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13,000 | Please write an abstract with title: From Network Package Flow to Images: How to Accurately Detect Anomalies in Computer Networks, and key words: Deep learning, Convolution, Government, Feature extraction, Computer networks, Convolutional neural networks, Data mining. Abstract: With the increasing adoption of data networks, attacks will cause more and more damage, including financial losses to organizations and governments. Artificial intelligence, combined with Deep Learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), helps organizations detect early attacks on their infrastructures. A CNN is a specialist system in extracting pieces of information about images. This work presents a method that converts data from network connections into images. We use a CNN with three convolutional layers, which will use the generated images as input and extract features based on their weights to perform attack detection. We reached promising results detecting attacks using the NSL-KDD dataset as the input to create the images. |
13,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity of different optimization solvers in LSTM algorithm for temperature forecast over Mars at Jezero Crater landing site, and key words: Mars, Atmospheric modeling, Training, Meteorology, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Databases. Abstract: Exact forecast of surface temperature over MARS is important and critical. Surface temperature is fundamental to the environmental parameter that has a direct impact on designing and operating the land rovers that explore the MARS planet. In this paper, We used well known long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm to build a data-driven model to predict the surface temperature over the planned landing site Jezero Crater for Mars 2020 Rover. The data-driven model is built using a dataset based on the Mars Climate Database (MCD) which derived from the Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations for MARS. The temporal availability of this data from martian year 24 to 33. we evaluated the effect of the three different optimization solvers on surface temperature prediction over the landing site Jezero Crater for two different numbers of epochs. The solver that provides the lowest RMSE is used to predict the surface temperature over the landing site from martian year 34 to martian year 36. |
13,002 | Please write an abstract with title: A SimSET-STIR hybrid Monte Carlo model for the Philips Vereos Digital PET, and key words: Image reconstruction, History, Phantoms, Spatial resolution, Detectors, Monte Carlo methods, Positron emission tomography. Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop an accurate simulation and reconstruction model for the Philips Vereos digital whole-body PET/CT scanner. The model was developed using the SimSET Monte Carlo (MC) simulation code, storing all detected photons in SimSET list-mode (LM) format (history files). LM processing, binning and image reconstruction were performed using STIR recently added LM capabilities. In order to accurately process the listmode files generated by SimSET, a new interface between SimSET and STIR was developed. The performance of our MC model was evaluated using the NEMA NU2-2012 standard. Spatial resolution was in good agreement with published results(±12%). Count-rate performance was accurate overall, with NEC rates accurate for both low (32.5% vs. 31.7% at ≈ 5 KBq/mL), and high counts (146.2 kcps vs 153.4 at ≈ 55 KBq/mL), and consistent prompts for all the activity concentrations. LM-MLEM reconstruction including scatter and attenuation correction was performed to validate the SimSET-STIR developed interface. |
13,003 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of Environmental Temperature on Passive Intermodulation in Electrical Connectors, and key words: Connectors, Nickel, Contacts, Temperature dependence, Current density. Abstract: Environmental temperatures may affect the high-frequency electrical performance of passive components, including passive intermodulation (PIM) characteristics. This work proposes a theoretical model of the third-order intermodulation distortion (IM3) signal as a function of the material properties and contact characteristics in a connector. A cross-sectional model of the inner conductor supported by finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations was used to investigate the effect of temperature on the current density distribution in different material regions and its impact on nonlinear performance. Based on electrical contact theory and temperature-dependent modeling, mathematical expressions were developed to calculate the impact of the various contact parameters, such as contact pressure, contact area, and contact resistance. Combining the effects of both material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, the IM3 product powers resulting from coaxial connectors associated with temperature change were predicted theoretically. A series of experiments were designed and conducted to measure the IM3 product powers of connectors for a variety of environmental temperatures. The model predictions show a good correlation with these experimental results. |
13,004 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel PDL/PDG compensator for transmission optical devices using Sagnac interferometer, and key words: Page description languages, Optical devices, Sagnac interferometers, Optical fiber polarization, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Optical polarization, Optical interferometry, Optical fiber devices, Optical fiber couplers, Couplings. Abstract: We describe a novel scheme for complete suppression of polarization-dependent loss/gain (PDL, PDG) for transmission-type optical devices (LPG, SOA) via a /spl lambda//2-shifted all-fiber Sagnac loop interferometer. The results are explained theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. |
13,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Baseline for Performance Prediction of Android Applications, and key words: Performance evaluation, Training, Machine learning algorithms, Big Data, Malware, Smart phones, Best practices. Abstract: Millions of applications are being developed around the world with a promise of increasing our productivity, teaching us new skills, improving our health and providing us with entertainment. In order to cater to the users needs, ever more intricate and advanced applications are being developed and with more sophisticated solutions, an increase in resource expenditure is likely to occur. Smartphones have limited resources in terms of both computational performance and battery capacity and most developers today tries to optimise their applications in order to provide the best user experience with as low a resource cost as possible. In this paper, large amounts of performance data has been gathered from different Android applications and games on different devices in order to establish a baseline which in turn can be used for training of machine learning algorithms for usage in automatic testing and real-time performance assessment solutions. |
13,006 | Please write an abstract with title: Response space construction for neural error correction, and key words: Error correction, Error correction codes, Neurons, Software prototyping, Timing, Chaotic communication, Equations, Biomembranes, Software systems, Transient analysis. Abstract: A physiological neuron model that incorporates the recognized prototype of an inhibitory synapse was analyzed in terms of the effects of isolated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials on its ongoing behavior. The nonstationary, transient activity resulting from these perturbations cannot be analyzed in terms of motion on some attractor (because of long-duration aftereffects) nor linearized (as the perturbations are large). Instead, results suggest that changes in the value of either of the system's slow state variables may be used to construct a global response space, within which all attractors and nonstationary behaviors exist. |
13,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Microscopic Model-Based RL Approaches for Traffic Signal Control Generalize Better than Model-Free RL Approaches, and key words: Training, Couplings, Adaptation models, Microscopy, Conferences, Reinforcement learning, Topology. Abstract: There have been many recent advances in the Traffic Signal Control literature that use reinforcement learning, most of which is undertaken using the model-free approach. Approaches in the model-free domain, attempt to learn the value or the policy function directly without attempting to learn the environment transition dynamics. Therefore, training the value function under a specified dynamics fails to differentiate the value updates from the underlying dynamics, making these methods require much larger agent-environment interaction data to generalize over different scenarios. In contrast, approaches that optimize agent actions w.r.t. a learned dynamics model inherently avoid this tight coupling of dynamics and value, allowing for much faster adaptation as traffic scenarios change. For this work on single intersection control, we specifically adopt this latter model-based approach of learning a microscopic simulator model and then apply tree-search techniques to optimize control actions. This approach quickly generalizes to a diverse set of traffic demands, whereas the model-free method performs suboptimally in conditions unseen during training. Another benefit of model-based approaches is the ability to control new intersections with previously unseen topologies, which makes the method transferable in terms of both demand and intersection structure variation. Finally, we observe that pairing these control strategies with the learned model also makes our approach debuggable and explainable, which is a critical requirement for real-world deployment. |
13,008 | Please write an abstract with title: From Theory to Practice: Towards an OSINT Framework to Mitigate Arabic Social Cyber Attacks, and key words: Social networking (online), Digital forensics, Media, Data science, Chatbots, Artificial intelligence, Man-machine systems. Abstract: Ongoing research indicates the types of issues that need to be considered by a social cybersecurity researcher or practitioner. This study investigates the existing research on social cyber security on Arabic social media. It suggests the need to consider socio-political issues when presenting computational social media studies. We investigate the scope of social cyberattacks in Arabic. We show the need for new open-source intelligence (OSINT) framework to identify disinformation, bots, trolls, cyborgs, and memes. Recent studies have found that such attacks are spreading in 25 different languages including Arabic; some of these have caused injury and even death. We provide a comprehensive requirement analysis for developing open-source intelligence systems to detect social cyberattacks in Arabic. We show that while there are many OSINT Systems (OSINTs) to mitigate such attacks in English, systems needed to mitigate such attacks in other languages such as Arabic are still limited. |
13,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Validity of Polygraphs, and key words: Electronic design automation and methodology, Skin, Psychology, Humans, Anthropometry, Electrical resistance measurement, Current measurement, Thyristors, Cardiology, Occupational stress. Abstract: Electrodermal Activity is extensively used for measuring human emotions. Validity and reliability have been questioned by some researchers. This paper reports on highly controlled experiments to determine the validity of electrodermal al activity for measuring human emotions. The authors were unable to determine the validity of electrodermal activity for measuring human emotions. Inter and intra subject variation was very high. |
13,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of optical parameters of sand dust clouds and ground reflectance from satellite data, and key words: Parameter estimation, Clouds, Reflectivity, Satellites, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Table lookup, Optical polarization, Aerosols, Asia. Abstract: The yellow sand dust transported from desert areas in the northern part of China is regarded as a main source of atmospheric aerosols in East Asia. A new method for estimating optical parameters of dust clouds and the surface reflectance simultaneously from POLDER data is described. The radiance and polarization at the top of the atmosphere were computed as a function of the optical thickness of dust clouds at 550 nm, t(550), refractive index of dust particles, Nr, exponent of Junge power-law, a, and the surface reflectance, A, and their values were saved in a look-up table, LUT. Optical parameters of dust clouds and the surface reflectance were determined such that the sum of relative absolute errors between the observed reflectance and polarization and those obtained from the LUT is minimum. Optical parameters of the dust cloud over a desert area and the surface reflectance were estimated at each of 443 nm and 670 nm channels. As a result, it is found that the values of parameters estimated at the 443 nm channel are almost the same as those at the 670 nm channel except for t(550). |
13,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Middleware Challenges and Platform for IoT-A Survey, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Protocols, Smart cities, Smart homes, Real-time systems, Internet of Things. Abstract: Internet of things is a network that provides ability to control devices and, manage and remotely monitor them. It basically is a platform which creates new serviceable information from enormous streams of real time data. The sensors like RFID, IR, GPS and laser scanners etc. are installed by IoT for everything that we use in our daily life and making connection of them with the internet using certain protocols for interchanging information and communication for obtaining various applications like intelligent recognition, tracking, location, management and monitoring. In internet to things the decisions are being made without any human interaction. With the technical support from IoT, smart agriculture, smart home, smart university and smart city projects have gain momentum. The intelligence of this network of everyday things created by IoT is governs by the software, called middleware. The middleware is one of the enabling technologies of integrating and collecting data from devices interconnected through internet and make decisions based on it by allowing them to communicate among themselves. Middleware is emerges as the software layer between application and communication layer; it creates abstraction such as hiding hardware details. In this paper, we surveyed the main challenges faced by the middleware that needs to be addressed and survey of IoT application protocols and the survey of most popular middleware for internet of things. |
13,012 | Please write an abstract with title: How software engineers use documentation: the state of the practice, and key words: Documentation, Maintenance engineering, Software engineering, Power engineering and energy, Software maintenance, Software systems, Software testing, System testing, Humans, Data engineering. Abstract: Software engineering is a human task, and as such we must study what software engineers do and think. Understanding the normative practice of software engineering is the first step toward developing realistic solutions to better facilitate the engineering process. We conducted three studies using several data-gathering approaches to elucidate the patterns by which software engineers (SEs) use and update documentation. Our objective is to more accurately comprehend and model documentation use, usefulness, and maintenance, thus enabling better decision making and tool design by developers and project managers. Our results confirm the widely held belief that SEs typically do not update documentation as timely or completely as software process personnel and managers advocate. However, the results also reveal that out-of-date software documentation remains useful in many circumstances. |
13,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Construction and Application of Accounting Information System Based on Blockchain Technology, and key words: Industries, Online banking, Supply chains, Blockchain, Data processing, Regulation, Currencies. Abstract: As a product of a new generation of technological innovation, Blockchain technology has been widely used in finance, supply chain, public services, and other fields due to its advantages of tamper-proof, timestamp, and irreversibility. With the continuous development of its technology and the accumulation of integration experience with various industries, the application of blockchain technology to the accounting industry in the transformation from man-machine cooperation mode to intelligent mode, and the realization of the integration of blockchain technology and accounting information system are urgent problems to be solved in the accounting field at home and abroad. Based on the characteristics of the integration of blockchain technology and accounting information system, the virtual currency payment, blockchain electronic invoice, hash value, and hash reference are introduced into accounting information processing flow. Based on the significance analysis of the integration of blockchain technology and accounting information system, it is proposed to construct from the aspects of virtual currency payment, a traceable data processing platform, decentralized storage platform, user credit evaluation, and others, and to carry out heuristic thinking from the aspects of setting up a research and development team of "blockchain + accounting information system," unifying laws and regulations of "blockchain + accounting information system" in various countries, and changing the concept of accounting practitioners. |
13,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimal manufacturing process by using a super fine inkjet system, and key words: Manufacturing processes, Ink, Chemical technology, Semiconductor device manufacture, Costs, Production facilities, Fabrication, Printing, Packaging, Investments. Abstract: Current micro-fabrication technologies, such as semiconductor manufacturing have many problems such as complex process flow, huge consumption of natural resources and large load on the environment. Furthermore, they also require huge amount of equipment investment. The ink-jet printing (UP) technology which allocates only the necessary amount of materials to the location where needed, is a one of the candidate to solve these problems and it will revolutionize current manufacturing processes. As has been reported, it has been successfully applied to printable electronics devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes and organic thin film transistors. Inkjet technology which can produce fine patterns with features measuring less than 1 micron is developed |
13,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Data association in clutter with an adaptive filter, and key words: Adaptive filters, State estimation, Kalman filters, Target tracking, Recursive estimation, Bandwidth, Gain measurement, Noise measurement, Procurement, Data engineering. Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive filter for tracking targets in clutter. The filter employs a scale factor, which accounts for the target unpredictability at any time as estimated front the available data. The adaptive approach, in which the gain is adapted according to changing target dynamics, is used in conjunction with a widely accepted data association routine called probabilistic data association (PDA) to form the adaptive probabilistic data association filter (APDAF). Performance comparison between the PDA and APDA filters is demonstrated through simulations. |
13,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Model Checking application on Function Block Diagram model, and key words: Conferences, Automata, Companies, Model checking, Mathematical models, Reliability, Standards. Abstract: Model Checking represents a mathematical method of formal verification which can prove that model satisfies its specified requirements. This article describes an approach that utilizes Function Block Diagram (FBD) models. The key benefit of this approach is the automatic transformation of the original model into a formal model which can be checked by Model Checking. In this way Model Checking can be easier integrated in the standard development process. The presented approach was developed together with the new verification process. This process can be used for the verification of safety-critical systems. |
13,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Malicious attack detection based on traffic-flow information fusion, and key words: Performance evaluation, Machine learning algorithms, Roads, Detectors, Observers, Feature extraction, Smart transportation. Abstract: While vehicle-to-everything communication technology enables information sharing and cooperative control for vehicles, it also poses a significant threat to the vehicles' driving security owing to cyber-attacks. In particular, Sybil malicious attacks hidden in the vehicle broadcast information flow are challenging to detect, thereby becoming an urgent issue requiring attention. Several researchers have considered this problem and proposed different detection schemes. However, the detection performance of existing schemes based on plausibility checks and neighboring observers is affected by the traffic and attacker densities. In this study, we propose a malicious attack detection scheme based on traffic-flow information fusion, which enables the detection of Sybil attacks without neighboring observer nodes. Our solution is based on the basic safety message, which is broadcast by vehicles periodically. It first constructs the basic features of traffic flow to reflect the traffic state, subsequently fuses it with the road detector information to add the road fusion features, and then classifies them using machine learning algorithms to identify malicious attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme achieves the detection of Sybil attacks with an accuracy greater than 90 % at different traffic and attacker densities. Our solutions provide security for achieving a usable vehicle communication network. |
13,018 | Please write an abstract with title: The Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (Forum) Mission. ESA's 9<sup>th</sup> Earth Explorer, and key words: Payloads, Earth, Space vehicles, Optical interferometry, Satellite broadcasting, Radiometry, Aerospace electronics. Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission, selected in September 2019 as the ninth Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency. The main mission elements are presented, including a description of the payload and platform concepts as defined during the Phase-A preparatory activities, conducted from April 2018 to July 2019. |
13,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel light and small pan-tilt for MUAV-based remote sensing applications, and key words: Control systems, Optimization, Azimuth, Conferences, Compounds, Instruments, Remote sensing. Abstract: A design scheme of a light and small pan-tilt is presented in this paper which is used to reject the various disturbance to make the imaging sensor hold steady in inertial space. To compensate the influences of outside disturbances on three attitudes of pan-tilt, the main structure of pan-tilt is designed as three-gimbal type. The structural optimization is performed to realize both of properties on light weight and fast response of the pan-tilt. The control system design for the pan-tilt adopts a three-loop compound control scheme, which is used to realize the improvement of the stabilization precision and robustness. Experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the designed pan-tilt system. The results indicate that the system has good stabilization and tracking precision. |
13,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated DTMF Receiver, and key words: Frequency, Telephony, Speech, Decoding, Central office, Signal detection, Noise level, Active filters, Detection algorithms, Cost function. Abstract: A single integrated-circuit receiver for telephone systems is described. A new detection algorithm allows for the proper detection of tones with exceptional insensitivity to speech. |
13,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the effectiveness of a boiler plant’s predictive maintenance system, and key words: Failure analysis, Production, Inspection, Boilers, Systems engineering and theory, Electron tubes, Power generation. Abstract: A boiler plays a vital role in the process of generating electricity, hence power plants need to invest in effective maintenance strategies that ensure the boiler equipment and components are well maintained and function with minimal failures. As the technology evolves, the design of boiler equipment has also become more complex which has resulted in power plants favoring the predictive and preventive maintenance strategies; however, the power plant needs to ensure that the systems supporting the predictive maintenance strategies are properly implemented. The main function of the boiler predictive maintenance system is to predict the health status of the boiler, through tube wear rate monitoring to prevent unforeseen failure leading to a boiler emergency shutdown. At power plant X, the major cause of the boiler shutdown is boiler tube failure incidents. Such incidents still occur despite the implementation of the predictive maintenance system, thus the need for this study. In this study the effectiveness of the boiler's predictive maintenance systems is evaluated, and it is identified that the data collected during inspections for system prediction is not sufficient to predict the health status of the boiler, as the system is not configured to monitor the entire tube length and does not consider all failure mechanisms, hence production loss time of 9487 hours for 12 years. |
13,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of the Cray X1 distributed shared-memory architecture, and key words: Bandwidth, CMOS technology, Application software, Supercomputers, Multiprocessor interconnection networks, Memory architecture, Hardware, Parallel programming, Parallel processing, System software. Abstract: The Cray X1 supercomputer, introduced in 2002, has several interesting architectural features. Two key features are the X1's distributed shared memory and its vector multiprocessors. The Cray X1 supercomputer's distributed shared memory presents a 64-bit global address space that is directly addressable from every MSP with an interconnect bandwidth per computation rate of 1 byte/flop. In this article, we characterize the performance of the X1's distributed shared-memory system and its interconnection network using microbench-marks and applications. |
13,023 | Please write an abstract with title: Fractional-pel motion refinement based on hierarchical adjustable dual-parabola model, and key words: Motion estimation, Motion compensation, Video coding, Rate-distortion, Video compression, Standardization, Decoding, Encoding, Computational complexity, Helium. Abstract: H.264 is the new video standardization recommended by the ITU-T Joint Video Coding Experts Group (JVT), in which fractional pixel motion compensation is applied in order to achieve more accurate motion description and higher compression efficiency. However, it remarkably increased complexity in the motion estimation process. Therefore, reducing the computation load incurred by fractional-pel search is necessary. An efficient fast fractional-pel motion refinement algorithm is proposed, based on a hierarchical adjustable dual-parabola (HADP) model. The significant fractional-pel positions can be accurately selected based on the adaptive HADP model, which greatly eliminates unnecessary fractional-pel positions. |
13,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Resource Allocation based on Multiplexing and Isolation in Sliced 5G Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Multiplexing, Couplings, 5G mobile communication, Simulation, Quality of service, Encoding. Abstract: In the 5th-Generation of Mobile Networks (5G), network slices are formed to provide customized services by sharing the wireless resource and the infrastructures of the system. To improve the wireless resource capacity, it is necessary to multiplex the wireless resource among the slices efficiently. At the same time, wireless resource isolation is significant to meet the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of one slice when other slices vary. Therefore, how to achieve high wireless resource capacity while achieving the wireless resource isolation among slices is a significant problem. This paper studies wireless resource allocation in sliced 5G networks considering the tradeoff between the multiplexing and the isolation of wireless resource. Firstly, two indicators are defined to denote the wireless resource multiplexing gain and the wireless resource isolation performance, respectively. And the relationship between them is further analyzed. Next, the wireless resource allocation is formulated as an optimization problem, which aims to maximize the wireless resource multiplexing gain with the constraint of the wireless resource isolation requirements. Then, an improved genetic algorithm based on the optimal preservation scheme and the matrix coding is designed to solve the formulated problem. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing scheme without the isolation performance constraints of the slices and the scheme without multiplexing wireless resource among slices, the proposed scheme can achieve a better resource multiplexing gain while guaranteeing the isolation requirements of the slices. |
13,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Tuning of Electromagnetic Topological States via Staggered Bianisotropy, and key words: Couplings, Propagation, Electromagnetic scattering, Tools, Plasmons, Robustness, Electromagnetics. Abstract: Electromagnetic topological states uncover a broad assortment of promising tools for light manipulation allowing for extraordinary robustness of wave propagation and localization to disorder and perturbations. Basically, tailoring of topological states relies on the external fields introduction or lattice symmetry adjustment, which both restrict their performance and tunability. Here, we propose a novel strategy to implement electromagnetic topological states exploiting on-site degree of freedom of a single scatterer - bianisotropy, which is manifested in a spatial-inversion-symmetry broken meta-atom. In this case, the effective coupling between two meta-atoms is controlled by their mutual orientation and, therefore, can be easily tuned. We demonstrate topological phase transitions in 1D arrays of bianisotropic particles (split-ring resonators) in full-wave numerical simulations. The proposed approach opens an alternative route of photonic topological states engineering which potentially can be generalized to higher dimensions and higher-order topological states on plasmonic as well as all-dielectric platform. |
13,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Weak-supervised Visual Geo-localization via Attention-based Knowledge Distillation, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Training, Visualization, Image matching, Image retrieval, Lighting, Benchmark testing. Abstract: Visual geo-localization aims to estimate the geo-graphical location of a query image by identifying the best-matched reference image from a GPS-tagged database. It remains a challenging task because of image appearance changes such as lighting, scale and pose. The current approaches do not have satisfactory performance for large-scale environments owing to the lack of learning discriminative features for image matching. To address the above problem, we introduce a practical method to exploit a weak-supervised model with selective transfer for feature distillation. We propose an image matching method that uses image sub-regions to adequately analyze the potential of difficult positive images. For improving the network generations and performance, the model estimates image-to-region similarity labels at no additional parameters or manual annotations by use of soft-labeled loss. Moreover, to have optimal training we propose a novel knowledge distillation (KD) method to effectively capture and transfer knowledge of a teacher network to a student network. More specifically, our method uses an attention network to learn relative similarities within features and utilizes these similarities to enhance the distillation intensities by further exploring the potential of difficult positive images. Our model achieves significant localization performance over large variations of appearance on three challenging datasets with satisfactory efficiency. Our code is available at https://github.com/XuYifan98/WAKD. |
13,027 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart User-Centric Visible Light Communication System, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Light emitting diodes, Optical transmitters, Radio transmitters, Visible light communication, Optical receivers. Abstract: This paper presents a smart user-centric visible light communication (VLC) system for indoor communication application. In the proposed system, the VLC transmitter is incorporated with a barrier detection circuit which automatically detects the barrier between the the VLC transmitter and receiver and dynamically changes its spatial location in two dimensions (2D) in order to get good signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) performance at the receiver. The experimental set-up of the proposed smart VLC transmitter with a barrier detection circuit consists of a micro-controller, ultrasonic sensor and low-resolution camera. Analytical expression to calculate the SNR at the receiver with blockage due to the barrier has been derived. It has been shown that high SNR could be maintained uniformly in the presence of blockage with fewer light-emitting-diodes (LEDs), by using simple hardware circuitry, irrespective of the location of the user. |
13,028 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Dynamic Resource Allocation Based on Weighted Expected Spectral Efficiency, and key words: 5G networks, IoT, Li-Fi, Co-Channel Interference, Dynamic Resource Allocation. Abstract: 5G networks occupies a high interest recently because it enables internet of things applications. One of these networks is light fidelity (Li-Fi) technology that attracts high attention nowadays in wireless communication field. Because it has a large swath of spectrum hence the ability to provide high end user data rate up to multiple Gbps. However, Li-Fi suffers from big issues such as co-channel interference (CCI) between users. This problem highly degrades Li-Fi performance. To overcome on this challenge, an efficient resource allocation between users is needed to obtain optimum usage of available system spectrum. In this paper, the users' channel quality is taken into consideration to dynamically allocate resources to users in Li-Fi network. Based on this criterion, the network guarantees efficient spectrum distribution among users without wasting resources for users with bad channel conditions thus improving the system performance. Hence, the proposed scheme can achieve a high improvement in total system spectral efficiency and increase in average data rate per user comparable to other scheduling algorithms, i.e., round robin and proportional fairness scheduling, as it will be discussed in numerical simulation. |
13,029 | Please write an abstract with title: The Special Aspects of Quality Management of the Organization at the Stage of Digital Transformation, and key words: Training, Systematics, Digital transformation, Architecture, Buildings, Organizations, Switches. Abstract: The paper discusses the application of the process approach in the digital transformation of organizations. The study of the features of quality management at the stage of digital transformation is carried out on the example of universities, for which the risks of reducing the quality of the result when switching to remote work are the highest.The aim of the study is to determine the conditions for ensuring the quality of the digital transformation of the university, taking into account the need for re-engineering of the main processes and a radical change in the competency profile of teachers and support staff. To analyze the features of quality management at the stage of digital transformation, the research task is decomposed into three areas. In each direction, the author’s innovative design technology was used, which was adapted to the tasks of applying the process approach and principles of quality management in practice (1), designing the technology for preparing management teams for the implementation of digital transformation projects (2), and developing a mixed training on the basis of changing the system of labor rationing and ensuring the quality of remote work management (3).These approaches have proven their effectiveness in projects related to the development of digital transformation strategies and programs for their implementation, business process reengineering, and involving personnel in solving strategic problems. The study showed that a necessary condition for ensuring the quality of digital transformation is a deep study of the process model. Participants of educational projects received a double effect in the form of the developed elements of a quality management strategy at the stage of digital transformation and the competencies necessary for this. The results obtained confirmed the importance of a systematic view of digital transformation. |
13,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep SAR Imaging and Motion Compensation, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Radar polarimetry, Backscatter, Radar imaging, Imaging, Azimuth, Two dimensional displays. Abstract: Compressive sensing (CS) and matrix sensing (MS) techniques have been applied to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging problem to reduce the sampling amount of SAR echo using the sparse or low-rank prior information. To further exploit the redundancy and improve sampling efficiency, we take a different approach, wherein a deep SAR imaging algorithm is proposed. The main idea is to exploit the redundancy of the backscattering coefficient using an auto-encoder structure, wherein the hidden latent layer in auto-encoder has lower dimension and less parameters than the backscattering coefficient layer. Based on the auto-encoder model, the parameters of the auto-encoder structure and the backscattering coefficient are estimated simultaneously by optimizing the reconstruction loss associated with the down-sampled SAR echo. In addition, in order to meet the practical application requirements, a deep SAR motion compensation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the effect of motion errors on imaging results. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified on both simulated and real SAR data. |
13,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Post layout simulation of RF CMOS integrated circuits with passive components, and key words: Circuit simulation, Radio frequency, CMOS integrated circuits, CMOS technology, Semiconductor device modeling, Integrated circuit technology, Coupling circuits, Libraries, Scattering parameters, Chip scale packaging. Abstract: This paper presents a post-layout simulation methodology to verify the functionality of RF CMOS circuits before the final tape-out. The passive area of the chip, including all on-chip inductors, capacitors, and resistors, is modeled using 3D EM simulators. This method improves the accuracy of simulation results by bringing into account the effect of coupling of the passive components. Two passive test structures are examined to evaluate the improvement in the simulation results' accuracy compared with those of the individual modeling of RF passive components |
13,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel IR-sensitive photorefractive polymer composite, and key words: Photorefractive effect, Optical polymers, Holographic optical components, Optical recording, Fiber nonlinear optics, High speed optical techniques, Holography, Nonlinear optics, Optical sensors, Diffraction. Abstract: We demonstrate the first recording of photorefractive gratings in polymer thin-films at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Our results open the window for the application of polymeric photorefractive devices in optical communication. |
13,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel Customization for RISs-assisted mmWave MIMO communication systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Closed-form solutions, Conferences, Electromagnetic scattering, Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, Reflection, Proposals. Abstract: To address the inherent channel deficiency in strong line-of-sight (LoS) millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems, distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are introduced in this study to customize the wireless channel. Capitalizing on the ability of the RIS to reshape electromagnetic waves, we theoretically show that a favorable channel with an arbitrary tunable rank and a minimized truncated condition number can be established by elaborately designing the placement and reflection matrix of RISs. The number of elements needed for each RIS to combat the path loss is also considered in this research. Numerical results show that the effective channel rank can be flexibly and accurately customized according to the required number of data streams. Moreover, utilizing our proposal, every corner in the interested coverage can build the well-conditioned channel with small truncated condition number. |
13,034 | Please write an abstract with title: An image compression method based on fractal theory, and key words: Image coding, Fractals, Space technology, Heuristic algorithms, Forward contracts, Geometry, Education, Educational institutions, H infinity control, Books. Abstract: Fractal image compression is a new technique for encoding an image compactly. It builds on local self-similarities within images. It has a high compression-ratio and can zoom in or out at will without losing any detail. But it has the disadvantage of lengthy compression time unsuitable for real-processes and practical application. This paper provides an elementary introduction to this compression technique. We survey advanced concepts such as hybrid methods and adaptive portioning. Furthermore, we present a heuristic searching algorithm to decrease encoding time. |
13,035 | Please write an abstract with title: High-resolution images of cone beam collimated CT scans, and key words: Collimators, Computed tomography, Image reconstruction, Detectors, Frequency, Geometry, Filters, Reconstruction algorithms, Interleaved codes, Filtering. Abstract: We present a novel reconstruction algorithm for high-resolution cone-beam CT. Two ideas are combined to achieve this: First, the ray-offset technique, which is well known for 2D reconstruction, is adapted to the case of cone-beam CT. Instead of interleaving parallel rebinned projections from opposite directions during preprocessing before radial rebinning and filtering, the parallel rebinned projections are interleaved with virtual projections, which contain only zeros. These new projections are processed further as usual. The actual combination of opposite measured projections is moved into the back-projection step of the reconstruction. The second idea is the so-called frequency-split technique, which is designed to minimize cone-beam artifacts. Observing that cone beam artifacts contain mainly low frequency components, the reconstructed image is a combination of two independent reconstructions with differently modified reconstruction filters and different amounts of redundant data. A high-frequency image is reconstructed with the ray offset technique using all the redundant data, and a high pass filter leading to a suppression of low frequency artifacts, while the low-frequency components of the image are reconstructed by using little redundant data only. The proposed technique is applied to the WEDGE algorithm and helical acquisition. |
13,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization by genetic algorithm of an ice crystallization for a new hybrid desalination process, and key words: Ice, Optimization, Crystallization, Genetic algorithms, Sociology, Statistics, Crystallizers. Abstract: This work concerns optimal design for a new developed freeze seawater desalination pretreatment process by multi-objective genetic algorithm used by the GA solver of MALTAB's Global optimization toolbox. Genetic algorithms proved themselves as a powerful and robust tool for multiobjective optimization. This study is based on the use of the model developed and simulated for the ice crystallization process within a Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger (SSHE) in our previous works [1], [2]. The objectives function considered in this work are related to both of process productivity and energy consumption. Multi-objective optimization methodology allows taking these two objectives directly and provide search of optimal solution with respect to all of them. The obtained results are in agreement with the analysis of response surface trends in term of ice volume fraction previously investigated [3]. Thus, this allows determining design operating conditions resulting in the best freeze seawater desalination pretreatment process performance. So the optimal design operating point of the new hybrid seawater desalination system combining freezing and reverse osmosis is obtained. |
13,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Separating nonlinear propagation and cavitation effects in HIFU, and key words: Lesions, Acoustic propagation, Nonlinear acoustics, Acoustic scattering, Acoustic measurements, Ultrasonic imaging, Neoplasms, Hemorrhaging, Heating, Imaging phantoms. Abstract: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can destroy tumors or stop internal bleeding. The primary physical mechanism in HIFU is the conversion of acoustic energy to heat, which as HIFU amplitude increases is enhanced by nonlinear acoustic propagation and nonlinear scattering from bubbles. The goal of this work is to study and separate the effects of nonlinear propagation and cavitation during HIFU heating of tissue. Transparent polyacrylamide gel was used as a tissue-mimicking phantom to visualize HIFU lesion growth. Lesion size was also measured in excised turkey breast. Lesions were produced by the same time-averaged intensity, but with different peak acoustic pressure amplitudes compensated by different duty cycles. In order to separate cavitation and nonlinear wave effects, experiments were performed under static pressure (10.34MPa) greater than the peak negative pressure amplitude of the sound waves (8.96MPa). Suppression of cavitation by overpressure was measured by reduced acoustic scattering and transmission loss in the treatment region. We found that, with the same time-averaged intensity, a shorter, higher amplitude wave created a larger lesion than a longer, lower amplitude wave with or without overpressure. |
13,038 | Please write an abstract with title: High-temperature Breakdown Performance Improvement of Polypropylene Films Based on Furfuryl Sulfide Graft Modification, and key words: Electric breakdown, Films, Capacitors, Morphology, Crystals, Crystallization, Conductivity. Abstract: A modification method of polypropylene (PP) films is proposed in this paper for capacitors, based on the Furfuryl Sulfide (FS) grafting. By adding different contents of FS as the graft monomer to control the microstructure, the effect of the addition amount on the electrical properties of the thin films was mainly studied. The results show that the grafting of FS promotes the crystallization process of the film and introduces deep traps, thereby increasing the breakdown field strength and reducing the DC conductivity. At 0.05 wt% FS addition, the breakdown strength of the modified films increased by 17.45% at 125 °C. This new type of thin film shows great potential for application in thermoelectric recombination fields in power systems. |
13,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Improve the LSTM and GRU model for small training data by wavelet transformation, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Logic gates, Artificial intelligence, Training, Training data, Cameras. Abstract: Regarding collision prediction technology, the most common are car reversing radar and infrared rays, which provide warnings by sensing the distance between objects and cars. Although radar detection is accurate, radar systems that can provide instant 360-degree feedback are very expensive. The cost of infrared is much lower, but they cannot be applied to high-temperature environments. As the result, the technology of preventing collisions using only images from cameras is an important artificial intelligence topic in recent years. If a low-resolution CCD and artificial intelligence technology can be used to achieve a certain degree of accuracy in collision prediction, then low-cost anti-collision technology is worth looking forward to. Furthermore, we hope to provide anti-collision warnings on motorcycles and bicycles using this technology. In order to achieve this goal, computational simplification is a technical threshold. It's only when simple calculations achieve high-precision prediction can we meet the low power consumption requirements for image AI to be applied small vehicles. Therefore, we hope to find out a better image representation basis and combine it with AI technology to fulfill the requirements of less calculation and high accuracy. In addition, we also hope to create models with sufficient accuracy with small training data. This experiment will reduce development costs and get better efficiency in the early stage of developing ADAS. |
13,040 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated Distributed Control Structure for Global Communications, and key words: Distributed control, Global communication, Communication system control, Automatic control, Control systems, Crisis management, Costs, Process control, Real time systems, Adaptive control. Abstract: The worldwide communications resources of the Defense Communications System (DCS) are controlled by a multilevel control complex, with distribution of control functions among many control facilities. The control structure is going through substantial changes, driven by considerations of reliability, survivability, crisis management capability, and of course, cost. This paper introduces the control structure, the ongoing and programmed improvements for the control capabilities, and how the Automated Technical Control (ATEC) equipments will form the basis of a distributed, processor based communications control utility. Finally, the unique features of the Real Time Adaptive Control System (RTACS) for the third generation Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) will be described, along with the integration of RTACS into the distributed global control structure. |
13,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Design guidelines for series-hybrid powertrains, and key words: Mechanical power transmission, Ice, Power generation, Power measurement, Automobiles, Urban areas, Time measurement. Abstract: This article presents a method of designing the powertrain for a plug-in series-hybrid vehicle, based on real measurements (regarding the torque and power requirements) performed on a compact passenger car, during real driving conditions, as well as mathematical calculations. The parameters of the series-hybrid driving system which were determined are: the nominal and maximum torque / power / rotational speed of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) which is used to drive a generator, the rated output power of the electric generator, the required nominal and maximum power/torque/rotational speed of the traction electric motor which is used to drive the wheels, the capacity of the high voltage battery pack (which supplies the electric motor), its size, weight etc., taking into consideration vehicle's overall performance and characteristics, including its mass. |
13,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Universal Health Management and Monitoring System in Resource-Constrained Environment Based on Internet of Things, and key words: Monitoring, Hidden Markov models, Internet of Things, Biomedical monitoring, Wireless sensor networks, Diseases, Delays. Abstract: The physiological health and chronic diseases of humans can be monitored by linking up health management and monitoring (HMM) system with the Internet of things (IoT), which transcends the restrictions of time and space. However, the IoT network faces several resource constraints, such as limited storage and initial energy of nodes, long delay of response to system transmission, and low rate of successful payments. To solve these problems, this paper explores the IoT-based implementation of universal HMM system in resource-constrained environment. Firstly, the forwarding utility of the communication between adjacent IoT nodes was estimated, and an incentive strategy was prepared for the IoT nodes in the resource-constrained environment. Next, a universal HMM system was designed, and the scheme for denoising, baseline drift filtering, and feature point detection was introduced step by step. After that, the authors presented the design process of the communication protocol, and the workflow of the cloud server. Through experiments, the measurements of the detection modules in the proposed universal HMM system were proved effective, and our algorithm was confirmed superior in the success rate of message delivery, the mean residual energy of nodes, and the delay of system response. |
13,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Multibeam sub-bottom profiler: exploitation of experimental data, and key words: Transmitters, Acoustic beams, Geology, Testing, Acoustic devices, Sediments, Acoustic transducers, Acoustic arrays, Band pass filters, Optical reflection. Abstract: The use of a SBP 120 multibeam sub-bottom profiler (Kongsberg Maritime) during recent sea trials enabled us to acquire data in various sedimentary areas and to test the influence of different acquisition parameters. In the first section of this article, we describe the SBP 120 main features. Studying the oblique beams, we then show that the recorded signal mainly comes from coherent reflection. The use of large arrays provides a high source level and increases the directivity index at emission and reception, but we show that to image complex structures, it can be interesting to limit the arrays' length and to use a less directive device. In the last section, we show preliminary results of the exploitation of SBP 120 data to characterize the geological environment. |
13,044 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Optimization of Placement, Beamwidth, and Power Allocation in the UAV-Enabled Network, and key words: Power demand, Simulation, Heuristic algorithms, Directional antennas, Omnidirectional antennas, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Information and communication technology. Abstract: In this paper, we consider an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled network in which a UAV equipped with a directional antenna relays data from a ground base station (GBS) to ground users (GUs). Under this system, we study a problem minimizing the weighted sum power consumption of the GBS and the UAV by jointly optimizing the location of the UAV, beamwidth of the directional antenna, and power allocation. To solve the problem, we develop a simple heuristic algorithm, and verify its effectiveness through simulation results. |
13,045 | Please write an abstract with title: A Non-Pulsating Input Current Step-Up DC/DC Converter With Common Ground Structure for Photovoltaic Applications, and key words: Voltage, Stress, Inductors, Switches, Capacitors, Semiconductor diodes, Photovoltaic systems. Abstract: Many of the High Gain Step-Up DC/DC converters proposed in the literature do not share common ground and have a pulsating or discontinuous input current, making the converter unsuitable for solar photovoltaic applications. In this article, a non-pulsating input current (NPIC) with a high-gain DC/DC step-up converter is proposed and analyzed in detail. The converter shares a common ground structure and a voltage conversion ratio more than twice that of the Traditional quadratic boost converter (TQBC). The converter has two switches that operate in phase, which makes it easy to control. Also, the voltage stress across all semiconductor devices is lower than the output voltage, which enhances the efficiency of the converter. The loss analysis is carried out with the PLECS software, integrating the real models of switches and diodes from the technical datasheet. To confirm and validate the functionality of the proposed converter, a 200 W hardware prototype is being developed in the laboratory. It was observed that the maximum efficiency was 94.5% with an input voltage of 16V. The converter achieves high gain at low duty cycles and has been shown to perform well in open loop conditions. |
13,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide Range Omni-Directional Intelligent Navigation System for the Visually Impaired, and key words: Visualization, Navigation, Delay effects, Wearable computers, Sociology, Organizations, Assistive devices. Abstract: Compared to the non-visually impaired people, the visually impaired people have to face many challenges in everyday life. As per the report of World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the vision impairment can be avoided out of 1.3 billion people who live with it worldwide. The risk of vision impairment can be the result of population growth and aging. To make their activities easier, assistive devices with updated technologies can support them for safe navigation, which will also increase and improve their functional capabilities. The age-old white cane and guide dog were used for their assistance but had their own hurdles. Thus, this research work has proposed a wide range of Omnidirectional smart assistive wearable device, which helps the visually impaired people to detect within the range of 2m and also notify the user through a buzzer sound at different time delays. |
13,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of MEMS based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester, and key words: Vibrations, Micromechanical devices, Voltage, Surface roughness, Software, Finite element analysis, Numerical models. Abstract: In recent decades, with the advancement of microtechnology, various sensors and actuators have been developed based on MEMS (micro electromechanical systems) technology. Their low power usage, miniature size, and high precision are significant advantages of these electronic devices, so their utilization has been expanded in industrial applications. The energy collection method of piezoelectric energy harvesters was briefly discussed in this work. The methods involved in improving the power of piezoelectric energy harvesters are structural modification, various cross-sections of bluff bodies, and single and multi-layer cantilever beam arrangements are discussed in detail. Finally, a new dimensional piezoelectric energy harvester has been developed to harness the electrical energy from FIV (flow induced vibrations). In addition to this, we focused on the structural modified cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters with rectangular and trapezoidal sections to harvest the power using COMSOL software. The results demonstrate that a harvester having a trapezoidal section provides more stress and displacement in comparison with rectangular sections. A Finite Element Model (FEM) is implemented to generate the harvester voltage from the piezoelectric patch when subjected to the disturbances. In addition, the dimensions of the beam, layer, and pressure of fluid can be estimated using a FEM model to obtain the voltage from the harvester. |
13,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Night club recommendation system based on decision trees, and key words: Location awareness, Input variables, Urban areas, Estimation, Machine learning, Predictive models, Rocks. Abstract: The following document presents the use of a recommendation system designed for nightclubs in Aguascalientes City, Mexico, which offers customized services according to different profiles based on user’s information such as age, gender, and preferred type of music. The advantage of this system is that it improves users’ experience. A preference questionnaire was applied to 75 young people in order to collect their preferences. One decision tree per nightclub was modeled to predict the user’s evaluation based on their profile. Based on the data collected, the most important features for choosing a nightclub are age and type of music that the customer likes, being reggeaton, banda, and electronic the most preferred ones. The absolute error average of predictions was 0.96 using a scale of 4 points. Besides, data from INEGI and the Kernel Density Estimation technique were used to locate the nightclubs. It was found that nightclubs are located mainly in two points in the city: north and downtown. |
13,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Gate-level mitigation techniques for neutron-induced soft error rate, and key words: Error analysis, Neutrons, Circuits, Alpha particles, Single event transient, Capacitance, Robustness, Latches, Voltage, Logic devices. Abstract: Neutron-induced single-event upsets have become increasingly problematic in aggressively scaled process technologies due to smaller nodal capacitances and reduced operating voltages. We present a probability-based analysis of neutron strikes on combinational logic chains and investigate techniques to increase circuit robustness in terms of decreasing the probability of upsetting the capturing latch given a particle strike. We show that using a technique of inserting simple cross-coupled inverter pairs on error prone sites, as well as intelligently placing lower V/sub th/ devices and readjusting device width, can increase the robustness by nearly 20% thereby increasing the mean time between soft errors by almost 25%. This technique incurs substantially less overhead than traditional redundancy approaches to mitigating soft errors. |
13,050 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of buried hinge based 3D torsional micro mirrors, and key words: Fasteners, Mirrors, Switches, Micromechanical devices, Liquid crystals, Optical devices, Liquid crystal displays, Scalability, Fabrics, Optical losses. Abstract: In recent years, substantial research has been carried out on 3D micro mirrors. Torsional micromirror is among the most interesting. After reviewing the recent development of torsional micro mirrors, this paper presents and studies a new design approach of 3D OXC torsional micro-mirrors. These devices are made by using CMP polishing method, wich offers a good surface flatness and don't suffer from the bottom layers conformality, encountered with the RIE etching used in some conventional surface micro-machining processes. The design is optimised by using FEM analysis method. The simulation results have contributed to the success of the tested MOEMS components. These micro mirrors provide larger integration density, enhanced flatness, larger deflection angle and lower driving voltage than current MEMS design. |
13,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Network-Impact of Platoon Size and Penetration at City-Scale, and key words: Meters, Energy consumption, Conferences, Urban areas, Data models, Delays, Fuels. Abstract: In this ongoing research, the authors investigate platooning as a potential solution to reduce traffic congestion, emissions and energy consumption. Platooning is a technique where vehicles travel together as a group with a small headway (< 3 meters) between them to reduce aerodynamic drag. To date, research on platoon effects has largely focused on platoon members’ gain in fuel efficiency or overall traffic network gain in capacity. This paper examines the impact of platoon size and penetration (i.e., percentage of platoon-enabled vehicles) at the network level when platoons are formed using a simple decentralized scheme. Impacts are described in terms of fuel consumption and time lost due to delay from traffic congestion. Using an actual roadway network and traffic data from a medium-sized city in South Carolina, platooning scenarios with different sizes and penetration levels are simulated using SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility). Results indicate counter-intuitively that the greatest reduction in fuel consumption and time loss does not occur at the highest platoon-enabled penetration level. |
13,052 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Level Semantic Fusion Algorithm Based on Historical Data in Question Answering, and key words: Deep learning, Semantics, Neural networks, Redundancy, Natural languages, Logic gates, Knowledge discovery. Abstract: To solve the problem that existing machine reading comprehension models can't understand the semantics of articles and questions well, this paper proposes a multi-level semantic fusion neural network based on natural language understanding and deep learning. The model combines calculations of attentions at different levels with cross-layer fusions of historical data. Experiments on the SQuAD dataset prove that our proposed model is superior to traditional models in terms of the exact match rate and F1 value. Our model can better transmit and interpret data and enhance the performance of question answering systems. |
13,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Piezoelectric anisotropy - phase transition relations in perovskite single crystals, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Crystals, Ferroelectric materials, Iron, Temperature dependence, Piezoelectric effect, Composite materials, Crystalline materials, Dielectric materials, Piezoelectric polarization. Abstract: The orientation dependence of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient is investigated as a function of temperature in BaTiO/sub 3/ and PbTiO/sub 3/ crystals using Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire theory. We show that a presence of the ferroelectric - ferroelectric phase transitions in BaTiO/sub 3/ leads to an enhanced piezoelectric longitudinal response along nonpolar directions. The reason for this is the abrupt increase of the shear piezoelectric coefficients in the vicinity of a FE - FE phase transition temperature. In PbTiO/sub 3/, which does not exhibit such phase transitions, the shear piezoelectric effect is weak and the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient has its maximum along the polar axis at all temperatures. These results can be generalized to include phase transitions induced by electric-field and composition variation and are valid for all perovskite materials. Further, using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory and tetragonal BaTiO/sub 3/ as an example, we demonstrate that a strong electric bias fields applied anti-parallel to the spontaneous polarization may lead to a large enhancement of piezoelectric properties in monodomain perovskite crystals. The enhancement is due to the field-induced dielectric softening of the crystal. |
13,054 | Please write an abstract with title: A new approach to lossless image compression, and key words: Image coding, Pixel, Binary search trees, Biomedical imaging, Computer science, Information management, Transform coding, Propagation losses, Humans, Fractals. Abstract: In this paper, we shall propose a lossless image compression method based on base switching transformation (BST). In order to lower down the difference between the minimum and maximum pixel values of each block used in BST and reduce the number of bits that BST needs, the first step we take is to modify each pixel value of original image by subtracting the value of the neighboring pixel from it. The reason is that the pixel values of two neighboring pixels are usually very close to each other. Besides, we provide a hierarchical concept for the BST method. It can effectively improve the compression ratio. With our experimental results, we have made a comparison among our method, the joint photographic experts group (JPEG) compression method, and joint bi-level image experts group (JBIG) compression method, in which our method proves to be superior. |
13,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Achieving high-diversity in MB-OFDM systems, and key words: Diversity reception, Time frequency analysis, Ultra wideband technology, OFDM modulation, Frequency diversity, USA Councils, Error analysis, Bandwidth, Power generation, Wireless communication. Abstract: Multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) solution has recently been proposed in the IEEE 802.15.3a working group for possible deployment in high-rate (110-480 Mbps) and short-range (4-10 m) wireless applications. To enhance the error rate performance of MB-OFDM systems, a high-diversity algebraic time-frequency (ATF) coding is proposed in this paper. The ATF codes are proved to be able to achieve full-diversity without any rate loss. Simulation results are presented to show that error performance can be greatly improved by using ATF coding. |
13,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Twotowers 3.0: enhancing usability, and key words: Usability, Performance analysis, Software tools, Stochastic processes, Algebra, Architecture description languages, Graphical user interfaces, Computational modeling, Analytical models, Computer simulation. Abstract: TwoTowers is a software tool for the functional verification and performance evaluation of computer, communication and software systems represented through stochastic process algebra (SPA). In this paper we describe a novel version (3.0), in which the modeling language is no longer a pure SPA, but a SPA-based architectural description language called AEmilia. We show that Two Towers 3.0 improves on the previous version in terms of usability, because AEmilia hides most of the technicalities of SPA, and also in terms of efficiency, because a new algorithm for state space generation has been implemented. |
13,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Duplex Restricted Network With Guided Upsampling for the Semantic Segmentation of Remotely Sensed Images, and key words: Feature extraction, Semantics, Convolution, Image segmentation, Remote sensing, Task analysis, Data mining. Abstract: Deep convolutional networks are of great significance for the automatic semantic annotation of remotely sensed images. Object position and semantic labeling are equally important in semantic segmentation tasks. However, the convolution and pooling operations of the convolutional network will affect the image resolution when extracting semantic information, which makes acquiring semantics and capturing positions contradictory. We design a duplex restricted network with guided upsampling. The detachable enhancement structure to separate opposing features on the same level. In this way, the network can adaptively choose how to trade-off classification and localization tasks. To optimize the detailed information obtained by encoding, a concentration-aware guided upsampling module is further introduced to replace the traditional upsampling operation for resolution restoration. We also add a content capture normalization module to enhance the features extracted in the encoding stage. Our approach uses fewer parameters and significantly outperforms previous results on two very high resolution (VHR) datasets: 84.81% (vs 82.42%) on the Potsdam dataset and 86.76% (vs 82.74%) on the Jiage dataset. |
13,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Plane wave ultrasound beamforming using a nonuniform fast Fourier transform based on low rank approximation, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Costs, Array signal processing, Fast Fourier transforms, Frequency-domain analysis, Imaging, Real-time systems. Abstract: Fourier domain beamforming of plane wave imaging (PWI) can provide fast and accurate image reconstruction. The frequency domain remapping from the uniform sampled grid to a nonuniform grid can be implemented through the nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT), which provides a fast solution for the nonuniform Fourier transform. However, the state-of-the-art NUFFTs are usually based on oversampling, discrete convolutions and fast Fourier transform (FFT) on an oversampled grid. In this paper we adopt an efficient NUFFT method based on low rank approximation. It does not require any oversampling and costs only several calculations of FFT. We study the performance of the low rank NUFFT beamforming method in PWI in terms of resolution, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and computational cost. The low rank NUFFT offers an advantage in the computation speed, FWHM and CNR, comparing with the DAS and the conventional oversampling NUFFT beamforming strategies. With the low rank NUFFT Fourier domain beamforming method and its potential parallel characteristic, it is feasible to obtain high quality images with only 3 PWs in real-time. |
13,059 | Please write an abstract with title: X-BaD: A Flexible Tool for Explanation-Based Bias Detection, and key words: Heating systems, Performance evaluation, Machine learning algorithms, Neural networks, Lightning, Machine learning, Tools. Abstract: As widely known, machine learning has been thriving during the last two decades on the strength of two key factors: significant and continuous improvements in hardware performance and the possibility to produce large datasets through automated procedures. However, it has been shown that datasets often contain biases that can significantly affect the performance and resilience of machine learning models, e.g., when deployed to realize functionality for cyber-physical systems. For this reason, a lot of research has been devoted to methodologies and tools for detecting biases in the dataset.This paper presents X-BaD, a tool for bias detection designed to inject and discover biases in a neural network. It is implemented as an open-source Python library that extends the Spectral Relevance Analysis methodology. It allows data reusability and user customization by parameter configurations, and offers built-in functions to inject artificial biases into popular image datasets such as CIFAR-10, Pascal VOC, and ImageNet, for test purposes. This tool is compatible and extensible with features that are commonly used in machine learning frameworks, such as PyTorch and Pytorch Lightning datasets and models, Captum attributions, and Sci-kit Learn clustering algorithms and clustering performance evaluation methods. It also includes functions to interpret and assess the processed data. A set of experiments is finally presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed tool. |
13,060 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching and Learning based 5G cognitive radio application for future application, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, 5G mobile communication, Spectral efficiency, Wireless networks, Education, Energy efficiency, Sensors. Abstract: Wireless Communication Network (WSN) applications are growing drastically daily, and their extensive nature attracts researchers and development authorities. The critical issues in wireless communication have been answering by advancements in cognitive radio (CR) techniques. The dynamic spectrum analysis allows cognitive radio at the receiver section to increase the spectrum efficiency and power consumption. The next-generation wireless networks, namely 5G technologies, accept advanced cognitive radios in their functionality. In this work, teaching and Learning based optimization are proposed for future communications purpose. The main aim of the study is to increase the spectral efficiency as well as energy consumption. The earlier methods can only targeting transmission rate and network complexity. The proposed adaptive teaching and learning based WCN can improve 78% energy efficiency and 47% data rate. |
13,061 | Please write an abstract with title: Variable Voltage Control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Firm Frequency Response in the U.K., and key words: Batteries, Voltage control, Topology, Frequency control, Supercapacitors, Frequency response, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: The National Grid in the U.K. proposed the firm frequency response (FFR) documents on recent developments regarding tendering options for active balancing mechanism units, specifically for batteries. However, frequent bipolar converting and instantaneous high power demand challenge battery lifetime and operation cost in the FFR. Combining a battery with a supercapacitor (SC) has several advantages, but the system cost may rise. Targeting the FFR service, this article presents a new variable voltage control within a semiactive battery SC hybrid scheme. In the proposed hybrid energy storage system, the dc bus voltage is controllable to improve the SC use ratio while reducing the converter's cost. A power management strategy integrating fuzzy logic with dynamic filtering method is proposed benefiting in broadening the filtering flexibility while reducing battery degradation. In addition, both the long-term simulations and scaled-down experiments are implemented to verify the proposed topology with the control strategy and power management by quantitative comparisons of battery degradations and SC use ratios. |
13,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Time Series Data Analysis And Prediction Of CO2 Emissions, and key words: Mathematical model, Sociology, Linear regression, Carbon dioxide, Discharges (electric), Predictive models. Abstract: With the on-going progress of global industrialization and the advancement of human society, the intake of fossil fuels is rising at an alarming rate, leading to extreme environmental issues, inclusive of the greenhouse effect. One of the major gases that produce the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide (CO2). In the past 200 years the mean annual temperature of the Earth’s surface, averaged over the entire globe, has been increasing according to evidence. This paper analyzes and forecasts the emissions from carbon dioxide (CO2) using the dataset of the years 1995 to 2018 from India. The motivation behind this paper is also to educate people about how serious the current environmental issues are. The statistical technique of multiple linear regression is used for predicting and analysing the same. CO2 emission is considered to be the dependent variable while year, population and electricity consumption of India are considered to be the independent variables. The multiple linear regression model used generated a test score of 96.40%. |
13,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel aware decision fusion in wireless sensor networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Statistics, Fading, Diversity reception, Sensor fusion, Signal to noise ratio, Robustness, Performance evaluation, Performance analysis, Analytical models. Abstract: Information fusion by utilizing multiple distributed sensors is studied in this work. Extending the classical parallel fusion structure by incorporating the fading channel layer that is omnipresent in wireless sensor networks, we derive the likelihood ratio based fusion rule given fixed local decision devices. This optimum fusion rule, however, requires perfect knowledge of the local decision performance indices as well as the fading channel. To address this issue, two alternative fusion schemes, namely, the maximum ratio combining statistic and a two-stage approach using the Chair-Varshney fusion rule, are proposed that alleviate these requirements and are shown to be the low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) equivalents of the likelihood-based fusion rule. To further robustify the fusion rule and motivated by the maximum ratio combining statistics, we also propose a statistic analogous to an equal gain combiner that requires minimum a priori information. Performance evaluation is performed both analytically and through simulation. |
13,064 | Please write an abstract with title: The Promise of Satellite Oceanography, and key words: Satellites, Oceans, Sea surface, NASA, Altimetry, Radar measurements, Spaceborne radar, Stress, Relays, Productivity. Abstract: The goal of the Oceanic Processes Program at NASA is to evaluate the utility of spaceborne techniques for observing the oceans, and to apply these techniques toward advancing our understanding of fundamental oceanic behavior. This paper describes some of the oceanographical problems amenable to solution using satellite observations, such as the use of satellite altimetry to determine the surface geostrophic current and scatterometry to determine the surface wind stress. This data, together with complementary data obtained in-situ and relayed through satellite location and data collection systems, will enable us to determine the global circulation of the ocean. In addition, the use of color scanners to determine primary productivity and physical-biological interaction in the ocean is discussed. |
13,065 | Please write an abstract with title: Beyond mAP: Towards practical object detection for weed spraying in precision agriculture, and key words: Shape, Machine vision, Plants (biology), Spraying, Graphics processing units, Prototypes, Object detection. Abstract: The evolution of smaller and more powerful GPUs over the last 2 decades has vastly increased the opportunity to apply robust deep learning-based machine vision approaches to real-time use cases in practical environments. One exciting application domain for such technologies is precision agriculture, where the ability to integrate on-board machine vision with data-driven actuation means that farmers can make decisions about crop care and harvesting at the level of the individual plant rather than the whole field. This makes sense both economically and environmentally. This paper assesses the feasibility of precision spraying weeds via a comprehensive evaluation of weed detection accuracy and speed using two separate datasets, two types of GPU, and several state-of-the-art object detection algorithms. A simplified model of precision spraying is used to determine whether the weed detection accuracy achieved could result in a sufficiently high weed hit rate combined with a significant reduction in herbicide usage. The paper introduces two metrics to capture these aspects of the real-world deployment of precision weeding and demonstrates their utility through experimental results. |
13,066 | Please write an abstract with title: Threshold-Based Data Exclusion Approach for Energy-Efficient Federated Edge Learning, and key words: Training, Energy consumption, Computational modeling, Conferences, Wireless networks, Simulation, Predictive models. Abstract: Federated edge learning (FEEL) is a promising distributed learning technique for next-generation wireless networks. FEEL preserves the user’s privacy, reduces the communication costs, and exploits the unprecedented capabilities of edge devices to train a shared global model by leveraging a massive amount of data generated at the network edge. However, FEEL might significantly shorten energy-constrained participating devices’ lifetime due to the power consumed during the model training round. This paper proposes a novel approach that endeavors to minimize computation and communication energy consumption during FEEL rounds to address this issue. First, we introduce a modified local training algorithm that intelligently selects only the samples that enhance the model’s quality based on a predetermined threshold probability. Then, the problem is formulated as joint energy minimization and resource allocation optimization problem to obtain the optimal local computation time and the optimal transmission time that minimize the total energy consumption considering the worker’s energy budget, available bandwidth, channel states, beamforming, and local CPU speed. After that, we introduce a tractable solution to the formulated problem that ensures the robustness of FEEL. Our simulation results show that our solution substantially outperforms the baseline FEEL algorithm as it reduces the local consumed energy by up to 79%. |
13,067 | Please write an abstract with title: An experimental 27w 1Mb CMOS high-speed DRAM, and key words: Random access memory, Delays, Generators, Temperature measurement, MOS devices, Substrates, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: In recent years, high-speed DRAMs[ll are in greater demand as microprocessors become faster. In a small microprocessor-based computer system. high-speed DRAMS can keep up with the CPU and avoid wait states during memory accesses. This paper describes an experimental 256 K word X 4 bit CMOS DRAM with a typical RAS access time of 27 ns. In page mode operation, a typical CAS access time of 12 ns with a page cycle time of 24 ns is obtained. This performance was achieved by Strapping wordline with metal, a multiplexed sense amplifier using depletion devices, a fast boosted wordline clock and driver, half - VDD sensing without dummy cells, and segmented 1/0 lines for faster I/O seming. Unique wordline and bitline redundancy is implemented which does not adversely affect access and cycle times. Robust cell-array N-well and substrate bias generators provide low cell leakage current and improve peripheral circuit speed. Bitline margin test done by changing bitline precharge voltage enhances the testability of the memory arrays. |
13,068 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Use of Lookahead to Improve Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Indoor Localization Accuracy, and key words: Location awareness, Performance evaluation, Viterbi algorithm, Time series analysis, Fingerprint recognition, Time measurement, Real-time systems. Abstract: Causality is a basic concept in system theory. In this paper we introduce the notions of causal and non-causal indoor localization. A non-causal localization system uses future signal and sensor measurements, in addition to past and present ones, to estimate the location of a person or an object at the present time. We provide example use cases where non-causal localization could prove useful.The main contribution of the paper is the development of an indoor localization system based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting and the Viterbi Algorithm that could be used in both causal and non-causal modes. Our proposed method finds the best "path" in a building matching a time series of Wi-Fi scan results made by the mobile device carried by the person to be located over a period of time. Our system improves localization accuracy by using the knowledge of building floor plans and the fact that humans do not move faster than a certain speed.We evaluate the performance of the causal and non-causal versions of our system and compare them against the basic WiFi fingerprinting localization system based on the KNN algorithm in an office building. Our empirical results show that both the causal and non-causal versions of our system outperform the basic fingerprinting system, with the non-causal version yielding significantly higher accuracy than the basic fingerprinting system. |
13,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Rotation Equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Data models, Data mining, Support vector machines, Convolutional neural networks, Hyperspectral imaging, Computer architecture. Abstract: Detection of surface material based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) analysis is an important and challenging task in remote sensing. It is widely known that spectral-spatial data exploitation performs better than traditional spectral pixel-wise procedures. Nowadays, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown to be a powerful deep learning (DL) technique due their strong feature extraction ability. CNNs not only combine spectral-spatial information in a natural way, but have also shown to be able to learn translation-equivariant representations, i.e. a translation of input features into an equivalent internal CNN feature map. This provides great robustness to spatial feature locations. However, as far as we know, CNNs do not exhibit a natural way to exploit rotation equivariance, i.e. make use of the fact that data patches in a HSI data cube are observed in different orientations due to their orientation or on the varying paths/orbits of the airborne/spaceborne spectrometers. This article presents a rotation-equivariant CNN2D model for HSI analysis, where traditional convolution kernels have been replaced by circular harmonic filters (CHFs). The obtained results over three well-known HSI datasets showcase the potential of the approach. |
13,070 | Please write an abstract with title: An Application of LSTM Recurrent Networks to Expanding of Search Tree Nodes in Symbolic Planning, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Deep learning, Training, Estimation, Planning, Information and communication technology, Task analysis. Abstract: Applying deep learning to symbolic planning is not straightforward because they differently internalize knowledge. One represents knowledge numerically while the other does symbolically. Hybrid methods that take strengths from both techniques will deliver better performance on automated planning. This paper presents a method to improve the performance of symbolic planning by applying LSTM recurrent networks to inferring the guidance knowledge for search tree node expansion. The networks learn sequential patterns across previous node expansions and generalizes the learned knowledge to predict promising actions and their probability scores at the present expansion step. The prediction consists with node cost estimation for heuristic search. A simple experiment vindicates the method of this research. |
13,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Generated Installation of Fuzzy Linear Automaton, and key words: Automata, Finite element analysis, Mathematical model, Trajectory, Airports, Tools, Testing. Abstract: The article considers the linear automata whose fuzziness is embedded in the equations of their functioning. The method is proposed for constructing generalized sequences that lead them to a certain set of known initial states. The concepts of optimality sequences by various criteria are introduced and the method of their construction is proposed. This problem is very relevant for the diagnosis of digital systems. |
13,072 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Panel Level Package (Hybrid PLP) Technology Based on a 650-mm x 650-mm Platform, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Costs, Power system management, Semiconductor device reliability, Process control, Multichip modules, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: A panel-level (PL) approach to fan-out (FO) packaging has been discussed for several years to reduce the cost of chip-first FO packaging based on redistribution layer (RDL) technology. More recently, multilayer high-density chip-last packages have been introduced for more advanced applications. This technology would also benefit from PL processing for cost reduction. Due to the large package dimensions, applications such as an application processor (AP) or multichip module (MCM) will have greater benefits than the smaller power management integrated circuit (PMIC), transceiver or audio codec applications typical of chip-first FO packaging.The known technical challenges with panel-level fan-out (PLFO) packaging range from die-shift over the full panel, through warpage of the panel along the process flow which limits the number of redistribution layers, to controlling the total thickness variation (TTV) during the panel-level back-grind processes. Commercial aspects such as capital expenditures on panel-level equipment and difficulty in filling a panel line are the main financial considerations.A 650-mm x 650-mm PLFO technology will be presented which enables assembly of four 300-mm round or 300-mm square fan-out subpanels on a carrier panel. This technology enables the reutilization of the reconstitution and die / package-level processing equipment, focusing the panel processing where the greatest cost benefit can be achieved in the redistribution layer process. The use of a carrier panel minimizes the warpage permitting implementation of more RDLs without impacting processability. The reconstitution portion of the flow is performed on the smaller form factor minimizing die-shift considerations on the large panel. The same panel equipment and infrastructure can also be used for chip-last PLFO or high-density, high-quality coreless substrates. Process flow details will be shared based on a PLFO pilot line.Component level reliability results on a chip-last fan-out test vehicle will be shown as well as comparative cost modelling on chip-first PLFO vs 300-mm fan-out wafer for both chip-first and chip-last fan-out packages. |
13,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Can Weight Sharing Outperform Random Architecture Search? An Investigation With TuNAS, and key words: Computer architecture, Search problems, Google, Inference algorithms, Task analysis, Training. Abstract: Efficient Neural Architecture Search methods based on weight sharing have shown good promise in democratizing Neural Architecture Search for computer vision models. There is, however, an ongoing debate whether these efficient methods are significantly better than random search. Here we perform a thorough comparison between efficient and random search methods on a family of progressively larger and more challenging search spaces for image classification and detection on ImageNet and COCO. While the efficacies of both methods are problem-dependent, our experiments demonstrate that there are large, realistic tasks where efficient search methods can provide substantial gains over random search. In addition, we propose and evaluate techniques which improve the quality of searched architectures and reduce the need for manual hyper-parameter tuning. |
13,074 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of P<sup>+</sup>-Layer Emitter Profile of Power Diode Structure on Forward Voltage, and key words: Temperature distribution, Liquids, Voltage, Doping, Nonhomogeneous media, Silicon, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: The increase in the diameter of silicon wafers amplifies the disadvantages of the diffusion method of power device manufacture. High temperature and the lengthiness of the diffusion process, geometric and concentration inhomogeneity of doping material distribution, as well as defects of doped layers lead to increased voltage drop values for forward current. Lower values of forward voltage drops are shown for silicon power diodes with anodic junction obtained by thermomigration of liquid zones, compared to conventional alternatives. It has been found that this result is associated with two factors. Firstly, the thermomigration method allows to optimize the base layer thickness of the device, as well as to obtain a more prominent doping material distribution in the emitter region. The advantages of thermomigration have been found to be amplified by the use of large-diameter silicon wafers. |
13,075 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Belief Network Based Land Cover Classification, and key words: Earth, Computers, Technological innovation, Biological system modeling, Land surface, Spatial databases, Principal component analysis. Abstract: Land cover is the noticed actual cover on the Earth's surface which fills in as an ideal info boundary for various agricultural, hydrological and biological models. Thus, to foster feasible land use frameworks, there is a need to arrange the land cover. The principle objective of this work is to perform land cover arrangement by utilizing Hyper Spectral Image information and by applying Deep Belief Network. In this work, a combination approach is utilized to join the spatial and unearthly data in the arrangement cycle. An epic significant plan is proposed to get high portrayal accuracy in the wake of checking the capability of Restricted Boltzmann machine and Deep Belief Network. Trial results with broadly utilized hyper spectral information show those classifiers, inherent this profound learning-based system give serious execution. Also, the work reports to resolve the issues looked in utilizing 1-D information of the first Deep Belief Networks. To conquer this limit, another system is proposed for 3-D hyper unearthly picture which joins Principal Component Analysis; various leveled learning-based element extraction with calculated relapse. |
13,076 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simulation Framework for Magnetic Continuum Robots, and key words: Robots, Navigation, Magnetic fields, Magnetic moments, Electromagnetics, Instruments, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Remote magnetic navigation is a technology used to robotically steer magnetic medical instruments, such as magnetic catheters and guidewires, for minimally invasive surgery. The ability to model and simulate the behavior of these magnetic instruments in complex anatomies is important for their clinical use in many ways. Simulation frameworks can improve their design, characterization, and automatic control capabilities, as well as provide training simulators for physicians. In this work we introduce a new simulation framework that accounts for both magnetic actuation and interactions forces with meshed collision models. The simulations are validated experimentally in planar rigid models using a pre-clinical electromagnetic navigation system. We also demonstrate the use of our framework to build training simulators for two endovascular navigation tasks including the exploration of the aortic arch and the internal carotid artery. |
13,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrification of jets of diesel: comparison between Malvern and PDPA measurement, and key words: Spraying, Pollution measurement, Needles, Petroleum, Combustion, Size measurement, Bars, Velocity measurement, Fuels, Particle measurements. Abstract: In previous articles we have proved that it was possible to modify the hydrodynamic parameters of high speed jets of diesel oil with electrical processes. The modifications were observed on the velocity, the size of the droplets and on their distribution in the space with a PDPA system. From these experiments we had concluded that the electrification of the jet (injection of electric charges in the liquid) increased the diameter of the droplets most of the time. In this article we present new measurements done with a Malvern diffraction laser system. Our conclusions are totally different from those we deduced from previous measurements. We will try to explain why we have had this apparent contradiction. |
13,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Application for Eye Training, and key words: Training, Webcams, Conferences, Semantics, Software, Pupils, Monitoring. Abstract: This article is devoted to developing application for the eye training. This publication contains two semantic parts: theoretical and practical. The first part is devoted to the formation of eye exercises that have a positive effect on their health. In the practical part is performed software implementation of a series of exercises. Particular attention is paid to monitoring the position of the head and the pupils to exercise control. Besides, the accuracy of the results obtained with a conventional webcam is investigated. |
13,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Change in Sum of Power Based Fault Detection Method for Microgrid Utilizing μPMU, and key words: Resistance, Renewable energy sources, Fault detection, Capacitors, Microgrids, Switches, Phasor measurement units. Abstract: This article presents a method to detect the short-circuit faults in the microgrid by processing and analyzing $\mu$ PMU data. The $\mu$ PMUs are placed in the network for fault observability, and the network is divided into monitoring zones. Thereafter, a fault detection index is developed that computes the change in the per-unit sum of positive sequence active power entering the zone. Extensive test scenarios are simulated on a microgrid system for the grid-connected and islanded mode of operation to verify the proposed scheme. Besides that, validation on several no-fault scenarios such as capacitor and load switching, distributed generator tripping, microgrid islanding, and resynchronization is performed. Across the wide range of operating conditions, the test results indicate that the proposed method reliably detects faults in the microgrid. |
13,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Source recovery for body sensor network, and key words: Body sensor networks, Source separation, Independent component analysis, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Biomedical monitoring, Electrocardiography, Data mining, Blind source separation, Sensor systems, Microwave integrated circuits. Abstract: To accurately capture clinically relevant episodes with body sensor networks (BSNs), multi-sensor fusion is essential for extracting intrinsic physiological and contextual information. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the sensors compounded by the mixture of signals across different sensor channels, this process can be practically difficult. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of source separation for BSN based on independent component analysis (ICA). We demonstrate how this can be used in practical BSN experiments when the number of sensing channels is limited |
13,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Optimal Assembly Line Order Sequencing with Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study, and key words: Productivity, Sequential analysis, Production systems, Reinforcement learning, Switches, Predictive models, Throughput. Abstract: The new era of Industry 4.0 is leading towards self-learning and adaptable production systems requiring efficient and intelligent decision making. Achieving high production rate in a short span of time, continuous improvement, and better utilization of resources is crucial for such systems. This paper discusses an approach to achieve production optimization by finding optimal sequences of orders, which yield high throughput using reinforcement learning. The feasibility of our approach is evaluated by simulating a plant modelled on a higher level of abstraction taken from a real assembly line. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated in the form of code utilizing the simulation model. The obtained results show promising accuracy of sequences against corresponding throughput during the simulation process. |
13,082 | Please write an abstract with title: A new design approach for fiber DFB lasers with improved efficiency, and key words: Optical design, Fiber lasers, Pump lasers, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Laser feedback, Optical fiber polarization, Optical feedback, Gratings, Distributed feedback devices, Laser theory. Abstract: The standard distributed feedback (DFB) laser optimization method is critically investigated and a new design approach based on the effective cavity length is presented. By applying this method in an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, the pump-to-signal conversion ratio is increased by 40% for the same total device length and pumping conditions. The laser with the proposed design is produced and the theoretical results are verified by the experimental work. |
13,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Compact Ultra-wideband Bandpass Filter Based on Improved Multi-mode Resonator, and key words: Band-pass filters, Couplings, Design methodology, Resonator filters, Resonant frequency, Insertion loss, Impedance. Abstract: This paper proposes an improved multi-mode resonator (MMR) composed by a folded third order stub-step impedance resonator (SIR) with four open-circuit stubs and a center short-circuit stub. Analysis and design procedure of the novel structure are presented in details. For demonstration, a compact UWB Bandpass filter with operating frequencies from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz is designed, fabricated and tested. With total size of 0.974$\lambda_{g}\times 0.186$ $\lambda_{g}$, the filter has advantages of low insertion loss and extremely broad stopband region up to 25 GHz. Good agreements between the simulation and measurement results primely verify the design method. |
13,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical study of quantum-correlated optical-terahertz biphotons, and key words: Correlation, Quantum mechanics, Apertures, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: We study the statistical properties of optical-terahertz biphotons generated by means of spontaneous parametric down conversion. Numerical dependence of the second-order correlation function is obtained depending on polar angular aperture. |
13,085 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Identification of Fuzzy Models through Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Particle swarm optimization, Fuzzy systems, Optimization methods, Educational institutions, Takagi-Sugeno model, Input variables, Mean square error methods, Equations, Performance analysis, Encoding. Abstract: This paper presents a framework for the identification of fuzzy models from the available input-output data through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Like other evolutionary algorithms, PSO is a population-based stochastic algorithm and is a member of the broad category of swarm intelligence techniques based on metaphor of social interaction. The suggested framework has the capability to identify optimized Mamdani and Singleton fuzzy models. For the presentation and validation of the proposed framework, the data from the rapid Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery charger developed by the authors has been used. |
13,086 | Please write an abstract with title: The Influence of Lighting on Human Circadian Rhythms, and key words: Sleep, Lighting, Light sources, Physiology, Electroencephalography, Heart rate variability, Circadian rhythm. Abstract: The mainly of the physiological measurement mode is measuring EEG and HRV, as an indicator to explore the impact on subject's non-subjective of the lighting, and using psychological questionnaires as subjective evaluation of the subject's physiological effects.The main purpose of this research is to look for a tunable intelligent light suitable for sleep. Subjects were a total of 30 (14 male and 16 female), mean age 23.83±0.86 years old. All subjects were required to subject to no light sleep, Good-night light sleep, and low-color-temperature light sleep. Their EEG and ECG are detected during the whole processing. Then through the analysis of HRV and EEG, observed the subject's quality of sleep. Experimental results of Good-night light is the subject's sleep for the δ wave impact of the significant rise. HRV part, nHFP strength portion are higher than no light sleep and low-color-temperature lighting sleep. This proved Good-night light really help to improve the quality of sleep. |
13,087 | Please write an abstract with title: The Use of AR Elements in the Teaching of Mathematics at a Technical University, and key words: Education, Augmented reality, Visualization, Games, Training, Tools, Informatics. Abstract: Virtual and augmented reality are a completely new technologies in the field of education. They are of great interest, but so far they have little use in education. They can complement the learning process, make it more accessible and fun. Schools and universities use elements of these technologies in the teaching of history, literature, biology, chemistry, physics, but there are practically no developments in the field of mathematics. Meanwhile, visualization in mathematics is a necessary condition for understanding the subject, increasing interest in it. The development of modern technology and its cost reduction has led to the fact that almost everyone has a smartphone. This allows the use of applications related to the subject of study. The younger generation is already living and developing surrounded by computer technology, mastering VR/ AR technology in a game form, creating projects in quantoriums. In order to keep up, the modern teacher is constantly engaged in self-education, improving his skills in the field of computer technology. Our research is based on the project method. Creating projects using AR / VR technologies in the study of mathematics at a technical university allows us to solve at least two problems. On the one hand, this is an increase of interest in the subject, a deeper immersion of students in it. It is also the creation of a bank of teaching materials. Such projects are created using AR technology based on Unity with the addition of Vuforia. The experience in creating such projects has shown the promise of this work. |
13,088 | Please write an abstract with title: Development the Flexibility Metric Incorporating Wind Power in the Presence of Energy Storage, and key words: wind power, uncertainty, variability, energy storage, flexibility metric, flexibility value. Abstract: Increasing the uncertainty and variability in power system both in generation and demand sides is one the main challenges in power system operation. So power system flexibility plays the main role in secure and reliable power system operation. Variable generation specially wind and solar are two main sources of flexibility decrement challenge in power system On the other hand energy storage equipment helps to overcome this challenge by insertion or absorption electrical energy by sufficient capacity and ramp rate. Flexibility metrics is a good tool for power system flexibility evaluation and can help to comprise the level of flexibility of power system in different situations especially in operational planning and real time operation. In this paper a new flexibility metric is developed for power system incorporated wind farm in the presence of energy storage equipment for power system flexibility evaluation. This metric includes two main parts of energy capacity and ramp rate of energy storage each of them improves the power system flexibility. The comparison of this metric with and without the energy storage can quantify the role of this equipment and also can be used for economic analysis by the concept of flexibility value. |
13,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Guided-mode Resonance Filter for Micro-optic Spectrometer, and key words: Reflection, Gratings, Resonator filters, Narrowband, Substrates, Broadband communication, Apertures. Abstract: Spectrometers are usually composed of diffraction gratings and prisms, and become large in size for high wavelength resolution. High-density integration of narrowband-pass filters of different wavelengths on a substrate can be expected to produce an ultra-compact spectrometer. We focused on guided-mode resonance (GMR) filters as such filters. The GMR filter consists of a thin-film waveguide and a sub-wavelength grating. GMR filters of different filtering wavelengths can be integrated in the same substrate because their periodic structure in refractive index spread along in-plane direction. On the other hand, GMR filter normally needs an aperture size and beam diameter of hundreds of microns and is not suitable for high-density integration. In this study, we proposed and investigated a GMR filter of a single-layer cross grating for a compact narrowband-pass filter. Different guided modes contributing to the broadband and narrowband reflection propagate orthogonally each other. By using simultaneously these guided modes, both reflections are cancelled at the competing wavelengths, resulting in high transmittance. In this paper, design examples with numerical simulation results are presented. It was predicted that a passband of 15 nm was obtained in the stopband of 200 nm for an incident beam of a 10-micron diameter. |
13,090 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Network Intrusion using an Efficient Feature Selection Method, and key words: Machine learning, Intrusion detection, Feature extraction, Decision trees, Logistics, Performance evaluation, Encoding. Abstract: Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a model for detecting malevolent attacks and illegitimate network access. Improved intrusion detection system can be achieved by adapting an efficient method in analyzing the characteristics of the network data and selecting it based on its importance. This work proposes a feature selection method by applying Random Forest method on the network data. The attributes are selected and analyzed with various machine learning classifiers like Naïve Bayesian, k-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression and Decision Tree. The performance of Decision Tree obtain is 99.95% which outperformed other classifiers. |
13,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Depth Time Reversal Modulation Technique for Ultrasonic Guided Waves-based Communications, and key words: Transducers, Aluminum, Modulation, Transforms, Switches, Reverberation, Standards. Abstract: Ultrasonic guided waves (GWs) have the peculiar capability to travel long distances with minimal attenuation; thus, they represent a compelling alternative which exploits the mechanical waveguide as a form of communication channel and the elastic waves as the signals carrying information. The objective of this work is to implement an effective GWs-based communication system which takes advantage of the channel reciprocity to counteract reverberations and multi-path fading inherent to the dispersive nature of GWs, simultaneously compensating the in-operation mutual interferences between active transducers. More in detail, a strategy based on the Time-Reversal (TR) method is considered, which is combined in an original fashion with a low-depth synthesis of the time-reversed waveforms to be compatible with low-cost switching amplifiers. Experiments performed by simulating the propagation in Aluminum plates suggested that a communication rate up to tenth of kHz can be achieved in presence of highly digitized wave-forms without losing the original information content. |
13,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantifying motion in video recordings of neonatal seizures by robust motion trackers based on block motion models, and key words: Video recording, Pediatrics, Robustness, Tracking, Biomedical imaging, Nervous system, Karhunen-Loeve transforms, Data mining, Biomedical engineering, Neurophysiology. Abstract: This paper introduces a methodology for the development of robust motion trackers for video based on block motion models. According to this methodology, the motion of a site between two successive frames is estimated by minimizing an error function defined in terms of the intensities at these frames. The proposed methodology is used to develop robust motion trackers that rely on fractional block motion models. The motion trackers developed in this paper are utilized to extract motor activity signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures. The experimental results reveal that the proposed motion trackers are more accurate and reliable than existing motion tracking methods relying on pure translation and affine block motion models. |
13,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Emergency Medical Assistance by Ambulance Drone Using Machine Learning, Light-Weight Cryptography and Variable Image Steganography, and key words: Steganography, Hospitals, Face recognition, Streaming media, Very large scale integration, Classification algorithms, Delays. Abstract: A huge amount of people suffer or eventually die every day waiting for the rescue vehicle to reach the spot on time. The primary cause for this delay is traffic jams, blockage in streets, inaccessibility of ambulance and so forth. An emergency ambulance drone or UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) could be a better feasible solution to this problem travel the aerial path and is unaffected by any terrestrial obstacles, as proposed in this paper. The ambulance drone would be controlled by a human sitting in the hospital control room. This would be the quickest possible medical assistance in case of an emergency. The drone would carry medical aid and using the patient's GPS location, which it receives from the mobile application, can reach the spot without any hindrance. Thereafter the drone can start the audio and video streaming of patient's data to the hospitals, medical centers and necessary instructions can be communicated to the nearby spectators or local doctors for using the right equipment (ECG, Pulse Sensor, Oximeter, etc) for patients diagnosis and detect the face with Haar cascade classifier and recognize the face with LBPH algorithm. In this, a comparative study has been done over face recognition between still and video images, the average accuracy of still and video images is 99.4% and 99.34% respectively. Also, for the situation, when doctors are not present in the hospital, an autonomous system has been designed with the help decision tree that can determine the probable cause of the disease by the patient. The secure information transfer is done via lightweight cryptography and Variable MSB – LSB Image steganography. |
13,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy-Based Prediction of Safety Participation from the Personal Factors of the Workers, and key words: Training, Statistical analysis, Government, Predictive models, Maintenance engineering, Safety, Reliability. Abstract: Safety participation is a significant factor in occupational accidents. Enhanced safety participation of the workforce is crucial for ensuring safety at the worksite. Personal factors of the workers are influencing the level of safety participation. This research paper attempts to predict the level of safety participation based on three major personal factors-job stress, social support, and self-esteem. Safety research survey conducted in an government electrical organisation used for this study. The relevant statistical analysis including validity, reliability, and factor analysis was performed before attempting the development of the prediction model using adaptive neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS). Training, checking, and testing of the data was performed using ANFIS were conducted and the estimated RSME values were found to be within the threshold. An app for predicting safety participation from the personal factor was also developed. Future researchers can use this research study to predict other safety factors from the individual factors. |
13,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated Heuristic Approaches to get Maximum Power from Fixed and Moving PV Solar Panel, and key words: Heuristic Methods, Renewable Energy Sources, Maximum Power Tracking, PV Solar Panel, Automatic Cleaning of Solar Panels etc.. Abstract: Global energy needs are increasing day by day due to industrialization and modernization which demands the requirement of extra power. At the same time, the generation of this excess power using non-renewable energy sources leads to increase of environmental issues. However, the efficiency of power generation through conventional PV solar panel is very less even though the Maximum Power Tracker (MPT) techniques have been used for the improvement of overall efficiency of conventional PV solar panels, but still, it is not up to the expected level. This is where, our paper proposes the heuristic approaches to improve the efficiency of conventional solar panels. The proposed heuristic approaches consist of a movable Dust Restrained Convex Glass Shield (DRCGS) over the MPT PV solar panel, similarly a movable DRCGS over the fixed PV solar panel and a gravity controlled automatic dust cleaning roller over the proposed DRCGS. These heuristic approaches are integrated on a hardware project using 4 different servo-motors and are programmed to operate together with solar panel and DRCGS. Through this proposed method, the DRCGS enhanced the output power during peak consumption hours i.e., 6 am to 9 am and 4 pm to 6 pm. Therefore, the proposed method achieved higher efficiency of PV Solar panels using heuristic approaches as compared to the conventional MPT PV Solar panels and from the existing fixed PV solar panels. |
13,096 | Please write an abstract with title: An Auxiliary Framework to Mitigate Measurement Inaccuracies Caused by Capacitive Voltage Transformers, and key words: Protective relaying, Transient analysis, Voltage measurement, Transformers, Circuit faults, Capacitors, Voltage transformers. Abstract: The substantial cost of voltage transformers in high- and extra-high-voltage levels has persuaded power engineers to widely utilize capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) in transmission systems. CVTs, however, demonstrate an inferior transient response in certain situations, which distorts their secondary voltages. Consequently, the voltage waveform produced by a CVT might not be an accurate stepped-down version of its primary voltage and can result in malfunction of power system components, such as overreaching of distance relays. This article proposes an auxiliary voltage-compensation-based framework to mitigate measurement inaccuracies caused by the weak transient response of CVTs. This framework enables power system components, such as relays, to work accurately when the secondary voltage of CVTs is distorted, without sacrificing their sensitivity and/or operation speed. The proposed method models a CVT with its state-space representation and uses unknown input observers to estimate the states of the CVT and its primary voltage, which is modeled as an unknown input. Thus, after implementing the proposed auxiliary framework, the estimated primary voltage of CVTs is used, instead of their distorted secondary voltages, in power system applications. The results of electromagnetic transient simulation in MATLAB/Simulink corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method under various conditions and prove its independence from system and fault parameters. |
13,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Increased Output Corruption and Structural Attack Resilience for SAT Attack Secure Logic Locking, and key words: Integrated circuits, Resilience, Logic gates, Electronics packaging, Table lookup, Security, Resistance. Abstract: Current out-of-cone logic locking methodologies provide resilience against the satisfiability (SAT) attack with minimal corruption of the outputs when comparing an activated and locked integrated circuit (IC). In addition, the structure of the modifications to the original logic leaks functional information of the circuit, which allows an adversary to determine the correct key. A novel logic locking methodology, CORruption adaptable logic locking (CORALL), is introduced in this article that provides increased security against the SAT attack for modified logic cones that require a large corruption of the primary outputs of the circuit, where the corruption is quantified by comparing between an activated and locked state of the IC. In addition, the modifications to the logic cone utilized by CORALL provide increased resilience against structural attacks. The CORALL architecture increases the number of iterations required to successfully execute a SAT attack for a flip function with 20 inputs by 34.41× over SFLL-HD n/4 and 82.36× over SFLL-Flex. In addition, a protected-cube selection process based on iterative cofactors is introduced, which provides varying logical functions of the perturb unit and maps portions of the logic of the perturb unit into the look-up tables (LUTs) of the CORALL architecture. The variation in the logical functions implemented by the perturb unit and the mapped functionality of the perturb unit into a LUT provide resistance to all current structural attacks on out-of-cone logic locking techniques. |
13,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Classifying Cognitive Performance by Sensing Electrodermal Activity in Children With Specific Learning Disorders, and key words: Pediatrics, Physiology, Heart rate variability, Cognition, Biomedical monitoring, Sensors, Medical treatment. Abstract: When children suffer from cognitive disorders, school performance and social environment are affected. Measuring changes in cognitive progress is essential for assessing the clinical follow-up of the patient's cognitive abilities. This process is considered as a challenge in ambulatory settings, where follow-ups should be non-invasive and continuous. Psychophysiological measures are an objective and unobtrusive evaluation alternative for recognizing cognitive changes. This paper aims to validate the relationship between cognition and the changes in physiological signals of children suffering from Specific Learning Disorders (SLD). This validation was carried out in an eHealth rehabilitation context (with the HapHop-Physio game). Electrodermal activity (EDA) signals were collected, processed, and analyzed through a machine learning approach. Obtained results were: a dataset built from wearable physiological data and a supervised classification model. The classification model can identify the children's cognitive performance (class) from the features of the tonic component of the EDA signal (attributes) with an accuracy of 79.95%. The presented results evidence that psychophysiological measures could allow for a highly objective follow-up for patients. They can also lead to creating a basis for further improvement of rehabilitation environments and developing neurofeedback applications. |
13,099 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control for induction servomotor systems, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Sliding mode control, Servomotors, Control systems, Design methodology, Adaptive systems, Stability. Abstract: An adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control design method is proposed for induction servomotor system control. The proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control system is comprised of a fuzzy controller and a compensation controller. The fuzzy controller is the main tracking controller, which is used to approximate an ideal computational controller. The compensation controller is designed to compensate for the difference between the ideal computational controller and the fuzzy controller. A tuning methodology is derived to tune the premise and consequence parts of the fuzzy rules. The online tuning algorithm is derived in the Lyapunov sense; thus, the stability of the control system can be guaranteed. Moreover, to relax the requirement for the uncertain bound in the compensation controller, an estimation mechanism is investigated to observe the uncertain bound, so that the chattering phenomena of the control efforts can be relaxed. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method, a comparison between a conventional fuzzy control and the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control is made. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control design method can achieve favorable control performance with regard to parameter variations and external disturbances. |
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