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11,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction Algorithm for Drugstore Consumption Members, and key words: Drugs, Machine learning algorithms, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Predictive models, Big Data, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: It is an important part of precision marketing to identify potential consumer members of specific activities in pharmacies based on the big data formed by members' historical consumption information and participation information. The problem of consumer member prediction is abstracted as the binary classification problem of whether the members will use the discount to consume in the drugstore after the drugstore gives the discount to the members. In order to solve the limitations of the traditional marketing model applied to the drugstore and the low accuracy of predicting consumer members, this paper proposes a multi angle feature expression and prediction model for drugstore members. According to the characteristics of pharmacies, such as the particularity of pharmacies and the association between drugs and members' diseases, this paper puts forward a variety of new features from the three perspectives of members' attributes, dynamics and consumption, and constructs a feature set by combining the new features with traditional consumption features. Through a variety of machine learning algorithms to build pharmacy consumer member prediction model and comparison, the results show that the ensemble learning algorithm based on XGBoost has high accuracy in consumer member prediction. |
11,201 | Please write an abstract with title: A three-layer architecture for reconciling compound actions in collaborative editing systems, and key words: Collaboration, User interfaces, Computer architecture, Computer interfaces, Maintenance engineering, Bridges, Application software, Text processing, Publishing, Programming. Abstract: In collaborative editing systems with replicated architecture, reconciliation of editing actions generated from the user interfaces of different editors for consistency maintenance is a critical issue. Consistency of compound editing actions cannot be maintained by simply maintaining the consistency of the corresponding primitive editing operations due to the semantic loss in representing compound editing actions with primitive editing operations. In this paper, we contribute a three-layer architecture to bridge the semantic gap between editing actions generated from the editor user interface and editing operations that are used to represent these actions. In this approach, editor-dependent editing actions are intercepted from the user interface and represented as editor-independent primitive and compound editing operations. These editing operations are then used to maintain the consistency of editor-dependent editing actions by leveraging operational transformation, and finally are translated into editor-dependent primitive editing operations for execution in individual editors. This approach can preserve the intentions of editing actions even in the presence of syntactic conflicts, while retaining the compatibility with existing single-user editors. |
11,202 | Please write an abstract with title: SMARTCARE: On the Design of an IoT Based Solution for Assisted Living, and key words: Monitoring, Logic gates, Sensors, Hardware, Biomedical monitoring, Medical services, Aging. Abstract: In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and Home Monitoring System (HMS) frameworks came into focus as an alternative to classic healthcare services for the ageing world population. Both overwhelmed healthcare systems and the susceptibility of older adults to develop severe complications are indicators that in the near future there will be a shift to a decentralized monitoring paradigm for chronic disease patients.This paper introduces the SMARTCARE system, a solution that integrates both AAL and HMS features in order to provide maximum flexibility in defining monitoring scenarios through the use of IoT devices. More, the system tackles the lack of uniformity that exists in standardization across the IoT field through the use of a modular architecture. |
11,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Approaches on Class Imbalanced Data, and key words: Industries, Machine learning algorithms, Data analysis, Sensitivity analysis, Machine learning, Predictive models, Decision trees. Abstract: Huge amounts of data are stored digitally every day. This data has various characteristics. Class imbalance is one of the characteristics that has the effect of machine learning algorithms performance and this problem is receiving attention among academia and industry. Class imbalance occurs when the number of instances in one class is significantly different than the number of instances in the other class (in binary classification). In this paper, we are combining supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches on one imbalanced dataset from a publicly available repository. Unsupervised machine learning approach of cluster analysis is applied on the most significant variables discovered by sensitivity analysis on predictive models developed by decision tree. Our results indicated a hybrid approach of decision tree and cluster analysis as a promising tool to work with imbalanced data. |
11,204 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Design and Analysis of Reaction Wheel Motor Applied to Satellite Attitude Control, and key words: Stator cores, Magnetic flux, Torque, Magnetic cores, Wheels, Rotors, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: This paper develops a coreless stator, dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) suitable for reaction wheels. The reaction wheel motor requires a design with high efficiency and high inertia. Therefore, the coreless stator motor can satisfy this requirement with the advantages of the suppression of core loss and reduction of weight to achieve high efficiency. In addition, due to the limited space, an integrated design embracing the driver into the reaction wheel motor is adopted to further prevent interference of magnet flux. Finally, a light-weight and high-efficiency reaction wheel motor is obtained by complete electromagnetic simulation verification. Experiments are conducted to validate the design. |
11,205 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Class Channel Access Scheme for Cognitive Edge Computing-Based Internet of Things Networks, and key words: Internet of Things, Servers, Interference, Delays, Quality of experience, Copper, Costs. Abstract: Edge computing-based framework is capable of improving users’ quality of experience in cognitive Internet of Things (IoT) networks. To explore the advantages of this edge computing-based framework, possible offloading and processing delay resulting from computation bottlenecks, and the offloading latency caused due to inter-cell interference must be properly considered. This paper thus considered a multi-class channel access mechanism for cognitive edge computing-based IoT networks where IoT users were categorized based on their quality of experience requirements. Essential IoT devices are permitted to offload to the edge server at any time following the hybrid channel access model, while delay-tolerant IoT devices are only permitted to offload to the server when the channel is idle following the overlay channel access model. Analyses were obtained for transmission rate and offloading delay to demonstrate the performance of the proposed mechanism, while important metrics such as total offloading latency and total offloading cost were investigated. The total offloading costs were formulated through the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium method. The proposed mechanism achieves lower offloading latencies and costs for both type 1 and type 2 CUs when compared with existing methods. The obtained results showed that multi-class channel access mechanisms can reduce packet offloading delay in cognitive edge computing-based IoT networks. |
11,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Supervised Association of Wi-Fi Probe Requests Under MAC Address Randomization, and key words: Probes, Correlation, Wireless fidelity, Trajectory, Object recognition, Smart phones, Privacy. Abstract: Wi-Fi-on devices such as smartphones search for network availability by periodically broadcasting probe requests which encapsulate MAC addresses as device identifiers. To protect identity privacy, modern devices embed random MAC addresses in probe frames, the so-called MAC address randomization. Such randomization disrupts the frame association, inadvertently frustrating identity-oblivious statistical analytic efforts such as people counting and trajectory inference. To address that, we propose <i>Cappuccino</i>, a novel privacy-preserving approach that captures the association of probe requests under MAC address randomization. Cappuccino first estimates pairwise frame correlation and then associates frames over time. For frame correlation, it employs a self-supervised estimator that jointly considers multiple modalities, i.e., information elements, sequence number, and received signal strength. For multiple frame association, Cappuccino formulates frames as a minimum-cost flow optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first piece of work that leverages self-supervised learning to estimate frame correlation based on multiple modalities and formulates the probe request association problem as the network flow optimization. We have conducted extensive experiments in a leading and crowded shopping mall for more than three months. Cappuccino achieves remarkable performance in terms of V-measure scores ($>0.85$). |
11,207 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency-Based Energy Management Strategy of a Dual-Motor All-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle, and key words: Degradation, Simulation, Force, Propulsion, Electric vehicles, Traction motors, Batteries. Abstract: The design of an energy management strategy (EMS) has a considerable impact on the operation of electric vehicles. In particular, a robust EMS can increase the battery lifetime and reduce its rated parameters degradation. This paper presents an efficiency-based EMS for a dual-motor all-wheel drive electric vehicle developed for the IEEE VTS Motor Vehicles Challenge 2021. The proposed solution aims to maximize the efficiency of the two electrical machines in order to minimize the state of charge depletion of the battery installed into the vehicle. Simulation results for different speed profiles are reported, demonstrating the effectiveness of the EMS proposed. |
11,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Mobile MIMO Antenna Using Mode Analysis, and key words: MIMO communication, Mobile antennas, Antenna measurements, Mobile handsets, Geometry, Loss measurement. Abstract: The method of mode analysis has been proposed to decouple MIMO antennas in recent mobile terminals. It suggests a mobile MIMO antenna might achieve the isolation enhancement characteristic by exciting orthogonal characteristic modes. Based on this method, we has developed a novel method of decoupling antenna elements with high-order modes of ground plane in mobile MIMO terminals. In a mobile MIMO device, an antenna element usually excites a high-order mode of field distribution in the ground plane. The E-field or H-field of the excited high-order mode forms several stable null-amplitude field points locating on the edge of the ground plane. Then we can place other antenna elements in the proper null points. By doing this, the antenna elements are decoupled with high isolations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we present a three-port MIMO antenna with isolation enhancement property based on the analysis of mode distributions on ground plane for mobile terminals. The results show the tri-port MIMO antenna has peak isolations up to around 50 dB, which verifies a multi-port mobile MIMO antenna might achieve isolation enhancement property by merely choosing the proposed method without any additional decoupling element. |
11,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Arbitrary Dispersion Compensation of Periodic Waveforms using On-chip Discrete Phase Filters, and key words: Bragg gratings, Silicon, Optical fiber communication, System-on-chip, Optical fiber filters, Optical waveguides, Optical fiber dispersion. Abstract: We propose a discrete phase filter design suitable for arbitrary dispersion compensation of periodic waveforms using waveguide Bragg gratings in silicon. Higher-order dispersion compensation (equivalent to 5,000 km long optical fiber) of a 40-GHz picosecond pulse train is experimentally demonstrated using mm-long phase filters. |
11,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of the scale of microgrids and the capacity of rooftop photovoltaics on the system energy self-sufficiency indicator, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Energy consumption, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Energy measurement, Microgrids, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Distributed photovoltaics (PVs) play an important role in promoting renewable energy development. Integrating distributed PVs into a microgrid system can fully improve the energy efficiency of the microgrid. Previous studies on the self-sufficiency of distributed microgrids have rarely taken the load characteristics of customers and the output characteristics of distributed energy sources into account. This paper focuses on the impact of the scale of microgrids and the capacity of rooftop PVs on the system energy self-sufficiency indicator. Residential load characteristics and output characteristics of rooftop PVs are analyzed, and then we propose indicators to measure PVs energy self-sufficiency and PVs energy consumption capacity. The results show that a general pattern how microgrid’s scale and the capacity of rooftop PVs affect system energy self-sufficienc. The research results are important for effective planning and design of residential rooftop PV microgrids. |
11,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Consistency of support vector machines and other regularized kernel classifiers, and key words: Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Kernel, Fasteners, Machine learning, Pattern recognition, Stochastic processes, Approximation methods, Functional analysis, Statistical distributions. Abstract: It is shown that various classifiers that are based on minimization of a regularized risk are universally consistent, i.e., they can asymptotically learn in every classification task. The role of the loss functions used in these algorithms is considered in detail. As an application of our general framework, several types of support vector machines (SVMs) as well as regularization networks are treated. Our methods combine techniques from stochastics, approximation theory, and functional analysis |
11,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent Ratio of Primary Frequency Regulation Resources Considering Multi-aspects of Frequency Profile, and key words: Hydraulic turbines, Power system dynamics, Hydroelectric power generation, Power system stability, Generators, Frequency response, Power markets. Abstract: Traditional frequency regulation is mainly undertaken by thermal power and hydropower units. With the increasing kinds of the frequency regulation resources are becoming available for the power systems, the performance of different frequency regulation resources varies greatly. It is necessary to consider the performance of different frequency regulation resources in the operation of the power system and the power market. Based on the performance of different frequency regulation resources in primary frequency response, this paper presents a method to calculate equivalent ratio of primary frequency regulation resources considering multi-aspects of frequency profile. Firstly, considering the profile of primary frequency response, frequency profile characteristics considering multi-aspects of frequency profile is analyzed. Then, in order to explore the performance characteristics of different frequency regulation resources, a method for calculation the equivalent ratio of primary frequency regulation resources considering multi-aspects of frequency profile is proposed. Finally, the effects of various parameters on the calculation of equivalent ratio are studied through simulation. |
11,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Fronthaul and Backhaul Connectivity for IoT Traffic in Rural Areas, and key words: Statistics, Sociology, Internet of Things, Transportation, Smart cities, Rural areas, Optical fiber networks, Resource management. Abstract: In this article, internet of things (IoT) connectivity in rural areas is investigated. Both fronthaul and backhaul considerations are studied. First, intelligent radio resource management (RRM) and network planning techniques are discussed for IoT access/fronthaul networks. The proposed RRM scheduling approach was shown to lead to good performance in scheduling IoT devices. Then, several backhauling techniques for providing connectivity to rural areas are investigated and their cost efficiency is analyzed. Techniques based on free space optics with solar powered devices are found to be a suitable backhaul solution. |
11,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Protecting Agriculture from Exogenous and Endogenous Factors: An Holistic Architecture, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Computer architecture, Ad hoc networks, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Real-time systems, Internet of Things, Monitoring. Abstract: An holistic architecture that fosters the application of Smart Farming (SF) in the context of agriculture is proposed in this paper. The proposed architecture exploits the benefits of Internet of Things (IoT), by utilizing a) Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for real time monitoring and b) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) / flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) for macroscopic monitoring of the field and inspecting the crops using multispectral cameras. The aggregated data coming from the monitoring process feed the cloud infrastructure, where Machine Learning (ML) and Computer Vision (CV) techniques are applied in order to protect plants from exogenous (e.g., pests) and endogenous (e.g., diseases) factors. |
11,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitor Placement for Link Latency Measurement in Hybrid SDNs, and key words: Monitoring, Routing, Routing protocols, Probes, Control systems, Current measurement. Abstract: Accurate link latency information is essential for various traffic engineering problems, such as routing design and network diagnosis. However, due to the routing constraints, link latency measurement is still a challenging problem in hybrid software-defined networks (SDNs) and little literature has been found in this field. Due to cost, a hybrid SDN composed of conventional routers and SDN switches will exist for some time to come, which shows the necessity and the urgency to address this problem. In this paper, we investigate this link latency measurement problem in two different scenarios: 1) the conventional routers can only support the shortest path routing protocol, and 2) the conventional routers can support source routing protocol. For both of these scenarios, we show how to deploy a minimum number of monitors and how to construct measurement paths between monitors to measure all the link latencies. Several algorithms are presented to solve these problems and the evaluations on different topologies prove the superiority of the proposed methods. |
11,216 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Framework for Mapping Crime Data on Established Sociological Hypothesis for Societal Disorder Identification and Prevention, and key words: Data mining, Fuzzy logic, Prediction algorithms, Big Data, Tools, Strain. Abstract: This paper presents the novel work of digitally linking the crime theories being worked for many years by sociologists to the data record of criminals. The proposed methodology ensures that societal theories can be unequally characterized based on a set of features. These features can be extracted from the criminal record of convicts. The paper presents the methodology and demonstrates its applicability by digitally mapping several records of convicted criminals in Pakistan on societal theories. The accuracy of the results is verified by presenting them to a panel of experts in criminology and sociology. This novel work can lead societies to cluster crimes being committed in their respective communities to one or more of social theories and then take the help of the rich work that has already been done by sociologists in curbing crimes in communities by the right intervention of policies, incentives, and enforcement. |
11,217 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling linear lumped loads in the FDTD method using piecewise linear recursive convolution method, and key words: Load modeling, Finite difference methods, Piecewise linear techniques, Convolution, Impedance, Maxwell equations, Time domain analysis, Current density, Resistors, Conductivity. Abstract: The paper gives a new algorithm to include linear lumped elements in the finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm. The proposed method can efficiently account for two-terminal networks made of several lumped elements. The piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) technique is used to implement lumped loads in a Yee cell. Using this method, it is possible to simulate equivalent circuits of terminations for microstrip structures, ICs or digital devices. The advantage of the PLRC technique is addressed and simulation results validating this method are presented. |
11,218 | Please write an abstract with title: PID and Backstepping Controller on a 2-Link Biped Robot, and key words: Legged locomotion, Uncertain systems, Backstepping, Uncertainty, Trajectory tracking, Perturbation methods, Robustness. Abstract: This paper deals with the application of PID controller and backstepping controller to the 2-link biped robot considering the non-linearities, parameter uncertainties, unmodelled dynamics related to it like parameter disturbance, unknown joint friction, inertia, different payloads and external perturbations). The trajectory tracking of a 2-link biped robot utilizing these two controllers is presented in this paper. The fundamental purpose of research is to identify the robustness of controller for trajectory tracking. |
11,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Field Oriented Control of IPMSM Fed by Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridges Inverter with NI-SOM sbRIO-9651 FPGA controller, and key words: Permanent magnet machines, Heuristic algorithms, Programming, Multilevel inverters, Software, Steady-state, Safety. Abstract: Electrical drives fed by Multilevel Inverters (MIs) are of considerable interest for traction and e-mobility applications. In detail, Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMI) is a promising solution for electrical drive optimization purposes in terms of efficiency, safety, integration and flexible use of energy sources. The aim of this paper is the experimental implementation of the field-oriented control strategy of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) fed by CHBMI by use of NI-SOM sbrRIO-9651 FPGA controller. This FPGA controller can be programmable in the LabVIEW programming environment with the consequent benefits of graphical programming. The paper address the acquisition of mechanical and electrical quantities necessary for closed-loop control, such as speed, position and currents, the development of their condition circuits, the control software implementation and the experimental validation. |
11,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical simulation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with noncylindrical oxide confinement, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Surface emitting lasers, Optical modulation, Apertures, Physics, Optical arrays, Optical distortion, Magnetic confinement, Finite difference methods, Laser theory. Abstract: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) have a high potential in telecommunication applications. We have developed two extensions of the weighted index method (WIM): the empirical effective-radius method (ER-WIM) and the hybrid analytical-numerical method. The ER-WIM defines two effective radii for a noncircular aperture. The two models proposed here aim to simplify the problem to a physically acceptable level. They are still reliable but computationally more feasible because they are significantly faster than a full-3D FEM and never require large computer resources. |
11,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Neural Networks for Interpretable Tactile Sensing, and key words: Visualization, Biomedical optical imaging, Biological system modeling, Tactile sensors, Optical computing, Optical fiber networks, Optical imaging. Abstract: Fine-grained tactile perception of objects is significant for robots to explore the unstructured environment. Recent years have seen the success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based methods for tactile perception using high-resolution optical tactile sensors. However, CNNs-based approaches may not be efficient for processing tactile image data and have limited interpretability. To this end, we propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approach for tactile recognition using a soft biomimetic optical tactile sensor. The obtained tactile images can be transformed into graphs, while GNN can be used to analyse the implicit tactile information among the tactile graphs. The experimental results indicate that with the proposed GNN-based method, the maximum tactile recognition accuracy can reach 99.53%. In addition, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Unsigned Grad-CAM (UGrad-CAM) methods are used for visual explanations of the models. Compared to traditional CNNs, we demonstrated that the generated features of the GNN-based model are more intuitive and interpretable. |
11,222 | Please write an abstract with title: New developments in the TSD-analysis of electrets, and key words: Electrets, Current measurement, Dielectric measurements, Spatial resolution, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Time domain analysis, Shape, Distribution functions, Statistical analysis, Statistical distributions. Abstract: Modifications of thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) measurements for electrets have been developed to resolve the spatial distribution of the trapped charges. They invoke the use of thermal or pressure waves in order to deform the charged dielectric locally. It is often illuminating to backup TSD with dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), since TSD is related to DRS in several ways. So we can often borrow from DRS and TDS (time domain spectroscopy) to advance the analysis of TSD. This allows one to broaden the TSD modelling to other functions than KWW, which only relies on one shape parameter. We can also extent the analysis by invoking special distribution functions taken in part from statistics. |
11,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Snap of microwave plasmatron operation stability within pressure range in medium vacuum, and key words: Plasma stability, Plasma diagnostics, Optical recording, Plasma properties, Vacuum technology, Microwave theory and techniques, Testing, Optical pumping, Electron tubes, Disk recording. Abstract: A snap of microwave plasmatron operation stability within the pressure range in medium vacuum was developed and tested on the basis of an optical diagnostics technique. The essence of the technique is simultaneous synchronous recording of the signal from the vacuum-gauge analog output and the signal from the photoelectric multiplying tube. Recording is carried out during plasmatron pumpout from the moment of gas cut-off to the moment of discharge starvation. We compared the data obtained during investigation of microwave discharge stability in different modes of plasma generation with the results of the snap of discharge glow properties. Such analysis proves the reliability and high informativity of the developed technique. |
11,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiplexed Principal Modes in Few-Mode Fiber Links With Limited Delayed Feedback, and key words: Manifolds, Wireless communication, Interpolation, Quantization (signal), Transmitters, Receivers, Wavelength division multiplexing. Abstract: The use of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter significantly enhances the performance of wireless communication systems. However, the requirement of CSI feed-back increases the burden on the reverse link, especially in links that employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), where CSI takes the form of scalar parameters of the Principal Modes (PMs). Typical deployments use quantization and feedback of CSI at certain wavelengths of the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) grid, with interpolation to fill in missing CSI at the transmitter. Past work has used the Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm (LBG) algorithm for quantization and interpolation of CSI. This paper includes the parameterization of the PMs into scalar parameters that are subjected to quantization and interpolation. we exploit another degree of flexibility by the ordering of the singular vectors of unitary PMs. This results in significant savings over the previous approaches to quantize PMs without any loss in performance. Further, simulations reveal that the proposed Flag manifold quantization and interpolation effectively enhance achievable rates with limited complexity. |
11,225 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Service Robots for Urban Waste Management - Multiagent Route Planning and Cooperative Operation, and key words: Robots, Planning, Service robots, Waste management, Robot kinematics, Mobile robots, Simulated annealing. Abstract: A sustainable approach towards smart waste management means reduced impact on the health of the workers, lower greenhouse gas emissions and low operational costs. Incorporating fleets of the robot MARBLE (Mobile Autonomous RoBot for Litter Emptying) effectuates these requirements for autonomously emptying the dustbins on the streets of Berlin. The dedicated waypoints for the route formulation are the global positions of the dustbins, and the garbage emptying position from the robots after reaching the maximum compressed-garbage storage capacity. In this paper, we provide a cost function efficient solution for providing global routes to the robots. The cost function includes operational energy expenditure. After conducting numerous experiments with varying algorithm parameter values, the specific weightage of route permutation operators and the initial temperature for a simulated annealing method with nearest neighbour approach was narrowed down as a well-performing set. This set was used in three different operation scenarios. The results of the cost function on the basis of the chosen parameters show an improvement of average 28% for two different exemplary datasets, and 30% improvement for an implementation in an actual existing park in Berlin for operation scenarios as compared to results from a nearest neighbour heuristic. |
11,226 | Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study on Patent Novelty Detection: A Novel Approach Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, and key words: Training, Patents, Technological innovation, Art, Turning, Natural language processing, Task analysis. Abstract: Patent, a form of intellectual property often be in the first place when it comes to securing an invention. The legal boundaries created then will become key stages of turning an invention into a commercial product. In recent years, the unprecedented growth of patent applications has induced a great challenge to patent examiners. Novelty detection is one major step considered before and after filing a patent application to assure claimed inventions are new and non-obvious. This itself is considered as a salient stage of prior art search by patent applicants, patent examiners, patent attorneys, patent agent professionals. Management in terms of critical analysis of such a large scale of documents has become a challenge since missing an optimal, effective, and efficient system. To this end, we come up with a novel experimental case study to foster highly recursive and interactive tasks. We developed and investigated more than 50 machine learning models on the considered dataset. The contributions of this work include: (1) outlined and anticipated the importance of novelty detection in the patent domain, (2) develop various baseline models for novelty detection, (3) utilize immense contributions of deep learning towards NLP to improve baseline models, (4) assess the performance of every model by using different word embeddings like word2vec, glove, fasttext, and domain-specific embeddings, (5) a novel application of NBSVM algorithm on our dataset, and considered as exceptionally good of our models. We articulated the fulfillment of models using training and validation curves to prove seemingly negligible overfit or no overfit, in the hope that effective automation in novelty detection helps in driving down the routine prior art search efforts. |
11,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Collaborative Fraudulent Transaction Detection using Federated Learning, and key words: Training, Machine learning algorithms, Databases, Collaboration, Clustering algorithms, Machine learning, Filtering algorithms. Abstract: Fraudulent transaction detection is a difficult problem for an individual bank, since the number of fraudulent transactions within a single bank’s records is significantly less compared to the day-to-day regular transactions it processes. Hence, due to this extreme data imbalance, training a classifier is difficult. Also, the model will not be able to learn from different types of fraudulent transactions, which a single bank’s database lacks. Collaboration between banks is the only way to achieve a generalized model, but banks will not share their data with each other due to competition and regulatory restrictions. Federated Learning can be leveraged here to solve this problem. However, in a cross-silo setting like this, the data held by different banks will be different in terms of distribution and hence follows a non-IID scenario across the participants’ datasets. Moreover, we are considering that a minority of the banks could be malicious and will try to disrupt this federated learning process. Hence the problem is to perform federated learning in a non-IID setting with active adversaries involved, which is a new research area under fraud detection. We perform non-IID partitioning of the transaction dataset to simulate 10 banks or silos. Then, for benchmark, we perform federated averaging with a subset of the banks set as malicious. Furthermore, we propose a novel algorithm - Epsilon Cluster Selection, a filter-based aggregation technique to recognize and prevent malicious nodes from contributing to the global model being trained. We apply this algorithm to the same setting with malicious banks and compare the results. |
11,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of 5G capabilities for smart manufacturing, and key words: Wireless communication, 5G mobile communication, Ethernet, Standardization, Production, Broadband communication, Local area networks. Abstract: 5G has been defined to address new use cases beyond consumer-focused mobile broadband services. In particular industrial use cases, for example in smart manufacturing, have been addressed in the 5G standardization, so that 5G can support industrial IoT services and wireless industrial networking. To this end, 5G needs to integrate with the industrial network based on Ethernet and TSN. 5G can create new opportunities for smart manufacturing by enabling flexibility and increasing the automation in the production. This paper provides an overview of the use cases and requirements for smart manufacturing that can be addressed with 5G and which are validated in three industrial 5G trial systems. The capabilities of 5G are described for providing non-public networks that support industrial LAN services based on Ethernet and TSN. The 5G radio access network functionality is described and discussed for practical deployments. The paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art of using 5G for smart manufacturing. |
11,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Averaged Adaptive Cross Approximation with Schur Complement Decomposition, and key words: Conferences, Approximation algorithms, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: A modified form of the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) was proposed for certain structured matrices for which the original ACA fails. The formulation of the modified ACA algorithm is reconsidered, and a new inversion method based on the Schur Complement decomposition is presented. |
11,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Control Design for One Class of Linear Strictly Metzler Time-delay Systems, and key words: Control design, Heuristic algorithms, Complexity theory, Numerical stability. Abstract: The paper presents one method from the field of Metzler linear time-delay systems, which is able to handle constraint complexity of the design condition, when synthesizing the state control law parameter for this class of systems. LMI-based algorithm variants are proposed in order to derive the controller matrix parameters that guarantee closed-loop system positive performance and stability under the proposed conditions of solvability. In this line of solution the approach reflect particular dynamics properties of the closed-loop system, when guaranteeing desired effects by adjustment of diagonal linear matrix variables. The interest of the contribution is to increase the efficiency and performance of the state control design for strictly Metzler linear time-delay systems. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated by the numerical example. |
11,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Faster Security Assessment of Re-hosted Firmware, and key words: Performance evaluation, Privacy, Correlation, Process control, Safety, Security, Internet of Things. Abstract: The rapid growth of the number of IoT devices and their intrinsic correlation to everyone’s life poses critical security challenges. The security, safety and privacy are constantly under attack due to the huge number of easy-to-exploit vulnerabilities in these devices. It is straightforward to notice how a careful analysis of IoT devices is more topical and urgent than ever and it is important to adopt effective vulnerability assessment methodologies in order to identify and thwart many types of cyberattacks. In order to perform traditional analyses on the firmware, however, it is important to emulate the latter in a controlled environment: a process called firmware re-hosting. In this paper we discuss the limitations of the existing re-hosting approaches when dealing with vulnerability assessment and we propose a novel methodology to speed up security analyses and allow the application to firmware of traditional security tools, such as binary fuzzers. |
11,232 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of MBE surface step-edge kinetics to make an atomically smooth quantum well, and key words: Kinetic theory, Gallium arsenide, Molecular beam epitaxial growth, Atomic layer deposition, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Annealing, Bonding, Physics, Multilevel systems. Abstract: Summary form only given. On an atomic scale, all quantum wells grown by conventional MBE have rough barrier-well interfaces with step-edges, pits, or islands one or more monolayers (MLs) high. Cleaved-edge overgrowth is MBE on the atomically flat [110] surface exposed by an in situ cleave so that there exists no roughness on this bottom interface. The top surface of the overgrown [110] film, however, generally has large roughness due to the required GaAs [110] growth conditions. Here we control the molecular step-edge kinetics on the upper interface by growing on the smooth [110] cleave an integral number of GaAs MLs and then initiating a growth-interrupt-anneal. We characterize the structures using AFM and photoluminescence. |
11,233 | Please write an abstract with title: The impact of new concepts on the economy of integrated circuit realisations, and key words: Production, Silicon, Crystals, Passivation, Gold, Complexity theory, Bonding. Abstract: In this paper an attempt is made to look Into the future development of activities In the integrated circuit field which aim at considerable improvements In production economics. |
11,234 | Please write an abstract with title: The Visualization Process: The Path from Data to Insight, and key words: Data visualization, Computational modeling, Analytical models, Computer displays, Data mining, Photography, Birds, Telecommunication traffic, Color, Graphics. Abstract: While previous Visualization panels have focused on different methods for scientific visualization, this panel focuses on the process of transforming data into insight. The overarching goal for visualization is to transform data into information or knowledge. This goal, however, can be somewhat elusive and difficult to achieve. The purpose of this panel is to discuss a variety of approaches that range from traditional to those that are new and emerging. Each of the given panelists is keenly interested in extracting relevant knowledge and information from a given set of data. However, each panelist takes a very different approach, and each has a different process by which visualization bears insight. David Ebert is inspired by the effectiveness of illustration and experimental photography techniques to convey knowledge. Kelly Gaither is keenly rooted in the physical meaning behind the data and uses this knowledge to guide the choice and style of visual representation. Pat Hanrahan is interested in self-illustrating phenomena and new approaches to visualizing streams of data such as network flows, migrations of birds and people, and flow of goods and traffic. Daniel Weiskopf is exploring the impact of color, motion, and interactivity on the visualization process. His approaches are traditional in nature but incorporate advances in graphics hardware. |
11,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Absolute QoS signalling and reservation in optical burst-switched networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Optical fiber networks, Quality of service, Admission control, Traffic control, Proposals, Optical losses, Optical buffering, Telecommunication traffic, Upper bound. Abstract: Recently, some absolute QoS schemes have been proposed to offer quantitative loss guarantees at core nodes in OBS networks. By moving the admission control process to core nodes, which have the most updated information about their own traffic conditions, these schemes can provide reliable and robust per-link loss guarantees. However, the issue of how to provide edge-to-edge guarantees for burst flows over the entire edge-to-edge paths have not been investigated in any of the proposals. In this paper, we propose a signalling and reservation scheme to coordinate the reservation and teardown process over the edge-to-edge path in the absolute QoS model. The key idea is to judiciously divide the edge-to-edge loss requirement into a series of small loss probabilities that are allocated to the intermediate links. The performance of the scheme is evaluated through simulation. |
11,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Allocation and Tracking of Public Funds using Blockchain, and key words: Visualization, Distributed ledger, Companies, Blockchains, Resource management, Visual databases. Abstract: Blockchain is a technology that helps create and maintain a cryptographically secure, shared, and distributed ledger (a database) for transactions. It is a public ledger to which everyone has access but control of the ledger does not lie with a central authority. One can get transparency, accountability and trust by using blockchain to perform digital transactions. It is an enabling technology for individuals as well as companies to collaborate while ensuring that trust and transparency are maintained throughout the process. Considering these characteristics, blockchain can be used for tracking the flow of public funds assigned to a project. The paper explores the uses of blockchain technology in real-life commercial applications and proposes a method that will be used to allocate and track public funds using blockchain technology. |
11,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Assessment of Voltage Stability Region using an Artificial Neural Network, and key words: Stability criteria, Loading, Optimization methods, Voltage, Artificial neural networks, Power system stability, Feeds. Abstract: As the voltage instability disturbs the adequate operation of power system, incessant observing of the system status is needed. Artificial Neural networks can be used for voltage stability monitoring due to the non-linear nature of the voltage stability prediction problem. In this work, a Multi-layered Feed Forward Neural Network (MLFFNN) with less amount of neurons is used. It estimates the voltage stability index of all the buses by using VCPI (Voltage Collapse point indicator) under different loading conditions. Test results indicate that the proposed Multi-Layer Feed Forward neural network-based approach gives exact assessment of Voltage Stability Index values for different loading conditions. Since the method is much quicker it can evidence that, it is easily adopted for on-line applications as compared to conventional power flow methods. The standard IEEE 14 bus test system is tested with the proposed method. |
11,238 | Please write an abstract with title: A high-efficiency DC-DC converter for high voltage DC input aeronautical static inverter, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Inverters, Zero voltage switching, Switches, Frequency conversion, Parasitic capacitance, Rectifiers, Diodes, Filters, Clamps. Abstract: This paper proposes a high-efficiency DC-DC converter for high voltage DC input aeronautical static inverter. The proposed converter is composed of dual two-transistor forward DC-DC converter (TTFC), coupled with a single high frequency transformer. The converter operates at a fixed duty cycle ratio near unity. Zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of the switches are realized with function of transformer leakage inductances and the parasitic capacitances of the switches. There is no voltage oscillation and voltage spike on the secondary rectifier diodes because of output filter capacitor's clamping. Operation principle, output characteristics and ZVS condition of the proposed converter are analyzed. Experimental results obtained from a 270 V input 2 kW 100 kHz prototype are presented. The measured efficiency is 95.93% at full load. |
11,239 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Experimental Analysis of a Selfbearing Double-Stator Linear-Rotary Actuator, and key words: Geometry, Actuators, Torque, Force, Prototypes, Stators, Position measurement. Abstract: Linear-rotary actuators (LiRAs) are today used in industry applications where a controlled linear and rotary motion is necessary such as pick-and-place robots, servo actuation of gearboxes or tooling machines. However, in special industry applications that require high purity and/or high precision positioning, the usage of conventional LiRAs with mechanical bearings is limited. Therefore, in this paper a LiRA with integrated magnetic bearings, i.e. a selfbearing/bearingless LiRA, is analyzed. The actuator employs concentrically arranged linear and rotary stators placed inside and outside a cylindrically shaped mover, which results in a so-called selfbearing double-stator (SBDS) LiRA. A FEM geometry optimization of the SBDS LiRA is performed and Pareto performance plots concerning linear force and torque generation are obtained. A SBDS LiRA hardware demonstrator and an 18-phase inverter power supply hardware prototype are built and their operation is experimentally verified by rotary and linear position step response measurements. |
11,240 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Total Variation Superresolution Method for Radar Forward-Looking Imaging, and key words: TV, Radar imaging, Superresolution, Imaging, Radar, Azimuth, Signal resolution. Abstract: Total variation (TV) method has been utilized to realize super-resolution and preserve contour information of target in radar forward-looking imaging. However, its real-time ability is restricted to matrix inversion. In this paper, a fast TV (FTV) superresolution method is proposed to improve the real-time superresolution ability of traditional TV method. The proposed FTV method utilizes the low displacement rank features of Toplitz matrix and realizes fast matrix inversion by Gohberg-Semencul (GS) representation. It not only effectively improves the azimuth resolution and preserve the contour information of target, but also reduced the computational complexity of traditional TV method to improve its real-time superresolution ability. The superior performance of the proposed FTV method is verified by simulation and measured data processing. |
11,241 | Please write an abstract with title: A systems analyst's computer watch: 1943-2003, and key words: Watches, Communication system control, Magnetic heads, Delay, Manufacturing, Employment, Business communication, Instruments, Control system analysis, Information analysis. Abstract: An abiding interest in computerization and the manner in which it is-or is not-implemented, especially in large organizations, grew out of the author's professional life as a systems analyst and became a lifelong pursuit. In this recollection, she describes what it was like to work as an analyst in the 1940s and 1950s, and she also describes a number of incidents that reflected prevailing attitudes toward women in the workplace. |
11,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of the Hardware Platform of Satellite Optical Switching Node, and key words: Integrated optics, Satellites, Optical design, Optical switches, Quality of service, Optical fiber networks, Optical burst switching. Abstract: We design and implement a satellite optical switching hardware platform based on optical burst switching (OBS) technology. The hardware platform runs stably and realizes 20*20 channels of Microseconds level optical switching, which meets the requirements of quality of service (QoS) in the current optical network. |
11,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Intercalibration of FY-3C MWRI Over Forest Warm-Scenes Using Microwave Radiative Transfer Model, and key words: Calibration, Microwave radiometry, Ocean temperature, Sea surface, Microwave theory and techniques, Electromagnetic heating, Land surface. Abstract: In order to cover the full Brightness Temperature (TB) range of microwave radiometer, warm-scene intercalibration is necessary and serves as a complement to cold-scene calibration over sea surfaces. This paper presents a method to intercalibrate the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on the Chinese meteorological satellite Fengyun 3C (FY-3C) against the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) over forest warm scenes using the Double Difference (DD) method based on a microwave radiative transfer model. Considering the complex and variable land properties, forests are selected as calibration sites in terms of normalized difference vegetation index and polarization TB differences. The intercalibration results show that calibration biases exist in all FY-3C MWRI channels, and the calibration of MWRI ascending (MWRIA) data is better than that of the MWRI descending (MWRID) data. The intercalibration coefficients of FY-3C MWRI are obtained using quadratic regression fed with coincident TBs. |
11,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of Android Application for Virtual Birthday Present, and key words: Protocols, Smart phones, Operating systems, Social factors, Touch sensitive screens. Abstract: Android is an Operating System that is based on Linux. It was predominantly designed for touch screen devices like tablets and smartphones. Android Application is a software application running on the Android platform. This paper presents an Android application which is used for virtual celebration. It is shared to surprise the near and dear on their birthdays, especially during these difficult times of the pandemic. This application is developed in Android Studio using activities and fragments. It contains images and texts from the sender, wishing the receiver a “Happy Birthday”. Each screen is assigned a stipulated amount of time after which the next screen appears. Due to the “Covid-19 Pandemic”, people could not meet their friends and family. As a small step towards overcoming this longing, this research work presents an Android application which is a virtual birthday present. Virtual birthday present makes users feel intimate and elated, following all the Covid-19 protocols simultaneously. Moreover, using this project, there is no limit to the number of photos one can share, nor it takes extra time to download each media file. Once the app is downloaded everything is at the user's fingertip. |
11,245 | Please write an abstract with title: International cooperative--collaborative perspectives - Superconductive science and technology, and key words: Superconductivity, Superconducting magnets, Superconducting transmission lines, Electrical equipment industry, Instruments, Laboratories, Research and development, International collaboration, Biomedical equipment, Solids. Abstract: This paper discusses the achievements of Applied Superconductivity over the past 25 years and a brief outline of the present technical and commercial status of the field. Special attention is paid to the role of International collaboration and cooperation in superconducting research. The main topics covered include applications of superconductivity to Energy Technology, Particle Physics, Medical Equipment and Electronics. Natural resource limitations are discussed and some future application areas are suggested. |
11,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Cucumber Leaf Disease Classification using Local Tri-directional Patterns and Haralick Features, and key words: Support vector machines, Industries, Image color analysis, Production, Feature extraction, Cameras, Real-time systems. Abstract: Plant's diseases cause major economic and production losses in the agricultural industry around the world. Farmers are mostly struggling in controlling and identification of plant diseases. Thus, timely detection of diseases will be beneficial for farmers, so they can avoid further losses. In this research, a machine learning-based technique is introduced for the classification of cucumber diseases i.e., Healthy, Anthracnose, Aphids and CYSDV. For conducting this research dataset is gathered from a cucumber farm with the single-lens reflex camera. The main aim is to design a model that is robust to noise in real-time problems. The immense noise in images made the task tough and interesting. Firstly, Images are converted to LAB color space, and Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted through K-mean clustering. Secondly, Haralick features, and Local Tri Directional pattern (LTriDP) are serially fused. Quadratic Support Vector Machine (Q-SVM) classifies disease with a success rate of 96.80%. |
11,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Latency Compensation Through Image Warping For Remote Rendering-Based Volumetric Video Streaming, and key words: Head, Image processing, Streaming media, Rendering (computer graphics), Cameras, User experience, Mobile handsets. Abstract: Rendering multiple high-quality volumetric videos is still a challenge for today’s mobile devices. Remote rendering offloads complex rendering operations to a powerful server and provides the final result to the end device as a 2D video stream. A drawback of remote rendering is the significant increase of interaction latency that can degrade the user experience. We present a planar homography-based approach that compensates minor changes of the user’s head pose due to the interaction latency by warping the transmitted image on the client-side, just before it is sent to the display. In detail, we use the homography between the initial head pose when the image is rendered at the server and the latest available head pose of the user at the client. We perform controlled experiments using artificial camera traces to evaluate our approach. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the rendering errors significantly in terms of the mean-squared error between the rendered and reference images, especially combined with initial head motion prediction. |
11,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigating Challenges of Student Centered Learning in Thai Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and key words: COVID-19, Pandemics, Distance learning, Conferences, Plagiarism, Education, Laboratories. Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed major challenges for the education sector worldwide. Face-to-face university courses have to be taught online. University instructors have faced significant difficulties in creating a student-centered learning (SCL) environment online. The aim of this study was to investigate the major challenges of creating student centered learning in Thailand and focused on a population of college instructors attending Thai EASTEM webinar on “Student-Centered Learning in Internet-Based (online) Teaching”, offered in year 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aims of this webinar series aimed to provide information on student-centered online learning, how to effectively conduct SCL-based online classes and strategies for better assessments in online learning. There were more than 1000 participants attending all three webinars. The online questionnaire was designed to gather information required by the study. Both quantitative and qualitative were analyzed according to emerging aspects of the online learning activity including learning goals, tools & resources, roles and assessment. As results, most instructors had concerned about fairness and honesty in online assessment, how to create SCL online teaching and students' skills in using computer for online learning and students' readiness in terms of equipment. The study findings are of great use in areas of education development in higher institutes of learning. The findings are also of considerable value in creating SCL online learning environment for college teaching in a digital era and adaptation of instructors towards new way of teaching and learning. |
11,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring core based tree (CBT) in WDM networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, WDM networks, Costs, Wavelength division multiplexing, Computer science, Wavelength routing, Wavelength assignment, Heuristic algorithms, Bandwidth, Scalability. Abstract: In this paper, we explore the routing and wavelength assignment problem for the CBT service in a WDM network where k sources need to send data to a common core node. We formally model the problem as a problem of finding k shortest lightpaths from sources to the core subject to the constraint of wavelength collision free. We define and study several subproblems, each addressing a different objective. For the feasibility and the minimum total cost problems of k shortest lightpaths, we show how the classical network flow algorithms can be modified and applied efficiently on the network flow model constructed on the transformed wavelength graph. For the minimum max-cost problem, we prove its NP-completeness and propose two efficient heuristic algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristic algorithms perform very close to the calculated lower bounds. |
11,250 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Retinex low-illumination image enhancement algorithm, and key words: Image edge detection, Image color analysis, Lighting, Filtering algorithms, Colored noise, Low pass filters, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: Low-illumination images are generally low-quality images. The retinex algorithm can cause halo artifacts and loss of details in processing. Therefore, an improved Retinex algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the HSI color space which is more in line with the human visual characteristics is selected instead of the RGB image, that is, the luminance component I is processed. Then, the illuminance image is estimated by using a guided filter that fuses the edge detection operator, and the edge detection operator can be better positioned. At the edge, an illuminance image with rich edge information can be obtained; after obtaining the illuminance image, the reflected image can be obtained by the Retinex principle, the obtained reflected image is subjected to low-rank decomposition, and the low-rank property of the image is used to suppress the enlarged halo and the enhancement process. Noise; finally, the visual effect is further improved by local contrast enhancement. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively improve the brightness and contrast of the image, preserve the details of the image, and also suppress the noise interference in the enhancement process. The subjective visual effect and objective evaluation results of the image have also been greatly improved. |
11,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Deployment of a UAV-Mounted Intelligent Reflecting Surface in the THz Band, and key words: Wireless communication, Analytical models, Three-dimensional displays, Absorption, Transmitting antennas, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, Mobile antennas. Abstract: The design of RIS-assisted THz wireless systems is envisioned to be one of the key roles in 6G evolution. In this paper, we implement an analytical pathloss model for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in terahertz (THz) band. We study the optimal 3D deployment problem and configuration of UAV-Mounted RIS in THz band environment with the objective of maximizing the achievable rate of the network considering the distances from transmitter/receiver to the RIS, blockage probability, the far field constraints for unit cells and antennas, the size of the RIS, absorption loss and we provide a discussion that can serve as guidelines for researchers and mobile network operators for designing UAV-Mounted RIS in the THz Band. |
11,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial knowledge and cyberworlds, and key words: Graphics, Visualization, Information technology, Australia, Control systems, Information analysis, Humans, Cognition, Decision making, Spatial databases. Abstract: "Spatialization" refers to the creation of a graphic representation based on a spatial metaphor and the transformation that condenses large complex semantic domains into their essential components. Spatialization can be defined as the projection of elements of a high-dimensional information space into a low-dimensional, potentially experiential, interactive, representational space. Spatialization can involve a mathematical transformation that creates a logically defined coordinate system for rearranging a set of data items or documents based on their content and functional relationships. The transformation may be constructed semantically (on the basis of attributes), geometrically (on the basis of links or structural relationships between items), or by a combination of the two. This paper surveys this idea with respect to the problem of knowledge management. In doing so, it passes judgment on the prospects for cyberworlds in the knowledge management context and illustrates the cognitive principles for cyberworlds by examples encountered in the author's own work. |
11,253 | Please write an abstract with title: MetaMorphs: Deformable shape and texture models, and key words: Shape, Deformable models, Image segmentation, Computer vision, Biomedical imaging, Active contours, Level set, Probability density function, Spline, Convergence. Abstract: We present a new class of deformable models, MetaMorphs, that consist of both shape and interior texture. The model deformations are derived from both boundary and region information in a common variational framework. This framework represents a generalization of previous model-based segmentation approaches. The shapes of the new models are represented implicitly as "images" in the higher dimensional space of distance transforms. The interior textures are captured using a nonparametric kernel-based approximation of the intensity probability density functions (p.d.f.s) inside the models. The deformations that MetaMorph models can undergo are defined using a space warping technique - the cubic B-spline based Free Form Deformations (FFD). When using the models for boundary finding in images, we derive the model dynamics from an energy functional consisting of both edge energy terms and intensity/texture energy terms. This way, the models deform wider the influence of forces derived from both boundary and regional information. The proposed MetaMorph deformable models are efficient in convergence, have large attraction range, and are robust to image noise and inhomogeities. Various examples on finding object boundaries in noisy images with complex textures demonstrate the potential of the proposed technique. |
11,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Degrees of Freedom of Noncoherent Diamond Networks, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Relays, Diamond, MIMO communication, Upper bound, Fading channels, Wireless networks. Abstract: We study the generalized degrees of freedom (gDoF) of the noncoherent diamond (parallel relay) wireless network with asymmetric distributions of link strengths. We use the noncoherent block-fading model introduced by Marzetta and Hochwald, where no channel state information is available at the transmitters or at the receivers and the channels remain constant for a coherence time of T symbol durations. We first derive an upper bound for the capacity of this channel and then derive the optimal structure for the solution of the upper bound optimization problem. Using the optimal structure, we solve the upper bound optimization problem in terms of its gDoF. Using insights from our upper bound signaling solution, we devise an achievability strategy based on a novel scheme that we call train-scale quantize-map-forward (TS-QMF). This scheme uses training in the links from the source to the relays, scaling and quantizing at the relays combined with nontraining-based schemes. We show the optimality of this scheme by comparing it to the upper bound in terms of the gDoF. In noncoherent point-to-point multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels, where the fading realization is unknown to the transmitter and the receiver, an important tradeoff between communication and channel learning was revealed by Zheng and Tse, by demonstrating that not all the available antennas might be used, as it is suboptimal to learn all their channel parameters. Our results in this paper for the diamond network demonstrate that in certain regimes of relative channel strengths, the gDoF-optimal scheme uses a subnetwork, demonstrating a similar tradeoff between channel learning and communication. In some regimes, it is gDoF-optimal to do relay selection, i.e., use a part of the network. In the other regimes, even when it is essential to use the entire network, it is suboptimal to learn the channel states for all the links in the network, i.e., traditional training-based schemes are suboptimal in these regimes. |
11,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantum Walk with Coherent Uncertainty in Electron-Laser Interaction, and key words: Quantum mechanics, Uncertainty, Free electron lasers, Transmission electron microscopy, Charge carrier processes, Energy states. Abstract: We show that pulsed laser-driven free electrons undergo quantum walk with coherent uncertainty in the electron energy levels, characterized by their spread. We study this quantum walk experimentally and develop its analytic theory. |
11,256 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast and adaptive method for image contrast enhancement, and key words: Histograms, Biomedical imaging, Adaptive equalizers, Filters, Statistics, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Electron microscopy, Smoothing methods, Pixel, Mammography. Abstract: In this paper we describe a fast approach for image contrast enhancement, based on localized contrast manipulation. Our approach is not only last and easy to implement, but also has several other promising properties (adaptive, multiscale, weighted localization, etc.). We will also discuss in this paper an anisotropic version of our approach. Several examples of medical images, including brain MR images, chest CT images and mammography images, will be provided to demonstrate the performance of our approach. |
11,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Diversity coloring for information storage in networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Tree graphs, Decoding, Costs, Fault tolerance, Parity check codes, Joining processes, Inspection. Abstract: We propose a new file placement scheme using MDS codes, and formulate it as the diversity coloring Problem. We then present an optimal diversity coloring algorithm for trees. |
11,258 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Identification of the Nonlinear Autoregressive Models With Exogenous Inputs (NARX) for Engineering Systems Design, and key words: Predictive models, System analysis and design, Auxetic materials, Presses, Indexes, Biological system modeling, Benchmark testing. Abstract: This brief presents a new framework for the identification of nonlinear autoregressive (AR) models with exogenous inputs (NARX) model for design (NARX-M-for-D), which represents NARX of engineering systems where the model coefficients are represented explicitly as a function of the physical parameters that can be adjusted for the system design. The framework is concerned with identifying a common structure of the NARX model which is shared by all design configurations, and with identifying the nonlinear static maps that link these design parameters with NARX coefficients. The problem of the common structure identification is solved via extended forward orthogonal regression, after which a joint regression problem is formulated to determine the explicit relationships between NARX coefficients and physical parameters for the system. Using sparse regression methods allows simultaneous detection of a compact structure of the NARX model and design parameter maps. The reduced structure improves model generalization in design parameter space which is instrumental for the application of the identified model in the system design. The performance of the framework is evaluated on a benchmark model and on the experimental data from dynamic testing of auxetic foams. An example of evaluating the output frequency response from the identified model demonstrates how the proposed framework can be used to assess dynamical properties of engineered systems in the design process. |
11,259 | Please write an abstract with title: An Active Disturbance Rejection Control-Based Voltage Control Strategy of Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Rectifiers, and key words: Voltage control, Current control, Rectifiers, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Robustness, PI control. Abstract: In the traditional control strategy for single-phase PWM converter applications, the proportional-integral (PI) controller has the role of voltage tracking in the outer loop voltage controller, which has limited capability to provide acceptable dynamic performance and disturbance rejection. With regard to this, this article proposes a voltage control strategy based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for single-phase cascaded H-bridge rectifiers, aiming at achieving satisfactory dynamic performance and strong robustness to the disturbances. First, the extended state observer is used for the state and disturbance estimations. Then, the nonlinear state error feedback deals with the system error and makes the dynamic compensation to the disturbances. More specifically, an improved continuous nonlinear function is adopted to mitigate the jitter behavior of the traditional ADRC and provide immunity to large disturbance errors. Furthermore, the performance and stability analysis of the proposed strategy are implemented. A parameter tuning guideline of the proposed strategy is detailed. The effectiveness of the proposed ADRC-based voltage control strategy is verified through extensive experimental tests and is compared to that of the conventional PI-based voltage control strategy. |
11,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Power Sensorless PMBLDC Motor Drive with PFC for Domestic Flour Mill, and key words: Motor drives, Total harmonic distortion, Brushless motors, Velocity control, Power quality, Sensorless control, Power factor correction. Abstract: A low power brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for domestic flour mill is manifested here. A soft starting based motion sensorless speed control algorithm for BLDC motor fed flour mill is implemented here as the large speed variation is the key challenge for a flour mill application. The implemented sensorless control is tolerant enough to control the current variation in position sensorless mode due to intermittent load variation of the flour mill. The sensorless control used here is insensitive to the switching noise and separate filtration for this not needed. Good rotor position estimation is achieved in wide speed range using the implemented sensorless control. A single DC link current sensor is used for the current control in sensorless starting and load variation. A boost converter based power factor correction is implemented her for maintaining the grid side power quality. The developed sensolress control algorithm is the motor model independent and no parameter estimation is required. The stability and reliability of this system is validated using both simulation and experimental test results. |
11,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Condition monitoring of transformer oil, and key words: Condition monitoring, Oil insulation, Aging, Dielectric loss measurement, Laboratories, Dielectric measurements, Electrostatic measurements, Electrical capacitance tomography, Minerals, Communication industry. Abstract: A study of the factors affecting the ageing of mineral transformer oil has been undertaken at CSIRO Telecommunications and Industrial Physics in collaboration with TransGrid and Pacific Power. Oils from various manufacturers have been thermally and electrically aged in the laboratory and their ageing parameters have been compared with field samples taken from working transformers of the NSW electricity system. The standard ageing parameters such as acidity, interfacial tension, dielectric loss and moisture content have been measured together with the electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) which is being investigated as an additional diagnostic parameter. Instrumentation for measurement of ECT and tan /spl delta/ of flowing oil, has been developed. Results for laboratory and field aged samples are presented. Some implications for online condition monitoring are discussed. |
11,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of china grassland dynamic based on RS and GIS, and key words: Geographic Information Systems, Remote sensing, Humans, Remote monitoring, Satellites, Image classification, Navigation, Degradation, Databases, Decoding. Abstract: We monitor dynamic of china grassland from 1995 to 2000 by using TM datum based RS and GIS technology. The datum are extracted from LANDSAT TM image. The task of image classification is mainly taken on by experts with the help of relief map, navigation photo etc, thus grassland coverage could be acquired. With the high and middle cover grassland area increasing, but the area of low cover grassland is much decreasing. The area of west china grassland is decreasing, such as Shanxi,Qinghai,Gansu province etc, especially inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. There exists huge gap between west china and east china in grassland change. The change degree of west china grassland is great than east china's. Human activities have great impact on grassland change. The main shifting is farmland and urban, which shows economy gap between west china and east china. Meanwhile, there is heavy degradation in grassland change, especially in west china. |
11,263 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Miniaturized GPS Antenna for Outdoor Sports Watch, and key words: Antenna measurements, Wireless communication, Three-dimensional displays, Masers, Substrates, Sports, Global Positioning System. Abstract: One of the small wireless embedded systems issues is to gather low energy, small power consumption, small mechanical dimensions (related to frequency) and communication efficiency. In this paper we describe a way to improve the properties of a watch based GPS antenna for outdoor sports. If the key would be the study of microwave and mechanical watch properties? We try to answer with a 3D small LDS (Laser Direct Structuring) [1] antenna. |
11,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of an Initial Database using Nelder-Mead Method in designing Database-Driven PID Controller, and key words: Databases, Conferences, Computational modeling, Process control, Linear programming, Trajectory, PD control. Abstract: This paper addresses an optimization issue that the Nelder-Mead (NM) method is implemented to optimize initial database which is used to design Database-Driven (DD) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. As it is well recognized that PID controller, which is considerable applied in industrial processes, is adopted and the parameters tuning are based on DD approach without requirement of model information. The existing DD approach needs to collect a batch of closed-loop operation data, which is used to generate initial database. It is still an open problem that the way of processing data involved in initial database. The proposed scheme considers the NM method, as a free derivative method, to optimize initial database. However, in the evaluation stage, the NM method requires the model information to calculate the output aiming at comparing objective function, therefore, a better vertex can be computed. The fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) is introduced in the proposed scheme to generate fictitious output based on the fictitious reference which is obtained based on input and output data stored in initial database. As a result, the optimized initial database is accomplished, based on which the PID controller then can be designed in Just-in-Time manner. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed scheme is illustrated with a numerical example. |
11,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Partial Sum Architecture and Memory Reduction Method for SC-Flip Polar Decoder, and key words: Memory management, Memory architecture, Computer architecture, Hardware, Generators, Fractals, Decoding. Abstract: To improve the error correction performance of successive cancellation (SC) decoding of polar codes, SC-flip (SCF) decoding was proposed. However, it requires large additional memory to save the decoding history for hardware implementation. This paper proposes a partial sum (PS) memory reduction method and a PS architecture for SCF decoders. We analyze the fractal structure of the generator matrix and propose a logic circuit to decide the corresponding row of the generator matrix for an arbitrary bit-index. The proposed design was implemented on the Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA, which can reduce the number of flip-flops by up to 47% and the PS history memory size by 94% compared to other PS architectures. |
11,266 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal least-squares solution to the hand-eye calibration problem, and key words: Minimization, Calibration, Quaternions, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Cost function, Mathematical model, Noise measurement. Abstract: We propose a least-squares formulation to the noisy hand-eye calibration problem using dual-quaternions, and introduce efficient algorithms to find the exact optimal solution, based on analytic properties of the problem, avoiding non-linear optimization. We further present simple analytic approximate solutions which provide remarkably good estimations compared to the exact solution. In addition, we show how to generalize our solution to account for a given extrinsic prior in the cost function. To the best of our knowledge our algorithm is the most efficient approach to optimally solve the hand-eye calibration problem. |
11,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Satellite-based columnar water vapor retrieval with the multi-spectral thermal imager (MTI), and key words: Image retrieval, Absorption, Atmospheric measurements, Instruments, Aerosols, Remote sensing, Reflectivity, Satellites, Atmosphere, MODIS. Abstract: The Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) has three near-infrared bands (E, F, and G) within the 850-1050-nm spectral range that are used for the columnar water vapor (CWV) retrieval using the continuum interpolated band ratio (CIBR) and the atmospheric precorrected differential absorption (APDA) methods. The retrieved CWV amounts are compared with the aerosol robotic network (AERONET) measurements at the Oklahoma Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the Stennis Space Center sites. We find no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tested methods. However, there is a considerable difference in the root mean square error (RMSE) for the CWV retrieval over the Oklahoma ARM and the Stennis Space Center sites. The overall RMSE of the MTI CWV retrieval is found to be 13% to 14%. The error is reduced to 11% to 12% for CWV amounts larger then 1 g/cm/sup 2/. |
11,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Infinite networks: I--Resistive networks, and key words: Resistors, Network topology, Circuit topology, Hilbert space, Voltage, Mathematics. Abstract: There are several examples of infinite networks of resistors; it is always assumed that a unique current exists as a consequence of Kirchhoff's laws. Actually, unlike the situation in finite networks, these laws are insufficient to determine a unique current. A plausible set of network laws are formulated and two main theorems are proved. 1) In an infinite network consisting of nonnegative resistors (with no short circuits) and a finite number of sources, there exists a unique current flow. 2) This current flow is the limit of the unique current flows in finite, subnetworks that approximate the whole network. Methods of algebraic topology and Hilbert space theory are used in the formulations and proofs. |
11,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and optimization of embedded power chip modules for double-sided cooling, and key words: Design optimization, Electronic packaging thermal management, Thermal resistance, Electronics cooling, Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Power electronics, Power measurement, Semiconductor device packaging, Thermal conductivity. Abstract: This work presents a simple experimental method to obtain accurate characterization of double-sided cooling in single embedded power chip modules (EPCM), based on a simple experimental method using temperature cooling-down curve measurement. A one-dimensional thermal network is employed to describe the thermal characterizations of all layers and inter-layers of the single power packaging chip modules. 3-D simulation by means of Ideas software is used to evaluate the accuracy of the one-dimensional thermal network. The experimental based one-dimensional thermal network is shown to provide a powerful tool for the design and optimization of the embedded power chip packaging for double-sided cooling. |
11,270 | Please write an abstract with title: Creating autonomous networks with intent-based closed loops, and key words: Automation, Complex networks, Predictive models, Topology, Telecommunications. Abstract: Intent-based operation is a new paradigm for telecommunication systems that is essential to the creation of autonomous networks. |
11,271 | Please write an abstract with title: A Wireless Communication Protocol Enabled School Bus Tracking System using Internet of Things Support, and key words: Wireless communication, Cloud computing, Smart cards, Navigation, Maintenance engineering, Radar tracking, Internet of Things. Abstract: There are a number of practical transportation concerns that school children confront nowadays, such as transit problems and mismatches in location. There is a lack of communication between parents and schools on the well-being of their children at school, even if they are also unaware of their children's situation. These challenges need the introduction of a Smartcard oriented Bus Navigation Maintenance Scheme (BNMS) together with Internet of Things (IoT) support. From any location in the globe, parents can keep an eye on their children thanks to this IoT programmed. With the use of a Navigation sensor, the bus's exact location is recorded and entered into the system, along with the student's name. IoT -enabled smart cards must be scanned at the bus stop before and after a student gets on or exits the vehicle, ensuring that the student's entrance and departure patterns are recorded in a cloud-based database. To prevent kidnapping and to improve school bus transportation, this approach has been developed. “The system is completely automated and user-friendly. The embedded Arduino kit as well as Ethernet shield is used to interact with the sensors on board the car. Application servers are built using C# and Sql Server on a cloud-based platform. When an IoT -based monitoring system incorporates radar on the car, it can help drivers prevent accidents by providing parking assistance as well as blind spot identification. This IoT -enabled car has the potential to improve the lives of both drivers and passengers. |
11,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical methods in some diffraction problems for domains with defects, and key words: Diffraction, Boundary conditions, Boundary value problems, Elastodynamics, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Fourier transforms, Stress, Laplace equations, Mathematics, Integral equations. Abstract: Mathematical methods in diffraction problems for elastic time-harmonic waves on defects are considered. It is assumed that body forces are absent and the defect may be disposed on the plane in the homogeneous isotropic space or on the media interface of two homogeneous isotropic half-spaces. Systems of singular integral equations are obtained for the problems. Some approaches to elastodynamic problems in the case of an anisotropic elastic medium are considered too. Analogues of the Lopatinskii condition and boundary conditions of an elliptic boundary value problem in the halfspace are obtained. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent. To solve these problems classes of outgoing from plane solutions are introduced. The Fourier transformation in the class of generalized functions of slow growth at infinity and presentations of solutions of the problems by potential functions are used. |
11,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Importance of as mole fraction on Auger recombination value in strained MQW GaInAsSb lasers, and key words: Quantum well devices, Radiative recombination, Spontaneous emission, Semiconductor lasers, Temperature dependence, Photonic band gap, Threshold current, Charge carrier processes, Pump lasers, Solid lasers. Abstract: The theoretical analysis that was made shows the way of suppressing of Auger recombination and improving current characteristics of mid-IR long wavelength sources of laser radiation based on InGaAsSb/GaSb. |
11,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motor to enhance the traction of an Electric Vehicle, and key words: Permanent magnet machines, Torque, Rotors, Switches, Stators, Electric vehicles, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: There is a rising outcry of environmental pollution and the resulting effect of global warming caused by the use of fossil energies, there is a need for the introduction of highly efficient electric machines for propulsion and traction of the moving part with the increasing global acceptance of electric vehicles and advance machineries. This paper proposed a way to optimize the stator flux switching permanent magnet motor (FSPM) by the introduction of two dual slot additional rotors that are staged 180 degrees apart. The structure, electromagnetic properties and the phase direction of rotation of the proposed permanent magnet machine were investigated at different phase angle. Background study on the mode structure of establishing the proposed topology of one stator and two rotors instead of the conventional one rotor for the motor operation was done. With attention paid to the losses on the stator and rotor, finite element method was used to establish the structure of the proposed permanent magnet machine. The load simulation of the electromagnetic properties was investigated using FEMM 4.2 and Ansys Maxwell to show the advantages of the proposed machine topology to allowing higher electric loading to increase power density in electric vehicles. |
11,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating Automated Biomedical Lexicon Creation for Valley Fever Diagnosis, and key words: Text recognition, Search methods, Biological system modeling, Training data, Manuals, Machine learning, Task analysis. Abstract: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in biomedical NLP which identifies and categorizes entities in biomedical text. We currently focus on a rule-based approach for NER to identify the diagnostic criteria of valley fever in the free text of electronic health records (EHRs), since no training data exist for machine learning. To aid the manual pattern defining process of the rule-based approach, we propose a graph-based lexicon expansion method. We used different word embedding models to create a lexicon graph and expanded the lexicons by conducting different graph search methods. |
11,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Adaptive Network Resource Slicing for Multi-Tenant Networks, and key words: Adaptive systems, Network slicing, Simulation, Conferences, Signal processing, Minimization, Acoustics. Abstract: Network slicing to support multi-tenancy plays a key role in improving the performance of 5G networks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for network slicing with the goal of maximizing the expected utilities of tenants in the backhaul and Radio Access Network (RAN), where we reconfigure slices according to the time-varying user traffic and channel states. Upon the arrival of new statistics from users and channels and considering the expected utility from serving users of a slice and the reconfiguration cost, we formulate a sparse optimization problem to reconfigure resources for network slices with the maximum isolation of reserved resources. The formulated optimization is non-convex and difficult to solve. We use the group LASSO regularization and successive upper-bound minimization techniques to solve this problem by iteratively solving a sequence of convex approximations of the original problem. Simulation results verify that our approach outperforms the existing state of the art method. |
11,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Degradation Free Spectral Broadening in a Multimode Fiber with ∼0.5 µJ Pulses, and key words: Degradation, Lasers and electrooptics, Laser modes, Electrooptical waveguides, Fiber lasers. Abstract: We present a nonlinear pulse compression approach using the fundamental mode of a multimode fiber. We achieve > 5× compression factor, producing sub-40 fs pulses at 470 nJ (9.5 MHz), and >1000 hours of run time. |
11,278 | Please write an abstract with title: A Generalized Procedure to Develop DC Switchyard for MTDC Grids, and key words: Switches, Layout, HVDC transmission, Switching circuits, Security, Circuit faults, Power grids. Abstract: With the advent of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology, Multi-Terminal DC (MTDC) grids are gaining popularity and becoming reality. Half-bridge based Modular Multilevel Converter (H-MMC) along with Hybrid HVDC Breaker (HHB) turns out to be a good combination for MTDC grids, which ensures minimum disturbance to the operation of ac-dc power system during dc faults, enhancing reliability and grid security. In MTDC grid, a dc switchyard is essential at each converter station, which acts as a transition point for various incoming and outgoing feeders. HHB can be designed as an internal equipment of such dc switchyard. The design of such dc switchyard is very important from the operational and cost perspective in achieving the required power system reliability and security. This paper utilizes the modular feature of Hybrid HVDC breaker (HHB) to design a N-feeder dc switchyard with reduced component count. A generalized procedure to develop an electrical layout of N-feeder dc switchyard and its operation are proposed. Operation of a dc switchyard under failure of HHB components is also demonstrated. |
11,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Complex Mixtures for Raman Spectroscopy Using a Novel Scheme Based on a New Multi-Label Deep Neural Network, and key words: Raman scattering, Continuous wavelet transforms, Noise measurement, Transforms, Time-frequency analysis, Fluorescence, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: With a noisy environment caused by fluorescence and additive white noise as well as complicated spectra fingerprints, the identification of complex mixture materials remains a significant challenge in Raman spectroscopy application. This paper proposes a new scheme based on a constant wavelet transform (CWT) and a deep network for classifying complex mixture. The scheme first transforms the noisy Raman spectra to a two-dimensional scale map using CWT. Then, the multi-label deep neural network model (MLDNN) is simulated for material classification. The proposed model accelerates the feature extraction and expands the feature graph using the global averaging pooling layer. The Sigmoid function is implemented in the last layer of the model. The MLDNN model was trained, validated, and tested with data collected from the samples prepared from palm oil substances. During the training and validating process, data augmentation is applied to overcome the imbalance of data and enrich Raman spectra's diversity. From the test results, MLDNN successfully surpassed VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, DenseNet121, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNet50 in average precision, F1 macro averaging and F1 micro averaging, which were 0.9900, 0.9874 and 0.9874, respectively. In Hamming loss, one error, coverage, ranking loss, the MLDNN model reached 0.014, 0.020, 1.738 and 0.000, respectively. The values of other models in Hamming loss, one error, coverage, ranking loss are higher than those of MLDNN. In the comparison of AUC value, MLDNN outperforms other models on each label. The average detection time of the MLDNN is 5.3123 s, which is much faster than those of VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, DenseNet121, InceptionResNetV2 and MobileNetV2, which are 7.1245, 7.5046, 8.6300, 12.3294, 16.1131 and 6.6451, respectively. |
11,280 | Please write an abstract with title: Autoregressive Predictive Coding: A Comprehensive Study, and key words: Automatic speech recognition, Predictive coding, Representation learning, Self-supervised learning, Autoregressive processes. Abstract: We review autoregressive predictive coding (APC), an approach to learn speech representation by predicting a future frame given the past frames. We present three different views of interpreting APC, and provide a historical account to the approach. To study the speech representation learned by APC, we use common speech tasks, such as automatic speech recognition and speaker verification, to demonstrate the utility of the learned representation. In addition, we design a suite of fine-grained tasks, including frame classification, segment classification, fundamental frequency tracking, and duration prediction, to probe the phonetic and prosodic content of the representation. The three views of the APC objective welcome various generalizations and algorithms to learn speech representations. Probing on the suite of fine-grained tasks suggests that APC makes a wide range of high-level speech information accessible in its learned representation. |
11,281 | Please write an abstract with title: Differential Difference Amplifiers in the Second Order Low-Sensitive All-Pass Active RC-Filters, and key words: active filters, band-pass filters, low-pass filters, high-pass filters, reject filters, differential difference amplifiers, pole Q-factor, transfer ratio, pole frequency, parametric synthesis, communication systems, automatic control. Abstract: We have developed the second order all-pass active RC-filter`s (ARCF) architecture based on two differential difference amplifiers. The suggested low-sensitive ARCF provides an amplitude-frequency responses' (AFR) complete set (low pass filter LPF, high pass filter HPF, band pass filter BPF, rejection filter RF) for signal frequency selection's typical tasks in instrument engineering, communication, automatics. The said ARCF is differentiated by the following: its transfer ratio and pole frequency are not changed, when the pole Q-factor is adjusted. Here a concrete type filter's implementation is provided by using ARCF's different inputs and different outputs. We have given analytical expressions, which allow ARCF's parametric synthesis. We have discussed the computer simulation results for amplitude-frequency responses of LPF, HPF, BPF and RF. We recommend applying ARCF in specialized structured arrays, which are advanced in frequency selection devices' small volume production conditions and special operation condition requirements (neutron flux, low temperatures etc.). |
11,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Feature Matching of the Moon Surface Based on Multi-task Learning, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Deep learning, Computer science, Moon, Transfer learning, Lighting, Feature extraction. Abstract: Accurate and effective lunar surface feature matching is a key technology in lunar exploration projects and precise positioning of lunar surface targets. The traditional feature matching algorithm extracts and matches the feature points of the lunar surface image, because of its complicated calculation, single application, large descriptor dimension, long matching time, poor robustness to local similar regions, etc. There are certain limitations in the application scenarios in real life. Based on deep learning, this paper proposes an image feature matching based on multi-task learning. The method is based on the improved HF-Net network, adopting the lightweight MobileNetv3 network, and combining the transfer learning knowledge distillation method to achieve end-to-end line Feature point matching. Experiments show that this method can effectively reduce the complexity of calculation, improve the accuracy of feature matching, and has good robustness under different lighting conditions. |
11,283 | Please write an abstract with title: Grounding the neutral of electrical systems through low resistance grounding resistors: an application case, and key words: Grounding, Electric resistance, Resistors, Computer aided software engineering, Circuit faults, Fault currents, Impedance, Short circuit currents, Power system protection, Power system relaying. Abstract: It seems common knowledge that three-phase short circuit currents are the worst possible scenario for electrical systems. In reality, single-phase ground fault currents may be significantly more intense than three-phase fault currents. With the occurrence of high single-phase fault currents, severe damage could be caused to the iron cores of electric machines included in the zero sequence fault loop. The method of neutral low resistance grounding is discussed by applying a step-by-step calculation procedure to an actual case, in order to properly size the grounding resistor thereby limiting the fault current. |
11,284 | Please write an abstract with title: An Underwater Radio-Frequency IoT System for the Identification of Fish, and key words: Radio frequency, Cloud computing, Prototypes, Receivers, Fish, Sensors, Safety. Abstract: Being able to identify fish in aquaculture is essential to optimize their feeding and thereby reduce the cost of production. The use of radio frequency has proven to be a powerful and effective technology for the identification of fish in aquaculture cages. A passive tag inserted into the fish sent information wirelessly from the tag to a receiver at some distance away. The integration of RFID with Internet of Thing (IoT) is a powerful tool not only for the identification of fish but also for fish control to ensure food safety. In this work, we proposed an affordable IoT architecture to increase the access to the data from any device. A prototype was developed and tested in real conditions. Critical challenges have also been identified and addressed. |
11,285 | Please write an abstract with title: High voltage power supply for rotary die laser cutting system, and key words: Voltage, Power supplies, Laser beam cutting, Power lasers, Optical materials, Inorganic materials, Application software, Programmable control, Plastic films, Laser applications. Abstract: A rotary die laser cutting system (RDLCS) processes several types of material; materials include all kind of plastics, thin films, papers, plywood, cardboard and thin metals. Applications include engraving, marking names, logos, designs, and patterns. Our RDLCS contains eighteen CO/sub 2/ laser tubes, the number of tubes used in each application can vary depending on the type of material and the application. Each laser tube is fed by a 350 W power supply, the ON/OFF state of the power supply and laser tube are controlled by a computer and a programmable logic controller (PLC). This paper describes the design and implementation of the power supply for each of the CO/sub 2/ laser tubes used in the RDLCS. The power supply must be able to supply to the CO/sub 2/ laser tube a voltage of 8 kV and a current of 30 mA. The power supply was designed for ensuring the compliance with the EN 61000-3-2, and contains a single phase passive power-factor-corrected rectifier, a half-bridge inverter and a high-voltage multiplier. |
11,286 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the board level reliability of CQFP package with 0.40mm pitch, and key words: Soldering, Lead, Stress, Reliability, Ceramics, Analytical models, Vibrations. Abstract: In this paper, the thermal fatigue life of welding spot of 0.40mm pitch CQFP ceramic package is studied by finite element method. The simulation analysis of board level mechanical impact and random vibration test is carried out. This thesis is focused on the influence of lead support height, width and thickness on the reliability of solder joints and the stress and strain distribution of solder joints under different test conditions, which provides a theoretical basis for the board-level reliability design of 0.40mm pitch CQFP ceramic package. At the same time, we use the special test board to make the board-level installation and the simulation results of relevant mechanical and temperature tests were verified. After the board-level installation, the product met the reliability test requirements, and the use guide was formed to provide guidance for the subsequent new product design. Through the research, the simulation analysis and verification technology of board-level reliability of 0.40mm pitch CQFP ceramic package were mastered. The results show that increase the support height and decrease the lead width can effectively reduce the stress value and improve the solder joint reliability. |
11,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Design techniques for improved microwave performance of small outline packages, and key words: Microwave theory and techniques, Frequency, Plastic packaging, Pins, Bonding, Resonance, Wire, Inductance, Coupling circuits, Plastic integrated circuit packaging. Abstract: General techniques to improve the microwave performance of plastic leaded packages have been developed. These techniques result in an Improvement of the bandwidth and reduction of losses in the structure. The techniques were applied to an SSOP8 configuration, and the useful frequency range was extended from 6 GHz to well above 10 GHz. |
11,288 | Please write an abstract with title: The power control and performance simulation for an electric transmission system of tracked vehicle, and key words: Power control, Vehicles, Electric variables control, Brushless DC motors, Process control, Control systems, Mechanical power transmission, Feedback, Testing, DC motors. Abstract: How to control the process of continuously variable transmission is an important issue in the electric transmission system of a tracked vehicle. It is presented in this paper that the constant power of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is controlled by the feedback (observation) of power, and that it is proved feasible on testing. Based on the above, the range of motor speed is expanded by winding change namely the configuration change, and rotational speed ranges corresponding to winding forms are settled by our study. Finally, some of the total performance simulation results are showed and analyzed, which lay a foundation for the future. |
11,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Experiment of Radar Signal Support Vector Clustering Sorting Based on Feature Extraction and Feature Selection, and key words: Feature extraction, Sorting, Rough sets, Radar, Support vector machines, Fuzzy sets. Abstract: The result of radar signal sorting directly affects the performance of electronic reconnaissance equipment. Sorting method based on intra-pulse features has become a research focus in recent years. However, as the number of extracted features increases, the dimension of the feature vector becomes higher and higher. And too many dimensional feature vectors would make the complexity of the sorting algorithm increase geometrically. In this way, feature selection becomes more and more necessary. Combining the latest research on fuzzy rough sets, this paper proposes two feature selection methods, namely two-steps attribute reduction based on fuzzy dependency (TARFD) algorithm and fuzzy rough artificial bee colony (FRABC) algorithm. The TARFD method uses the candidate attribute set as starting point, according to the definition of the redundant attribute set. Then the less important attributes are successively eliminated. The FRABC method starts from the dependence degree of fuzzy rough set, and constructs a fitness function that reflects the importance of the attribute subset and the reduction rate. Based on this function, the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to reduce the attributes of the dataset. Using the TARFD and FRABC algorithms, the extracted feature sets, including entropy feature set, Zernike moment feature set, pseudo Zernike feature set, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature set, and Hu-invariant moment feature set are processed, then an optimal feature subset was obtained and a sorting test was performed. The results show the effectiveness of the extracted intra-pulse features and the efficiency of the feature selection algorithm. |
11,290 | Please write an abstract with title: A BBN approach to certifying the reliability of COTS software systems, and key words: Software systems, Uncertainty, Certification, Best practices, Assembly systems, Software safety, Software testing, System testing, Bayesian methods, Programming. Abstract: Best practices indicate that totally independent certification is the only safe approach to take when certifying a system assembled from COTS software components. We explore one method of certifying the reliability of COTS software systems in this paper. Certifying the reliability of a COTS software system can be problematic, given that we may have incomplete knowledge of a component and its ability to interact in a reliable manner with other components; many times, all we have to evaluate is the behavior of the components as described by their vendor(s) and evidence gathered during testing. We offer a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) that will help us resolve what we believe to be one of the major areas of uncertainty in certifying the reliability of a COTS software system and develop a reasoned level of belief in the reliability of the system in this work. Uncertainty is inherent and inevitable in software development processes and products. Active research is being performed in COTS software risk management, and several achievements have been published. However, uncertainties in COTS software remain largely unexplored, and this problem has caught researchers' attention since no one can use a system without the certain certified reliability. Our overall goal is to develop a systematic framework to interpret the sources of uncertainties inherent in COTS software using BBNs. A set of BBNs is designed to represent different types of uncertainty in the COTS software certification process. We use the object oriented BBN methodology to frame all the BBNs related to the set of uncertainties. The BBN will provide a quantitative measure of the system's reliability. |
11,291 | Please write an abstract with title: Infrared spectral imaging of human cells and tissue: an approach to objective, machine-based histopathology, and key words: Infrared imaging, Infrared spectra, Optical imaging, Humans, Diseases, Information analysis, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Spectroscopy, Biopsy, Optical computing. Abstract: Human cells from different tissue types, and at different stages of disease, present slight differences in their infrared (IR) absorption spectra. Thus, IR spectroscopy offers the possibility of analyzing individual cells, or biopsy sections of tissues, for the presence of disease, based on totally objective measurements and computer-based analysis of the spectral information. |
11,292 | Please write an abstract with title: RRT-based Path Planning for Car-Like Vehicles with Nonholonomic Constraints, and key words: Automation, Path planning, Internet, Mobile robots. Abstract: In this paper, for car-like mobile robots, a novel path planning algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) with fixed nodes (RRT*FN). An improvement on the RRT*FN is proposed to abide by the non-holonomic motion constraints and RRT*FN non-holonomic (RRT*FN-NH) is introduced. The new path planning algorithm handles the non-holonomic constraints as well as the constraints on the velocity and acceleration of the vehicle. The performance of the proposed algorithm RRT*FN-NH is tested on two maps obtained from Google maps at three different speed profiles. |
11,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of a clustering algorithm to enhance the nearshore wave prediction system, and key words: K-means algorithm, maritime accidents, SWAN, wave climate. Abstract: The continued growth of marine traffic is causing increased accidents close to ports. They may result from a variety of reasons, such as the weather. Accurate estimates of the wave climate can lower the risk of maritime accidents. The analysis of the weather forecast in port locations often uses numerical models. These models are not ideal for wave forecasting or nowcasting since they have a high computational cost. This constraint can be solved via artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, the ANNs that were already developed tended to focus on specific areas of the study region, such as piers and port entrances. More information on the wave climate over a vast area might help early warning systems. The main goal of this work is to investigate the clustering approaches that identify homogenous areas to develop a novel method for employing ANNs to evaluate nearshore wave characteristics in real-world scenarios. As a case study, this research focuses on the port of Augusta (SR), one of the most important Italian ports. |
11,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Compensation of nonlinear distortions with memory effects in OFDM transmitters, and key words: Nonlinear distortion, Transmitters, Nonlinear filters, Peak to average power ratio, Parameter estimation, OFDM modulation, Gaussian processes, High power amplifiers, Frequency domain analysis, Frequency estimation. Abstract: The OFDM modulation scheme is characterized by the Gaussian-like signal behavior with a relatively high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). As a result, it is very sensitive to nonlinear distortions, which arise mainly from the high power amplifier (HPA). This paper proposes an algebraic solution to compensate at the transmitter for nonlinearity of the HPA with memory effects, where the HPA behavioral model is represented by the Hammerstein structure, a cascade of a memoryless nonlinear block followed by a linear filter. In particular, a frequency domain parameter identification methodology is developed that first estimates the parameters of the unknown nonlinearity, which is modelled through a polynomial expansion. The frequency response of the unknown filter is then calculated, in order to capture the memory effects in the system. Using the identified nonlinear system parameters, an inverse Wiener structure, consisting of a cascade of the inverse filter and the inverse memoryless nonlinearity, is constructed preceding the HPA, in order to predistort the input signals so as to achieve overall linear transmitter characteristics. |
11,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Pattern Recognition of Effective Online Classified Advertisement, and key words: Ads Effectiveness, Automotive Classified Ads, Feature Extraction, Decision Tree, Classification, Clustering. Abstract: Classified advertising is one of the most popular online advertising especially for second-hand goods. One of the main functions of online classifieds is to help sellers sell their items quickly and easily. Optimized advertising is then essential to maintain user engagement in the platform. In this research, the factors and characteristics of online classified ads including structured data and free text that may affect the effectiveness of the advertising in terms of the ability to close the sales are investigated. Initially, we collected 148K classified ads data in an automotive category that have the published date between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2018, provided by Kaidee, the top Thai online marketplace. The data is then preprocessed by data cleaning and features extraction techniques to find the important features for using in the analysis. We divide the focusing features into 4 main groups: ad components, car attributes, price, and text features. We apply k-means clustering integrated with decision tree classification in modeling to classify the ability to close the sales on Kaidee platform within 30 days. The predictive efficiency of the models will be measured and compared using accuracy, precision, recall, and F-scores by using the 3-fold Cross Validation method. Finally, we analyze the important features that are related to closing the sales of each feature group. |
11,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Systolic Array based Multiply Accumulation Unit for IoT Edge Accelerators, and key words: Deep learning, Text categorization, Neural networks, Systolic arrays, Hardware, Delays, Adders. Abstract: Accelerator is a hardware that runs along with the processor and executes the key functions much faster than the processor. The Main purpose of the Accelerator is to increase speed. Deep Neural Networks has achieved wide results in the various Machine Learning Applications Such as image, video, text classification and language translation. The purpose of DNN Accelerators is to speed up the most complex Computation i.e., matrix multiplication. Systolic array Based Accelerator seems like multiply Accumulate unit with Systolic Array based multiplication followed by Adder and accumulator. Multiply Accumulate Unit comprises multiplier, adder and Accumulator. Multiplier is designed used systolic array and that output is given as one of the inputs to the adder followed by Accumulator. In this paper general Matrix based Multiply Accumulate Unit is compared with systolic array based Multiply Accumulate Unit using Xilinx ISE 14.5, various parameters like area, delay and speed are compared. Systolic Array based Multiply Accumulate Unit consumes less area of 49%, less delay of 35% and in turn provides high speed when compared with general matrix multiplier-based multiplier Accumulate unit. |
11,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of LED Intelligent Insect Monitoring Device Based on STM32, and key words: Insects, Light emitting diodes, Optical fiber communication, Monitoring, Light sources. Abstract: To improve efficiency of target insect trapping, we designed an intelligent insect monitoring system using STM32 micro controller and LED combination light source. |
11,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Multipath Outage with Applications to 90-Mbit/s PSK Systems at 6 and 11 GHz, and key words: Phase shift keying, Polarization, Fading, Quadrature phase shift keying, Filters, Repeaters, Digital communication, Statistics, Radio frequency, FCC. Abstract: An analytical study to predict multipath fading outages in terrestrial digital radio systems is described. The method, which is quite general, makes specific use of previously reported statistics on multipath fading. It is applied, in this study, to 6- and 11-GHz systems carrying 90 Mbits/s per RF channel. For purposes of comparing alternate approaches, three different modulations are considered, namely, (i) conventional QPSK at 45 Mbits/s, using two polarizations per channel; (ii) Offset-QPSK at 45 Mbits/s using two polarizations per channel; and (iii) 8-level PSK at 90 Mbits/s, using one polarization per channel. In all cases, a fourthorder Butterworth transmit filter is assumed which enforces FCC spectral emission requirements. The channel is treated as a two-path propagation medium, the receiver is assumed to be coherent, and various practical assumptions are invoked regarding the recovered carrier phase, timing phase, receive filter response, bit error rate objectives and fade margin. Results are given in terms of expected yearly fraction of multipath outage per repeater hop vs. hop length. We find that the choice of operating band has only a minor effect on the results; that OffsetQPSK systems suffer somewhat more multipath outage than conventional QPSK systems; that 8-level systems suffer more multipath outage than 4-level systems (although this difference may be offset by cross-polarization effects in the latter); and that all the approaches considered require repeater spacings of 15 mi or less in order to meet short-haul outage objectives over average terrain. |
11,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Ordered and partially ordered processing of multidimensional images, and key words: Multidimensional systems, Multidimensional signal processing, Application software, Filtering, Filters, Optimal control, Space exploration, Robot vision systems, Robot sensing systems, Orbital robotics. Abstract: Multidimensional images are often converted by scanning to a raster format. For real-time processing a causal property relative to the scan order is important. In other examples the multidimensional image is processed without scanning. In such cases a partially ordered causality property is of interest. The present paper gives a definitive study of the interrelationship between the several causality properties. We establish also a new operator factorization. This factorization can be seen as an extension and refinement of triangular factorization, Shur-Coleski factotization, Gohberg-Krein factorization, and partially ordered factorizations of DeSantis-Porter. An application of the new results to optimal signal extraction and control is summarized. |
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