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16,800 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparison of The Tsukamoto Fuzzy Method and The Dempster Shafer Method For Diagnosing Leptospirosis, and key words: Microorganisms, Rodents, Soil, Water pollution, Engines, Diseases, Meteorology. Abstract: Leptospirosis is an endemic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. This disease can spread rapidly in tropical climates. Humans can be infected by this disease through contact with rodent urine that has been infected by leptospira bacteria, or through contact with water, soil or food that has been contaminated with leptospira bacteria. Unclean environmental conditions can accelerate the spread of this disease. The symptoms caused by leptospirosis also have similarities with the symptoms of other diseases such as diarrhea, coughing and fever. This can make this disease difficult to diagnose. Researchers tried to make a comparison between tsukamoto fuzzy methods with dempster shafers method to find out the diagnostic accuracy of both methods. The basis of researchers to compare these two methods is because they have good stages in diagnosing a disease. the results of this study are to find out which method is best between the tsukamoto fuzzy method and the dempster shafer method in diagnosing leptospirosis. |
16,801 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient rectification method for trinocular stereovision, and key words: Cameras, Transmission line matrix methods, Optical distortion, Stereo vision, Nonlinear optics, Matrix decomposition, Computer science, Robot vision systems, Robot kinematics, Orbital robotics. Abstract: This work presents an efficient and intuitive algorithm of the epipolar line rectification to trinocular stereo pairs with triangular configuration of the cameras. Given the perspective projection matrices of each camera, the transformation matrices are computed by determining the new camera coordinate system in affine space and imposing some constraints on the remaining degrees of freedom. The proposed method is able to make matching points lie on the identical row or column on the three images in affine coordinates. |
16,802 | Please write an abstract with title: A generalized BCJR algorithm and its use in turbo synchronization, and key words: Phase estimation, Timing, Maximum likelihood decoding, Probability, Parity check codes, Iterative decoding, Intersymbol interference, Digital modulation, Pulse modulation, Equations. Abstract: A generalization of the BCJR algorithm is derived to compute joint posterior probabilities of arbitrary sets of symbols given received data. A special case of the new algorithm that computes pairwise joint probabilities is used to evaluate the second order statistics needed for EM estimation of carrier phase and symbol timing offsets in a digitally modulated waveform. This EM estimator is integrated into a turbo synchronization loop in which soft information is exchanged between the generalized BCJR algorithm (the synchronizer) and an LDPC decoder. |
16,803 | Please write an abstract with title: TRW sea divers kelp restoration project, and key words: Concrete, Assembly, Modular construction, Foot, Gears, Cranes, Permission, Fungi, Protection. Abstract: The TRW SEA Divers Club has been involved for more than two years in an ambitious project to restore the giant kelp to Pt. Vicente Cove on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. A kelp habitat is being constructed which will provide protection to transplanted kelp plants. The kelp plants, with this protection, would then comprise a "fertility center'' for spore production. These spores would settle on the surrounding rocks and proliferate the kelp thus accomplishing our objective. The project can be divided into three phases. The first phase is the habitat construction and kelp emplacement. The second phase is concurrent with the first and third phases and consists of marine fauna behavior studies, primarily on sea urchins. The third phase will consist of activities designed to ensure the survival of the sporophytes developing on the surrounding rocks. The project status and future plans will be described emphasizing the accomplishments of volunteer divers on an essentially unfunded program. |
16,804 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-cost associative memory, and key words: Associative memory, Logic arrays, Voltage, Large scale integration, Computer architecture, Concurrent computing, Distributed computing, Parallel processing, Costs, Random access memory. Abstract: The design and application of a high density associative memory chip will be discussed. The chip has 512 bits and the cell design utilizes the new MOS varactor bootstrapping technique. |
16,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Client Scheduling for Fast Federated Learning, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Processor scheduling, Scheduling, Computational modeling, Data models, Machine learning algorithms. Abstract: Federated learning (FL) enables clients to collaboratively learn a shared task while keeping data privacy, which can be adopted at the edge of wireless networks to improve edge intelligence. In this letter, we aim to minimize the training latency of a wireless FL system for a given training loss by client scheduling. Instead of assuming that the prior information about wireless channel state and local computing power of the clients is available, we consider a more practical scenario without knowing the prior information. We first reformulate the client scheduling problem as a multi-armed bandit program and then propose an online scheduling scheme based on ϵ-greedy algorithm to achieve a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. In addition, the proposed client scheduling scheme reduces the number of training rounds and the time interval per round simultaneously by jointly considering the significance of local updates and delay issue of each client. Simulation results show that in the case of non-independent and identically distributed data, the proposed scheme can save half the training time compared to the scheme which only considers the significance of local updates, and can improve more than 20% test accuracy compared to the scheme which only considers the time consumption per round of each client. |
16,806 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Management in Software Defined Coalitions (SDC) through Slicing, and key words: Military communication, Conferences, Process control, Computer architecture, Dynamic scheduling, Software, Robustness. Abstract: Future defence infrastructure systems will require increased flexibility and agility to respond to changing application goals, external threats and complex environments. A key enabler for such agility is Software Defined Coalitions (SDC), where the network comprise multiple domains of resources owned by different defence units (partners) but dynamically joined together to form an infrastructure for communications and computation. Software Defined (SD) Slicing aims to enable agile and near-real-time provision and configuration of “slices” of the infrastructure resources for supporting future communications and computing applications. An SD slice, makes use of the allocated resources distributed across several domains to support a set of applications including distributed analytic services. We present a 3-level control architecture with a global SD-slice controller at the top, domain controllers (DC) in the middle, and dynamic, end-to-end flow controllers at the bottom. Associated with each DC is a domain inference engine whose function is to estimate availability of various resources in that domain. Based on the inferred resource availability in domains, the global controller determines the feasibility of supporting a new SD slice and if so, allocates resources to achieve/maintain the required performance of all slices. Based on the resources allocated by the global controller, the slice controller is responsible for sharing the resources across domains among data/processing flows to optimize resource utility. The end-to-end flow controllers then allocate resources to data flows or processing tasks according to dynamic conditions of resources for efficiency and robustness. |
16,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Magnetic properties of fcc Co-Mn-Fe system, and key words: Magnetic properties, Saturation magnetization, Antiferromagnetic materials, Lattices, Neutrons, Iron, Temperature, X-ray diffraction, Alloying, Photonic band gap. Abstract: We have determined the magnetic phase diagram and the antiferromagnetic structure in the Co-Mn-Fe system. The condition for Invar effect was examined in the ferromagnetic state, and the antiferromagnetism due to band gap was confirmed. A universal relation between Néel points and lattice parameters was proposed. |
16,808 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel stator hybrid excited doubly salient permanent magnet brushless machine for electric vehicles, and key words: Stators, Permanent magnets, Brushless machines, Hybrid electric vehicles, Magnetic flux, Bridge circuits, Lamination, Magnetic circuits, Finite element methods, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: In this paper, a novel stator hybrid excited doubly salient permanent magnet (SHEDS-PM) brushless machine with a special magnetic bridge is proposed for the first time. The originality of this machine is purposely to add a magnetic bridge in shunt with each PM pole, which not only maintains the stator lamination in its entireness, but also amplifies the effect of dc field flux on PM flux. An equivalent magnetic circuit is presented to clarify the novelty and the finite element analysis is adopted to determine the machine characteristics. The corresponding results on a prototype machine illustrate that the proposed machine is promising for application to electric vehicles. |
16,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Macroscopic traffic flow stability for adaptive cruise controlled (ACC) vehicles, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Traffic control, Road transportation, Stability analysis, Stability criteria, Velocity control, Communication system traffic control, Remotely operated vehicles, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a general approach to the macroscopic traffic flow stability analysis of adaptive cruise controlled (ACC) vehicles. We present a macroscopic model with velocity saturation for traffic flow in which each individual vehicle is controlled by an ACC spacing policy. A nonlinear traffic flow stability criterion is investigated using a wavefront expansion technique. Qualitative relationships between traffic flow stability and model parameters are derived for a generalized ACC traffic flow model. The newly derived stability results are in agreement with previously derived results that were obtained using both microscopic and macroscopic models with a constant time headway (CTH) policy. Moreover, the stability results derived in this paper provide sufficient and necessary conditions for ACC traffic flow stability, which can be used to design other ACC spacing policies. |
16,810 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced Active Element Power-Law Proportional-Integral Controller Designs, and key words: Resistors, PI control, Network topology, Minimization, Topology, Impedance. Abstract: Topologies of power-law proportional-integral controllers, which offer minimization of the active component count are presented in this work. This is achieved thanks to the utilization of RC networks, which approximate driving-point impedances described by power-law functions. Additional important features of the presented schemes are their capability of achieving minimization of the spread of passive elements, as well as of implementing values of order greater than one. |
16,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Robot assisted activity for elderly people and nurses at a day service center, and key words: Senior citizens, Animals, Medical services, Medical treatment, Intelligent robots, Humans, Hospitals, Seals, Mood, Pediatrics. Abstract: We have been developing mental commit robots that provide psychological, physiological, and social effects to human beings through physical interaction. The appearances of these robots look like real animals such as cats and seals. We have applied mental commit robots to assisting the activity of elderly people at a day service center. In order to investigate the effect of mental commit robots on the elderly people, we evaluated elderly people's mood by face scales and questionnaires. In addition, the stress of nursing staff was investigated. We evaluated their mental poverty by a "burnout scale." Mental commit robots were provided in the day service center for five weeks. Results showed that feelings of elderly people were improved by interaction with the robots. Moreover, the nursing staff's mental poverty decreased because the elderly people spent their time by themselves with the robots. Consequently, mental commit robots are useful at elderly institutions like the day service center. |
16,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Extended life of telecom relays by using SF/sub 6/, and key words: Relays, Telecommunication switching, Switches, Contact resistance, Switching circuits, System testing, Medium voltage, Packaging, Dielectric breakdown, Electrons. Abstract: The excellent dielectric characteristics of Sulfur-Hexafluoride (SF/sub 6/) are well known and have been applied for many years in high and medium voltage equipment and even in very small switches like telecom relays. The use of SF/sub 6/ in telecom relays increased the dielectric performance of relays although the dimensions were significantly reduced at the same time. Beside the improved dielectric performance, the electrical life and switching capability of the relays were significantly extended. On practically all tested loads at least the same, on many loads an extension of the electrical life could be found, e.g., maximum load, ringing load and others. Also the allowed switching range could be increased by a factor of two as the material transfer and erosion characteristics were improved significantly. |
16,813 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Installation of Battery Energy Storage with Wind Energy System in Distribution System, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Wind energy, Production, Power system stability, Linear programming, Batteries, Standards. Abstract: Renewable energy has an extensive impact on planning and operation of power systems especially in case of distribution networks. The necessity for Renewable energy resources cannot be just diminished to power sustainability. It involves the crucial aspect of alleviating electricity shortages, improving quality of power and minimizing emissions of greenhouse gases. Also every nation thrives for stability and independence when it comes to power production. With the advent of proper storage and control devices designed using optimization techniques which are befitting to the situation, it can lead to a successful fruition in eliminating these constraints and achieving the independence in power production. Taking these into consideration, a comprehensive model of wind and battery energy system is designed. The parameters considered in the objective function are total voltage deviation, total losses, power consumed from the grid and cost of the battery. The results are promising when tested on the standard IEEE 33 and 69 bus test system. |
16,814 | Please write an abstract with title: AI-Enabled High-Throughput Wireless Telemetry for Effective Photodynamic Therapy, and key words: Wireless communication, Animals, Handheld computers, Transmitting antennas, Medical treatment, Power transmission, Implants. Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative method for treating cancer, and its outcomes are highly dependent on effective light delivery to tumor cells to activate a photosensitizer. Existing approaches paired with advances in wireless technologies enable remote delivery of light to tumors in a freely behaving animal, but its efficacy is limited by wireless coverage of a power transmission system. Here, we introduce AI-informed low-power wireless telemetry that allows for real-time pose-estimation of multiple animals in a cage to enable adaptive control of transmission coil antennas. This results in significantly improved wireless coverage and thereby robust activation of the implanted devices (in up to 5 animals) in a cage. Hypericin mediated PDT demonstrated substantial suppression of tumor growth in a high-throughput manner, suggesting that the proposed platform provides the potential for widespread use in fundamental research, and ultimately, in clinical settings. |
16,815 | Please write an abstract with title: A deep Bi-LSTM based Fault Detection Algorithm for WSNs, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Wireless sensor networks, Art, Fault detection, IEEE Sections, Conferences, Hardware. Abstract: The demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised in today's era significantly. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the main component of IoT. However, the sensor nodes are prone to failures due to their deployment in hostile environments. In WSNs, fault in sensor nodes extensively degrades the network performances. The existing fault detection approaches are unable to diagnosis different types of faults in the sensor. Also, the fault detection accuracy of the existing approaches is very less. In this paper, a deep Bidirectional LSTM model is used to detect the fault in nodes. The proposed methodology can detect various types of faults such as soft permanent, intermittent and transient faults. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other state-of-the- art fault detection approaches in terms of fault detection accuracy, false alarm rate, and false-positive rate. |
16,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Classes of Diagnostic Tests, and key words: Circuit testing, Circuit faults, Digital systems, Fault diagnosis, Sequential analysis, Computer science, Automatic testing, System testing, Calculus, Logic testing. Abstract: This paper presents the results of an investigation into the types of tests useful for automatically diagnosing combinational digital devices. The diagnosis is based on a design model that allows hierarchy in both the structure and the data of the device being represented. A more general set of assumptions than is commonly employed allows data values other than boolean values to be diagnosed, and permits faults other than stuck-at faults to be found. The design model, the assumptions, and the tests are represented in SUBTLE, a language based on predicate calculus and specialized for digital systems. |
16,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Localization of Internet of Things Network via Deep Neural Network Based Matrix Completion, and key words: Symmetric matrices, Neural networks, Euclidean distance, Minimization, Information and communication technology, Noise measurement, Internet of Things. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a technique to acquire the sensor map of Internet of Things (IoT) network. Our approach consists of two main steps to reconstruct the Euclidean distance matrix. First, we recast Euclidean distance matrix completion problem into the alternating minimization problem. We next employ a cascade of multiple deep neural networks to recover the location map of sensors (and the original distance matrix) from the noisy observed matrix. From the numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve an accurate reconstruction performance of the distance matrix with much smaller measurement required by conventional approaches and also outperforms state-of-the-art matrix completion algorithms both in noisy and noiseless scenarios. |
16,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Chan-Vese Model for Rust Image Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Level set, Image color analysis, Lighting, Inspection, Principal component analysis, Color. Abstract: Approach for efficient rust segmentation using model based on Chan-Vese integral is considered. Real images of rusted surfaces were used to test proposed approach. Experimental results are provided. |
16,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatio-temporal Analysis and Machine Learning for Traffic Accidents Prediction, and key words: Accidents, Roads, Boosting, Correlation, Feature extraction, Deep learning. Abstract: Traffic accidents impose significant problems in our daily life due to the huge social, environmental, and economic expenses associated with them. The rapid development in data science, geographic data collection, and processing methods encourage researchers to evaluate, delineate traffic accident hotspots, and to effectively predict and estimate traffic accidents. In this study, traffic accidents dataset that covers United Kingdom for the time period between 2012-2014 is investigated. The methodology consists of extracting features weights, and then using these weights with statistical methods provided in ArcGIS in order to classify accidents according to severity and perform hotspot analysis and severity prediction. The proposed method can be effectively used by different authorities to implement an improved planning and management approaches for traffic accident reduction. Moreover, it can identify and locate road risk segments where immediate action should be considered. |
16,820 | Please write an abstract with title: High dV/dt Controllability of 1.2kV Si-TCIGBT for High Flexibility Design with Ultra-low Loss Operation, and key words: IGBT, CIGBT, dynamic avalanche, dv/dt controllability, high current density operation. Abstract: High dV/dt controllability of IGBT is an important factor for flexible design as well as low switching loss in power electronics systems. However, Dynamic Avalanche (DA) phenomenon poses a fundamental limit on their dV/dt control range, operating current density, turn-off power loss as well as reliability. Overcoming this phenomenon is essential to ensure their safe operation and high robustness in emerging electric transport. In this work, detailed analysis of 1.2 kV trench gated IGBTs is undertaken through experiments and calibrated TCAD 3-dimensional simulations to show the fundamental cause of the low dV/dt controllability of conventional IGBTs and a method to achieve DA free design by Trench Clustered IGBT (TCIGBT). The potential of TCIGBT for ultra-high current density operation with high dV/dt controllability is also presented. |
16,821 | Please write an abstract with title: Marker codes to correct insertion/deletion errors in differential pulse-position modulation for wireless infrared communications, and key words: Pulse modulation, Error correction codes, Modulation coding, Wireless communication, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: We apply marker codes to differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) for wireless infrared communications in order to correct insertion/deletion errors. We present the encoder and decoder algorithms, and investigate the performance using both analysis and simulation. Over a non-dispersive channel, DPPM with marker coding yields better power efficiency than uncoded DPPM. For 2-DPPM and 4-DPPM, the longer the marker, the higher the power efficiency that can be achieved. On the other hand, there is little improvement with a long marker for 8-DPPM and 16-DPPM. |
16,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Fair scheduling for downlink realtime data distribution, and key words: Downlink, Scheduling algorithm, Base stations, Traffic control, Wireless communication, Mobile communication, Telephony, Ground penetrating radar, Algorithm design and analysis, Asynchronous transfer mode. Abstract: Information dissemination on downlink channels has been widely perceived to be a dominant application in future wireless mobile communications. Data distribution on the downlink is subject to the influence of location dependent channel errors. To timely deliver data to a mobile recipient through a good-conditioned channel in the spirit of fairness has become a very important issue. This paper has proposed a scheduling algorithm to address this problem. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to prove the feasibility of our proposal. |
16,823 | Please write an abstract with title: W-40G Guided Millimeter-Wave Transmission System, and key words: Filters, Repeaters, Error analysis, Millimeter wave communication, Frequency, Circuits, Noise measurement, Telephony, Switches, Equalizers. Abstract: System structure, repeater equipments and transmission characteristics of a guided millimeter-wave transmission system "W-40G" are reported. It can transmit 300,000 telephone channels in the frequency band from 43 to 87 GHz. |
16,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Eddy Current and Temperature Rise Thermal Deformation of Radial Magnetic-Fluid Double Suspension Bearings, and key words: magnetic-fluid double suspension bearing, ANSYS, eddy current lost, temperature rise, thermal deformation. Abstract: Because the radial magnetic-fluid double suspension bearing rotates at a high speed, a large iron loss is generated in the magnet, mainly eddy current loss The temperature rise of the baring magnet is caused by the eddy current loss, and the thermal deformation of the magnet is caused by the temperature rise of the magnet. The thermal deformation of the magnet affects the thickness of the oil film. The bearing characteristics of the bearing system are changed. In this paper, ANSYS is used to simulate and calculate the electromagnetic field and eddy current loss of the radial magnetic-fluid double suspension bearing, and the distribution of magnetic force line, magnetic induction intensity and eddy current loss in the whole calculation field is obtained. According to this, the eddy current loss is used as the heat source to load the heat transfer finite element calculation model of the radial magnetic-fluid double suspension bearing magnet. The temperature rise of the radial magnetic-fluid double suspension bearing caused by the eddy current loss is calculated and analyzed. At the same time, the thermal deformation of the magnet due to temperature changes was analyzed. |
16,825 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of routing under local information using a social insect metaphor, and key words: Insects, Quality of service, Telecommunication traffic, Computer science, Intelligent networks, Information systems, Routing protocols, Delay, Computer errors, Computer networks. Abstract: Although adaptive and heuristic approaches perform well under idealized conditions to the packet network routing problem, such algorithms are also dependent on global information that is not available under real-world conditions. This work benchmarks routing under local information conditions using the AntNet algorithm and makes recommendations regarding future approaches. |
16,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Hyperspectral Shadow Removal via Nonlinear Unmixing, and key words: Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging, Analytical models, Photonics, Image color analysis, Lighting. Abstract: Removing shadows that are often present in remotely sensed hyperspectral images is important for both enhancing the interpretability of the data and further target analysis. Shadow removal approaches based on spectral unmixing have been proposed in the literature using the linear mixture model. However, objects that produce shadows may also introduce light scattering, and the higher order interactions of photons can cause nonlinearity. This letter integrates the nonlinear hyperperspectral unmixing into the unmixing-based shadow removal, and the effects of applying typical nonlinear algorithms within the approach are investigated. The usefulness of nonlinear unmixing in hyperspectral shadow removal is verified based on the results of applications to both laboratory-created real data and actual airborne data. |
16,827 | Please write an abstract with title: JQuery Software Architecture of University Scientific Research Management Information System Based on Web Hierarchical Data Heterogeneous Mining, and key words: Databases, XML, Computer architecture, Management information systems, Service-oriented architecture, Software reliability, Data mining. Abstract: This paper discusses the function design and realization idea of college student information management system using jQuery framework and AJAX technology and using multi-layer architecture, in which factory pattern, dependency injection and reflection mechanism are applied in the multi-layer architecture. Then, the SSH (Struts, Spring, Hibernate) combined architecture is used to realize the development of the scientific research funding management system in colleges and universities, and effectively solve the problem of data heterogeneity between the scientific research funding management system and other systems. It explores a low-cost and reliable way of middleware heterogeneous database to realize the integration of the original management information system. The updated data of each subsystem database is converted into XML messages through XML parsing tools, and then the JMS message service provided by the middleware application server is used. |
16,828 | Please write an abstract with title: The Research on Underground Safety Inspection and Gas Methane Detection Based on Industrial Internet Technology, and key words: Methane, Watermarking, Production, Inspection, Software, Safety, Coal mining. Abstract: By using industrial Internet technology and integrating coal mine safety monitoring system, UWB underground personnel accurate positioning system, MIS system data, electronic watermark, etc., it is realized to strictly restrict underground security inspectors from carrying out safety inspection at the specified time and place. To realize the authenticity and uniqueness of underground safety inspection and gas inspection data, we can use the digital watermark of inspection place, inspection time and inspector's name which is added to the picture by using the photographing function. And prevent missed inspection and data fraud, so as to ensure the safety of underground production and avoid accidents. |
16,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Security Assurance Using Face Recognition & Detection System Based On Neural Networks, and key words: Face recognition, Face detection, Neural networks, Information security, Computer security, Image recognition, Biometrics, Cryptography, Data mining, Humans. Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a new method of implementing an assurance system using the facial information of the people, this is a different approach to the conventional security system which uses biometric information or cryptography for assurance, here we use an efficient self-scaling face recognition system supported with a face detection system, the system is capable enough to extract the human faces from a real time video and to recognize the people using a face recognition system, we are designing the framework for face recognition system with a hybrid RBF neural network, the real advantage of the system lies in its capability to inculcate some basic features of the self organizing map (SOM) so that the system can scale on its own and it doesn't get outdated with time, for the face detection system we use a content based face detection algorithm, the facial feature so detected is inputted into the face recognition system, if the person's information is already present in the system, authentication can be accomplished, this system can be used in public places like airports and supermarkets, the information of criminals can be stored in the system and in case any of the criminals are detected by the system, the security personnel can be signaled, this system can also be implemented in robotics, the system can help the computer to identify individual users distinctly, our facial recognition system has been tested and found to be persistent in recognizing the individual even if the input facial image is of different gesture or holds some extra lineament like beard, moustache or spectacles so we can definitely state that the system is reliable and efficient |
16,830 | Please write an abstract with title: Codesign of a Schottky Diode's and Loop Antenna's Impedances for Dual-Band Wireless Power Transmission, and key words: Schottky diodes, Rectennas, Dual band, Impedance, Antenna measurements, Radio frequency. Abstract: In this letter, we proposed a simple design method of rectenna for dual-band wireless power transmission (WPT). This method introduces a codesign of a Schottky's diode and antenna's impedance at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, which are conjugate matching, respectively. One example shows the design. The rectifying diode presents capacitive impedance, and inductive impedance can be given by a loop antenna through optimization. A Schottky diode is directly connected into the dual-band antenna. An uncomplicated structure is achieved without additional matching network and filtering. For validation, a rectenna working at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz was designed, fabricated, and tested. The measurement results show that a maximum conversion efficiency of 70% with a load resistance of 400 Ω was realized at 2.45 GHz. At 5.8 GHz, the peak efficiency is 61.5% with a load resistance of 200 Ω. This rectenna can be used to charge electronic devices, such as wireless sensors. |
16,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint source-channel coding with partially coded index assignment for robust scalable video, and key words: Channel coding, Source coding, Vector quantization, Noise robustness, Nonlinear filters, Filtering, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Protection, Convolutional codes, Video coding. Abstract: A scalable video coder consisting of motion-compensated temporal filtering coupled with structured vector quantization plus a linear mapping of quantizer indexes that minimizes simultaneously source and channel distortions is presented. The linear index assignment takes the form of either a direct, uncoded mapping or a coded mapping via Reed-Muller codes. Experimental results compare the proposed system to a similar scheme using unstructured vector quantization as well as to a prominent scalable video coder protected by more traditional convolutional codes. The proposed system consistently outperforms the other two schemes by a significant margin for very noisy channel conditions. |
16,832 | Please write an abstract with title: Value Proposition of High Capacity and Flexible Line Interfaces in Next-Generation Transport Networks, and key words: Optical fibers, Costs, Optical interconnections, Simulation, Telecommunication traffic, Optical fiber networks, Media. Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the impact of deploying state-of-the-art high capacity and flexible line interfaces instead of lower cost optical interfaces, which natively target data center interconnection (DCI), in metro and regional networks. With that aim, the media channel (MCh) formats supported in both cases are introduced and a set of MCh provisioning algorithms to mimic network operation over multiple periods is described. Simulation results obtained in two reference networks highlight the hardware savings and extended amount of carried traffic enabled by the former type of interfaces. Moreover, it provides insight on the (i) relevance of selecting the most suitable MCh provisioning algorithm depending on network topology and traffic pattern and on the (ii) impact of implementing lower cost interfaces having different performance and cost trade-offs. |
16,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacities Optimizing of Region-Level Integrated Energy Systems Based on Random Model, and key words: Planning, Resistance heating, Cooling, Power grids, Investment, Fireworks algorithm, Energy storage. Abstract: Whether energy equipment can be fully utilized in the integrated energy system and how to improve the utilization rate of energy equipment is one of the issues to be considered in the planning stage of the integrated energy system. In this paper, the annual utilization hours of equipment is used as an indicator to measure the utilization rate of equipment life cycle. A long-term scale planning method for regional integrated energy system is proposed, which establishes random models of annual utilization hours of wind turbines, photovoltaics, annual demand for cooling, heating and electricity due to their uncertainty. The planning model aims to minimize the annualized cost containing investment cost and operation cost of system. Then, an improved enhanced firework algorithm based Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to solve the proposed planning model. Finally, the optimized results show that the proposed model based on long time scale is effective in solving the capacity allocation problem of regional integrated energy system. |
16,834 | Please write an abstract with title: A prime factor FFT algorithm implementation using a program generation technique, and key words: Discrete Fourier transforms, Signal processing algorithms, Signal generators, Fourier transforms, Software performance, Software algorithms, Indexing, National electric code, Computer science. Abstract: This correspondence presents details of a new implementation of the prime factor FFT algorithm (PFA) for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). This implementation applies a program generation technique to the PFA algorithm and saves about 40 percent of the execution time of the conventional one. |
16,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Static modeling of periodic structures with application to braided shields, and key words: Periodic structures, Wires, Cable shielding, Topology, Solid modeling, Predictive models, History, Assembly, Geometry, Electrostatics. Abstract: Models for predicting the penetration of cable shields have a long history and have had considerable success. However, occasionally, modifications to cable topology call into question the use of these models. It would thus be useful to assemble a first principles model of the shield, not only to handle changes in topology from the standard geometry, but also to form a theoretical underpinning for the existing models. The paper discusses the progress on a first principles model of a braided shield. A planar approximation to the cylindrical braid is used to reduce the number of parameters involved in the braid description. The model uses Ewald summation techniques to sum efficiently over the periodicity of the braid. Connections between the electrostatic potential behind the planar braid shield and the transfer capacitance, and also between the magnetic flux behind the shield and transfer inductance, are derived to connect planar quantities with the transfer immittances of the cylindrical braid. The braid wires are taken to be perfect electrical conductors (i.e., losses are not considered at present). Moment methods are used to calculate the static potentials about the braid wires and match the boundary conditions on the wires. The field from the net current on the wire is represented by a vector potential. |
16,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Federated Edge Network Utility Maximization for a Multi-Server System: Algorithm and Convergence, and key words: Convergence, Servers, Computer architecture, Resource management, Optimization, Edge computing, Peer-to-peer computing. Abstract: We propose a novel Federated Edge Network Utility Maximization (FEdg-NUM) architecture for solving a large-scale distributed network utility maximization (NUM) problem. In FEdg-NUM, clients with private utilities communicate to a peer-to-peer network of edge servers. This represents a departure from the classical distributed NUM master-slave configuration and enables distributed computing harnessing local communications. Compared to a solution using cloud synchronization via Ring AllReduce, we prove that our federated edge computing model has shorter run-time in the presence of network congestion, thanks to its configuration and its ability to make progress in the presence of intermittent links. The paper studies its convergence and run-time performance both analytically and numerically, and illustrates several possible networking applications. |
16,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Fiber Facilities for Subscriber Loops, and key words: Optical fibers, Subscriber loops, Optical fiber cables, Telephony, Power cables, Circuits, Splicing, Optical fiber networks, High speed optical techniques, Optical attenuators. Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the introduction and subsequent development of optical fiber cable and its application to subscriber networks enabling economical broad-band services, such as video and high-speed digital data transmissions. This paper also outlines NTT's developments on subscriber optical fiber cable technology-in particular, the five-fiber ribbon cable structure, mass-fusion splicing machine, and multifiber connector-in its ongoing endeavors to establish economical and flexible subscriber optical fiber networks which provide optical fibers to each subscriber. |
16,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Pattern recognition and understanding for visual information media, and key words: Pattern recognition, Humans, Multimedia systems, Artificial intelligence, Robot sensing systems, Real time systems, Space technology, Machine intelligence, Systems engineering and theory, Educational technology. Abstract: Pattern recognition and understanding, PRU, is a fundamental technology to realize intelligent visual information media, which can select, summarize, and augment the visual information in the real world according to the need of each individual. A three years research project, "Pattern Recognition and Understanding for Visual Information Media (VIS-PRU)", sponsored by the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan), has finished. The purpose of this project is to restructure the PRU technology, which has been developed for making automatic machines to replace humans, into a key technology in the multimedia fields where the information media are expected to support human activity and to augment the human ability. The critical difference between the two cases is that a human consumes the output of PRU in multimedia systems, while a machine consumes it in automated systems for substituting humans. The achievements of the research project are introduced and the PRU in real time, human centered systems are discussed. |
16,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Grey fuzzy sliding mode control for uncertain systems, and key words: Fuzzy control, Fuzzy systems, Sliding mode control, Uncertain systems, Uncertainty, Power system modeling, Electric variables control, Automatic control, Motion control, Process control. Abstract: Aiming at grey box system with partial parameters uncertainty, a composite control strategy based on grey model compensation and sliding mode variable structure control (VSC) is proposed. Sliding mode control is designed for certain part of the system. A fuzzy controller is introduced to tune the sliding parameter according to the state of sliding mode, which overcomes the undesirable chattering problem in VSC. A grey estimation model is used to compensate the parameter uncertain part of the system. Computer simulation results for a motion control system with model uncertainty show that the composite control strategy proposed is effective, and the problem of undesirable chattering in VSC and model uncertainty is overcome well. |
16,840 | Please write an abstract with title: Power-Efficient Heterogeneous Many-Core Design With NCFET Technology, and key words: Iron, Microarchitecture, FinFETs, Capacitance, Logic gates, CMOS technology. Abstract: Multi-/many-core, homogeneous or heterogeneous architectures, using the existing CMOS technology are inevitably approaching the limit of attainable power efficiency due to the fundamental limits in scaling. Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistor (NCFET) is rapidly emerging as an alternative technology that promises a multi-fold increase in the power efficiency of transistors, yet is compatible with the existing CMOS fabrication process. NCFET incorporates a ferroelectric (FE) layer within the transistor's gate stack, which exhibits a negative capacitance effect amplifying the internal voltage. NCFET has been in detail studied in both physics and devices/circuits communities where its superiority has been demonstrated in semiconductor measurements. However, the full promise of NCFET remains unmodeled and unquantified unless the research is further continued to the microarchitecture and system levels. This article, for the first time, explores system- and application-level benefits of NCFET-based multi-/many-core designs in terms of performance and power-efficiency compared to state-of-the-art FinFET-based designs. This exploration is done first through analytical modeling in which we extend Amdahl's law for NCFET multi-/many-cores, and then through quantitative modeling. The latter is achieved through RTL- and system-level simulations of NCFET-based multi-cores. The analytical modeling shows that a novel type of technology-based heterogeneity in which cores with the same microarchitecture but different FE thickness are combined is highly beneficial. Our exploration shows that this novel heterogeneity increases the power-efficiency by up to 3.5× over homogeneous systems and even achieves 8.3% better performance and 20% higher power-efficiency than conventional heterogeneity in the microarchitecture without having to cope with the complexity of managing different microarchitectures. |
16,841 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Synergistic Benefits of Reconfigurable Antennas and Partial Channel Knowledge for the MIMO Interference Channel, and key words: Antennas, Transmitting antennas, MIMO communication, Receiving antennas, Coherence time, Channel estimation, Interference channels. Abstract: Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) schemes create and exploit channel coherence patterns without the knowledge of channel realizations at transmitters, while beamforming schemes rely primarily on channel knowledge available to the transmitters without regard to channel coherence patterns. In order to explore the compatibility of these disparate ideas and the possibility of synergistic gains, this work studies the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) of the 2-user ${(M_{1}\times N_{1})(M_{2}\times N_{2})}$ Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Interference Channel (IC) where Transmitter 1 is equipped with reconfigurable antennas and has no channel knowledge, while Transmitter 2 has partial channel knowledge but no reconfigurable antennas. Taking a fundamental dimensional analysis perspective, the main question is to identify which antenna configurations allow synergistic DoF gains. The main results of this work are two-fold. The first result identifies antenna configurations where both reconfigurable antennas and partial channel knowledge are individually beneficial, as those where $M_{1}< N_{1}< \min (M_{2},N_{2})$ . The second result shows that synergistic gains exist in each of these settings, over the best known solutions that rely on either reconfigurable antennas or partial channel knowledge alone. Coding schemes that jointly exploit partial channel knowledge and reconfigurable antennas emerge as a byproduct of the analysis. |
16,842 | Please write an abstract with title: An Energy Storage Scheduling Strategy Based on Computational Optimization Starting Point, and key words: Processor scheduling, Green products, Fault location, Linear programming, Scheduling, Iterative algorithms, Power systems. Abstract: With a large number of new energy sources connected to the grid, the inverse peak characteristics of their power generation have brought great difficulties to the grid scheduling. In recent years, energy storage technology has gradually developed and matured, and its dual characteristics of charge and discharge provide a new solution to the problem of new energy consumption. However, the current peak load shifting scheduling problem for energy storage is mainly solved by intelligent optimization algorithm, which has the disadvantage of low solving efficiency and the risk of falling into a local optimal solution. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel scheduling strategy based on computational optimization starting point for energy storage, which can provide an appropriate iterative starting point for intelligent optimization algorithm through the preset process. Compared with the randomly generated starting point, the calculated starting point can make the objective function tend to the extreme value more quickly and stably. Finally, in the case studies part, a system with solar power generation was taken as the example. The energy storage peak load shifting optimization problem was solved by adopting the calculated starting point and the random generated starting point respectively, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is proved by comparing the test results. |
16,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Single Image Reflection Removal for Privacy Protection using Deep CNN, and key words: Privacy, Face, Glass, Optimization, Noise reduction, Convolution, Noise measurement. Abstract: It is a problem that the interior of the room and the photographer are reflected by windows and glass at taking photographs. In order to take good images of the outdoors from indoors through glass, it is necessary to take measures to prevent these reflections. However, if the already captured image contains reflections, the method is needed to remove the reflections from the image. We believe that the most important mission of Reflection Removal is to protect privacy, and we will train CNN specializing in human image reflection removal and verify their performance. We improve human removal performance by learning a network using a database that always contains humans in the reflection layer. |
16,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep DR: Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using a Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Retinopathy, Training data, Medical services, Retina, Cameras. Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a consequence of diabetes that affects the back of the eye due to excessive blood sugar levels. If left misdiagnosed and untreated, it might result in blindness. Retinal screening aids in the early detection and treatment of DR. We created a deep learning model that can detect DR in its early to late stages to make the screening procedure easier. The proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model classifies between two classes i.e. the presence of DR or otherwise via an image-based dataset. Accuracy of up to 96% has been achieved. |
16,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Blue-green Algae Recognition Based on Rotation Invariant Uniform LBP and Color Information, and key words: Support vector machines, Histograms, Image recognition, Image color analysis, Digital images, Algae, Feature extraction. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of blue-green algae recognition in digital images, current algorithms ignore the difference between blue-green algae and water plants. In order to effectively distinguish between blue-green algae and other objects of the same color, this paper uses LBP histogram to extract the texture feature. But it takes a long time to recognize blue-green algae with the original LBP. Therefore, using the rotation invariant uniform LBP to extract image features. At this time, the number of feature vectors is reduced, significantly reduced recognition time. But it also led to the lack of some information, and accuracy of blue-green algae recognition is greatly reduced. Therefore, this paper concatenates the 64-dimension RGB histogram and the rotation invariant uniform LBP histogram to improve the recognition accuracy. The extracted features are then inputted into SVM with the INTER kernel function for final recognition. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective and efficient for blue-green algae recognition. |
16,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving the performance of a keyword spotting system by using support vector machines, and key words: Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Hidden Markov models, Speech recognition, Pattern classification, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Probability distribution, Pattern recognition, Training data. Abstract: Support vector machines (SVM) represent a new approach to pattern classification developed from the theory of structural risk minimisation. In this paper, we propose an investigation into the application of SVM to the confidence measurement problem in speech recognition. Confidence measures are computed using the phone level information provided by a hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizer. We use three kinds of average techniques as arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averages in order to compute a confidence measure for each word. The acceptance/rejection decision for a given word is based on the confidence feature vector which is processed by a SVM classifier. The performance of the proposed SVM classifier is compared with methods based on the averaging of phone confidence measures. |
16,847 | Please write an abstract with title: Real time reconfiguration of manufacturing systems, and key words: Real time systems, Manufacturing systems, Control system synthesis, Automatic control, Electrical equipment industry, Industrial control, Manufacturing industries, Control systems, Drives, Programmable control. Abstract: Usually, in an industrial context, the design of discrete control law to drive manufacturing system is assume offline by several experts. This is mainly due to the lack of a generic method to model the controlled system abilities. Consequently, not only the design of all the control laws mobilizes many PLC program developers, but also, in case of unexpected resources failures, the reconfiguration process can be only considered from a manual point of view. So, to bring a solution in this field of research, first a methodological approach to model a controlled system is given. Second, based on such a resulting model, an automated discrete control law synthesis is proposed to provide a law compatible with one of the CEI 61131-3 languages. |
16,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Decoupling and Fast Estimation of RCS Disturbance and Fault, and key words: Estimation error, Automation, Focusing, Observers, Sliding mode control. Abstract: Focusing on the reaction control system disturbance and fault, a decoupling and fast estimation method is proposed. First, the finite-time unknown input observers are designed combining unknown input observers, sliding mode control reaching laws, and sliding mode observers to decouple the fault and realize fast and accurate disturbance estimation. The proof of the estimation error finite-time stability based on Lyapunov theory is given. Second, the obtained disturbance estimation is introduced into existing finite-time observers to achieve rapid and accurate fault estimation. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a reaction control system and the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is verified. |
16,849 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Carbon Monoxide Content Prediction Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization SVM, and key words: Support vector machines, Heating systems, Furnaces, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Data models, Carbon monoxide. Abstract: In the petroleum processing industry, the carbon monoxide (CO) content of the flue gas emitted by the heating furnace is predicted according to the various gases that will be generated in the on-site environment of the heating furnace. Therefore, a Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine(PSO-SVM) model is proposed for the prediction of carbon monoxide content. When optimizing the parameters of SVM for particle swarm optimization, it is easy to fall into the problem of local optimization and premature convergence. An improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm is proposed: in the optimization process, adding a passive aggregation term to improve the speed formula of the PSO algorithm can make the particles reach the global optimal state. Finally, the carbon monoxide content is predicted by the improved PSO optimization support vector machine. The experimental results show that the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to fully explore the potential of the SVM model, and compared with the experimental results of other prediction models, it is proved that the model has the advantages of high accuracy. |
16,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Sea Surface Wind Speed Retrieval Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis Using 2019–2020 CYGNSS Data, and key words: Licenses. Abstract: This article proposes a new sea surface wind speed (SSWS) retrieval modeling algorithm based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis for observations acquired by the global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). As a nonparametric modeling algorithm, it is simpler compared with the nonlinear methods. The influence of wind speed and incident angle on the modeling error is analyzed for the first time using a spectrum analysis. Three types of data from 80% CYGNSS 2019–2020 observations [delay Doppler map average (DDMA) and leading edge slope (LES)], signal incident angle, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5 (ERA5) reference wind speed are used in the EOF analysis to establish two retrieval models. The remaining 20% of the data are used for accuracy evaluation after getting the final wind speed by the minimum variance (MV) estimator. As a result, when using three 0–20-m/s wind speeds of ERA5, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications V2 (MERRA2) as contrasts, the root mean squared errors (RMSEs) are 1.51, 1.45, and 1.43 m/s, respectively. Compared with CYGNSS wind product, the performance of this algorithm is closer to the L2 Climate Data Record (CDR) V1.1 product than V1.0. The results demonstrate that the EOF algorithm has a good performance in retrieving SSWS and can better retain the influence of the incident angle on the observations. |
16,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Energy Conversion Module Configuration Method of Multi-energy Transformation Integrated Equipment Adapted to Highway Traffic Scenes, and key words: Road transportation, Adaptation models, Wind, Wind energy, Transportation, Energy conversion, Energy efficiency. Abstract: Under the background of the dual-carbon strategy, the installed scale of solar energy, wind energy and other clean energy in the field of highway transportation is continuously increasing, and the types of loads along the highway are diverse. Ensuring the flexible transformation between various forms of energy can not only effectively improve the utilization rate of clean energy, but also adapt to different operating scenarios of the road network. Based on different highway traffic scenarios, this paper aims to optimize comprehensive energy efficiency, and comprehensively considers the constraints of each energy conversion module of the equipment and the overall equipment, and establishes a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP). The verification results of the numerical examples show that it is reasonable, effective and necessary to establish the optimal configuration model of the energy transformation module of the multi-energy transformation integrated equipment that adapts to different scenarios "source-load-storage", which can not only ensure that the energy supply meets the load demand in most cases, but also significantly promote the consumption of new energy, and reduce highway operation costs. |
16,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Detection of False positives and false negatives in Cerebral Aneurysms from MR Angiography Images by Deep Learning Methods, and key words: Deep learning, Shape, Computational modeling, Aneurysm, Production, Predictive models, Tools. Abstract: Prediction is the vital process of introspecting any events, diseases and other applications. Sometime it became witness of abnormal outcome which yields improper decision on crucial part of life. False positive and False Negatives are such valuable factors which affecting the process of correct decision on finding a specific problems in human body. False Positive denotes wrong result because it was not an actual positive and similarly it was not an actual negative but False Negative would obtain in a result. These two parameters are considered major contribution in finding Cerebral Aneurysm from MRA images and the same images are tuned after prediction result for resolving False Positive and Negative prediction of diseases along with deep neural networks model. Deep Learning can able to perform like human being based on input given. Simulation was performed by feeding sample images to find the cerebral Aneurysm and the same intended to find False positive and Negative using MATLAB and AlexNet. |
16,853 | Please write an abstract with title: A low-power high performance 4GHz SiGe HBT VCO, and key words: Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Voltage, Phase noise, Tellurium, Frequency, Tuning, Power dissipation. Abstract: This paper reports the lowest VCO phase noise achieved using SiGe HBT process at 4GHz. Te SiGE HBT devices have an f/sub T/ of 47GHz. The differential LC-tuned VCO operates over the voltage range 2.7 to 3.3 supply voltage. It has a 4.2GHz center frequency, 13% tuning range, -106 dBc/Hz at 100KHz offset and -128 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. The core power dissipation is 26mW from a 3.3 V supply. A high figure of merit (-186.35) is also achieved. The die area, including buffers and bond pads, is 1 mm/sup 2/. |
16,854 | Please write an abstract with title: DMIP3S: distributed algorithms for power-conserving multicasting in static wireless ad hoc networks, and key words: Distributed algorithms, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Multicast algorithms, Broadcasting, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile communication, Computer science, Power engineering and energy, Distributed computing. Abstract: In a static wireless ad hoc network, given a distinguished source node, and a subset of nodes called multicast group members, the minimum-energy multicast problem is to assign appropriate power levels to nodes in the network so that all group members are reachable from the source, and the total power usage is as small as possible. Computing effective power assignments and the multicast trees in a distributed manner is a major challenge. We devise two distributed algorithms for this problem. The central idea is called incremental power with potential power saving (IP3S). One algorithm, called DMIP3S (distributed multicast IP3S), is for small multicast groups and the other one, called P-DIP3S (pruning version of distributed IP3S), is for larger groups. Extensive simulations show that our distributed algorithms work even better than most known centralized ones. As far as we know, these are the first distributed algorithms for this problem. |
16,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Set of Heuristics for Evaluating Chatbots, and key words: Chatbot, Usability, Silicon compounds, ISO Standards, IEEE transactions, User interfaces, Tools. Abstract: Chatbots are artificial intelligence tools that interact with people in different contexts. A chatbot can be useful to streamline daily processes, serve customers 24 hours a day, provide information about classes, among other things. The appearance of new development technologies has made creating a chatbot an increasingly fast and straightforward process, bringing this kind of applications to people who had never considered using them before. However, this speed in development can lead to specific problems, many of them caused by the lack of usability evaluations. Heuristic usability evaluations are user interface review processes carried out by experts and are an essential part of any assessment process. To date, there are no heuristics to evaluate the usability of chatbots. Therefore, this work proposes five usability heuristics in chatbots that come from the experience developing this type of applications, as well as from a broad review of state of the art. The set of heuristics was tested using a case study with the help of five experts, who evaluated an education-oriented chatbot. The results revealed that, although the proposed heuristics need refinement, they are an excellent first step in broadening the horizon of usability evaluations in chatbots. |
16,856 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Parallel-Beamforming Based on Shared FIFO for Ultra-Compact Ultrasound Imaging Systems, and key words: Imaging, Array signal processing, Radio frequency, Ultrasonic imaging, Delays, Hardware, Transducers. Abstract: The realization of a parallel-beamforming (pBF) method in ultra-compact ultrasound imaging systems is challenging to achieve uncompromised beamforming accuracy in limited hardware and power resources. In this paper, we present a new hardware- and power-efficient pBF method that utilizes a shared first-in-first-out block on a post-fractional delay filtering architecture (pBF-sFIFO). For an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) rate given, the proposed pBF-sFIFO method yielded beamforming accuracy comparable to that by an unconstrained pBF (pBF-CON) method, with up to 15% less power consumption. Otherwise, a conventional time-sharing pBF method (pBF-TS) was more vulnerable to aliasing artifacts. Even though increasing ADC rate in the pBF-TS method could recover the beamforming accuracy, exponential need in power consumption was inevitable. Therefore, the pBF-sFIFO method would be an effective solution to enable advanced imaging features in ultra-compact ultrasound imaging systems. |
16,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Structural and transport properties of Mn /spl delta/-doped GaAs layers, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Temperature, Magnetic semiconductors, Lattices, Magnetic hysteresis, Magnetic properties, Magnetic moments, Lead compounds, Semiconductor device doping, Mass spectroscopy. Abstract: Delta(/spl delta/)-doping of magnetic ions in III-V semiconductors allows locally high concentration of magnetic moments, which can lead to higher ferromagnetic transition temperature as is expected in III-V-based random-alloy magnetic semiconductors. We have recently found that a Mn /spl delta/-doped GaAs layer only with 0.3 ML Mn concentration showed ferromagnetic ordering when selective p-type doping was introduced. Curie temperature T/sub C/ was found to be as high as 172 K, far above T/sub C/ of random-alloy magnetic semiconductors (e.g. 110 K for GaMnAs. We investigate MBE growth, structural and transport properties of Mn /spl delta/-doped GaAs and its heterostructures. |
16,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Results of the acoustic observatory array topology study, and key words: Observatories, Acoustic arrays, Topology, Sonar detection, Apertures, Oceans, Acoustic signal detection, Acoustic testing, Array signal processing, Marine technology. Abstract: In 1997, the Naval Studies Board recommended a focus on exploitation of the intrinsic coherence of the ocean to achieve 20 dB greater detectability by sonar systems. That same year, the JASONs suggested achieving these gains by elimination of shipping discretes. The Acoustic Testbed Working Group evaluated adaptive beamforming technology used in conjunction with various passive acoustic array topologies to suppress noise from discrete shipping and achieve the desired performance gains. These studies indicate that acoustic arrays of limited spatial extent, with both horizontal and vertical aperture make the most efficient use of large numbers of phones. This is because the motion of discrete shipping in typical littoral environments limits the amount of time integration that can be applied when using large horizontal apertures. |
16,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Pattern Recognition Classification for Myoelectric based Control of the Robotic Arm using Neural Network, and key words: Neural networks, Pattern classification, Human-robot interaction, Manipulators, Electromyography, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Because of its relevance to society, human-robot interaction has long been a research subject for academics. The creation of a robust human-interactive robot that takes commands from electromyogram (EMG) signals is currently being investigated. This paper explores the movements of a system that enables signals to be recorded directly from a human body and then used to operate a small robotic arm. Pattern classification is done with neural network and used for gestures of the artificialarm. |
16,860 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilayer nanogranular thin films as the materials for magnetic microinductors, and key words: Magnetic materials, Magnetic multilayers, Magnetic films, Micromagnetics, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic properties, Semiconductor films, Semiconductor thin films, Manufacturing, Electric resistance. Abstract: Some results concerning the magnetic, electrical and microstructural properties of multilayer [FeCoBN/Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/]xn films in view of their utilization for manufacturing thin film magnetic microinductors, are presented. A comparison between the physical properties of FeCoBN and [FeCoBN/Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/]xn films is also reported The [FeCoBN/Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/]xn thin films with the thickness of the FeCoBN layers varied from 10 to 30 nm, exhibit good soft magnetic characteristics and high values for electrical resistivity such as Ms of 172 - 185 emu/g, Hc of 4 - 18 Oe and /spl rho/ of 820 - 480 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm, respectively. These physical properties of the samples are discussed in relation with the microstructure of the multilayer system. |
16,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic signatures of WLAN cards and network security, and key words: Wireless LAN, Communication system security, Availability, Privacy, Protection, Physical layer, Wireless communication, Wireless application protocol, Electromagnetic devices, Signal processing. Abstract: The proliferation of wireless devices and the availability of new wireless applications and services raise new privacy and security concerns. Although network-layer anonymity protects the identities of the communication endpoints, the physical layer of many wireless communication protocols offers no such guarantee. The electromagnetic signal transmitted over an open communication medium can be monitored, captured, and analyzed in an effort to trace and identify users of wireless devices. In this paper we present preliminary results on the feasibility of identifying wireless nodes in a network by measuring distinctive electromagnetic characteristics or "signatures" of wireless local area network (WLAN) cards |
16,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Mask and Temperature Detection System using Deep Learning and Bus sanitization module for Covid-19, and key words: COVID-19, Temperature measurement, Deep learning, Pandemics, Machine vision, Sociology, Government. Abstract: In the pandemic situation of Covid-19 the public transport was totally stuck. During the phase of unlock the offices, banks, and other institutes started reopening. But restarting the public transport was the major challenge. Citizens were facing a lot of issues due to this problem. A survey says that about 85 to 90% population in India travels through public transport. Hence, it was essential to restart the public transport as soon as possible. The proposed idea in this paper focuses on solving the above-mentioned problem. The precautions and rules that are implemented by the government in welfare of the citizens are only available at offices and other public places. The proposed system makes it possible to implement such measures in public transport effectively so that people can travel through public transport without the fear of the virus. |
16,863 | Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Optimization of Microgrid Operation With Renewable Generation and Energy Storages, and key words: Markov processes, Uncertainty, Optimization, Predictive models, Generators, Costs, Renewable energy sources. Abstract: The operation of energy storage systems (ESSs) in power systems where variable renewable energy sources (VRESs) and ESSs must contribute to securing the supply, can be considered as an arbitrage against scarcity. The value of using stored energy instantly must be balanced against its potential future value and future risk of scarcity. This paper proposes a multi-stage stochastic programming model for the operation of microgrids with VRESs, ESSs and thermal generators that is divided into a short- and a long-term model. The short-term model utilizes information from forecasts updated every six hours, while the long-term model considers the value of stored energy beyond the forecast horizon. The model is solved using stochastic dual dynamic programming and Markov chains, and the results show that the significance of accounting for short- and long-term uncertainty increases for systems with a high degree of variable renewable generation and ESSs and limited dispatchable generation capacity. |
16,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of a new clay site in the context of valorization in the construction sector, and key words: Spectroscopy, Laser theory, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, Thermal engineering, X-ray lasers, Production. Abstract: A site in the Missour region that has never been exploited before has been subjected to a physical and chemical characterization in order to understand its mineralogical composition and to determine if it can be used in the construction sector. Different analyses were carried out such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Thermal behavior analysis (DTG-TG), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Granulometry laser analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS) indicating the presence of Illite, Quartz, and Calcite as minerals which constitute this material. |
16,865 | Please write an abstract with title: Camouflage Generative Adversarial Network: Coverless Full-image-to-image Hiding, and key words: Image quality, Image synthesis, Conferences, Containers, Generative adversarial networks, Decoding, Cybernetics. Abstract: Image hiding, one of the most important data hiding techniques, is widely used to enhance cybersecurity when transmitting multimedia data. In recent years, deep learning-based image hiding algorithms have been designed to improve the embedding capacity whilst maintaining sufficient imperceptibility to malicious eavesdroppers. These methods can hide a full-size secret image into a cover image, thus allowing full-image-to-image hiding. However, these methods suffer from a trade-off challenge to balance the possibility of detection from the container image against the recovery quality of secret image. In this paper, we propose Camouflage Generative Adversarial Network (Cam-GAN), a novel two-stage coverless full-image-to-image hiding method named, to tackle this problem. Our method offers a hiding solution through image synthesis to avoid using a modified cover image as the image hiding container and thus enhancing both image hiding imperceptibility and recovery quality of secret images. Our experimental results demonstrate that Cam-GAN outperforms state-of-the-art full-image-to-image hiding algorithms on both aspects. |
16,866 | Please write an abstract with title: Templates for reversible circuit simplification, and key words: Quantum computing, Computer science, Circuit synthesis, Power dissipation, CMOS technology, Niobium, Boolean functions, Application software, Cost function, Building materials. Abstract: Even using quite powerful computers, it is still only feasible to find guaranteed optimal circuits for at most 3-input 3-output reversible Boolean functions. Hence, a number of heuristic synthesis methods have emerged. Application of such methods usually results in non-optimal circuit specifications, which can, potentially, be simplified. The template approach discussed in this paper is a local optimization technique for reversible circuit simplification that can be applied for general cost metrics. We present some results on the efficient construction, generalized classification, and completeness of a set of generalized Toffoli gate templates. |
16,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Opposite Direction Pulse Train Propagation Modelling in Ring Nonlinear Microcavity, and key words: Optical fibers, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, Modulation, Scattering, Optics, Microcavities. Abstract: "Cabaret" scheme allows fast and precise simulating of long temporal dynamics of the microcavities with GVD, crossand self-phase modulation taken into consideration. Proposed scheme and model allow investigating cavity dynamics with two counter-propagating pulse trains with second-order dispersion and modulation instability, Rayleigh scattering and other effects such as Raman and SB Scattering and linear wave coupling as required. |
16,868 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of strong shock waves at the action of ring modulated laser beam radiation on the target, and key words: Shock waves, Optical modulation, Ring lasers, Laser beams, Optical materials, Optical pulse generation, Computational modeling, Electronic mail, Optical diffraction, Physics. Abstract: In the present work it is suggested to use space-modulated radiation for the generation of strong shock waves in a target while exposing it to high-energy radiation. This allows to increase the range of achievable pressures and limiting compressing 3-5 times without enhancing the power of the radiation sources. |
16,869 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of prioritized scheduling of assured forwarding in DiffServ architectures, and key words: Diffserv networks, Web and internet services, Quality of service, Processor scheduling, Bandwidth, Computer architecture, Delay, Computer networks, IP networks, Information technology. Abstract: Assured service has been proposed within the differentiated services (DiffServ) model to provide relative service differentiation by attempting to allocate bandwidth to different users in a controlled way during periods of network congestion. In this paper, we analyze the assured service scheme by means of a priority queueing system with state-dependent service scheduling based on thresholds. We consider the case of two classes of priority, carry out a mathematical analysis and numerically obtain the average delay endured by packets in each priority class and the loss probability for each class. To quantify the gain obtained under our threshold-based priority scheme over static priority based schemes, we also study the priority scheduling and weighted fair queuing models, and compared our results with the ones obtained using these two models. |
16,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Military Supply Support Application Based on RFID Technology, and key words: Radiofrequency identification, Couplings, Transmitting antennas, Radio frequency, Military equipment, Object recognition, Packaging. Abstract: Information processing is the acquisition of information. The realization of automatic identification and collection of information can obtain information quickly and accurately, which can not only reduce the complexity of related labor, but also provide important basic guarantee for the application of other information technology, and play an increasingly important role in the informatization construction of military support. According to the actual situation of military support construction in our army, this paper briefly introduces the meaning of radio frequency identification technology and analyzes the importance of its application in military support, expounds how to apply radio frequency identification technology in military support, and points out the precautions of its application in military support. |
16,871 | Please write an abstract with title: Segmentation of Handwritten Arabic Words Using High Level Informative Scheme, and key words: Electrical engineering, Handwriting recognition, Skeleton, Classification algorithms, Compounds, Character recognition. Abstract: In handwritten Arabic word recognition, the segmentation is a vital and crucial phase, and has a great impact in the accuracy of the subsequent recognition phase. We propose in this paper a new segmentation algorithm based on a high level informative scheme, which describes and identifies different geometric forms in a word, and use them to segment words in characters. The informative scheme we propose gives us the description of skeleton points, their coordinates, natures and number of their neighbors in 8-neighborhood. This allows the extraction of representative primitives of characteristics points that are used in the segmentation phase. The experimental results are promising, and can be improved; we obtained an important number of Good Segmentation Points and a low number of Bad Segmentation Points. |
16,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Closure on "Accurate modeling of core-type distribution transformers for electromagnetic transient studies", and key words: Electromagnetic modeling, Transformer cores, Frequency, Eddy currents, Skin effect, Capacitance, Electromagnetic transients, Electromagnetic measurements, Circuit faults, Lightning. Abstract: The author believed that the original authors should be commended for their interesting paper on transformer modeling (see ibid., vol.17, p.969-76, 2002). He stated how they had proposed an electromagnetic (EM) transients model with parameters determined by measurements. The model was intended to describe the transformer's behavior at the high frequencies of lightning surges and of particular interest was the transferred voltage from primary to secondary. Therefore, he argued that the authors could properly neglect the effects due to core saturation and hysteresis without introducing large errors. The original authors' response to this discussion is presented as closure. |
16,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband characterization of miniaturized on-chip differential circuits using G-S-G probe, and key words: Probes, Circuit testing, Filters, Connectors, Electronic equipment testing, Circuit noise, Distributed parameter circuits, Radio frequency, Coaxial components, Mutual coupling. Abstract: An approach is presented to characterize on-chip differential coplanar-strip-line (CPS) test circuits using G-S-G probes. This probe convert signal from either a coaxial connector or waveguide into the test circuit under test to achieve impedance matching and field pattern matching. With a symmetric duplicate of the test circuit in shunt connection, the circuit can be characterized over a wide frequency range. This method is especially effective to miniaturized circuits. A 40-GHz silicon-based filter is employed for demonstration. |
16,874 | Please write an abstract with title: Web metasearching for mobile environment using Metaria, and key words: Metasearch, Costs, Mobile computing, Adaptive systems, Information retrieval, Bandwidth, Delay, Error analysis, Search engines, History. Abstract: We describe the development of Metaria, a Web metasearch engine designed to provide flexible and adaptive Web metasearching in mobile environments. Metaria employs an adaptive Web proxy system that allows more efficient metasearching and allows users to specify their information needs in detail, reducing the excessive cost of retrieving irrelevant data and metasearch results. By automatically detecting the capabilities and the contextual information of client devices, Metaria can also reformat the presentation of metasearch results to best suit the limitations of the client devices or the user's preferences. It can further improve the efficiency of metasearching by automatically transferring the metasearch results to clients. |
16,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Lane-Level Map Building via Vehicle-Based Crowdsourcing, and key words: Trajectory, Global Positioning System, Roads, Crowdsourcing, Task analysis, Data mining, Laser radar. Abstract: By providing rich context of lane information on roads, lane-level maps play a vital role in intelligent transportation systems. Since Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have been widely applied to vehicles, vehicle-based crowdsourcing offers an economical way to the lane-level map building by collecting and analyzing the GPS trajectories of vehicles. However, existing works cannot directly extract lane-level road information from raw and interleaved crowdsourcing trajectories, and moreover they are time-consuming and inaccurate. In this article, we propose a lane-level map building scheme, which can directly extract lane-level road information from raw crowdsourcing GPS trajectories with both efficiency and accuracy improvement. Consider the global similarity between trajectories, we design an efficient trajectory segmentation and clustering algorithm based on improved discrete Fréchet distance and entropy theory, which can directly and accurately deal with the interleaved and messy trajectories. To improve the efficiency, we employ the Least Square Estimate (LSE) to constrain Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and design an efficient and accurate lane-level road information extraction algorithm. Comprehensive comparative experiments and performance evaluation on a real-world trajectory dataset show that the proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art works in terms of both efficiency and accuracy. |
16,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Recurrent Neural Network Channel Estimation Using Measured Massive MIMO Data, and key words: Channel estimation, MIMO communication, Antenna measurements, Coherence, Microprocessors, Computer architecture, Estimation. Abstract: In this work, we develop a novel channel estimation method using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed framework alleviates the need for channel-state-information (CSI) feedback and pilot assignment through exploiting the inherent time and frequency correlations in practical propagation environments. We carry out the analysis using empirical MIMO channel measurements between a 64T64R active antenna system and a state-of-the-art multi-antenna scanner for both mobile and stationary use-cases. We also capture and analyze similar MIMO channel data from a legacy 2T2R base station (BS) for comparison purposes. Our findings confirm the applicability of utilising the proposed RNN-based massive MIMO channel acquisition scheme particularly for channels with long time coherence and hardening effects. In our practical setup, the proposed method reduced the number of pilots used by 25%. |
16,877 | Please write an abstract with title: High and Low Impulsive Buying in Social Commerce: A SPAR-4-SLR and fsQCA Approach, and key words: Business, Social networking (online), Web 2.0, Electronic commerce, Collaboration, Protocols, Bibliographies. Abstract: Academic research exploring the phenomenon of impulsive buying using s-commerce platforms is scarce. Little is known about the factors and their prominence in shaping impulsive buying on s-commerce platforms. Current research explored this unexplored terrain by employing a two study research design. Using scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR), study 1 identified 24 factors in four categories (social characteristics of the s-commerce platform, features of the s-commerce platform, social shoppers’ psychographic characteristics, and marketers induced factors) shaping impulsive buying tendency of social buyers. Employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, study 2 identified 12 among 24 factors as the differentiators for high and low impulsive buying. By identifying the factors and the differentiators, this study significantly advance the limited understanding of impulsive buying using s-commerce platforms. Focusing on the differentiators, brands and s-commerce firms can significantly enhance their business. |
16,878 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automated Cardiac Ventricle Segmentation on CMR Images Using Grey-Level Mask R-CNN, and key words: Heart, Training, Image segmentation, Pathology, Transfer learning, Myocardium, Gray-scale. Abstract: Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological change in the progress of modern heart disease. It is mainly characterized by dysregulation or marked increase of collagen volume in myocardial components. The physiological mechanism of fibrosis in different pathologies is very diverse. It has been proved that the use of MRI for the detection of heart failure patients can provide accurate measurements of left ventricle and right ventricle and assessment of myocardial function, but the accurate segmentation of myocardial contour is still an important prerequisite for the detection of fibrosis. This study uses Mask R-CNN on the ACDC challenge Database to repeatedly adjust the characteristics of the boundary of the Bounding box, and separately divided the left ventricular area and the right ventricular area. The proposed method can achieve up to 95% hit rate with 0.89 IoU. |
16,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Cognitive testing environment for people with disabilities based on virtual reality and EEG devices, and key words: Wireless communication, Training, Head, Electronic learning, Virtual environments, Input devices, Electroencephalography. Abstract: This paper describes the preparatory steps as well as the course of the cognitive abilities test experiment in a virtual environment using EEG devices. The experiment bring us to understanding how a VR experience, in a gamified form, may improve our visuospatial cognitive functions. The experiment consists of a cognitive tests and a training part. Preparatory application has been developed for these tests phase and several different types of EEG devices (from simple to professional) have been used. The article also provides a simplified description of the entire test procedure. The selection of usable EEG devices was aimed both at ensuring a quality testing process but also at answering the question of the possibility of using cheaper solutions. In this case, the use of described solution (hardware and software) was evaluated as sufficient. |
16,880 | Please write an abstract with title: Directional coupler composed of CoFeB metallic magnetic film/polyimide dielectric film hybrid transmission line, and key words: Directional couplers, Magnetic films, Polyimides, Dielectric films, Transmission lines, Dielectric thin films, Thin film devices, Magnetic devices, Dielectric devices, Sandwich structures. Abstract: This paper describes a novel thin film type directional coupler using magnetic/dielectric hybrid transmission line device. The hybrid transmission line with a dielectric/magnetic/dielectric sandwich structure has a large effect of wavelength shortening. As a result of signal characteristics evaluation, the directivity of the signal in the device was higher than 18 dB, and insertion loss was less than 0.6 dB at the operating frequency of 0.8/spl sim/2 GHz of the cellular phones. |
16,881 | Please write an abstract with title: Pulsed Characterization Of X-band GaAs DDR INPATT Diodes, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Diodes, Pulse measurements, Impedance measurement, Pulse amplifiers, Radio frequency, Time measurement, Fixtures, Power measurement, Phase measurement. Abstract: A method, and the resulting data, for measurement of transient impedance behavior of pulsed X-band GaAs IMPATT diodes is described. |
16,882 | Please write an abstract with title: Scheduling of the distributed thread abstraction with timing constraints using RTSJ, and key words: Yarn, Timing, Java, Real time systems, Automation, Scheduling algorithm, Predictive models, Resource management, Distributed processing, Employment. Abstract: In this paper we propose a system architecture that supports end-to-end scheduling of the distributed real-time thread abstraction. The real-time specification for Java (RTSJ) is used for the implementation of distributed real-time threads. By using simulations, we conclude that the proposed architecture is flexible enough to accommodate different scheduling algorithms |
16,883 | Please write an abstract with title: The Effect of War on Land Use Dynamics in Mosul Iraq Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, and key words: Support vector machines, Earth, Satellites, Artificial satellites, Urban areas, Sensors, Remote sensing. Abstract: This study aims to assess the impact of war on the natural environment of Mosul, Iraq. To achieve that, remote sensing (RS) data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were employed to identify and relate surface changes based on data from Landsat satellite images and maps. A couple of satellite imageries of 2003 and 2016 were acquired, processed, and analyzed. To evaluate the consequence of the war in the study area, a comparison was made via studying the prewar and post-war datasets of 2003 and 2016, respectively. Furthermore, the support vector machine learning (SVM), which is a supervised classification method was adopted for the classification of the land use and the rate of change was derived from the Landsat images (2003 and 2016). Also, testing of the classified images by ground control points (GCPs) provided 91.53% and 94.36% overall accuracies for 2003 and 2016 respectively. Findings show that the maximum change occurred in the agriculture area, which had decreased by 18%, followed by an urban area with 7%, which was converted to bare land with 44% in 2016. The increase in bare land is a sign of the consequence of the war on the existing land use and the destruction of the existing agricultural area. The approach highlights the capability of spatial technologies in the study and the evaluation of the impact of war on the land environment in 2003 and 2016. |
16,884 | Please write an abstract with title: QCA physical design with crossing minimization, and key words: Quantum cellular automata, Minimization, Wire, Circuits, Quantum dots, Distributed computing, Quantum computing, Electrons, Chemicals, Manufacturing. Abstract: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a novel computing mechanism that can represent binary information based on spatial distribution of electron charge configuration in chemical molecules. QCA circuit layout is currently restricted to a single layer with very limited number of wire crossing permitted. Thus, wire crossing minimization is crucial in improving the manufacturability of QCA circuits. The focus of this paper is to develop the first QCA physical design algorithms for wire crossing minimization. |
16,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical model and characterization of small-geometry buried-channel depletion MOSFETs, and key words: Analytical models, Voltage, Educational institutions, MOSFET circuits, Impurities, Electron devices, Design automation, Dielectric substrates, Dielectric constant, Mathematics. Abstract: Small-geometry buried-channel depletion MOSFETs (BCD-MOSFETs) are characterized based on an analytical model that includes short-channel, narrow-channel, and carrier-velocity saturation effects. The drain current is calculated based on the surface electrons induced by the gate-bias voltage and the buried-channel junction FET. The narrow-channel effect is modeled not only by the additional depletion-layer charges created by a fringing-field effect in the field region, but also by the effective channel width as a function of gate-bias voltage. Surface-electron mobility is modeled as a function of the vertical and lateral electrical fields created by the gate-bias and drain voltages, while bulk-electron mobility is described as a function of the lateral electric field due to the drain voltage. Theoretical results on drain current are in good agreement with experimental results. |
16,886 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Complexity of Disaster-Aware Network Extension Problems, and key words: Costs, Network topology, Conferences, Computational modeling, Mathematical models, Hazards, Complexity theory. Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the complexity of problems related to finding cost-efficient, disaster-aware cable routes. In particular, we compare two very different versions of the problem. In the first version, only the worst-case scenarios are considered, while in the second, the probability of the disasters is also known, and the aim is to find the most cost-efficient solution in terms of investment cost and risk of a network outage. Worstcase computations allow using efficient computational geometry algorithms, and even large networks can be analyzed. On the other hand, to find the cost-efficient soltuion, a lot of empirical hazard data must be processed, and heavy algorithms must be used. In this paper, we study the benefits and drawbacks of each model. In particular, we define multiple versions of the problem and investigate their complexity. |
16,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms for Calculating the Structural Reliability of a Mobile Communication System, and key words: Information science, Mobile communication, Communications technology, Reliability. Abstract: In this study, algorithms for calculating the structural reliability of the mobile communication system were developed and the results of calculations were presented. At the same time, the calculation of the structural reliability of the situation centers of mobile communication stations in the center and outside the center was carried out. |
16,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessing the Impact of Heterogeneous Traffic on Highways via Agent-Based Simulations, and key words: Road transportation, Agent-based modeling, Safety, Automobiles, Accidents, Vehicles. Abstract: Rules that govern highways are very different across countries. For instance, in the USA, most of the highway traffic is comprised of cars and trucks; whereas in India, there are more types of vehicles that use the highway. Each vehicle type has its characteristics and capabilities, thus causing variation in driver preferences, especially the preferred-speed. We investigate if this heterogeneity leads to an increase in the number of lane changes, which could potentially lead to an increase in accidents. We use Agent-Based Modeling to compare the interaction between vehicles in two simulations, one representative of the traffic in the USA and the second representative of traffic in India. The results show that increased heterogeneity in vehicle types causes a significant increase in the number of lane changes. These results have broader implications for traffic policy-making and bring into focus the need for minimum-speed limits and dedicated lanes for slower vehicles. |
16,889 | Please write an abstract with title: A semantic-serializability based fully-distributed concurrency control mechanism for mobile multi-database systems, and key words: Concurrency control, Mobile computing, Mobile ad hoc networks, Transaction databases, Concurrent computing, Database systems, Satellite broadcasting, Computer science, Electronic mail, Computer networks. Abstract: The nodes of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) represent mobile computers in which database systems (DBSs) may reside. In such an environment, we may have a mobile multidatabase system (mobile MDBS), i.e., a collection of autonomous, distributed, heterogeneous and mobile DBSs, where each mobile computer can access multiple DBSs of that collection by means of global transactions. In this paper we propose SESAMO, which is a concurrency control mechanism that does not require that a single mobile host (a node in MANET) plays the role of the centralized coordinator for all global transactions executed in the mobile MDBS. Moreover, SESAMO allows that subtransactions commit independently of the commitment of their respective global transactions, since it is based on the semantic serializability, which relaxes global serializability. |
16,890 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible Resource Optimization for GEO Multibeam Satellite Communication System, and key words: Resource management, Satellites, Interference, Optimization, Bandwidth, Satellite broadcasting, Radio spectrum management. Abstract: Conventional GEO satellite communication systems rely on a multibeam foot-print with a uniform resource allocation to provide connectivity to users. However, applying uniform resource allocation is inefficient in presence of non-uniform demand distribution. To overcome this limitation, the next generation of broadband GEO satellite systems will enable flexibility in terms of power and bandwidth assignment, enabling on-demand resource allocation. In this paper, we propose a novel satellite resource assignment design whose goal is to satisfy the beam traffic demand by making use of the minimum transmit power and utilized bandwidth. The motivation behind the proposed design is to maximize the satellite spectrum utilization by pushing the spectrum reuse to affordable limits in terms of tolerable interference. The proposed problem formulation results in a non-convex optimization structure, for which we propose an efficient tractable solution. We validate the proposed method with extensive numerical results, which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach with respect to benchmark schemes. |
16,891 | Please write an abstract with title: Speaker recognition based on dynamic time warping and Gaussian mixture model, and key words: Speaker recognition, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Training, Mel frequency cepstral coefficient, Gaussian mixture model. Abstract: At present, most of the speaker recognition models are based on the MFCC cepstrum feature of the mixture Gaussian model, because MFCC represents the speaker's voice characteristics, but the voice between different speakers is easy to be imitated. In view of this, this paper adds the pitch period to this model, and uses the combination of the two for speaker recognition. The pitch period contains the voice frequency structure information. Although it will be affected by the speaker's health, it is not easy to be imitated. At the same time, in view of the slow recognition speed caused by the conventional direct de mixing of Gaussian mixture model, this paper first uses DTW to calculate the shortest distance of pitch period between speech samples, and then uses GMM to calculate the maximum likelihood probability of distribution of test samples in the first few training samples with small scores. Through the experimental analysis, it can be seen that the speaker recognition model combined with DTW and GMM can improve the recognition speed. The accuracy and the reduction of recognition time are significant. |
16,892 | Please write an abstract with title: IP-based access networks for broadband multimedia services, and key words: Resource management, Circuits, Quality of service, Technology management, Copper, Asynchronous transfer mode, Bandwidth, ISDN, Web and internet services, Telecommunications. Abstract: The increasing demands of new services and applications are pushing for drastic changes in the design of access networks for residential and SOHO users. Future access networks will provide full service integration, resource sharing at the packet level, and QoS support. It is expected that using IP as the base technology, the ideal plug-and-play scenario, where the management actions of the access network operator are kept to a minimum, will be achieved easily. In this article we start by giving a historical perspective of the evolution of access networks. We then describe an IP-based architecture targeted for integrated support of broadband multimedia services, designed to be low-cost and easily manageable. We illustrate the different phases of a multimedia Internet access session, when using SIP for session initiation, COPS and DIAMETER for QoS policy management, and AAA and RSVP for resource reservation. |
16,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Epitaxial growth and magnetic anisotropy of electrodeposited Ni and Co thin films grown on n-type GaAs, and key words: Epitaxial growth, Magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic films, Gallium arsenide, Semiconductor films, Semiconductor thin films, Fabrication, Magnetic sensors, Temperature sensors, Substrates. Abstract: Summary form only given. Ferromagnetic films on semiconductors can be used in the fabrication of magnetic sensors, memories, and novel devices based on spin-dependent transport phenomena. Electrochemical deposition offers some advantages with respect to UHV techniques for the growth of these structures, such as the low temperature processing, which can limit the interdiffusion between the film and substrate, thus creating well defined interfaces. We have studied the electrochemical growth and magnetic anisotropy of Ni and Co on [001]- and [011]-oriented n-GaAs. |
16,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Constrained Relay Node Deployment in Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Health Monitoring, and key words: Structural health monitoring, Wireless Sensor Network, Constrained Relay Node Deployment, two-tiered topology, Steiner tree. Abstract: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is implemented to monitor and prevent performance degradation or failure for structures (e.g., equipment, bridge). Compared with the traditional wired system, Wireless sensor network (WSN) has attracted more attention in SHM systems for its convenience and expandability, etc. Meanwhile, WSNs with two-tiered topology can extend the life of sensors, and are usually deployed in SHM applications. However, the common non-uniform structure distribution and metal-rich feature in structures cause the error-prone or even invalid data transmission, and thus constrain the deployable location of the WSN, and make the WSN deployment a daunting engineering challenge. In this paper, we propose a solution to deploy WSN at strategic locations to achieve the reliable connection of preset sensor positions on structures. In our solution, the restricted location is classified, and the shortest path search method and the Steiner approximation algorithm are combined to optimize the topology path of the WSN. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution through simulations on a physical structure of quayside crane. |
16,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Decision-Making Patterns in the Context of Manned-Unmanned Teaming, and key words: Training, Decision making, Helicopters, Feature extraction, Data models, Behavioral sciences, Time factors. Abstract: Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) is an ensemble of manned and unmanned vehicles operating as a team to achieve the same set of goals. Such teaming is highly beneficial, notably in overcoming the limits of direct communication link to the unmanned vehicles, as well as in enhancing capabilities of a manned vehicle by leveraging multiple accompanying unmanned vehicles. However, this can in times overstrain the command and control capacity of the human operator(s) on board of the manned vehicle(s), unless if the unmanned vehicles possess some “understanding” of the human operators’ decision-making behaviors, in which case, they can act like real “team players” to proactively support the manned vehicle, instead of waiting passively for successive commands. In this study, we investigate the possibility of learning decision-making behaviors of a human operator on board of a manned vehicle in charge of commanding multiple accompanying unmanned vehicles. We base our investigation on a rescue mission involving a manned helicopter and several unmanned aerial vehicles to collect training and validation data using software-in-the-loop simulations. By extracting meaningful features and by performing a clustering on the features on the training dataset, we validate and analyze the learned pattern of commanding the unmanned vehicles. |
16,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility of an ultra-high-speed Josephson multiplier, and key words: Niobium, Delay estimation, Josephson junctions, Wiring, Fabrication, Logic design, Logic circuits, Resistors, Insulation, Propagation delay. Abstract: The authors discuss the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a Josephson multiplier model featuring all-niobium junctions. They designed a 16-bit /spl times/ 16-bit parallel multiplier and fabricated its critical path model consisting of 828 gates. The circuit was designed using modified variable threshold logic (MVTL) OR-gates and single-junction AND gates. These gates consisted of Nb/AlO/SUB x//Nb Josephson junctions, Nb wiring, Mo resistors, and SiO/SUB 2/ insulators. Both the minimum linewidth and junction diameter were 2.5 /spl mu/m. The observed multiplication time using the critical path model was 1.1 ns. The propagation delay due to the interconnecting wiring was estimated to be 0.20 ns, and the longest path of the circuit consisted of 103 gates. Thus the average gate delay in the circuit was estimated to be 8.7 ps/gate. These results point to the possibility of an ultra high-speed multiplier, about five times faster than any semiconductor device. |
16,897 | Please write an abstract with title: ImpAPTr: A Tool For Identifying The Clues To Online Service Anomalies, and key words: Urban areas, Tools, Software systems, Rendering (computer graphics), Online services, Business, Software engineering. Abstract: As a common IT infrastructure, APM (Application Performance Management) systems have been widely adopted to monitor call requests to an on-line service. Usually, each request may contain multi-dimensional attributes (e.g., City, ISP, Platform, etc.), which may become the reason for a certain anomaly regarding DSR (De-clining Success Rate) of service calls either solely or as a combination. Moreover, each attribute may also have multiple values (e.g., ISP could be T-Mobile, Vodafone, CMCC, etc.), rendering intricate root causes and huge challenges to identify the root causes. In this paper, we propose a prototype tool, ImpAPTr (Impact Analysis based on Pruning Tree), to identify the combination of dimensional attributes as the clues to dig out the root causes of anomalies regarding DSR of a service call in a timely manner. ImpAPTr has been evaluated in MeiTuan, one of the biggest on-line service providers. Performance regarding the accuracy outperforms several previous tools in the same field. |
16,898 | Please write an abstract with title: Pt/C intermediate layer for Co-Cr perpendicular magnetic recording media with extremely high resolution, and key words: Perpendicular magnetic recording, Magnetic films, Soft magnetic materials, Magnetic properties, Grain size, Magnetic recording, Giant magnetoresistance, Magnetic heads, Crystallography, Platinum. Abstract: A new type of intermediate layer was proposed to control a storage layer growth for obtaining high areal density in a double-layered perpendicular magnetic recording medium. Introduction of the new intermediate layer (Pt/C film) between a soft magnetic back layer and a storage layer improves magnetic property of the storage layer. The intermediate layer can reduce the initial growing layer thickness of the storage layer by hetero-epitaxial growth. A reproduced signal at an extremely high linear density of 1235 kFRPI has been confirmed by a giant magnetoresistive head with track width of 250 nm and shield gap length of 92 nm. A very sharp transition width, a half step height T/sub 50/, of 32.7 nm was also obtained. |
16,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Least Mean Squares Channel Estimation for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, and key words: Channel estimation, Convergence, NOMA, Signal to noise ratio, Signal processing algorithms, Cost function, Downlink. Abstract: This paper presents a Least Mean Squares (LMS)-based channel estimation approach for a two-user downlink single-input-single-output non-orthogonal multiple access (SISO-NOMA) system. The proposed techniques consider a pilot aided scenario in which training data is partially known at each user's receiver. Two LMS-based algorithms are adopted in providing an estimate of a flat fading Rayleigh channel with a Jake's Doppler spectrum. The first algorithm is a stochastic gradient descent method adapted with a constant step-size, while the second algorithm is a self-adaptive stochastic gradient descent method. Performance for both algorithms is assessed through simulation. Convergence characteristics of both algorithms are presented and compared (different stepsizes for the first algorithm); then the mean-squared error (MSE) evaluated for each step-size is presented. For the second algorithm, we present the convergence characteristics and then compare the MSE behavior of each algorithm in varying signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) conditions. For sufficiently low values of step-sizes, algorithm 2 outperforms algorithm 1 (values below 0.005). For higher step-size values, algorithm 1 shows better performance. The convergence of the algorithm for the user that has been allocated higher power is shown to have a higher speed relative to the user with a lower power ratio allocation. |
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