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13,100 | Please write an abstract with title: Error-less colour correction, and key words: Error correction, Color, Reflectivity, Least squares methods, Humans, Quadratic programming, Cameras, Nonlinear filters, Uncertainty, Power distribution. Abstract: Colour correction is the problem of mapping device dependent RGBs to standard CIE XYZs. Traditionally it is solved for by an error minimising one-to-one linear transform. However this problem is ill-posed. There exist multiple reflectances, known as metamers, which induce the same RGB but different XYZs (and vice versa). In this paper, we propose that this ill-posedness might be viewed positively. Indeed, that it leads to an error-less transform for colour correction. We propose that a mapping is error-less if it takes an RGB to an XYZ such that there exists a real reflectance spectrum which integrates to this RGB-XYZ pair. We show how we can solve for a mapping which satisfies this error-less criterion. As in previous studies, we seek a linear transform that is error-less. We show that we can solve for such a transform by quadratic programming. Experiments demonstrate 3 important results. First, that a linear least squares transform is not error-less. Specifically, saturated RGB-XYZ pairs do not correspond to a plausible reflectance. Second, there exists a linear transform that is error-less. Finally, that the best error-less transform performs almost as well as least-squares, but substantially better for saturated colours. It is possible to map RGB to XYZ with zero error. |
13,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Crop Monitoring and Automatic Weed Detection using Drone, and key words: Crops, Spraying, Signal processing, Real-time systems, Agriculture, Artificial intelligence, Monitoring. Abstract: The effective farming means lossless farming which is a desired need of current scenario, since the cost of farming is increasing continuously. Weeds are a big problem in agriculture because it is major part of agricultural losses. Nowadays, herbicides are sprayed uniformly throughout the field to control the weed. This method is not only expensive but also have bad impacts on environment and human health. Therefore, an automatic system is needed for spot spray. Improvement in drone technology leads to availability of high payload drone that are suitable for pesticides spraying. Embedded system programed with deep learning when use to control the drone then it will be possible to spray the herbicides at desired place. This paper discusses the artificial intelligence (AI) based crop monitoring and weed detection system that are suitable for spot herbicides spraying. |
13,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Open Circuit Switch Fault Detection in Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters, and key words: Switches, Voltage measurement, Multilevel converters, Capacitors, Legged locomotion, Location awareness, Sensors. Abstract: This article proposes a simple and fast active power device open circuit fault detection and localization technique. The proposed technique applies to the family of flying capacitor multilevel converters (FCMCs), including dc/dc FCMCs, single or multi-phase H-bridge FCMCs, and cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters. The localization technique needs to sense the voltage and direction of current at the output terminals of converters to detect and localize the fault. A circuit with multiple window detectors is utilized to track the output voltage level and current direction with high bandwidth. The algorithm compares the measured and expected terminal voltage, considering the commanded switch states and the terminal current direction. Once potential fault locations are identified, healthy switches are filtered out from the set of potential faulty switches over successive switching transitions. The proposed technique is experimentally validated on a single phase H-bridge FCMC. The switch state commands and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is handled by a DSP while the fault detection and localization algorithm is implemented on a separate field programmable gate array (FPGA). The asynchronous operation of the DSP and FPGA is discussed. |
13,103 | Please write an abstract with title: One Shoot In-Door Surveillance Module Based On MCA Associative Memory, and key words: Surveillance, Training, Videos, Streaming media, Associative memory, Convergence, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Several studies and researches had been made to develop In-Door Surveillance module. Most of them had depended on traditional techniques tend to be more complicated. After revolutionary development in Artificial intelligence that simulates the human brain, many industrial companies has started to build more efficient and intelligent surveillance systems depending on artificial intelligence techniques. Thus, this research would deal with an Indoor surveillance module depending on non-traditional techniques, which is Multi-Connect Architecture Associative Memory (MMCA). The proposed module would process any given pre-processed image-stream and decide whether it is secured or non-secured case. This process had been done by training the proposed module with one selected secured image. The study found that accuracy values were between (74.6 - 97.2%). Accuracy was almost around 95% which is considered a promising results in real-time of execution. |
13,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Nanofunctionalisation for the Treatment of Peripheral Nervous System Injuries, and key words: Nervous system, Injuries, Nonhomogeneous media, Atomic force microscopy, Electrostatics, Self-assembly, Page description languages, Assembly, Condition monitoring, Employee welfare. Abstract: A construct based on the electrostatic layer-by-layer self assembly technique has been fabricated, to be used as a tailored device to encourage nerve regeneration. A multilayered nanocoating composed by three precursor bilayers of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes followed by bilayers of poly-D-lysine (PDL) and antibody specific to transforming growth factor beta1 (anti-TGF-beta1) has been deposited on HYAFF 11reg. Initially the assembly process has been monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in order to select the optimal working conditions for nanocoating deposition. Structural studies of the resulting multilayers confirmed stepwise deposition of anti-TGF-beta1 with an average layer thickness of 2.6 nm and an average layer mass of 117 ng. Atomic force microscopy has been used to characterize multilayer uniformity. Finally, the immunological activity of the multilayered structure has been assessed. The results show that anti-TGF-beta1 can be included in its active form in a predetermined multilayered structure onto HYAFF11reg with quantitative control of layer thickness and weight, providing a high potential tool in tissue engineering |
13,105 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved RLS-based Interference Cancellation, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Power demand, Interference cancellation, Signal processing algorithms, Estimation, Interference, Detectors. Abstract: An improved algorithm for mitigating the effect of power line interference in electrocardiogram (ECG) recording systems is presented. The proposed algorithm includes an interference detector (ID), an interference fundamental frequency estimator (IFFE), and an interference estimator (IE). The ID is used to evaluate the existence of the interference before recording. If it is present, the IFFE and IE are employed in the next steps. In the absence of interference, the observed signal is directly sent to the recorder and monitor. The presence of the ID can improve the performance of the system in terms of computational efficiency and system speed. The IFFE can track the variation of the interference frequency. Extensive computer simulations were run to demonstrate the performance of the proposed system. |
13,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Fuel Switch to Methanol on the Design of an all Electric Cruise Ship, and key words: decarbonization, maritime transport, cruise ship, methanol, redesign. Abstract: Current climate change policies require the reduction of both greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions of the marine sector. To achieve such a goal, the use of non-fossil fuels is one of the proposed solutions. Specifically, methanol has several advantages in respect to other fuels (both fossil and non-fossil), providing a feasible near-term solution for a more sustainable maritime transport. However, since methanol presents different characteristics in respect to actual fossil fuels, it is required to carefully evaluate the effect of its onboard integration on a ship to determine both the technical and economic feasibility of transitioning the onboard power production to such a fuel. The study presented in this paper analyzes the consequences deriving from equipping a modern all electric expedition cruise ship with methanol fuel, considering both technical and economic aspects. |
13,107 | Please write an abstract with title: A fair distributed packet scheduling algorithm for wireless LANs, and key words: Scheduling algorithm, Wireless LAN, Local area networks, Throughput, Delay, Round robin, Personal digital assistants, Quality of service, Mobile computing, Computer science. Abstract: In this paper, a packet scheduling algorithm called distributed elastic round robin (DERR) suitable for operation in a distributed environment is proposed to provide fair scheduling for the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN. By simulations, we show that DERR possesses slightly improved performance in throughput and delay and exhibits better fairness than distributed deficit round robin (DDRR), which is a previously proposed fair scheduling algorithm in the literature. |
13,108 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Cost-Effective IoT-Based Traffic Flow Detection Scheme for Smart Roads, and key words: Microwave measurement, Microwave integrated circuits, Microwave communication, Feature extraction, Doppler radar, Velocity measurement, Microwave FET integrated circuits. Abstract: Autonomous driving is expected to be realized in the future with the development of information and communication technology (ICT). However, the reliability of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in complex environments needs major improvement. To facilitate the autonomous driving, high-precision and low-cost traffic flow detection is essential for driving decision and traffic surveillance, and has drawn increasing attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we propose a novel cost-effective IoT-based traffic flow detection scheme with particular focuses on vehicle counting and speed measurement. To this end, microwave Doppler radar sensors with a unit price of $2.3 are utilized to collect the traffic data of passing vehicles on the road. Then, a multi-threshold detection algorithm is proposed to extract features for vehicle counting and speed measurement. After this, experiments are carried out in different scenarios to evaluate the proposed traffic flow detection scheme. The results validate the high-precision detection with average 98.3% vehicle counting accuracy and 95.8% speed measurement accuracy. |
13,109 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and optimization of a digital FM receiver using DPLL techniques, and key words: Design optimization, Demodulation, Frequency modulation, Phase locked loops, Digital filters, Band pass filters, Sampling methods, Bandwidth, Application software, Computational modeling. Abstract: It is a well known fact that the performance of the phase - locked loop (PLL) used as an FM demodulator may be superior to that of the conventional FM receiver in some respects. Therefore in this paper a digital approach to FM demodulation based on the digital PLL (DPLL) principle is investigated. The demodulator together with a digital IF filter and an effective method of sampling the FM signal at minimum sampling rate may be applied as a digital FM stereo receiver for broadcasting. For this application, the design and optimization of the digital receiver are discussed and results of a simulation on an all-purpose computer are presented. |
13,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic Shielding for Electric Car Power Cables, and key words: Magnetic shielding, Power cables, Magnetometers, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic noise, Powders, Cable shielding. Abstract: In this article, the effect of different magnetic shielding materials for electric car power cables has been studied using finite element analysis (FEA), verified by experimental results. Bearing in mind the complex spectrum modulation, typically using pulsewidth modulation (PWM), a magnetic field shielding up to 2 kHz is required. Therefore, magnetic shielding was studied for frequencies of 2 kHz, 50 Hz, and dc field. The employed magnetic shielding materials were high permeability layers, such as permalloy, as well as composites based on resin matrix including flakes or powders from nanocrystalline ribbons, such as nanocrystalline FINAMET ribbons. Magnetic shielding was studied for cable illustrating good shielding ability using a combination of Cu and permalloy sheets for frequencies up to 2 kHz. Furthermore, magnetic shielding was studied for the case of floor shielding, where permalloy appeared to be an acceptable shielding solution. |
13,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Requirements for Prescriptive Recommender Systems Extending the Lifetime of EV Batteries, and key words: Decision support systems, Batteries, Recommender systems, Maintenance engineering, Degradation, Data models. Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles are subject to degradation, which is strongly influenced by the actions of vehicle users. Hereby, inexperienced users can cause the battery to reach its end of life state earlier than average. For this reason, this paper proposes the concept of a prescriptive recommender system that supports users in planning their utilization actions. The paper identifies functionalities of decision support systems relevant to extend the lifetime of electric and electronic systems. This allows to determe generic functional and non-functional requirements for prescriptive recommender systems. Further, the derived requirements are discussed in connection to the practicability of a prescriptive recommender system. |
13,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Common Mode Interference Modeling and Measurement for Cascaded Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System Module, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Couplings, Current measurement, Electromagnetic interference, Windings, Transformers, Electromagnetic compatibility. Abstract: Modular design and medium voltage grid connection are the mainstream of large-scale photovoltaic power generation system in recent years. Investigation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) characters of cascaded modular photovoltaic system is the basis for the implementation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design. This paper analyzes the coupling mechanism of common mode interference in the module units of cascaded photovoltaic grid-connected system. On this basis, a common mode coupling model of multi-winding transformer and a high-frequency common mode interference model of module unit are proposed. The measurement results on a prototype verified the proposed model. |
13,113 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Linear Regression Feature Selection Method for Data Sets With Unknown Noise, and key words: Feature extraction, Face recognition, Linear regression, Estimation, Training, Data models, Task analysis. Abstract: The linear regression model is simple in form and easy to estimate; nevertheless, irrelevant features will raise the difficulty of its tasks. Feature selection is generally adopted to improve the model performance. Unfortunately, traditional regression feature selection methods may not work for data with noise or outliers. Although some robust methods for certain specific error distributions have been proposed, they may not perform well because the distribution of representation error is often unknown for real data. This paper proposes a regression feature selection method for unknown noise named Mixture of Gaussians LASSO (MoG-LASSO), in which feature selection and model training will be achieved simultaneously. MoG is adopted to model unknown noises, and M-estimation is used to acquire the weighted squared error loss. By alternatively and iteratively updating the regression coefficient and parameters of MoG, the influence of unknown noise can be reduced effectively. Furthermore, MoG-LASSO achieves feature selection by the $L_{1}$ regularization term, which can further improve the performance of the model. Experimental results on artificial data and benchmark data sets demonstrate that MoG-LASSO has better robustness and sparsity for data sets with irrelevant features. Additionally, experimental results on face recognition databases show the performance advantage of MoG-LASSO over state-of-the-art methods in the presence of illumination variations. |
13,114 | Please write an abstract with title: Legendre Polynomials-Based Displacement Field Reconstruction of Plate-Type Structures With Quasi-Distributed FBG Sensors, and key words: Sensors, Displacement measurement, Strain, Strain measurement, Fiber gratings, Capacitive sensors, Sensor arrays. Abstract: Structural deformation estimation is of great interest for many engineering fields, such as aerospace structures, antenna panels, and so on. During operation, however, the direct measurement of global displacements is often difficult, due to the limits of installation space and electromagnetic interference. This article proposed a displacement field reconstruction method for deformed plate-type structures using discrete curvature measurements and a polynomial superposition approach. Specifically, the displacement field is expressed as a linear superposition of the Legendre polynomial basis functions, where the weight coefficients are calculated using the discrete curvatures captured by a quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array and the given boundary conditions. This method overcomes the drawback of error accumulation in other curvature-based methods due to the use of recursion operations. In addition, the curvature fitting and the determination of the number of polynomial basis functions were also presented to obtain the best reconstruction quality. Simulations and experiments have been conducted to validate the proposed method. The simulation results show that the displacement reconstruction precisions are more than 99% for two types of complex deformations. Experiments were carried out on an aluminum plate and a phased-array antenna panel, respectively. The results show that the reconstructed displacements of the reference points match well with those measured displacements, and the reconstruction precision exceeds 96%. This proposed curvature-based approach has high potential to global displacement monitoring of plate-type structures used in aerospace and antenna industrial fields. |
13,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust temperature control of MSF desalination plants with coefficient diagram method, and key words: Robust control, Temperature control, Desalination, Control systems, Design methodology, Uncertainty, Polynomials, Closed loop systems, Stability criteria, System performance. Abstract: Design of a controller sufficiently robust to the parametric uncertainties for the plant parameters is an important problem. Coefficient diagram method (CDM) is shown to be an efficient control technique to solve this problem. The controller design by CDM is based on the choice of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the closed loop system according to the convenient performance criteria such as equivalent time constant, and stability indices. In this study, the controllers are designed for three temperature loops of large multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination system by using CDM; then, obtained time domain characteristics are compared with the results of some other methods, It is shown that CDM design is more stable and robust whilst giving the desired time domain system performance. |
13,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Recursive least squares constant modulus algorithm for blind adaptive array, and key words: Least squares methods, Adaptive arrays, Array signal processing, Least squares approximation, Cost function, Resonance light scattering, Convergence, Antenna arrays, Signal processing algorithms, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: We consider the problem of blind adaptive signal separation with an antenna array, based on the constant modulus (CM) criterion. An approximation to the CM cost function is proposed, which allows the use of the recursive least squares (RLS) optimization technique. A novel RLS constant modulus algorithm (RLS-CMA) is derived, where the modulus power of the array output can take on arbitrary positive real values (i.e., fractional values allowed). Simulations are performed to compare the performance of the proposed RLS-CMA to other well-known algorithms for blind adaptive beamforming. Results indicate that the RLS-CMA has a significantly faster convergence rate and better tracking ability. |
13,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of slide mode control to a current-mode-controlled boost converter, and key words: Sliding mode control, Chaos, Switches, Bifurcation, Circuits, Voltage control, DC-DC power converters, Switching converters, Inductors, Clocks. Abstract: We first study the behavior of a current-mode-controlled boost converter and exhibit its chaotic behavior (when the duty cycle exceeds 50%). We then introduce a practical method (sliding mode control) aiming at totally eliminating chaos and at keeping the desired current-controlled property. Indeed, the standard method (slope compensation) only partly cures this major drawback: even though it eliminates chaos, the converter is not current-controlled any more. Our control method does not only provide stability, it also increases the input voltage variation domain for which the system remains stable. The sliding-mode controlled converter always remains current-controlled, i.e. independently of the duty cycle. We finally establish a mathematical modeling of the whole circuit (close-loop) and study its performance in detail. |
13,118 | Please write an abstract with title: A RP image-based health indicator construction method for wind turbine RUL prediction, and key words: Temperature dependence, Pollution, Wind energy, Time series analysis, SCADA systems, Predictive models, Feature extraction. Abstract: New clear energy is critical to prevent global environment pollution and as one of the major wind energy conductors, wind turbines play important roles. Considering low-sampling rate and high noise from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, a novel image-based method with deep learning model is proposed for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of wind turbine gearbox in this paper. Firstly, recurrent plot image method is introduced for transforming one-dimension temperature signals to two-dimension images to describe dependency of time series. Then, a residual-based autoencoder model is utilized for deeper feature extraction from images. Finally, a end-to-end model based on health indicator labels is used for RUL prediction. An experiment result based on signals from SCADA validated the effectiveness of proposed method. |
13,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Turbo equalizations for broadband transmission on category 6 cable, and key words: Copper, Intersymbol interference, Ethernet networks, Convolutional codes, Modulation coding, AWGN, Communication cables, Next generation networking, Binary phase shift keying, Convolution. Abstract: The IEEE is interested in specifying the next generation 10 Gbps copper cable Ethernet network, termed 10GBASE-T. In the design of a 10GBASE-T transmission system over up to 100 meters of a standard category 6 cable, the equalization of widely spread channel impulse responses is one of the most challenging problems. In this paper, we investigate various turbo equalization techniques, applicable to this problem, and present performance for links using a 1/2 rate recursive systematic convolutional code in BPSK modulation. |
13,120 | Please write an abstract with title: GIDL simulation and optimization for 0.13 /spl mu/m/1.5 V low power CMOS transistor design, and key words: Design optimization, Tunneling, Space exploration, CMOS process, Medical simulation, MOS devices, Power measurement, Predictive models, Cost function, Current measurement. Abstract: In this work, we calibrate a BTBT model based on measured GIDL data, and incorporate the model into our process/device simulations to directly correlate process with device performance and leakage. For the first time, we quantitatively explore an overall picture of tradeoffs between device leakage and performance as functions of process conditions. The explored design space has been used in process optimization for our 0.13 /spl mu/m/1.5 V low power (LP) CMOS transistors. We demonstrate that such predictive TCAD simulations to determine and optimize process conditions can effectively reduce development time and cost. We describe GIDL mechanisms in our 0.13 /spl mu/m/1.5 V LP transistors, and explain, via simulations, that the measured GIDL current manifests different IN behaviors depending on whether the dominant BTBT location is at the gate oxide/Si interface or below in the Si bulk. |
13,121 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multifunctional and Robust Learning Approach for Human Motion Modelling, and key words: Human motion, representation learning, broad learning, machine learning. Abstract: Human motion modelling plays an important role in the automation of the robot systems, including human motion recognition and generation. The problem is often intractable since it requires high-dimensional sequential data modelling as well as capturing both spatial and temporal correlations from motion videos. In the paper, a multifunctional and robust learning approach called broad conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (BCRBM) for human motion modelling is introduced, which employs CRBM for motion generation and broad learning system (BLS) for motion recognition. The proposed hybrid broad CRBM model has many advantages from four aspects. (1) This one-off trained model can be simultaneously employed to recognize and generate human motions with outstanding performance; (2) Without deep architecture and with the help of broad learning system, it shows out better capability in different motion generation and recognition over deep models; (3) It is more efficient as its learning process no longer need the time-consuming two-phases learning, namely pre-training and fine-tuning for deep models; (4) It is still a probabilistic graph model that has better robustness for noisy samples compared with deterministic models. These advantages are both verified and evaluated with a number of experiments, where 2D MOCAP datasets are employed. |
13,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Modular neural networks for map-matched GPS positioning, and key words: Neural networks, Global Positioning System, Satellite broadcasting, Computer networks, Roads, Satellite navigation systems, Military satellites, Artificial neural networks, Information systems, Position measurement. Abstract: This paper provides an overview of work undertaken over the past year to develop artificial neural network (ANN) techniques to improve the accuracy and reliability of road selection during map-matching computation. Map matching positions provided by low-cost GPS receivers have great potential when integrated with hand-held or in-vehicle geographical information system (GIS) applications, especially those used for tracking and navigation, on path and road networks. Initial results indicate that improvements in map-matching and positional accuracy can indeed be achieved by using simple ANNs over traditional methods. This earlier work is extended to incorporate more complex procedures and, hopefully, produce further improvements. Recent results are presented, and planned research is explained. Further results and conclusions of this on-going research are published in due course. |
13,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Deceleration Control using the Power Regenerative Brake to Improve the Ride Comfort in the Electric Vehicle, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Synchronous motors, Generators, Switching circuits, Electric vehicles, Capacitance, Switches. Abstract: Ride comfort of regenerative brake in the electric vehicle is studied. Experiment device is consisted of the 3-phase synchronous motor, rotational load and the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) as the energy storage. The rotational load simulates the kinetic energy of the EV. The control method before improvement, large deceleration is generated when regenerative braking starts. It is caused by large current flowing into the circuit. As a result, regenerative energy is large. Thus, target value of deceleration is set. And deceleration control is studied by limitation of the current value by duty ratio control of the switching device in the circuit. And then it is a problem to be generated a large jerk when braking starts. To improve this problem, the drive motor is controlled by the speed command value given from the PC. As a result, current is suppressed and it is possible to be deceleration control on the target value. |
13,124 | Please write an abstract with title: Increasing the performance of CDNs using replication and caching: a hybrid approach, and key words: Web server, Delay, Performance gain, Analytical models, Availability, Computer science, Educational technology, Informatics, Web pages, Predictive models. Abstract: Caching and replication have emerged as the two primary techniques for reducing the delay experienced by end users when downloading Web pages. Even though these techniques may benefit from each other, previous research work tends to focus on either one of them separately. In this paper we investigate the potential performance gains by using a CDN server both as a replicator and as a proxy server. We assume a common storage space for both techniques, and develop an analytical model that characterizes caching performance under various system parameters. Based on the models predictions, we can reason whether it is beneficial to reduce the caching space in order to allocate extra replicas. The resulting problem of finding which object replicas should be created where, given that any free space is used for caching, is NP-complete. Therefore, we propose a hybrid heuristic algorithm (based on the greedy paradigm), in order to solve the combined replica placement and storage allocation problem. Our simulation results indicate that a simple LRU caching scheme can considerably improve the response time of HTTP requests, when utilized over a replication-based infrastructure. |
13,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-based risk assessment to improve enterprise security, and key words: Risk management, Risk analysis, Security, Failure analysis, Telecommunications, Informatics, Laboratories, Performance evaluation, Research and development, Unified modeling language. Abstract: The main objective of the CORAS project is to provide methods and tools for precise, unambiguous, and efficient risk assessment of security critical systems. To this end, we advocate a model-based approach to risk assessment, and define the required models for this. Whereas traditional risk assessment is performed without any formal description of the target of evaluation or results of the risk assessment, CORAS aims to provide a well defined set of models well suited to (1) describe the target of assessment at the right level of abstraction, (2) as a medium for communication between different groups of stakeholders involved in a risk assessment, and (3) to document risk assessment results and the assumptions on which these results depend. We propose models for each step in a risk assessment process and report results of use. |
13,126 | Please write an abstract with title: Recovery of the control plane after failures in ASON/GMPLS networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Routing, Automatic control, Protection, Network topology, Communication system control, Communication networks, Information technology, Information management, Technology management. Abstract: A reliable control plane plays a crucial role in creating high-level services in the next-generation transport network based on the generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) or automatically switched optical networks (ASON) model. Approaches to control-plane survivability, based on protection, and restoration mechanisms, are examined. Procedures for the control plane state recovery are discussed, including link and node failure recovery |
13,127 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel LNTA-first Carrier Leakage Suppression Receiver Front-End with Low Noise Figure and High Sensitivity for UHF RFID Reader, and key words: Noise figure, Sensitivity, Conferences, Receivers, CMOS process, System-on-chip, Impedance. Abstract: A novel on-chip carrier leakage suppression receiver front-end with low noise figure and high sensitivity for ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is proposed exploring a low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA)-first architecture. A 4-path passive mixer and a LNTA are adopted to transfer the baseband band-pass property to the mixer and receiver input and form a band-stop input impedance. As a result, the obvious impedance and gain difference between in-band and carrier signal is the key to achieving leakage suppression. Furthermore, the gain of the LNTA can effectively minimize the noise contribution from subsequent stages of the receiver to reduce noise figure and improve sensitivity. Implemented in a 55nm CMOS process, the noise figure of the LNTA-first receiver front-end is 15.7dB at the offset frequency of 600kHz, which is 4.2dB lower than the mixer-first, so the sensitivity is improved. Furthermore, the carrier leakage rejection ratio is 51dB, which is 1.5dB higher than the mixer-first. The results indicate that the LNTA-first receiver is more promising than the mixer-first in NF and sensitivity without sacrificing leakage suppression for UHF RFID applications. |
13,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel photo resist stripping for single wafer environmentally friendly process, and key words: Resists, Scanning probe microscopy, Temperature, Chemicals, Costs, Testing, Implants, Green cleaning, Strips, Pollution measurement. Abstract: We have developed the resist stripping method having an extremely high stripping performance by single wafer process (SHARK Cleaning). In this study, we tried the improvement of the running cost that was the disadvantage of the SHARK cleaning. As a result, we drastically improved the chemical consumption maintaining the resist stripping performance by heating H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and optimizing the mixture ratio of the chemicals. Therefore, a cost reduction and environmentally friendly process with a high stripping performance were possible. |
13,129 | Please write an abstract with title: MEME - a society of virtual characters in an adaptive information sharing system, and key words: Adaptive systems, Feedback, Machine learning, Fans, Lifting equipment, Computer science, Information systems, Avatars, Character generation, Information retrieval. Abstract: Messaging systems are essential for circulating information within an organization, yet currently the e-mail-based exchange of information does not take advantage of technologies that could change many aspects of the way we communicate. Here we focus on the MEME system that supports information-sharing communities. Within the messaging system each community or individual users are represented as virtual characters or avatars that react to the semantics and other features of the content being shared. Our goal is to develop models guiding the behavior of virtual characters that express such features of information as semantic relevance, timeliness or even intentions of system users. Machine learning techniques are applied to generate models of information and control the behavior of virtual characters that populate the system. |
13,130 | Please write an abstract with title: Player Modeling using Behavioral Signals in Competitive Online Games, and key words: Scientific computing, Computational modeling, Games, Predictive models, Data models, Behavioral sciences, Computational intelligence. Abstract: Competitive online games use rating systems to match players with similar skills to ensure a satisfying experience for players. In this paper, we focus on the importance of addressing different aspects of playing behavior when modeling players for creating match-ups. To this end, we engineer several behavioral features from a dataset of over 75,000 battle royale matches and create player models based on the retrieved features. We then use the created models to predict ranks for different groups of players in the data. The predicted ranks are compared to those of three popular rating systems. Our results show the superiority of simple behavioral models over mainstream rating systems. Some behavioral features provided accurate predictions for all groups of players while others proved useful for certain groups of players. The results of this study highlight the necessity of considering different aspects of the player’s behavior such as goals, strategy, and expertise when making assignments. |
13,131 | Please write an abstract with title: Higher Granular Sectoral Demand Forecast Under Data Scarcity: An Integrated Physics-Based Top–Down and Bottom–Up Approach, and key words: Biological system modeling, Load modeling, Predictive models, Adaptation models, Estimation, Power demand, Forecasting. Abstract: The proliferation of renewable distributed energy resources and transportation electrification has created new challenges for the utilities in integrating these new technologies. Consequently, the utilities and electric distribution companies need to adapt their current business models to maintain service reliability, while higher granular data scarcity hinders accurate decision-making processes. In this context, this article proposes an integrated top–down bottom–up approach that aims at estimating the essential higher granular demand data through a two-layer physics-based framework. In the top–down model, various economic-demographic regression models are developed to unlock higher granular demand in geographic areas and technology/policy adoptions, while in the bottom–up layer, our in-house-developed physics-based building simulator is employed to simulate sectoral disaggregated demand patterns. The simulation error is modeled by the least-squares estimation of a Fourier series, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and long short-term memory (LSTM) network, where the numerical results show the superiority of the LSTM in capturing the simulation errors. To reveal the merits of the proposed hierarchical framework, the state of New Jersey in the US is chosen as the test case directed by the Energy Master Plan to pursue a set of targets by 2021, which is the target year in this article, while data scarcity is in place. |
13,132 | Please write an abstract with title: A Learnable Blur Kernel for Remote Sensing Image Retrieval, and key words: Remote sensing, Kernel, Image retrieval, Feature extraction, Visualization, Sports, Task analysis. Abstract: With the explosive increase of remote sensing images, content-based remote sensing image retrieval (CBRSIR) has aroused widespread attention. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based methods are widely used in CBRSIR due to the development of deep learning. However, common used CNN models have difficulties in holding shift-invariant property due to the widely used down-sampling method, which means a little shift of input may cause a mutation of feature representation. To mitigate the absence of shift-invariant in down-sampling, we propose the learnable blur kernel (LBK), that can enhance the feature extraction capability by leveraging more context information. We build on this concept without extra cost, which can be simply integrated with modern CNNs architecture. Our method is validated on the public remote sensing dataset and compared with other retrieval methods. The overall experimental results show that the proposed method achieves outstanding performance. |
13,133 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Optical Fiber Sensor Localization Based on the Partial Discharge Ultrasonic Characteristics in Long-Distance XLPE Cables, and key words: Partial discharges, Optical fiber cables, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Delays, Power cables. Abstract: To improve the safety and antielectromagnetic interference performance of partial discharge detection in high-voltage DC cables, partial discharge of cables is used as a criterion for characterizing insulation defects. An ultrasonic detection method for the partial discharge of optical fiber detection is carried out in a long-distance high-voltage DC operating environment. By analyzing the partial discharge mechanism and ultrasonic characteristics of DC cables, a correlation model between partial discharge ultrasonic waves and discharge quantity is established. The partial discharge charge of several common insulation defects is obtained experimentally, and an ultrasonic characteristic Sagnac fiber detection system is realized. Standard ultrasonic time domain signal detection and fiber-optic sensing probe directional experiments are performed. The influence of fiber sensing probes with different lengths on the sensitivity of partial discharge signals is investigated based on the frequency distribution characteristics of partial discharges. The ultrasonic wave is measured based on a fiber-optic probe and can perform multipoint detection, and the partial discharge of the ±320 kV flexible DC transmission system was tested based on the developed optical fiber sensing system. The experimental results show that the partial discharge signal detection of 6 km long cable can be realized, and the localization accuracy is less than ±80 m. It provides a practical monitoring method for the perception of long-distance transmission equipment operating states. |
13,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthesis, Research and Comparative Analysis of Predictive Control Algorithms, and key words: Prediction algorithms, Mathematical model, Optimal control, Heuristic algorithms, Delays, Switches, Turbines. Abstract: The problem of a comparative analysis of the most promising predictive algorithms for optimal control: nonlinear time optimal algorithm, linear quadratic algorithm LQ and typical PID algorithm with prediction delivered and solve in the work. On example of the automatic stabilization system steam pressure before the turbine of atomic power water-water reactor VVER-1000 produced by synthesis, simulation and research of qualitative characteristics of the listed systems. Comparison of transients, which showed that linear predictive algorithms are quite capable to compete with the best to date, non-linear time optimal algorithm. While taking note of the strengths and weaknesses of regulators, to broad commercialization in electrical systems are recommended for predictive PID controllers; in pneumatic and hydraulic systems of preference is given to time optimal controls; LQ regulators can be used on systems with an integral component in the object or in the executive mechanism with taking into account their cost and typical regulators cost. |
13,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Target Tracking on Sensing Surface with Electrical Impedance Tomography, and key words: Surface impedance, Target tracking, Hidden Markov models, Signal processing algorithms, Kinematics, Sensors, Surface treatment. Abstract: An emerging class of applications uses sensing surfaces, where sensor data is collected from a 2-dimensional surface covering a large spatial area. Sensing surface applications range from observing human activity to detecting failures of construction materials. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technology, which has been successfully applied to imaging in several important application domains such as medicine, geophysics, and process industry. EIT is a low-cost technology offering high temporal resolution, which makes it a potential technology sensing surfaces. In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of EIT algorithms for tracking a small moving object on a 2D sensing surface. We compare standard EIT algorithms for this purpose and develop a method which models the movement of a small target on a sensing surface using hidden Markov models (HMM). Existing EIT methods are geared towards high image quality instead of smooth target trajectories, which makes them suboptimal for target tracking. Numerical experiments indicate that our proposed method outperforms existing EIT methods in target tracking accuracy. |
13,136 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved WGAN-Based Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Noise reduction, Rolling bearings, Training data, Benchmark testing, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: The generative adversarial network (GAN) has been extensively applied in the field of fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under data imbalance. However, it still suffers from unstable training and poor quality of generated data, especially when training data is extremely scarce. To deal with these problems, an improved Wasserstein generative adversarial network (IWGAN)-based fault diagnosis method is put forward in this article. A classifier is introduced into the discriminator for gaining label information, thus the model will be trained in a supervised way to enhance stability. In addition, the matching mechanism of feature map is considered to ameliorate the quality of generated fault data. Then, by blending original data with generated data, a fault diagnosis method, by using stacked denoising autoencoder, is designed to realize fault diagnosis. Finally, the availability of proposed model is verified on the benchmark fault dataset from Case Western Reserve University. The results of the comparative experiments strongly indicate that IWGAN can not only effectively strengthen the balance of the original data but also enhance the diagnosing precision of rolling bearings. |
13,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer-controlled testing for improving ferrite core memory design, and key words: Testing, Ferrites, Control systems, Analog computers, Instruments, Voltage, Pulse measurements, Pulse generation, Manuals, Hysteresis. Abstract: Recently developed programmable instrumentation allows computer methods to be applied in solving core memory test programs. Digital computers improve the quantitative and qualitative analysis of core data by automatically controlling pulse currents and acquiring actual data from direct reading sample-and-hold or peak-and-hold discriminators. Measurement and analysis techniques which were previously impractical using manual methods may now be employed. |
13,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Networks Using Full-Band and Subband Spatial Features for Mask Based Source Separation, and key words: Deep learning, Measurement, Time-frequency analysis, Source separation, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Array signal processing, Spatial diversity. Abstract: With a microphone array, spatial diversity can be exploited to estimate time-frequency masks that effectively suppress interfering speakers as well as noise. Here, we propose a deep learning approach where the signal components are distinguished based on the associated directions of arrival. To capture the target signal spectrogram more accurately, the estimation can be performed for each subband separately. In order to also take advantage of cross-band dependencies, we additionally consider a combined subband and full-band architecture. Our evaluation indicates that this combination consistently improves the performance in terms of instrumental quality metrics as compared to a pure subband or full-band method. Further, the comparison with two baseline approaches demonstrates the effectiveness of the location based deep learning approach. |
13,139 | Please write an abstract with title: An On-Board Fast Charger using New Bridgeless PFC Converter with Reduced DC-Link Capacitance, and key words: Buck converters, Capacitance, Batteries, Topology, Sensors, Voltage control, Stress. Abstract: This paper deals with a new approach to design a fast charger for electric vehicle, which consists of a new bridgeless (BL) Zeta PFC (Power Factor Correction) converter with reduced size of DC-link capacitance cascaded by a buck converter. The battery fast charging is provided based on a new approach of operating the PFC converter at increased DC-link voltage, as compared to the conventional slow chargers. This implies to the reduced size of DC-link capacitance, as the value of DC-link capacitance varies inversely with respect to the DC-link voltage. The proposed BL Zeta converter has lower device voltage stress, which ensures a high-power density and better efficiency during fast charging at the battery end. A buck converter is used to control the battery current during constant current and constant voltage modes. Moreover, the operation of two converters in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) gives the benefit of fewer sensors as sensing of input side quantities is avoided. It is shown that with the proposed topology, the battery charging can be achieved 8 times faster than conventional BL Zeta converter. |
13,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Fractional Stochastic Gradient Descent Based Learning Algorithm For Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Signal processing algorithms, Stochastic processes, Pattern classification, Classification algorithms, Task analysis. Abstract: Neural Networks are indispensable tools in adaptive signal processing. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network is one of the most widely used neural network architecture. The performance is highly subjective to the optimization of learning parameters. In this study, we propose a learning algorithm for the training of MLP models. Conventionally back-propagation learning algorithm also termed as (BP-MLP) is used. It is a type of stochastic gradient descent algorithm where performance is governed by eigen spread of the input signal correlation matrix. In order to accelerate the performance, we design a combination of integral and fractional gradient terms. The proposed fractional back-propagation multi-layer perceptron (FBP-MLP) method is based on fractional calculus and it utilizes the concept of fractional power gradient which provides complementary information about the cost function that helps in rapid convergence. For the validation of our claim, we implemented leukemia cancer classification task and compared our method with standard BPMLP method. The proposed FBP-MLP method outperformed the conventional BP-MLP algorithm both in terms of convergence rate and test accuracy. |
13,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Applications of morphological filtering to image analysis and processing, and key words: Filtering, Image analysis, Filters, Image edge detection, Cleaning, Shape, Contracts, Filling, Noise shaping, Image recognition. Abstract: This paper summarizes some applications of morphological erosions, dilations, openings, and closings to image edge-detection, cleaning of impulsive-noise, median-filtering, region-filling, skeletonization, and 2-D shape recognition. |
13,142 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Adaptive Security for SLA Based Smart Contract, and key words: Analytical models, Conferences, Smart contracts, Computer bugs, Security, Requirements engineering, Standards. Abstract: The current smart contracts development practices do not follow a standard security development process to understand and explore the security vulnerabilities and attacks in smart contracts. We propose a self-adaptive security modeling approach for modeling and analyzing Service Level Agreement (SLA) based smart contracts using attack scenarios and goal models. There are many security vulnerabilities and bugs in the smart contract due to inconsistencies in the design of smart contracts. The objective of the proposed research is to help the smart contract security requirements designers and developers to understand the security vulnerabilities, concerns, and to propose a self-adaptive security approach to provide countermeasures to detect and mitigate these attacks in the SLA smart contract in the domain of Blockchain-Based Cloud (BBC). |
13,143 | Please write an abstract with title: An evaluation of the virtual router redundancy protocol extension with load balancing, and key words: Load management, Nominations and elections, Redundancy, Routing protocols, Local area networks, Tellurium, Telecommunication traffic, Heart beat, Scalability, Robustness. Abstract: Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate the single point of failure in the static default routing environment in LAN. The original VRRP protocol does not support load balancing for both incoming and outgoing traffic. This paper describes EVRRP, i.e. enhanced VRRP. EVRRP supports an efficient multiple-node cluster and symmetric load balancing among routers. Each router periodically exchanges information to determine the status of the master and backups. The master router distributes and redirects the traffic to one of the backup routers by ICMP redirect message. Backup routers accept the traffic from the master and one of the backup routers takes over the master traffic using a gratuitous ARP message when the master fails. The improved election protocol speeds up the original VRRP election protocol and shortens the failover time by adding a new state in the previous VRRP state diagram and a new protocol type. An extensive evaluation of the EVRRP protocol is described in the paper. |
13,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter-Wave Digital Beam-Forming Massive-MIMO and Distributed-MIMO Technologies and Their Verifications Toward 5G-Beyond Further Capacity Enhancement, and key words: Microwave technology, Spectral efficiency, Millimeter wave technology, Focusing, Europe, Channel estimation, Transceivers. Abstract: This talk covers the technologies and their over-the-air (OTA) experimental verification of spectral efficiency enhancement based on the millimeter-wave coherent beam-forming massive multi-input multi-output (Massive-MIMO) technologies considering its application to 5G-Beyond and 6G base stations. There are comparative studies using the prototyped collocated MIMO (C-MIMO) system [5], [6] and the distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems [1], [2] focusing their spatial degree of freedom and their contribution to the possible simultaneous multi user-equipment (UE) connection based on zero-forcing (ZF) beam-weight technique under the realistic number of transceivers up to thirty-two. The talk also covers the phase and amplitude calibration technologies over the individual transceivers and their effectiveness for the signal quality, error-vector-magnitude (EVM) in the channel estimation based on uplink (UL) to down-link (DL) reciprocity. The spectral efficiency of 15.9 bps/Hz/cell using 39 GHz C-MIMO and 21 bps/Hz/cell using 28 GHz D-MIMO are achieved respectively. |
13,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion, and key words: Ions, Thyristors, Reliability, Torque, Market research, Converters, Variable speed drives. Abstract: D. Kennealy (Associate Member) I would like to thank the authors for their comprehensive survey of the available methods of producing variable speed electric drives for industry. So often in our very technical papers we get lost in a welter of detail on a particular drive and the student of electrical engineering and also the not-so-well versed industrial user quite often cannot see the wood for the trees. A wide-ranging paper of this nature from time to time therefore does a lot of good by refreshing everyone's memories. I think the paper's value would have been enhanced if the authors had not only described the numerous systems, both past and present, but had gone into greater detail as to why some of the methods have found limited application whilst others have been more and more applied and refined. |
13,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Drift-Free and Self-Aligned IMU-Based Human Gait Tracking System With Augmented Precision and Robustness, and key words: Tracking, Magnetometers, Estimation, Knee, Hip, Gyroscopes, Accelerometers. Abstract: IMU-based human joint motion acquisition system is attractive for real-time control and monitoring in the emerging wearable technology due to its portability. However, in practical applications, it heavily suffers from long-term drift, magnetic interference and inconsistency of rotational reference frames, which causes precision degradation. In this letter, a novel on-line IMU-based human gait estimation framework was proposed to obtain the joint rotational angles directly under the kinematic constraints between multiple body segments, whereas traditional methods need to estimate the orientation of each individual segment. This framework consists of an on-line algorithm to align IMU frames with human joints and motion estimation algorithms for hip and knee without the aid of magnetometer. Both a 2-DoF robot and human gait tests were performed to validate the proposed method as compared with the predictions from commercial IMUs, joint encoders and an optical tracking system. The outcome demonstrated its advantages of adaptive alignment, drift rejection and low computational cost, which alleviates the practical barriers faced by human motion data collection in the wearable devices. |
13,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvements and extensions of high direct voltage measurements at NRC, Canada, and key words: Voltage measurement, Resistors, System testing, Circuit testing, Low voltage, Electrical resistance measurement, Measurement standards, Councils, Laboratories, Bridge circuits. Abstract: Improvements to the measurement capabilities for high direct voltage at NRC are outlined. Measurements to establish the relative performance of dividers are reported. Initial tests using a null method to compare two measuring systems are described. |
13,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Human-Centered Automated Driving: A Novel Spatiotemporal Vision Transformer-Enabled Head Tracker, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Transformers, Solid modeling, Pose estimation, Cameras, Vehicle dynamics, Magnetic heads, Head-up displays, User experience, Human computer interaction. Abstract: Accurate dynamic driver head pose tracking is of great importance for driver–automotive collaboration, intelligent copilot, head-up display (HUD), and other human-centered automated driving applications. To further advance this technology, this article proposes a low-cost and markerless head-tracking system using a deep learning-based dynamic head pose estimation model. The proposed system requires only a red, green, blue (RGB) camera without other hardware or markers. To enhance the accuracy of the driver’s head pose estimation, a spatiotemporal vision transformer (ST-ViT) model, which takes an image pair as the input instead of a single frame, is proposed. Compared to a standard transformer, the ST-ViT contains a spatial–convolutional vision transformer and a temporal transformer, which can improve the model performance. To handle the error fluctuation of the head pose estimation model, this article proposes an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF). By analyzing the error distribution of the estimation model and the user experience of the head tracker, the proposed AKF includes an adaptive observation noise coefficient; this can adaptively moderate the smoothness of the curve. Comprehensive experiments show that the proposed system is feasible and effective, and it achieves a state-of-the-art performance. |
13,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Codes From Algebraic Geometry Codes, and key words: Codes, Quantum entanglement, Geometry, Liquid crystal displays, Error correction codes, Linear codes, Quantum computing. Abstract: Quantum error-correcting codes play the role of suppressing noise and decoherence in quantum systems by introducing redundancy. Some strategies can be used to improve the parameters of these codes. For example, entanglement can provide a way for quantum error-correcting codes to achieve higher rates than the one obtained by means of the traditional stabilizer formalism. Such codes are called entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting (EAQEC) codes. In this paper, we utilize algebraic geometry codes to construct several families of EAQEC codes derived from the Euclidean and the Hermitian construction. Three families constructed here consist of codes whose quantum Singleton defect is equal to zero, one, or two. We also construct families of EAQEC codes with an encoding rate exceeding the quantum Gilbert-Varshamov bound. Additionally, asymptotically good towers of linear complementary dual codes are used to obtain asymptotically good families of EAQEC codes consuming maximal entanglement. Furthermore, a simple comparison with the quantum Gilbert-Varshamov bound demonstrates that, by utilizing the proposed construction, it is possible to generate an asymptotically family of EAQEC codes that exceeds this bound. |
13,150 | Please write an abstract with title: CMOS photodiode with enhanced responsivity for the UV/blue spectral range, and key words: CMOS integrated circuits, Integrated optoelectronics, Photodiodes. Abstract: A new photodiode for the UV/blue spectral range, which can be integrated monolithically with CMOS circuits, is presented. Such optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) with a high sensitivity in the UV/blue spectral range are needed in near-future optical storage systems like digital versatile disk (DVD) or digital video recording (DVR). At 400 nm, our so-called finger photodiode achieves a responsivity of 0.23 A/W corresponding to a quantum efficiency /spl eta/ of 70% [with an antireflection coating (ARC)] and rise and fall times of 1.0 ns and 1.1 ns, respectively. The finger photodiode can be used in the red spectral range, too. At 638 nm, the responsivity is 0.49 A/W (/spl eta/=95%) and rise and fall times of less than 2.3 ns are achieved. For the integration of the finger photodiode in an industrial 1 /spl mu/m twin-well CMOS process, only one additional mask is needed in order to block out the threshold voltage implantation in the photo-active region. |
13,151 | Please write an abstract with title: The smart medical refrigerator, and key words: Refrigeration, Biomedical monitoring, Patient monitoring, Intelligent sensors, Senior citizens, Medical services, Prototypes, Remote monitoring, Telephony, Microcontrollers. Abstract: This work presents a smart medical refrigerator. The method suggests to monitor the elderly patients continued usage of medications on time. So a smart medical dispenser is used. The smart medical refrigerator monitors the use of prescribed medicine by patients and can alert a physician, healthcare provider or family members if the patient does not access the medicine in a set time frame. The smart medical refrigerator is connected to a standard telephone line. The microcontroller monitors the patient's usage of the refrigerator. After reviewing a prototype refrigerator, a patient is located to field test and provide critical feedback on prototype. A novel approaches to geriatric healthcare is taken as both the percentage and absolute numbers of elderly patients living alone reach record levels. The active sensor units require patient interaction to send out an alarm. The concept of using passive sensors to automatically sense patient incapacitation can be easily generalized. At-risk patients who don't take medication could be monitored using the same device attached to a standard household refrigerator, a pressure sensor on a carpet, a motion sensor in the kitchen, or even a tilt sensor on a toilet seat. The smart medical refrigerator approach unit helps to address the broader societal need of remote, automatic well being monitoring. |
13,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Intermittent Sampling in Repetitive Control: Exploiting Time-Varying Measurements, and key words: Optical losses, Uncertainty, Power system stability, Optical variables measurement, Stability analysis, Loss measurement, Adaptive optics. Abstract: The performance increase up to the sensor resolution in repetitive control (RC) invalidates the standard assumption in RC that data is available at equidistant time instances, e.g., in systems with package loss or when exploiting timestamped data from optical encoders. The aim of this paper is to develop an intermittent sampling RC framework for non-equidistant measurements. Sufficient stability conditions are derived that can be verified using non-parametric frequency response function data. This results in a frequency domain design procedure to explicitly address uncertainty. The RC framework is validated on an industrial printbelt setup for which exact non-equidistant measurement data is available. |
13,153 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepOA: Clinical Decision Support System for Early Detection and Severity Grading of Knee Osteoarthritis, and key words: Decision support systems, Pain, Signal processing algorithms, Object detection, Signal processing, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a medical condition affecting the knee joint that causes pain due to the cartilage wear-and-tear. The severity of the impairment is graded by experienced radiologists as per standardized grading systems like the Kellgren–Lawrence(KL) grading scheme. Early detection and classification of knee OA in a patient before it increases in severity can significantly aid in corrective measures and benefit humankind. In this work, we propose a DL model to automatically segment the knee region and predict onset of Knee OA with X-ray scans. A comparative study using an ensemble model consisting of a YOLOv5 object detection algorithm for knee joint segmentation is also proposed. Various classification models such as VGG16, Resnet etc., are experimented with for the KL grade classification. The detailed experiments are conducted to understand the need for the region of interest segmentation step in KL grade classification. The proposed Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can help the medical practitioners perform preemptive screening based on X-ray scans for detecting onset earlier and for enabling required treatment. |
13,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple capacity formulas for correlated SIMO Nakagami channels, and key words: Channel capacity, Fading, Telephony, MIMO, Receiving antennas, Cities and towns, Educational institutions, Wireless communication, Closed-form solution, Memoryless systems. Abstract: The average channel capacity of a SIMO (single-input and multiple-output) wireless system operating on correlated Nakagami fading channels is of theoretical importance to wireless communications; but no simple expression is available in the literature. We tackle this issue using both exact and approximation approaches. The exact formula can serve as a foundation for theoretical comparison. Its approximate counterpart, on the other hand, is simple and easy to use, taking a closed-form expression and producing results nearly identical to the exact formula under most operational conditions. Computer results are presented for illustration. |
13,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Current distributions on gratings and meanderlines: With MSW applications, and key words: Current distribution, Gratings, Transducers, Strips, Current density, Mutual coupling, Magnetostatic waves, Magnetic separation, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic devices. Abstract: Surface current density on an array of mutually coupled conducting strips near a ground plane is investigated in the quasistatic limit using the method of images. The nonuniform current distribution caused by mutual coupling and its effects on magnetostatic static wave (MSW) device characteristics is investigated. A comparison is made with previously published results obtained under the assumption of uniform and other current distributions. Insertion loss curves are presented as are the self-inductances for gratings and meander line transducers. With a minor change in the formulation, the method developed herein also predicts circulating currents in gratings over a highly magnetic half-space for certain parameter combinations. |
13,156 | Please write an abstract with title: RF and Electromechanical Characteristics of Serpentine Cantilever Structure Based MEMS switch, and key words: Radio frequency, Gold, Microswitches, Aluminum, Insertion loss, Structural beams, Electrostatics. Abstract: The MEMS switch have gained paramount importance in various applications including reconfigurable antenna. The high actuation voltage could be reduced and device could be made small using electrostatic actuation. The proposed electrostatic MEMS switch is based on serpentine cantilever beam structure with bottom electrode. The mechanical pull-in voltage is calculated analytically and through simulation. The minimum pull-in voltage obtained is 7.3V for the serpentine cantilever beam with Aluminum as the material. The MEMS switch could be used in the frequency range of 1GHz to 10GHz for less insertion loss and return loss. |
13,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal GPU Frequency Selection using Multi-Objective Approaches for HPC Systems, and key words: Measurement, Degradation, Analytical models, Power demand, Systematics, Power system management, Power control. Abstract: Power consumption poses a significant challenge in current and emerging GPU-enabled high-performance computing (HPC) systems. In modern GPUs, controls like dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS), among others, exist to regulate power consumption. Due to varying computational intensities and the availability of a wide range of frequency settings, selecting the optimal frequency configuration for a given GPU workload is non-trivial. Applying a power control with the single objective of reducing power may cause performance degradation, leading to more energy consumption. In this study, we characterize and identify GPU utilization metrics that influence both the power and execution time of a given workload. Analytical models for power and execution time are then proposed using the charac-terized feature set. Multi-objective functions (i.e., energy-delay product (EDP) and ED2p) are used to select an optimal GPU DVFS configuration for a workload such that power consumption is reduced with no or negligible degradation in performance. The evaluation was conducted using SPEC ACCEL benchmarks on NVIDIA GV100 GPU. The proposed power and performance analytical models demonstrated prediction accuracies of up to 99.2% and 98.8%, respectively. On average, the benchmarks showed 28.6% and 25.2% energy savings using EDP and ED2p approaches, respectively, without performance degradation. Fur-thermore, the proposed models require metric collection at only the maximum frequency rather than all supported DVFS configurations. |
13,158 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Effect of Strength Training System for Beginners Using Motion Capture Device, and key words: Training, Conferences, Stars, Real-time systems, Motion capture, Sports. Abstract: We aim to make strength training safe and efficient for beginners. We developed a strength training system that can judge the correctness of the posture of a bodyweight squat movement in real-time. In addition, we combined two teaching methods, “Step by Step” and “Overall”, and compared their learning effects on beginners' performances. As a result, we found it effective to estimate the correctness of the movement with features determined based on the joint angles. We also found a significant difference between the two groups, who were trained with two different approaches, “Step by Step” or “Overall”, respectively. The result shows that the learning effects of the “Overall” method outperform the “Step by Step” method. Our findings will enable to develop a strength training support system, which allows people to safely train themselves. |
13,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Fluorescence microscopy without resolution limit, and key words: Fluorescence, Frequency, Lighting, Spatial resolution, Diffraction, Labeling, Optical microscopy, Physiology, Biomedical engineering, Biochemistry. Abstract: The diffraction limit to light microscope resolution, which was seen as an impassable barrier for a century, has recently been broken. Structured illumination light in combination with nonlinear phenomena allow theoretically unlimited resolution. |
13,160 | Please write an abstract with title: A formal approach to the generation of visual language environments supporting multiple views, and key words: Performance analysis, Software systems, Visualization, Concrete. Abstract: In this paper we present a formal approach, based on meta-modelling and graph transformation, to the generation of environments for visual languages (VLs) supporting multiple views. The VL syntax is defined by means of a meta-model. Views for the VL are created by selecting the classes, associations, attributes and constraints that are part of them. Once the environment is generated, the view models are translated into a global, unique model where consistency checking and further analysis can be performed by means of graph grammars. These ideas have been newly implemented in the AToM/sup 3/ tool. |
13,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Discussion of Different Three-Phase dv/dt Filter Topologies and the Influences of Their Filter Parameters on Losses and EMC, and key words: Damping, Voltage measurement, Passive filters, Photonic band gap, Electromagnetic interference, Inverters, Topology. Abstract: In this paper two modified three-phase dv/dt filter networks are analysed. They're investigated in a fast switching SiC-MOSFET inverter system with the primary purpose of reducing the steep voltage slopes caused by the wide bandgap semiconductor devices at the output of the inverter. This should preserve the insulation system of a connected electrical load machine from partial discharges and deterioration. The necessity of damping down the voltage slopes outside of the inverter can arise from the possibility of lower switching losses and more favourable temperatures within the inverter. An additional filter of course will cause power losses depending on it's parameters. Hence, the influence of the passive filter parameters on those losses are an integral part of the analysis. In addition to the slope-damping of the inverter output voltage, the two discussed filter topologies should also challenge the conducted EMI of the system. Therefore, both of the circuits use special modifications to reduce the interference levels introduced by the fast switching inverter. Furthermore, a diode clamping of the filter output voltage to the DC-link potentials is implemented and it's impact on the dv / dt reduction, filter losses and EMI is discussed. Generally, a higher filter inductance, meaning a lower necessary capacitance, will reduce the extra filter losses at the expense of a higher filter volume as well as additional oscillations of the output voltage. The diode clamping leads to a significantly less overshoot and ringing of the resulting voltages, but to an increase of the measured losses. Finally, examining the influences of the different filter topologies, their parameters and the diode clamping on the conducted EMC behaviour, it will be shown that both of the modified topologies have the ability to reduce EMI levels in certain areas. |
13,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybersecurity Associate Degree Program Curriculum, and key words: Computer security, Force, Task analysis, Guidelines, Accreditation. Abstract: The spotlight is on cybersecurity education programs to develop a qualified cybersecurity workforce to meet the demand of the professional field. The ACM CCECC (Committee for Computing Education in Community Colleges) is leading the creation of a set of guidelines for associate degree cybersecurity programs called Cyber2yr, formerly known as CSEC2Y. A task force of community college educators have created a student competency focused curriculum that will serve as a global cybersecurity guide for applied (AAS) and transfer (AS) degree programs to develop a knowledgeable and capable associate level cybersecurity workforce. Based on the importance of the Cyber2yr work; ABET a nonprofit, non-governmental agency that accredits computing programs has created accreditation criteria for two-year cybersecurity programs. |
13,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of High Frequency Oscillators for Ultra-Wideband Systems, and key words: Temperature measurement, Phase noise, Phase measurement, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Resonant frequency, Stability analysis, Frequency measurement. Abstract: This paper describes two designs of high-frequency oscillators for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) sensor systems. The first is a cross-coupled voltage-control oscillator (VCO) realized as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implemented in the 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology from IHP, Germany with resonant frequency 11 GHz and 25 GHz. The second design is the Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (DRO) that uses a dielectric resonator (also known as a “puck”) to set the oscillating frequency. A DRO is based on the discrete structure with a resonant frequency of 20.17 GHz. The most important specifications for the VCO are provided and architecture for an existing frequency plan is introduced along with a discussion on its performance and implementation. The simulated VCO can achieve a wide tuning range of 11.21 GHz to 11.71 GHz as well as of 24.86 GHz up to 25.43 GHz. The overall power consumption of the cross-coupled VCO and DRO is 40 mA at a supply voltage of 2.5 V and 9 mA at a supply voltage of 3.3 V, respectively. |
13,164 | Please write an abstract with title: A heterogeneous functional verification platform, and key words: Testing, Hardware design languages, Discrete event simulation, Analytical models, Design methodology, Design engineering, Circuit simulation, Process design, Libraries, Electronic design automation and methodology. Abstract: This paper presents a distributed verification platform that supports heterogeneous simulation environments, test formats, design HDLs, assertion languages and analysis tools. The Web-based platform provides integrated functional verification for complex integrated circuit designs such as processors that include units designed in VHDL, Verilog or SystemC and their corresponding assertions in Verilog, VHDL, C or PSL. The platform has been deployed at the IBM PowerPC embedded processors design center and has shown improved verification efficiency and coverage with reduced simulation resources. |
13,165 | Please write an abstract with title: 'Distributed' signal processing: new opportunities and challenges, and key words: Signal processing, Wireless sensor networks, Computer networks, Large-scale systems, Computer architecture, Signal processing algorithms, Information theory, Source coding, Robustness, Channel coding. Abstract: Summary form only given. We are at a novel crossroads in technology where we are witnessing the confluence of computing, communicating and networking. A number of exciting applications are both driving and being driven by this confluence, including low-power sensor networks, large-scale ad hoc wireless networks, and wireless multimedia transmission. Many of these applications demand a move away from classical centralized architectures and algorithms towards more decentralized and distributed ones. Signal processing plays a key role in this revolution- not in isolation but rather as a pivotal interdisciplinary systems component, intimately integrated with communications, information theory, coding theory, and networking protocols. Sensor networks represent a particularly rich applications base. We would provide a snapshot of the sensor network related activities in a number of research groups at Berkeley. Motivated by the communications and computational constraints imposed by large-scale low-power sensor networks, we would describe some of our signal processing centric research including: (i) distributed sampling; (ii) distributed source coding; (iii) distributed estimation; and (iv) robust transmission. We would highlight the key foundational role played by multi-user information theory, particularly the so-called area of side-information coding for both source coding (compression) and channel coding (transmission). A deeper look reveals a beautiful functional duality between source and channel coding with side-information. This unexpectedly unifies a host of seemingly unrelated problem areas like distributed compression, digital watermarking, multimedia transmission over packet-error networks, and seamless digital upgrade of analog TV. Finally, as a microcosm of the expressive power of interdisciplinary thinking, we would describe a novel video compression paradigm dubbed PRISM (power-efficient, robust, hlh-compression, syndrome-based multimedia coding). PRISM's architecture, in stark contrast to that driving current video codecs like MPEG, allows for a novel shifting of the computational complexity from the encoder to the decoder, making it ideally suited for "uplink" transmission scenarios in wireless multimedia and surveillance applications. |
13,166 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-aspect radar target recognition method based on scattering centers and HMMs classifiers, and key words: Radar scattering, Target recognition, Hidden Markov models, Feature extraction, Matching pursuit algorithms, Data mining, Vector quantization, Radar applications, Electromagnetic scattering, Computer simulation. Abstract: A hidden Markov model (HMM)-based method for recognizing aerial targets according to the sequential high-range-resolution (HRR) radar signature is presented. Its recognition features are the location information of scattering centers extracted from the HRR radar echoes by the relax algorithm. The HMM is used to characterize the spatio-temporal information of a target. Several HMMs are cascaded in a chain to model the variation in the target orientation and used as classifiers. Computer simulations with the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data are given to demonstrate that for an open-set recognition, average class-recognition rates of 84.50% and 89.88% are achieved, respectively, under two given conditions. |
13,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of ethernet resilience mechanisms, and key words: Ethernet networks, Resilience, Protocols, Local area networks, Synchronous digital hierarchy, SONET, Telecommunication traffic, Costs, Bridges, Network topology. Abstract: Ethernet is an emerging alternative in metro networks for efficient data transport. Originally defined for local area networks it is now also introduced in carrier's metro and core networks. However, carrier grade resilience remains an issue with Ethernet, because the resilience requirements of carrier networks differ significantly from local environments. Extended and new routing and resilience mechanisms have been proposed in the past. In this paper we evaluate the traditional spanning tree protocol in comparison with two popular new protocols: rapid spanning tree and resilient packet ring. For simulative investigations we extended the OMNET simulator with these protocols. The simulation results show their advantages in terms of recovery and restoration time. |
13,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and evaluation of a music video summarization system, and key words: Multiple signal classification, Video compression, Video on demand, Testing, Performance analysis, Computer science, Bayesian methods, Broadcasting, Hard disks, Portals. Abstract: We present a system that summarizes the textual, audio, and video information of music videos in a format tuned to the preferences of a focus group of 20 users. First, we analyzed user-needs for the content and the layout of the music summaries. Then, we designed algorithms that segment individual song videos from full music video programs by noting changes in color palette, transcript, and audio classification. We summarize each song with automatically selected high level information such as title, artist, duration, title frame, and text as well as audio and visual segments of the chorus. Our system automatically determines with high recall and precision chorus locations, from the placement of repeated words and phrases in the text of the song's lyrics. Our Bayesian belief network then selects other significant video and audio content from the multiple media. Overall, we are able to compress content by a factor of 10. Our second user study has identified the principal variations between users in their choices of content desired in the summary, and in their choices of the platforms that should support their viewing. |
13,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust MIMO wireless communication in the presence of interference using ad hoc antenna arrays, and key words: Robustness, MIMO, Wireless communication, Interference, Antenna arrays, Power system reliability, Bandwidth, Fading, Shadow mapping, Receiving antennas. Abstract: Wireless communication using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enables increased data rates and link reliability for a given total transmit power and system bandwidth. Increased capacity is achieved by introducing additional spatial channels which are exploited using space-time coding. The spatial diversity improves the link reliability by reducing the adverse effects of link fading and shadowing. Because antenna arrays are used at both the transmitter and receiver, interference can be mitigated naturally. In this paper, MIMO communication is investigated using outdoor experimental data collected near the PCS frequency allocation (1790 MHz) in the presence of multiple jammers. Coherence issues associated with implementing antenna arrays using ad hoc groups of users are addressed. Presented here is an experimental example of demodulation of a space-time turbo code using a multichannel multiuser detector (MCMUD) that compensates for delay and Doppler spread, as well as local oscillator mismatch. In the experimental data the MIMO signal is transmitted from a moving vehicle. |
13,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of the narrowband LPC synthesis, and key words: Narrowband, Linear predictive coding, Speech analysis, Speech synthesis, Speech enhancement, Signal synthesis, Synthesizers, Speech processing, Acoustic noise, Filters. Abstract: The major weakness of the current narrowband LPC synthesizer lies in the use of a "canned" invariant excitation signal. The use of such an excitation signal is based on three primary assumptions, namely, (1) that the amplitude spectrum of the excitation signal is flat and time-invariant, (2) that the phase spectrum of the voiced excitation signal is a time-invariant function of frequency, and (3) that the probability density function (PDF) of the phase spectrum of the unvoiced excitation signal is also time-invariant. This paper critically examines these assumptions and presents modifications which improve the quality of the synthesized speech without requiring the transmission of any additional data. Diagnostic Acceptability Measure (DAM) tests show an increase of up to 5 points in overall speech quality with the implementation of each of these improvements. |
13,171 | Please write an abstract with title: A Complete Proposed Framework for Coastal Water Quality Monitoring System With Algae Predictive Model, and key words: Algae, Predictive models, Biological system modeling, Sea measurements, Water pollution, Data models, Water quality. Abstract: An end-to-end process to achieve a complete framework methodology for Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) growth prediction is crucial for water management, especially in implementing robust predictive modelling of HAB to prevent water pollution. Previous works have separately focused on the prediction part or the implementation of the water monitoring system that involves the integration of sensors through the Internet of Things (IoT). These studies lack in terms of discussion of both IoT with the algae ecological domain and prediction method. Therefore, this paper takes the initiative to provide a wider coverage on the end-to-end process including the assembly and integration of sensors, data acquisition and predictive modelling using data-driven approaches, for example, machine learning, deep learning and deep time series forecasting algorithm for future algal bloom outbreak mitigation. This paper believes that discussion in a complete framework perspective based on the execution of each phase is important besides providing a true understanding of the algae growth factors and prediction problems to achieve a robust prediction algorithm for algal growth. In the end, this paper presents proof that selecting the right features and utilising time series with deep learning are much better for tackling the issues of highly non-linear and dynamic algae ecological data that are briefly introduced in this paper. Among all the algorithms selected, Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) is the best fit for the prediction method and has outperformed other basic machine learning methods in accurately predicting algal growth through the prediction of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) as a strong indicator of algal presence for coastal studies. |
13,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Control of Phase Change Energy Storage and Thermal Insulation Building Materials based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology, and key words: Insulation, Thermal expansion, Building materials, Quality control, Set theory, Sensors, Energy storage. Abstract: In recent years, the use of phase change energy storage and thermal insulation building materials has gradually expanded. In order to effectively control the use effect of phase change energy storage and thermal insulation building materials, a quality control method for phase change energy storage and thermal insulation building materials based on optical fiber sensing technology is proposed. Complete the selection of optical fiber sensor components to achieve high-precision collection and processing of building material data. The main evaluation basis is obtained by using extension set theory, and the data association degree of building material quality is studied. The comprehensive evaluation analysis method is used to complete the quality evaluation and control of building materials. So far, the design of the quality control method for phase change energy storage thermal insulation building materials based on optical fiber sensing technology is completed. Through the comparison of experiments, it can be seen that this method has a better quality control effect than the traditional method of phase change energy storage insulation building materials. |
13,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Information rates achievable with algebraic codes on quantum discrete memoryless channels, and key words: Information rates, Quantum computing, Quantum mechanics, Memoryless systems, Information theory, Code standards, Error correction codes, Upper bound, Concatenated codes, Conferences. Abstract: The highest information rate at which quantum error-correction schemes work reliably on a channel is called the quantum capacity. Here this is proven to be lower-bounded by the limit of coherent information maximized over the set of input density operators which are proportional to the projections onto the code spaces of symplectic stabilizer codes. The quantum channels to be considered are those subject to independent errors and modeled as tensor products of copies of a completely positive linear map on a Hilbert space of finite dimension. The codes that are proven to have the desired performance are symplectic stabilizer codes. On the depolarizing channel, the bound proven here is actually the highest possible rate at which symplectic stabilizer codes work reliably |
13,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Time evolution in visible light emission from high-power Ar pulse-modulated induction thermal plasmas, and key words: Argon, Plasma temperature, Plasma density, Pulsed power supplies, Cameras, Temperature control, Time domain analysis, FETs, MOSFET circuits, Power MOSFET. Abstract: Transient behavior of a 15-kW Ar pulse-modulated induction thermal plasma (PMITP) at a pressure of 31 kPa was observed using a high-speed video camera. The PMITP method is one of new techniques for controlling temperature and radical density in time-domain in high-power thermal plasmas. The adoption of a high-power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) inverter power supply makes it possible to sustain PMITPs with high power-conversion efficiency. The high-speed video pictures provide two-dimensional, time-dependent radiation intensity distributions from PMITPs, which are useful for understanding an unique transition behavior of PMITPs. |
13,175 | Please write an abstract with title: An integrated Web-based grid-computing environment for research and education in computational science and engineering, and key words: Grid computing, Computational modeling, Data engineering, Spatial databases, Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory, Chemical reactors, Combustion, Inductors. Abstract: We present the development of an integrated extendable Web-based simulation environment called Computational Science and Engineering On-line (CSEO) that allows computational scientists to perform research using state-of-the-art tools, querying data from personal or public databases, discuss results with colleagues, and access resources beyond those available locally from a Web browser. It is a user-driven Web-based application tool. Currently, CSEO provides an integrated environment for multi-scale modeling of complex reacting systems. A unique feature of CSEO is in its framework that allows data to flow from one application to another in a transparent manner. A particular example is demonstrated to show how results from fundamental quantum chemistry simulations are used to calculate thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a chemical reaction, which subsequently are used in the simulation of a combustion reactor. Advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects of a Web-based simulation approach are then discussed. CSEO can be accessed at http://cseo.net. |
13,176 | Please write an abstract with title: A node-centric load balancing algorithm for wireless sensor networks, and key words: Load management, Wireless sensor networks, Routing, Base stations, Biomedical monitoring, Computer science, Algorithm design and analysis, Chebyshev approximation, Collaborative work, Energy consumption. Abstract: By spreading the workload across a sensor network, load balancing reduces hot spots in the sensor network and increases the energy lifetime of the sensor network. In this paper, we design a node-centric algorithm that constructs a load-balanced tree in sensor networks of asymmetric architecture. We utilize a Chebyshev Sum metric to evaluate via simulation the balance of the routing trees produced by our algorithm. We find that our algorithm achieves routing trees that are more effectively balanced than the routing based on breadth-first search (BFS) and shortest-path obtained by Dijkstra's algorithm. |
13,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Attempt to correlate the ionic model with observations in BaBar RPC chambers and R&D tests, and key words: Ionization chambers, Position sensitive particle detectors, Electrodes, Conductivity. Abstract: The paper presents a model of ionic conduction in the Bakelite-based RPC detectors. This model explains why these detectors need to add water while they operate. To produce the Bakelite polymer, one needs a chemical reaction of the formaldehyde and the phenol molecules. Water is an important byproduct of this chemical reaction. The electrode current, according to the presented model, is formed mainly by the ionic sequence involving the phenol impurities left in the Bakelite and water, both left from the initial production. As long as these two ingredients are present in the original amount, the Bakelite resistance is constant. If either water or phenol impurity are depleted from various reasons, for example due to a large current or presence of a dry gas, the Bakelite resistance increases. According to the presented model, water should be added right from the beginning and not half way through the experiment. Similar ionic process is present in the Linseed oil polymer, where the current is carried by the fatty acid molecular impurities and water. The Bakelite RPC operation requires the entire ionic sequence to operate smoothly to keep the electrode resistance constant. |
13,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Combining Symbolic and Motion Planners for Rearranging Tasks in Daily-life Environments, and key words: Databases, Conferences, End effectors, Task analysis, Robots. Abstract: Humans do rearranging tasks every day. These tasks are time-consuming and tedious. Rearranging tasks are challenging because there are many problems to solve, such as identifying the items, manipulating the items, and finding a strategy to rearrange that can be completed with the robot. In this work, we focus on how to execute rearranging tasks and avoid errors in the motion planner such as not finding a valid solution. We propose to combine the symbolic planner with the motion planner using a feasibility database to confirm if the instructions received by the symbolic planner are valid or not. The final poses of the robot end effector are previously validated with the motion planner, so we avoid sending the robot to invalid poses. The proposed method was tested in a simulation environment doing a sandwich rearranging task in a convenience store setup. |
13,179 | Please write an abstract with title: In situ fabricated porous filter - characterization and biological applications, and key words: Filters, Blood, Polymers, Cells (biology), Proteins, Microchannel, Microscopy, Electrical resistance measurement, Surface resistance, Adhesives. Abstract: Porous filter was fabricated inside a microchannel by phase separation photo-polymerization. The porosity of the filter varies with the composition of the prepolymer mixture. Four different filter compositions varying in water and crosslinker concentration was characterized using confocal microscopy and resistance measurements. Preliminary studies showed that the porous filter can separate blood cells from whole blood and the large surface area can be utilized for protein detection assays. |
13,180 | Please write an abstract with title: WiFi mobility framework supporting GPRS roaming: design and implementation, and key words: Ground penetrating radar, Roaming, Access protocols, Wireless application protocol, Cities and towns, Telecommunications, Local area networks, Cellular networks, Computer network management, Mobile computing. Abstract: To provide IP mobility for wireless users several micro-mobility protocols are currently available. These are capable for supporting this feature inside the scope of a LAN, by means of performing handovers between adjacent WiFi radio-access cells in order to follow users' movements. Also, it is possible to achieve wireless mobility in a larger extent, i.e. across whole network domains. But, in order to do it these protocols have to be used in conjunction with a macro-mobility protocol, like mobile IP. In this context, a problem arises if such domains are so far away from each other that wireless-access gaps exist between them. In fact, this prevents wireless IP users from experiencing access continuity while traveling across these domains. In this paper we describe a solution, which was designed and implemented to cope with the above problem. Starting from the cellular IP protocol, we developed a new mobility framework that extends it to seamlessly manage roaming into the GPRS access network, whenever the mobile host is out of range from any WiFi domain. Also, management of inter-domain macro-mobility is integrated in our framework, eliminating the need to externally rely on mobile IP. |
13,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Dimensional Location Estimation Using Biased RSS Measurements, and key words: Receivers, Position measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Navigation, Maximum likelihood estimation, Optimization. Abstract: Received signal strength (RSS)-based techniques are promising for location estimation because of low cost and easy implementation. RSS measurements can be used to determine the location of a receiver, given the positions of multiple emitters. In addition, RSS measurements at receivers with known positions can be used to determine the location of an emitter. This article investigates both 3-D receiver navigation and source localization using RSS measurements. In practice, sensor measurements are often biased owing to design problems or other effects. However, almost all existing methods deal with bias-free cases. In contrast, we focus on biased cases. For both receiver navigation and source localization, we propose united-RSS (URSS) and differential-RSS (DRSS) approaches, where URSS estimates the location and sensor bias together, while DRSS estimates the location by eliminating the effect of bias. They are based on semidefinite programming and constrained least squares, respectively. The proposed methods avoid the nonconvexity in the maximum likelihood method. Numerical examples verify the necessity for sensor registration in RSS-based location estimation and show better performance of the proposed methods. |
13,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraction and recognition of license plates of motorcycles and vehicles on highways, and key words: Licenses, Motorcycles, Road vehicles, Road transportation, Character recognition, Object detection, Image edge detection, Histograms, Image segmentation, Image recognition. Abstract: A recognition system is proposed to extract and recognize license plates of motorcycles and vehicles on highways. In the first stage, a block-difference method is used to detect moving objects. According to the variance and the similarity of the M/spl times/N blocks defined on two diagonal lines, the blocks are categorized as three kinds: low-contrast, stationary and moving blocks. In the second stage, a screening method based on the projection of edge magnitudes is used to find two peaks in the projection histograms to bound license plates. The scanning lines with low counts can be removed. In the third stage, character images are segmented and recognized. In our experiments, we tested 180 pairs of images. The block-difference method has a 98% success rate and can remove 88% of pixels from an image on average. The screening method has a 94.4% success rate and the character recognition method has a 95.7% precision rate. |
13,183 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of AR Learning Assistance Tool for Clay-Sculpting 3D Model, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Solid modeling, Cameras, Tools, Load modeling, Games, Object oriented modeling. Abstract: Clay sculpting is one of the skills that can be acquired through learning and training. In a traditional method for learning to sculpt a clay model, learners tend to use 2D images as references for sculpting their works. In this paper, we propose an alternative method for learning to sculpt a clay model using the AR technology to provide different views of a clay-sculpting 3D model. It can increase learners' perception, attention, and understanding of proportional details of reference models since they could interactively view a reference model in 3D. There are 2 modes for viewing a 3D model which are a normal 3D and AR mode. The proposed tool is mainly developed with Unity, Autodesk Maya, and Clip Studio Paint. The evaluation of this tool is done on 30 university students who are currently studying in the multimedia and animation field. Participants are divided into 2 groups. Each group is further split into small teams of 3 persons. In each round during an experiment, we swap a turn of using the application in each group. A questionnaire is used to obtain feedback on our tool after experiments are finished. The result shows that participants have positive opinions about our tool. They tend to prefer viewing a 3D model in a normal 3D mode than an AR mode. In conclusion, our proposed application is a great learning assistance tool for clay sculpting. |
13,184 | Please write an abstract with title: RIS-Aided Offshore Communications with Adaptive Beamforming and Service Time Allocation, and key words: Array signal processing, Antenna arrays, Radio frequency, Resource management, Feeds, Sea measurements, Hardware. Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which can deliberately adjust the phase of incident waves, have shown enormous potentials to reconFigure the signal propagation for performance enhancement. In this paper, we investigate the RIS-aided offshore system to provide a cost-effective coverage of high-speed data service. The shipborne RIS is placed offshore to improve the signal quality at the vessels, and the coastal base station is equipped with low-cost reconfigurable reflect-arrays (RRAs), instead of the conventional costly fully digital antenna arrays (FDAAs), to reduce the hardware cost. In order to meet the rate requirements of diversified maritime activities, the effective sum rate (ESR) is studied by jointly optimizing the beamforming scheme and the service time allocated to each vessel. The optimal allocation scheme is derived, and an efficient fixed-point based alternating ascent method is developed to obtain a suboptimal solution to the non-convex beamforming problem. Numerical results show that the ESR is considerably improved with the aid of the RIS, and the proposed scheme using the hardware-efficient RRAs has only a slight performance loss, compared to its FDAA-based counterpart. |
13,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Building Capacity in Ocean Remote Sensing with the NOAA CoastWatch Satellite Course, and key words: Satellites, Oceans, Buildings, Tutorials, US Government agencies, Oceanography, Servers. Abstract: Identifying and using satellite data products appropriate for a given application can be challenging for users outside of the satellite community. As a result, ocean satellite data are underutilized in both research and operational oceanography. The goal of the NOAA CoastWatch satellite course is to build capacity in using satellite data within NOAA and beyond by providing background knowledge, tools, tutorials and hands-on help on individual projects to course participants. In 2020, the course was transitioned to the online environment, allowing a wider range of users outside of NOAA and the USA to attend. The course, associated resources and impacts are described, as well as recent changes and future plans. An example Python script is also provided to illustrate a typical case study and solution leveraging the ERDDAP data server to simplify data access. |
13,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Direction estimation of coherent signals using spatial signature, and key words: Direction of arrival estimation, Signal processing, Narrowband, Covariance matrix, Apertures, Sensor arrays, Laboratories, Additive noise, Predictive models, Signal resolution. Abstract: A computationally efficient spatial signature-based (SS) method is proposed for estimating the directions of arrival of coherent narrowband signals impinging on a uniform linear array. The normalized SS of the coherent signals is blindly estimated from the principal eigenvector of array covariance matrix and then is used to estimate the directions with a modified Kumaresan-Prony method, where a linear prediction model is combined with "subarray" averaging. The proposed method not only has the maximum permissible array aperture and computational simplicity, it also better resolves closely spaced coherent signals with a small length of data and at a lower signal-to-noise ratio. |
13,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Wavelet Denoising and Time- Frequency Domain Feature Extraction on Data Processing of Modulated Signals, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Wavelet domain, Noise reduction, Modulation, Interference, Feature extraction, Data processing. Abstract: Signal modulation is an essential part of the communication system. Researches on reducing the noise interference in the modulated signal and improving the signal-to- noise ratio can help recognize the signal. In this paper, it is proposed to apply the wavelet denoising and time-frequency domain feature extraction to the modulated signals. Combine the characteristics of the modulated signal and the theory of wavelet denoising and time-frequency domain feature extraction, remove the noise interference in the signal, extract the time-frequency domain feature, and input the processed data into the decision tree model for classification and recognition and evaluate the signal processing effect. In addition, the accuracy of decision trees before and after data processing under different signal-to- noise ratios is further studied. Experimental results show that wavelet denoising and time-frequency domain feature extraction obviously affect modulated signal processing and are generally applicable under different signal-to-noise ratios. |
13,188 | Please write an abstract with title: A Systematic Assessment of Embedded Neural Networks for Object Detection, and key words: Measurement, Training, Systematics, Power demand, Embedded systems, Neural networks, Object detection. Abstract: Object detection is arguably one of the most important and complex tasks to enable the advent of next-generation autonomous systems. Recent advancements in deep learning techniques allowed a significant improvement in detection accuracy and latency of modern neural networks, allowing their adoption in automotive, avionics and industrial embedded systems, where performances are required to meet size, weight and power constraints.Multiple benchmarks and surveys exist to compare state-of-the-art detection networks, profiling important metrics, like precision, latency and power efficiency on Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) embedded platforms. However, we observed a fundamental lack of fairness in the existing comparisons, with a number of implicit assumptions that may significantly bias the metrics of interest. This includes using heterogeneous settings for the input size, training dataset, threshold confidences, and, most importantly, platform-specific optimizations, that are especially important when assessing latency and energy-related values. The lack of uniform comparisons is mainly due to the significant effort required to re-implement network models, whenever openly available, on the specific platforms, to properly configure the available acceleration engines for optimizing performance, and to re-train the model using a homogeneous dataset.This paper aims at filling this gap, providing a comprehensive and fair comparison of the best-in-class Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) for real-time embedded systems, detailing the effort made to achieve an unbiased characterization on cutting-edge system-on-chips. Multi-dimensional trade-offs are explored for achieving a proper configuration of the available programmable accelerators for neural inference, adopting the best available software libraries. To stimulate the adoption of fair benchmarking assessments, the framework is released to the public in an open source repository. |
13,189 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Configurations in Steering Micro/Nano Robots inside Y-shaped Blood Vessel, and key words: Coils, Magnetic fields, Electromagnetics, Robots, Trajectory, Blood flow, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: Magnetic micro/nano robots have the potential applications in targeted drug delivery. This approach can be achieved by guiding magnetically actuated micro/nano robots to navigate inside blood vessels. In this paper, three electromagnetic configurations with different structures are presented: Combined Helmholtz & Maxwell (H&M), Differential current coil (DCC), and One coil. The mathematical model of these configurations is introduced and investigated through simulation under different circumstances. The performance efficiency of the introduced configurations evaluated using 100 magnetic micro/nano robots released in a Y -shaped bifurcation blood vessel. The performance results showed that the combined H&M configuration has the best exit rate of 64%, 68%, and 62% using different robot diameters of 50, 100 and 250 μm, Performance results also showed that DCC configuration has the lowest exit rate of 60%, 48%, 29%. In addition, the One coil electromagnetic configuration showed exit rate of 64%, 64% and 60% results between the H&M and the DCC configurations. |
13,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Cloud-based Food Delivery, and key words: Electrical engineering, Customer satisfaction, Data processing, Internet, Information technology, Information systems. Abstract: The development of technology makes a lot of changes including in the culinary field. Cloud-based food delivery is increasingly used especially in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to find factor influencing purchase intention. The research model was assessed by using SmartPLS from 209 participants who using cloud based delivery food which collect using google form. Therefore, this research was made to find out if the system quality, information quality, service quality of the application affects the user satisfaction of the cloud based food delivery. Seeing the influence of user satisfaction on perceived net benefit and the influence of perceived net benefit on purchase intention with loyalty programme membership as moderation variable. The result show all the hypotheses supported except system quality not positive impact to user satisfaction. To get more purchase intention, marketplace of cloud-based food delivery need to increase user satisfaction, give more benefit for customer and continuous loyalty programme. |
13,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Handling exposure time in multi-frame image restoration, and key words: Image restoration, Spatial resolution, Image resolution, Cameras, Image reconstruction, Dynamic range, Reconstruction algorithms, Apertures, Time factors, Image sensors. Abstract: The process of reconstructing a high-resolution image from multiple low-resolution images is known as super-resolution reconstruction. One of the assumptions of current super-resolution reconstruction methods is that all images are captured with the same exposure time and aperture size. This is not necessarily true. In reality, cameras have limited dynamic range and a nonlinear response to the quantity of light received; also, camera settings might be adjusted automatically or manually to capture the desired portion of the scene's dynamic range. We propose a super-resolution algorithm based on an imaging model that includes a camera response function, exposure time, sensor noise and quantization error in addition to spatial blurring and sampling. The algorithm is based on Bayesian estimation. Initial experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. |
13,192 | Please write an abstract with title: An algorithm GMST for extracting minimal siphon-traps and its application to efficient computation of Petri net invariants, and key words: Computer applications, Facsimile, IEL, Writing, Polynomials. Abstract: A siphon-trap of a Petri net N = (P, T, E, /spl alpha/, /spl beta/) is defined as a set S of places such that, for any transition t, there is an edge from t to a place of S if and only if there is an edge from a place of S to t. In this paper, we propose an O(|P|/sup 2/(|P| + |T| + |E|)) time algorithm GMST and another one GMST/sub i/ that repeats GMST i times. By incorporating GMST/sub i/ into the Fourier-Motzkin method as preprocessing, we propose an algorithm STFM_G/sub i/ for computing minimal-support nonnegative integer invariants. It is shown, through experimental results, that GMST/sub i/ can extract more minimal siphon-traps and is faster than existing algorithms and that STFM_G/sub i/ has high possibility of finding, if any, at least one minimal-support nonnegative integer invariant. |
13,193 | Please write an abstract with title: S2AMP: A High-Coverage Dataset of Scholarly Mentorship Inferred from Publications, and key words: Industries, Gold, Humanities, Publishing, Semantics, Medical services, Manuals. Abstract: Mentorship is a critical component of academia, but is not as visible as publications, citations, grants, and awards. Despite the importance of studying the quality and impact of mentorship, there are few large representative mentorship datasets available. We contribute two datasets to the study of mentorship. The first has over 300,000 ground truth academic mentor-mentee pairs obtained from multiple diverse, manually-curated sources, and linked to the Semantic Scholar (S2) knowledge graph. We use this dataset to train an accurate classifier for predicting mentorship relations from bibliographic features, achieving a held-out area under the ROC curve of 0.96. Our second dataset is formed by applying the classifier to the complete co-authorship graph of S2. The result is an inferred graph with 137 million weighted mentorship edges among 24 million nodes. We release this first-of-its-kind dataset to the community to help accelerate the study of scholarly mentorship:https://github.com/allenai/S2AMP-dataCCS CONCEPTS• Information systems → Data mining. |
13,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Polarization-Insensitive Near Unity Dual Band Microwave Absorber for EMI/EMC Applications, and key words: Microwave measurement, Wireless communication, Absorption, Surface waves, Electromagnetic interference, Dual band, Resonant frequency. Abstract: This paper introduces the novel miniaturized dual band microwave absorber. The structure is composed of two independently connected microstrip lines which resonate to produce two transmission nulls that have nearly unity absorption peaks. The structure is designed on a substrate which is ideal for generating required transmission nulls. The proposed structure has absorption peaks at the X band frequencies of 10.68 GHz and 11.33 GHz frequencies which are used in the Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS) and GSS FSO systems respectively. The results demonstrated that such an absorber does have good absorption and is polarization-independent about large incident angles for both TE mode and TM mode in the two absorption bands. Simulated results demonstrate that the absorption peaks at normal incidence under various polarization angles gives nearly unity absorption. The absorption rates, reflection characteristics and surface current distributions are demonstrated to perfectly illustrate the mechanism of the proposed microwave absorber. The suggested microwave absorber provides better shielding for electromagnetic waves which will be useful for reducing the EMI effects. |
13,195 | Please write an abstract with title: The “ SaterLay ”: an Overlay System for Satellite Based Communities, and key words: Peer to peer computing, Bandwidth, Quality of service, Satellite communication, TCPIP, Protocols, Throughput, Scalability, Disruption tolerant networking, Computer networks. Abstract: Nowadays, both peer-to-peer (p2p) technologies and heterogeneous networks are widely adopted. The p2p communication paradigm has been applied in different scenarios and for different purposes, from file sharing systems to quality of service (QoS) schemes. Besides, satellite communications have been recognized as a key technology in the modem Internet, being sometimes a need to provide connectivity for mobile users or covering isolated areas. However, due to its intrinsic nature, satellite links introduce some pitfalls and real concerns in relation to the standard TCP/IP protocol stack. This paper introduces a p2p-based overlay system called "SaterLay", allowing producing a network independent layer, which recovers to performance issues of the standard TCP/IP protocol stack |
13,196 | Please write an abstract with title: DRIVE DATA CENTER MANAGEMENT AND BUILD BETTER AI WITH IT DEVICES AS SENSORS, and key words: Data centers, Artificial intelligence, Servers, Temperature distribution, Temperature sensors, Monitoring, Temperature measurement. Abstract: The energy costs of data centers continue to rise along with the expansion; Gartner estimates that ongoing power costs are increasing at least 10%/year due to cost per kilowatt‐hour (kWh) increases in underlying demand. It is important that an appropriate data center management strategy is adopted to operate at optimum efficiency, considering the workloads running in a typical data center vary over time. IDC projects half of IT assets in data centers will be able to run autonomously because of embedded AI functionality by 2022. The chapter introduces the current status of data center management, how AI is used in data center management and how it plays a critical role driving data center efficiency and improving data center uptime, and how granular real‐time device‐level temperature monitoring is important for an automated data center management solution. |
13,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Probabilistic motion planning for redundant robots along given end-effector paths, and key words: Path planning, Motion planning, Robots, Kinematics, Optimal control, Orbital robotics, Collision avoidance, Velocity control, Manipulators, Laser beam cutting. Abstract: We consider the problem of planning collision-free motions for a redundant robot whose end-effector must travel along a given path. Although collision avoidance is one of the main reasons for introducing kinematic redundancy in manipulators, the planning methods so far proposed for this particular problem are neither efficient nor complete. In this paper, we introduce some algorithms that may be considered as an extension of probabilistic planning techniques to the problem at hand. All the algorithms are based on the same simple mechanism for generating random samples of the configuration space that are compatible with the end-effector path constraint. Experimental results illustrate the performance of the planners. |
13,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Visual Engine of Smart Planning System Based on Internet of Things, and key words: Wiring, Visualization, Power system dynamics, Decision making, Market research, Power grids, Planning. Abstract: In recent years, the widespread application of the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence has brought a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of human information industry. In the context of smart city planning and construction, it has become a trend to deepen the development of professional planning applications based on the power grid GIS platform, and it has also become a reasonable demand to establish a visual support engine that supports the entire business process of coverage planning. Since the existing GIS platform mainly focuses on the real-time maintenance and management of the power grid, and the development major pays more attention to the development and trend of the future power grid, this article deepens the professional application of development planning on the basis of the power grid GIS platform, and develops the visualization of the intelligent planning system based on the Internet of Things Engine research and application development. The engine realizes automatic analysis on the statistics stage diagram, efficient design on the planning stage diagram, intelligent decision-making on the planning stage diagram, and dynamic tracking on the construction stage diagram. In general, it constructs a visual work engine suitable for the development of different professions and improves the efficiency of planning and design work. |
13,199 | Please write an abstract with title: The generation of high electric field strength RF energy using Marx generators, and key words: Radio frequency, Voltage, Horn antennas, Construction, Ultra wideband technology, Narrowband, Character generation, Signal generators, Antennas and propagation, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: The Wave Erection Marx Generator is proving to be an excellent high voltage source for the direct generation of RF energy. Unfortunately, effectively radiating the impulse energy is challenging, both in efficiency and high voltage-holdoff capability. Successful efforts have been made to generate RF energy in both the Narrow Band and Ultra Wideband realm, with field strengths in excess of I kV/m at 100 m achieved. This paper briefly describes the impulse generator and explores its use for generating Narrow Band RF energy as well as Ultra Wideband energy. Experimental results will be presented. |
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