection error of the RGB-D camera. In order to prove the feasibility and superiority in the proposed iterative method, we conducted simulation and actual experiments and compared them with the other two calibration methods. The comparison results verify the superiority in the proposed method in terms of accuracy. |
10,485 | Please write an abstract with title: 6D Pose Estimation Based on Edge-Enhanced Point Pair Features for Surgical Navigation, and key words: Point cloud compression, Solid modeling, Navigation, Pose estimation, Spine, Surgery, Prototypes. Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient 6D pose estimation method for the automatic spinal surgical navigation system. Visual-based pose estimation is challenging in realistic surgical scenes due to the human spine's geometric complexity and symmetric ambiguity. Instead of considering the whole scene for pose estimation, we introduce a targeted down-sampling strategy that focuses more on edge area for efficient feature extraction of complex geometry. A pose hypothesis validation approach is then presented to resolve the symmetric ambiguity. Note that our method can also work on incomplete scenes since our sampling and validation do not require a whole model. We perform evaluations on two challenging datasets, which demonstrate the superiority of our method on pose estimation of geometrically complex, occluded, symmetrical objects. We also implemented a prototype of a surgical navigation system based on the proposed method, which may provide a viable option for improving the spinal clinical surgery system. |
10,486 | Please write an abstract with title: A biomimetic strategy for control of FES reaching, and key words: Biomimetics, Control systems, Humans, Muscles, Neuromuscular stimulation, Electric variables control, Laboratories, Surges, Biomedical engineering, Spinal cord injury. Abstract: Victims of spinal cord injury at the cervical level are usually left with a partially paralyzed arm whose upper arm is controlled voluntarily but the lower arm is largely paralyzed. Restoration of reach and grasp functions is essential for independence and quality of life of these patients. Here we describe a biomimetic approach for control of reaching that combines the residual voluntary control of the upper arm with functional electrical stimulation control of the paralyzed lower arm to restore reaching movement. A realistic biomechanical model of the human arm, able-bodied volunteers, and paralyzed patients will be used to develop, test, and deploy the proposed controller. |
10,487 | Please write an abstract with title: A Low Inductance Power Module Packaging Design for High Performance Inverter Using SiC MOSFETs in Automotive Applications, and key words: Performance evaluation, Semiconductor device modeling, Inductance, MOSFET, Silicon carbide, Simulation, Multichip modules. Abstract: The current trends of packaging of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices aim to lower the parasitic inductances, achieve higher operating temperatures, higher heat dissipation capabilities, and higher reliability structures. In this work, a double side package of a high performance inverter using SiC MOSFETs for automotive applications is studied. A novel 1200V/400A half bridge module with four SiC MOSFETs in parallel is proposed. The electromagnetic behaviour of the design is analysed using Finite Element Methods (FEM), in ANSYS, and the stray inductances are extracted for each component. Subsequently, a model in SPICE is established, and the stray inductances are used in a double pulse test to evaluate the static and dynamic performance of the module. The losses found from SPICE simulations are then used in the ANSYS model to examine the module's thermal behaviour. The simulation results of the proposed design indicate low total stray inductances and a decrease in total power losses compared to a commercial device. |
10,488 | Please write an abstract with title: A Distributed Multirobot System Based on Edutainment Robots, and key words: Multirobot systems, Robot sensing systems, Mobile robots, Educational robots, Optical sensors, Costs, Robotics and automation, Robot programming, Optical fiber communication, Educational programs. Abstract: Reliability, simplicity and low cost are three properties that are difficult to combine in Robotics. Therefore, this combination has a great interest for education institutions. Our work is addressed to develop multirobot system using low cost platform. Simple LEGO© robots are enhanced by adding them expansion modules, in order to break its main limitations, and integrating it in an off-board programming system. A distributed architecture structured in four processing levels is implemented in order to allow users to manage, control and program a multirobot system through Internet. |
10,489 | Please write an abstract with title: CCSDS 131.2-B-1 Frequency Estimation Trade-Offs and a Novel Multi-Algorithm FPGA Architecture, and key words: Estimation, Frequency estimation, Receivers, Delays, Correlation, Signal to noise ratio, Satellites. Abstract: In recent years, following the rapid innovation guidelines of most space agencies, there have been major advances in satellite transmitter technologies. Released in 2012, the CCSDS 131.2-B-1 is one of the most recent downlink standards, with lacking in-depth research, but strongly endorsed by the European Space Agency (ESA). It seems then important to evaluate the performance of different frequency error detectors (FED) on its specific frame structure. This paper firstly deals with the analysis of the most common FEDs, while in the second part it proposes a lightweight architecture to estimate and compensate the carrier error using different algorithms on the same FPGA implementation. Specifically, the Delay & Multiply, Kay, Fitz, Luise & Reggiannini, Mengali & Morelli, and O'Shea et al. estimators are evaluated for both the estimation range and the accuracy. Following the general trade-offs, the design and implementation of the multi-algorithm estimator are detailed for a single feedback loop receiver. The system implements the Mengali & Morelli algorithm in the initial acquisition phase to exploit its wide estimation range, while it implements the Fitz algorithm for the tracking phase to take advantage of the lower RMS frequency error. The implementation follows a serial pipelined architecture, which can provide a new estimate for both algorithms in 5205 clock cycles using 942 LUT, 918 FF, 2.5 BRAM, and 7 DSP on a Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA. Together with the frequency error detector specifications, the entire acquisition and tracking loop is reported, which shows an output RMS frequency error of about 1.05 kHz at 8.5 Mbaud and 50 kHz/s Doppler rate, that can be easily compensated by a common pilot-assisted phase estimator. |
10,490 | Please write an abstract with title: Situation determination with reusable situation specifications, and key words: Libraries, Pervasive computing, Educational institutions, Intelligent sensors, Sensor systems, Machine learning, Computer architecture, Middleware, Prototypes, Machinery. Abstract: Automatically determining the situation of an ad-hoc group of people and devices within a smart environment is a significant challenge in pervasive computing systems. Current approaches often rely on an environment expert to correlate the situations that occur with the available sensor data, while other machine learning based approaches require long training periods before the system can be used. This paper presents a novel approach to situation determination that attempts to overcome these issues by providing a reusable library of general situation specifications that can be easily extended to create new specific situations, and immediately deployed without the need of an environment expert. A proposed architecture of an accompanying situation determination middleware is provided, as well as an analysis of a prototype implementation. |
10,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer perceptron classification for ENVISAT-ASAR imagery, and key words: Multilayer perceptrons, Neural networks, Biological neural networks, Remote sensing, Multi-layer neural network, Probability density function, Mathematical model, Polynomials, Training data, Testing. Abstract: This work describes the application of neural networks to targets classification from multi-polarization ENVISAT-ASAR imagery. The used neural network is multilayer perception (MLP) with fast learning (FL), which is fully interconnected network. Accordingly, the training data sets may be taken from a known truth data in the ground. And finally, the results of proposed method are compared with that of the other classification ones, the in situ test data are from Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province of China. |
10,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Diode laser with self-organizing dynamic cavity in self-intersecting active waveguide, and key words: Diode lasers, Optical beams, Optical waveguides, Semiconductor diodes, Gratings, Laser beams, Pump lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Laser feedback, Frequency. Abstract: In this report we present the results of our most recent investigations of novel semiconductor lasers with self-organizing cavity completed by dynamic gratings induced in a self-intersecting active layer of InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs heterostructure by generated beams themselves. |
10,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Total ionizing dose effects on the analog performance of a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and key words: CMOS technology, Integrated circuit noise, Integrated circuit technology, Ionizing radiation, CMOS analog integrated circuits, Signal design, Radiation hardening, Analog integrated circuits, Condition monitoring, Threshold voltage. Abstract: This paper presents a study of the ionizing radiation tolerance of static, signal and noise characteristics of 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS transistors, in the context of designing rad-hard analog integrated circuits. Device parameters were monitored before and after irradiation with /sup 60/Co /spl gamma/-rays at a 10 Mrad (SiO/sub 2/) total ionizing dose. The effects on key parameters such as threshold voltage shift and 1/f noise are studied and compared with the behavior under irradiation of devices in previous CMOS generations. |
10,494 | Please write an abstract with title: Face Mask Wearing Recognition System for Big Data Video Streaming, and key words: COVID-19, Support vector machines, Pandemics, Face recognition, Buildings, Machine learning, Streaming media. Abstract: With the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic in recent years, Video Stream Analytics technology quickly became a hot topic of discussion across technology forums. As it has appeared, in the pandemic situation in recent years, the use of masks when interacting with the community is a must, that's why the research works on mask identification today and more. receiving more and more attention. Understanding the situation, the team conducted facial recognition analysis inside the video to determine if the people appearing in the video were wearing masks. to then apply the trained model into practice. After a period of research, the team has also successfully built a mask recognition system that can generate images and can display the results as real-time video. Especially, the model is trained successful using systemml machine learning system. This is considered a positive result with real-time masked face recognition analysis. |
10,495 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework proposal for integrated process management, with emphasis at result feedback trough operational performance measurement, and key words: Proposals, Feedback, Monitoring, Technological innovation, Manufacturing processes, Production, Time measurement, Productivity, Atmosphere, Cultural differences. Abstract: This paper is aimed at development, implementation and discussion of a framework for management of processes focused in obtaining continuously monitored results, ensuring sustainable competitive advantages and triggering discussions about the importance of performance measurement use as feedback for goals and strategy review. The main point of the approach is at proposition of a chain application of worksheets, as suggested by Platts in 1993, exposing companies which adopt this processes to advantages of strategy reviews. |
10,496 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel integrated FBAR sensors: a universal technology platform for bio- and gas-detection, and key words: Film bulk acoustic resonators, Biosensors, Humidity, Polymer films, Acoustic sensors, Transistors, Acoustic applications, Zinc oxide, Frequency, Silicon. Abstract: In this paper the feasibility of thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR), for applications in bio- and gas-detection, is shown for the first time. Solidly mounted, ZnO FBARs with frequencies around 2 GHz have been fabricated on silicon substrates. The dependence of the FBAR mass sensitivity on the design of the layer stack has been investigated exhibiting an optimized sensitivity of 2.5 Hz cm/sup 2//pg. Using a common protein assay the capability of detecting bio-molecules has successfully been proved. Gas sensing has been demonstrated by coating the FBAR with a humidity absorbing polymer. A strong non-linear dependence of the humidity sensitivity on the thickness of the polymer coating has been found. When the polymer thickness is far less than the acoustic wavelength, a pure mass dependent response occurs, leading to a negative shift in resonance frequency. Moreover, as the polymer thickness becomes significant, acoustic influences affect the response and the shift becomes large and positive. A sensitivity to humidity of up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of comparably coated quartz crystal micro-balances has been observed. |
10,497 | Please write an abstract with title: AsNet: Antenna Selection Learning Network for Mobile Terminal Devices, and key words: MIMO, antenna selection, deep learning, neural network. Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output technology is now widely used in mobile devices to improve communication throughput. While additional antenna elements are cheap, RF elements are expensive and lead to high power consumption. Hence, interest is magnified in so-called antenna selection, where only a few out of all antenna elements are chosen. However, most existing antenna selection methods are too complex to be implemented on mobile devices. Industries are encouraged to use the maximum norm method, where the antennas that provide the largest power are selected. In this study, we propose AsNet, an antenna selection technique based on the data-driven deep learning approach. Given large volumes of training data, AsNet can automatically learn to select the best antennas efficiently. Surprisingly, AsNet can achieve similar performance to brute force method and the complexity is only slightly higher than that of random selection. |
10,498 | Please write an abstract with title: Sybil Attack Detection in VANETs using an AdaBoost Classifier, and key words: Wireless communication, Smart cities, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Transportation, Machine learning, Road safety, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: Smart cities are a wide range of projects made to facilitate the problems of everyday life and ensure security. Our interest focuses only on the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that takes care of the transportation issues using the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) paradigm as its base. VANETs are a promising technology for autonomous driving that provides many benefits to the user conveniences to improve road safety and driving comfort. VANET is a promising technology for autonomous driving that provides many benefits to the user's conveniences by improving road safety and driving comfort. The problem with such rapid development is the continuously increasing digital threats. Among all these threats, we will target the Sybil attack since it has been proved to be one of the most dangerous attacks in VANETs. It allows the attacker to generate multiple forged identities to disseminate numerous false messages, disrupt safety-related services, or misuse the systems. In addition, Machine Learning (ML) is showing a significant influence on classification problems, thus we propose a behavior-based classification algorithm that is tested on the provided VeReMi dataset coupled with various machine learning techniques for comparison. The simulation results prove the ability of our proposed mechanism to detect the Sybil attack in VANETs. |
10,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Fruit-FIT: Drone Interfaced Multiplexed Sensor Suite to Determine the Fruit Ripeness, and key words: Volatile organic compounds, Multiplexing, Semiconductor device measurement, Loss measurement, Biochemistry, Time measurement, Drones. Abstract: This work presents a hybrid sensor suite comprising a microneedle-based multiplexed hormone sensor and a volatile organic compound sensor integrated on a single chip. The microneedle sensors measured two phytohormones, salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid levels with onboard pH correction, and the volatile organic compound sensor measured the gaseous hormone ethylene. The sensor suite was deployed through a drone on ripe and unripe bell peppers before harvest. Dynamic measurement of salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and ethylene gas in bell peppers informed the progression of ripening, which will be pivotal in determining the optimum time to harvest and reducing postharvest losses. |
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