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16,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Double Resonance and Coherent Parametric Self-Mode-Locking in CW Superradiant Lasing, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Spectroscopy, Laser theory, Semiconductor lasers, Power lasers, Resonant frequency, Solitons. Abstract: We find an intriguing regime of simultaneous emission of two power trains of superradiant pulses and soliton-like pulses in a class C laser with a low-Q combined cavity that supports two broadband superradiant modes and many quasi-monochromatic self-locked modes under the condition of double resonance when (i) the latter modes have an intermode spacing two times less than a frequency spacing between the superradiant modes and (ii) a pulse-repetition interval in an oscillogram of each superradiant mode is multiple of a pulse-repetition cycle of the self-mode-locking solitons, i.e., a cavity round-trip period. |
16,701 | Please write an abstract with title: New low-cost thermally stable process to reduce silicon substrate: a way to extreme frequencies for high volume Si technologies, and key words: Silicon carbide, CMOS technology, Conductivity, Isolation technology, Laboratories, Coplanar waveguides, Radio frequency, Thermal resistance, Fabrication, Microwave technology. Abstract: Using a semi-insulating channel stopper (SICS) layer, silicon substrate RF losses have been eliminated on high resistive silicon wafers (HRS) up to 100 GHz, even after thermal treatments up to 1100/spl deg/C. The integration of the SICS layer is demonstrated at the bottom of shallow trench isolation (STI) in a state-of-the-art CMOS technology. These results open a way to easily integrate low-cost high quality passive devices into standard high volume Si technologies. |
16,702 | Please write an abstract with title: Leakage in nanometer scale CMOS circuits, and key words: Circuits, Doping profiles, Subthreshold current, Energy consumption, Threshold voltage, Tunneling, Leakage current, CMOS technology, MOSFETs, P-n junctions. Abstract: High leakage current in deep sub-micron regimes is a significant contributor to the power dissipation of CMOS circuits as the CMOS technology scales down. Consequently, the identification and modeling of different leakage components is very important for estimation and reduction of leakage power, especially for low power applications. This paper explores transistor leakage mechanisms and device and circuit techniques to reduce leakage power consumption. |
16,703 | Please write an abstract with title: A new PMU-based fault detection/location technique for transmission lines with consideration of arcing fault discrimination-part I: theory and algorithms, and key words: Fault detection, Transmission line theory, Voltage, Power transmission lines, Phasor measurement units, Fault location, Power system harmonics, Amplitude estimation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Electrical fault detection. Abstract: A new fault detection/location technique with consideration of arcing fault discrimination based on phasor measurement units for extremely high voltage/ultra-high voltage transmission lines is presented in this two-paper set. Part I of this two-paper set is mainly aimed at theory and algorithm derivation. The proposed fault detection technique for both arcing and permanent faults is achieved by a combination of a fault detection index |M| and a fault location index |D|, which are obtained by processing synchronized fundamental phasors. One is to detect the occurrence of a fault and the other is to distinguish between in-zone and out-of-zone faults. Furthermore, for discriminating between arcing and permanent faults, the proposed technique estimates the amplitude of arc voltage by least error squares method through the measured synchronized harmonic phasors caused by the nonlinear arc behavior. Then, the discrimination will be achieved by comparing the estimated amplitude of arc voltage to a given threshold value. In addition, in order to eliminate the error caused by exponentially decaying dc offset on the computations of fundamental and harmonic phasors, an extended discrete Fourier transform algorithm is also presented. |
16,704 | Please write an abstract with title: IP-based handover management over IP-based handover management over heterogeneous wireless networks, and key words: Wireless networks, Wireless LAN, Signal design, Radio control, Data communication, Software radio, Radio network, Propagation losses, Delay, Mobile radio mobility management. Abstract: Mobile users are facing the fact that many heterogenous radio access technologies coexist, ranging from wireless LANs to cellular systems. No technology has emerged as a common and universal solution which makes the current trends today toward the design of all-IP wireless networks, where radio cells are under the control of IP access routers for signalling and data transmission. In such networks, an IP-device with multiple radio interfaces or software radio can roam between different radio networks regardless the heterogeneity of their radio access technologies. The design of an all-IP wireless network requires an efficient and flexible handover management. A major issue in handover control is reducing data losses and avoiding additional end to end transmission delays. In this paper we propose mechanisms to handle soft-handover management in the IP layer which can coexist with mobile IPv6 and allow efficient micro mobility management. |
16,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Isotropic Acousto-Optical Diffraction of Bessel Light Beams in Anisotropic Crystals, and key words: Tensors, Diffraction, Acoustic diffraction, Modulation, Crystals, Fasteners, Acoustics. Abstract: There were investigated the peculiarities of acousto-optical (AO) diffraction with the participation of Bessel light and Bessel acoustic beams in acoustically transverse isotropic crystals of hexagonal symmetry. AO diffraction was studied on vertically-polarized (SV-) acoustic transverse wave, which has a more complex polarization structure compared to horizontally polarized (SH-) wave, the diffraction on which was studied earlier [1]-[3]. It is shown that the use of SV-wave leads to modulation also of diagonal components of permittivity tensor that allows using them in the process of AO interaction. It is established that due to diagonal components $\Delta {\varepsilon _{ii}}$ of the permittivity tensor the isotropic diffraction of Bessel light beam with high efficiency can be realized. The proposed in the work schemes of AO interaction are perspective for dynamic reconstruction in wide limits of cone angle of Bessel light beams and also for transformation of the order of their screw dislocations. |
16,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Interaction of the Transition Radiation of a Charged Particle with Bi-Periodically Modulated Medium in a Waveguide, and key words: Electromagnetic waveguides, Filling, Modulation, Waveguide components, Harmonic analysis, Waveguide transitions, Inverse problems. Abstract: This paper is devoted to a theoretical study of the interaction of transition radiation of a moving charged particle with bi-periodically modulated in space dielectric filling of a regular ideal waveguide. We assume that the particle moves at a constant velocity, direction of which is perpendicular to the axis of waveguide. From the system of Maxwell's equations, a wave equations are obtained whose solutions leads to an analytical expressions for the transverse magnetic (TM) and electric (TE) fields of radiation with an accuracy of terms, which is proportional to small modulation depths. It is shown that in this approximation the TM and TE fields in the waveguide are a superposition of spatial harmonics (zero and plus - minus the first harmonics). The energies of the transition radiation of a charged particle in the domain of non-resonant interaction between the radiation and modulation waves of the waveguide filling is calculated (the first-order Wulf-Bragg condition for waves reflected from inhomogeneities of filling is not satisfied). It is shown that the energies of transition radiation at the fundamental (zero) harmonic does not depend on the depths of modulation of the filling, while at the side (plus - minus the first) harmonics they are proportional to the depths of modulation. The Cherenkov radiation frequency is found for the case of a rectangular waveguide. |
16,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive prediction for speech encoding, and key words: Encoding, Pulse modulation, Modulation coding, Speech coding, Lattices, Adaptive algorithm. Abstract: An overview of adaptive prediction in differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) systems used for speech encoding at 16 to 32 kilobits/sec.(kbps) is presented. Features of the paper include a discussion of both infinite impulse response and finite impulse response predictors and a development of the various predictor implementation structures, such as the direct or transversal form, the lattice form, and the cascade of second order sections form. Differences between forward and backward adaptation are described, and comparative performances results of several backward adaptive algorithms and predictor structures are discussed. |
16,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Asian Clams IoT Based Depuration System, and key words: Microorganisms, Filtering, Water quality, Water pollution, Sensors, Monitoring, Contamination. Abstract: Water contamination is one of the world's most serious issues. An Asian clam is a freshwater species that filters water particulates. Asian clams are edible and common sources of food poisoning; if consumed without cleansing, they can be hazardous to one's health. One way that can lessen this problem is a depuration procedure. Depuration is the process of cleansing and filtering bivalves such as clams, mussels and oysters. Parameter readings from the sensors and IoT monitoring has been the solution aid in maintaining the water quality required for Asian clam depuration. Values collected by the sensors will display through firebase and MIT app inventor installed in smartphone devices. The result obtained with this device shows how the Asian Clams are cleansed within 24 hours from Class C with 270 E. coli count per gram to Class B with 3.3 E. coli count which can be added a slight additional depuration hour to attain Class A. The proponents demonstrate the effectivity of this study by comparing the results of the present bacteria of Asian Clams from the existing devices use for depuration, which require more than a week to achieve the expected result. |
16,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of the Arc Model Parameters Using Heuristic Optimization Methods, and key words: Parameter estimation, Heuristic algorithms, Circuit breakers, Estimation, Optimization methods, Voltage, Tools. Abstract: The black box arc model is a valuable tool to describe the switching during the arcing time in AC and DC circuit breakers. It can provide an efficient approach to integrate the arc model in the network for investigating the interaction between arc and network. However, the reliable determination of arc model parameters based on the voltage and current waveforms is a challenging issue. This paper presents an estimation approach to the arc parameters based on the linear and nonlinear description of the Mayr arc model concerning the sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal current waveforms. Accordingly, Heuristic optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been used to assess the algorithms and for evaluating the parameters of arc models. |
16,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Voltage Distribution Network Simulation and Analysis for Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Integration, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Loading, Distribution networks, Power system stability, Stability analysis, Thermal stability, Load modeling. Abstract: The continued dependence on fossil fuels, which no doubts have negatively impacted on the climate has acted as a catalyst for the increasing deployment of distributed energy resources (DER). For most countries, the existing electricity structure was not designed, to meet the increased deployment of renewable energy(RE), electric vehicles (EVs), hence the need for restructuring. Determining the existing operating conditions of a feeder and predicting the short, medium, and long-term scenarios is critical for the planning of distribution network (DN) expansion. Around the world, various timelines have been set for transitioning from high carbon emission conventionally fuelled vehicles to EVs. A typical Nigerian distribution network was modelled and the effect of implementing ultra-low carbon emission EVs in different parts of the network was studied. A PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tool was used to examine the operating conditions of distribuition network parameteres. Simulation cases show that EVfleet and their chargers can be integrated into the DN during minimum loading conditions but with local voltage control measures. Thereults of this study could be useful to both the electricity system operators and policy makers in planning future grid expansion projects. |
16,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing the Computational Complexity of a Dynamic Model of the Time-varying Spatiotemporal Sensitivity of Neurons in the Visual Cortex, and key words: Neurons, Sensitivity, Data models, Kernel, Visualization, Computational modeling, Spatiotemporal phenomena. Abstract: In order to precisely track the dynamics of visual information encoding during saccadic eye movements, we have recently developed a computational model applicable to the sparse, limited neural data available during the short timescale of saccades. The time-varying stimulus kernels estimated by the model can provide a precise description of the neurons' dynamic spatiotemporal sensitivity with high precision during a saccade. Achieving this precision however requires handling a trade-off between the computational complexity, generalizability, and prediction accuracy of the encoding model. In this paper, we derive a principled strategy for the model parameterization to handle this trade-off, which is particularly critical for estimating the high-dimensional models using sparse neuronal data. The results of this analysis can guide optimizing various dimensionality reduction and model parameterization approaches used for the estimation of the generalized linear model-based frameworks applied on spiking data beyond the data and approaches used in this study. |
16,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Construction of Japanese Multimodal Utterance Corpus with Improved Emotion Balance and Naturalness, and key words: Crowdsourcing, Databases, Information processing, Data collection, Audio recording, Acoustics, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: This paper describes the development of a corpus of multimodal emotional behaviors. So far, many databases of multimodal affective behaviors have been developed. These databases are divided into spontaneous and acted behavior databases. Acted behavior databases can easily collect words with a balanced number of emotions; however, it has been pointed out that acted speech differs from spontaneous speech. In this work, we aim to collect acted multimodal emotional utterances that sound as natural as possible. To this end, we first collected scenes from tweets in which emotional balance was considered. Then, we performed an initial corpus collection, demonstrating that we could collect various emotional utterances. Next, we collected the corpus using a crowdsourcing platform. Then, we evaluated the naturalness of the collected speech by comparing it with the naturalness of the read speech database (JTES) and the spontaneous speech database (SMOC). As a result, the collected corpus was more natural than JTES, which indicates that the recording program effectively collected naturally-sounding emotional behavior corpus. |
16,713 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Computation of Neck-Like Features, and key words: Neck, Shape, Laplace equations, Filtration, Three-dimensional displays, Smoothing methods, Computational modeling. Abstract: Locating neck-like features, or locally narrow parts, of a surface is crucial in various applications such as segmentation, shape analysis, path planning, and robotics. Topological methods are often utilized to find the set of shortest loops around handles and tunnels. However, there are abundant neck-like features on genus-0 shapes without any handles. While 3D geometry-aware topological approaches exist to find neck loops, their construction can be cumbersome and may even lead to geometrically wide loops. Thus we propose a “topology-aware geometric approach” to compute the tightest loops around neck features on surfaces, including genus-0 surfaces. Our algorithm starts with a volumetric representation of an input surface and then calculates the distance function of mesh points to the boundary surface as a Morse function. All neck features induce critical points of this Morse function where the Hessian matrix has precisely one positive eigenvalue, i.e., type-2 saddles. As we focus on geometric neck features, we bypass a topological construction such as the Morse-Smale complex or a lower-star filtration. Instead, we directly create a cutting plane through each neck feature. Each resulting loop can then be tightened to form a closed geodesic representation of the neck feature. Moreover, we offer criteria to measure the significance of a neck feature through the evolution of critical points when smoothing the distance function. Furthermore, we speed up the detection process through mesh simplification without compromising the quality of the output loops. |
16,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Development of a Novel Bio-inspired Worm-type Soft Robot for In-pipe Locomotion, and key words: Robots, Actuators, Electron tubes, Force, Soft robotics, Pneumatic systems, Service robots. Abstract: The following paper presents the concept of an earthworm like soft robot for pipe crawling for the inspection of tubes and its design, development, and fabrication process. The soft robot was designed to help in preventing accidents in the industry caused due to faulty pipelines as conventional robots are unable to move through pipes efficiently. The proposed design employs a combination of two radial and one linear actuator fabricated using Ecoflex 00-30 to execute its worm-type locomotion. The radial actuators grip the walls of the pipe while the linear actuator traverses the robot forward. The robot, measuring 240mm in length and 68mm in diameter, was simulated for the expected results and tested in an experimental setup. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the blocked force and radial displacement of the radial actuator, and the linear displacement of the linear actuator against the pressure applied. The experimentation shows that the blocked force is sufficient to grip the tube preventing slip while a significant variation in radial displacement is observed at moderate pressures. The experiments conclude that the optimal usage parameters of the robot is an optimal operating pressure of 20kPa with a speed of 14.4 mm/s. |
16,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Same-destination-intermediate grouping vs. end-to-end grouping for waveband switching in WDM mesh networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Mesh networks, Analytical models, Costs, Bandwidth, Wavelength routing, Computer science, Spine. Abstract: We investigate waveband switching (WBS) with different grouping strategies in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) mesh networks. End-to-end waveband switching (ETE-WBS) and same-destination-intermediate waveband switching (SD-IT-WBS) are analyzed and compared in terms of blocking probability and cost savings. First, an analytical model for ETE-WBS is proposed to determine the network blocking probability in a mesh network. For SD-IT-WBS, a simple waveband switching algorithm is presented. An analytical model to determine the network blocking probability is proposed for SD-IT-WBS based on the algorithm. The analytical results are validated by comparing with simulation results. Both results match well and show that ETE-WBS slightly outperforms SD-IT-WBS in terms of blocking probability. On the other hand, simulation results show that SD-IT-WBS outperforms ETE-WBS in terms of cost savings. |
16,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensemble of artificial neural networks to control the induction soldering of spacecraft's waveguide paths, and key words: Temperature measurement, Space vehicles, Temperature sensors, Uncertainty, Instruments, Measurement uncertainty, Process control. Abstract: This article discusses the development of an intelligent technology designed to solve the problem of controlling the process of induction soldering of waveguide paths of spacecraft. The solution to this problem is complicated by the peculiarities due to the use of non-contact temperature sensors. Intelligent methods have proven themselves well in solving control problems under conditions of uncertainty. The use of intelligent methods is well suited both for solving problems of identification and correction of errors in measuring instruments, and for direct control of the technological process of induction soldering of waveguide paths of spacecraft. The essence of the proposed technology lies in the use of ensemble of artificial neural networks to solve the problem of controlling the induction soldering process at its following stages: assessing the quality of temperature measurements in the heating zone obtained using pyrometric sensors; correction of measurements in case of detection of non-standard errors in measuring instruments; control of the induction heating process in the absence of reliable readings of measuring instruments. The use of the presented intelligent system will improve the quality of control of the technological process of induction soldering of waveguide paths of spacecraft by reducing costs associated with the features of the technological process and non-contact temperature measurement sensors. |
16,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Statistical analysis of power spectra of signals governed by Markov chains, and key words: Statistical analysis, Pulse width modulation converters, Steady-state, Pulse width modulation, Switching converters, Switching circuits, Power electronics, Switches, Frequency conversion, Switching frequency. Abstract: The paper presents a novel derivation of the average autocorrelation and the average power spectrum for Markov renewal processes. Motivated by a practical problem arising in randomized switching in power electronic circuits, we provide a linear filtering interpretation of the process that forms continuous switching waveforms by concatenation of segments that are associated with various states of a Markov chain. This new, streamlined derivation of formulas for autocorrelation and power spectrum is of interest for optimized synthesis of randomized switching waveforms. |
16,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Social Link Inference via Multiview Matching Network From Spatiotemporal Trajectories, and key words: Trajectory, Social networking (online), Spatiotemporal phenomena, Couplings, Predictive models, Computer science, Correlation. Abstract: In this article, we investigate the problem of social link inference in a target location-aware social network (LSN), which aims at predicting the unobserved links between users within the network. This problem is critical for downstream applications, including network completion and friend recommendation. In addition to the network structures commonly used in general link prediction, the studies tailored for social link inference in an LSN leverage user trajectories from the spatial aspect. However, the temporal factor lying in user trajectories is largely overlooked by most of the prior studies, limiting the capabilities of capturing the temporal relevance between users. Moreover, effective user matching by fusing different views, i.e., social, spatial, and temporal factors, remains unresolved, which hinders the potential improvement of link inference. To this end, this article devises a novel multiview matching network (MVMN) by regarding each of the three factors as one view of any target user pair. MVMN enjoys the flexibility and completeness of modeling each factor by developing its suitable matching module: 1) location matching module; 2) time-series matching module; and 3) relation matching module. Each module learns a view-specific representation for matching, and MVMN fuses them for final link inference. Extensive experiments on two real-world data sets demonstrate the superiority of our approach against several competitive baselines for link prediction and sequence matching, validating the contribution of its key components. |
16,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Sign Language Interpreter Using Machine Learning, and key words: Pediatrics, Webcams, Gesture recognition, Auditory system, Machine learning, Assistive technologies, Telecommunication computing. Abstract: Communication is the key point for interaction and we humans use different languages through which we share our views and opinions. But for certain people i. e., the hearing impaired or the deaf and dumb they are not able communicate well because of their disability. According to World Health Organization (WHO) it is estimated that hearing loss affects approximately four hundred sixty-six million people globally with thirty-four millions of these being children. Sign language is one of the possibilities through which they can communicate. It is a coded language in which they use hand gestures. Communication with the rest of the world is very difficult for hearing-impaired people and hence they are isolated, in order to overcome these circumstances, we present a project that is helpful to such people. This project presents a solution with the use of Machine Learning that will identify hand gestures and translate it into speech/text and the vice versa that is it convert from speech/text to gesture. A webcam will be used to capture the region of interest i.e, recognize the hand motion as well as the gesture that the hand is indicating. Based on the recognized gestures, the recorded soundtrack will be played. |
16,720 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on College Students’ Learning Engagement and Classroom Preferences under the Smart Classroom Environment, and key words: Correlation, Educational technology. Abstract: This paper investigated college students’ overall levels of learning engagement and smart classroom preferences. A survey was conducted using a sample of college students (n=148) who have studied in the smart classroom environment for a semester in a university in central China. Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between students’ learning engagement and smart classroom preferences. The results showed that students had a high level of learning engagement and a strong smart classroom preference. Furthermore, each dimension of smart classroom preferences was positively associated with learning engagement in the smart classroom environment. These findings identified that students’ learning engagement can be improved in the smart classroom environment. |
16,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Octave Deep Compression: In-Parallel Pruning-Quantization on Different Frequencies, and key words: Deep learning, Performance evaluation, Visualization, Image coding, Neural networks, Data science, Mobile handsets. Abstract: Though deep neural networks achieve great accuracy in visual recognition tasks, they contain millions of weights and thus require a large space to be stored. This presents a challenge in developing deeper neural networks as well as installing those models on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose Octave Deep Compression (ODC), a deep compression algorithm targeted toward the Octave Convolutional Networks (OCNs). ODC compresses OCNs with in-parallel pruning-quantization on different frequencies. We performed extensive experiments on Cifar10 and ImageNet, and our compression results on popular deep learning models such as VGG, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2 demonstrate that ODC can simultaneously achieve a smaller model size and a higher classification accuracy when compared to the state-of-the-art network compression methods. |
16,722 | Please write an abstract with title: Noise-based Selection of Robust Inherited Model for Accurate Continual Learning, and key words: Conferences, Computer vision, Pattern recognition. Abstract: There is a growing demand for an intelligent system to continually learn knowledge from a data stream. Continual learning requires both the preservation of previous knowledge (i.e., avoiding catastrophic forgetting) and the acquisition of new knowledge. Different from previous works that focus only on model adaptation (e.g., regularization, network expansion, memory rehearsal, etc.), we propose a novel training scheme named acquisitive learning (AL), which emphasizes both the knowledge inheritance and knowledge acquisition. AL starts from an elaborately selected model with pre-trained knowledge (the inherited model) and then adapts it to new data using segmented training. The selection is achieved by injecting random noise to various inherited models for better model robustness, which promises higher accuracy in further knowledge acquisition. The approach is validated by the visualization of the loss landscape and quantitative roughness measurement. The combination of the selective inherited model and knowledge acquisition reduces catastrophic forgetting by 10X on the CIFAR-100 dataset. |
16,723 | Please write an abstract with title: A near-field spatial feed evaluation using a notch radiator source and array, and key words: Design optimization, Electromagnetic modeling, Electromagnetic coupling, Testing, Antenna measurements, Length measurement, Electromagnetic measurements, Aperture antennas, Antenna feeds, Antenna arrays. Abstract: The design and optimization of a specific near-field spatial feed using a flared notch radiator as the source element and an array of the same notches as the collector array is presented. This paper summarizes the full 3D electromagnetic modeling of this specific near-field spatial feed, the optimization of this specific feed's coupling region and finally the experimental testing of the feed. The modeled versus measured data presented show that spatial feed design data can be accurately obtained through modeling and/or experimentation and that compact near-field spatial feed designs for antenna arrays can be achieved with focal length to aperture diameter ratios (F/D) smaller than 0.5. |
16,724 | Please write an abstract with title: Modal transmission-line modeling of propagation of plane radiowaves through multilayer periodic building structures, and key words: Transmission lines, Nonhomogeneous media, Buildings, Periodic structures, Microcell networks, Computer vision, Radiowave propagation, Macrocell networks, Electromagnetic modeling, Electromagnetic propagation. Abstract: The modal transmission-line (MTL) method is used to analyze the shielding effectiveness of buildings, which is an important parameter for the accurate planning of microcellular communication networks. For that, the buildings are modeled as multilayer lossy periodic structures. After a description of the extended MTL-theory, the newly developed MTL model is applied to brick walls, reinforced-concrete walls and concrete block walls. From a comparison of the MTL-results with previously published theoretical or experimental results it is concluded that the MTL method is very well suited, because it is accurate as well as computational time-efficient. |
16,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and multiple trellis decoding for concatenated constant envelope non-orthogonal space-time block codes, and key words: Concatenated codes, Block codes, Transmitting antennas, Iterative decoding, Signal to noise ratio, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Delay, Fading, Receiving antennas, Quadrature phase shift keying. Abstract: The concatenation of FEC-code with full-rate, constant envelope, non-orthogonal space-time block codes (STBC) is analyzed. A suitable design criterion, average rank criterion is derived for such concatenated codes, wherein eigenvalue distribution rather than the minimum rank of STBC is taken into account. Based on this criterion, an efficient approach to searching proper code matrices is proposed. In addition, a multiple trellis decoding method is applied to the concatenated non-orthogonal STBCs with very low decoding delay. The simulation results of several concatenated codes applying different 3 /spl times/ 3 STBCs with constant envelope confirm the new design criterion. As the average rank of STBC increases, the BER performance of such a concatenated code improves correspondingly. Moreover, the proper concatenated 3 /spl times/ 3 constant envelope STBC proposed outperforms the concatenated code with existing 3 /spl times/ 3 full-rank but changeable envelope STBC designed with respect to the minimum rank criterion. |
16,726 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous switching noise analysis using application specific device modeling, and key words: Analytical models, Circuit noise, Equations, Circuit simulation, Parasitic capacitance, Bonding, MOSFET circuits, Noise generators, Switching circuits, Inductance. Abstract: In this paper, we introduce an application-specific device modeling methodology to develop simple device model that accurately tracks the actual device I-V characteristics in relevant but bounded operating regions. We have specifically used a simple MOSFET model to precisely analyze the switching noises generated on a chip due to simultaneous driving of chip output pads by bulky buffer gates. Previous works in analytical modeling of simultaneous switching noises employed long-channel and /spl alpha/-power law transistor models; however, these models led to complex circuit equations that on truncation caused poor matching between manual analysis and actual simulation results. Also, in order to retain the simplicity of manual analysis, previous researchers ignored the parasitic capacitances of the bonding pads. This paper demonstrates that by using a simple application-specific transistor model, circuit equations can be solved precisely without requiring any gross approximations or model truncations, even when the inductance effects of bonding wires are simultaneously considered along with parasitic capacitances of the output pads. The analytical results derived in this paper tally with HSPICE simulation values within 3% deviations. |
16,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a New Human-like Talking Robot for Human Vocal Mimicry, and key words: Humanoid robots, Human voice, Hidden Markov models, Robotics and automation, Lips, Analytical models, Speech synthesis, Lungs, Tongue, Telegraphy. Abstract: This paper describes development of a new human-like talking robot WT-4 (Waseda Talker No. 4). WT-4 was developed to overcome the problems related to the lack of variation in the formant frequency of the sounds generated by the previous talking robot WT-3. These problems arose particularly on the first formant (F1) where frequencies of less than 500 [Hz] could not be reached. And the differences among WT-3’s vowels were not clear; which may have been caused by the sound source of the vocal cords and the lips. Therefore, the connection between the vocal cords and the vocal tract was improved, as well as the lips mechanism. As the result of these improvements, WT-4’s sounds were quite similar to a human’s, and WT-4 was able to reproduce suitable sounds using auditory feedback. |
16,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Pipe inspection using a laser-based transducer and automated analysis techniques, and key words: Inspection, Transducers, Cameras, TV, Automatic control, Control systems, Video recording, Humans, Data mining, Image analysis. Abstract: This paper presents a new sensing methodology for the automated inspection of pipes. Standard inspection systems, as they are for example used in waste pipes and drains, are based on closed-circuit television cameras which are mounted on remotely controlled platforms and connected to remote video recording facilities. Two of the main disadvantages of such camera-based inspection systems are: 1) the poor quality of the acquired images due to difficult lighting conditions and 2) the susceptibility to error during the offline video assessment conducted by human operators. The objective of this research is to overcome these disadvantages and to create an intelligent sensing approach for improved and automated pipe-condition assessment. This approach makes use of a low-cost lighting profiler and a camera which acquires images of the light projections on the pipe wall. A novel method for extracting and analyzing intensity variations in the acquired images is introduced. The image data analysis is based on differential processing leading to highly-noise tolerant algorithms, particularly well suited for the detection of small faults in harsh environments. With the subsequent application of artificial neural networks, the system is capable of recognizing defective areas with a high success rate. Experiments in a range of waste pipes with different diameters and material properties have been conducted and test results are presented. |
16,729 | Please write an abstract with title: The study about detection of traffic congestion attacks using MIB traffic variables, and key words: Computer crime, Communication system security, Internet, Testing, Protection, Information security, Computer viruses, Floods, Telecommunication traffic, Electrical equipment industry. Abstract: In this paper, We propose a method for utilizing the MIB traffic variables for the detection of Traffic congestion attacks, for example Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) Attacks or Worm viruses . The approach is described for discovering the early detection to Traffic Congestion attacks using the MIB variables recorded form test bed. Using MIB datasets collected from experiments involving DDoS attacks, it is shown the algorisms for early detecting traffic floods at the target machines. |
16,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Two Variable-Weather-Parameter Models and Linear Equivalent Models Expressed by Them for Photovoltaic Cell, and key words: Mathematical model, Biological system modeling, Integrated circuit modeling, Analytical models, Maximum power point trackers, Temperature, Resistance. Abstract: For the conventional four-parameter model of photovoltaic (PV) cell, to simplify the number of its mathematical equations, in this paper, a variable-weather-parameter cell model (VWP model) is proposed. Furthermore, to decrease the number of its model parameters, a simplified variable-weather-parameter cell model (SVWP model) is also proposed. Based on them, the model parameters of linear equivalent models can be replaced by the conventional four-parameter model parameters, which finds the direct relationships between linear equivalent cell model and four-parameter cell model. Finally, some simulation experiments are done by comparing the proposed VWP and SVWP models with conventional four-parameter model of PV cell. The results show that, on the one hand, their output characteristics almost correspond with each other. On the other hand, these proposed cell models are very accurate under varying irradiance or temperature conditions. Meanwhile, some simulation experiments also verify that the linear equivalent models expressed by the VWP model and SVWP model are feasible, available and reasonable. By this work, both the conventional four-parameter model and linear equivalent models are greatly evolved and improved. On the one hand, the conventional four-parameter model can be greatly simplified, which makes its modeling and application easier. On the other hand, the bridge between it and linear equivalent models can be built successfully, which makes these linear models more standard and practical. |
16,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Wavelength-division-multiplexing optical switch using acoustooptic deflector, and key words: Optical switches, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical wavelength conversion, Communication switching, Optical crosstalk, High speed optical techniques, Acoustic beams, Hardware, WDM networks, Time division multiplexing. Abstract: A new wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical switch using an acoustooptic deflector (AOD) is presented. This switch requires minimal hardware and is highly applicable in high-speed signal switching. Theoretical calculations based on the Gaussian beam approximation show that up to a 20 × 20 switch is possible using present technology. As a preliminary study, a 3 × 3 WDM switch is constructed. Crosstalk of this switch is found to be less than -20 dB, and a 500 Mbit/s return to zero (RZ) signal is successfully switched with a 4-μs switch access time. A large capacity switching network using this WDM optical switch is proposed. |
16,732 | Please write an abstract with title: A Band-Notched Dual-Polarized Crossed Dipole Antenna for Base Station, and key words: Microwave antennas, Base stations, Dipole antennas, Coplanar waveguides, Microwave filters, Gain, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: A band-notched dual-polarized crossed dipole antenna for the 2G/3G/4G base station applications is proposed in the paper. Firstly, the crossed dipole antenna is designed to cover the frequency of 1.7-2.7 GHz, using the coplanar waveguide feeding structure. Then, a band-notch (2.2-2.5 GHz) is realized by introducing coplanar waveguide filters inside the dipole antenna. As a result, the proposed antenna works within 1.7-2.2 GHz and 2.5-2.7 GHz for VSWR <; 1.5. The average gain comparison of the proposed antenna is 8.4 dBi for the lower band and 8.7 dBi for the higher band. The minimum gain in the notched band is -12.4 dBi, which is 21 dB less than the gain in the working frequency. |
16,733 | Please write an abstract with title: Marrying knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) with technology intelligence (TI) - avenue to paradise or blind alley?, and key words: Databases, Technology planning, Humans, Strategic planning, Innovation management, Intelligent systems, Text mining, Information technology, Data mining, Technological innovation. Abstract: As a consequence of the increasing complexity and dynamics of the environment in which companies operate, technology intelligence systems (TISs) - aiming primarily at the early discovery of new technologies with strategic relevance - have recently begun to gain importance. Two generic approaches an information technology-driven and a human resource-driven approach - have been suggested for the construction of such systems. The recent developments in knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), with respect to text mining, offer the possibility to integrate the various approaches available under a common architecture. Based on discussions of KDD and TI, the KDD-bused technology intelligence system KDD/TIS is presented and evaluated. It integrates information technology and human resource-driven approaches and encompasses techniques for mining quantitative, structured, as well as qualitative semi-and unstructured data. It addresses all relevant environmental dimensions and is designed as an open system. Based on the evaluation of KDD/TIS, future research requirements are identified. |
16,734 | Please write an abstract with title: GAMIN: Generative Adversarial Multiple Imputation Network for Highly Missing Data, and key words: Generators, Gallium nitride, Generative adversarial networks, Stochastic processes, Measurement, Unsupervised learning, Prediction methods. Abstract: We propose a novel imputation method for highly missing data. Though most existing imputation methods focus on moderate missing rate, imputation for high missing rate over 80% is still important but challenging. As we expect that multiple imputation is indispensable for high missing rate, we propose a generative adversarial multiple imputation network (GAMIN) based on generative adversarial network (GAN) for multiple imputation. Compared with similar imputation methods adopting GAN, our method has three novel contributions: 1)We propose a novel imputation architecture which generates candidates of imputation. 2)We present a confidence prediction method to perform reliable multiple imputation. 3)We realize them with GAMIN and train it using novel loss functions based on the confidence. We synthesized highly missing datasets using MNIST and CelebA to perform various experiments. The results show that our method outperforms baseline methods at high missing rate from 80% to 95%. |
16,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Control of Wind Energy Conversion System Based PMSG and Three Level NPC Converter, and key words: WECS, PMSG, 3L-NPC, MPT, Backstepping, VCT. Abstract: This paper proposes control strategies of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) which incorporates Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Three Level Neutral Point Clamped converter (3L-NPC). So, Backstepping technique and Vector Control Technique (VCT) are used. The proposed controllers are employed to achieve the Maximum Power Tracking (MPT), to maintain constant the dc-link voltage, and to track required values of the active and reactive power with a unity power factor. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated through simulations using Matlab/Simulink. |
16,736 | Please write an abstract with title: ADC-DL: Communication-efficient distributed learning with hierarchical clustering and adaptive dataset condensation, and key words: Adaptation models, Data models, Servers, Distributed databases, Distance learning, Computer aided instruction, Training. Abstract: The rapid growth of modern mobile devices leads to a large number of distributed data, which is extremely valuable for learning models. Unfortunately, model training by collecting all these original data to a centralized cloud server is not applicable due to data privacy and communication costs concerns, hindering artificial intelligence from empowering mobile devices. Moreover, these data are not identically and independently distributed (Non-IID) caused by their different context, which will deteriorate the performance of the model. To address these issues, we propose a novel Distributed Learning algorithm based on hierarchical clustering and Adaptive Dataset Condensation, named ADC-DL, which learns a shared model by collecting the synthetic samples generated on each device. To tackle the heterogeneity of data distribution, we propose an entropy topsis comprehensive tiering model for hierarchical clustering, which distinguishes clients in terms of their data characteristics. Subsequently, synthetic dummy samples are generated based on the hierarchical structure utilizing adaptive dataset condensation. The procedure of dataset condensation can be adjusted adaptively according to the tier of the client. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the performance of our ADC-DL is more outstanding in prediction accuracy and communication costs compared with existing algorithms. |
16,737 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Method for Extracting the Coupling Coefficient of Filtering Antennas within Complex Boundaries, and key words: Couplings, Integrated circuit modeling, Patch antennas, Impedance, Bandwidth, Resonant frequency. Abstract: In this paper, an improved method is proposed to extract the coupling coefficient between the resonator and patch for compact filtering antenna design. The proposed technique is based on the intrinsic properties of a general second-order band-pass filter network, which is the equivalence of a resonator-fed patch antenna. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the S-parameters of such a two-port network is just a function of the coupling coefficient between resonator and patch if the external quality factors are given. To verify the validity of the proposed method, two types of resonator-fed patch antennas are designed under different coupling strength in this paper. The first antenna is fed by a half-wavelength resonator beneath patch, and the coupling strength is controlled by altering the shape and effective coupling length of resonator. The second one is fed by a rectangular ring resonator covered by patch, and the coupling strength is flexibly manipulated by changing the width-to-length ratio of resonator. The coupling coefficients are figured out when the simulated results fit the calculated ones from circuit model. The proposed method makes it possible to extract coupling coefficient between loss and lossless resonators within complex boundaries, which will felicitate the design of advanced filtering antennas with much more geometrical freedom. |
16,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing the interference patterns of Bluetooth sensors in high-speed data acquisition systems, and key words: Pattern analysis, Interference, Bluetooth, Sensor systems, Data acquisition, Wireless sensor networks, Frequency, Remote monitoring, Process control, ZigBee. Abstract: Wireless sensors are being used in a wide range of applications for monitoring, data acquisition and remote control of the processes. While some of these sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces conforming to popular standards like Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, ZigBee, HiperLan etc., some of them are with less-known standards or without any governing standard but conforming to FCC regulations of power and bandwidth usage for their operation in ISM bands. This leads to a situation where transmissions from different-sensors operating in ISM bands could cause Interference to each other. Of these the well-known type of interference is between BlueTooth and Wi-Fi devices, and some techniques like adaptive frequency hopping (AFH), packet fragmentation, dynamic scheduling etc., were proposed to deal with this problem. But for the frequency-hopping devices like BlueTooth, inter-piconet interference also plays a prominent role. The interference phenomenon for BlueTooth sensors used for high-speed data acquisition applications is considered here to find the system performance in the presence of various types of interferences like WiFi, inter-piconet interference and other types of interferences. |
16,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Task scheduling using performance-driven, and key words: Grid computing, Processor scheduling, Distributed computing, High performance computing, Aggregates, Decision making, Runtime, Time measurement, Scheduling algorithm, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: Computational grids aim to aggregate the power of heterogeneous, geographically distributed, multiple-domain spanning computational resources to provide high performance or high-throughput computing. To achieve the promising potentials of computational grids, an effective and efficient scheduling system is fundamentally important. Grid is also a dynamic resource-sharing computing environment in which there are many applications running. At time of scheduling decision making, accurate resource predication on run-time resource measurement parameters is critical to maximize application performance. In this paper, a method for estimating task running time and two scheduling algorithms are presented to facilitate effectively dynamic scheduling in a heterogeneous grid environment and improve application performance. |
16,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Service Function Chain Placement for Cost-Effectiveness and Network Congestion Control, and key words: Routing, Prediction algorithms, Bandwidth, Approximation algorithms, Servers, Optimization, Hardware. Abstract: The emerging network function virtualization is migrating traditional middleboxes, e.g., firewalls, load balancers, proxies, from dedicated hardware to virtual network functions (VNFs) running on commercial servers defined as network points of presence (N-PoPs). VNFs further chain up for more complex network services called service function chains (SFCs). SFCs introduce new flexibility and scalability which greatly reduce expenses and rolling out time of network services. However, chasing the lowest cost may lead to congestion on popular N-PoPs and links, thus resulting in performance degradation or violation of service-level agreements. To address this problem, we propose a novel scheme that reduces the operating cost and controls network congestion at the same time. It does so by placing VNFs and routing flows among them jointly. Given the problem is NP-hard, we design an approximation algorithm named candidate path selection (CPS) with a theoretical performance guarantee. We then consider cases when SFC demands fluctuate frequently. We propose an online candidate path selection (OCPS) algorithm to handle such cases considering the VNF migration cost. OCPS is designed to preserve good performance under various migration costs and prediction errors. Extensive simulation results highlight that CPS and OCPS algorithms perform better than baselines and comparably to the optimal solution. |
16,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Boundary-output-based asynchronous stabilization for stochastic Markovian reaction-diffusion systems, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Uncertainty, Stability, Control design, Stochastic processes, Hidden Markov models, Switches. Abstract: Stabilization is addressed for a class of stochastic Markovian reaction-diffusion systems (SMRDSs) via boundary-output-based asynchronous control strategy. Compared with the most existing results on the asynchronous control, a more general hidden Markov model is proposed to describe the asynchronous behavior. Both the transition rate matrix (TRM) and observation probability matrix (OPM) in the HMM are partly unknown and the incomplete TRM also contains uncertainty. Then an asynchronous boundary controller is designed only using boundary point information. Sufficient conditions are established for SMRDSs to ensure the mean square exponential stability with strictly (W, P, R)-α dissipative performance. A numerical example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed boundary-output-based asynchronous control strategy. |
16,742 | Please write an abstract with title: NoSQL Database Performance Diagnosis through System Call-level Introspection, and key words: Degradation, Network topology, NoSQL databases, Scalability, Filtering algorithms, Feature extraction, Software. Abstract: Since its emergence, NoSQL databases have firmly established themselves as an indispensable software component of modern cloud-native applications. However, it also becomes increasingly challenging to perform critical management tasks such as troubleshooting unexpected performance problems. This is due to the ever-increasing diversity and specialization of NoSQL databases that make it difficult to observe the internal activities. To address these challenges, we have designed and built a technique for introspecting NoSQL databases. Our technique traces system call sequences of key operations under controlled workloads and filters scaling patterns from constant components. Novel algorithms are developed to uncover repeating patterns of system calls from massive amounts of traces and filter out background noise with high efficiency. The evaluation shows that our technique can greatly enhance the visibility into the NoSQL databases enabling us to diagnose performance problems or gain insights into internal activities. |
16,743 | Please write an abstract with title: A posteriori probability detection of pulse position modulated signals under imperfect channel estimation, and key words: Pulse modulation, Channel estimation, Transmitters, Symmetric matrices, Information rates, Correlators, Estimation error, Gaussian channels, Filter bank, Signal generators. Abstract: In this paper, we consider two sets of pulse position modulated (M-PPM) signals related by M estimation error signals. The first signal set is transmitted on a Gaussian channel and is unknown to the receiver. The second signal set is used in the receiver filter bank in order to generate likelihoods for coherent a posteriori probability (APP) detection. The error model is defined by a Toplitz matrix and a normalization coefficient. We compute the information rate under such channel estimation errors and we show how the APP detection mismatch can be corrected via the expectation-maximization algorithm. |
16,744 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic-oriented error correction for spoken query processing, and key words: Error correction, Query processing, Speech recognition, Information retrieval, Automatic speech recognition, Application software, Navigation, Error analysis, Computer science, Computer interfaces. Abstract: Voice input is often required in many new application environments such as telephone-based information retrieval, car navigation systems, and user-friendly interfaces, but the low success rate of speech recognition makes it difficult to extend its application to new fields. Popular approaches to increase the accuracy of the recognition rate have been researched by post-processing of the recognition results, but previous approaches were mainly lexical-oriented ones in post error correction. We suggest a new semantic-oriented approach to correct both semantic and lexical errors, which is also more accurate for especially domain-specific speech error correction. Through extensive experiments using a speech-driven in-vehicle telematics information application, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach and some advantages over previous lexical-oriented approaches. |
16,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Mode Excitation in Gyrotrons With Triode-Type Electron Guns, and key words: Voltage, Gyrotrons, Timing, Electron guns, Oscillators, Anodes, Orbits. Abstract: Gyrotrons operating in high-order modes often suffer from severe mode competition. For the selective excitation of the desired mode, triode-type electron guns are often used. In the case of triode-type guns, where the beam voltage and the mod-anode voltage can be varied independently, the mode excitation during the startup process is studied in this article by using a generalized approach. The term “generalized approach” means that the obtained results can be valid for gyrotrons operating at arbitrary voltages and in any mode. The conditions for excitation of the modes are analyzed for different types of startup scenarios. The goal of the study is to find such relations between the beam and mod-anode voltages during the gyrotron startup that only the desired mode will be excited. It is shown that by using a specific triode-type startup scenario with a proper timing for the rise of the mod-anode voltage with respect to the beam voltage, the initial excitation of the desired mode can be realized in the cases of practically any mode density. The mode interaction in such a case is studied; also, the dependences of the results on the timing relation between the two voltages and on the voltage rise speed are considered. This article also contains the numerical analysis of a specific megawatt (MW) gyrotron with a triode-type gun. |
16,746 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study of Materials Impacts on Graphene Electrostatic Discharge Switches, and key words: Performance evaluation, Micromechanical devices, Integrated circuits, Transmission lines, Microswitches, Graphene, Electrostatic discharges. Abstract: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is required for ICs. Traditional in-Si PN junction ESD protection structures introduce significant ESD-induced design overheads including parasitic capacitance, leakage, noises and device sizes, which become unacceptable to advanced ICs. A novel graphene-based micro electrical mechanical system (MEMS) was reported as an alternative ESD protection solution. This paper reports a study of influences of graphene materials quality on the graphene ESD switch devices. Transmission-line pulse (TLP) testing shows that single-crystalline graphene film can improve the ESD switch performance dramatically over the polycrystalline counterpart. |
16,747 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel wide band 180-degree phase shift transition on multilayer substrates, and key words: Wideband, Nonhomogeneous media, Microstrip, Stripline, Inverters, Integrated circuit interconnections, Coplanar waveguides, Dielectrics, Conductors, Bandwidth. Abstract: This paper describes a low loss, compact and wide band microstrip to stripline transition with 180 degree phase shift on multilayer substrates. The simulated and measured characteristics of this transition are demonstrated here to validate the proposed concept. A phase deviation of less than 10-degrees has been achieved over a broad bandwidth of 1-25 GHz. Based on this transition, an improved compact rat race hybrid is designed and fabricated. The measured and simulated results show that the achievable bandwidth is more than twice that of conventional rat race coupler. |
16,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Limiting response times in a granular niobium weak link, and key words: Delay, Niobium, Critical current, SQUIDs, Frequency dependence, Electromagnetic scattering, Frequency measurement, Hysteresis, Frequency modulation, Temperature. Abstract: We have measured rf SQUID characteristics of a granular niobium weak link as a function of frequency from 20 MHz to 9 GHz. A degredation in the SQUID performance and a critical current enhancement is correlated with the a non-equilibrium site decay time as inferred from the frequency dependence of the critical current hysteresis. At low frequencies, the electromagnetic response time extracted from the frequency dependent SQUID modulation is found to be of the same order of magnitude as the quasiparticle inelastic scattering time. The electromagnetic response time is found to decrease at temperatures and frequencies where the critical currents are enhanced. The large (an order of magnitude) critical current enhancement seems to be associated with the granular nature of the weak link. |
16,749 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Coarse-to-Fine Sea-Land Segmentation Technique Based on Superpixel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Modified Chan-Vese Model, and key words: Image segmentation, Active contours, Nonhomogeneous media, Manuals, Computational modeling, Sea measurements, Optical sensors. Abstract: The sea-land segmentation for optical remote sensing images (RSIs) has a valuable role in water resources and coastal zones management. However, it is challenging because optical RSIs mainly suffer from low contrast, intensity inhomogeneity with mixed pixels, and large image size with redundant information. This paper introduces a novel coarse-to-fine sea-land segmentation method that incorporates Superpixel Fuzzy C-Means (SPFCM) and a Modified Chan-Vese active contour model (MCV). First, the image is over-segmented into superpixels to reduce the information redundancy and utilize spectral and spatial information. The SPFCM employs local relationships among neighboring superpixels to cluster the superpixels based on their color and texture features, deal with mixed pixels, and produce coarse segmentation results. The CV depends on the initial contour. If the contour is incorrectly initialized, the CV may trap in local minima and needs many iterations. The purpose of the SPFCM result is to provide an automatic initial contour for an MCV model instead of manual initialization to improve the CV model's performance. Finally, color and texture features are combined in vector-valued images to solve the traditional CV's problems to deal with complicated nature images with intensity inhomogeneity or rich texture features to produce fine segmentation results. The proposed method is evaluated and achieved an average accuracy of 98.9%, an average Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (JSC) equals 97.1%, an average Disc Similarity Coefficient (DSC) equals 98.5%, and an average recall equals 99.3%. The proposed method results are promising, and it outperformed the results of other state-of-the-art sea-land segmentation methods. |
16,750 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiences of an ONR YIA awardee, and key words: Power system dynamics, Power system modeling, Power engineering and energy, Power systems, Power electronics, Power system harmonics, Marine vehicles, Power system stability, Power system control, Power generation. Abstract: Summary form only given. The purpose of this contribution is to describe personal experiences of a researcher whose work has been supported by ONR and to point out numerous similarities between emerging terrestrial power systems and power systems on Navy ships. This presentation argue that there exits a natural synergy between utility and ship power systems, and that the ongoing coordination between research organizations that support fundamental research in the civilian sector (NSF) and in the Navy (ONR) has a potential to significantly improve long-term prospects of power system engineering. As examples, we describe some recent developments in the electric power network efficiency and security (EPNES) projects that well illustrate the point, and provide a prototype for future synergistic endeavors between the two agencies. |
16,751 | Please write an abstract with title: Neonatal Risk Modeling and Prediction, and key words: electronic fetal monitoring, childbirth, cerebral palsy, machine learning. Abstract: Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is designed for the early detection of fetal risks and the prevention of serious neurological impairment but suffers from high false positive rates. The Fetal Reserve Index (FRI) is an expert-based system that combines EFM with maternal, obstetrical, and fetal risk factors and displays superior performance in risk detection than EFM alone. Towards translating the FRI into an automated risk prediction system that can make recommendations to clinicians in real-time, we here develop machine learning classifiers that calculate feature importance based on historical data from labor cases and predict the risk of developing neurological impairment. We train random forest and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models to classify abnormal and normal delivery cases and to assess the model performance using a dataset of 1462 labor cases. The random forest classifier achieves a macro average f-1 score of 0.82 with an abnormal case recall of 0.59. Alternatively, MLP classifiers provide higher abnormal case recall at a cost of lower accuracy and macro average f-1 score. Future work will aim to optimize weightings and trade-offs of statistical performance to achieve further improvements for clinical practice. |
16,752 | Please write an abstract with title: Normalized adaptive matched filter - a low rank approach, and key words: Adaptive filters, Matched filters, Clutter, Covariance matrix, Testing, White noise, Noise level, Additive white noise, Background noise, Radar applications. Abstract: This work presents the performance of the normalized matched filter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR), and detection performance are presented. |
16,753 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Objective Optimal Scheduling of Commercial Park Microgrid Considering Flexible Resources on the Demand Side, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Supply and demand, Biological system modeling, Systems operation, Optimal scheduling, Microgrids. Abstract: The fluctuation a and uncertainty caused by large-scale renewable energy, electric vehicles (EV) and inverter air conditionings (IAC) connected to the commercial park microgrid (CPMG) bring new challenges to the flexible operation of the system. The paper presents a CPMG optimal scheduling method considering flexible resources on the demand side. Based on demand response models of EV and IAC, the flexible supply provided by CPMG flexible resources on the demand side is quantified. Combined with the inherent flexible resources and flexible demand of the source side, the index of flexibility shortage severity is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the imbalance severity between flexible supply and flexible demand of the system. On the basis, the CPMG multi-objective optimal scheduling model is established, which takes into account the operation economy and flexibility and solved by CPLEX optimization software. Simulation results show that the proposed model can coordinate various flexible resources on both sides of source and load, and effectively improve the operational flexibility of CPMG. |
16,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Hazard Analysis of Verification Supporting Arguments for Assured Autonomy, and key words: Hazards, Software, Regulators, Certification, Buildings, Regulation, Industries. Abstract: The kinds of systems we are building, and the ways we are building them, are evolving. This evolution is invalidating analyses and assumptions upon which we have relied as bases for design assurance, imposing a need for new criteria and means of compliance for many autonomy-enabling technologies. While significant investigation activity into assurance bases for these technologies is underway across research, development, and standards bodies, the community will need to make sense of results coming out. We require evaluation frameworks and decision support to establish trust in, and guide selection of, new verification concepts and methods. In this work, we propose a lens for the evaluation of verification methods in development to ground new criteria, standards, and means of compliance for assuring and approving adaptive and intelligent systems. We root the evaluation framework in examining verification as a system in its own right, with a job to do and ways it can fail to do it. We then outline a structured argument in which it can be concluded a verification method is fit for purpose if it meets its requirements and the hazards of its use are adequately mitigated. To identify these hazards, we illustrate how industry-standard hazard analysis can be performed on verification itself, and how the results of such an analysis can be integrated into structured arguments supporting stakeholder communication and decision making. Finally, we note environments where we are beginning to use this approach, including to provide feedback within standards development activity. |
16,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System With Inductorless Receiver Side, and key words: Capacitors, Receivers, Couplings, Inductors, Topology, Resistance, Impedance. Abstract: In a capacitive wireless power transfer system, due to the pF-level coupling capacitance, resonant inductors are commonly used at the primary side to boost voltage and at secondary side to boost the current. However, the inductors are bulky, in particular when it comes to integration, thereby not preferred by some space-sensitive applications like smartphones, smart glasses and headphones. This paper proposes a capacitive wireless power transfer architecture with no inductors at the receiver side. A high conversion ratio step down switched capacitor converter (SCC-CPT), rather than inductors, is used to compensate for the impedance mismatch between the secondary side of the capacitive coupler and the load. The analysis method and its associated design procedure of the SCC-CPT system is developed with the target of clarifying the tradeoffs among the secondary side efficiency, coupler voltage stress, receiver side integrability, and the primary side compensation network gain. Finally, a 7.5 W, 12 MHz SCC-CPT prototype was constructed to validate the proposed analysis and design. The measured system efficiency is 75.6 % at 7.5 W output, and the secondary side switched capacitor converter efficiency is 96.4 %. |
16,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Integral equation based time domain coupled EM-circuit simulation for packaged conductors and dielectrics, and key words: Integral equations, Packaging, Conductors, Dielectrics, Circuit simulation, Conducting materials, Scattering, Computational modeling, Coupling circuits, Integrated circuit interconnections. Abstract: A full-wave time domain integral equation formulation for the simulation of finite conductors and dielectrics, linked to linear and non-linear lumped elements, is presented. The method permits coupled rigorous simulation including accounting for EMI and non-linearities in the presence of material effects. In addition, a new quadrature scheme is incorporated for exactly computing temporal delays between every section of finite basis functions defined over triangular patches. This enables finer time step resolution for non-uniform meshes than is permissible with standard Gaussian quadrature and singularity extraction. |
16,757 | Please write an abstract with title: Fabrication and optical measurements of nanoscale meta-materials: terahertz and beyond, and key words: Optical device fabrication, Submillimeter wave measurements, Optical ring resonators, Optical refraction, Magnetic resonance, Optical polarization, Biomedical optical imaging, Laboratories, Frequency, Optical materials. Abstract: This paper reports on efforts to create fully left-handed meta-materials at multi-THz frequencies, detailed optical characterizations of various structures fabricated, and understanding to date of what the materials limitations are for making these structures smaller and smaller. Presently, authors are using CXRO's nano-writer to create sub-micron structures with 60 nm smallest features. Present results on these and other nano-fabricated structures with resonance frequencies in the 100 THz and higher range. |
16,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase-Locked Loop Independent Second-Order Generalized Integrator for Single-Phase Grid Synchronization, and key words: Phase locked loops, Frequency estimation, Synchronization, Frequency synchronization, Band-pass filters, Power harmonic filters, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: Second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) requires fast and accurate grid voltage frequency information for quadrature signal generation (QSG) in single-phase systems. Conventionally, synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (PLL) (SRFPLL) is used in a cascade manner and provides frequency feedback to SOGI. PLL is a non-linear closed-loop control system that requires adequate gain parameter design trade-off to provide accurate grid synchronization. Additionally, it creates interdependent loops while estimating the grid frequency and phase-angle. This results in unwanted frequency disturbances during grid transients, such as voltage sag and phase-angle jumps (PAJs) which are fed back to the SOGI as well. Thus, this article proposes two PLL independent frequency-feeding approaches for SOGI: Type-A and -B. The frequency is estimated using the normalized single-phase grid voltage signal in both types. In Type-A, the normalization is done using cascaded recursive discrete-Fourier transform (RDFT) and inverse RDFT (IRDFT). On the other hand, in Type-B, SOGI outputs are used for normalization. The grid voltage amplitude is estimated using the absolute value of the in-phase and in-quadrature components of the proposed frequency-adaptive SOGI. Furthermore, the third-order polynomial approximation of the arctangent function is implemented for phase-angle estimation in both types. The performance of both the types during transients and steady-state grid voltage disturbances (dc offset and harmonics) are compared with SOGIPLL using both simulations and experiments. |
16,759 | Please write an abstract with title: A single-point approach based on nonactive power factor for the assessment of harmonic distortion sources in power systems, and key words: Reactive power, Power measurement, Capacitors, Power system harmonics, IEEE Standards, Harmonic analysis, Pollution measurement. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the use of power factor indicators for the assessment of harmonic distortion sources in power systems. In detail the analysis is focused on the comparison between the proposed nonactive power factor (Q1/N) and the indicators of the IEEE Std. 1459-2010, and on the indicators feasibility in identifying the presence of harmonic distortion sources. As discussed in the paper, the proposed indicator can be evaluated with good accuracy, by means of typical power quantities measurements at the point of common coupling (PCC). Thus its measurement can be feasibly implemented in commercial platforms used for smart metering applications. To verify the proposal validity, some simulations were carried out on a benchmark test system recently proposed in literature, where the impact of capacitor banks for reactive power compensation is taken into account. |
16,760 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme in Fog Computing Environment for Healthcare Systems, and key words: Access control, Data privacy, Data analysis, Medical services, Encryption, Computational efficiency, Monitoring. Abstract: In today's smart healthcare system, medical records of patients are exposed to a large number of users for various purposes, from monitoring the patients' health to data analysis. Preserving the privacy of a patient has become an important and challenging issue. outsourced Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) provides a solution for the data sharing and privacy preservation problem in the healthcare system in fog environment. However, the high computational cost in case of frequent attribute updates renders it infeasible for providing access control in healthcare systems. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to overcome the frequent attribute update problem of outsourced CP-ABE. In our proposed approach, we generate two keys for each user (a static key and a dynamic key) based on the constant and changing attributes of the users. Therefore, in case of an attribute change for a user, only the dynamic key is updated. Also, the key update is done at the fog nodes without compromising the security of the system. Thus, both the communication and the computational overhead associated with the key update in the outsourced CP-ABE scheme are reduced, making it an ideal solution for data access control in healthcare systems. The efficacy of our proposed approach is shown through theoretical analysis and experimentation. |
16,761 | Please write an abstract with title: AI-GAN: Attack-Inspired Generation of Adversarial Examples, and key words: Training, Image quality, Deep learning, Perturbation methods, Image processing, Conferences, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are crafted by adding imperceptible perturbations to inputs. Recently different attacks and strategies have been proposed, but how to generate adversarial examples perceptually realistic and more efficiently remains unsolved. This paper proposes a novel framework called Attack-Inspired GAN (AI-GAN), where a generator, a discriminator, and an attacker are trained jointly. Once trained, it can generate adversarial perturbations efficiently given input images and target classes. Through extensive experiments on several popular datasets e.g., MNIST and CFAR-10, AI-GAN achieves high attack success rates and reduces generation time significantly in various settings. Moreover, for the first time, AI-GAN successfully scales to complicated datasets e.g., CFAR-100 with around 90% success rates among all classes. |
16,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Optimal Integration of EVs and DGs Into CIGRE’s MV Benchmark Model, and key words: Distribution networks, Voltage control, Optimization, Genetic algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, Benchmark testing, Power system stability, Power distribution, Loss measurement. Abstract: In today’s transportation sector, the growing number of electric vehicles (EVs) is progressively replacing petroleum-fueled vehicles, which are also expected to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. The main problem with EVs is the requirement of charging energy, which is fed through distribution network, while simultaneously feeding already connected load. The EV’s integration with the distribution network will overload the network due to EV’s charging load, which will eventually trip the power system protection. In this context, it is necessary to minimize power losses, improve voltage profile with sustainable power supply network. Therefore, optimal placement of EVs is required in the distribution network. Conventionally, researchers have used DGs to minimize power losses and improve voltage profile. In this paper, authors analyzed the effect of EV’s integration with simultaneous placement of distributed generations (DGs). The integration of EVs with higher penetration of DGs is cumbersome due to higher power losses and voltage variances that are outside allowable boundaries. The optimal placement of EVs into the distribution system with higher penetration of DGs is proposed in this paper using a battle royale optimization (BRO) algorithm. Since it is a new problem on CIGRE network which is not discussed before. Hence, the authors compared results with three most famous algorithms namely genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and accelerated PSO (APSO). The optimization problem is developed as a multi-objective function while decreasing active and reactive power losses, and minimising maximum voltage deviation index. The studied distribution network is the CIGRE 14-bus medium voltage (MV) distribution network. Three case studies are taken in which EVs are integrated in two scenarios with optimally sized and located DGs systems in the CIGRE distribution network using MATLAB. Case-1 includes simple network with DGs integration. Case-2 includes EVs only in the simple network, and case-3 finally includes EVs and DGs for optimal placement with minimum losses. The placement of the EVs results in a decrease in power losses and voltage deviation indices. The bus voltages of case-2, on the other hand, stay unchanged when the EVs are integrated. Case 3 with BRO showed the large reduction in power losses owing to the addition of EVs to the distribution network with DGs (from 19.98 kW, and 19.89 kVar to 2.54 kW, and 3.35 kVar). |
16,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory control for a Quad-copter using Sliding Mode Control based on Backstepping Approach, and key words: Backstepping, Uncertainty, Aerodynamics, Numerical simulation, Mathematical models, Robustness, Trajectory. Abstract: In this paper, a robust backstepping approach based sliding mode control is designed for tracking desired trajectories by a quad-copter. A quad-copter is a highly non-linear system. The proposed control strategy first utilizes the backstepping approach for the synthesis of Lyapunov functions. Secondly, a sliding mode controller is developed to ensure Lyapunov stability and tracking of desired trajectories. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated through numerical simulation results. |
16,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Analytical Magnetic Field and Flux Regulation Characteristics of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Memory Machine, and key words: Magnetic flux, Magnetic hysteresis, Air gaps, Hysteresis motors, Analytical models, Magnetic circuits, Stator windings. Abstract: Due to the high power density, short axial size, and wide permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage regulation range, an axial-flux PM memory machine (AFPMMM) with hybrid Halbach array is investigated in this article. To solve the problem of magnetic density variation of Halbach array composed of different types of PMs in asymmetric bilateral air-gap structure, the analytical method for calculating the air-gap flux density of AFPMMM is presented through mathematical analysis, which uses cylindrical coordinate system instead of Cartesian coordinate system and is solved by equivalent method, separated variable method, and boundary conditions. The magnetic field generated by the Halbach array is divided into three directions: radial, circumferential, and axial. The analytical model is compared with the finite element method (FEM) simulation results to verify its effectiveness. In addition, an approximate piecewise linear hysteresis model with parallelogram return line is established based on the analytical expression of magnetic field. By applying different pulse currents to change the residual flux density of PM, the flux regulation characteristics of the motor are studied, and it is found that the air-gap flux density of the motor can be smoothly adjusted by continuously changing the pulse current, which plays a positive role in solving the problem of online magnetic regulation of the motor. |
16,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of transient absorption change of NO/sub 2/ at 3.46 /spl mu/m using difference frequency generation, and key words: Frequency measurement, Absorption, Spectroscopy, Nitrogen, Temperature, Physics, Electronic mail, Light sources, Chemical lasers, Fiber lasers. Abstract: Rapid NO/sub 2 /detection by midinfrared coherent light source based on difference frequency generation that used a fiber laser as pumping source was demonstrated. High resolution spectroscopic measurements of NO/sub 2/ are reported. |
16,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-Domain Simulation of n Coupled Transmission Lines, and key words: Time domain analysis, Transmission lines, Coupling circuits, Voltage, Symmetric matrices, Transmission line matrix methods, SPICE, Distributed parameter circuits, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation. Abstract: In this paper, a general SPICE model for n coupled transmission lines is presented. The model consists of two identical transformation networks and n single-transmission-line models. The transformation networks are realized with linear time-invariant voltage-controlled voltage sources (VCVS's) and current-controlled current sources (CCCS's) only. A simplified model designed to simulate connections on multilayer printed circuit boards is also presented. In this case, the coupling model is adequately described by a capacitance matrix C and an inductance matrix L that are Toeplitz, symmetric, and tridiagonal. The particular structure of C and L makes the computation of the parameters of the transformation network extremely easy and efficient because only simple function evaluations (cosines) are required. Furthermore, the transformation network depends only on the number of coupled lines and not on the parameters of those lines. Therefore, a library of such models needs to be determined only once, and only the characteristic impedances and time delays for the single lines have to be recomputed. The simulation results have been compared against expermental results, and the difference between the two is less than 1 percent. |
16,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Design methods for feedback controllers of nonlinear systems based on EB and virtual optimization approaches, and key words: Design methodology, Adaptive control, Nonlinear systems, Design optimization. Abstract: The two types of design methods for nonlinear control systems have been proposed. One is based on the analytical approach, where a nonlinear controller is constructed through the energy balancing (EB) passivity-based control, and the other is based on the numerical approach, where a nonlinear controller is numerically approximated through a virtual optimal control algorithm, Moreover, those two methods are demonstrated to be efficient in the nonlinear situation through the design problem of a jet engine compressor model. |
16,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of an EIT-based flexible tactile sensor with center electrodes, and key words: Electrodes, Electrical impedance tomography, Sensitivity, Simulation, Wires, Tactile sensors, Skin. Abstract: For large area robot skin design, the distribution of rigid components and wires in traditional array sensors leads to the decrease of the flexibility and extensibility. The flexible sensors based on non-invasive electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can avoid these shortcomings. However, the number, position and driving pattern of the central electrode will have a great impact on the performance of the sensor. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used as filler materials to prepare flexible materials. Different numbers of central electrodes are introduced into the traditional 16-electrode flexible sensor. The corresponding driving pattern is designed and the position error is taken as the evaluation index to carry out comparative experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that the 18-electrode flexible sensor with two central electrodes has the best detection performance, and the detection position error can be reduced by 57.6% at the optimal position of the central electrodes at 0.24 from the center of the circle. The optimal design of the central electrode can effectively improve the performance of the flexible sensor, which has a certain guiding significance for the design of large area robot skin. |
16,769 | Please write an abstract with title: A DDoS Attack Detection on Cloud Framework Using Improved Features Based Machine Learning Approach, and key words: Training, Cloud computing, Sensitivity, Recurrent neural networks, Denial-of-service attack, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: A Denial of Service (DDoS) attack consumes the network bandwidth and computing resources of a targeted system, preventing the target system from being DDoS attacked by unauthorized users. This research work proposed a modified feature selection-based neural network for efficient DDoS attack detection. The proposed method is divided into three stages: feature selection, training, and testing. For the implementation of the proposed work using MATLAB 2020 software, MATLAB is a well-known academic as well as an industrial research software package for this work. In R2020 MATLAB, the proposed method is designed and simulated. There are different types of DDoS attacks present on the cloud internet. This research work uses the Canadian Institute of Cyber Security (CICIDS2017) data set to perform the proposed methodology. This data set was selected for classification because it consists of 80 parameters. Other than the benign traffic, as per the tools used, the flow records are labeled as 'Slowloris', 'Slowhttptest', 'Hulk', and 'Begian'. The proposed method shows good results in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, and confusion matrix (C.M.). The presented method shows an accuracy of 99% and the other parameters are discussed in the simulation and result section. |
16,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-sensor data fusion using Bayesian programming : an automotive application, and key words: Bayesian methods, Automotive applications, Laser radar, Sensor fusion, Sensor systems, Laser fusion, Robustness, Control systems, Vehicles, Image sensors. Abstract: A prerequisite to the design of future advanced driver assistance systems for cars is a sensing system that provides all the information required for high-level driving assistance tasks. Carsense is a European project whose purpose is to develop such a new sensing system. It combines different sensors (laser, radar and video) and relies on the fusion of the information coming from these sensors in order to achieve better accuracy, robustness and an increase of the information content. This paper demonstrates the interest of using probabilistic reasoning techniques to address this challenging multi-sensor data fusion problem. The approach used is called Bayesian programming. It is a general approach based on an implementation of the Bayesian theory. It was introduced initially to design robot control programs but its scope of application including uncertain or incomplete knowledge handling problems. |
16,771 | Please write an abstract with title: On Data Management Optimization Strategies in Software as Service Systems, and key words: Indexes, Memory, Layout, Software as a service, Throughput. Abstract: Two data management optimization strategies in Software as Service (SaaS) Systems are presented in this paper, adding index fields to the table structure of the Universal Table Layout schema-mapping technique for maintaining the logical table indexes, and dividing data into different data storage infrastructure when a tenant's access is unaffordable. A method based on the foreign key of the logical table is proposed to partition data into different data storage infrastructures, which can partition joining operation tables into one data storage infrastructure as much as possible. Experimental results show that the table structure with logical index fields and the above data partition method effectively improve the performance of data management in SaaS systems. |
16,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Contactless electrical energy transmission system using separable transformer, and key words: Contacts, Coils, Cables, Inductance, Power system modeling, Mutual coupling, Power generation, Wiring, Magnetic flux, Transformer cores. Abstract: Contactless electrical energy transmission becomes more and more attractive for different applications. In this system, the design of the separable transformer is very important. The paper uses the mutual inductance model to analyze the coupling ability of the primary coil and the secondary coil. The investigations are carried out by means of ANSYS simulation and measurements. Through analysis, four factors affecting the output power of the system are presented. So this paper proposes a new method of high coupling coefficient to circle the coil. And simulations on the transformer model based on the new method have been performed. The results indicate the output power of the system is increased by 5% and achieved 87.2% |
16,773 | Please write an abstract with title: Clutter Mitigation Based on Adaptive Singular Value Decomposition in Tomographic Radar Images for Material Inspection, and key words: Microwave measurement, Composite materials, Shape, Shape measurement, Radar clutter, Tomography, Radar imaging. Abstract: ─ To determine the quality and mechanical stability of composite materials, a defect detection whilst in the processing chain as well as active monitoring during use is inevitable. This can be achieved via the application of millimeter-wave radars, with the tomographic information extractable from the reflected signal. Due to clutter effects present in the reflected signal, the extracted tomographic image quality diminishes. Therefore, a method to reduce the impact of these clutter sources in the post-processing of the measurement while retaining the information of possible structure defects is presented. The method is based on singular value decomposition with the singular values determined through the comparison of the measured reflected signal with an ideal signal reference. With this method, the singular values do not have to be defined by hand, which represents a major advantage when considering automatic data evaluation possibilities. |
16,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Intracellular Strain Measurement of Oocyte Based on Inclusion Appearance Using Neural Network, and key words: Training, Three-dimensional displays, Neural networks, Redundancy, Process control, Transforms, Parallel processing. Abstract: Somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) involves many important procedures, of which enucleation is a critical one. During the extraction step of enucleation, oocytes undergo large deformation. Because of the similarity of appearance throughout the oocytes and the 3D spatial property of oocytes, traditional deformation measurement methods can hardly be used in full-field strain measurement during this process, especially for realtime control. Neural networks have the properties of large-scale parallel processing, high redundancy, and nonlinear operations. They can achieve high computing speed while maintaining high accuracy and strong fault tolerance. But lack of labeled data in different situations is the main problem. In this paper, a2D dataset for training Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) network was constructed. The dataset simulates the characteristics of oocytes. By fine-tuning a pre-trained model on the dataset, the resulting network outperforms the pre-trained model and traditional optical flow methods. At the same time, with GPU acceleration, it can deal with 640*480 resolution images at a speed of 4fps, which is comparable to traditional methods. |
16,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Evaluation of Conductive and Dielectric Thermoplastic Materials Suitable for Designing Fully-3D-Printable RF Devices, and key words: Microwave antennas, Microwave measurement, Antenna measurements, Radio frequency, Patch antennas, Dielectric loss measurement, Conductivity. Abstract: New possibilities in antenna and microwave manufacturing are opening up through the exploitation of additive manufacturing (AM) 3D printing techniques. Despite being used primarily for the fabrication of dielectric structures, with the right filament, these procedures could also be able to print conductive parts, giving birth to true fully-3D-printed radiating elements. However, to take full advantage of these thermoplastic materials, a rigorous electromagnetic characterization needs to be performed. Based on this, the dielectric properties of one of the most common plastic 3D-printable materials are investigated, and, in addition, the electric conductivity of one of the most promising conductive filaments (Electrifi) is experimentally evaluated in a wide frequency range (0.5-7.5 GHz) and then validated in the design of different fully-3D-printable patch antennas. |
16,776 | Please write an abstract with title: How Environmental Conditions Influence the Sar Detectability of a Heavy Fuel Leakage from a Ship Wreck, and key words: Viscosity, Temperature sensors, Sea surface, Oils, Radar polarimetry, Sensors, Fuels. Abstract: We use 14 years of spaceborne SAR imagery from Sentinel-1A/B, ALOS-1/2 PALSAR-1/2, and Envisat ASAR to show that heavy fuel was leaking out of a ship wreck off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The oil spills were detected only in the summer months, when the sea bottom temperature exceeded 10 °C, indicating that the viscosity of the heavy fuel is too high at lower temperatures. Moreover, periods of high winds, hence of high sea state, were preceding each oil spill detecting, which indicates that mechanical action on the wreck's hull was needed to initiate further leakage. |
16,777 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Aggregation in IP-Based WDM vs. IP-Based Elastic Optical Networks, and key words: Zirconium, Conferences. Abstract: In the last two decades, the Internet Protocol (IP) traffic has been increasing rapidly. To overcome this challenge of IP traffic growth, the IP-based Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) hybrid network architecture was proposed. This architecture makes the interaction between both layers IP and wavelength routed optical rigid WDM possible. However, the deployment of this architecture is not only expensive, but also highly power-consuming, while performing the required traffic aggregation functionality. Elastic Optical Networks (EON) technology has emerged, which is highly flexible and utilises spectral resources effectively by allocating a flexible number of spectrum slices to match better with the demanded connection bitrate. Therefore, EON is now considered a potential candidate for future optical transport networks. In this paper, we report on a performance comparison of IP/EON networks performance vs. IP/WDM networks. Our evaluation shows clearly that, although both multilayer network models behave nearly identically if enough hardware resources are available, IP/EON performs much better when fewer electrical optical conversion interfaces are available. |
16,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Staff Training Ontology for Humanitarian Organizations, and key words: Training, Semantic Web, Vocabulary, Pediatrics, Standards organizations, Organizations, Standardization. Abstract: Due to the high number of conflicts and wars worldwide, unfortunately large numbers of people are internally displaced or become refugee outside their countries. Humanitarian organizations try to support these affected individuals (children, adults and elderly) by providing basic needs such as food, shelter, education and health services. In order to effectively support internally displaced individuals (IDP) and refugees, humanitarian organizations require highly skilled and trained staff. Since, employees' level of skills and knowledge affect the quality of the humanitarian work, many humanitarian organizations have staff capacity building services. Specific websites or systems are used for online training of the staff. As it is difficult for international humanitarian organizations to provide the same quality of training for large number of staff in different countries, there is a need for standardization of staff online training activities within humanitarian organizations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new staff training ontology for humanitarian organizations that can provide machine-processable metadata about staff online training and capacity building activities. In addition, we created a new vocabulary for training subjects of humanitarian organization. Using the proposed ontology, knowledge level and skills of the staff can be monitored and suitable staff member for a particular humanitarian activity can be queried using SPARQL queries. In addition, we apply extensive Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules to infer knowledge about training activities of individuals and trainers. |
16,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Narrowing of the generation line of a DFB laser to subhertz width in hybrid configuration, and key words: Optical resonators, Distributed feedback devices, Laser feedback, Optics, Fiber gratings, Hybrid power systems, Fiber lasers. Abstract: We present the results of characterization of the linewidth of distributed feedback fiber laser based on 30-mm pi-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating with additional random distributed feedback provided by 25-km SMF-28 fiber spool spliced to the distributed feedback fiber laser. It is shown that for a hybrid resonator, the linewidth becomes more than two orders of magnitude narrower than the linewidth of distributed feedback fiber laser. |
16,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Localization with Architectural Floor Plans and Depth Camera, and key words: Robot kinematics, Three-dimensional displays, Robot sensing systems, Buildings, Two dimensional displays, Cloud computing. Abstract: Autonomous navigation is of great importance for service robots. Such robots need various technologies, especially localization, and mapping. In this paper, we focus on the localization problem. Commonly, to solve the localization problem, the creation of a map is needed. However, creating the map takes considerable time and costs. Therefore, one solution for indoor environment is to use architectural floor plans since buildings have own floor plans. If a robot can use them for localization, it enables users to cut the time and costs for creating the map from scratch. However, the floor plans sometimes do not match with a real building. Besides, sensor measurement sometimes contains objects such as a pedestrian, which are not contained in the floor plans. In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm with architectural floor plans that is robust to such inconsistencies. The algorithm estimates a robot coordinate by matching the floor plan with the point clouds obtained from depth images. Outliers derived from the inconsistencies in the point clouds are filtered with plane information from the depth images with the Generalized ICP framework. We tested our algorithm with floor plans in a real building and in a simulator as a case study. The results show that our algorithm can localize a robot with average more than twice accuracy compared to AMCL and be used for real-time applications. |
16,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Multimodal Semantic Mismatch Detection in Social Media Posts, and key words: Learning systems, Social networking (online), Semantics, Streaming media, Signal processing, Media, Feature extraction. Abstract: Short videos have become the most popular form of social media in recent years. In this work, we focus on the threat scenario where video, audio, and their text description are semantically mismatched to mislead the audience. We develop self-supervised methods to detect semantic mismatch across multiple modalities, namely video, audio and text. We use state-of-the-art language, video and audio models to extract dense features from each modality, and explore transformer architecture together with contrastive learning methods on a dataset of one million Twitter posts from 2021 to 2022. Our best-performing method benefits from the robustness of Noise-Contrastive loss and the context provided by fusing modalities together using a cross-transformer. It outperforms state-of-the-art by over 9% in accuracy. We further characterize the performance of our system on topic-specific datasets containing COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine related tweets, and shows that it outperforms state-of-the-art by over 17% in accuracy. |
16,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparing color and textural information in very high resolution satellite image classification, and key words: Image resolution, Image classification, Testing, Artificial satellites, Image segmentation, Remote sensing, Information processing, MONOS devices, Propulsion, Color. Abstract: With the advent of very high resolution satellite images, such as IKONOS, the question of how we can incorporate textural information in classifying and segmenting different regions has become of great interest, in this paper we compare the power of classifying regions based on using color information alone to using texture and color texture information. We use a 2D and 3D extension of the co-occurrence matrix and the features derived from them. In the latter case the effect of color space reduction is also evaluated. We found that although color features perform best in the easy classification tasks, very high classification rates are obtained using color texture features and the fragmentation degree in the classified areas is smaller. |
16,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Current-scaling of radiated power for 40-mm diameter single wire arrays on Z, and key words: Wire, X-ray imaging, Lakes, Zirconium, Tungsten, Voltage, Stability. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. In order to estimate the radiated power that can be expected from the next-generation z-pinch driver such as ZR at 28 MA, current-scaling experiments have been conducted on the 18-MA driver Z. We report on the current scaling of single 40-mm diameter tungsten 240-wire arrays with a fixed 110-ns implosion time. The wire diameter is decreased in proportion to the load current. The load current is reduced by reducing the charge voltage on the Marx banks. On one shot firing only 3 of the 4 levels of the Z machine further reduced the load current. The radiated energy scales as the current squared as expected but the radiated power scales as the current to the 3.5 power due to increased pinch instability at lower current. As the current is reduced the rise-time of the x-ray pulse increases and at the lowest current value of 10.4 MA a shoulder appears on the leading edge of the x-ray pulse. We will report on experiments in February 2002 which will attempt to image the pinch along the axis to determine the nature of the reduced stability at lower currents. |
16,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Preserving the big picture: visual network traffic analysis with TNV, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Intrusion detection, Data security, Data visualization, Information analysis, Performance analysis, Computer interfaces, Computer networks, Data analysis, Computer displays. Abstract: When performing packet-level analysis in intrusion detection, analysts often lose sight of the big picture while examining these low-level details. In order to prevent this loss of context and augment the available tools for intrusion detection analysis tasks, we developed an information visualization tool, the time-based network traffic visualizer (TNV). TNV is grounded in an understanding of the work practices of intrusion detection analysts, particularly foregrounding the overarching importance of context and time in the process of intrusion detection analysis. The main visual component of TNV is a matrix showing network activity of hosts over time, with connections between hosts superimposed on the matrix, complemented by multiple, linked views showing port activity and the details of the raw packets. Providing low-level textual data in the context of a high-level, aggregated graphical display enables analysts to examine packet-level details within the larger context of activity. This combination has the potential to facilitate the intrusion detection analysis tasks and help novice analysts learn what constitutes normal on a particular network. |
16,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Radio Access Technology Selection in an SDN based LTE-WiFi Network, and key words: Long Term Evolution, Wireless fidelity, Radio access technologies, Heuristic algorithms, Throughput, Computer architecture. Abstract: Today's wireless networks consist of a multitude of Radio Access Technologies (RATs), each being controlled individually, leading to suboptimal utilization of network resources. However, the unprecedented growth of data traffic is creating the need for an efficient inter-working of various RATs to circumvent the problem of suboptimal utilization of resources. Application of Software Defined Networking (SDN) principles enables the control and management of various RATs in a unified way. In this paper, we specifically focus on the inter-working between Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi). We propose an SDN based architecture for a network comprising LTE Base Stations (BSs) and WiFi Access Points (APs). Users can be offloaded from one RAT to another based on different criteria, viz., user priority and channel state of users. We consider the problem of optimal RAT selection to maximize the total system throughput subject to constraints on the blocking probability of high priority users and the offloading probability of high priority users and formulate it as a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). We propose a low-complexity RAT selection algorithm which does not require the knowledge of the statistics of system dynamics. To conduct experiments, we develop a Network Simulator-3 (ns-3) based evaluation platform in accordance with the SDN principles. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a near-optimal performance. |
16,786 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Ground Dynamics Simulation Platform for Satellite Control Test, and key words: Satellite control, Ground dynamics, Closed-loop simulation. Abstract: In this paper, the design of the test case, the demand for the traction, the existing ground dynamics in the star dynamics, astronomical kinematics, gyro sensors, solar sensors, infrared globe sensors and star sensors to simplify the model, developed based on VxWorks satellite ground dynamics simulation software, the application of the simulation software and the AOCC simulator on the formation of closed-loop simulation system, and gives the ground dynamic model simulation results, the results show that the software design is reasonable, real-time, the results are correct, And the model can be configured, easy to expand, and the development of test technology play a positive role in promoting. |
16,787 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hybrid Deep Learning Method for Network Attack Prediction, and key words: Deep learning, Correlation, Time series analysis, Neural networks, Bidirectional control, Predictive models, Network security. Abstract: Precise real-time prediction of the number of future network attacks cannot only prompt cloud infrastructures to fast respond to them and protect network security, but also prevents economic and business losses. In recent years, neural networks, e.g., Bi-direction Long and Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), have been proven to be suitable for predicting time series data. Attention mechanisms are also widely used for the time series prediction. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid deep learning prediction method by combining the capabilities of a Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter, TCN, Multi-head self attention, and BiLSTM for the prediction of network attacks. This work first adopts a SG filter to eliminate noise in the raw data. It applies TCN to extract short-term features from the sequences. It then adopts multi-head self attention to capture intrinsic connections among features. Finally, this work adopts Bi-LSTM to extract bi-directional and long-term correlations in the sequences. Experimental results with a real-life dataset show that the proposed method outperforms several typical algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy. |
16,788 | Please write an abstract with title: DeepWatermark: Embedding Watermark into DNN Model, and key words: Watermarking, Training, Quantization (signal), Discrete cosine transforms, Data models, Computational modeling, Robustness. Abstract: For the protection of trained deep neural network (DNN) model, it has been studied to embed a watermark into the weights of DNN. However, the amount of changes in the weights is large in the conventional methods. In addition, it is reported that the presence of hidden watermark can be detected from the analysis of weight variance, and that the watermark can be modified by effectively adding noise to the weight. In this paper, we focus on the fully-connected layers and apply a quantization-based watermarking method to the weights sampled from the layers. The advantage of the proposed method is that the changes caused by embedding watermark is much smaller and measurable. This is effective against the problems of previous works. The validity of the proposed method is quantitatively evaluated by changing the conditions during the training of DNN model. The results include the impact of training for DNN model, effective embedding method, and high robustness. |
16,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of a Multi-Parameter E-learning System using Web 3.0 Technologies, and key words: Semantic Web, COVID-19, Learning management systems, Electronic learning, Technology acceptance model, Pandemics, Atmospheric measurements. Abstract: Research into personalized e-learning applications has become very relevant recently, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning is quickly becoming a necessary part of learning in the educational sector. This paper presents an evaluation of a previously proposed adaptive E-learning platform that supports multi-personalization parameters and standardization across multiple learning management systems using semantic web technologies. Twentyone teachers participated and expressed their level of satisfaction towards the proposed system in the evaluation process. Questions from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire were used to measure the usefulness of the application, ease of use, intention to use, and attitude towards using. The results show a good level of acceptance and agreeableness with the approach of this application in personalizing materials to learners in the e-learning environment. |
16,790 | Please write an abstract with title: The Method of Boundary States with Perturbations in the Problems of Body Elastostatics Under the Action of Follower Load, and key words: Costs, Shape, Perturbation methods, Elasticity, Control systems, Mathematical models, Energy efficiency. Abstract: The aim of this work is to substantiate the applicability of a fairly new energy method of boundary states (MBS) and its generalization, MBS with perturbations (MBSP), for solving complex boundary value problems for geometrically nonlinear elastostatics in the presence of an external load that tracks the shape change of a body. Briefly characterized by MBS as an effective means of solving linear problems. A procedure for using the MBSP to construct an approximate solution of a geometrically nonlinear problem of the theory of elasticity by the Linstedt-Poincare perturbation method is described. The features in the construction of the solution arising in the presence of a tracking load are characterized. Calculations of the stress-strain state of an extended half-pipe are carried out under a load that does not depend on the Lagrangian coordinates of the body, and the influence of the tracking load on the stress-strain state of a half-tube is estimated. |
16,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Tactile semiotics: the meanings of touch explored with low-tech prototypes, and key words: Prototypes, Haptic interfaces, Cultural differences, Global communication, Fungi, Human computer interaction, Psychology, Context, Art, Temperature sensors. Abstract: In this paper the author describes the term tactile semiotics - the meanings we ascribe to different types of haptic sensations. When designing devices for haptic communication or haptic input devices for HCI, it makes sense firstly to look to psychophysics as an informant. However, to gain insight into tactility as both experience and meaning, it may also be beneficial to look at the cultural and social context of touch. Also, the author explains how it is possible to explore this field with the help of low-tech prototypes and methodologies more common in art and design. |
16,792 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Response of Ballistic Metamaterials, and key words: Electromagnetics, Metamaterials, Electromagnetic scattering, Dielectrics, Permittivity, Charge carriers. Abstract: The electromagnetic response of ballistic metamaterials, metal-dielectric composites with the unit cell size smaller than electron mean free path, is defined by the surface scattering of the free electrons at the metal-dielectric interface. |
16,793 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Scalability and Privacy in Social Networks, and key words: Special issues and sections, Social networking (online), Data privacy, Crowdsensing, Big Data, Approximation algorithms, Privacy, Scalability. Abstract: The papers in this special section focus on scalability and privacy in online social network services. (OSNs) The growing popularity of OSNs and their emerging applications attracted much attention from both academia and industry during recent years. Due to their nature, social networks are considered as sources of Big Data containing large amounts of privacy-sensitive information. A social network is frequently abstracted using mathematical tools, especially graph models, which are usually very large. As a result, it is of great importance to continuously improve the performance. These papers aim to collect recent progresses on these two important subjects, which are frequently co-related, and promotes the discussions about them. We appreciate contributions to this special section and the valuable and extensive efforts of the reviewers. The topics of this special section cover efficient rumor blocking on social networking, privacy issue on mobile crowdsensing, a new inference attack against social network, a scalable data publication scheme with user privacy protection, and a new random matrix-based approach to publish online social network graph with privacy protection. |
16,794 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Analysis of Radio Frequency Interference Impacts from Geosynchronous SAR on Low Earth Orbit SAR, and key words: Image quality, Analytical models, Scattering, Low earth orbit satellites, Imaging, Interference, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar (GEO SAR) has advantages of a short revisit time and large coverage for the scene of interest, so lots of theories and analysis toward the GEO SAR have been developed. However, GEO SAR systems may generate radio frequency interference (RFI) to a low earth orbit SAR (LEO SAR), causing a decrease in Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of SAR images. In order to evaluate the GEO-to-LEO RFI effect on imaging, we deduce the formulas of the RFI power and image SINR, and verify them by comparing them with numerically evaluated results from simulated images. Based on the formulas, we evaluate SINRs of LEO SAR images for different bistatic scattering coefficients. The results show that when the target forms a specular bistatic scattering geometric relationship with a GEO SAR and a LEO SAR, LEO SAR image quality is poor, with a SINR worse than 5 dB, but the RFI effects can be neglected in other cases. |
16,795 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1600-MIPS parallel processor IC for job-shop scheduling, and key words: Processor scheduling, Job shop scheduling, CMOS technology, Manufacturing, Job production systems, Lagrangian functions, Neural networks, Hardware, Testing, Digital signal processors. Abstract: A job shop is a typical environment for manufacturing low-volume and high-variety discrete parts, where parts are of various due dates, priorities, and sequences of production operations. Good scheduling of when to do what using which resource is critical and challenging for the competitiveness of job shops. The Lagrangian relaxation neural network (LRNN) presented by Luh et al. provides an effective solution to this problem. To further speed up the scheduling of large problems, the parallelism of the LRNN approach is exploited in this paper for hardware implementation. A parallel processor based on the single-instruction multiple-data-stream architecture and its associated instruction set are designed. The architecture is implemented in a single-poly quadruple-metal 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Test results shows that the fabricated chip achieves 10 and 30 times speed-up when compared with several commercial digital signal processor chips and a 600-MHz PC, respectively. |
16,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Communicating eco-efficiency in industrial contexts: a framework for understanding the (lack) of success and applicability of eco-design, and key words: Communication industry, Context, Environmental economics, Product development, Companies, Environmental management, Resource management, Quality management. Abstract: The connection between environmental and economic aspects is essential for proper eco-design applicability in industrial contexts and examples are shown in this paper. The aim of this review is to show that in practice this combination is done, in various ways, depending on the context. The review tries to cover the overall product value chain. The paper concludes that relevant actors at the eco-design development process use specific tools in order to link environmental performance with economic aspects. Each tool used is intended to satisfy each group of actors' interests and that at each stage of the product development there is a certain way of communicating results. |
16,797 | Please write an abstract with title: The Largest Estimated Domain of Attraction and Its Applications for Transient Stability Analysis of PLL Synchronization in Weak-Grid-Connected VSCs, and key words: Phase locked loops, Power system stability, Transient analysis, Numerical stability, Stability criteria, Analytical models, Numerical models. Abstract: This paper mainly focuses on transient stability issue of phase-locked-loop synchronization (PLL-Syn) in a weak-grid connected VSC (WG-VSC) system. First, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization method has been applied to construct the largest estimated domain of attraction (LEDA) of the WG-VSC system for the first time. Compared with the frequently-used methods such as direct energy function method, Takagi-Sugeno (TS) method and Sum-of-Square Programming (SOS) method, the proposed method has the lowest conservation in constructing LEDA. Second, to ensure transient stability of PLL-Syn in severe faults, the concept of the feasible region of active/reactive current reference is proposed. Furthermore, based on the LEDA obtained by LMI optimization method, a simple algorithm to obtain this feasible region is presented. And, the influence of typical parameters on this feasible region is analyzed. Third, for transient instability scenarios, a simple variable step size iterative algorithm has been proposed to search the estimated critical action time with the derived LEDA. Moreover, two associated emergency control methods including adjusting the current reference values back to the feasible region and clearing grid fault have been considered to verify the estimated critical action time. Time-domain simulation results based on detailed switching model in PSCAD/EMTDC have been provided to verify the above theoretical analysis. |
16,798 | Please write an abstract with title: A dispersion management scheme for reducing SOA-induced crosstalk in WDM links, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Optical amplifiers, Power amplifiers, Optical fiber communication, Bit error rate, Stimulated emission, Optical crosstalk, Optical saturation, Signal analysis. Abstract: The penalty imposed on the multichannel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) link employing cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) caused by the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in the SOAs is analyzed and shown to depend on the dispersion management scheme utilized in the link. Based on the results of the analysis, a novel dispersion management scheme is proposed to prevent the repetition of the bit patterns at each SOA stage. Numerical calculations show that with the proposed dispersion management scheme, the crosstalk is mitigated and the performance is significantly improved. |
16,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Domestic Activity Clustering from Audio via Depthwise Separable Convolutional Autoencoder Network, and key words: Convolutional codes, Costs, Convolution, Roads, Memory management, Estimation, Medical services. Abstract: Automatic estimation of domestic activities from audio can be used to solve many problems, such as reducing the labor cost for nursing the elderly people. This study focuses on solving the problem of domestic activity clustering from audio. The target of domestic activity clustering is to cluster audio clips which belong to the same category of domestic activity into one cluster in an unsupervised way. In this paper, we propose a method of domestic activity clustering using a depthwise separable convolutional autoencoder network. In the proposed method, initial embeddings are learned by the depthwise separable convolutional autoencoder, and a clustering-oriented loss is designed to jointly optimize embedding refinement and cluster assignment. Different methods are evaluated on a public dataset (a derivative of the SINS dataset) used in the challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) in 2018. Our method obtains the normalized mutual information (NMI) score of 54.46%, and the clustering accuracy (CA) score of 63.64%, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of NMI and CA. In addition, both computational complexity and memory requirement of our method is lower than that of previous deep-model-based methods. Codes: https://github.com/vinceasvp/domestic-activity-clustering-from-audio |
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