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13,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Goal-oriented idea generation method for requirements elicitation, and key words: Concrete, Joining processes, Computer science, Collaboration. Abstract: We present an extended version of goal-oriented analysis methods where an idea generation method is combined to reinforce the support of the step for identifying subgoals by a team of stakeholders. To assess our method, experimental results are also discussed. |
13,801 | Please write an abstract with title: RISC V Based Reconfigurable Manager for Event Transmission in SpaceFibre Networks, and key words: Technological innovation, Reduced instruction set computing, Delay effects, Automata, Hardware, Standards. Abstract: In many aerospace networks based on the SpaceFibre standard, there is a need to transfer information about events occurring in various network nodes (terminal nodes, routers) for processing to other nodes. For example, information about faults during operation should be transmitted to a node performing system administration functions. In different networks, the set of events, information about which must be transmitted, the level of criticality of events for the functioning of the system, may be different. The required transmission characteristics may also vary. The SpaceFibre standard includes several mechanisms for transferring information about events from sources (terminal nodes and routers) to handler nodes. Different characteristics can be achieved (guaranteed delivery, guaranteed delivery time, the ability to transfer additional parameters, network load) with using different mechanisms. When designing a specific network, the system developer should be able to determine for each terminal node and router which events should be transmitted for processing to remote nodes and using which mechanisms this should be done. Terminal nodes and routers are developed as universal devices (systems-on-a-chip), which should provide the ability to send information about various events using various mechanisms. However, there are usually limits on the time that elapses between the occurrence of an event and sending information about it. Implementation overheads (area) are generally tightly constrained. The article proposes approach to designing an reconfigurable Event transmitting manager based on the RISC V ISA. For the proposed variants of implementation, the achievable time characteristics and overhead costs are evaluated. |
13,802 | Please write an abstract with title: Mini-threads: increasing TLP on small-scale SMT processors, and key words: Surface-mount technology, Registers, Hardware, Yarn, Pipelines, Parallel processing, Throughput, Application software, Manufacturing processes, Impedance. Abstract: Several manufacturers have recently announced the first simultaneous-multithreaded processors, both as single CPU and as components of multi-CPU chips. All are small scale, comprising only two to four thread contexts. A significant impediment to the construction of larger-scale SMT is the register file size required by a large number of contexts. This paper introduces and evaluates mini-threads, a simple extension to SMT that increases thread-level parallelism without the commensurate increase in register file size. A mini-threaded SMT CPU adds additional per-thread state to each hardware context; an application executing in a context can create mini-threads that will utilize its own per-thread state, but share the context's architectural register set. The resulting performance will depend on the benefits of additional TLP compared to the costs of executing mini-threads with fewer registers. Our results quantify these factors in detail and demonstrate that mini-threads can improve performance significantly, particularly on small-scale, space-sensitive CPU designs. |
13,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation and analysis of uncertainty of measurement results for lower walls of maxillary and frontal sinuses, and key words: calculation of uncertainty, computed tomography, analysis, paranasal sinuses, bone density. Abstract: Uncertainty of Measurement is a parameter associated with the result of the study, characterizing the entire range of values that could reasonably be attributed to this indicator. It helps to unify the process of processing medical data, analyze this data, and obtain new important information based on the findings. The anatomical structure of the paranasal sinuses was studied using spiral computed tomography. Today, computed tomography is the “gold standard” for diagnosing rhinosinusitis. The purpose of our study was the Analysis of Uncertainty of Measurement Results for Anatomical Images obtained in the SCT study of PNSs in physiological conditions and in varying degrees of severity of pathological processes. The study comprises the assessment of Spiral computed tomograms (coronary sections). To measure uncertainty, the maximum and minimum value of each indicator was calculated. Thus, in order to optimize the study of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses according to the spiral computed tomography findings, it is reasonable to apply the method of calculating uncertainty. |
13,804 | Please write an abstract with title: High-throughput LDPC decoders, and key words: Parity check codes, Decoding, Algorithm design and analysis, Memory architecture, Design optimization, Performance loss, Routing, Throughput, Energy consumption, Silicon. Abstract: A high-throughput memory-efficient decoder architecture for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed based on a novel turbo decoding algorithm. The architecture benefits from various optimizations performed at three levels of abstraction in system design-namely LDPC code design, decoding algorithm, and decoder architecture. First, the interconnect complexity problem of current decoder implementations is mitigated by designing architecture-aware LDPC codes having embedded structural regularity features that result in a regular and scalable message-transport network with reduced control overhead. Second, the memory overhead problem in current day decoders is reduced by more than 75% by employing a new turbo decoding algorithm for LDPC codes that removes the multiple checkto-bit message update bottleneck of the current algorithm. A new merged-schedule merge-passing algorithm is also proposed that reduces the memory overhead of the current algorithm for low to moderate-throughput decoders. Moreover, a parallel soft-input-soft-output (SISO) message update mechanism is proposed that implements the recursions of the Balh-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm in terms of simple "max-quartet" operations that do not require lookup-tables and incur negligible loss in performance compared to the ideal case. Finally, an efficient programmable architecture coupled with a scalable and dynamic transport network for storing and routing messages is proposed, and a full-decoder architecture is presented. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture attains a throughput of 1.92 Gb/s for a frame length of 2304 bits, and achieves savings of 89.13% and 69.83% in power consumption and silicon area over state-of-the-art, with a reduction of 60.5% in interconnect length. |
13,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of educational tools to demonstrate the effects of hyper and microgravity on different test bodies, and key words: Gravity, Electrical capacitance tomography, Earth, Space vehicles, Educational programs, Educational institutions, Aerospace testing, System testing, Digital cameras, Visualization. Abstract: Educational and outreach programs in space sciences have been a major concern since the beginning of the Space Era. Education curricula in Brazil rarely consider topics related to manned and unmanned space flight. This lack in the Brazilian education system has motivated the development of educational tools, used to demonstrate the effects of hyper- and microgravity on test bodies, both gravitational environments commonly found in aerospace missions. This paper presents the conception and development of a lift and a centrifuge for microgravity and hypergravity research use, respectively. Experiments were recorded via a digital camera and the images acquired were processed for better visualization of the effects of simulated variation in the gravitational force on test bodies. A CD-ROM was then produced for academic purposes. The final goal of this study is to motivate the insertion of space science related topics in the Brazilian elementary and high schools curricula. |
13,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Outage Management in Active Distribution Network with Distributed Energy Resources, and key words: Schedules, Network topology, Load shedding, Distribution networks, Maintenance engineering, Reliability theory, Topology. Abstract: The occurrence of extreme events may cause outages in the network, affecting loads that are crucial for the functioning of human life. Existing distributed energy resources can be utilized to provide reliable supply to critical loads by forming self-sustained islands within the network. Island partitioning as a restoration strategy is proposed in this paper. A graph theory-based island partitioning scheme and optimal load shedding are modeled for this purpose. Following the repair of failed components, the nodes in the islands need to reconnect to the main operating network. An optimal multi-step reconnection approach is developed for the distribution network to revert to its normal operating state and topology. The proposed framework is evaluated on a modified IEEE 37 node distribution test feeder for two outage scenarios. Results indicate that the island partitioning is an effective restoration scheme, and the multi-step reconnection schedule is dependent on the outage scenario. |
13,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Transcribing Mandarin broadcast news, and key words: Broadcasting, Natural languages, Training data, Acoustic testing, Error analysis, NIST, System testing, Adaptation model, Speech analysis, Speech recognition. Abstract: The paper describes improvements to the LIMSI broadcast news transcription system for the Mandarin language in preparation for the DARPA/NIST Rich Transcription 2003 (RT'03) evaluation. The transcription system has been substantially updated to deal with the varied acoustic and linguistic characteristics of the RT'03 test conditions. The major improvements come from the use of lightly supervised acoustic model training in order to benefit from unannotated audio data, the use of source specific language models, and MDI adaptation to tune the language models for sources with limited amounts of training data. The character error rate on the development data has been reduced from 34.5% with the baseline system to 22.6% with the evaluation system. |
13,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Variational Bayesian Kalman Filtering For Large-Dimensional Gaussian Systems, and key words: Filtering, Heuristic algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Tomography, Bayes methods, Kalman filters, Acceleration. Abstract: This paper considers the unsupervised filtering problem for large-dimensional linear and Gaussian systems, a setup in which the optimal Kalman filter (KF) might not be usable due to the exorbitant computational cost and storage requirements. For this problem, we propose two efficient algorithms based on the variational Bayesian (VB) approach. The first algorithm is an extension of a recent VBKF algorithm to the unsupervised framework, whereas the second algorithm is an accelerated version of the first one, derived based on the adaptation of subspace optimization methods in Hilbert spaces into the space of probability density functions. Furthermore, both algorithms account for the sparsity in the state and observations through heavy-tailed Student-t priors. Results of numerical experiments conducted on a dynamical tomography problem to assess the performances of the proposed schemes are presented. |
13,809 | Please write an abstract with title: A 24-to-32GHz series-Doherty PA with two-step impedance inverting power combiner achieving 20.4dBm P<inf>sat</inf> and 38%/34% PAE at P<inf>sat</inf>/6dB PBO for 5G applications, and key words: Power transmission lines, 5G mobile communication, Power combiners, Broadband amplifiers, Transmitters, Modulation, Throughput. Abstract: Line-of-sight millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 5G phased array systems are key solutions to overcome the free-space path loss while providing a multi-Gbit/s data throughput. To realize these systems, nanoscale CMOS technologies should be exploited to enable high integration, compact area, low cost, and high yield. Besides, 5G systems typically employ spectrally efficient complex modulation schemes with high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs), which demand the transmitter (TX) power amplifier (PA) to operate in power back-off (PBO), thus degrading its average efficiency. Many techniques such as outphasing [1,2], load-modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBAs) [3–4], and Doherty PAs (DPAs) [5–9] are adopted in mm-wave TXs to enhance efficiency at PBO. Among them, the Doherty is an “RF-in RF-out” PBO efficiency enhancement topology supporting signals with large modulation bandwidth. These mm-wave DPAs are inherently narrowband structures due to employing a lumped-element quarter-wave transmission line (QTL). Thus, the broadband operation is only feasible by increasing the complexity of the Doherty power combiner, compromising with its passive efficiency [7–8]. Also, in these architectures, their optimum PAE at PBO is still narrowband while providing broadband P1dB. |
13,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced reliability prediction method based on merging military standards approach with manufacturer's warranty data, and key words: Prediction methods, Merging, Military standards, Warranties, Equations, Accuracy, Manufacturing processes, Pulp manufacturing, History, Q factor. Abstract: This paper presents a practical method of enhancing the process of reliability prediction by merging empirical equations of MIL-HDBK-217 with generic component failure rates, which are obtained from manufacturer's warranty data. Each of those two reliability prediction methods have advantages and disadvantages; though the appropriate combination of both would help the user to overcome their shortcomings and make the most of their benefits. The merging of the two methods can be accomplished by adjusting the appropriate empirical equations and coefficients from MIL-HDBK-217 by multiplying them by W/sub CF/. Where W/sub CF/ is a "warranty correction factor", derived from the analysis of manufacturer's warranty return data. The proposed procedure would greatly enhance the reliability prediction process by: improving the accuracy of MIL-HDBK-217 calculation technique; providing a built-in consistency of the results with the product's warranty data; utilizing product/component history; allowing to account for specific component usage conditions; minimizing the adverse effect of less certain variables, such as quality factor, serial resistance, and others, on the accuracy of reliability prediction; and providing a higher degree of credibility in the eyes of the customer accustomed to traditional reliability prediction methods. |
13,811 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of CSI imperfection on the performance of SVD based adaptive modulation in MIMO systems, and key words: MIMO, Bit error rate, Analytical models, Performance analysis, Equations, Power system modeling, Design engineering, Australia, Information analysis, Channel state information. Abstract: Adaptive modulation (AM) schemes in multiinput multioutput (MIMO) systems are usually designed and analyzed under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we consider the effect of CSI imperfection on the bit error rate (BER) and average spectral efficiency (ASE) performance. Approximate analytical expressions for BER and ASE are derived and verified by simulations. The thresholds for the CSI imperfection are identified, below which an ideally designed AM MIMO system can operate satisfactorily |
13,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Residual Statistics-Based Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Smart Battery Management, and key words: Circuit faults, State of charge, Current measurement, Observers, Integrated circuit modeling, Fault diagnosis, Power electronics. Abstract: Current sensor fault diagnostic is critical to the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to prevent over-charging and over-discharging. Motivated by this, this article proposes a novel residual statistics-based diagnostic method to detect two typical types of sensor faults, leveraging only the 50 current–voltage samples at the startup phase of the LIB system. In particular, the load current is estimated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based model matching with measurable initial system states. The estimation residuals are analyzed statistically with Monte–Carlo simulation, from which an empirical residual threshold is generated and used for accurate current sensor fault diagnostic. The residual evaluation process is well proved with high robustness to the measurement noises and modeling uncertainties. The proposed method is validated experimentally to be effective in current sensor fault diagnosis with low miss alarm rate (MAR) and false alarm rate (FAR). |
13,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Just in time multimedia distribution in a mobile computing environment, and key words: Multimedia computing, Mobile computing, Distributed computing, Pervasive computing, Personal digital assistants, Wearable computers, Ubiquitous computing, Telecommunication computing, Computer networks, Multiaccess communication. Abstract: Poor data rates often hinder the timely dissemination of multimedia content to users in a mobile computing environment. We describe an approach, based on dynamic and proactive precaching, to overcome these limitations. This approach, which we term intelligent precaching, is realized through the innovative deployment of intelligent agents on mobile devices. |
13,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Servo Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Data Fusion, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Training, Vibrations, Fuses, Data integration, Production, Servomotors. Abstract: Servo motor is the core part of automatic production line. Its performance and reliability have great influence on the normal operation of the whole automatic production line. In this paper, a servo motor fault diagnosis method based on data fusion is proposed aiming at the problem that single sensor's diagnosis result is uncertain, the fault degree diagnosis and multi-fault diagnosis are difficult. Adaptive weighted fusion algorithm is used to fuse the vibration signals of two channels at the data layer to enhance the signals. The weighted fusion of fault data with different fault degree is carried out to generate new data with various faults. EWT is improved to denoise the new data generated by fusion and the envelope spectrum diagram of the de-noised signal is obtained. The envelope spectrum diagram is input into the YOLOV3 network as a training set for training, so as to realize fault diagnosis. The results show that the proposed method does not rely on human experience and can be accurately identified in multi-fault state. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high recognition rate and stability. |
13,815 | Please write an abstract with title: The novel algorithm for noniterative weights evaluation of multilayer neural network is presented in this paper, and key words: Multi-layer neural network, Neural networks, Pattern recognition, Iterative algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Erbium, Counting circuits, Numerical models, Neurons, Uniform resource locators. Abstract: The novel algorithm for noniterative weights evaluation of multilayer neural network is presented in this paper. |
13,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Measuring Cryogenic Waveguide Loss in the Terahertz Regime, and key words: Loss measurement, Cryogenics, Surface impedance, Attenuation, Conductivity, Surface roughness, Rough surfaces. Abstract: Waveguide attenuation due to conductor loss increases significantly in the terahertz regime. There are a variety of models to estimate this loss but the accuracy is unverified at cryogenic temperatures above 100 GHz. In this article, we present a new technique for measuring the conductor loss of these waveguides. The technique is based on measurements of a waveguide cavity resonator and uses a frequency- to distance-domain transform to isolate the different orders of transmission through the cavity. By calculating the relative loss between successive orders, we can estimate the loss of the resonator and calculate the waveguide attenuation constant. This technique is less susceptible to calibration errors and standing waves in the measurement system, making it suitable for cryogenic high-frequency measurements. For the purposes of this study, we measured the attenuation constant of several WR-2.8 and WR-3.0 waveguides made from aluminum, gold-plated aluminum, and tellurium copper. At room temperature, the measured attenuation constants were between 0.25 and 0.40 dB/cm in the 260- to 350-GHz frequency range. At cryogenic temperatures (4 K), the attenuation range reduced to between 0.18 and 0.26 dB/cm. |
13,817 | Please write an abstract with title: A programming language for local computations in graphs! Computational completeness, and key words: Computer languages, Distributed computing, Distributed algorithms, Counting circuits, Power system modeling, Database languages, Automata, Logic programming, Encoding, Computer networks. Abstract: We have developed a new programming language for implementing distributed algorithms encoded by means of local computations. This language, called Lidia, is based on a two-level transition system model: the first level is used to specify the behavior of each single component, whereas the second level captures their interactions. Transitions are basically expressed in a precondition-effect style. Lidia depends on a logic L/sub /spl infin//* that is used to express the preconditions of each transition. The main topic of This work is to present the L/sub /spl infin//* language and to bring out some of its basic properties. Moreover, we take advantage of these properties to define a class of distributed algorithms encoded by means of local computations that can be implemented in our programming language. The completeness of Lidia, related to the use of users defined functions, represents the main result of This work. |
13,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Near Field Leaky-Wave Focusing Antenna Using Inhomogeneous Rectangular Waveguide, and key words: Antenna measurements, Nonuniform electric fields, Design methodology, Simulation, Focusing, Rectangular waveguides, Antennas. Abstract: The near field leaky-wave focusing antenna using the inhomogeneous rectangular waveguide is proposed and a design method is presented. The height of the waveguide broad wall is inhomogeneous to obtain focusing effect at a desired position. Simulation results and measured results at Ka-band are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. |
13,819 | Please write an abstract with title: A High-sensitivity Optical MEMS Accelerometer based on SOI Double-side Micromachining, and key words: Optical fibers, Accelerometers, Optical fiber sensors, Optical device fabrication, Micromechanical devices, Optical noise, Optical interferometry. Abstract: High-sensitivity micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers have been widely used in many applications. Although the optical MEMS accelerometers have the advantage of insensitive to electromagnetic interferences, there are still difficulties of integration and fabrication. Therefore, capacitive MEMS accelerometers are more commonly used. This paper introduces a high-sensitivity optical MEMS accelerometer based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) double-side micromachining technology which can overcome the difficulties of both optical component integration and low-frequency suspension system micromachining. The proposed sensor is a silicon flexure accelerometer whose spring-mass structure consists of the compliant spring beams, the proof mass and the sensor frame. When acceleration applies, the in-plane motion of the proof mass can be transduced by an optical interferometer with the Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity formed between the fiber end-face and the proof mass sidewall. The sensitivity of the micro-machined optical accelerometer is measured as 100 ng/√Hz@1 Hz which is better than most of the reported optical MEMS accelerometers. |
13,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of electrical capacitance tomography to the void fraction measurement of two-phase flow, and key words: Electrical capacitance tomography, Capacitance measurement, Fluid flow measurement, Electric variables measurement, Image reconstruction, Capacitive sensors, Dielectric measurements, Permittivity measurement, Data acquisition, Electrodes. Abstract: Based on the electrical capacitance tomography technique, a new method for the void fraction measurement of two-phase flow is proposed. A 12-electrode void fraction measurement system is established. A mathematical model of image reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography is developed. To obtain the quantitative information of two-phase flow, combining the Tikhonov regularization principle and the algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm, a new image reconstruction algorithm is presented. The experimental results show that the accuracy of void fraction measurement is satisfactory. The proposed method is suitable for the void fraction measurement of many kinds of two-phase flow. |
13,821 | Please write an abstract with title: Application Software for Visualization and Quantification of Capillary Networks, and key words: Visualization, Statistical analysis, Software algorithms, Morphology, Skin, Telecommunications, Application software. Abstract: Capillaries immediately respond to various physical stimuli and environmental stressors. Accurate monitoring the capillary network activity enables timely diagnosis of dermatological, cardiovascular and other diseases. In this study, we present a software application for processing skin images, tracking individual capillaries, vessel morphology and hemodynamics measurements. We describe key features of this app and demonstrate its efficiency for visualization and quantification of capillary net-works. |
13,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiple Kernel Learning via Ensemble Artifice in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space, and key words: Computer vision, Computational modeling, Face recognition, Hilbert space, Object recognition, Kernel, Pattern analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble model of multiple kernels called Multiple Kernel Learning via Ensemble Artifice in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (MKLEA) by minimizing unified ensemble loss in multiple Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs). Different from the previous Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) methods which attempt to seek a linear combination of basis kernels as a unified kernel; our MKLEA aims to find multiple solutions in corresponding RKHSs simultaneously. To achieve this goal, the multiple individual kernel losses are integrated into a unified ensemble loss. Therefore, each individual model can co-optimize to learn their optimal parameters in the ensemble framework. Experimental results on several UCI classification and computer vision datasets demonstrate that our proposed MKLEA model achieves best classification performances among comparative MKL methods, such as SimpleMKL, Matrix-Regularized MKL, SpicyMKL and GMKL. |
13,823 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and numerical simulation of a semi-symmetrical groove type resonator at millimeter waves, and key words: Numerical simulation, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Millimeter wave communication, Millimeter wave measurements, Resonance, Resonant frequency, Frequency domain analysis, Computational modeling, Frequency measurement. Abstract: A semi-symmetrical groove guide resonator at millimeter waves is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The structure is made of duraluminium and fabricated with a maximum relative tolerance of less than 0.5%. Its resonance frequencies are measured. The simulations are performed via the powerful time domain simulator FDTD (finite difference time domain). The comparisons are presented and the results are discussed. |
13,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation of Matching Coordinate Systems of Manipulators with Different Spatial Positions, and key words: Integrated circuits, Automation, Transportation, Manipulators, Control systems, Calibration, Sensors. Abstract: The problem of using two or more manipulators together in the same work area is in different coordinate systems. The origin of the coordinate systems of these manipulators is located at different points of the working field. Commonly used calibration and reconciliation systems require operator presence and time. The developed method of automatic calibration is ensured by integrating an additional active calibration module into the control system. This ensures that the position of each manipulator is accurately determined, allowing the calculation of the transition matrix to accommodate different coordinate systems. The described automated method for coordinating coordinate systems can be used for portable manipulator systems that require adjustment after transportation or movement. |
13,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Quality Improvement for PV fed NPC Converter for Grid-Tied Applications, and key words: Voltage control, Pulse width modulation, Power harmonic filters, Modulation, PI control, Harmonic analysis, Switches. Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel converter (MLC) configuration for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) applications. A single-stage control is implemented to feed PV array power to the grid at unity power factor. The direct and quadrature components-based controller is designed to have independent control on active and reactive powers injection. A low computational DC component injection based neutral point voltage (NPV) balance regulator ensures equal charging and discharging of DC-link capacitors. Moreover, the pulse width modulation technique with unipolar pattern is applied at lower switching frequency to adhere with minimum switching losses and power quality standards. The system performance in terms of parameters such as NPV balancing, converter voltage harmonics, the grid current harmonics, and unity power factor operation is analysed at variable irradiances. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink are validated using OPALRT test bench. |
13,826 | Please write an abstract with title: The Role of Low Temperature Plasma Research in Designing the Lightning and Precipitation Static Protection of Novel Aircraft, and key words: Aircraft, Lightning, Discharges (electric), Physics, Military aircraft, Atmospheric modeling, Precipitation. Abstract: The interaction of lightning and electrostatic discharge with aircraft has been investigated for almost a century, and even though associated risks are not a concern in aviation safety, thanks to strict guidelines and measures, protection and mitigation are as much a science as an art. The state of the practice heavily relies on historical information, experience, and testing: an approach that has worked extremely well while aircraft variations have been incremental. These methods are becoming questionable when looking at the landscape of novel vehicles designed to achieve net zero carbon emissions, and for urban transport conquering the sky. In this article, it is argued that addressing the needs of these vehicles will require revisiting some of the fundamentals for leader inception, arc reattachment, and electrostatic discharge, and that an approach informed by physics can lead to models for design, as well as new solutions for protection and risk reduction. The article starts with an introduction to the field of lightning protection of aircraft, followed by an overview of the work performed by the author and collaborators. The emphasis is placed on building bridges between the practical application, at the global aircraft scale, and the fundamental physics of electrical breakdown, at the local discharge-point scale. |
13,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced snake based segmentation of vocal folds, and key words: Image segmentation, Active contours, Shape, Noise shaping, Biomedical imaging, Medical diagnostic imaging, Medical robotics, Hospitals, Endoscopes, Cameras. Abstract: We present a system to segment the medial edges of the vocal folds from stroboscopic video. The system has two components. The first learns a color transformation that optimally discriminates, according to the Fisher linear criterion, between the trachea and vocal folds. Using this transformation, it is able to make a coarse segmentation of vocal fold boundaries. The second component uses an active contour formulation recently developed for the Insight Toolkit to refine detected contours. Rather than tune the internal energy of our active contours to bias for specific shapes, we optimize image energy so as to highlight boundaries of interest. This transformation of image energy simplifies the contour extraction process and suppresses noisy artifacts, which may confound standard implementations. We evaluate our system on stroboscopic video of sustained phonation. Our evaluation compares points on automatically extracted contours with manually supplied points at perceived vocal fold edges. Mean deviations for points located on the minor axes of the vocal folds averaged 2.2 pixels across all subjects, with a standard deviation of 3.6. |
13,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimisation of PECVD poly-SiGe layers for MEMS post-processing on top of CMOS, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Capacitive sensors, Temperature, Nonhomogeneous media, Tensile stress, Conductivity, Crystallization, Gyroscopes, Tensile strain, Mechanical factors. Abstract: Poly-SiGe offers an attractive alternative for low temperature MEMS postprocessing above CMOS. This paper illustrates this fact through several investigations made to obtain a material with excellent mechanical properties (low stress, low stress gradient), and electrical properties (low resistivity) for different structural layer thicknesses and deposition techniques. It was also established that these layers are stable with time and temperature variation, thus ensuring long-term stability in the performance of poly-SiGe based MEMS devices. |
13,829 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Distance Diffusion Algorithm for a Path-Planning Model based on Cellular Automata, and key words: Computational modeling, Lattices, Automata, Collision avoidance, Navigation, Computer architecture. Abstract: Cellular automata (CA) are bio-inspired approach that have been recently investigated to several applications including robotics. An improved model based on CA rules is proposed and evaluated for path-planning in autonomous robots. The objective is to build a short collision-free path from the robot's starting position to the target, trying to avoid unnecessary turns as much as possible. CA rules are used to enlarge obstacles, avoid their concavities and spread the distance from each cell to the target. The robot route is planned using the information of the distance of each free cell to the goal. Experiments were carried out to confirm the efficiency of the new techniques employed. Simulations with the navigation of a e-puck robot using the Webots platform have shown promising results confirming that the model is able to plan smooth and short routes. |
13,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Role of oxygen incorporation in Co-Cr-Pt-Si-O perpendicular magnetic recording media, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Crystallography, Sputtering, Argon, Spectroscopy, X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Magnetic films, Grain boundaries, Coercive force. Abstract: The effect of oxygen incorporation on the crystallographic, magnetic, and recording performance of perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) oxide media was investigated. The media were prepared by dc-magnetron sputtering of CoCrPt-SiO/sub 2/ targets in an Ar/O/sub 2/ gas mixture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detected Cr-O peaks in the sputtered film, whereas no strong evidence of SiO/sub 2/ is seen. Moderate oxygen incorporation in the film (/spl sim/15 at%) promotes Cr-O formation in the grain boundary and results in a dramatic increase of coercivity H/sub c/ and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, as the O/sub 2/ content is further increased, oxide incorporates into the core of the grains, resulting in decreased H/sub c/, magnetization and SNR. |
13,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis With Gait Characteristics Extracted Using Wavelet Transforms, and key words: Wavelet transform, self-similarity, entropy, level-wise cross correlation, classification, Parkinson's disease. Abstract: Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder among adult men and women. The analysis of abnormal gait patterns is among the most important techniques used in the early diagnosis of PD. The overall aim of this study is to identify PD patients using vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) data produced from subjects while walking at a normal pace. Methods and procedures: The current study proposes a novel set of features extracted on the basis of self-similar, correlation, and entropy properties that are characterized by multiscale features of VGRF data in the wavelet-domain. Five discriminatory features have been proposed. PD diagnosis performance of those features are investigated by using a publicly available VGRF dataset (93 controls and 73 cases) and standard classifiers. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) are used for the performance evaluation. Results: The SVM classifier outperformed the LR and KNN classifiers with an average accuracy of 88.89%, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 88%. The integration of these five features from the wavelet domain of data, with three time domain features, stance time, swing time and maximum force strike at toe improved the PD diagnosis performance (approximately by 10%), which outperforms existing studies that are based on the same data set. Conclusion: with the previously published approaches, the proposed prediction methodology consisting of the multiscale features in combination with the time domain features shows better performance with fewer features, compared to the existing PD diagnostic techniques. Clinical impact: The findings suggest that the proposed diagnostic method involving multiscale (wavelet) features can improve the efficacy of PD diagnosis. |
13,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Clipped BagNet: Defending Against Sticker Attacks with Clipped Bag-of-features, and key words: Adaptation models, Privacy, Conferences, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Robustness, Security. Abstract: Many works have demonstrated that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. We examine the adversarial sticker attack, where the attacker places a sticker somewhere on an image to induce it to be misclassified. We take a first step towards defending against such attacks using clipped BagNet, which bounds the influence that any limited-size sticker can have on the final classification. We evaluate our scheme on ImageNet and show that it provides strong security against targeted PGD attacks and gradient-free attacks, and yields certified security for a 95% of images against a targeted 20 × 20 pixel attack. |
13,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter-range parametric amplifier, and key words: Millimeter wave technology, Frequency conversion, Signal design, Diodes, Prototypes, Millimeter wave circuits, Millimeter wave communication, Circuit noise, Low-noise amplifiers, Dielectrics. Abstract: In this paper the results of researching an uncooled parametric low noise amplifier intended as an input stage for 60-65 GHz input devices are given. Electrodynamic characteristics of the oscillatory system using an SBD mounting unit based coaxial waveguide for idle frequency signal circuits are investigated. Experimental results of testing amplifier prototypes executed on unpackaged SBD are shown. Amplification factor amounted to 15 dB, with noise temperature of 550-600 K. |
13,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of DSA based algorithm for Home Area Network, and key words: Sensors, Cognitive radio, Queueing analysis, Wireless sensor networks, Logic gates, Data communication, Image color analysis. Abstract: Wireless applications play an important role in our day today life. But hasty development of wireless applications has made the frequency spectrum a scare resource. The best solution to resolve the problem of spectrum scarcity is Cognitive radio. The secondary users SUs can use the frequency spectrum when the primary users PUs are not present. The cognitive engine is trained to exploit the spectrum, prioritize the smart devices at home using Queuing theory and ensures non-interference with PUs' thereby attains excellent quality of service. Maximum of the earlier works study spectrum sensing or dynamic accessing of the spectrum. In this paper, a framework is been proposed for accessing the spectrum by multiple SUs the multiple channels with cooperative spectrum sensing technique. In order to avoid the interference of PUs with the SUs, the average arrival rate and the data rate of SUs is calculated with the help of queuing theory. Unlike convectional radio, using the cognitive radio we have improved the utilization of the frequency spectrum, the efficiency is improved and excellent performance measures QOS is achieved. CR smart devices like smart grid, security/safety and home automation are used. |
13,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanism for Enhancing Photocurrent of Hot Electron Collection Solar Cells by Adding LiF on the Outmost MAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Layer, and key words: Lead, Photovoltaic cells, Hot carriers, Substrates, Spontaneous emission, Electron traps, Current density. Abstract: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite has been verified as a suitable semiconductor for hot carrier solar cells via transient absorption spectroscopy. Recently, an internally photoemitted hot carrier (IPHC) solar cell with a novel and innovative structure based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite has been achieved. This is a breakthrough in hot carrier study based on perovskite material. To further improve the performance of this newly developed hot electron collection device, a simple and efficient method of adding lithium fluoride (LiF) surface modification layer was applied onto the outmost perovskite layer that benefits both reduction of the trap states and formation of interface dipoles. The IPHC device with LiF modification layer shows a remarkable increase of the short-circuit current density with 20.31% increment. This successful interface engineering proposes a new guideline for further optimizing the performance IPHC and also traditional solar cells based on perovskite. |
13,836 | Please write an abstract with title: HandAid: A Seven DoF Semi-Autonomous Robotic Manipulator, and key words: Manipulators, Lasers, Torque, Robot kinematics, Grasping, Grippers. Abstract: For a person with only one arm, it is not very easy to grasp objects from their surroundings. Human beings have evolved to use both hands to carry out even ordinary tasks. Hence, specially-abled people with only one hand suffer difficulties in their day to day life. We present the development of HandAid, equipment designed to assist single-handed people. HandAid is a semi-autonomous device consisting of a redundant robotic manipulator attachment that can be attached to the shoulder and serves as a prosthetic arm to aid the user. The arm solely cannot identify the object to interact with; hence it is assisted by a headgear containing a stereo-camera and a laser pointer. The user can move his head and guide the laser to the concerned object, the located object is extracted using segmentation, and the point cloud of the object is created to obtain the collision-free path which is traced by the arm to grasp the object. This novel concurrent approach is implemented on ROS, integrated with OpenCV and moveit! for precise recognition and efficient manipulation of the object. Besides, the bot has been simulated on the gazebo to validate the results. |
13,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Application programming structure and physics applications, and key words: Physics, Application software, Laboratories, Java, Object oriented modeling, Databases, Life estimation, Neutrons, Testing, Dynamic programming. Abstract: The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is using a Java based hierarchal framework for application program development. The framework is designed to provide an accelerator physics programming interface to the accelerator, called XAL. Much of the underlying interface to the EPICS control system is hidden from the user. Use of this framework allows writing of general-purpose applications that can be applied to various parts of the accelerator. Also, since the accelerator structure is initiated from a database, introduction of new beamline devices or signal modifications are immediately available for all XAL applications. Direct scripting interfaces are available for both Jython and Matlab, for rapid prototyping uses. Initial applications such as orbit difference, orbit correction and a general purpose diagnostic tool have been developed and tested with the SNS front end. The overall framework is described, and example applications are shown. |
13,838 | Please write an abstract with title: The Star Formation Reference Survey – V. The effect of extinction, stellar mass, metallicity, and nuclear activity on star-formation rates based on H α emission, and key words: ISM: abundances, dust, extinction, galaxies: ISM, galaxies: photometry, galaxies: star formation. Abstract: We present new H α photometry for the Star Formation Reference Survey (SFRS), a representative sample of star-forming galaxies in the local Universe. Combining these data with the panchromatic coverage of the SFRS, we provide calibrations of H α-based star-formation rates (SFRs) with and without correction for the contribution of [N ii] emission. We consider the effect of extinction corrections based on the Balmer decrement, infrared excess, and spectral energy distribution (SED) fits. We compare the SFR estimates derived from SED fits, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hybrid indicators such as 24 µm + H α, 8 µm + H α, FIR + FUV, and H α emission for a sample of purely star-forming galaxies. We provide a new calibration for 1.4 GHz-based SFRs by comparing to the H α emission, and we measure a dependence of the radio-to-H α emission ratio based on galaxy stellar mass. Active galactic nuclei introduce biases in the calibrations of different SFR indicators but have only a minimal effect on the inferred SFR densities from galaxy surveys. Finally, we quantify the correlation between galaxy metallicity and extinction. |
13,839 | Please write an abstract with title: RTSNet: Deep Learning Aided Kalman Smoothing, and key words: Training, Smoothing methods, Neural networks, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Numerical models, Kalman filters. Abstract: The smoothing task is the core of many signal processing applications. It deals with the recovery of a sequence of hidden state variables from a sequence of noisy observations in a one-shot manner. In this work we propose RTSNet, a highly efficient model-based and data-driven smoothing algorithm. RTSNet integrates dedicated trainable models into the flow of the classical Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother, and is able to outperform it when operating under model mismatch and non-linearities while retaining its efficiency and interpretability. Our numerical study demonstrates that although RTSNet is based on more compact neural networks, which leads to faster training and inference times, it outperforms the state-of-the-art, data-driven smoother in a non-linear use case. |
13,840 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Metal Printed Corrugated Waveguide Antenna Array With High Gain and Enhanced Bandwidth, and key words: Antenna measurements, Solid modeling, Slot antennas, Three-dimensional displays, Metals, Three-dimensional printing, Antenna feeds. Abstract: In this paper, wideband corrugated waveguide slot antenna arrays using higher-order modes are investigated. The metal 3D printing technology was used to fabricate the model, and the tested results agreed well with simulated ones. |
13,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual Quality Optimization for View-Dependent Point Cloud Compression, and key words: Video coding, Measurement, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Heuristic algorithms, Tools, Optimization. Abstract: The video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC) is the state-of-the-art dynamic point cloud compression technique. V-PCC projects the 3D point cloud data patch by patch to its bounding box and organizes projected patches into a video frame, making full use of the well-developed video coding tools. Despite its high efficiency, cracks easily exist in the reconstructed point cloud in various viewing angles, which seriously degrades the visual quality. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to improve the visual quality of dynamic point cloud, especially for the main view from the content provider. The relationship between patches and views is exploited, and an algorithm intelligently reserving points that may be discarded in V-PCC is proposed. According to our subjective and perceptual objective evaluation experiments, compared with V-PCC, the overall visual quality of the reconstructed point could is evidently improved. In particular, cracks are mended with our proposed method. The Bjontegaard delta bit-rate reduction of up to 3.1% is achieved with respect to Point Cloud Quality Metric (PCQM), which partially verifies the improvement of subjective quality when adopting the proposed method. |
13,842 | Please write an abstract with title: InCorr: Interactive Data-Driven Correlation Panels for Digital Outcrop Analysis, and key words: Correlation, Three-dimensional displays, Tools, Geologic measurements, Rocks, Solid modeling. Abstract: Geological analysis of 3D Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) for reconstruction of ancient habitable environments is a key aspect of the upcoming ESA ExoMars 2022 Rosalind Franklin Rover and the NASA 2020 Rover Perseverance missions in seeking signs of past life on Mars. Geologists measure and interpret 3D DOMs, create sedimentary logs and combine them in `correlation panels' to map the extents of key geological horizons, and build a stratigraphic model to understand their position in the ancient landscape. Currently, the creation of correlation panels is completely manual and therefore time-consuming, and inflexible. With InCorr we present a visualization solution that encompasses a 3D logging tool and an interactive data-driven correlation panel that evolves with the stratigraphic analysis. For the creation of InCorr we closely cooperated with leading planetary geologists in the form of a design study. We verify our results by recreating an existing correlation analysis with InCorr and validate our correlation panel against a manually created illustration. Further, we conducted a user-study with a wider circle of geologists. Our evaluation shows that InCorr efficiently supports the domain experts in tackling their research questions and that it has the potential to significantly impact how geologists work with digital outcrop representations in general. |
13,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Design considerations for high sensitivity guided SH-SAW chemical sensor for detection in aqueous environments, and key words: Chemical sensors, Polymer films, Chemical analysis, Acoustic signal detection, Design optimization, Surface acoustic wave devices, Acoustic waves, Phase detection, Delay lines, Geometry. Abstract: Guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (guided SH-SAW) devices coated with a polymer waveguiding layer and/or chemically sensitive layer have been investigated for the detection of analytes in liquid environments in our previous work. Design considerations for optimizing these devices for liquid phase detection is the focus of the current work. Using dual delay line geometry on LiTaO/sub 3/, guided SH-SAW sensors are designed and analyzed. The reference line, used to correct for changes in environmental conditions such as temperature fluctuations, is coated with a waveguiding layer of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The sensing line is coated either with a polymer that functions as both the waveguiding layer and the chemically sensitive layer (3-layer model) or with a PMMA waveguiding layer below the chemically sensitive layer (4-layer model). Experimental measurements show the 3-layer model provides higher sensitivity than the 4-layer model. Increased sensitivity when using the 4-layer model can only be achieved through rigorous selection of the guiding polymer layer and chemically sensitive layer, considering both mass loading and viscoelastic effects. Appropriate selection of the partially selective chemical layer to optimize sensitivity is also a critical design factor, particularly in sensing polar analytes in aqueous sensing applications. A methodology based on attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for screening the potential effectiveness of new polymer coatings for these devices has been developed and used in our work. The ATR-FTIR methodology provides an accurate determination of trends for partitioning of analytes from water into polymer coatings. |
13,844 | Please write an abstract with title: The Security Method in MQTT Protocol for Internet of Things, and key words: Protocols, Unsolicited e-mail, Authentication, TCPIP, Encryption, Security, Telemetry. Abstract: One of the most extensive protocols on the Internet of Things is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). However, there is no complete security method for the security of this protocol. The confidentiality and integrity of the message cannot be ensured. In the Industrial Internet of Things, there is more and more confidential or sensitive information. Therefore, it is important to deliver the message correctly. The issue of information security has gradually received attention. MQTT, which only relies on TCP/IP, does not have encryption protection. It may become the target of a man-in-the-middle attack. This paper uses a new architecture to protect MQTT in two stages. First, it uses a one-time-password as the first-stage authentication mechanism. It is an OTP-based identity verification method and an effective algorithm to protect the device from improper use. It can eliminate the risk of unauthorized users gaining access rights. The second stage is to use the simple restriction of black and white lists. It realizes the second identity verification. Finally, to prevent sensitive information from being stolen or modified after being cracked. It encrypts the payload with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Ensure that confidential or sensitive information will not leak out due to attacks. In this way, the confidentiality and integrity of the data can be ensured. |
13,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Acousto-optic Interactions in Silicon Photonics, and key words: Transducers, Phase modulation, Silicon-on-insulator, Waveguide lasers, Silicon, Standards, Photonics. Abstract: We demonstrate integrated, electrically-driven acousto-optic modulators by fabricating electromechanical transducers in piezoelectric aluminium nitride on a standard silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform. Phase modulation and single-sideband modulation and mode conversion from 1-5 GHz are achieved. * 2020 The Author(s). |
13,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Contrastive Predictive Coding Supported Factorized Variational Autoencoder For Unsupervised Learning Of Disentangled Speech Representations, and key words: Training, Convolutional codes, Speech coding, Convolution, Conferences, Predictive coding, Robustness. Abstract: In this work we address disentanglement of style and content in speech signals. We propose a fully convolutional variational autoencoder employing two encoders: a content encoder and a style encoder. To foster disentanglement, we propose adversarial contrastive predictive coding. This new disentanglement method does neither need parallel data nor any supervision. We show that the proposed technique is capable of separating speaker and content traits into the two different representations and show competitive speaker-content disentanglement performance compared to other unsupervised approaches. We further demonstrate an increased robustness of the content representation against a train-test mismatch compared to spectral features, when used for phone recognition. |
13,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Consistency Regularization Auto-Encoder Network for Semi-Supervised Process Fault Diagnosis, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Feature extraction, Training, Semisupervised learning, Data models, Supervised learning, Deep learning. Abstract: Industrial processes are developing toward intelligence and complexity, which brings challenges to intelligent process monitoring. An effective fault diagnosis model plays a vital role in ensuring process safety. However, labeling process samples is time-consuming and costly, which make it hard to obtain enough labeled samples to train an effective diagnostic model. This motivates the development of semi-supervised learning which basic idea is to use unlabeled data to help limited labeled data for model training. In this article, a consistency regularization autoencoder (CRAE) framework based on encoder–decoder network is proposed to overcome the problem caused by limited labeled samples. The proposed CRAE captured temporal and spatial correlations from both labeled and unlabeled samples to realize fault diagnosis. First, single process sample is processed as sample matrix using proposed data augmented strategy which can help the proposed method to extract more representative features. Second, local encoder and global encoder are proposed to extract local and global temporal and spatial features from sample matrices. Next, the local and global features are fused as the input of decoder network, which improve the ability of reconstruction. Finally, the consistency regularization (CR) method is introduced into the encoder–decoder framework to push the decision boundary to the low-density area, which make the distinction among different categories more obvious to help the model better achieve the classification task. Experiments on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process show that the proposed method is effective for process fault diagnosis when labeled samples are limited compared to the other semi-supervised algorithms. |
13,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristic Research on the Sensor for Inter-turn Partial Discharge Measurement of Inverter-fed Motor Winding, and key words: Windings, Magnetic cores, Traction motors, Partial discharges, Resonant frequency, Insulation, Electric potential. Abstract: In this paper, the characteristics of a novel type of non-contact electromagnetic induction sensor suitable for inter-turn partial discharge (PD) detection under an induced impulse voltage were studied. Taking the flexible advantage of ferrum-based nanocrystalline alloy thin strip applied in the open magnetic core, the sensor was desigined to be sensitive for the detection of high frequency but low amplitude PD current signal, and had a flexible and thin framework based on consideration of the convenient arrangement at the limted air gapness between the adjacent end-windings of motor. Through the sensor equivalent circuit model established, the curve patterns of the sensor's amplitude gain in the frequency domain were obtained. The transfer characteristics of the sensor were studied by means of theoretical and simulated analysis. The sensor's amplitude performes a bell-shaped characteristic, and its maximum gain can reach 10kV/A at a frequency of about 55 MHz. The finally experimental results, obtained from a typical case of the inverter-fed traction motor windings with the inter-turn void defects, have indicated that the this sensor has a excellent performance in detecting response signal of possible inter-turn PD of motor. |
13,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation and optimization of package processing and design through solder joint profile prediction, and key words: Design optimization, Process design, Soldering, Wafer scale integration, Shape, Assembly, Chip scale packaging, Application software, Analytical models, Software packages. Abstract: Solder joints are generated using a variety of methods to provide both mechanical and electrical connection for applications such as flip-chip, wafer level packaging, fine pitch, ball-grid array, and chip scale packages. Solder joint shape prediction has been incorporated as a key tool to aid in process development, wafer level and package level design and development, assembly, and reliability enhancement. This work demonstrates the application of an analytical model and the Surface Evolver software in analyzing a variety of solder processing methods and package types. Bump and joint shape prediction was conducted for the design of wafer level bumping, flip-chip assembly, and wafer level packaging. The results from the prediction methodologies are validated with experimentally measured geometries at each level of design. |
13,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Utilizing higher order statistics of packet interarrival times for bottleneck detection, and key words: Higher order statistics, Monitoring, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Spine, Throughput, Delay, Informatics, Distribution functions, Robustness. Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach for determining bottleneck link locations in a network. The considered measurement model is passive monitoring of a backbone link. We analyze the properties of packet interarrival time (PIT) distribution functions of network segments and make decisions whether the extracted properties of a link suggest bottleneck behavior or not. The correlation between bottleneck behavior and packet interarrival time distribution is demonstrated through simulations featuring tighter and tighter bottleneck connections. Locating shared bottlenecks with passive monitoring requires effective metrics for distinguishing seriously congested links from normal or underutilized connections. The current paper presents the third and fourth central moments (skewness and kurtosis, respectively) of PIT distribution as possible and promising metrics for bottleneck detection. According to the simulation results, kurtosis of PITs is found to be a powerful measure of bottleneck behavior. This is further validated by investigation of real measurement data. |
13,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive array with binaural processor, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Phased arrays, Signal processing, Interference, Filters, Amplitude modulation, Antenna arrays, Auditory system, Linear antenna arrays, Hafnium. Abstract: A two element adaptive array for SSB and CW signals is described. The signals from the two elements are linearly translated to audio and presented binaurally to the observer. The observer hears the signals in a perceived space, with signals arriving from different directions localized at different points in the perceived space. The observer may concentrate on a signal localized at one point while ignoring signals localized at other points. Experimental observations are reported for HF signals in noise and interference, VHF signals in white noise and multipath, and UHF CW signals in an anechoic chamber. |
13,852 | Please write an abstract with title: A DC-coupled low-power transimpedance amplifier architecture for Gb/s communication system applications, and key words: Voltage, Optical amplifiers, Character generation, Impedance, Broadband amplifiers, Optical buffering, Optical feedback, Optical receivers, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Resistors. Abstract: A DC-coupled transimpedance amplifier (TIA) architecture for optical receiver front-ends with low-power requirements is demonstrated. 12.5 Gb/s performance is achieved for TIAs implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS and 47 GHz f/sub T/ SiGe BiCMOS technologies while drawing approximately 1 mA from 1.5 V and 1.8 V supplies, respectively. |
13,853 | Please write an abstract with title: An Enhanced Distributed Computational Platform for Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies, and key words: Hospitals, Conferences, Telemedicine, Surveillance, Distributed databases, Genetics, Picture archiving and communication systems. Abstract: The collection and sharing of diagnostic information is crucial for future tele-medicine scenarios where sharing and analyzing patients' data will be standard practice.This paper presents the interdisciplinary research efforts aimed at the creation of a novel distributed repository (a registry) to collect and share genotypic and phenotypic data (clinical data and diagnostic images) from a comprehensive cohort of patients affected by Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies. Medical research on DEEs greatly benefits from the availability of such registry because these pathologies are characterized by the co-occurrence of many comorbidities. The registry is fed and used by three reference pediatric hospitals located in Florence, Pisa, and Siena and, to the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first Italian registry created for such scope.The REgistry for developMental and Epileptic encephalopathies and meDIcal comorbiditiES (REMEDIES), collects clinical and genetic data for DEE diagnosis and follow up. It is based on a software platform that, using a metadata-based generative approach, allows to quickly deploy a multi-center registry. In addition, it uses open-data and it has been integrated with relevant medical ontologies and genetic data repositories available worldwide. The registry is complemented by a front-end Picture Archiving and Communication System allowing the three involved medical centers to feed it with data about single cases followed by different centers in a joint effort for data collection.REMEDIES and its Picture Archiving and Communication System supports the healthcare process in (i) implementing and standardizing patients' phenotyping, follow up, and management; (ii) fostering medical advancement on ad hoc molecular diagnostic algorithms for genetic mutationsdetection; (iii) enhancing the collection of statistical data about the affected population to perform epidemiological studies, longterm follow up of patients and personalized screenings. |
13,854 | Please write an abstract with title: PGA constitution and bylaws, and key words: IEEE bylaws. Abstract: The Constitution and bylaws of the IRE Professional Group on Audio (PGA) of The Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), Incorporated are presented. |
13,855 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel approach on transformation and analysis of data linked to distributed databases: A case study, and key words: Data privacy, Databases, Redundancy, Distributed databases, Relational databases, Metadata, Servers. Abstract: In general, transformation of data in several forms nowadays is quite possible and feasible due to easy accumulation as well as storage linked with large volume databases. In fact, the complexity of tasks associated with the queries in the databases can be optimized and resolved prioritizing the activities involved in the applications. Usually the traditional approaches linked with the conventional databases may not be adequate towards satisfying the requirements in the current situations. It is essential to focus on the emerging applications of databases being suitable towards obtaining optimality on large scaled data. In this manuscript, it is intended to prioritize and optimize the data linked to distributed relational database implementing soft computing approach. Also it may keep the information regarding the structure and association of database queries. The optimality in this case can be obtained based on the volume of stored data along with the execution time of database queries. |
13,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation-based uniform value function estimates of discounted and average-reward MDPs, and key words: Convergence, State-space methods, Space stations, State estimation, Equations, Stochastic processes, Game theory, Dynamic programming, Computational modeling, Optimal control. Abstract: The value function of a Markov decision problem assigns to each policy its expected discounted reward. This expected reward can be estimated as the empirical average of the reward over many independent simulation runs. We derive bounds on the number of runs needed for the convergence of the empirical average to the expected reward uniformly for a class of policies, in terms of the V-C or pseudo dimension of the policy class. Uniform convergence results are also obtained for the average reward case. They can be extended to partially observed MDPs and Markov games. The results can be viewed as an extension of the probably approximately correct (PAC) learning theory for partially observable MDPs (POMDPs) and Markov games. |
13,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Arduino based Automated Sports Court Drawing Bot, and key words: DC motors, Painting, Robot sensing systems, Mobile robots, Roads. Abstract: Stadium maintenance staff are one of those people who work hard to maintain the court correctly. One of the items that often require rework is the lines drawn on the court for maintenance of track or boundaries or even the entire court when it is football stadium etc. Besides, for indoor stadiums that host volleyball, basketball, tennis, etc., lines need to be drawn. Redrawing the court after each match is one of the major problems of concern. In such a scenario, a system is proposed that can draw the court lines autonomously. The objective of this research work is to present a design of an autonomous sports court drawing bot that can draw the linear lines automatically which can aid in the maintenance work of the sports stadium. |
13,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Village Voices in Africa, Cameroon: Part 3—Electrification of Off-Grid Villages in Cameroon, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy sources, Africa, Batteries, Solar power generation. Abstract: This article describes a plan and demonstration system for the large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery minigrids throughout the 10 regions of Cameroon. The developer for this effort, Renewable Energy Innovators—Cameroon (REIc), has been a core developer of the IEEE Smart Village family of minigrid products (please see “Part 1” of this series) over a 10-yr period. |
13,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Steady-State Disturbance Compensation for Constrained Linear Systems: The Gaussian Noise Case, and key words: Stationary state, Probabilistic logic, Covariance matrices, Steady-state, Linear systems, Gaussian noise. Abstract: We consider the problem of designing a disturbance compensator for a discrete time linear system, so as to optimize a performance index while satisfying probabilistic state and input constraints in steady-state conditions. The problem is formulated as a chance-constrained program that depends on the compensator parameters through the state and input stationary distributions. In this article, we focus on the Gaussian noise case and provide an analytic expression of the stationary state distribution as a function of the compensator parameters. This expression can be used in the chance-constrained program, which can then be tackled via the scenario approach. Some useful extensions of the setup are also discussed to further broaden the applicability of the approach. Performance of the proposed design methodology is shown on a building energy management problem where cyclostationary disturbances are compensated, thus providing a stochastic periodic control solution. |
13,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Copper and Aluminum Heat Sinks Addition to the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels with CFD Modelling, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Temperature distribution, Simulation, Heat engines, Heat sinks, Heat transfer, Resistance heating. Abstract: Increasing the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) panels in operation due to excessive exhaust heat from solar radiation leads to decrease efficiency and reduce service life. This research uses a numerical model to study heat transfer in PV panels by adding a heat sink as a cooling device. The heat sink is a device consisting of a base and fins. In this study, it is made into four variations of base and fins, namely: 1) Al-Al; 2) Cu-Al; 3) Al-Cu; 4) Cu-Cu mounted on the bottom of the PV panel. The efficiency of a PV panel is determined by comparing the simulation results of a PV panel with four variations of the heat sink, using ANSYS-Fluent software. The simulation results are presented in the form of temperature distribution contours from the model and velocity profile of the fluid passing through the heat sink. From the research that has been conducted, a significant decrease in temperature occurs in the combination of Al-Cu with a reduced value of up to 22°C so it can overcome excess heat and increase the efficiency of the PV. |
13,861 | Please write an abstract with title: An ANN-Based Data Fusion Algorithm for INS/CNS Integrated Navigation System, and key words: Navigation, Mathematical models, Sensors, Sensor systems, Kalman filters, Aircraft navigation, Gyroscopes. Abstract: For INS/CNS integrated navigation system, the performance of data fusion algorithms based on the Kalman filter is seriously degraded when the subsystems have discrepant sampling-frequency. Therefore, a fusion algorithm based on locally weighted linear regression (LWLR), long short-term memory (LSTM), and cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is proposed. First, we construct a deeper coupled INS/CNS system model based on the low-frequency error of the star sensor. Then, during the CNS data sampling interval, LWLR is employed to fit the CNS data, and CKF is used to fuse the fitted CNS data with INS data. And the estimated error calculated using CKF is optimized by LSTM. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm suppresses the divergence problem caused by different sampling-frequency and improves the attitude estimation accuracy of the navigation system. |
13,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of the magnetic losses in induction motors based on the generalized Epstein test, and key words: Magnetic losses, Induction motors, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic materials, Materials testing, Pulse width modulation, Rotors, Magnetic cores, Estimation error. Abstract: The results obtained from the standard method for the characterization of magnetic materials - the Epstein test - lead to significant errors in the estimation of magnetic losses in induction motors. Among the induction motor characteristics not accounted for in the Epstein test method, one can point out: winding distribution, cutting stresses, anisotropy, PWM supply and rotor losses (surface losses and interbar current losses). The generalized Epstein test method - GET - is introduced as an alternative to improve the estimation of magnetic losses in induction motors from tests performed on core material samples similar to the ones used in the standard Epstein test. In this paper, the GET is discussed and applied in the estimation of the magnetic losses in induction motors build from different core materials. Associated methods employed in the determination of the proper excitation harmonics and computation of rotor magnetic losses are also discussed. Experimental results are included to illustrate the proposed method. |
13,863 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for best Accuracy COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Chest X-Ray Images, and key words: COVID-19, Machine learning algorithms, Computational modeling, Gaussian processes, Predictive models, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) changed the view of people towards life in all the countries of the world in December 2019. The virus has made chaos that cannot be predicted. This problem requires using a variety of technologies to aid in the identification of COVID-19 patients and to control the disease spread. For suspected instances of COVID-19 disease, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a standard with fewer costs, but it does not need a COVID-19 examination approach without using technology to help for a suitable diagnosis. In response to this issue, a big dataset of CXR images was divided into four classes found on the website Kaggle. Dealing with large data of the images needs dataset reprocessing through choosing the optimal method for getting speed and best accuracy. Dataset reprocessing converts into gray level then adjust image intensity, resize and extract the best features then apply Machine Learning ML models. The use of different prediction models, ML algorithms, and their performances are calculated with evaluation on the dataset after reprocessing. Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Logistic Regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) are models used to foretell the specialized who would be diagnosed with COVID-19 quickly by using CXR images classification. The KNN has revealed the best accuracy compared with the others such as GNB, DT, SGD, LR, and RF. Also, KNN has the best-weighted average for all parameters, which are precision, sensitivity, and F1-score compared with the other models. |
13,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the Scattering Contribution by RCS Feature Extraction Using Point Scatterer Modeling with Compressive Sensing, and key words: Radar cross-sections, Computational modeling, Radar clutter, Scattering, Tail, Radar scattering, Radar imaging. Abstract: This paper has been presented the point scatterer modeling technique to extract the radar cross section (RCS) properties for each parts of the radar object. Back-scattered electric field is formulated in matrix form by combination of the effects of scattering sources and phase correction term, and complex-valued point scatterers are computed by using iterative solver based on basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) algorithm, a kind of compressive sensing (CS). Applying the proposed method to the numerical example, simple missile model, the RCSs caused by head, leading edges, and tail wings are retrieved, and it has been verified that the proposed method can be applied to scattering factor analysis by the comparison of three components for contributions to overall RCS level. |
13,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Performance Analysis for Linear Slowly Time-Varying Perturbations, and key words: Robustness, Performance analysis, Robust stability, Testing, Uncertainty, Robust control, Stability analysis, Frequency, Upper bound, Information analysis. Abstract: Robust performance analysis problem is considered for LTI systems subject to block-diagonal structured and bounded LTV perturbations with specified maximal variation rates. Analysis methods are developed in terms of semi-definite programming problems for the computation of upper and lower bounds for optimum robust performance levels. Upper bound computation is based on an IQC test developed using a generalized version of the so-called swapping lemma. Lower bound computation method employs a power-distribution- theorem-based result from the literature together with a generalized version of the KYP lemma and serves as a means to assess the conservatism of the computed upper bounds in the case of dynamic LTV perturbations. |
13,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Mapping Acoustics to Articulatory Gestures in Dutch: Relating Speech Gestures, Acoustics and Neural Data, and key words: Biological system modeling, Neural activity, Muscles, Prediction algorithms, Acoustics, Brain-computer interfaces, Data models. Abstract: Completely locked-in patients suffer from paralysis affecting every muscle in their body, reducing their communication means to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). State-of-the-art BCIs have a slow spelling rate, which inevitably places a burden on patients' quality of life. Novel techniques address this problem by following a bio-mimetic approach, which consists of decoding sensory-motor cortex (SMC) activity that underlies the movements of the vocal tract's articulators. As recording articulatory data in combination with neural recordings is often unfeasible, the goal of this study was to develop an acoustic-to-articulatory inversion (AAI) model, i.e. an algorithm that generates articulatory data (speech gestures) from acoustics. A fully convolutional neural network was trained to solve the AAI mapping, and was tested on an unseen acoustic set, recorded simultaneously with neural data. Representational similarity analysis was then used to assess the relationship between predicted gestures and neural responses. The network's predictions and targets were significantly correlated. Moreover, SMC neural activity was correlated to the vocal tract gestural dynamics. The present AAI model has the potential to further our understanding of the relationship between neural, gestural and acoustic signals and lay the foundations for the development of a bio-mimetic speech BCI. Clinical Relevance- This study investigates the relationship between articulatory gestures during speech and the underlying neural activity. The topic is central for development of brain-computer interfaces for severely paralysed individuals. |
13,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband mid-infrared integrated electro-optic modulator based on a Schottky diode embedded in a graded SiGe waveguide, and key words: Integrated optics, Schottky diodes, Absorption, Conferences, Electrooptic modulators, Numerical simulation, Broadband communication. Abstract: We present an integrated electro-optical modulator based on a Schottky diode embedded in a graded-index SiGe waveguide, operating in a wide mid-IR range from 6.4 to 10.7 µm wavelength. A 1.3 dB absorption variation is reported, which is already compatible with onchip synchronous detection experiments. |
13,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Knowledge strategy: toward to dynamically integrating technological innovation with knowledge management, and key words: Technological innovation, Innovation management, Knowledge management, Technology management, Asset management, Resource management, Costs, Uncertainty, Environmental economics, Fuel economy. Abstract: In the knowledge economy the one sure source of lasting competitive advantage is knowledge. In the theoretical field, interest in knowledge management has grown dramatically. In the business community, organizations are coming to regard knowledge-based intangible assets such as technological know-how and innovation as their most valuable and strategic resource, and they are also increasingly realizing that they must effectively and efficiently manage and cultivate their knowledge and competencies to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scarcity on knowledge strategy toward dynamically integrating technological innovation with knowledge management in academic and practical domain. Therefore, based on some theories such as technological innovation, strategic management, transaction cost economics, organizational learning and knowledge management, the framework of knowledge strategy and the model of knowledge-based communities of creation are put forward and analyzed empirically in this paper. Several important knowledge management practices to push technological innovation process are discussed. |
13,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilevel CSC System Based on Series–Parallel Connected Three-Phase Modules With Optimized Carrier-Shift SPWM, and key words: Pulse width modulation, Switches, Reliability, Power harmonic filters, HVDC transmission, Wind turbines. Abstract: Current source converter (CSC) is widely used in high power applications. To increase the system power rating, both series and parallel connections can be adopted and implemented easily. In this article, a mixed series-parallel CSC structure is proposed for high power application. An optimized carrier-shift sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) is adopted for the mixed system to simultaneously improve the dc-link voltage quality and achieve multilevel ac output, which can potentially reduce the size of dc- and ac-side filters. Meanwhile, the system reliability can be significantly improved due to the modular design with carrier-shift SPWM and inherent short-circuit protection of CSC. With these advantages, the proposed mixed series-parallel CSC structure can be an attractive candidate for medium-voltage drives, high-voltage direct current, and offshore wind power applications. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the novel mixed series-parallel CSC system with optimized carrier-shift SPWM. |
13,870 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Model for Anomalous Wireless Link Detection, and key words: Wireless communication, Deep learning, Training, Knowledge engineering, Computational modeling, Tools, Feature extraction. Abstract: Machine learning (ML) techniques play a significant role in detecting anomalous wireless links. However, to date, to the extent of our knowledge, there is no robust classifier that would work in a realistic scenario where various anomalies could appear concurrently in the time-series gleaned from the network monitoring tools. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning based classifier and show that is able to outperform the state of the art for existing link layer anomalies. Our evaluation results demonstrate that the state-of-the ML models perform with an average accuracy of about 63%, whereas the average accuracy of the proposed DL model is around 90%, indicating a significant improvement of 27 percentage points anomaly detection performance. |
13,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Active Exploration and Mapping via Iterative Covariance Regulation over Continuous SE(3) Trajectories, and key words: Manifolds, Uncertainty, Optimal control, Robot sensing systems, Regulation, Iterative algorithms, Sensors. Abstract: This paper develops iterative Covariance Regulation (iCR), a novel method for active exploration and mapping for a mobile robot equipped with on-board sensors. The problem is posed as optimal control over the SE(3) pose kinematics of the robot to minimize the differential entropy of the map conditioned the potential sensor observations. We introduce a differentiable field of view formulation, and derive iCR via the gradient descent method to iteratively update an open-loop control sequence in continuous space so that the covariance of the map estimate is minimized. We demonstrate autonomous exploration and uncertainty reduction in simulated occupancy grid environments. |
13,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and optimization of static power considering transition dependency of leakage current in VLSI circuits, and key words: Leakage current, Very large scale integration, Voltage, Subthreshold current, Tunneling, Combinational circuits, Stacking, Logic gates, History, MOSFETs. Abstract: We show that leakage current in VLSI circuits is not only a function of the current state (input combination) of a combinational circuit but also is dependent on the state history (previous input combinations). As an example application of the transition-dependent leakage model, we extend a known technique for calculating and applying the minimum leakage input vector to a combinational circuit in the standby mode to one which calculates and applies a pair of input vectors to initialize the circuit to the minimum leakage configuration. |
13,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Fiber Tip Micro Anemometer, and key words: Optical fiber sensors, Optical fibers, Blades, Fluid flow measurement, Rotors, Sensors, Optical fiber polarization. Abstract: This work demonstrates a micro anemometer monolithically integrated onto a cleaved optical fiber via two-photon polymerization microfabrication. The sensing mechanism features an aerodynamically driven rotor which spins in response to an incident flow. Light exiting the core of the optical fiber is reflected back into the fiber core at a flow-dependent rate as the blades pass by. The device operated successfully over a range of 9.35-24.28 LPM using Nitrogen gas, and achieved a linear response of 706 ± 43 reflections/LPM over a range of 10.97-11.79 LPM. |
13,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of 2-FAL and Moisture Content in Transformer Oil using Capacitive Sensor, and key words: Degradation, Oils, Moisture, Oil insulation, Capacitive sensors, Sensors, Compounds. Abstract: The Transformer is one of the important equipment of power systems. It is very vital link in generation, transmission and distribution in electrical power system. It is subjected to harsh environmental and operational conditions that lead degradation of insulation system and eventually reduction in its useful life. The degradation of insulation system of transformer produces different insulation degradation compounds. These degradation compounds are found dissolved in oil. It is possible to assess health of oil immersed transformer by estimating concentration of these compounds in oil. 2-FAL (2-Furfuraldehyde) and Moisture are very important degradation components that can be used to determine the ageing of insulation systems or health condition of the transformer. A simple and Cost-friendly Inter digital (IDT) capacitive sensor has been proposed in present work with structural configurations of (1-1-1) and (1-3-1). Simulation of given sensor has been carried out on COMSOL Multiphysics software. where, Al2O3 and PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) are used as the different sensing materials. A feasibility study is carried out successfully. The proposed IDT capacitive sensor is a low cost and reliable solution for on-site testing of transformer oil. |
13,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Method for applying reinforcement learning to motion planning and control of under-actuated underwater vehicle in unknown non-uniform sea flow, and key words: Learning, Motion control, Underwater vehicles, Motion planning, Mobile robots, Communication system control, Neurons, Turning, Marine vehicles, Acceleration. Abstract: The development of a practical motion planning and control algorithm for under-actuated robots in an unknown disturbance is a very important issue in robotics research. In the case of under actuated underwater vehicles, developing such an algorithm has been particularly problematic for several reasons. First, not only the kinematical characteristics of the motion but also the dynamical characteristics of the underwater vehicle must be considered in the motion planning calculation. Second, it is very difficult to ascertain the exact distribution of the velocity of non-uniform sea flow around obstacles on the seabed before the mission. Third, the effect of the sea flow on the motion of an underwater vehicle is very large because the speed of sea flow is very high compared with the vehicle's. This paper proposes a new method based on the application of reinforcement learning to solve these problems. Reinforcement learning based on the Markov decision process (MDP) is known to be suitable for acquiring motion control algorithms for robots acting in a stochastic environment with disturbance. However, to apply reinforcement learning method, the robot's motion must be suitably digitized and the learning environment must be equal to the robot's mission environment. This paper introduces a motion digitizing method based on an artificial neuron model and a method for making up for the difference between learning and mission environments. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined by the dynamical simulation of an under-actuated underwater vehicle cruising in an environment with an obstacle and an unknown non-uniform flow simulated by potential flow. |
13,876 | Please write an abstract with title: A survey of data resources for simulating patient flows in healthcare delivery systems, and key words: Medical services, Hospitals, Medical diagnostic imaging, Fault location, Analytical models, Calibration, Urban areas, Discrete event simulation, Medical treatment, Delay. Abstract: Modeling and simulation studies of patient flows in healthcare systems have been reported consistently in these proceedings for over a decade. Our ongoing research in this area is motivated by our desire to develop models which will illuminate the causes and remedies for repeated area-wide ambulance diversions experienced in a metropolitan hospital system. In this paper we summarize our background research on the sources of data available to calibrate patient-flow simulation models, including time series for patient admission, discharge, diagnoses, length-of-stay, and inpatient census for emergency departments and hospitals. Specifically, we review the input analyses reported for various prior simulation studies, including data capture and technical difficulties in reducing data for model calibration. We also suggest alternative sources of data that could prove especially useful in simulation studies of mass ambulance diversions, as well as heavy, area-wide patient loads that might be associated with emergency responses. |
13,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Balance and Cache Optimization Routing Algorithm Based on Communication Willingness, and key words: Energy consumption, Simulation, Conferences, Routing, Mathematical model, Optimization. Abstract: Existing opportunistic network routing algorithms usually have two main problems: excessive calculation of key nodes leads to the uneven energy consumption of nodes, and limited remaining cache of nodes leads to the loss of important messages. To solve the above problems, this paper proposed a new opportunistic network routing algorithm-EC-CW, which forwards messages according to the multi-copy mechanism and the communication willingness between nodes. The simulation results show that EC-CW reduces the average latency and the overhead rate in the nodes-sparse opportunistic network scenarios composed of high-cache nodes; EC-CW improves the delivery rate and reduces the overhead rate in the nodes-intensive opportunistic network scenarios composed of low-cache nodes. |
13,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolutional Neural Network to Retrieve Water Depth in Marine Shallow Water Area From Remote Sensing Images, and key words: Remote sensing, Data models, Atmospheric modeling, Laser radar, Mathematical model, Satellites, Correlation. Abstract: The local connection characteristics of convolutional neural network (CNN) are linked with the local spatial correlation of image pixels for water depth retrieval in this article. The method has greater advantages and higher precision than traditional retrieval methods. Traditional remote sensing empirical models require manual extraction of retrieval factors and the process is complex. This article proposes a model based on CNN, which uses different remote sensing images in four spectral bands, red, green, blue, and near-infrared, to retrieve the water depth. In general, CNN is mostly used for image recognition and classification tasks, which can make full use of the local spatial correlation between pixels. The method in this article exploits this feature of CNN for water depth retrieval, taking into consideration the nonlinear relationship between the radiance value and water depth value from adjacent and central pixels. In this article, remote sensing image data, measured water depth data, and lidar sounding data are used as input data to build the model. Then, the retrieval error is analyzed and the parameters are adjusted to further optimize the model. Quantitative analysis and experimental results show that the accuracy of the CNN model in shallow sea areas retrieval is improved by more than 50%. The mean absolute error can reach within 0.8 m. Finally, the model is shown to be highly portable and capable of retrieving water depth data with resolution equal to the spatial resolution of the remote sensing image using only a small amount of input water depth data. |
13,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Based River Navigation System of Catamaran USV with Image Semantic Segmentation, and key words: Navigation, Image edge detection, Interference, Cameras, Rivers, Stereo vision, Sensors. Abstract: USV’s river navigation system is very complex, including USV’s environmental perception, USV’s positioning, obstacle avoidance, and path planning. Different sensors are required in various applications, such as lidar or cameras in environmental perception, GPS or IMU in positioning, and ultrasonic sensors or cameras in obstacle avoidance. As an intuitive and affordable sensor, the cameras can be used for environment perception, obstacle recognition, and distance estimation for component stereo vision systems over a catamaran USV. This paper proposes an image based USV river navigation system. The main functions include riverbank line recognition and distance estimation. Aiming at the inaccurate of traditional riverbank line detection, we design a line segment detection algorithm for riverbank based on image semantic segmentation, which can effectively reduce the interference of the object’s texture on edge recognition while ensuring the object edge recognition. Subsequently, according to the built stereo vision system, the distance of the detected riverbank line is estimated for following navigation, obstacle avoidance, or other operations. We further demonstrate the designed catamaran USV and its stereo vision system. Compared with the traditional unsupervised straight line detection algorithm, its riverbank line detection function has been significantly improved, and its real-time ranging process is also more intuitive. |
13,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Fraud Detection Solution for Monetary Transactions with Autoencoders, and key words: fraud detection, unsupervised machine learning, autoencoders. Abstract: Fraud has turned into a trillion-dollar industry which may lead to risk of financial loss as well as the loss of customers' and stakeholders' confidence on financial organizations. Nowadays, online transactions, mobile wallets and payment card transactions are becoming more popular within society. With the growth of such cashless transactions, the number of fraudulent activities in the world is also increasing. According to the current global economic context, efforts being made to detect and prevent frauds are also increasing. Having an effective financial transaction fraud detection system could save trillions of dollars from fraudulent activities. Supervised machine learning based fraud detection solution is the trending mechanism used in fraud detection solutions. Nevertheless, such supervised machine learning based solutions need a labelled dataset in order to train the machine learning model. The reason for the existence of current fraudulent actions is that labelled datasets are hard to find in real-world environments, and if such labelled datasets are available, thereafter such fraud detection solutions would detect fraudulent patterns based on the fraudulent patterns of the fraudulent events in the training labelled dataset. Therefore, there is an extensive business requirement of having a fraud detection solution which can be trained using a raw financial transaction dataset, in other words using an unlabelled dataset which is commonly available in financial transaction systems in order to detect accurate fraudulent events. Test results obtained for the synthetically generated dataset shows that autoencoder is able to detect fraudulent transaction events with 83% of AUC score which represents high capability of binary classification as fraudulent or genuine transactions. |
13,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Real Time Weed Detection using Computer Vision and Deep Learning, and key words: Resistance, Deep learning, Performance evaluation, Computer vision, Portable computers, Transfer learning, Industry applications. Abstract: Maintain a high crop yield and yet manage with efficiency and sustainability the resources use is one of the biggest challenges that the agroindustry sector faces. Among these challenges highlights the control of weeds and pests in the field, since many weed species present resistance for the most used commercial herbicides. Detect these weed species through computer vision and deep learning is a possible solution, once with local detection weeds can be removed by mechanical, chemical or electrical systems, significantly reducing environmental impacts due to excessive use of herbicides and economic losses caused by weeds. Therefore, in this work, it is proposed and explored a real time weed detection system, based on the YoloV5 architectures. The architectures performance was evaluated without and with transfer learning on a custom dataset based on 5 weed species resistant to Glyphosate. Results indicate that the system is functional, being able to correctly detect the resistant weeds at 62 FPS. |
13,882 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Reconstruction of Carotid Artery from Ultrasound Images, and key words: Point cloud compression, Human computer interaction, Image segmentation, Solid modeling, Ultrasonic imaging, Three-dimensional displays, Filtering. Abstract: 3D reconstruction is an important area in computer vision, which can be applied to assist in medical diagnosis. Compared to observing 2D ultrasound images, 3D models are more suitable for diagnostic interpretation. In this paper, we describe an approach for 3D reconstruction of the carotid artery utilizing ultrasound images from the transverse and longitudinal views. We implement a human-computer interface to ensure the accuracy of the segmentation results by involving superpixels and ellipse fitting techniques. This approach is expected to achieve better accuracy to assist diagnostics in the future. |
13,883 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability of microsystems from the material point of view, and key words: Materials reliability, Life testing, Nondestructive testing, Employee welfare, System testing, Life estimation, Customer satisfaction, Corrosion, Design optimization, Cost function. Abstract: The determination of the reliability of microsystems is very important from the customer satisfaction perspective. The reliability of electromechanical components is determined by using mechanical tests, metallographic investigations, nondestructive testing and corrosion tests. All tests are accelerated tests which determine the behaviour of a component or a system during hours, days or weeks with regard to their lifetime and are well known. The behaviour of these components under working conditions confirm the test results if the chosen tests characterise the real loads. In addition to the accelerated reliability tests, more and more simulation tools are used to optimise the design of a given component in order to reduce the costs and the time of development and testing and to increase the lifetime and reliability. To determine the thermo mechanical reliability, i.e. to reduce the mechanical stresses, which are mainly responsible for cracks under working conditions, stress-strain diagrams depending on temperature and strain velocity are urgently needed. The paper describes the necessity of material parameters which characterise the material under working conditions to obtain simulation results with high accuracy. However in microsystems the materials parameters as described are not known exactly at present. |
13,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Lower limb Movements' Classifications using Hemodynamic Response:fNIRS Study, and key words: Support vector machines, Resistance, Spectroscopy, Pattern classification, Feature extraction, Hemodynamics, Task analysis. Abstract: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become a viable approach for brain function investigation and is an interesting modality for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) due to its portability and resistance to electromagnetic noise. In this work, a hemodynamic response based on fNIRS signals was utilized to classify the right and left ankle joint movements. To achieve this objective, 32 optodes (emitters and detectors) were used to measure the hemodynamic responses in the motor cortex area during the motor execution task of the ankle joint movements. Two-channel sets were formed one including the channels directly related to the movement task, and another including all of the proposed channels. The results of this study reveal that the scheme based only on the selected channels outperformed the scheme that uses all channels. The classification accuracies were 91.38 % and 89.86 % respectively. These results demonstrated that fNIRS signal classification can be enhanced by eliminating the redundant channels. |
13,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of numerical errors due to time and space discretizations, and key words: Estimation error, Magnetic flux, Magnetostatics, Magnetic domains, Coupling circuits, Magnetic circuits, Inductors, Integral equations, Finite element methods, Magnetic fields. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a method to estimate time and space discretization errors of a three-dimensional magnetostatic model coupled with electric circuit equations. The estimator is based on the nonverification of the constitutive relationship which requires the calculation of admissible fields. The calculation on the whole time domain is described for the A-formulation. This estimator is tested on a transformer at no load and different schemes for time discretization are studied and compared. |
13,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Postgraduate Student Depression Assessment by Multimedia Gait Analysis, and key words: Depression, Feature extraction, Mental health, Legged locomotion, Data mining, Depression, Electroencephalography, Kinetic energy, Fast Fourier transforms. Abstract: In recent years, mental health (especially depression) of university students has aroused general concern. Fast detection of students at risk of depression using multimedia data is a challenge. However, existing methods require the cooperation of participants such as using their speech or facial expression, which are inconvenient to collect and difficult for large-scale screening. In this article, we propose an integrated gait assessment framework that contains the collection and analysis of multimedia data to assess risk of depression for postgraduate students. First, the rigid-body representation is realized by analyzing kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) generated during walking. Then, we use the fast Fourier transform to analyze KE and PE in the frequency domain for extracting the joint energy feature. Compared with the conventional methods, our method has significantly increased the objectivity of depression assessment in both clinical theory and practice. |
13,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Liquid crystal matrix displays, and key words: Liquid crystal displays, Voltage, Brightness, Optical scattering, Light scattering, Crystalline materials, Optical materials, Diodes, Liquid crystals, Electroluminescent devices. Abstract: The display related properties of liquid crystal cells and addressing techniques for liquid crystal matrix displays will be presented. A 36-element matrix producing moving half-tone images in real time will be described. |
13,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Mitigating risk of data loss in preservation environments, and key words: Hardware, Supercomputers, Environmental management, Costs, Software systems, US Department of Energy, NASA, Technology management, Material storage, Packaging. Abstract: Preservation environments manage digital records for time periods that are much longer than that of a single vendor product. A primary requirement is the preservation of the authenticity and integrity of the digital records while simultaneously minimizing the cost of long-term storage, as the data is migrated onto successive generations of technology. The emergence of low-cost storage hardware has made it possible to implement innovative software systems that minimize risk of data loss and preserve authenticity and integrity. This paper describes software mechanisms in use in current persistent archives and presents an example based upon the NARA research prototype persistent archive. |
13,889 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Adaptive System Identification Method for a Nonlinear Sparse System by Convex Combination of Algorithms, and key words: Maximum likelihood detection, Adaptive systems, Signal processing algorithms, Nonlinear filters, Mean square error methods, Filtering algorithms, Adaptive signal processing. Abstract: In practice, real systems are sparse and nonlinear in nature. So, this paper proposes a structure where a convex combination of algorithms is used to identify those systems. The linear components and the nonlinear components are identified by Improved Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Square (IPNLMS) algorithm and Filter Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Square (FPNLMS) algorithm respectively. The output of both the filters is combined by using a mixing parameter. The proposed structure is compared with proportionate type algorithms pertaining to normalized mean square error (MSE) to show its superiority. |
13,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Orbital Demonstration of Gossamer Structure Shape Estimation using Time-of-Flight Camera System, and key words: Space vehicles, Shape, Atmospheric measurements, Shape measurement, Space missions, Estimation, Extraterrestrial measurements. Abstract: Gossamer structures have been playing important roles in space application, such as solar sail for deep space explorations, and also as drag-sail for de-orbiting of satellites into Earth atmosphere catching the atmospheric drag to prevent space debris. There are several methods suggested to securely deploy such gossamer structures in space, but those technologies are still under development especially for the realization of large scale structures in space. One of the challenge in this development roadmap is the measurement method of the 3-D distributed shape of those gossamer structures in space. This paper summarizes orbital demonstration results of shape estimation method based on a Time-of-Flight camera system mounted on a micro-satellite. The result of space demonstration provided valuable lessons learned in structural design of such a camera system as well as noise elimination signal processing. The suggested system provides a new type of shape estimation method for a wide range of space system applications. |
13,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Can Smos Soil Moisture Dry-Downs Be Useful To Detect Flood Conditions Over The Argentinean Pampas Plains?, and key words: Soil moisture, floods, SMOS, dry-downs, Pampas Plains. Abstract: The process of soil drying following a single rainfall input offers an integrated perspective on soil-vegetation water dynamics in responses to atmospheric conditions during periods without rainfall. /n this work, the soil moisture dry-down time scale events (τ) was calculated using surface soil moisture data from the SMOS mission, with the objective to explore if the spatio-temporal variability of τ could be used as a proxy for regional flooding and waterlogging characterization. Our working hypothesis is that soil moisture dries up more slowly under flooded conditions as a result of slower surface water elimination by infiltration and capillary rise of water from the saturated zone close to the surface. A clear difference precipitation-moisture coupling was detected between two regions with different flooding dynamics. /n a region where flooding is triggered by precipitation excesses on weekly-to-monthly time scales and where the coupling between precipitation and evapotranspiration is strong, a positive correlation between dry-down and 6-month accumulated precipitation anomaly was found for all seasons except winter. By contrast, in the other region where flooding is largely de-coupled from precipitation and evapotranspiration, but rather coupled to ground water table dynamics on time scales from several months to years, no significant correlations were found. These results are based on a short period of data: March 2010 - November 2014. |
13,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Tin Whisker Susceptibility of SAC0307-ZnO Composite Solder Joints, and key words: II-VI semiconductor materials, Corrosion, Nanocomposites, Surface resistance, Tin, Aging, Zinc oxide. Abstract: In the present study, tin (Sn) whisker growth has been observed from SAC0307-ZnO composite solder joints. The commercial SAC0307 solder alloy was reinforced by ZnO nano-particles, which resulted in composite solder joints. The ZnO nano-particles were mixed into the solder paste in a 0.25 wt% volume fraction, using the ball milling process. Solder joints were prepared from the composite solder alloy and from the reference SAC0307, on Ag surface finish by conventional SMT. The solder joints were exposed to an accelerated lifetime test (85 °C/85 RH% THB, 3000 hours) to enhance the Sn whisker growth. Corrosion spots were observed after 1000 hours of aging, and the first whiskers appeared after 1500 hours of aging on the reference SAC0307 solder joints. In the case of the ZnO composite solder joints, non of the previous phenomena were observed during 3000 hours of THB aging. Furthermore the mechanical strength of the solder joints was investigated, but it was found that the ZnO nano-particle could not increase the mechanical properties of the composite solder joints considerably. |
13,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Methodology for Parasitic Analysis of High-Performance Silicon Carbide Power Modules, and key words: Inductance, Multichip modules, Impedance, Geometry, Impedance measurement, Standards, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: The high edge rates of wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors are known to excite resonances within device packaging, resulting in increased voltage overshoot and electromagnetic signatures. Simulation tools based on finite-element analysis (FEA) are commonly used during design to optimize device geometry and minimize parasitics. However, developing an accurate model to extract these parameters is challenging and requires an extensive understanding of the simulation environment. This article presents three custom power module geometries that are measured empirically and evaluated in COMSOL multiphysics. The included sensitivity analysis demonstrates that even a well-designed FEA model may offer poor predictions of module parasitics compared to empirical measurements. A virtual compensation procedure is then proposed that greatly improves the accuracy of the COMSOL FEA predictions by removing the contribution of the return path. This approach does not require empirical measurements to implement and can be applied generally to a variety of geometries. Finally, the technique is applied to a high-performance WBG power module, for which good agreement is demonstrated between empirical measurements and simulation predictions. |
13,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Supportive Voice-Casting Robots using Bio-Estimated Emotion for Rehabilitation, and key words: robots, emotion, voice. Abstract: We have developed a robot that voice-casting during the rehabilitation considering the emotion of the people. Firstly, we have discussed how to motivate rehabilitation by grasping the feelings of the patient and speaking from the results as it is called "supportive voice is important". As a method of grasping the patient's feelings, emotional analysis using biometric information was decided. Biological information is activity information of the body unconsciously issued by a person. Several methods for identifying emotion using such information has been proposed. In the research, we conducted emotional estimation using a pulse sensor to acquire the feelings of the person in motion, and designed and implemented a voice-casting robot that makes voice calls. As a result, it was possible to confirm the effectiveness of a voice-casting robot that performs supportive actions while using emotions. |
13,895 | Please write an abstract with title: A review of data preprocessing modules in digital image forensics methods using deep learning, and key words: Deep learning, Forgery, Cameras, Histograms, Discrete cosine transforms, Digital images, Feature extraction. Abstract: Access to technologies like mobile phones contributes to the significant increase in the volume of digital visual data (images and videos). In addition, photo editing software is becoming increasingly powerful and easy to use. In some cases, these tools can be utilized to produce forgeries with the objective to change the semantic meaning of a photo or a video (e.g. fake news). Digital image forensics (DIF) includes two main objectives: the detection (and localization) of forgery and the identification of the origin of the acquisition (i.e. sensor identification). Since 2005, many classical methods for DIF have been designed, implemented and tested on several databases. Meantime, innovative approaches based on deep learning have emerged in other fields and have surpassed traditional techniques. In the context of DIF, deep learning methods mainly use convolutional neural networks (CNN) associated with significant preprocessing modules. This is an active domain and two possible ways to operate preprocessing have been studied: prior to the network or incorporated into it. None of the various studies on the digital image forensics provide a comprehensive overview of the preprocessing techniques used with deep learning methods. Therefore, the core objective of this article is to review the preprocessing modules associated with CNN models. |
13,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Hardware and Software Design of the Ultrasonic Levitation System, and key words: Manifolds, Vibrations, Levitation, Aerospace electronics, Acoustics, Trajectory, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper introduces researchers in field of acoustic levitation system. Ultrasonic levitation has positive sides for researchers. There are methods of ultrasonic levitation such as near-field and standing waves methods. Also, we draw attention to experiments and applications of this type of levitation. Besides, we discuss about hardware and software for this system. |
13,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Multi-level Parallelism for Homology Search using General Purpose Processors, and key words: Parallel processing, DNA, RNA, Genomics, Bioinformatics, Databases, Humans, Protein sequence, Scheduling algorithm, Processor scheduling. Abstract: New biological experimental techniques are continuing to generate large amounts of data using DNA, RNA, human genome and protein sequences. The quantity and quality of data from these experiments makes analyses of their results very time-consuming, expensive and impractical. Searching on DNA and protein databases using sequence comparison algorithms has become one of the most powerful techniques to better understand the functionality of particular DNA, RNA, genome, or protein sequence. This paper presents a technique to effectively combine fine and coarse grain parallelism using general purpose processors for sequence homology database searches. The results show that the classic Smith-Waterman sequence alignment algorithm achieves super linear performance with proper scheduling and multi-level parallel computing at no additional cost |
13,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Metamorphic testing and beyond, and key words: Software testing, System testing, Information technology, Computer science, Information systems, Humans, Debugging, Australia Council, Cryptography, Arithmetic. Abstract: When testing a program, correctly executed test cases are seldom explored further, even though they may carry useful information. Metamorphic testing proposes to generate follow-up test cases to check important properties of the target function. It does not need a human oracle for output prediction and comparison. In this paper, we highlight the basic concepts of metamorphic testing and some interesting extensions in the areas of program testing, proving, and debugging. Future research directions are also proposed. |
13,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Visualization to Facilitate Knowledge Acquisition and Dissemination for M&A, and key words: Industries, Graphics, Correlation, Corporate acquisitions, Knowledge acquisition, Decision making, Data visualization. Abstract: Acquisition researchers pointed out that to understand real world complexity it is necessary to look at mergers and acquisitions (M&A) from different perspectives. Thus, we investigated the presentation of M&A research in a dynamic and illustrative way that provides rare insights into the potential outcomes of acquisitions. Through an iterative process and much trial and error, it was found that large amounts of information can be combined in a single page to facilitate overall understanding and enable instantaneous comprehension of complex data. In the context of this research, using such illustrations enhanced both the seller’s perspective and that of the potential buyers in the M&A process. Visualization techniques have been accepted as a key tool to manage knowledge for strategic purposes and clearly the addition of the visualization diagrams enhanced this case-based acquisition research, in addition to being found useful and relevant in the decision-making process for those players in industry considering entering into the M&A process. |
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