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15,800 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Absorptive/Transmissive Integrated Metasurface with Lumped Resistors, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, Absorption, Simulation, Insertion loss, Metasurfaces, Passband, Ultra wideband technology. Abstract: An integrated metasurface which can realize ultra-wideband absorption in low frequency band and transmission in high frequency band with very small insertion loss is designed and simulated. It is composed of a band pass frequency selective surface (FSS) layer and a loss layer loaded with lumped resistances. At the same time, the unit cell of the metasurface is a central symmetric structure with good stability of the electric field polarization angle of the incident wave. In addition, the structure is simple, easy to process and manufacture. The simulation results show that the absorptivity of the metasurface is greater than 89.8% in 3.84 GHz ~ 9.06 GHz and even reached 99.9% at 7.09 GHz. The insertion loss at passband center 12.7 GHz is only -0.2dB. |
15,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Angular-domain Secret Key Generation for RIS-aided mmWave MIMO systems, and key words: Physical layer security, secret key generation, RIS, mmWave massive MIMO, virtual angular domain. Abstract: This paper investigates a physical layer key generation (PLKG) scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) systems. Unlike traditional PLKG which relies on channel state information (CSI), we exploit the virtual angles of departure (AoDs). To accurately estimate these angles, we propose a redundant transforming matrix-based compressive sampling matching pursuit (RTMCoSa) method. We then derive the secret key rate (SKR) of the RIS-aided mmWave system. Simulation results demonstrate that the RTMCoSa method outperforms existing orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) methods in channel probing for angle information. What is more, the proposed key generation scheme surpasses traditional CSI-based methods in SKR when the SNR is low. And the SKR of our method maintains robust when the SNR decreases. |
15,802 | Please write an abstract with title: INDUCTWISE: inductance-wise interconnect simulator and extractor, and key words: Inductance, Frequency, Geometry, Circuit simulation, Robustness, Very large scale integration, Integrated circuit interconnections, Crosstalk, Uncertainty, Large-scale systems. Abstract: A robust, efficient, and accurate inductance extraction and simulation tool, INDUCTWISE, is developed and described in this paper. This work advances the state-of-the-art inductance extraction and simulation techniques, and has several major contributions. First, albeit the great benefits of efficiency, the recently proposed inductance matrix sparsification algorithm, the K-method of H. Ji et al. (2001), has a flaw in the stability proof for general geometry. We provide a theoretical analysis as well as a provable stable algorithm for it. Second, a robust window-selection algorithm is presented for general geometry. Third, integrated with the nodal analysis formulation, INDUCTWISE achieves exceptional performance without frequency-dependent complex operations and directly gives time-domain responses. Experimental results show that INDUCTWISE extractor and simulator have dramatic speedup compared to FastHenry and SPICE3, respectively. |
15,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Heat Transport across Interfaces for the Optimization of Heat Sinking in Device Applications, and key words: Temperature, Thermal resistance, Conferences, Metals, Diamond, Heat sinks, Three-dimensional integrated circuits. Abstract: Heterogenous integration of materials and devices opens huge opportunities for exploiting device structures which benefit from an optimal combination of electronic and thermal material properties. It is critically important to assess heat transfer across their interfaces to avoid thermal bottlenecks resulting in excessive device temperatures though. Experimental techniques to assess thermal conductivity of materials and thermal boundary resistance between materials are reviewed, with examples from GaN-on-Diamond, diamond to metal diamond composites. |
15,804 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Poka-Yoke System to Prevent Human Error in Material Preparation for Industry, and key words: Production, Companies, Databases, Visualization, Electrical engineering, Software, Sensors. Abstract: During the preparation parts (peripheral) of the product, there are many defects of product that must be fixed by the Company, which defects are closely related to humans/operator's errors, such as wrong preparing part or missing part of product. Therefore to solve this, the Company needs a system to prevent the problem by the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method and build an automatic Poka-Yoke system. An FMEA method was used to analyze Risk Priority Number (RPN) errors that occurred during the preparation of production, then the Poka-Yoke system builds in accordance that FMEA errors analysis to prevent errors caused by humans during production by preventing, controlling or providing assistance by integration of software, database and hardware to the system during the preparation of parts. The results of the system showed that the Poka-Yoke system can prevent errors by reducing the Risk Priority Number of Errors that occur due to humans after the implementation of this system to achieved zero defects production. |
15,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Achievable information rates for high-speed long-haul optical transmission, and key words: Information rates, High speed optical techniques, Optical filters, Optical noise, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical mixing, Optical scattering, Nonlinear optics, Automata, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: Achievable information rates for high-speed optical transmission (40 Gb/s and above) are calculated using finite-state machine approach with combined effect of ASE noise, Kerr nonlinearity (SPM, intrachannel FWM, intrachannel XPM), SRS, chromatic dispersion, and (optical/electrical) filtering. |
15,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Dewarping of document image by global optimization, and key words: Curve fitting, Optical character recognition software, Surface fitting, Information science, Art, Digital cameras, Image recognition, Text recognition, Shape measurement, Calibration. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel dewarping technique for document images of bound volumes. This technique is a kind of model fitting techniques for estimating the warp of each text line by fitting some elastic curve model to the text line. Differing from conventional techniques, the proposed technique is applicable to document images including local irregularities such as formulae, short text lines, and figures, since the proposed technique dewarps whole document images by fitting splines while considering the global optimality that specifies the desirable relationship among the splines. The experimental results on several document images including the local irregularities indicated the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The experimental result also indicated the effectiveness of the vertical division of a document image into some partial document images for more accurate dewarping. |
15,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Shared Temporal Attention Transformer for Remaining Useful Lifetime Estimation, and key words: Transformers, Feature extraction, Estimation, Degradation, Decoding, Prognostics and health management, Deep learning. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel deep learning architecture for estimating the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of industrial components, which solely relies on the recently developed transformer architectures. The RUL estimation resorts to analysing degradation patterns within multivariate time series signals. Hence, we propose a novel shared temporal attention block that allows detecting RUL patterns with the progress of time. Furthermore, we develop a split-feature attention block that enables attending to features from different sensor channels. The proposed shared temporal attention layer in the encoder fulfils the goal of attending to temporal degradation patterns in the individual sensor signals before creating a shared correlation across the feature range. We develop two transformer architectures that are specifically designed to operate with multivariate time series data based on these novel attention blocks. We apply the architectures to the well known C-MAPSS benchmark dataset and provide various hyperparameter studies to analyse their impact on the performance. In addition, we provide a thorough comparison with recently presented state-of-the-art approaches and show that the proposed transformer architectures outperform the existing methods by a considerable margin. |
15,808 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed generation and renewable energy systems, and key words: Distributed control, Renewable energy resources, Photovoltaic systems, Fuel cells, Power industry, Wind energy generation, Biomass, Energy resources, Turbines, Mechanical variables control. Abstract: The impending deregulated environment facing the electric utilities in the twenty first century is both a challenge and an opportunity for a variety of technologies and operating scenarios. This paper will discuss the primary factors leading to increasing interest in distributed generation (DG) in recent years. After enumerating the promising DG technologies, the role of renewable energy systems in DG is examined in detail. The renewable energy systems considered will include wind-electric conversion systems (WECS), photovoltaic systems (PV), and systems utilizing biomass in various forms, including fuel cells. General benefits of employing DG are succinctly outlined, followed by a discussion of the specific advantages and disadvantages of the different renewable energy technologies considered. An approach to quantify some of the benefits of DG is proposed and applied to specific examples. The results are discussed and suggestions are made for using this approach to identify the best locations and ratings for DG installations. |
15,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent Progress of Mandrain Spontaneous Speech Recognition on Mandrain Conversation Dialogue Corpus, and key words: Spontaneous Speech Recognition, CLDNN, MCDC Corpus. Abstract: This paper presents a progress report on a relatively difficult ASR task on a spontaneous speech corpus - Mandarin Conversational Dialogue Corpus (MCDC). A DNN-based acoustic model is constructed based on the CLDNN structure with a large dataset that comprises two spontaneous-speech corpora and one read-speech corpus. The study uses a large text dataset formed by seven corpora to train an efficient general language model (LM). Two adapted LMs specially for spontaneous speech recognition are also constructed. Experimental results showed that the best performances of 26.3% in character error rate (CER) and 32.5% in word error rate (WER) were reached on MCDC. They represented 27.9% and 22.2% of relative CER and WER reductions as compared with the performances by the previous best HMM-based method. This confirms that the proposed method is promising in tackling on Mandarin spontaneous speech recognition. |
15,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Contact-Free Biosignal Acquisition via Capacitive and Ultrasonic Sensors, and key words: Capacitive sensors, Acoustics, Electrodes, Biomedical measurement, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Heart. Abstract: Contact-free detection of human vital signs like heart rate and respiration rate will improve the patients' comfort and enables long-term monitoring of newborns or bedridden patients. For that, reliable and safe measurement techniques are indispensable. The aim of this work is the development and comparison of novel ultrasonic and capacitive measurement setups, sharing a common hardware platform. Both measurement techniques that are implemented and compared are based on the detection of minor chest wall vibrations in millimeter ranges, due to geometrical thorax changes during respiration and heartbeat activities. After examining the physical measurement conditions and simulating the capacitive sensor, a problem-specific measurement setup is proposed. The system is characterized to be capable of detecting distance changes below 2 μm via the ultrasonic sensor and below 800 μm via the capacitive sensor. First subject measurements show that the detection of heart activities is possible under ideal conditions and exclusively with the proposed ultrasonic approach. However, the capacitive sensor works reliably for respiration monitoring, even when the subject is fully-clothed and covered with a blanket. The chosen ultrasonic approach is sensitive regarding minor changes of the reflecting surface and therefore has high uncertainty. In contrast, capacitive respiration detection is very reliable. It is conceivable that improvements in the capacitive sensor circuitry will also enable the detection of heart activities. The proposed ultrasonic approach presents current problems of this technique. In contrast to that, the unusual approach of capacitive sensing demonstrates a high potential regarding vital signs acquisition. |
15,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting a Target With Quantum Entanglement, and key words: Quantum entanglement, Lighting, Photonics, Quantum mechanics, Target tracking, Quantum optics, Radar, Quantum radar, Tutorials, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: Over the last decade, research activity has focused on the use of quantum entanglement as a resource for remote target detection, i.e., on the design of a quantum radar. The literature on this subject uses tools of quantum optics and quantum information theory, and therefore, results are often obscure to radar engineers. This tutorial has been written with the purpose of removing this obscurity. As such, it contains a review of the main advances in quantum radar literature accompanied by a thorough introduction of the quantum optics background necessary for its understanding. |
15,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Operation and Maintenance, and key words: Gas insulation, Circuit breakers, Substations, Maintenance engineering, Grounding, Artificial intelligence, Optical switches. Abstract: This chapter focuses on gas‐insulated substation (GIS) operations and maintenance. It explains the nature and sources of faults including their repair. Common maintenance procedures on measures to define the quality of the insulating gas (SF<sub>6</sub>), visual and optical inspections, gas handling records, and leak detection methods are addressed. The chapter explains specific practices with respect to interlocks, gas zone management, spare parts, and special tools. Information is given on the types of expected failures, which require repair of a GIS, how much time is required to effect repairs, and how service continuity is related to the design. The chapter also explains how a GIS can be extended after it has been installed and operated for many years. Retrofit or upgrade of GIS is also explained. The case of overloading GIS is explained in section on overloading and thermal limits of the GIS for typical ratings of 1250A up to 6300A rated continuous current. |
15,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Use of IoT and WiFi-enabled Devices to Improve Fingerprinting in Indoor Localization, and key words: Internet of Things, Wireless fidelity, Libraries, Floors, Machine learning, Security. Abstract: Indoor localization has been gradually improving over the past decade, utilizing emerging and proliferating wireless technologies. Since its inception, WiFi technology has been increasingly penetrating indoor environments, residential, and nonresidential. Becoming ubiquitous, WiFi was considered a fertile subject for use in indoor localization utilizing the wireless access points that predominantly provide network coverage in indoor environments. As the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is speeding towards pervasiveness, IoT devices can offer substantial aid to improve accuracy, which is at the heart of the indoor localization process. In this paper, we provide a preliminary study of the feasibility of using WiFi-enabled devices, including IoT devices, to improve location signature in indoor localization besides the traditionally used wireless access points. Through field experiments, we provide insights into the coverage and penetration of such devices in different domains characterized by the activities exercised in them. Our conclusions highlight the challenges of incorporating such devices into the fingerprint-based indoor localization. Additionally, we focus on the use of machine learning approaches that recently gained momentum in indoor localization research. |
15,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Urban Ecological Monitoring, and key words: Microwave measurement, Temperature measurement, Gases, Microwave communication, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave oscillators, Monitoring. Abstract: A new approach to urban ecological monitoring based on the use of a microwave communication channel is considered. The microwave signal acquires phase progression, which depends on meteorological conditions and the presence in air of harmful gases. With the use of homodyne conversion, a low-frequency signal is obtained initial phase of which contents information regarding integral composition of air. At the same time, temperature and humidity of air are measured, after which the meteorological component is subtracted from the measurer readings. So, the content of harmful gases in the air is obtained, and this signal does not depend on the humidity of the air being controlled and its temperature. Several microwave links are implemented so that the global urban ecological monitoring is carried out. Data of monitoring are concentrated within monitoring center and ones are in an access for all of special services interested in monitoring results. |
15,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Ku band waveguide diplexer with side coupling, and key words: Couplings, Transmission line matrix methods, Iris, Process design, Resonator filters, Frequency, Waveguide discontinuities, Reflection, Microwave filters, Waveguide transitions. Abstract: A novel waveguide diplexer with side coupling structure is proposed to reduce its lengthways dimension. The measured results have a good agreement compared to the simulated results. |
15,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Ground Fault Monitoring Method for High Voltage Line Based on Phase Difference Method, and key words: Circuit faults, Power transmission lines, Transmission line measurements, Grounding, Mathematical model, Impedance, Voltage measurement. Abstract: When a ground fault occurs in the distribution network, it will cause a large-scale and long-term power outage on the entire line, which will have a significant impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system. In order to improve the real-time and accuracy of online monitoring of distribution network ground faults, a suitable ground fault monitoring method based on the phase difference detection on transmission lines is proposed. The way we detect the occurrence of ground faults is as follows: we first measure the three-phase voltage, current, and difference of their phase on the transmission line, and then we use the sudden changes of the phase difference between voltage and current as our criterion to determine whether ground faults occur or not. In order to search ground faults rapidly on the entire transmission line, it is necessary to install measurement devices at important nodes. According to the comparison of simulation tests, we find that the ground fault location judgment method based on the phase difference can detect the ground faults accurately, which is of great significance to guarantee the safety of the power supply. |
15,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental measurement of impulse response UWB emitters, and key words: Antenna measurements, Receiving antennas, Optical pulse generation, Oscilloscopes, Generators, Time-domain analysis, Coaxial cables. Abstract: This work presents the results of experimental measurements of the impulse response of ultra-wideband emitters: a biconical antenna and a symmetrical dipole. A measurement technique was presented. The channel impulse response is calculated using Tikhonov's regularization. It is shown that the measured signal corresponds to calculated. |
15,818 | Please write an abstract with title: DOTA2 Winner Team Prediction based on Stacked Bidirectional LSTM Network, and key words: Dota 2, E-sports, Bi-LSTM, Machine Learning. Abstract: With the swift development of e-sports technology, games are now using techniques of machine learning in several scopes of application. One of the most significant applications of gaming is gaining insights into match details and various types of predictions. Competitive games provide enormous amounts of data from a match. In the context of data and analytics, the word “insight” refers to the analysis of those game data to find out the pattern or relationship among the variables. In this work, the match stats data as kills-deaths-assists along with the match duration and the heroes has been used to predict the winner of a particular match based on a stacked Bi-LSTM neural network model. The match data which is used in training the model, is collected from the OpenDota API. The results demonstrate the performance of the stacked Bi-LSTM model in predicting the winning team of a game compared to other machine learning classifiers. |
15,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Based Trust Model for Air Traffic Management Network, and key words: Privacy, Atmospheric modeling, Computer network reliability, Blockchain, Reliability engineering, Data models, Delays. Abstract: The Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is a network-centric intelligent information system that faces severe and complex challenges in the process of aviation information interaction. From the perspective of data security transmission in ATM networks, this paper proposes a blockchain-based trust model BlockTrust, combined with domestic cryptographic algorithms to establish a trust chain in the ATM air-space-ground integrated network. This paper uses such distributed ledger technology to design an architecture for ensuring the security of ATM information, ensuring the secure transmission and reliable sharing of aviation business data. In this paper, we will also take the submission and update process of flight plans as an example to discuss the possible benefits and risks of applying blockchain in this field. |
15,820 | Please write an abstract with title: TMN: Trajectory Matching Networks for Predicting Similarity, and key words: Measurement, Training, Representation learning, Recurrent neural networks, Computational modeling, Sampling methods, Data engineering. Abstract: Trajectory similarity computation is the cornerstone of many applications in the field of trajectory data analysis. To cope with the high time complexity of calculating exact similarity between trajectories, learning-based models have been developed for a good trade-off between the similarity computing time and the accuracy of the learned similarity. As each trajectory can be represented by a fixed-length vector regardless of the size of the trajectory, the similarity computation among the trajectories is highly time-efficient. Nevertheless, we observe that these learning-based models are designed based on recurrent neural networks (RNN), which cannot properly capture the correlations among the trajectories. Moreover, these learning-based models simply use the similarity scores of the pairs of trajectories in the training for a specific similarity metric, while a vital piece of information is neglected: the mappings of the points between two trajectories are readily available when the similarity score is calculated. These motivate us to design a new learning-based model, named TMN, based on attention networks, aiming to significantly improve the accuracy such that a better trade-off between the similarity computing time and the accuracy can be achieved. The proposed matching mechanism associates points across trajectories by computing attention weights of point pairs so that TMN learns to simulate similarity computation between the trajectory pair. Apart from taking interactions between trajectories into consideration, the sequential information of each individual trajectory is also considered, thereby making full use of spatial features of a pair of trajectories. We evaluate various approaches on real-life datasets under extensive trajectory distance metrics. Experimental results demonstrate that TMN outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy. Besides, ablation studies prove the effectiveness of our novel matching mechanism. |
15,821 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of an Automated Aquaponics System with Hybrid Smart Switching Power Supply, and key words: Batteries, Control systems, Switches, Temperature sensors, Marine animals, Monitoring, Power supplies. Abstract: This paper shows the design, construction, and implementation of an Automated Aquaponics system. Most of the commercial aquaponics system in the Philippines is grid-dependent thus making it cost-ineffective. The design of the system has three-part, hydroponics, aquaculture, and control systems. The design consists of a hybrid power supply that allows operation dependent on the grid or PV installations. Aside from integrating it to be partially dependent on renewable energy, the system was designed to adapt and adjust the monitored environment to be more habitable for the aquaculture. Through the use of relays, dump energy is also observed. Through the real-time monitoring system, the design allows users to record and system's condition, power, energy consumption, and power supply dependency simultaneously. |
15,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer Vision based Student Behavioral Tracking and Analysis using Deep Learning, and key words: Support vector machines, Pandemics, Face recognition, Gaze tracking, Detectors, Feature extraction, Real-time systems. Abstract: Over the past couple years, The Covid-19 virus has triggered a global pandemic, requiring us all to remain isolated in our homes. Students and professionals were forced to move to the virtual world to resume their academic activities. This has led people to use video conferencing applications on a massive scale. However, it has been a challenge to monitor many students at the same time by a single invigilator/faculty thereby, the student engagement and interaction has dropped in a rapid scale. To overcome this challenge, an open-sourced modular system is proposed to Face identification for face spoofing using CNN and students’ gaze tracking with head positioning & eye tracking in real-time virtual video conferencing applications using computer-vision & deep-learning. With a single-Shot-Multibox detector, using ResNet-10 Architecture as the foundation, the student’s face is recognized and detected. Then to take facial landmarks, pre-trained Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG) and linear SVM object detectors are used. With the captured features, the eyes are detected using dlib and the centers of eyeballs are extracted using OpenCV eye classifiers. This paves the way to perform eye tracking and gaze tracking. All the stated Machine learning modules’ output are aggregated and translated to a graphical representation as the final analysis of the students’ behavior in the virtual sessions. |
15,823 | Please write an abstract with title: An Autofocus Scheme of Bistatic SAR Considering Cross-Cell Residual Range Migration, and key words: Azimuth, Synthetic aperture radar, Doppler effect, Time-frequency analysis, Imaging, Frequency estimation, Receivers. Abstract: Benefiting from the capability of forward-looking imaging, ability of receiver radio silence, and resistance of jamming, bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has extensive potential applications. However, due to its independent dual platform movement, motion error of bistatic SAR is usually more complicated than monostatic SAR and could easily exceed range resolution cell, which will result in both azimuth and range defocusing if not properly compensated. In this letter, an autofocus scheme for bistatic SAR considering cross-cell residual range migration is proposed. In this scheme, cross-cell residual range migration is first compensated by estimating bistatic range error through time–frequency analysis. Meanwhile, azimuth phase error is coarsely compensated by using bistatic range error estimation result. Second, maximum image sharpness autofocus method is cascaded to further compensate for azimuth residual phase error and enhance the quality of bistatic SAR image. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified by simulation and experiment results. |
15,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability Modeling of Middle-Of-Line Interconnect Dielectrics in Advanced process nodes, and key words: component, Interconnect dielectric Reliability, Middle of Line Reliability, low-k reliability, low-k TDDB. Abstract: This paper discusses the physics and methodology for estimating the Reliability lifetime of MOL (Middle-Of-Line) dielectrics for advanced process nodes. Both intrinsic and defect reliability aspects of MOL dielectrics are investigated for accurate projection of Reliability lifetime on Intel 4 process technology. Methods to deconvolute the impact of process driven variations on intrinsic Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) are presented. In addition, a new construct for targeting of the MOL process parameters is also proposed to address challenges with technology scaling and to mitigate risk with pattern fidelity driven variations. |
15,825 | Please write an abstract with title: Radar-based Automotive Localization using Landmarks in a Multimodal Sensor Graph-based Approach, and key words: Location awareness, Laser radar, Semantics, Urban areas, Cameras, Reliability, Automobiles. Abstract: Highly automated driving functions currently often rely on a-priori knowledge from maps for planning and prediction in complex scenarios like cities. This makes map-relative localization an essential skill. In this paper, we address the problem of localization with automotive-grade radars, using a real-time graph-based SLAM approach. The system uses landmarks and odometry information as an abstraction layer. This way, besides radars, all kind of different sensor modalities including cameras and lidars can contribute. A single, semantic landmark map is used and maintained for all sensors. We implemented our approach using C++ and thoroughly tested it on data obtained with our test vehicles, comprising cars and trucks. Test scenarios include inner cities and industrial areas like container terminals. The experiments presented in this paper suggest that the approach is able to provide a precise and stable pose in structured environments, using radar data alone. The fusion of additional sensor information from cameras or lidars further boost performance, providing reliable semantic information needed for automated mapping. |
15,826 | Please write an abstract with title: A Smart System to Detect Cheating in the Online Exam, and key words: Deep learning, COVID-19, Training, Webcams, Pandemics, Face recognition, Feature extraction. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused the whole globe some serious downfall in terms of economy, even the day-to-day activities are being restricted due to enforcements like lockdown. Wish made restrictions on the exam process. In this paper we aim to make a fully automated online cheat detection system capable of detecting whether a student is attempting to cheat or not during the process of the exam. This system will use deep learning techniques (AI) such as face recognition, sound detection, active-window detection. To note that the face recognition process will use a CNN based module for its high accuracy and stability. |
15,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-target tracking in clutter without measurement assignment, and key words: Radar tracking, Target tracking, Clutter, Density measurement, Sensor systems, Australia, Probability, Nonlinear filters, Sonar detection, Radar detection. Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for multitarget tracking in a cluttered environment. Optimal all neighbour multi-target tracking (MTT) in clutter enumerates all possible joint measurement-to-target assignments and calculates the a posteriori probabilities of each of these joint assignments, e.g. J(I)PDA and MHT. The numerical complexity of this process is exponential in the number of tracks and the number of measurements involved. Our approach starts with an all-neighbour single-target tracking (STT) filter which provides the a priori probabilities of measurement origin; e.g. IPDA, IMM-PDA, ITS. These probabilities are used to modify the clutter density at the location of the selected measurements. In effect, the STT filter is transformed into a MTT filter with a numerical complexity which is linear in the number of tracks and the number of measurements. Measurement features, such as amplitude, can also be incorporated. Simulations are used to verify the approach when tracking crossing targets in an environment of heavy and non-uniform clutter. |
15,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Electric Vehicle Aggregator as an Automatic Reserves Provider Under Uncertain Balancing Energy Procurement, and key words: Europe, Uncertainty, Batteries, Regulation, Electric vehicles, Costs, Stochastic processes. Abstract: Shift of the power system generation from the fossil to the variable renewables prompted the system operators to search for new sources of flexibility, i.e., new reserve providers. With the introduction of electric vehicles, smart charging emerged as one of the promising solutions. However, electric vehicle aggregators face the uncertainty both on the reserve activation and the electric vehicle availability. These uncertainties can have a detrimental effect on both the aggregators’ profitability and users’ comfort. State-of-the art literature mostly neglects the reserve activation or it’s uncertainty. On top of that, they rarely model European markets which are different that those commonly addressed in the literature. This paper introduces a new method for modeling the reserve activation uncertainty, also termed as balancing energy procurement in the European context, based on the real historic data from the European power system. Three electric vehicle scheduling models were designed and tested: the deterministic, the stochastic and the robust. The results demonstrate that the current deterministic approaches inaccurately represent the activation uncertainty and that the proposed models that consider uncertainty, both the stochastic and the robust, substantially improve the results. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis for the robust model was performed and it demonstrates how a decision-maker can choose its level of conservativeness, portraying its risk-awareness. |
15,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy calendar algebra and its applications to data mining, and key words: Calendars, Algebra, Data mining, Fuzzy set theory, Formal specifications, Humans, Database languages, Fuzzy reasoning, Association rules, Problem-solving. Abstract: Temporal expressions are widely used in our daily life. Calendar algebra has been studied for years to provide a formal specification for constructing temporal expressions. However, temporal requirements specified by human beings tend to be ill-defined or uncertain. To deal with such kind of uncertain information, we propose the fuzzy calendar algebra which allows users to describe desired temporal expressions easily and naturally. The operations provided reflect the way in which people reason about temporal requirements in daily life. By using the fuzzy calendar algebra, users can define complicated calendars with multiple time granularities in which different time intervals can have different weights according to their matching degrees to the specified calendar. This can help users to discover the knowledge in the time intervals that are of interest to them. We show the usefulness of the algebra by incorporating it with an incremental data miner to mine fuzzy temporal association rules from temporal databases. |
15,830 | Please write an abstract with title: A family of high power density bus converters, and key words: Magnetic resonance, Switches, Rectifiers, Switching converters, Zero voltage switching, Semiconductor diodes, Magnetic switching, Zero current switching, Topology, Microprocessors. Abstract: This paper begins by reviewing current bus converters and exploring their limitations. Then a family of inductor-less bus converters is proposed to overcome the limitations. In the new bus converter, magnetizing current is used to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on for all switches. The resonant concept is used to achieve zero-current-switching (ZCS) without turn-off loss and body diode loss. Meanwhile, the self-driven method can be easily applied to save drive loss in the synchronous rectifiers. Based on these concepts, a full-bridge bus converter is built in the quarter-brick size to verify the analysis. The experimental results indicate that it can achieve 95% efficiency at 500 W, 12 V/45 A output. Compared with industry products, this topology can dramatically increase the power density. |
15,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Flow-Based Place Recognition: Bridging the Gap Between Simulation and Real-World Experiments, and key words: Training, Image recognition, Computational modeling, Robot vision systems, Fingerprint recognition, Cameras, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: In this research a non-conventional approach is used for modeling an a priori unknown environment. Rather than taking into consideration the properties that describe an environment such as shape, size, or color, we model an unknown environment, with the view for a robot to recognize places, upon re-visiting, using the properties of camera motion. Furthermore, we make use of only a single camera sensor and no variables are known during the place recognition phase. In particular, we model the optical flow vectors magnitudes as a function of velocity and distance. Based on this observation, our algorithm is trained with a large number of varying velocities and distances, and a probability density function is inferred which expresses the relationship between velocity, distance, and optical flow vectors. Moreover, we try to fill the gap between simulated and real environments by directly utilizing the training inferences from simulation to the testing phase in real environments. Our model is evaluated in a real-world environment using a mobile robot that recognizes places from optical flow patterns. The results presented in this paper validate the feasibility of our algorithm. |
15,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Transportation System using Smartphone, and key words: Costs, Pandemics, Human factors, Cameras, Real-time systems, Social factors, Public transportation. Abstract: Public transportation is the main core in any country which help to increase government income, at the same time save travelers’ cost. Meanwhile, reducing the use of private or individual transport help to save the environment from pollution, which can achieve by providing better public transportation. But, due to time inefficiency in the public busses reduces traveler’s interest towards the use of public busses. This study provides a solution to the passengers to find the public busses in real-time which then helps them to reduce the waiting time in the bus stands and bus holds that are facing by the passengers in a long time. The developed system confirmed that the system provides accurate bus locations in real-time; meanwhile, owners confirm they can track their busses, which helps them to monitor their drivers virtually. Furthermore, this system confirms the cost-effectiveness compared to the previously developed systems. Furthermore, this study can be extended to develop the same system to monitor the crowds inside the bus by using the smartphone camera, which can help in any pandemic situations to keep the social distancing measures. |
15,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Full-chip sub-threshold leakage power prediction model for sub-0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Predictive models, CMOS technology, Threshold voltage, Power system modeling, Electronics industry, Power generation, Voltage control, Power semiconductor switches, Power dissipation. Abstract: The driving force for the semiconductor industry growth has been the elegant scaling nature of CMOS technology. In future CMOS technology generations, supply and threshold voltages will have to continually scale to sustain performance increase, control switching power dissipation, and maintain reliability. These continual scaling requirements on supply and threshold voltages pose several technology and circuit design challenges. With threshold voltage scaling sub-threshold leakage power is expected to become a significant portion of the total power in future CMOS systems. Therefore, it becomes crucial to predict sub-threshold leakage power of such systems. In this paper, we present a subthreshold leakage power prediction model that takes into account within-die threshold voltage variation. Statistical measurements of 32-bit microprocessors in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS confirms the mean error of the model to be 4%. Comparisons of this model to two other existing models that do not take within-die threshold voltage variation into account are also presented. |
15,834 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Simulation Study of Multi-aircraft Cooperative Task Planning Based on Artificial Intelligence Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Trajectory planning, Space missions, Simulation, Collaboration, Search problems, Planning, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Considering the inherent characteristics of the return module in manned space missions, this paper proposes a multi-aircraft collaborative target search strategy and establishes a multi-aircraft collaborative target search model. Based on the analysis of collaborative search solutions, this paper proposes a multi-aircraft collaborative search task solution based on an artificial intelligence optimization algorithm. However, the general artificial intelligence optimization algorithm suffers from slow convergence rate and excessive resource consumption. In order to effectively address this problem, this paper proposes GA-Dstar hybrid UAV trajectory planning algorithm to reduce the computation time by using the Dstar algorithm for planning the local path for searching within the local search range. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm is more effective than the traditional GA algorithm for performing a global search. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces resource consumption while maintaining the optimality of the trajectory planning route. The improved algorithm proposed in this work is useful for multi-aircraft collaborative mission planning and related research. |
15,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Target tracking using artificial potentials and sliding mode control, and key words: Target tracking, Sliding mode control, Control systems, Robots, Uncertainty, Biological control systems, Design engineering, Navigation, Vehicle dynamics, Robustness. Abstract: In this article, we develop an algorithm for capturing/intercepting a moving target based on the sliding mode control method. First, we consider a "kinematic" model (in a sense) for the capture/intercept problem and develop a method for that case. Then, we build on the developed method to include general, fully actuated vehicle dynamics for the pursuer agent. The algorithm is robust with respect to the system uncertainties and additive disturbances. Finally, we also provide a numerical simulation in order to illustrate the procedure. |
15,836 | Please write an abstract with title: A co-phase matrix to guide simultaneous multithreading simulation, and key words: Multithreading, Surface-mount technology, Yarn, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Computer science, Computer simulation, Error analysis, Modems, Force measurement. Abstract: Several commercial processors have architectures that include support for simultaneous multithreading (SMT), yet there is still not a validated methodology for estimating the performance of an SMT machine that does not rely on full program simulation. To create an efficient sampling approach for SMT we must determine how far to fast-forward each individual thread between samples. The fast-forwarding distance for each thread will vary according to execution phases, thread interactions and changes to the architectural configuration. We examine using individual program phase information to guide SMT simulation. This is accomplished by creating what we call a co-phase matrix. The co-phase matrix is populated by collecting samples of the programs' phase combinations, and is used to guide fastforwarding between samples. We show for 28 pairs of SPEC programs that using the co-phase matrix provides an average error rate of 4% while requiring that only 1% of the full simulation be performed. The methods are also validated using a variety of architectural configurations and four-threaded workloads. |
15,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating FPGA Acceleration on Binarized Neural Networks and Quantized Neural Networks, and key words: Deep learning, Image recognition, Roads, Neural networks, Robot vision systems, Universal Serial Bus, Software. Abstract: The gap between complex deep learning models and the limited computing capability of individual robots is one of the driving forces to hardware acceleration of image classification networks. Therefore, this paper presents two case studies using the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) acceleration on deep neural networks. The hardware platform is mainly composed of an AMD-Xilinx PYNQ-Z2 board as a computing device and a USB camera as the image/video sensor. The main applications in image/video detection and recognition of traffic signs and objects are performed in this work. Compared with the software computation, the results of the FPGA implementation show a significant speedup to the single road sign recognition using the Binarized Neural Networks and ≥ 50× speedup to the object detection using Quantized Neural Networks. This paper focuses on the preliminary research into hardware acceleration on neural networks. It demonstrates a great potential to improve the speed for image processing with FPGA, particularly to the time-constrained scenarios. The final goal of this project is to provide parameterizable designs for complicated neural networks with FPGA. |
15,838 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-Level Fusion Framework for Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection, and key words: Bayesian networks, cyber-physical anomaly detection, cybersecurity, dependability, industrial cyber-physical systems, industry 4.0, machine learning, operational technologies, resilience, threat recognition. Abstract: Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPSs) generate cyber and physical data whose joint elaboration can provide insight into ICPSs' operating conditions. Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection (CPAD) addresses the joint analysis of cyber and physical threats through multi-source and multi-modal data analysis. CPAD is often tailored to specific anomaly types and may use opaque deep learning models, impairing flexibility and explainability. In light of these challenges, we propose a two-level fusion framework for modeling and deploying CPAD in distributed ICPSs. The first detector-level fusion involves deploying CPAD detectors to several distributed ICPS segments and training them through data/decision fusion techniques with historical cyber-physical data. When the distributed ICPS is operational, thus collecting new cyber-physical data, ICPS segments' trained CPAD detectors provide pieces of evidence that go through the second ensemble-level fusion, for which we propose an explainable decision fusion technique based on Time-Varying Dynamic Bayesian networks. The evaluation involves the comprehensive application of the framework to a real hardware-in-the-loop case-study in a laboratory environment. The proposed ensemble-level fusion outperforms the state-of-the-art decision fusion techniques while providing explainable results. |
15,839 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel photodiode-type active pixel sensor utilizing DTMOS with reduced fixed-pattern-noise, and key words: Photodiodes, MOSFETs, Semiconductor device noise, CMOS integrated circuits. Abstract: A novel active pixel sensor with reduced fixed-pattern-noise is proposed and its effectiveness is experimentally verified. Smaller characteristics fluctuation in threshold voltage and drain conductance of DTMOS than that of bulk counterpart considerably reduces fixed-pattern-noise of the proposed photodiode-type APS. |
15,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Classifying human rights violations using deep multi-label co-training, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Text categorization, Neural networks, Supervised learning, Big Data, Semisupervised learning. Abstract: This paper presents a multi-labeled semi-supervised study that includes a small labeled dataset and an unlabeled dataset. With the co-training framework, we combine a two-view semi-supervised learning for text classification by implementing two neural networks. As in the original co-training paradigm, the text is classified according to two independent learner views using two separate classifiers. In order to extend this idea to deep learning, the deep co-training model uses deep neural networks to train on different views of generated samples to calculate similarity in the probability distribution of predicted outcomes. This co-training framework depends on co-trained networks in order to classify text into multiple labels. Furthermore, the method adds noise to keep the classifier from being affected by it during prediction. As a result, such co-trained networks provide more relevant data and improve classification accuracy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach, we compare it to state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning classifiers on a dataset of survivor stories of human rights violations. |
15,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Web page fragmentation for personalized portal construction, and key words: Web pages, Portals, HTML, Algorithm design and analysis, Transcoding, Buildings, Informatics, Software tools, Web server, Optical wavelength conversion. Abstract: Web portals offer many services and wealth of content to Web users. However, most users do not find interest in all the content present in these sites. Most of them visit some specific sites and browse in specific thematic areas of them. In this paper, a software technique is presented that allows the viewers of Web sites to build their own personalized portals, using specific thematic areas of their preferred sites. This transcoding technique is based on an algorithm, which fragments a Web page in discrete fragments using the page's internal structure. A training and update procedure is used for identifying the different instances of thematic areas in different time points. |
15,842 | Please write an abstract with title: A magnetoacoustic position sensor, and key words: Magnetic sensors, Acoustic sensors, Magnetostriction, Wire, Delay, Acoustic measurements, Position measurement, Pulse measurements, Time measurement, Acoustic pulses. Abstract: We have developed an absolute position sensor using a magnetostrictive plated wire delay fine. Position is calculated by measuring the time for a torsional acoustic pulse to propagate from a moving multigap head to fixed sense coils at either end of the wire. The sensor provides positonal information over a 2 meter span every few milliseconds, with an accuracy of better than 100 micrometers. |
15,843 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Model to Quantify the Impact of Transmission Parameters on the Coexistence Between Bluetooth Low Energy Pairs, and key words: Interference, Mathematical models, Reliability, Internet of Things, Protocols, Bluetooth, Wireless communication. Abstract: We noted that communication performance of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connection is heavily affected by the radio interference from other connections or networks. Reliability is becoming a key requirement in BLE for its use in various Internet of Things applications. Hence, there is a widely recognized need for an in-depth study to reveal the parameters impacting BLE reliability under such radio interference. In this article, we investigate how transmission parameters, e.g., number of packets and packet transmission time, influence reliability of the BLE protocol. Specifically, a mathematical model is presented to explore the impact of the transmission parameters on the reliability of a BLE pair under interference caused by other pairs. This mathematical model is able to show the reliability issues from both the side of the BLE connection under interference and the side of the interference itself. The model is validated and novel insights on the common usage of BLE parameters by a wide range of experimental evaluations are provided. Experimental results highlight the correctness of the mathematical model, thus quantify the interplay between transmission parameters and coexistence, also the influence of other related parameters. This research provides a design-level or system-level insight in BLE usage and deployment. |
15,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Gaussian filter motion image background processing, and key words: Electrical engineering, Smoothing methods, Image edge detection, Image processing, Computer applications, Filtering algorithms, Information filters. Abstract: In view of the traditional three-frame difference method that will produce noise when detecting moving targets, and the edge information is not complete, the Gaussian filtering algorithm is optimized. The traditional Gaussian filtering has a good effect on image smoothing, but its edge information will also be affected. The smooth, optimized algorithm can well remove the noise through two convolutions, and can also well retain the edge information, and can well retain the detected target information. Through experimental analysis, the optimized algorithm can well meet the processing of moving target images in complex backgrounds, and has high real-time performance and strong robustness. |
15,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Database Management System Design Improvement for Child Stunting Data Collection in Multiple Observation Areas, and key words: Data collection, Database systems, Software, Information management. Abstract: The launch of StuntingDB is believed to enliven the role of database management systems (DBMS) in Indonesia's stunting research. However, a novelty in stunting data management that enables parallel project activation in multiple observation areas is necessary. Several improved functionalities in StuntingDB must be designed to prevent the high demand for accessibility in the middle of stunting research. Connolly and Begg's principle of database design is adopted along with Software Development Life Cycle's Waterfall model for creating a continuous development of the system. This research produces a new database design in the form of Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and Use Case Diagram to help system developers realizing a new version of StuntingDB for stunting research in several observation areas. |
15,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Constrained envelope continuous phase modulation, and key words: Continuous phase modulation, Radiofrequency amplifiers, High power amplifiers, Modulation coding, Error probability, Pulse amplifiers, Euclidean distance, Radio frequency, Phase modulation, Control systems. Abstract: We develop a coded modulation system with continuous phase and a small controlled envelope variation. We call the system constrained envelope continuous phase modulation (ceCPM) and show that, there is a gain for ceCPM over CPM under the same spectrum constraint. With normalized amplitude varying in the interval {1/spl plusmn/0.2} the gain for ceCPM is up to 2.5 dB over CPM at symbol error probability 10/sup -3/. We also show that ceCPM performs well with reduced state sequence detection (RSSD). |
15,847 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep Learning Based Explainable Control System for Reconfigurable Networks of Edge Devices, and key words: Time series analysis, Data analysis, Biological system modeling, Reinforcement learning, Data models, Force, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: Edge devices that operate in real-world environments are subjected to unpredictable conditions caused by environmental forces such as wind and uneven surfaces. Since most edge systems such as autonomous vehicles exhibit dynamic properties, it is clear that reinforcement learning can be a powerful tool for improving system accuracy. Successful maintenance of the position of a vehicle in such environments has been recently achieved with the aid of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) that dynamically adjusts the Reconfigurable Wireless Network (RWN) response. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often seen as black boxes, as neither the acquired knowledge nor the decision rationale can be explained. This raises issues with the transparency and trustworthiness of the system because the underlying AI models are not governed by any mathematical or physics laws. In this paper, we explain the process of a DNN utilisation in an autonomous dynamic positioning system by gauging reactions of the DNN to predefined constraints and capturing the associated conditions that influence the DNN in a time series. We introduce a novel digitisation technique that reduces interesting patterns of time series data into single-digits to obtain a cross comparable view of the conditions. By analysing the clusters formed on this cross comparable view, we discovered multiple intensities of environmental conditions spanning across 44% of moderate conditions and 33% and 23% of harsh and mild conditions respectively. Our analysis showed that the proposed system can provide stable responses to uncertain conditions by predicting randomness. |
15,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Uterine Smooth Muscle Activity Recorded During Pregnancy, and key words: Muscles, Pregnancy, Pacemakers, Fetus, Abdomen, Frequency, Magnetic recording, Magnetic fields, Magnetic devices, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: We performed recording of the magnetic fields (magnetomyography - MMG) corresponding to the electrical activity of the uterine smooth muscle with a device called SARA, (squid array for reproductive assessment). Past studies suggest that the uterus passes through a preparatory process before entering labor and resulting in delivery of the fetus. But the electrophysiological mechanism of this process is not completely understood. We propose four parameters that will allow us quantify the characteristics of the uterine MMG signal obtained from 151 sensors spread over the pregnant abdomen. In summary, we believe that spatial-temporal analysis mapping of uterine activity will help us better understand the process of labor |
15,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating switch mode audio power amplifiers and electro dynamic loudspeakers for a higher power efficiency, and key words: Switches, High power amplifiers, Loudspeakers, Toroidal magnetic fields, Coils, Filters, Magnetic switching, Power amplifiers, Automation, Magnetic separation. Abstract: The work presented in this paper is related to integration of switch mode audio amplifiers and electro dynamic loudspeakers, using the speaker's voice coil as output filter, and the magnetic structure as heatsink for the amplifier. |
15,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of substrate noise and techniques for minimization, and key words: Circuit noise, Noise shaping, Circuit testing, Analog circuits, Minimization, Noise measurement, Semiconductor device measurement, CMOS analog integrated circuits, Coupling circuits, Degradation. Abstract: This paper presents a study of substrate noise effects on analog circuits and a technique for minimizing substrate noise. Measured data of a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS test chip reveals that substrate noise couples through circuit asymmetries and nonlinearity, degrading analog circuit performance. An active substrate noise shaping circuit implemented on the same test chip demonstrates over 10 dB improvement in SNDR in the 0-20 kHz band of a delta-sigma modulator for substrate noise generated by an inverter array. |
15,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Fast Calculation Method of Temperature Rise for Direct Buried Cable Group, and key words: Temperature distribution, Thermal resistance, Fitting, Thermal engineering, Soil, Thermal management, Real-time systems. Abstract: A method was proposed to achieve fast calculation of temperature rise for direct buried cable group. This method is based on the transition matrix and heat transfer theory. The interaction of the cable groups is discretized into a combination of multiple cables. The temperature rise of each cable core is calculated by finite element and the transfer matrix can be obtained by fitting operation. The transfer matrix characterizes the self-heating and cross-heating effects of the cables. The temperature rise of the directly buried cable group with 4 cables was calculated by FEM and transfer matrix in the verification calculation. Compared with the finite element method, the transfer matrix has faster calculation speed, which provides convenience for field engineers. In addition, the influence of environmental factors on the transfer matrix is also considered. |
15,852 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automated Electro-Thermal-Mechanical Co-Simulation Methodology Based on PSpice-MATLAB-COMSOL for SiC Power Module Design, and key words: Couplings, Silicon carbide, Asia, Wires, Multichip modules, Software, Data models. Abstract: The design of power module requires an accurate multi-physical fields simulation methodology to simulate the electro-thermal stress accurately. The paper proposed an automated multi-physical fields modeling and co-simulation methodology based on intelligent software interfaces for SiC power module design. Firstly, the multi-physical fields coupling mechanism and basic co-simulation principle of the proposed methodology are described. Then, the co-simulation software interface and indirect coupling strategy are designed for this methodology, which can reflect the evolution of various physical fields from initial condition to steady state through continuous transient simulation. Finally, the proposed co-simulation methodology is verified by direct steady-state thermal simulation of a SiC MOSFET power module. The simulation results from the steady-state thermal simulation demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed simulation methodology. |
15,853 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection and Mitigation of Safety Critical Lane Changes in Partially-Connected Vehicles, and key words: Intelligent vehicles, Microscopy, Design methodology, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Information services, Throughput, Road safety. Abstract: Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is an emerging technology which enables vehicles to share data, facilitating functions such as traffic information service, collision warning or cooperative control to potentially increase throughput and enhance road safety. However, the benefits of V2V communication during the early stages of market penetration, where communicating and non-communicating vehicles are co-existing, are not yet clear. This paper aims at quantifying the relationship between the penetration ratio of communicating vehicles and the additional safety that can be achieved thereby. We design a rule-based method for early detection of aggressive lane change behaviors using communicated motion data and evaluate its effectiveness according to different penetration ratios and traffic scenarios. Furthermore, we propose a proactive countermeasure which can be applied to mitigate the disruptive impact of erratic lane changes and analyze its performance in case different number of vehicles implement the measure. The results from a microscopic traffic simulator indicate that in partially-connected traffic, anomalies such as abrupt lane changes even of non-connected cars can be detected by observing the response of the following vehicles. In addition, by applying pre-braking as a countermeasure, traffic safety can be improved in terms of surrogate safety measures (SSM), |
15,854 | Please write an abstract with title: A reconfigurable FPU as IP component for SoCs, and key words: Coprocessors, Dairy products, Modems, Energy consumption, Control systems, Costs, Hardware, System-on-a-chip, Laboratories, Prototypes. Abstract: Nowadays SoCs are complex systems made up of several different components that can be fit on the same die. Modem microelectronics technologies enlarge the gap between the number of devices that can be integrated on the same chip and what can be effectively designed in an ever shorter time-to-market. Moreover modern applications require high computational power at a reasonable cost in terms of area and power consumption. All these problems can be addressed using IP-reusable and reconfigurable blocks: using pre-made components makes the design and test time decrease significantly, and reconfigurability gives a high degree of flexibility and reusability to the design allowing to get this way a final product characterized by longer lifetime and lower costs. In this paper a parametric 32-bit floating-point unit described using VHDL language constructs that enable hardware configurability is presented. |
15,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Managing data constraints in database-backed web applications, and key words: Tools, Reliability, Usability, Open source software, Software engineering. Abstract: Database-backed web applications manipulate large amounts of persistent data, and such applications often contain constraints that restrict data length, data value, and other data properties. Such constraints are critical in ensuring the reliability and usability of these applications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on where data constraints are expressed, what they are about, how often they evolve, and how their violations are handled. The results show that developers struggle with maintaining consistent data constraints and checking them across different components and versions of their web applications, leading to various problems. Guided by our study, we developed checking tools and API enhancements that can automatically detect such problems and improve the quality of such applications. |
15,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Single-Stage Isolated Half-Bridge/Full-Bridge Converter for DC/AC Applications, and key words: Performance evaluation, Analytical models, Semiconductor devices, Bridge circuits, Energy conversion, Zero voltage switching, Transformers. Abstract: This paper proposes a four-port AC/DC-DC/AC converter composed of a half-bridge converter and a full-bridge converter replacing their inductive filters by means of a transformer. The power balance between the ports is achieved through both duty-cycles and the phase angle between the voltages applied by these bridges. The analysis of the converter was accomplished by using the superposition principle allowing to define different modes of operation. Furthermore, a control strategy is proposed for an application of the converter and in order to corroborate the theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are introduced. Finally, the performance of the converter is assessed as a function of the delivered power. |
15,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Evolving Fast Innovation in Next-Generation Networking Through Flexible and Customized Softwarization and Slicing Capabilities, and key words: Technological innovation, Protocols, Network slicing, Network function virtualization, Quality of experience, Software defined networking, Next generation networking. Abstract: This paper discusses how the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm can be employed to address daily local networking constraints and reduce time-to-market by improving network slicing adoption perspectives. In a practical way, we also demonstrate how high flexibility and customized capabilities of softwarization can provide faster delivery of network management applications for improving user Quality of Experience (QoE) than a traditional network protocol stack. |
15,858 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Method for Privacy Concerns on Digital Contact Tracing Protocols, and key words: COVID-19, Privacy, Epidemics, Data privacy, Protocols, Codes, Pattern recognition. Abstract: In the post-epidemic era of normalized COVID-19, digital contact tracing will continue to be used as an efficient epidemiological investigation tool. Meanwhile, its widespread use has raised concerns about long-term data privacy and security. In this paper, an effective method for privacy concerns on digital contact tracing protocols (DCTP) is proposed. Digital contact tracing protocols are classified from both technical and architectural perspective. Then, the LINDDUN (each letter of "LINDDUN" stands for a privacy threat type) privacy threat modeling framework is used to analyze the privacy threats that may be contained in different protocols. Last, mitigation strategies are provided to advance privacy protection for future digital contact tracing protocols. The experiment show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods. |
15,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Measurement Feature Extraction Based on Association Rule Mining in Integrated Energy System, and key words: Correlation coefficient, Electrical engineering, Renewable energy sources, Correlation, Systematics, Fitting, Energy measurement. Abstract: With the development of Integrated Energy System (IES) and renewable energy, the scenarios of energy measurement are more and more complex. Simulations based on single communication mode or single device cannot meet the needs of power grid. In order to build a systematic and large-scale energy measurement simulation system, it's important to study energy measurement feature extraction. To address this issue, an energy measurement feature extraction strategy based on association rule mining is proposed in this paper: Using support and confidence to evaluate the relevance between features, so as to find the suspected association in energy measurement features, and then eliminate redundant feature by nonlinear fitting and multiple correlation coefficient. The case results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. |
15,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Road Segmentation in Aerial Imagery by Deep Neural Networks with 4-Channel Inputs, and key words: Wireless communication, Training, Image segmentation, Image analysis, Image color analysis, Roads, Neural networks. Abstract: Roads are the essential modules in various applications. Road segmentation from aerial imagery is a significant research topic in the area of remote sensing. Extracting road information with high quality is very significant for many applications. Deep learning framework has been proved to be an effective approach in many image analysis and detail extraction techniques. In this paper, images with multiple colour channels are used to train the low complexity deep Res-UNet model architecture. Res-UNet model is trained with combination of boundary and Lovasz softmax loss functions. Experimental results on the public dataset indicates that proposed method with 4-channel inputs provides better results. |
15,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Computation of Causality in Globally Hyperbolic Spacetimes Using Link Invariants and Relevant Applications to Quantum Computing, and key words: quantum computing, algorithms, optimization, link invariants, quantum field theory, causality. Abstract: The concept of causality allows physicists to study the universe under the lens of cause-and-effect relations to achieve a deeper understanding of the connections between events. More formally, causality is a property between points in spacetime where a path between them can be traveled at a speed less than that of light, allowing information to travel between them and ensuring they can influence each other. In modern literature, the best working quantum theory, quantum field theory, is deeply intertwined with causality, both at the microscopic and macroscopic scales, and is one of the most promising tools for the major efficiency improvement required for next-generation quantum computers as it stores information globally rather than locally at a point. Thus, efficient causality detection is an important problem, with its fundamental connections to quantum field theory and quantum computing, and due to this significance, previous attempts have been made to detect causality but were inefficient. In this project, we designed a more efficient causality detection algorithm for a class of spacetimes known as globally hyperbolic spacetimes using a stronger link invariant known as the cocycle invariant. We used the Low Conjecture to represent relationships between points in spacetime using link diagrams. Results from cocycle invariant calculations showed a clear distinction between causal and non-causal links, and further use of a queue and constant term reduction enhanced efficiency. Combining this differentiation with data from the Alexander Conway Invariant yielded a detection algorithm that is competitive to and outperforms those in the literature. |
15,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Sub-Routines in NVIDIA cuBLAS Library for a series of Matrix-Matrix Multiplications in Transformer, and key words: Tensors, Scientific computing, Machine learning, Linear algebra, Data science, Transformers, Libraries. Abstract: The general matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a key operation used in a variety of areas such as Computational Science, Data Science, Machine Learning, and so on. In transformers which are foundation models, Multi-Head Attention (MHA) has a series of matrix-matrix multiplications. To perform the MHA on GPUs, we need to exploit highly optimized sub-routines for GEMM, provided their hardware vendor. On NVIDIA GPUs, the cuBLAS library is provided in order to support basic linear algebra subprograms (BLAS). In this paper, we examine and analyze several sub-routines to handle a series of matrix-matrix multiplications used in the transformer model on NVIDIA GPUs. |
15,863 | Please write an abstract with title: The first field trial of a wavelength routing WDM full-mesh network system (AWG-STAR) in a metropolitan/local area, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Intelligent networks, Protocols, Bit rate, Asynchronous transfer mode, Synchronous digital hierarchy, Cities and towns, Delay, Routing. Abstract: We describe the first field trial of a secure wavelength routing full-mesh WDM (AWG-STAR) network for citywide local-administration in Japan. A 32/spl times/32 AWG-router and five WDM nodes with a management system of 43 nodes were installed in a downtown area. |
15,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the proton-induced permanent degradation in an optocoupler, and key words: Degradation, Protons, Light emitting diodes, Energy loss, Silicon, Phototransistors, Low earth orbit satellites, Semiconductor devices, Optoelectronic devices, Space missions. Abstract: We have studied the effect of proton irradiation with energies from 21 to 200 MeV on commercial optocouplers. The basic degradation mechanisms for such devices are reviewed. Our experimental results are described. Using the concept of displacement damage dose, we propose a new approach to analyze the results. |
15,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-constrained task mapping and scheduling in wireless sensor networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless sensor networks, Processor scheduling, Energy consumption, Parallel processing, Concurrent computing, Computational modeling, Batteries, Collaboration, Computer networks. Abstract: Collaboration among sensors through parallel processing mechanisms emerges as a promising solution to achieve high processing power in resource-restricted wireless sensor networks (WSN). Although task mapping and scheduling in wired networks of processors has been well studied in the past, their application to WSNs remains largely unexplored. Due to the limitations of WSNs, existing algorithms cannot be directly implemented in WSNs. In this paper, a task mapping and scheduling solution for energy-constrained applications in WSNs, energy-constrained task mapping and scheduling (EcoMapS), is presented. EcoMapS incorporates channel modeling, concurrent task mapping, communication and computation scheduling, and sensor failure handling algorithm. The performance of EcoMapS is evaluated through simulations with randomly generated directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Simulation results show significant performance improvements compared with an existing mechanism in terms of minimizing schedule lengths subject to energy consumption constrains |
15,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Rectangular and Annular Modal Analyses of Multimode Waveguide Bends, and key words: Modal analysis, Rectangular waveguides, Electromagnetic waveguides, Maxwell equations, Differential equations, Iterative methods, Couplings, Microwave propagation, Transmission lines, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: Spurious modes in multimode H-plane waveguide bends of nonuniform curvature are computed on the basis of rectangular and annular waveguide modal analyses. The sets of coupled differential equations for the wave amplitudes are solved numerically using both an iterative approach and the Runge-Kutta method. The advantages and limitations of the different approaches to this problem are considered in detail. |
15,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Phase Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Planar Magnetics for Telecom and Server Application, and key words: Windings, Magnetic resonance, Prototypes, Resonant converters, Magnetic noise, Transformers, Telecommunications. Abstract: The LLC converter is considered the most efficient topology in server and telecom applications. And, it has been demonstrated that three interleaved LLC converters can achieve further efficiency improvement at the 3KW power level. However, the magnetic components for multiphase LLC are complex, bulky, and difficult to manufacture in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, a high-frequency GaN based three-phase LLC converter is utilized to attempt to address these challenges. With GaN operating at 1 megahertz, all magnetic components, namely three inductors and three transformers, can be integrated in one common structure while all magnetic windings are contained in a compact 4-layer PCB with 3 oz. copper. The proposed structure can be easily and cost effectively manufactured in high quantities. Furthermore, up to a 20db reduction of common-mode noise, from 150KHz up to 30MHz, can be realized if 2 additional PCB layers are employed for proposed CM noise shielding. A 3kW 400V/48V 3-phase prototype is demonstrated, with an expected peak efficiency of 97.4% and a power density of 450W/in3 (28 kW/L). |
15,868 | Please write an abstract with title: School engagement as a mediator in students' social relationships and academic performance: a survey based on CiteSpace, and key words: Visualization, Data analysis, Social networking (online), Sociology, Education, Psychology, Market research. Abstract: Purpose – In studies related to education, sociology and economics, the relationship between students' social relationships and their academic performance is one of the most important research topics; a large number of research studies have focused on it. This study aims to analyze the previous studies about social interaction and academic performance and attempts to reveal the underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses CiteSpace to analyze 1,843 articles on social relationships and academic performance from 2001 to 2019. According to the co-cited literature network results in CiteSpace, this study proposes an adapted conceptual framework of the relationship between social relationships and academic performance. This paper further examines more studies about the two most-cited articles in the co-cited literature network for better understanding. Findings – From the results of the co-cited literature network, this study determines that school engagement is an important mediator between social relationships and academic performance. This paper further examines studies on school engagement and determine that, along with the self-determination theory, school engagement is influenced by multiple components of self-determination theory: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Originality/value – According to the visual result in CiteSpace, this study examines a research trend in which researchers scholars start to conduct micro and detailed empirical research on the impact of the specific social networks on academic performance because of the progress of information technology. Therefore, based on the previous literature that we have analyzed, this study predicts that the trend of using information technology, such as data mining or data analysis, in this academic field will become a mainstream practice in the future. |
15,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital repatriation: virtual museum partnerships with indigenous peoples, and key words: Cultural differences, Global communication, Law, Educational institutions, Education, Collaborative work, Collaboration, Proposals, Legal factors, Protection. Abstract: The University of Texas and the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian have had experience working together on virtual museum projects that bring indigenous people to the museum for the purpose of "digitally repatriating" important cultural items. The initial virtual museum project provided a strategy for cultural responsive teaching in American Indian schools. They also provided a forum for cultural revitalization and cultural collaboration. The university and the museum are developing proposals to further develop the digital repatriation concept to include more tribal community participation and international indigenous participation. |
15,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Gamification to motivate the development of autonomous tasks in the university : Case study: Central University of Ecuador, and key words: Education, Software, Mathematics, Proposals, Task analysis, Programming profession. Abstract: Combine face-to-face classes with a gamified e-Learning platform, is a proposal in higher education that increases the commitment and motivation in the development of autonomous tasks. The present research shows the results of the application in the subject Programming I (P-I) of the Faculty of Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics (FEPSM) of the Central University of Ecuador (CUE). For this, an explanatory study, with a quasi-experimental design with groups: experimental (gamified methodology) and control (traditional methodology), is carried out. These results are discussed in seven semesters, during the years 2015 and 2019. In addition, surveys are applied to students who completed the gamification course to evaluate the gamification strategies applied. To determine if the proposal allows improving the academic performance of the students, differences between groups were evaluated using the t-Student test in the case of normality and the non-parametric U-Mann-Whitney test in the case of non-normality. The nine experimental groups who used the gamified methodology are compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the medium for k samples. It is concluded that the implementation of gamification strategies on a virtual learning platform not only influenced students' motivation in the development of autonomous tasks but also allowed better academic performance. |
15,871 | Please write an abstract with title: A MIMO parameter estimation model taking Ricean fading channel and stochastically uncorrelated signals into account. Part II. Asymptotically efficient estimators, and key words: MIMO, Parameter estimation, Fading, Sensor arrays, Covariance matrix, Antenna arrays, Phased arrays, Transmitting antennas, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Antenna theory. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is twofold; to demonstrate parameter estimation possibility of MIMO model and to propose an asymptotically efficient approach for estimating three channel parameters such as, nominal direction, angular spread and rice factor. Manipulating the estimation in efficient manner, the benchmark and the proposed estimators are based on weighted least squares (WLS) criteria. Rather than invoking the sample covariance estimate in ordinary WLS criterion, the proposed approach makes use of structured covariance estimate for computing the weight matrix. The nonparametric estimate presented here in is the way to constrain the array covariance matrix to hold the Toeplitz structure so that the residual due to imposing the structured weight matrix is less than that provided by employing the ordinary sample covariance. As a matter of course, this leads to more advantage for parameter estimation, particularly, in non-asymptotic region of temporal snapshot number. Numerical examples are conducted to validate the superiority in non-asymptotic situations. |
15,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Surface Modification of Tetra-needle like ZnO (T-ZnO) and Characterization of Interface Between Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu and NiO Decorated T-ZnO, and key words: Nanoparticles, Casting, Self-assembly, II-VI semiconductor materials, Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, Lead, Zinc oxide. Abstract: In this study, a novel SnAgCu lead free composite solder was prepared with ultrasonic casting. Tetra-needle like ZnO (T-ZnO) was chosen as the reinforcement due to the spatial three-dimensional structure, and surface modification was conducted to the T-ZnO with the pyrolysis method based with self-assembly. The results showed that NiO nanoparticle evenly attached on the surface of T-ZnO. For the NiO/T-ZnO reinforced Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu composite solder, no gaps and no micropores were observed at the interface between the solder matrix and reinforcement, which suggested that this Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu/NiO/T-ZnO composite interface structure was well designed. |
15,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Quality Assessment of Low Free-Energy Protein Structure Predictions, and key words: Quality assessment, Protein engineering, Learning systems, Sequences, Statistical learning, Signal analysis, Interpolation, Entropy, Machine learning, Predictive models. Abstract: Analyzing and engineering cellular signaling processes requires accurate estimation of cellular subprocesses such as protein-folding. We apply parametric and nonparametric classification to the problem of assessing three-dimensional protein domain structure predictions generated by the Rosetta ab initio structure prediction method. The assessment is based on whether the predicted structure is similar enough to a known protein structure to be classified as being in the same protein superfamily. We develop appropriate features and apply Gaussian mixture models, K-nearest-neighbors, and the recently developed linear interpolation with maximum entropy method (LIME). The proposed learning methods outperform a previous quality assessment method based on generalized linear models. Results show that the proposed methods reject the vast majority of poor structural predictions while identifying a useful number of good predictions |
15,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of IGBT with integral freewheeling diode, and key words: Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Semiconductor diodes, P-i-n diodes, Numerical simulation, Diffusion bonding, Current density, Silicon, Circuit simulation, Switching circuits, Costs. Abstract: A new power structure integrating a freewheeling diode in the termination region of a punch-through (PT) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is presented. The proposed solution requires virtually no silicon area penalty with respect to a standard IGBT. Static and dynamic experimental results show the correct behavior of both IGBT and freewheeling diode. Further, it is shown that the lateral diode surrounding the multicellular IGBT can support IGBT direct current with low on-state voltage drop. The operation mechanisms of the composite structure and design techniques to improve structure dynamic behavior are investigated through two-dimensional numerical device simulations. |
15,875 | Please write an abstract with title: A Non-Intrusive Load Identification System Based on Frequency Response Analysis, and key words: Support vector machines, Home appliances, Energy consumption, Energy measurement, Smart homes, Machine learning, Frequency response. Abstract: The Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) systems measure the energy consumption of individual electrical equipment and appliances connected to a home or building, over time intervals of a few days or weeks. The analysis of the energy consumed by each single device makes it possible to identify the least efficient or malfunctioning ones and to implement the appropriate actions aimed at reducing consumption. NILM systems are also useful when it is necessary to identify the devices in use at a given moment, regardless of the information associated with their consumption. This information is useful in fulfilling the feedback needs of modern smart home, energy management and assisted living systems. In this work an analysis method based on the Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) technique, for the identification of loads, is analyzed. SFRA techniques are widely used in diagnostics and mainly for fault finding in transformers and electric motors. More specifically, in this work the SFRA technique has been applied for the identification of the signature of household appliances, for NILM applications, proposing a new system based on the machine learning (ML) technology. |
15,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of time-resolved neutron spectra by MCNP code and Monte-Carlo method in a Filippov type plasma focus, and key words: Neutrons, Detectors, Energy resolution, Plasma sources, Fault location, Voltage, Capacitors, Plastics, Reconstruction algorithms, Optimization methods. Abstract: Summary form only given. In this paper we present theoretical method and experimental work for obtaining the time-resolved energy spectra of neutrons emitted in the Filippov type plasma focus, DENA. This facility is operated at 18 kV discharge voltage, about 1 MA pinch current and 50 kJ capacitor energy. The experiments have been performed by recording the signals of a number of neutron detectors (plastic scintillator+PMT) placed at the different optimized distances from the source. A Monte-Carlo reconstruction method has been used for optimizing the set of the experiments. To simulate of the detectors responses, the MCNP code has been employed and then, reconstruction and comparison of the time-resolved energy spectrum of fusion neutrons have been done by Monte-Carlo method. Time resolution of about 5-10 ns and energy resolution of about 50-100 keV is achieved. Finally, a comparative study of neutron emission mechanisms in the two type of geometry of plasma focus devices, Mather and Filippov, is presented by using this method. |
15,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Field SAR Image Restoration Based on Two Dimensional Spatial-Variant Deconvolution, and key words: Degradation, Image quality, Deconvolution, Convolution, Current measurement, Imaging, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Images of near-field SAR contains spatial-variant sidelobes and clutter, subduing the image quality. Current image restoration methods are only suitable for small observation angle, due to their assumption of 2D spatial-invariant degradation operation. This limits its potential for large-scale objects imaging, like the aircraft. To ease this restriction, in this work an image restoration method based on the 2D spatial-variant deconvolution is proposed. First, the image degradation is seen as a complex convolution process with 2D spatial-variant operations. Then, to restore the image, the process of deconvolution is performed by cyclic coordinate descent algorithm. Experiments on simulation and measured data validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Compared with current methods, higher precision estimation of the targets' amplitude and position is obtained. |
15,878 | Please write an abstract with title: Independent Worker Selection In Crowdsourcing, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Privacy, Plagiarism, Conferences, Predictive models, Security, Task analysis. Abstract: Crowdsourcing allows workers to participate in collaborative works. The selection of proper workers is essential for the quality of task completion. However, in crowdsourcing mode, task plagiarism or collusion among connecting workers greatly affects the quality of some specific tasks. In this paper, we propose an independent worker selection framework based on the technology of community detection and link prediction. The former is used to guarantee that the selected workers have no or very weak connections currently, the latter is to guarantee that they will have no connections in future. We also conduct intensive homogeneity analysis to help guide the independence among the selected workers. Experimental results validate that our work can select workers with high efficiency and high independence. |
15,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Flash LiDAR for Autonomous Driving, and key words: Laser radar, Sensors, Autonomous vehicles, Very large scale integration, Motorcycles, Image resolution, Distance measurement. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. The Lidar is the one of the important sensors for autonomous driving. It not only has the smallest angular resolution to discriminate the car, motorcycle, bike and pedestrian, but also provides the most accurate three dimensional image. LiDAR's miniaturization and all-solid-state technology mainly rely on the development of ranging chips and sensor chips. It is also the most important technology of flash Lidar. |
15,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Contraction-Based Methods for Stable Identification and Robust Machine Learning: a Tutorial, and key words: Robust control, Image recognition, Tutorials, Reinforcement learning, Observers, Stability analysis. Abstract: This tutorial paper provides an introduction to recently developed tools for machine learning, especially learning dynamical systems (system identification), with stability and robustness constraints. The main ideas are drawn from contraction analysis and robust control, but adapted to problems in which large-scale models can be learnt with behavioural guarantees. We illustrate the methods with applications in robust image recognition and system identification. |
15,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Changes of event related potentials depend on the preference in pictures used for stimulations, and key words: Enterprise resource planning, Positron emission tomography, Electroencephalography, Delay, Humans, Adaptive filters, Displays, Engineering management, Control systems, Brain. Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to clarify the relationship between the changes of event related potentials (ERP) caused by pictures' stimulation and the subjects' preference in the pictures. Our approach is to select six kinds of pictures of pets, to measure ERPs caused by the pictures, to analyze the characteristics like amplitude and latency of ERPs depending on the kinds of pictures and to assure whether ERPs can describe the subjects' preference in pets' pictures. |
15,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling passive and active microwave remote sensing of snow using DMRT theory with rough surface boundary conditions, and key words: Microwave theory and techniques, Remote sensing, Snow, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Boundary conditions, Particle scattering, Numerical models, Quantum cellular automata, Computational modeling. Abstract: The microwave signatures of a layer of dry snow overlying ground with a rough surface are computed. We use dense medium radiative transfer (DMRT) theory with Quasicrystalline approximation (QCA) for densely distributed sticky moderate size particles to calculate the volume scattering in snow. The rough surface scattering and emission are modeled by the Numerical Maxwell Model of 3D simulations (NMM3D), which is accelerated by fast computation method known as with Sparse-Matrix Canonical Grid method (SMCG). The bistatic scattering coefficients of rough surfaces are used as the boundary conditions for the DMRT. Both active and passive cases are studied. |
15,883 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of stimulation duration to the existence of initial dip, and key words: Hemodynamics, Brain, Blood, Task analysis, Brain-computer interfaces, Electroencephalography, Imaging. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the effect of stimulation durations on the hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the somatosensory cortex. In doing so, the relationship between stimulation duration and the initial dip is also investigated. The HRs are measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The HR signals related to finger poking are acquired from the left somatosensory cortex. Two different stimulation durations (i.e., 1 and 5 sec) were tested in this study. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the stimulation duration of 1 sec (short stimulus) evokes initial dip in the somatosensory cortex, but it disappears as the stimulation duration gets longer. Therefore, the 1-sec stimulation duration can serve the purpose of the fNIRS-based brain-computer interface. |
15,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating the strategies to solve the problem of heavy traffic by dynamic user optimal assignment method, and key words: Traffic control, Road transportation, Optimal control, Centralized control, Lighting control, Urban planning, Dynamic scheduling, Shape. Abstract: Many ways could be used to reduce traffic flow of rush hour, such as traffic control by traffic lights and obstacle structural road, city planning by rational layout different establishments and harmonious work schedule of different occupations. On the basis of cell-based variational inequality formulation of dynamic user optimal assignment method, the advantages of reducing traffic flow of rush hour were assessed quantitatively on conditions of the different shapes of roads and the different states of lagged traffic flow. The results achieved by the proposed method is valuable in selecting the strategy in solving the problem of heavy traffic. |
15,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Face Recognition of Intelligent Building based on Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Visual Image, and key words: Access control, Visualization, Face recognition, Roads, Buildings, Superresolution, Optics. Abstract: In recent years, more and more countries and regions have embarked on the road of modernization with the increasing competition in the field of high-tech. The development of science and technology has brought great convenience to people's life, and our living environment has been improved to a large extent. Face recognition technology integrates computer, communication, optics, electronics, machinery and other multidisciplinary technologies, and has broad application prospects in the field of control and intelligent building. This paper focuses on face details, through face super-resolution reconstruction technology for face recognition, to provide more information for many real scene applications such as face recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high recognition rate and speed. |
15,886 | Please write an abstract with title: First Steps Towards the Design of a multi-Chemistry, multi-Battery State of Health Screening System, and key words: Cascaded Buck-Boost converter, Multi-chemistry, Multi-battery, State of Health screening system. Abstract: Local governments and battery manufacturers will have a serious problem once the batteries from first generation of electric vehicles will reach the End of Life. These batteries are retired because they do not comply with automotive safety regulations and transportation laws. Even so they still have about 80% of their initial capacity, which makes them suitable in other less demanding applications. However, they must first undergo an extensive evaluation to identify batteries with similar characteristics so that new battery packs can be made. This paper presents the development and testing of a multi-chemistry, multi-battery state of health screening system. The design is based on a bidirectional DC-DC cascaded Buck-Boost power converter that allows simultaneous testing of two or more cells, despite their chemistry. |
15,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Probabilistic Density-based Adaptive Clustering for Streaming Data, and key words: Pollution, Heuristic algorithms, Memory management, Clustering algorithms, Maintenance engineering, Probabilistic logic, Real-time systems. Abstract: The Internet of Things(IoT) has been applied in many real-world scenarios to provide intelligent solutions in recent years. The biggest challenge in these applications is the enormous volume of data generated from the devices. Adequate mechanisms are demanded to process this data in real-time to generate valuable information. In many IoT scenarios, a grouping of generated data is effective in deriving insights. Clustering techniques are beneficial for grouping data when the label is partially or fully not available. This paper proposes a probabilistic clustering algorithm for IoT data streams, where the number of clusters need not be defined in advance. In addition, the clusters are managed adaptively using a maintenance system. The model has experimented with two publicly available IoT data sets: weather and pollution data. We compared cluster quality with existing algorithms, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed clustering scheme. |
15,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Vintage CryptoKitties and the Quest for Authenticity, and key words: Conferences, Games, Cryptography, Labeling, Creativity. Abstract: This paper presents the case of the blockchain-based game CryptoKitties (Axiom Zen, 2017), more specifically, one particular way of making game tokens potentially more valuable by labeling them ‘vintage’. Firstly, I show how the meaning of ‘vintage’ was collectively constructed by the community of players and negotiated online until it was acknowledged by the owners of the game. Secondly, I measure the influence of the ‘vintage’ label on the game market in the first six months of 2018. I base my measurements on open market data available through such services as KittyHelper, Etherscan and the Chrome plug-in CKBox. I conclude that ‘vintage kitties' did not acquire surplus market value even after they became a publicly recognized part of the game: breeding them resulted in losses for the majority of players. However, their retro aesthetics inspired creativity of many players and signified the social status of “the new rich”. |
15,889 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Sampling Distributions Using Local 3D Workspace Decompositions for Motion Planning in High Dimensions, and key words: Geometry, Three-dimensional displays, Automation, Conferences, Fires, Robot sensing systems, Manipulators. Abstract: Earlier work has shown that reusing experience from prior motion planning problems can improve the efficiency of similar, future motion planning queries. However, for robots with many degrees-of-freedom, these methods exhibit poor generalization across different environments and often require large datasets that are impractical to gather. We present SPARK and FLAME, two experience-based frameworks for sampling-based planning applicable to complex manipulators in 3D environments. Both combine samplers associated with features from a workspace decomposition into a global biased sampling distribution. SPARK decomposes the environment based on exact geometry while FLAME is more general, and uses an octree-based decomposition obtained from sensor data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SPARK and FLAME on a real and simulated Fetch robot tasked with challenging pick-and-place manipulation problems. Our approaches can be trained incrementally and significantly improve performance with only a handful of examples, generalizing better over diverse tasks and environments as compared to prior approaches. |
15,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Wind dependent concepts for wake avoidance: a comparative analysis of capacity benefits and implementation risks, and key words: Risk analysis, NASA, FAA, Research and development, Airports, Costs, Systems engineering and theory, Control systems, Performance evaluation, Information analysis. Abstract: The FAA and NASA are jointly embarking on a multiphased research and development program to develop and implement wake vortex avoidance solutions that can safely reduce separations and improve capacity at airports in the NAS. Many options have been proposed by the wake turbulence community and it is necessary to focus research efforts on the most promising solutions. As part of its WakeVAS initiative, NASA has conducted an investigation of the research difficulty and cost for candidate operational enhancements through a Conops evaluation team (CET). This team included participation by stakeholders from many research, system engineering, system development, pilot, and controller organizations. The operational enhancements that were evaluated included wind-dependent concepts for arrivals to closely spaced parallel runways (CSPRs), departures from CSPRs operated as a single runway, arrivals to single runways, and departures from single runways. To complement this work and help provide the information necessary for NASA to focus their research program toward the most promising concepts, MITRE/CAASD performed an analysis of the potential capacity benefit, opportunity for application, and implementation risk for each arrival and departure concept evaluated by the CET. This paper provides an overview of the direction in which NASA research will proceed and the analysis results that help support this decision. |
15,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Informatization Teaching of Courses in Colleges Based on Small Private Online Course, and key words: Analytical models, Computer aided instruction, Electronic learning, Education, Information management, Reliability, Information technology. Abstract: In recent years, informatization teaching in institutions of higher education has developed rapidly with an increasing number of colleges and universities attaching great importance to it. As a new type of information-based teaching mode, Small Private Online Course (SPOC) is regarded as the inheritance and development of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Through the content analysis of 89 cases of reform on SPOC blended teaching in institutions of higher education, this study constructs the element model that teachers paid attention to in SPOC blended teaching in China, and put forward related suggestions and solutions, aiming to provide ideas for the development of online teaching and advance the widespread application of information technology in teaching in colleges and universities. |
15,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated micro chamber for living cell analysis with negligible dead volume sample injector, and key words: Valves, Etching, Monitoring, Prototypes, System-on-a-chip, Laboratories, Polymers, Biological cells, Bonding, Filters. Abstract: We develop the micro chamber for real-time monitoring of living cell. It is integrated with an extremely low dead volume sample injector. The chamber was fabricated by the combination of isotropic etching and deep trench etching using CCP-RIE and ICP-RIE. The reproducible sample injection of the order of 1 nL is performed. Biological cell culture of HeLa is also demonstrated in a prototype device. |
15,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motor with Metal Amorphous Nanocomposite Soft Magnetic Material and Rare Earth Free Permanent Magnets, and key words: Stator cores, Magnetic flux, Velocity control, Rotors, Switches, Permanent magnet motors, Amorphous magnetic materials. Abstract: The power losses in high power-density motors due to high rotational speed and/or high pole counts may be reduced adopting metal amorphous nanocomposites (MANCs) featuring low power loss and a relatively high flux density ($\sim$1.3 T). We recently proposed a flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor with a rating of 2.5 kW at 1400 Hz electrical speed that incorporates low loss (<3W/kg at 1 kHz) FeNi-based MANC with projected iron loss of about 5 W. The motor design allows use of rare earth-free permanent magnets. To incorporate MANCs, an axial flux motor with rotor and stator cores made from a wound ribbon has been developed. We performed 3-d FEA to optimize the design and built and tested a prototype showing that low loss MANC material can be used for motor applications with high magnetic switching frequency. |
15,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Directional RI Sensing Property of Tilted Fiber Grating, and key words: Fiber gratings, Optical fiber sensors, Couplings, Optical fiber polarization, Sensitivity. Abstract: In this article, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated the unique vector refractive index (RI) sensing property of tilted fiber grating (TFG). Due to the orthogonal symmetric grating structure, TFGs would mainly achieve the coupling between the fiber core mode and the two orthogonal polarization LP1m of cladding mode. And the numerical simulation results showed that the coupling coefficient between fundamental core mode to the LP1m cladding mode is higher than the others. In the experiment, we have furthermore observed the cladding mode field distribution of excessively TFG (Ex-TFG) and long period fiber grating (LPFG), which indicated that the evanescent field distribution of cladding mode of TFG shows an asymmetric near field distribution with two lobes oriented along the fast axis of TFG, and the one of LPFG has a circularly symmetric cladding mode field distribution. In addition, by employing side-immersion method, we have measured the azimuth RI sensitivities of Ex-TFG, tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) and LPFG, which exhibited that both Ex-TFG and TFBG have shown a direction-dependency RI sensitivity, and the RI sensitivity with side-immersion along fast axis is almost half of the one along slow axis, and the RI sensitivity of LPFG is azimuth independent. Overall, the experiment results show that the TFGs inherently show unique directional RI sensing property, which could be potentially applied in vector sensing area. |
15,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting show rates in air cargo transport, and key words: Industries, Data analysis, Instruments, Reliability theory, Predictive models, Gaussian distribution, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Overbooking is an important tool for revenue optimization in airline industry both, for passenger and cargo transportation. While the former is “binary and one-dimensional” as the passengers either show up or not, the latter is more difficult. In particular, a commodity might show up for transport but both, its actual weight and volume, might differ significantly from the values specified in the booking. A reliable prediction of the show rates is therefore instrumental for any reasonable revenue optimization in air cargo industry. The present paper presents a new mathematical optimization model for predictive analytics. The exposition focusses, on the one hand, on the theoretical background of our approach which combines statistics, diagrams, clustering and data-transformations. On the other hand, we report on the successful application on (near) real world data from air cargo industry. |
15,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Temperature-Dependent Properties of BC-412 Polyvinyl Toluene Scintillator, and key words: Temperature measurement, Scintillators, Temperature distribution, Temperature dependence, Mirrors, Heating systems, Collimators. Abstract: Polyvinyl toluene (PVT), with additives, is a widely used organic plastic scintillator that is robust and inexpensive for large-volume gamma-ray detectors. Even though PVT-based scintillators have been used for decades in many applications, some of their basic optical properties have not been fully explored. Measurements of the attenuation length, index of refraction, and scintillation light output of a specific commercial PVT-based scintillator (Saint-Gobain BC-412) as a function of temperature are presented. These properties are important to the performance of systems using PVT-based scintillators in environments subject to wide temperature variations and are being used to better model the performance of such applications. |
15,897 | Please write an abstract with title: RBF neural network image reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography, and key words: Neural networks, Image reconstruction, Impedance, Tomography, Electrodes, Conductivity measurement, Radial basis function networks, Genetic algorithms, Voltage, Inverse problems. Abstract: Reconstruction of images in electrical impedance tomography requires the solution of a nonlinear inverse problem. This work presents a RBF neural network image reconstruction method trained by the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimum values of the following three parameters in the RBF network: centers, variances and connection weights, which are encoded as real number. Experimental results illustrate that this method can markedly improve image quality. |
15,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent SoS Application with GPS Tracking and Hidden Camera Detection, and key words: Cameras, Market research, Safety, Batteries, Informatics, Global Positioning System. Abstract: In this work, an application has been created which contains different features like a Tracking system, Hidden Camera, Siren, Safety Updates, News regarding different problems going in the area. The main problem tackled is the kidnaping and other problem which are increasing day by day in India. So as to address the above issue, an app called “BeSafe” is created, which contains a mixture of all kinds of features in one app which overcomes all the problems and issues which were not addressed in many research works since they lack in most of the functionality. Some app contains GPS location but no other features or vice-versa which has been considered in the proposed application. The main motivation towards the development of the application is that, more users has to make use of this app and be safe and happy. This application would reduce the crime rate in India as much as possible. |
15,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Ship Track Anomaly based on AIS data using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and DBSCAN, and key words: Technological innovation, Prediction algorithms, Trajectory, Marine vehicles, Artificial intelligence, Information technology, Long short term memory. Abstract: Anomaly is defined as an event or behaviour that deviates. Anomaly behaviour often carried out by ships sailing in Indonesian waters is to turn off AIS for a very long time. Ship identification is challenging for maritime inspectors to detect if the ship frequently turns off AIS during the voyage. Based on these problems, the researcher proposes to predict the ship's trajectory using historical AIS data. It is possible to predict ship trajectories based on AIS data to determine the trajectory of ships that turn off AIS. The results of the AIS trajectory are combined with the ship's trajectory, in general, to determine the trajectory with the ship's trajectory in general. A predicted ship trajectory that is not the same as the general route will be identified as an anomaly. Long Short Term Memory is proposed to predict ship trajectory using latitude, longitude, speed, and time parameters. LSTM modelling with four hidden layers, determining the batch size of 25, optimizing adam, epoch worth 100, and the loss function using the mean squared error. DBSCAN clustering is used to determine the trajectory with ship trajectories in general. The platform design is the ship trajectory in this study using the CRISP-DM methodology. This study evaluates the MAE and MSE values. The data used in this study is data on ships passing through ALKI 1 in July-September 2022. From this data, data on ships moving from Singapore to Tanjung Priok Jakarta are taken. The test results show that the algorithm performs well, with an MAE value of 0.0667 and an MSE of 0.0091. |
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