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16,900 | Please write an abstract with title: Tunable WDM filter with 0.8-nm channel spacing using a pair of long-period fiber gratings, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Channel spacing, Fiber gratings, Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber filters, Optical fiber devices, Laser tuning, Optical fibers, Capacitive sensors, Refractive index. Abstract: A strain-tuned wavelength-division-multiplexing filter with 0.8-nm channel spacing has been demonstrated by using a pair of long-period optical fiber gratings. The response of a transmission spectrum to applied axial strain is studied theoretically and experimentally. A large operation bandwidth of over 20 nm and a linear tuning rate of -0.6 pm/μ/spl epsiv/ within a near 3-nm range have been achieved. |
16,901 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer Society Offers Full Slate of Programs in 2006, and key words: IEEE Computer Society, technical conferences. Abstract: To promote the active exchange of information, ideas, and technological innovation, the IEEE Computer Society sponsors a full spectrum of conferences, publications, local and student chapters, a distance learning campus, and numerous technical committees and standards working groups. |
16,902 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear analysis of a Colpitts injection-locked frequency divider, and key words: Frequency conversion, Voltage, Analytical models, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Frequency synthesizers, Radio frequency, Circuits, Output feedback, Laboratories, MOSFETs. Abstract: An analysis of an injection-locked divide-by-N Colpitts frequency divider is proposed. An analytical model for fundamental locking and intermodulation (or superharmonic) locking (divide-by-2 operation) is derived based on Bessel functions to account for the exponential nonlinearity existing inside the divider. The analytical model matches the simulation results obtained from a BJT implementation. The proposed method can be extended to CMOS implementation utilizing MOS transistors operating in the weak-inversion region. |
16,903 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind Decomposition of Multispectral Document Images Using Orthogonal Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, and key words: Manifolds, Optimization, Data models, Matrix decomposition, Task analysis, Image segmentation, Image analysis. Abstract: This paper addresses the challenge of Multispectral (MS) document image segmentation, which is an essential step for subsequent document image analysis. Most previous studies have focused only on binary (text/non-text) separation. They also rely on handcrafted features and techniques dedicated to conventional images that do not take advantage of MS images' spectral richness. In this work, we reformulate this task as a source separation problem, whereby we target the blind decomposition of entire MS document images via a new orthogonal nonnegative matrix factorization (ONMF). On the one hand, we incorporate orthogonality constraint as a Riemannian optimization on the Stiefel manifold. On the other hand, based on which factor we impose the orthogonality constraint, i.e., either on the endmember matrix, abundance matrix, or both, we propose three ONMF models to investigate this issue and determine which model is more suitable for this study. Minimizing the three models subject to nonnegativity and orthogonality constraints simultaneously is very challenging. Therefore, we extend the alternating direction method of multipliers scheme to solve them. We evaluated our models on synthetic Hyperspectral (HS) images and real-world MS document images. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed models and demonstrate their generalization power compared to state-of-the-art techniques. |
16,904 | Please write an abstract with title: A Quantum Chaotic Image Cryptosystem and Its Application in IoT Secure Communication, and key words: Cryptography, Encryption, Chaotic communication, Security, Chaos, Internet of Things, Resists. Abstract: In the Internet of Things environment, the secure transmission of digital images has attracted much attention. To improve the confidentiality, we propose an image cryptosystem adopting a quantum chaotic map and the certain security-enhanced mechanisms. Firstly, we use the good random characteristics of quantum chaotic sequences to enhance security performance. Then, we introduce a plaintext correlation mechanism and a diffusion-permutation-diffusion structure in the cryptosystem. Finally, we verify the cryptosystem on a common secure communication platform. The theoretical and statistical analysis results demonstrate that the cryptosystem has excellent performance and can resist various cryptographic attacks. Moreover, feasibility and effectiveness of the image cryptosystem are verified on the Internet of Things secure communication experimental platform. It proves that the proposed image cryptosystem is a preferred and promising secure communication technology solution. |
16,905 | Please write an abstract with title: Competition Between Service Providers With Strategic Resource Allocation: Application to Network Slicing, and key words: Indium phosphide, III-V semiconductor materials, Resource management, Proposals, Games, Network slicing, Microprocessors. Abstract: We propose and analyze a business model for a set of operators that use the same physical network. Each operator is entitled to a share of a network operated by an Infrastructure Provider (InP) and uses network slicing mechanisms to request network resources as needed for service provision. The network operators become Network Slice Tenants (NSTs). The InP performs the resource allocation based on a vector of weights chosen selfishly by each NST. The weights distribute the NST's share of resources between its subscribers in each cell. We model this relationship as a game propose a solution for the Nash equilibrium in which each NST chooses weights equal to the product of its share by the ratio between the total number of subscribers in the cell and the total number of subscribers in the network. We characterize the proposed solution in terms of subscription ratios and fractions of subscribers, for different cell capacities and user sensitivities. The proposed solution provides the exact values for the Nash equilibrium if the cells are homogeneous in terms of normalized capacity, which is a measure of the total amount of resources available in the cell. Otherwise, if the cells are heterogeneous, it provides an accurate approximation. We quantify the deviation from the equilibrium and conclude that it is highly accurate. |
16,906 | Please write an abstract with title: Landau-level radiation in current-injected monolayer graphene, and key words: Magnetic field measurement, Current measurement, Graphene, Magnetic fields, Dispersion. Abstract: Monolayer graphene has a gapless and linear dispersion. Thanks to this unique dispersion, monolayer graphene has unequally Landau levels (LLs) and an extra LL at the charge neutral point. In this paper, we investigated the spectrum of infrared radiation from current-injected graphene under high magnetic fields. The experimental results indicate that infrared radiation is attributed to the inter-LL radiative transition with a narrower linewidth than expected from magnetotransport measurements. |
16,907 | Please write an abstract with title: Reward Structures for Prosumers Participating in Virtual Power Plants, and key words: Analytical models, Statistical analysis, Simulation, Asia, Tariffs, Focusing, Virtual power plants. Abstract: The emergence of prosumers, end-users equipped with distributed energy resources (DERs) poses a challenge to secure power system operation. A possible solution is to aggregate prosumers into virtual power plants (VPPs), which raises the question of financial reward structures to support prosumers participating in VPPs. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes a novel approach based on the shadow price associated with the power balance constraints of the optimisation problem for VPP aggregation. We focus on three different VPP models that differ in how they treat prosumer individual preferences. Case studies demonstrate differences between different VPP models and highlight the importance of advancing the understanding of reward structures in the context of VPPs. |
16,908 | Please write an abstract with title: P-i-n Diode Based Electronically Steerable Transmitarrays for SOTM at Ka-Band, and key words: Polarization, Satellite antennas, Satellites, Transmitting antennas, Bandwidth, Switches, P-i-n diodes. Abstract: In this contribution, we present a preliminary assessment of the capabilities of electronically steerable transmitarray antennas (TAs) for Ka-band satellite communications, with emphasis on SatCom-on-the-move (SOTM) up-link terminals. These studies build on a novel linearly-polarized four-state (2-bit) unit cell (UC) comprising four p-i-n diodes. The enhanced phase resolution allows one to increase the directivity by 2.5 dB with respect to state-of-the-art 1-bit TA designs and to reduce the sidelobe levels (SLLs). Several configurations based on a $50 \times 50-$ element transmitarray are analyzed to show the design trade-offs in terms of gain, bandwidth, scanning performance and antenna size, in the case of linear polarization. The achieved gain patterns are also compared to stringent radiation envelopes defined by regulations for SOTM. Switchable circular polarization is demonstrated combining two sets of unit cells radiating orthogonal linear polarizations. In this case, as per simulations, the -3-dB gain bandwidth spans from 28 GHz to 31 GHz, with peak gain of 31.3 dBiC at broadside. |
16,909 | Please write an abstract with title: Consistent Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Control for Second Order Multi-Agent Systems, and key words: actuator faults, fault-tolerant consensus, sliding mode control, MAS. Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of fault-tolerant consensus control of leader-following non-linear multi-agent systems (MAS) subject to actuator faults. Based on the relative states of neighbors, the consensus error dynamic is given. Then, a sliding mode surface based on consensus errors is proposed and the stability of the states on the sliding mode surface is proved by using Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, a sliding mode fault-tolerant consensus protocol is proposed to compensate the actuator faults. According to the sliding mode control theory the new proposed sliding mode fault-tolerant controller ensures that the consensus of MAS can be reached in finite time. Finally, an example of leader-following multi-robot systems is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. |
16,910 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligent Algorithms Based Depression Detection System, and key words: Support vector machines, Visualization, Databases, Simulation, Training data, Depression, Encoding. Abstract: Most psychiatrists feel that facial behavior during depression differs from the facial action when not depressed, and so the behavior of an individual face can be used as a reliable sign for detecting depression. The visual depression diagnosis system (VDD) builds dependencies on cost-effective and changeable facial expressions. Within current work; the VDD system is developed to extract facial features using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The main idea of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is to clarify the whole face action using Action Units (AUs), Each AU is associated with the activation of a separate or possibly additional facial muscle. 6 AUs have been used as depressive features; these are AUs 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 12. The database used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme was acquired for 125 persons (thirty males, ninety-five females), the majority of whom were between the ages of 17 and 60. At the end of the current system, six different classification approaches were used; these classifier machine learnings were KNN, linear SVM, LDA, ENSEMBLE, GMM, and PCA. The simulation results show that the best results are obtained using the KNN, Linear SVM, and LDA algorithms, with an 85 percent success rate. The main contributions of this research include new different classifiers in the VDD system, the collection of genuine databases that are used to calculate the execution of each other VDD system depending on the action of the face, and the selection of suitable face aspects. |
16,911 | Please write an abstract with title: Context-Aware Generation-Based Net For Multi-Label Visual Emotion Recognition, and key words: Emotion recognition, Task analysis, Visualization, Training, Psychology, Decoding, Correlation. Abstract: Visual Emotion Recognition has attracted more and more research attention in recent years. Existing approaches mainly depend on facial expression or analyze the whole image between positive and negative. Actually, people can recognize multiple emotions from one image based on global and 10-cal information. In this paper, we propose a Context-Aware Generation-Based Net (CAGBN), a novel architecture that makes full use of global and local information of the image by considering both the whole image and details of the target person. Inspired by psychological studies that when viewing a person in his situation, we tend to give judgments gradually rather than assign all labels at the same time, CAGBN transforms the multi-label classification problem into a sequence generation task for better recognition. Extensive experimental results on the emotion recognition dataset demonstrate the superiority and rationality of CAGBN. |
16,912 | Please write an abstract with title: Research-based learning to attract students to control engineering, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Knowledge engineering, Computer languages, Control engineering, Mechatronics, Automation, Conferences. Abstract: Despite being fundamental in the degree of Mechatronics Engineering, the Control Engineering course is one of the most complicated to understand for a student. Contrary to control engineering, Automation is attractive due to the degree of practical application it has. This paper presents an approach to Research-Based Learning technique that can help solve this problem by combining these two areas. In particular, the control technique called Fuzzy Logic Control FLC is studied. This tool, which has proven to be a powerful methodology for designing and analyzing control systems, is implemented in a PLC Programmable Logic Controller using a Text Structure language. This learning by discovery and knowledge construction will allow the student to approach the research area and especially the Control Engineering discipline. |
16,913 | Please write an abstract with title: On integrating fluid models with packet simulation, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Computational modeling, Protocols, Computer science, IP networks, Discrete event simulation, Internet, Wireless networks, Wide area networks. Abstract: Fluid models have been shown to he efficient and accurate in modelling large IP networks. However, unlike packet models, it is difficult to extract packet-level information from them. In this paper, we present a hybrid simulation method that maintains the performance advantage of fluid models while providing detailed packet level information for selected packet traffic flows. We propose two models to account for the interaction between background TCP traffic in a fluid network and foreground packet traffic of interest. The first assumes that the packet traffic poses a negligible load on the fluid network whereas the second accounts for the added load by transforming the packet traffic into fluid flows and solving the resulting enhanced fluid model. The first of these yields an efficient one pass solution algorithm whereas the second requires an additional pass to account for the packet traffic load. We establish the correctness of both approaches and present their implementation within ns-2. Comparisons between the hybrid models and a classical packet simulation show the two pass approach to be quite accurate and computationally efficient. |
16,914 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Scheme for Cell-free Massive MIMO with Radio Stripes, and key words: Degradation, 6G mobile communication, Conferences, Simulation, Loading, Massive MIMO, Complexity theory. Abstract: To fulfill challenging requirements of 6G, cell- free massive MIMO can be used to provide ubiquitous connectivity for multiple users. There are two kinds of cell-free schemes: centralized and distributed. Centralized schemes suffer from high fronthaul loading, while distributed schemes have some performance degradation. This paper proposes a cooperative scheme to avoid these drawbacks. Unlike conventional schemes, the proposed scheme employs a spatial combining jointly using access points and central processing unit. A novel cooperative regularized zero-forcing (C-RZF) algorithm is employed, which derives from minimum-meansquare-error processing. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to gain a performance close to centralized MMSE using a fronthaul cost as low as simple distributed schemes, which makes it very suitable for practical implementations. |
16,915 | Please write an abstract with title: Signal-strength based localization in wireless fading channels, and key words: Fading, Rayleigh channels, Maximum likelihood estimation, Radio frequency, Wireless sensor networks, Acoustic measurements, Shadow mapping, Cellular networks, Attenuation, Position measurement. Abstract: We develop maximum likelihood (ML) methods for location estimation using spatio-temporal received-signal-strength (RSS) measurements in wireless fading channels. Fading and composite fading-shadowing scenarios with completely unknown and partially known source signals are considered. We adopt gamma (Nakagami-m) and lognormal models to describe fading and shadowing effects, respectively. We also derive Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) for the location parameters and discuss initialization of the proposed algorithms. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of our estimators. |
16,916 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning and Optimization with Bayesian Hybrid Models, and key words: Bayes methods, Computational modeling, Data models, Physics, Uncertainty, Mathematical model, Training data. Abstract: Bayesian hybrid models fuse physics-based insights with machine learning constructs to correct for systematic bias. In this paper, we compare Bayesian hybrid models against physics-based glass-box and Gaussian process black-box surrogate models. We consider ballistic firing as an illustrative case study for a Bayesian decision-making workflow. First, Bayesian calibration is performed to estimate model parameters. We then use the posterior distribution from Bayesian analysis to compute optimal firing conditions to hit a target via a single-stage stochastic program. The case study demonstrates the ability of Bayesian hybrid models to overcome systematic bias from missing physics with fewer data than the pure machine learning approach. Ultimately, we argue Bayesian hybrid models are an emerging paradigm for data-informed decision-making under parametric and epistemic uncertainty. |
16,917 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated segmentation and tracking of cells in time-lapse microscopy using watershed and mean shift, and key words: Microscopy, Fluorescence, Image segmentation, Cancer, Level set, Drugs, Robustness, Surface topography, Laboratories, Multimedia computing. Abstract: In this paper, we present a new method combining watershed and mean shift for segmentation and tracking of cancer cell nuclei in time-lapse fluorescence. First, we apply the watershed algorithm to segment the cells in each frame of the video sequence, including clustered cells. Second, mean shift method is employed to track each cell in its cycle progression. The proposed method can automatically segment and track all cells without any manual initialization. Experimental result shows that our method can detect almost all the touching cells and track them successfully, especially in the case of cell mitosis which is a difficult task using traditional methods such as snake and level set. |
16,918 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Data Using Deep Learning: Early Detection of COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy, and key words: Anomaly detection, Machine learning, Spatial databases, Clustering algorithms, Diseases, Time series analysis, Data models. Abstract: Unsupervised anomaly detection for spatio-temporal data has extensive use in a wide variety of applications such as earth science, traffic monitoring, fraud and disease outbreak detection. Most real-world time series data have a spatial dimension as an additional context which is often expressed in terms of coordinates of the region of interest (such as latitude - longitude information). However, existing techniques are limited to handle spatial and temporal contextual attributes in an integrated and meaningful way considering both spatial and temporal dependency between observations. In this paper, a hybrid deep learning framework is proposed to solve the unsupervised anomaly detection problem in multivariate spatio-temporal data. The proposed framework works with unlabeled data and no prior knowledge about anomalies are assumed. As a case study, we use the public COVID-19 data provided by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. Northern Italy regions’ COVID-19 data are used to train the framework; and then any abnormal trends or upswings in COVID-19 data of central and southern Italian regions are detected. The proposed framework detects early signals of the COVID-19 outbreak in test regions based on the reconstruction error. For performance comparison, we perform a detailed evaluation of 15 algorithms on the COVID-19 Italy dataset including the state-of-the-art deep learning architectures. Experimental results show that our framework shows significant improvement on unsupervised anomaly detection performance even in data scarce and high contamination ratio scenarios (where the ratio of anomalies in the data set is more than 5%). It achieves the earliest detection of COVID-19 outbreak and shows better performance on tracking the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in test regions. As the timeliness of detection is quite important in the fight against any outbreak, our framework provides useful insight to suppress the resurgence of local novel coronavirus outbreaks as early as possible. |
16,919 | Please write an abstract with title: Engineering Management Society Chapter Chairs, and key words: Engineering Management Society, Chapters, Medical services, Central New England Council, India Council, Los Angeles Council, Mexico Council, Africa, Cities and towns. Abstract: Provides a listing of current society officers. |
16,920 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Finite-Time Control Scheme for Teleoperation With Time-Varying Delay and Uncertainties, and key words: Force, Robots, Uncertainty, Adaptation models, Delays, Adaptive control, Torque. Abstract: The communication time delay and uncertain models of robotic manipulators are the major problem in the teleoperation system, which can reduce the performance and stability of the system. This article proposed a novel finite-time adaptive control scheme for position and force tracking performances of the teleoperation system. First, a combined auxiliary error system with position and force tracking errors is designed. Second, a velocity feedback filter is introduced, and a new auxiliary variable function with finite-time structure is designed for controller design. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is applied to estimate the uncertain parts. Then the finite-time adaptive control scheme and adaptive laws are given. Third, based on the Lyapunov method, stability and finite-time performance are demonstrated. And finally, the simulation and experimental studies (with Phantom Ommi devices) are performed and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme on teleoperation position/force tracking. |
16,921 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural-Network-Based Adaptive DSC Design for Switched Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Switches, Adaptive systems, Stability analysis, Nonlinear systems, Control design, Lyapunov methods. Abstract: Due to the particularity of the fractional-order derivative definition, the fractional-order control design is more complicated and difficult than the integer-order control design, and it has more practical significance. Therefore, in this article, a novel adaptive switching dynamic surface control (DSC) strategy is first presented for fractional-order nonlinear systems in the nonstrict feedback form with unknown dead zones and arbitrary switchings. In order to avoid the problem of computational complexity and to continuously obtain fractional derivatives for virtual control, the fractional-order DSC technique is applied. The virtual control law, dead-zone input, and the fractional-order adaptive laws are designed based on the fractional-order Lyapunov stability criterion. By combining the universal approximation of neural networks (NNs) and the compensation technique of unknown dead-zones, and stability theory of common Lyapunov function, an adaptive switching DSC controller is developed to ensure the stability of switched fractional-order systems in the presence of unknown dead-zone and arbitrary switchings. Finally, the validity and superiority of the proposed control method are tested by applying chaos suppression of fractional power systems and a numerical example. |
16,922 | Please write an abstract with title: Approximation algorithms for unique games, and key words: Approximation algorithms, Computer science, Polynomials, Tree graphs. Abstract: We present a polynomial time algorithm based on semidefinite programming that, given a unique game of value 1 - O(1/logn), satisfies a constant fraction of constraints, where n is the number of variables. For sufficiently large alphabets, it improves an algorithm of Khot (STOC'02) that satisfies a constant fraction of constraints in unique games of value 1 -O(1/(k/sup 10/(log k)/sup 5/)), where k is the size of the alphabet. We also present a simpler algorithm for the special case of unique games with linear constraints. Finally, we present a simple approximation algorithm for 2-to-1 games. |
16,923 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental testing and model validation of a small-scale generator set for stability analysis, and key words: Testing, Stability analysis, Power system protection, Power system modeling, Power system stability, Voltage, Character generation, Power generation, Power system analysis computing, Power system control. Abstract: The integration of numerous small-scale generators into existing power systems is anticipated to impact the operation, control and protection of such systems. In particular, maintaining voltage and frequency stability within defined limits is more onerous and requires investigation. The effect of protective limiters and characteristics such as the genuine inertia of the generation set must be taken into consideration in planning studies in order to accurately represent the overall dynamic characteristics of distributed generators. This paper focuses on the investigation of these issues by studying a small-scale reciprocating engine/generator set. The experimental procedures used to determine the genuine inertia of the test rig are described, and the influence and importance of considering the action of protective limiters such as voltage-per-hertz (V/Hz) in stability studies is demonstrated. This work is directly relevant to the review of current UK stability limits, and to the generation planning framework supported by the Scottish Executive. |
16,924 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Volume Parallel Mouse Vital-Sign Monitoring With Near-Field Coherent Sensing, and key words: Mice, Sensors, Dipole antennas, Heart beat, Radio frequency, Antenna measurements. Abstract: Mouse vital signs, such as the heartbeat and respiration rates, are critical observables for the current biomedical and pharmaceutical research works. The number of mice going through the measurement pipeline often needs to be massive to derive statistically significant correlation. However, present mouse vital-sign monitoring methods require substantial individual handling and have limited throughput per setup. In this letter, we demonstrate, for the first time, a parallel mouse vital-sign reading system, which can simultaneously retrieve the respiration and heartbeat rates for multiple mice in individual chambers with minimal noninvasive handling. The cardio signal quality is high enough to estimate the stress states by the heart rate variation analyses. Our system utilizes the multiplexed radio frequency signal around 1.8 GHz to detect the vital signs by near-field coherent sensing. The cross-chamber interference is minimized by the locality of near fields, frequency division, and radar-absorbing materials. The isolation can be readily done for more than 20 dB within a compact system volume. Our scalable design clearly shows how to achieve a high-throughput system for mouse vital-sign monitoring. |
16,925 | Please write an abstract with title: Circular Arc Voltage Trajectory Method for Smooth Transition in Induction Motor Field-Weakening Control, and key words: Voltage control, Regulators, Trajectory, Stators, Current control, Torque, Rotors. Abstract: In the transition process from the base-speed region to the field-weakening region of induction motor (IM), the voltage margin would suddenly disappear due to the limited inverter voltage. This insufficient voltage margin would deteriorate the current control of IM, causing severe voltage saturation and current ripple. To address this problem, a circular arc voltage trajectory method is proposed with the smooth transition-combined field-weakening controller. The voltage and current behavior are analyzed quantitatively during the transition process. The theoretical analysis shows that the studied circular arc trajectory can suppress the sudden decrease of the voltage increasing rate in the transition region, leading to the reduced voltage saturation and current ripple. The sufficient voltage margin and smooth current can be realized at the cost of <; 10% voltage utilization ratio. The effectiveness of the studied method is verified by contrast experiments on an ARM-based 3.7-kW IM platform. |
16,926 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing a three-stage autofocus system for synthetic aperture imaging using a UUV, and key words: High-resolution imaging, Electronics packaging, Motion measurement, Phase measurement, Robustness, Motion compensation, Sea measurements, Marine vehicles, Sonar equipment, Reflection. Abstract: High-resolution synthetic aperture imaging of the seabed at ranges up to 500 m requires precise compensation for vehicle motion errors. The paper shows how a combination of (a) direct measurement, (b) DPCA autofocus (i.e. cross-correlation of overlapping phase centres) and (c) Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) provides a robust, three-stage motion compensation scheme. The performance and reliability of the three-stage scheme depend on the degree of overlap between pings, the length of the synthetic aperture and a number of key parameters that are chosen for the DPCA and PGA algorithms. Results are presented in the context of a set of UUV trials in shallow coastal waters using a vehicle of 7m length equipped with a 1.1 m array of 192 hydrophones. Despite a water depth of only 12 m with consequent severe problems due to multipath reflections, images were obtained of target objects at ranges in excess of 250 m with resolutions of a few tens of millimetres. |
16,927 | Please write an abstract with title: On Vulnerability Analysis of Nodes against Cross-domain Cascading Failures Propagation in Active Distribution Network Cyber-physical System, and key words: Integrated circuits, Power supplies, Power system protection, Cyber-physical systems, Indexes, Active distribution networks, Power system faults. Abstract: Active distribution network (ADN) is the one of typical cyber-physical system which includes power networks (PNs) and communication networks (CNs), and they are closely interdependent. ADN is exposed to the risk of cross-domain cascading failures (CCFs) propagating between PNs and CNs. In this paper, it analyzes the most likely nodes which failures could cause the propagation of CCFs. Specially, the connectivity of interdependent interconnected subnetwork (IIS) is applied to represent the function of ADN, and a Node Vulnerability Index Evaluation method (shorted as NVIE) based on the shortest-path-function-cycle is proposed to find these vulnerability nodes, and an IIS hypothesis proposed in this paper is better than the giant component hypothesis and the giant efficiency subgraph hypothesis, it also reveals that some non-power generation nodes are more likely to cause the propagation of CCFs among ADN. A group extensive simulation experiments are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of NVIE method. |
16,928 | Please write an abstract with title: From sunscreen and diaper ointment to wide band gap optoelectronics: ZnO-based homoepitaxial device technology, and key words: Wideband, Zinc oxide, Light emitting diodes, Photonic band gap, Energy states, Alloying, Availability, Excitons, Fabrication, Thin film devices. Abstract: Summary form only given. ZnO is a highly efficient light emitter, which has resulted in international interest for wide band gap applications. Properties of this semiconductor that are of interest include a direct band gap of approximately 3.37 eV, a large exciton binding energy, the ability to modulate the band gap to a higher energy level by alloying ZnO with MgO, and the ability to modulate to a lower energy level by alloying ZnO with CdO. For device fabrication, ZnO is possesses all the components needed for applications like UV light emitters including; the availability of high quality ZnO bulk wafers, the ability to grow ZnO in thin film form, the ability to dope ZnO in both n and p-type forms, and the availability of metallizations for ohmic contacts. This work describes the growth of ZnO in the bulk form, processing of wafers, homoepitaxial growth of ZnO and related characterization. |
16,929 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Demodulation of Low-Finesse Fabry-Perot Sensors Based on Instantaneous Frequency Analysis, and key words: Frequency measurement, Demodulation, Measurement by laser beam, Interference, Fabry-Perot, Time-frequency analysis, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: The optical path length (OPL) of the Fabry-Perot cavity may change during the spectrum acquisition; it introduces demodulationerror or even causes demodulation failure based on traditional algorithms. To address this problem, the relationship between the dynamic OPL and instantaneous frequency is investigated. Demodulation of the dynamic OPL based on instantaneous frequency analysis is proposed. By combining spectrogram (SP) and Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), an effective time-frequency (TF) analysis method is investigated to calculate the dynamic OPL at each sampling point in a period of a sweeping laser. Experimental results show that the demodulation speed is 4.8 MHz at a 2 KHz sweeping rate, the max deviation of a sinusoidal variation of OPL is around 0.14 μm, and the max deviation of a triangular variation of OPL is around 0.13 μm. |
16,930 | Please write an abstract with title: Mobile Convolutional Neural Networks for Facial Expression Recognition, and key words: Databases, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Stacking, Mobile handsets, Information and communication technology, Image classification. Abstract: We propose CNN models for facial expression recognition that work well in mobile and embedded devices. Previous studies introduced CNN models for image classification by stacking wider filters in depth to increase accuracy. The deep CNN models improve classification accuracy, but it is difficult to use in mobile devices because of its large parameter size and low responsiveness. We first analyzed the MobileNetV2 for facial expression recognition in mobile devices. After that, we designed CNN models with less than 1 million parameters by adjusting the width and depth of the bottlenecks. We trained the proposed CNN models and other mobile CNN models under the same experimental conditions and reviewed the results. The proposed CNN models have been carefully fine-tuned to use less than 0.5 million parameters. The fine-tuned CNN models achieved an accuracy of 90.3% for 5 classes and 86.8% for 7 classes in the RAF database. |
16,931 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel processing architectures for reconfigurable systems, and key words: Parallel processing, Computer architecture, Field programmable gate arrays, Reconfigurable architectures, Hardware, System-on-a-chip, Silicon, Computer languages, Signal processing, Concurrent computing. Abstract: Novel reconfigurable computing architectures exploit the inherent parallelism available in many signal-processing problems. These architectures often consist of networks of compute elements that have an ALU-like structure with corresponding instructions. This opens opportunities for rapid dynamic reconfiguration and instruction multiplexing. The field of computer architectures has significantly contributed to the systematic and quantified exploration of architectures. Novel reconfigurable architecture exploration should learn from this approach. Future System-on-a-Chip platforms will consist of a combination of processor architectures, on-chip memories, and reconfigurable architectures. The real challenge is to design those architectures that can be programmed efficiently. This requires that first a programming environment and benchmarks be created and then that the reconfigurable architectures be systematically explored. |
16,932 | Please write an abstract with title: Deployable overlay network for defense against distributed SYN flood attacks, and key words: Computer crime, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Floods, Network servers, Electronic mail, Scalability, Information science, Protection, IP networks. Abstract: Distributed denial-of-service attacks on public servers have recently become more serious. To assure that network services will not be interrupted, we need faster and more accurate defense mechanisms against malicious traffic, especially SYN floods. But single point defense (ex. firewalls) lacks a scalability to catch up the increase of the attack traffic. In this paper, we introduce a distributed defense mechanism using overlay networks. This mechanism detects attacks near the victim servers and alert messages are sent via the overlay networks. Then defense nodes identify legitimate traffic and block malicious ones. The legitimate traffic is protected via the overlay networks. We simulate and verify our proposed method can effectively block malicious traffic and protect legitimate traffic. We also describe the deployment scenario of our defense mechanism. |
16,933 | Please write an abstract with title: AC loss Analysis in Winding of Electrical Machines with varying Strands-in-hand and Bundle Shapes, and key words: Windings, Conductors, Skin, Proximity effects, Filling, Copper, Shape. Abstract: This paper presents an investigation into the sensitivity of high–frequency AC effects on the winding with varying number of parallel strands. Based on numerical analysis, a methodology to segregate the losses into components is presented. It is shown that the skin and proximity effect losses are not influenced by the shape and the positions of the strand bundles and these losses cannot be neglected for straight conductors even when the strand diameter is less than the skin depth. |
16,934 | Please write an abstract with title: Analog Beamforming for Full-Duplex mmWave Communication with Low-Resolution Phase Shifters, and key words: Radio frequency, Phased arrays, Interference cancellation, Array signal processing, Simulation, Phase shifters, Transceivers. Abstract: We consider Full-Duplex (FD) communication in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. The dense antenna arrays available in mmWave offer a large number of degrees of freedom which could be exploited towards self-interference (SI) mitigation in FD. However, analog beamforming architectures based on practical phase shifters make this task quite challenging due to the lack of amplitude control and finite phase resolution. In this context, we consider a single-stream bidirectional point-to-point mmWave FD link, and develop a new analog beamforming design requiring a single radio frequency chain in each direction at each node, explicitly taking into account such hardware-related constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms previous methods for practical phase shifter resolution values of a few bits, while providing SI cancellation in the analog domain and thus avoiding RF frontend saturation. |
16,935 | Please write an abstract with title: The use of artificial intelligence in the online retail sector: the case of the eBag supermarket, and key words: Technological innovation, Big Data, Tools, Data models, Proposals, Artificial intelligence, Interviews. Abstract: In this paper, we reflect on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Bulgaria's online retail sector. As a proposal, it is suggested that AI is an essential tool to contemporary business management because it increases and complements the competitive advantages of the company. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the case of online supermarkets to propose models of innovation and optimization on the performance in the market. Regarding the methodological frame of this paper, we use a mixed methodology due to the use of statistical data and structured and semi-structured interviews conducted with the managers in charge of the application of artificial intelligence. It also uses Big Data statistical techniques (Biplot). The research results are focused on transforming the business models due to AI. We include recommendations addressed to the impact of AI and Big Data on business performance. |
16,936 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensemble Computational Intelligent for Insomnia Sleep Stage Detection via the Sleep ECG Signal, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Sleep apnea, Sleep, Cardiovascular system, Biomedical signal processing, Heart rate variability, Electrocardiography, Random forests, Hybrid power systems, Linear discriminant analysis, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in which patients cannot sleep properly. Accurate detection of insomnia disorder is a crucial step for mental disease analysis in the early stages. The disruption in getting quality sleep is one of the big sources of cardiovascular syndromes such as blood pressure and stroke. The traditional insomnia detection methods are time-consuming, cumbersome, and more expensive because they demand a long time from a trained neurophysiologist, and they are prone to human error, hence, the accuracy of diagnosis gets compromised. Therefore, the automatic insomnia diagnosis from the electrocardiogram (ECG) records is vital for timely detection and cure. In this paper, a novel hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) approach is proposed based on the power spectral density (PSD) of the heart rate variability (HRV) to detect insomnia in three classification scenarios: (1) subject-based classification scenario (normal Vs. insomnia), (2) sleep stage-based classification (REM Vs. W. stage), and (3) the combined classification scenario using both subject-based and sleep stage-based deep features. The ensemble learning of random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) classifiers are used to perform the first and second classification scenarios, while the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is used to perform the third combined scenario. The proposed framework includes data collection, investigation of the ECG signals, extraction of the signal HRV, estimation of the PSD, and AI-based classification via hybrid machine learning classifiers. The proposed framework is fine-tuned and evaluated using the free public PhysioNet dataset over fivefold trails cross-validation. For the subject-based classification scenario, the detection performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy is recorded to be 96.0%, 94.0%, and 96.0%, respectively. For the sleep stage-based classification scenario, the detection evaluation results are recorded equally with 96.0% for ceiling level accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. For the combined classification scenario, the LDA classifier has achieved the best insomnia detection accuracy with 99.0%. In the future, the proposed hybrid AI approach could be applicable for mobile observation schemes to automatically detect insomnia disorders. |
16,937 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Spherical and Fish-shaped Robots on Hydrodynamic and Pressure Characteristics in Static Water, and key words: Water, Autonomous underwater vehicles, Mechatronics, Shape, Statistical analysis, Drag, Surface resistance. Abstract: During the underwater movement of underwater robot, a large part of interference comes from the interaction between robot and water flow. In order to control the underwater robot accurately, it is very important to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the robot. In this paper, the hydrodynamic characteristics about two kinds of underwater robots (spherical and fish-shaped robot) are studied according the application. Firstly, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the two shapes are studied by the qualitative analysis of velocity field and pressure field. Then, by changing the speed and volume of the robot, the drag resistance force of the robot is further quantitatively analyzed. These obtained characteristics can be used to guide the application of flow rate sensing and pressure sensing on underwater robots. |
16,938 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodology to Analyze Effect of Electric Mining Machines on the Mine Grid, and key words: Fuel processing industries, Harmonic analysis, Load modeling, Power quality, Loading, Load flow, Voltage fluctuations. Abstract: Increasing use of electric driven mining machines change the planning principles for mine electric grid. This study aims to define general principles on how to determine on which terms electric machines can be added to an existing mine grid and how to plan the grid for all-electric mines. Load flow simulations and spreadsheet calculations are used for analysis. The real mine grid structure and the load cycles of electric mining machines as well as other mine loads are used for case study. In the example case, harmonic disturbances are the most critical limitation in the grid design. |
16,939 | Please write an abstract with title: Techniques on semiautomatic segmentation using the Adobe Photoshop, and key words: Image segmentation, Anatomical structure, Biomedical imaging, Medical diagnostic imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Heart valves, Microcomputers, Skin, Bones, Stomach. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to enable anybody to semiautomatically segment the anatomical structures in the MRIs, CTs, and other medical images on the personal computer. The segmented images are used for making 3D images, which are helpful in medical education and research. To achieve this purpose, the following trials were performed. The entire body of a volunteer was scanned to make 557 MRIs. On Adobe Photoshop, contours of 19 anatomical structures in the MRIs were semiautomatically drawn using MAGNETIC LASSO TOOL and manually corrected using either LASSO TOOL or DIRECT SELECTION TOOL to make 557 segmented images. In a likewise manner, 13 anatomical structures in the 8,590 anatomical images were segmented. Also 12 anatomical structures in the 790 brain anatomical images and 10 anatomical structures in the 640 heart anatomical images were segmented. Proper segmentation was verified by making 3D images from the segmented images. The semiautomatic segmentation using Adobe Photoshop is expected to be widely used for segmentation of the anatomical structures in various medical images. |
16,940 | Please write an abstract with title: Resilient Service Chains through Smart Replication, and key words: Cloud computing, Resilience, Substrates, Internet of Things, Computational modeling, Grammar, Quality of service. Abstract: The Internet of Things paradigm enables a new set of smart end-user applications. The Cloud-Fog-Mist-Internet of Things infrastructure provides communication, compute, and storage support for these applications. However, this complex, heterogeneous, and distributed landscape requires orchestration and management mechanisms in order to guarantee their proper functioning. One particular factor to manage is the capacity to provide service resilience even in the presence of failures in components of the substrate infrastructure. This research proposes a set of mechanisms to formalize, orchestrate, and embed a batch of service requests for chained Virtual Functions to fulfill the specific requirements of applications while enhancing their availability and ultimately their resilience. In detail, this work introduces a formal grammar to describe customized Service Chains, allowing the definition of replicas for different Virtual Functions, and an Integer Linear Programming model for Virtual Function embedding that prioritizes the use of nodes with higher availability. Additionally, an alternative heuristic is presented to handle more complex scenarios by taking advantage of the multi-tier scenario comprising the Cloud-Fog-Mist-Internet of Things. Simulation results for the embedding mechanisms show that it is possible to increase the resilience of chained Virtual Functions, while balancing the load of the infrastructure nodes. |
16,941 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection Mechanism Against DDoS Attacks based on Convolutional Neural Network in SINET, and key words: Simulation, Neural networks, Network security, Denial-of-service attack, Paralysis, Servers, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: From DoS (Distributed Denial of Service) to DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service), DoS attacks have always been an important threat to network security. In Smart Identifier network, resource adaption resolution server is vulnerable to single point failures due to DDoS attacks, which may leads to the paralysis of the whole network, thus it is particularly important to detect DDoS attacks against it. This paper proposes a detection mechanism against DDoS attacks for resource adaptation resolution server. Firstly, we locate suspicious connections according to the characteristics of DDoS attacks and then migrate the connections to the backup server. The backup server is equipped with a convolutional neural network, which can accurately determine whether the traffic on the suspicious connections is attack traffic or not. The simulation results show that the detection mechanism can effectively detect whether a DDoS attack occurs on a certain connection, migrate suspicious connections, and alleviate the pressure of network and ensure its normal operation. |
16,942 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of downlink mobile positioning methods for the UMTS FDD mode without using IPDL periods, and key words: Downlink, 3G mobile communication, Multiaccess communication, Wideband, Signal to noise ratio, Global Positioning System, Fading, Multipath channels, Quadrature phase shift keying, Mobile communication. Abstract: This paper deals with position location (PL) methods, in the context of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) mode of UMTS, based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) in the downlink (DL) scenario. The considered PL techniques suppose that the mobile is able to capture signals from at least three base stations (BS). In order to assure that a mobile receives signals from far located BS's with an acceptable signal to noise ratio (SNR), several techniques have been proposed: one example is the introduction of an idle period downlink (IPDL) which presents the disadvantage of reducing the system capacity. We compare here several solutions to the hearability problem which do not use IPDL and would allow to obtain a good estimation of the far located BS's time of arrival (TOA). |
16,943 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Prediction for Intelligent Transportation System using Machine Learning, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Machine learning, Prediction algorithms, Roads, Support vector machines. Abstract: This paper aims to develop a tool for predicting accurate and timely traffic flow Information. Traffic Environment involves everything that can affect the traffic flowing on the road, whether it's traffic signals, accidents, rallies, even repairing of roads that can cause a jam. If we have prior information which is very near approximate about all the above and many more daily life situations which can affect traffic then, a driver or rider can make an informed decision. Also, it helps in the future of autonomous vehicles. In the current decades, traffic data have been generating exponentially, and we have moved towards the big data concepts for transportation. Available prediction methods for traffic flow use some traffic prediction models and are still unsatisfactory to handle real-world applications. This fact inspired us to work on the traffic flow forecast problem build on the traffic data and models.It is cumbersome to forecast the traffic flow accurately because the data available for the transportation system is insanely huge. In this work, we planned to use machine learning, genetic, soft computing, and deep learning algorithms to analyse the big-data for the transportation system with much-reduced complexity. Also, Image Processing algorithms are involved in traffic sign recognition, which eventually helps for the right training of autonomous vehicles. |
16,944 | Please write an abstract with title: Extending OpenMP for the Optimization of Parallel Component Applications, and key words: Servers, Task analysis, Optimization, Multicore processing, Switched mode power supplies, Software, Parallel processing. Abstract: Motivated by the promotion of development efficiency and performance, we research on the common performance optimization technology for parallel component applications. We define OpenMP pragmas to describe the parallel component instance calls in three types of complex structure code. By data flow analysis, we can find the parallelism potential of these codes. We extends the OpenMP pragma to support virtual computing resources and the deployment of complex structure codes on them. We provide three reference rules for the component instance tasks to be scheduled on certain resources to get better performance. To better utilize resources, we provide mapping of virtual computing resources to real resources. We extends the OpenMP programming model and execution model to accommodate the extended pragmas. The extended Babel compiler is responsible for data flow analysis. The extended CCAFFEINE framework is in charge of generating the task schedule policy. Experiments show that our performance optimization platform Bomp can get better scalability and performance than other methods existed. |
16,945 | Please write an abstract with title: Solving the small sample size problem of LDA, and key words: Scattering, Linear discriminant analysis, Pattern recognition, Face recognition, Null space, Covariance matrix, Laboratories, Automation, Image retrieval, Upper bound. Abstract: The small sample size problem is often encountered in pattern recognition. It results in the singularity of the within-class scattering matrix S/sub w/ in linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Different methods have been proposed to solve this problem in face recognition literature. Some methods reduce the dimension of the original sample space and hence unavoidably remove the null space of S/sub w/, which has been demonstrated to contain considerable discriminative information; whereas other methods suffer from the computational problem. In this paper, we propose a new method making use of the null space of S/sub w/ effectively and solve the small sample size problem of LDA. We compare our method with several well-known methods, and demonstrate the efficiency of our method. |
16,946 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Cost Ensembling for Deep Neural Network based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Load monitoring, Analytical models, Power demand, Neural networks, Predictive models. Abstract: Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the process of monitoring the power consumption of individual appliances by disaggregating the aggregate power consumption data from a single sensor, which is usually the main meter. The increase in adoption of smart meters facilitates large scale NILM. Appliance-level load monitoring could provide utilities and users with useful information which could lead to significant energy savings as well as better demand-side management. In this paper, we propose a low-cost method for ensembling deep neural network models trained for the task of load disaggregation, which does not require the training of multiple different models. Additionally, we analyze the output characteristics of the resultant ensembled model in relation to the outputs of its component models. The UK-DALE dataset is used for training the models and evaluating the effectiveness of our ensembling technique. The results show that the proposed technique provides a considerable improvement in load disaggregation performance. |
16,947 | Please write an abstract with title: Segment-Weighted Information-Based Event-Triggered Mechanism for Networked Control Systems, and key words: Control systems, Sampling methods, Stability criteria, Numerical stability, Networked control systems, Delays, Cybernetics. Abstract: In this study, the event-triggered problem of networked control systems (NCSs) is investigated, and a novel information transmission scheme is established. Under this scheme, the segment-weighted information (SWI) in a sliding historical window (SHW) is calculated and then sampled. Compared with the traditional direct sampling method, in this approach, the control input includes historical information in the SHW, thereby leading to less information loss due to sampling. This study also emphasizes on designing an SWI-based event-triggered mechanism (ETM) for scheduling network transmission. Different from most of the existing ETMs, the proposed SWI-based ETM leverages historical information to determine which data are necessary for the whole control system. Our approach can greatly reduce the number of unexpected triggering events of a control system with stochastic disturbances owing to the introduction of the SWI in the ETM. Moreover, Zeno phenomena are prevented thanks to periodic sampling. Sufficient conditions are derived based on the Lyapunov functional approach, and a numerical simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
16,948 | Please write an abstract with title: A highly integrated CMOS image sensor architecture for low voltage applications with deep submicron process, and key words: CMOS image sensors, Low voltage, Dynamic range, CMOS technology, CMOS process, Circuits, Working environment noise, Design methodology, Sensor arrays, Sampling methods. Abstract: In this paper, a design methodology to fabricate a CMOS imaging system in an ultra-low voltage environment with a deep submicron process is presented. The new design methodology is based on a rail-to-rail pixel architecture together with a high dynamic range single-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Correlated doubling sampling (CDS) is built-in in the readout system to suppress both fix pattern noise and kTC noise. An imaging test chip has been fabricated with a TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process and proved to function at a supply voltage of 1 V or below. Two operation modes are also implemented to tradeoff between high speed and low power operations. |
16,949 | Please write an abstract with title: Coherent detection of the complete linear electrostatic plasma response of plasma ions using laser-induced fluorescence, and key words: Electrostatics, Plasma waves, Fluorescence, Plasma measurements, Distribution functions, Laser modes, Magnetic field measurement, Laser beams, Frequency, Electrons. Abstract: Plasmas support many different wave modes. Each wave mode is characterized by a particular perturbation of the velocity distribution functions of each particle species in the plasma Coherent detection, using laser-induced fluorescence, of the wave motion associated with a harmonic signal on an electrostatic antenna allows one to determine the complete electrostatic linear response of ion waves. Degrees of freedom beyond the fluid theory are necessary to describe the data. Extensions of the technique can be used to explore nonlinear wave interactions. |
16,950 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Dc-link Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Three-level SVM Strategies Based on Two-level Space Vector Diagram, and key words: Support vector machines, Reactive power, Microcontrollers, Capacitors, Modulation, Voltage control, Motion control. Abstract: This paper presents a new dc-link capacitor voltage balancing method for three-level Space Vector Modulation (SVM) strategies that are based on the space vector diagram of two-level inverters. The proposed method uses the time distribution of the local two-level zero vectors to achieve dc- link voltage balancing. It redistributes the zero vector times based on the magnitude and direction of the dc-link capacitor voltage deviations. The performance of the proposed capacitor voltage balancing method is compared with the conventional three-level SVM capacitor voltage balancing method that uses three-level redundant small vectors. The proposed method achieves significantly lower neutral-point voltage ripple compared to the conventional three-level SVM capacitor voltage balancing method for a wide range of modulation indices and load power factor values. Moreover, the code size and execution time are reduced by approximately 30 percent for use in microcontrollers. |
16,951 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimize Configuration of H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, and key words: Switching loss, Pulse width modulation, Multilevel inverters, Topology, Reliability, PD control, Voltage control. Abstract: A traditional H-bridge inverter requires a minimum of four controllable switches and this multiplies with the levels in the inverter output voltage goes up. This work represents an improved multilevel inverter with a reduced number of switches. An improved structure using the sub-multilevel concept is proposed for a five-level inverter. This modified H-bridge inverter uses the same level of an inverter with a 25% reduction in the number of switches. This results in reduced switching losses, installation cost, and converter cost. Special care is taken to obtain an optimal number of switches. The proposed inverter is simulated for a five-level using Matlab/Simulink with phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) control for both resistive and resistive-inductive load. A comparison between conventional and modified H-bridge inverter is shown. |
16,952 | Please write an abstract with title: Rethinking Image Cropping: Exploring Diverse Compositions from Global Views, and key words: Computer vision, Analytical models, Machine vision, Computational modeling, Crops, Predictive models, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Existing image cropping works mainly use anchor evaluation methods or coordinate regression methods. However, it is difficult for pre-defined anchors to cover good crops globally, and the regression methods ignore the cropping diversity. In this paper, we regard image cropping as a set prediction problem. A set of crops regressed from multiple learnable anchors is matched with the labeled good crops, and a classifier is trained using the matching results to select a valid subset from all the predictions. This new perspective equips our model with globality and diversity, mitigating the shortcomings but inherit the strengthens of previous methods. Despite the advantages, the set prediction method causes inconsistency between the validity labels and the crops. To deal with this problem, we propose to smooth the validity labels with two different methods. The first method that uses crop qualities as direct guidance is designed for the datasets with nearly dense quality labels. The second method based on the self distillation can be used in sparsely labeled datasets. Experimental results on the public datasets show the merits of our approach over state-of-the-art counterparts. |
16,953 | Please write an abstract with title: Activities on Legislation for Autonomous Vehicles Take Off [Connected and Automated Vehicles], and key words: Automobiles, Market research, COVID-19, Economics, Production planning. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is still holding the world in a stranglehold. Large-scale vaccination is in different stages throughout nations globally, and countries that have come far in terms of vaccinating the population are slowly beginning to open up. The commercial vehicle industry sells more vehicles than it can produce for the moment-a sort of rebound effect from when the world was put on hold last spring. At the same time, the automotive industry is experiencing semiconductor shortages, resulting from unfortunate occurrences such as fires in semiconductor factories, but also because semiconductor companies' order intakes from the automotive industry declined substantially last spring, and the companies turned to other customers. |
16,954 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Configuration and Coordinated Control of DFACTS in Flexible Distribution Network, and key words: Static VAr compensators, Reactive power, Low pass filters, Inductors, Thyristors, Control systems, Capacitors. Abstract: Flexible distribution network, which can provide reliable and economical power supply to customers based on customized power technology, is becoming a new choice to sensitive user groups. DFACTS equipments are important parts of flexible distribution network. In this paper, structure, working principle, characteristics, model of typical DFACTS equipments are introduced. Then, interaction mechanism between DFACTS based on Relative Gain Array(RGA) is analyzed. Finally, configuration and coordinated control strategy among multiple DFACTS devices in flexible distribution network are proposed. Positive references for analyzing, control and application of DFACTS are provided in this paper. |
16,955 | Please write an abstract with title: An End-to-end and Adaptive I/O Optimization Tool for Modern HPC Storage Systems, and key words: Degradation, Performance evaluation, Distributed processing, Adaptive systems, Optimization methods, Interference, Supercomputers. Abstract: Real-world large-scale applications expose more and more pressures to storage services of modern supercomputers. Supercomputers have been introducing new storage devices and technologies to meet the performance requirements of various applications, leading to more complicated architectures. High I/O demand of applications and the complicated and shared storage architectures make the issues, such as unbalanced load, I/O interference, system parameter configuration error, and node performance degradation, more frequently observed. And it is challenging to both achieve high I/O performance on application level and efficiently utilize scarce storage resources. We propose AIOT, an end-to-end and adaptive I/O optimization tool for HPC storage systems, which introduces effective I/O performance modeling and several active tuning strategies to improve both the I/O performance of applications and the utilization of storage resources. AIOT provides a global view of the whole storage system and searches for the optimal end-to-end I/O path through flow network modeling. Moreover, AIOT tunes system parameters across multiple layers of the storage system by using the automated identified application I/O behaviors and the instant status of the workload of storage system. We verified the effectiveness of AIOT for balancing I/O load, resolving I/O interference, improving I/O performance by configuring appropriate system parameters, and avoiding I/O performance degradation caused by abnormal nodes through quite a few real-world cases. AIOT has helped to save over ten millions of core-hours during the deployment on Sunway TaihuLight since July 2021. It's worth mentioning that our proposed AIOT is capable of managing other I/O optimization methods across various storage platforms. |
16,956 | Please write an abstract with title: Arbitrary background picture segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Colored noise, Background noise, Layout, Power system security, Videoconference, Power system modeling, Image processing, Noise reduction, Signal resolution. Abstract: In this paper, we present a new method for real time arbitrary background picture segmentation. We consider the following picture conditions: color picture, noisy picture, scene light changes, and still image arbitrary background. They are typical for many applications, e.g. for video security system, videophone, videoconference, V-commerce, etc. A set-theoretic approach has been used for picture model creation, adaptive picture processing and noise reduction. The presented method main problem, namely noise immunity and resolving power, is investigated by using picture clustering. The both luminance and chrominance picture components use allows to avoid an influence of "undesirable" object light changes and noise. It is shown that for arbitrary background picture segmentation, the required signal-to-noise ratio must be from 40 dB to 44 dB, depending on the frames change rate. |
16,957 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Redundant Randomness for Resisting Key Exposure in Encrypted Communication Systems, and key words: Cryptography, Security, Entropy, Privacy, Costs, Redundancy, Random variables, Power outages. Abstract: The exposure possibility of keys poses a great threat to almost all modern cryptography, especially in wireless communications. From the adversary’s point of view, a cryptographic key can be considered as a random variable in its key space, whose security level can be measured in terms of randomness. In this article, we propose a highly exposure-resilient framework, which incorporates redundant randomness of key sources into the design of cryptographic systems to resist key exposure in encrypted communications. As hardware costs continue to decrease, the deployment of redundant randomness at the same time to achieve a better security level is affordable in the future. The framework offers a way to protect the privacy of a single key by fusing multiple redundant keys. Analysis and results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can dramatically reduce the secrecy outage probability, and provides an extensible way to enhance the encrypted communication system’s resistance to unknown eavesdropping or key exposure. |
16,958 | Please write an abstract with title: Dissipative Sliding-Mode Synchronization Control of Uncertain Complex-Valued Inertial Neural Networks: Non-Reduced-Order Strategy, and key words: Synchronization, Artificial neural networks, Uncertainty, Linear matrix inequalities, Switches, Sliding mode control, Matrices. Abstract: This study investigates the dissipative synchronization of uncertain complex-valued inertial neural networks with external disturbances using sliding mode control (SMC). In the absence of both variable substitution as well as the equivalent transformations of real- and complex-valued systems, this study focuses directly on the original complex-valued inertial system. First, a suitable integral switching surface (SS) function is proposed. Second, by constructing innovative Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and applying the Wirtinger-based integral inequality and reciprocally convex approach, a synchronization criterion is derived on the basis of the linear matrix inequality technique to ensure that the sliding mode dynamics are stable and dissipative. Then, an SMC law and an adaptive SMC law are designed, and the accessibility analysis of the predefined SS is provided. Numerical verifications as well as the superiority and practicality analysis of the proposed approach are provided through four examples. |
16,959 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory tracking via adaptive recurrent control with input saturation, and key words: Trajectory, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Recurrent neural networks, Neural networks, Control systems, Nonlinear systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Stability, Nonlinear control systems. Abstract: This paper deals with the adaptive tracking problem for nonlinear systems in presence of unknown parameters, unmodelled dynamics and input saturation. A high order recurrent neural network is used in order to identify the unknown system and a learning law is obtained using the Lyapunov methodology. Then stabilizing control law for the reference tracking error dynamics is developed using the Lyapunov methodology and the Sontag control law. Tracking error boundedness is established as a function of a design parameter. |
16,960 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Monitoring System for Container Networks in the Era of Microservices, and key words: Containers, Topology, Monitoring, Network topology, Event detection, Real-time systems, Linux. Abstract: Large-scale web services are increasingly adopting the microservice architecture that mainly utilizes container technologies. Microservices are operated on complex configured infrastructures, such as containers, virtual machines, and physical machines. To ensure service quality of microservices, it is important to monitor not only the quality of services but also the quality of the infrastructures utilized by the services. Therefore, the metrics of the infrastructure related with the services should be traced. An extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is a relatively new Linux's function, which is effectively used as a sensor of container-network metrics. There are two key challenges in realizing the service-linked monitoring system. One challenge is making the full-stack topology between microservices, containers, and machines visible to set the sensor related with the services. Another challenge is dynamic sensor management that can relocate the sensor quickly after the topology's change. In this paper, we propose a real-time monitoring system that creates a full-stack topology and relocates the sensor in conjunction with events from a container orchestrator. The system enables a dynamic deployment of the sensors related with the monitored services. |
16,961 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Simulation of Analog Circuit Blocks Under Nonstationary Operating Conditions, and key words: Integrated circuit modeling, Circuit stability, Asymptotic stability, Numerical stability, Numerical models, Stability criteria, Mathematical model. Abstract: This article proposes a black-box behavioral modeling framework for analog circuit blocks (CBs) operating under small-signal conditions around nonstationary operating points. Such variations may be induced either by changes in the loading conditions or by event-driven updates of the operating point for system performance optimization, e.g., to reduce power consumption. An extension of existing data-driven parameterized reduced-order modeling techniques is proposed, which considers the time-varying bias components of the port signals as nonstationary parameters. These components are extracted at runtime by a low-pass filter and used to instantaneously update the matrices of the reduced-order state-space model realized as a SPICE netlist. Our main result is a formal proof of quadratic stability of such linear parameter varying (LPV) models, enabled by imposing a specific model structure and representing the transfer function in a basis of positive functions whose elements constitute a partition of unity. The proposed quadratic stability conditions are easily enforced through a finite set of small-size linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), used as constraints during model construction. Numerical results on various CBs, including voltage regulators, confirm that our approach not only ensures the model stability but also provides speedup in runtime up to two orders of magnitude with respect to full transistor-level circuits. |
16,962 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Smoker Prediction System Based on Hyperspectral Image with Hybrid Deep Learning Model, and key words: Deep learning, Analytical models, Tongue, Medical services, Predictive models, Classification algorithms, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: The tongue image classification system has been widely used in medical interests and health diagnoses. This research emphasizes improving classification accuracy performance in the Smoker prediction system based on the location analysis of the smoker melanosis distribution on the tongue image. The tongue diagonalization technique developed is a non-invasive method based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Various considerations and In-depth architecture learning have been proposed to overcome the analysis of HSI data and have obtained relatively high classification completion. This study uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture in the spectral-spatial configuration used for feature extraction and classification. CNN to do some testing. Researchers classified it as Single CNN and Hybrid-CNN. In the Single CNN algorithm, there are two architectures created, namely CNN-Autoencoder and CNN-Alex net. In the Hybrid-CNN algorithm, two architectures are designed, namely Proposed Hybrid-CNN with one branch and Hybrid-CNN-Resnet18 with eight branches. Learn more about the kernel in each different subject segmentation and look at the kernel classification. Therefore, the Hybrid-CNN model is proposed to be able to make hybrid architecture and hybrid convolution scale. The approved Proposed Hybrid-CNN model, supported about Lateral A can reach 90,60%, Lateral B reaches 86,5%, and Doctor Perception reaches 99,2%. In the CNN-Resnet18 Hybrid model obtained, Lateral A can reach 89,4%, Lateral B gets 84,6%, and Doctor Perception reaches 97,4%. In general, the results of the completion of the approved model have achieved better performance. |
16,963 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless Power Transfer Using Capacitive Coupling for High Power Applications, and key words: Capacitors, Couplings, Finite element analysis, Inductors, Inverters, Electromagnetics. Abstract: This paper presents a detailed analysis and design of wireless power transfer (WPT) using capacitive coupling technique. The capacitive coupling technique for WPT has been modelled and analyzed in this research using ANSYS Maxwell software. Electrostatic and transient analysis have been performed on these capacitive plates and required parameters such as capacitance, electric field intensity, voltage magnitude and electric field concentration on the plates are obtained for performing simulation in ANSYS Simplorer. The circuit of WPT comprising of high frequency inverter based upon silicon-carbide (SiC) technology and driven by HCPL gate driver is then simulated in ANSYS Simplorer. The parametric values such as distance, load and inductance are varied for obtaining the maximum power point, at a specific distance and resonant frequency. The proposed scheme of WPT through capacitive coupling finds its utilization in high power applications, such as electric vehicle (EV) charging. The hardware and simulation results report power transfer of 100W having efficiency greater than 75% at a distance of 10cm. |
16,964 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified Multi-Layered Complex Coefficient Filter Based Control for SyRG Based DG-SPV-Battery Based Standalone System, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, System performance, Power quality, Microgrids, Filtering algorithms, IEEE Standards, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: This paper aims to improve the AC side power quality of microgrids when the load draws unbalanced nonlinear currents from the system. The impedance of the DG set is more than the grid hence, there is more possibility of current and voltage distortion in case of load unbalance. In order to address this power quality problems, this paper presents an improved complex coefficient filter-based algorithm. It uses multilayering to eliminate the dominant third harmonics and DC offset in case of load unbalance. In this work, the system under consideration is a standalone microgrid that comprises a synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) based DG set, a battery energy storage (BES), and a solar photovoltaic system (SPVS). Here, the DG generation is controlled so that it always operates at 80-100% of its rated capacity such that it is running at its minimum fuel economic zone (FEZ). The SPVS is controlled by the incremental conductance (INC) algorithm. The performance of this control algorithm is studied using the developed simulink model, and the system performance is analyzed in dynamic conditions like solar radiation change, and load unbalance. |
16,965 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of an Optimal Radial-Loop Configuration for a Distribution Network With PV Systems to Minimize Power Loss, and key words: Reliability, Power system reliability, Distribution networks, Fault detection, Reliability engineering, Fault currents, Control systems. Abstract: This paper proposes a method to determine an optimal radial-loop configuration to minimize power loss in a distribution network with photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates the effectiveness of this configuration. Due to the disaggregation of transmission and distribution in a deregulated power system, stable and efficient operations in terms of voltage regulation and power loss reduction utilizing existing equipment is becoming more important for distribution system operators (DSOs). Japanese DSOs operate distribution networks in a radial configuration while supplying power to customers with high reliability. One method to reduce further power loss is to upgrade the network topology to a radial-loop configuration, which achieves partial loop structures by closing the tie-switches of the radial configuration. To implement a radial-loop configuration, DSOs must first evaluate the reliability, as a loop configuration can cause a feeder circuit breaker (FCB) malfunction and an expansion of the nonsupplied area during fault conditions. However, the impact of a radial-loop configuration on reliability and effectiveness has not been verified. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to determine an optimal radial-loop configuration that minimizes active power loss and maintains high reliability. In a numerical simulation, the reliability of radial-loop configurations is verified, and the effectiveness of the configuration is analyzed in terms of active power loss and voltage regulation under several PV system penetration conditions. A 6.6 kV distribution network consisting of 6 feeders and 11 tie-switches is modeled based on an existing Japanese distribution network and used for numerical simulation. |
16,966 | Please write an abstract with title: 3DIAS: 3D Shape Reconstruction with Implicit Algebraic Surfaces, and key words: Measurement, Deep learning, Surface reconstruction, Image segmentation, Three-dimensional displays, Shape, Semantics. Abstract: 3D Shape representation has substantial effects on 3D shape reconstruction. Primitive-based representations approximate a 3D shape mainly by a set of simple implicit primitives, but the low geometrical complexity of the primitives limits the shape resolution. Moreover, setting a sufficient number of primitives for an arbitrary shape is challenging. To overcome these issues, we propose a constrained implicit algebraic surface as the primitive with few learnable coefficients and higher geometrical complexities and a deep neural network to produce these primitives. Our experiments demonstrate the superiorities of our method in terms of representation power compared to the state-of-the-art methods in single RGB image 3D shape reconstruction. Furthermore, we show that our method can semantically learn segments of 3D shapes in an unsupervised manner. The code is publicly available from this link. |
16,967 | Please write an abstract with title: Status of European Estuaries, and key words: Sea measurements, Water pollution, Monitoring, Petroleum, Protection, Pollution measurement, Rivers, Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, Industrial pollution, North America. Abstract: Studies of pollution status in particular estuaries provide information which may be useful generally in studies of other estuaries. Most estuarine pollution issues concern 1) point and nonpoint source contaminants, 2) eutrophication and hypoxia, 3) pathogen introduction and 4) urbanization and industrial development. Most of the estuarine pollution issues in the United States have been well known in Europe for decades. Assessment and monitoring of thermal discharges and of a variety of point and nonpoint source inorganic and organic chemical contaminants have been conducted in the Baltic Sea, Danish coast, French coast, German Bight, Netherlands coast, North Sea and Oslofjord. |
16,968 | Please write an abstract with title: Editorial Special Issue on Microwave Photonics, and key words: Special issues asnd sections, Microwave photonics, Substrates, 5G mobile communication, Microwave communication. Abstract: The papers in this special issue focus on lightwave technology on mirowave photonics. An important portion of the papers published in this special issue are an expanded version of those presented at the International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics 2020 (MWP2020) held in Matsue, Japan, from November 22-25, 2020. The field of Microwave Photonics keeps continuously growing and expanding. By exploiting the inherent ultrawide fractional frequency range of optical waves, the frequency reach of the field has exceeded the microwave range to include the millimeter and Terahertz wave bands. Photonic integration technology is having a disruptive effect in the field, enabling reduction of the the size and the weight of microwave photonic systems to unprecedented levels. The number of technology platforms used for microwave photonic implementations is also greatly expanding, from indium phosphide to silicon and silicon nitride, enabling important performance improvements of critical functions as well as unlocking the potential of novel structures (photonic crystal structures and graphene metasurfaces, among others). |
16,969 | Please write an abstract with title: An IoT Device-trusted Remote Attestation Framework, and key words: Performance evaluation, Virtual machine monitors, Real-time systems, Security, Trust management, Standards, Secure storage. Abstract: Remote attestation allows the verifier to determine the level of trust for the system’s health. We propose a framework for verifying the trustworthiness of the IoT device using remote attestation. The framework provides remote device trust verification and a trust management service for a large group of devices to prevent remote control and zombization due to firmware spoofing. We show how the framework performs remote attestation for object forgery attacks under various types of heterogeneous TEE (SW) and TPM (HW) IoT platforms. |
16,970 | Please write an abstract with title: Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison, and key words: Torque control, Traction motors, Synchronous motors, Reluctance machines, Energy management, Rotors, Design methodology. Abstract: In the last decade, the trend toward higher efficiency and higher torque density electrical machines (EMs) without permanent magnets (PMs) for the industrial sector has rapidly increased. This work discusses the latest research and industrial advancements in synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs), being the emergent motor topology gaining wide acceptance by many industries. This article presents an extensive literature review covering the background and evolvement of SynRM, including the most recent developments. Nowadays, SynRM has found its niche in the EM market, and the reasons for that are highlighted in this work together with its advantages and disadvantages. The key journal publications in SynRM topics are discussed presenting the biggest challenges and the latest advancements with particular regards to the design methodology. This article aims to provide a thorough overview to the research community and industry about SynRM. There is a clear potential for SynRM to take over a significant portion of the EM market in the near future to meet efficiency standards in industrial applications without the use of rare-Earth PM technology. |
16,971 | Please write an abstract with title: IEEE C37.20.7 Guide for Testing Switchgear Rated up to 52KV for Internal Arcing Faults - Important Changes to the new Edition: Copyright Material IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2018-05, and key words: Resistance, Personal protective equipment, Performance evaluation, Switchgear, Conferences, Standardization, Safety. Abstract: The guide for arc fault testing was revised to include both changes to the basic testing procedure and additional equipment types. The addition of these new equipment types has introduced new ratings and requires alterations to the basic arc fault test procedure. This paper discusses the test procedure changes, compares the new procedure to the previous revision, adds clarification to the ratings, and provides insight for why the changes were necessary. It is imperative that the users of arc resistant equipment fully understand these changes and how they could affect their installation considerations and on-going personnel safety program. |
16,972 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Glass-to-Metal Sealing Through Furnace Atmosphere Composition Control, and key words: Furnaces, Atmosphere, Hydrogen, Glass, Nitrogen, Chemical products, Bonding, Production, Seals, Reproducibility of results. Abstract: The ability is demonstrated to produce consistently an intergranular oxide layer between 2 µm and 10 µm depth on Kovar alloy using a humidified hydrogen nitrogen furnace atmosphere. Oxidizing the Kovar to a 2-10-µm intergranular depth promotes strong chemical/mechanical bonding between the metal and the borosilicate glass typically used in the production of matched glass-to-metal seals. Furnace dew point, hydrogen concentration, residence time, and decarburization pretreatment were studied to determine their effect on oxide formation. A reproducibility study was performed to demonstrate the high consistency and repeatability of the system in an actual production environment. Bubble formation in the glass after sealing is discussed and is shown to be a result of overoxidation. All three steps of matched sealing (decarburiziug, oxidizing, and sealing) are studied with emphasis on control of the oxidizing step. |
16,973 | Please write an abstract with title: A wireless temperature measurement guide rod for internal bone fixation surgery, and key words: Temperature measurement, Bones, Surgery, Temperature sensors, Nails, Real time systems, Wireless sensor networks, Surges, Blood, Packaging. Abstract: Heat generation is one of the major harming factors in the reaming process of the internal bone fixation surgery. In order to minimize the temperature rise of the bone during surgery, a reaming system with temperature sensation is developed to allow the real time tracking of the heat generation caused by rotational sliding friction. We have conducted experiments to calibrate and demonstrate the stability and sensitivity of the wireless transmitted temperature data. We have also analyzed the possible factors causing the temperature change of the bone cavity during surgery theoretically and performed experiments to validate these factors. An experiment was also conducted to demonstrate the sufficient penetrating power of the wireless temperature signals from a sensor inside a bone replicate. |
16,974 | Please write an abstract with title: Bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems, and key words: Bibliographies, Induction generators, Wind energy, Wind energy generation, Renewable energy resources, Microhydro power, Hybrid power systems, Thermal degradation, Voltage control, Books. Abstract: Induction generators are increasingly being used in nonconventional energy systems such as wind, mini/micro-hydro, biogas, etc. The advantages of using an induction generator instead of synchronous generator are well known. Some of them are reduced unit cost and size, ruggedness, absence of separate DC source, ease of maintenance, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits, etc. An attempt is made in this paper to present an exhaustive bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems. |
16,975 | Please write an abstract with title: Discovering Routing Anomalies in Large PLC Metering Deployments from Field Data, and key words: Visualization, Power measurement, Network topology, Scalability, Semantics, Routing, Time measurement. Abstract: Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMI) are at the base of the Smart Grid concept, as they enable, through a large deployment of metering devices, a distributed, not only energy consumption metering but also a pervasive approach to network monitoring and control. In this work we present and analyze field measurement data provided by a power network manager in order to identify routing anomalies in PLC networks that implement the G3-PLC LOADng routing protocol. In the beginning, we show different types of representations developed in order to easily visualize the network's topology and we give guidelines regarding the semantics for data structures used to describe PLC networks and their topology. We then move onto using the visual tool to incorporate routing data, to facilitate the recognition of patterns and recurring relations; considering also how the topology related to the infrastructure, we observe anomalies in the ways the protocol builds routes from nodes to the Data Concentrator. We eventually discuss how routing and geometrical properties of the topology might be related to each other. |
16,976 | Please write an abstract with title: DTMOST low-voltage reference circuit with logarithmic curvature-correction, and key words: Circuits, Voltage, Temperature dependence, CMOS technology, Temperature distribution, MOSFETs, Photonic band gap, Polarization, Bipolar transistors, Temperature sensors. Abstract: A low-power low-voltage bandgap reference using MOS transistors operating in subthreshold region will be presented. In order to decrease the relatively large value of the temperature coefficient for a first-order compensated voltage reference, a new logarithmic curvature-correction technique based on the difference between two gate-source voltages of transistors working at drain currents with different temperature dependencies will be described. The low-voltage operation is achieved by a virtual reduction of V/sub T/ using a DTMOST. The circuit was implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology on a die area of 50 /spl mu/m x 60 /spl mu/m. The experimental results show a temperature coefficient of the circuit of about 6.1 ppm/K for an extended temperature range, 223K<T< 333K. The current consumption was about 720 /spl mu/A for a supply voltage V/sub cc/ =1.8V. |
16,977 | Please write an abstract with title: Zone recovery methodology for probe-subset selection in end-to-end network monitoring, and key words: Intelligent networks, Monitoring, Probes, Clouds, Network topology, Quality of service, Delay, Mathematical programming, Routing, Polynomials. Abstract: To predict the delay between a source and a destination as well as to identify anomalies in a network, it is possible to monitor the network continuously by sending probes between all sources and destinations. However, it is of prime importance to keep the number of probes to a minimum and yet be able to predict the delays and identify anomalies reasonably. We state and solve a mathematical programming problem, namely the zone recovery methodology (ZRM), to select an optimal subset of ping-like probes to monitor networks where the topology and routing information are not known. A polynomial-time heuristic is developed. The application of ZRM on randomly generated topologies yielded 73.55% reduction in the number of monitored paths on average. In other words, networks can be successfully monitored using only 26.45% of the available probes. Moreover, the performance of ZRM increases (percentage of the monitored paths decreases) as the size of the topology increases. |
16,978 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Method for Precision Calibration of Resistive Voltage Dividers up to 1000 V, and key words: Voltage measurement, Calibration, Uncertainty, Measurement uncertainty, Standards, Semiconductor device measurement, Voltmeters. Abstract: The paper presents a new method for direct voltage calibration of resistive voltage dividers at voltages up to 1000 V. A combination of a high-stability inductive voltage divider and a resistive voltage divider with stable ac-dc difference of voltage ratio are used to transfer the dc voltage ratio from a Josephson voltage standard to the divider under test. The method allows full automation and has a potential to achieve measurement uncertainties of the order of 0.1 μV/V. |
16,979 | Please write an abstract with title: Youtube Data Analysis using Linear Regression and Neural Network, and key words: Correlation, Social networking (online), Neural networks, Linear regression, Video on demand, Task analysis, Visualization, COVID-19. Abstract: The popularity of YouTube provides an effective way to propagate epidemic prevention knowledge by analyzing the video preferences of viewers from different locations. However, it is challenging to analyze video preferences due to the dispersed geographical locations of the YouTube viewers and the indistinguishable video categories and subcategories. This paper combines linear regression and neural networks to unravel both geographical and categorical difficulties and improve the accuracy of task-solving models. First, the YouTube dataset and extract variables are preprocessed, including categories, subcategories, countries, number of subscribers, and view counts of each YouTubers. Then, linear regression and neural networks are trained to classify and find the correlation between these variables. Finally, Matplotlib, Google chart, and Tableau are utilized to visualize the result based on video categories and geographical locations. The accuracies of linear regression and neural network models are verified through the R-squared estimation. Both linear regression and neural network models show the trending types of videos and a positive correlation between the number of viewers and subscribers. The experimental results show a remarkable user’s tendency of watching films and listening to music, a concentration of YouTube users from India and the U.S., and propose targeted COVID-19 prevention propaganda based on the above two characteristics. |
16,980 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel ANFIS-AQPSO-GA-Based Online Correction Measurement Method for Cooperative Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Navigation, Acoustic measurements, Acoustics, Prediction algorithms, Distance measurement, Measurement uncertainty. Abstract: To solve the effect of unreliable acoustic range measurements in cooperative localization of autonomous underwater vehicles, a novel localization method is proposed by using a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm that consists of the adaptive quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (AQPSO) algorithm combined with the genetic algorithm (GA) to train the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model. The method can predict the acoustic ranging errors online, then correct the measurements, and improve the accuracy and stability of the cooperative localization system. We first tested the optimization ability of AQPSO-GA with an open-source dataset, and then, a large number of simulation experiments are performed with actual data collected in lake-water trials to fully compare and analyze the performance of various cooperative localization methods. The experimental results show that, compared with the cooperative localization method based on the cubature Kalman filter, the proposed method can reduce the localization error by 90% and effectively guarantee the stability of the cooperative localization system. |
16,981 | Please write an abstract with title: Variations in Variational Autoencoders - A Comparative Evaluation, and key words: Decoding, Data models, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Training data, Bayes methods, Probability distribution. Abstract: Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are deep latent space generative models which have been immensely successful in many applications such as image generation, image captioning, protein design, mutation prediction, and language models among others. The fundamental idea in VAEs is to learn the distribution of data in such a way that new meaningful data can be generated from the encoded distribution. This concept has led to tremendous research and variations in the design of VAEs in the last few years creating a field of its own, referred to as unsupervised representation learning. This paper provides a much-needed comprehensive evaluation of the variations of the VAEs based on their end goals and resulting architectures. It further provides intuition as well as mathematical formulation and quantitative results of each popular variation, presents a concise comparison of these variations, and concludes with challenges and future opportunities for research in VAEs. |
16,982 | Please write an abstract with title: The Application of the Multi-Agent Coverage and Self-Healing Control Based on a Swarm Intelligence SONM and Potential Function Approach, and key words: Multi-agent systems, Robots, Monitoring, Task analysis, Self-organizing networks, Network topology, Collision avoidance. Abstract: Self-organizing network will probably be a priority choice for the multi-agent systems because of its good features of configuration, management, optimization and self-healing. In this paper, a swarm intelligence coverage and self-healing method based on the Self-Organizing Network Model (SONM) and potential function is proposed for our multi-agent system. The SNOM is presented with a hierarchical network structure, which mainly includes the link layer design, route establishment and route maintenance. Based on the SNOM, the multi-agent coverage and self-healing control law is devised, and the potential function is designed to realize the collision avoidance, coverage and self-healing control for the multi-agent systems. The proposed approaches are implemented and evaluated by extensive simulations and experiments, and the results confirm that it is feasibility and efficiency in multi-agent coverage and self-healing control. |
16,983 | Please write an abstract with title: Dispersion control in a 100-kHz-repetition-rate 35-fs Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system, and key words: Control systems, Pulse amplifiers, Optical amplifiers, Ultrafast optics, Chemical lasers, Laser theory, Chirp, Pulse modulation, Optical pulses, Optical pulse shaping. Abstract: Presents a 100-kHz femtosecond amplifier system delivering pulses with a duration of 35 fs and an energy of 7 /spl mu/J. The system does not include a stretcher, since the large amount of dispersion accumulated during the amplification process is sufficient to prevent self-focusing. Compensation in approximately all orders is achieved through a combination of a prism compressor, chirped mirrors, and a liquid-crystal modulator, allowing the amplified pulses to be shortened to nearly the bandwidth limit. |
16,984 | Please write an abstract with title: An improved fast implementation method for FFT pruning algorithm, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Frequency, Signal resolution, Computational complexity, Computational modeling, Signal processing, Linear systems, Signal analysis, Signal sampling, Narrowband. Abstract: For the application of increasing the FFT's spectrum resolution by zero padding, this paper proposes an improved fast implementation method for FFT pruning algorithm, in which only part spectral of the whole FFT's spectral need to be calculated. According to the structural characteristics of input data and output data, the proposed method in this paper utilizes the data copying and assistant matrix to decrease the computational complexity and enhance the implementary flexibility of the FFT pruning algorithm. The simulations show that: With the method proposed in this paper, there is no limitation to the length of the input and output data, the spectrum at any index can be easily obtained, and the computational consumption is effectively decreased. |
16,985 | Please write an abstract with title: Point Cloud Depth Map and Optical Image Registration Based on Improved RIFT Algorithm, and key words: Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Optical distortion, Optical variables measurement, Optical imaging, Adaptive optics, Splines (mathematics). Abstract: In view of the unsatisfactory effect of the RIFT algorithm on local image registration, this paper introduces an improved RIFT algorithm based on the thin plate spline model for point cloud depth map and optical image registration method. To solve the problem of RIFT algorithm registration model, the thin-plate spline model is used instead of the rigid registration model to improve the algorithm. After image feature matching, the thin-plate spline is used to construct the image transformation model, and the image space transformation is decomposed into global affine transformation and local non-affine transformation, and the whole image and local mapping transformation are realized at the same time without local distortion. Experiments show that the improved algorithm can increase the CMR by 5%. The specific registration strategy is as follows: firstly, two kinds of data are preprocessed, and the image of the cloud depth map of the production point of the regular-grid resampling model is used. Then, the improved RIFT algorithm is used to extract corner points and edge points as registration elements, and Euclidean distance is used as similarity measure to achieve the registration of point cloud depth map and optical image, and then indirectly achieve the registration of laser point cloud and optical image. Finally, the registration accuracy is analyzed from the visual level and pixel level. The results show that the improved RIFT algorithm has favorable registration effect on point cloud depth map and optical image, and the proposed method has exceptional validity and reliability. |
16,986 | Please write an abstract with title: The energy economics of the zero-carbon grid: Can renewables be a major player in the energy supply? E&T looks at how to make the plans add up, and key words: Carbon dioxide, Biomass, Production, Coal, Turbines, Solar power generation, Profitability, Climate change. Abstract: WITH SOME NOTABLE exceptions, governments around the world are moving to support the idea of clamping down on greenhouse gas emissions by making major changes to the biggest single source: the energy grid. The main question is whether it is feasible to move to a net-zero-emission grid in three decades – a target proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to bring warming under the 2°C threshold seen as key to preventing the worst outcomes. |
16,987 | Please write an abstract with title: Engineering in Computing and Science, and key words: Physics, Writing. Abstract: In March 2003, the members of the American Physical Society met in Austin, Texas, to hear and talk about their research. As Physics Today's news editor, I went there too. Covering a big physics meeting is grueling. Unlike real scientists, science reporters have to pay attention to every field and subfield without bias or favor. Not surprisingly, halfway through the meeting, after two days of superconductivity, biological physics, statistical mechanics, and so on, I needed a break. |
16,988 | Please write an abstract with title: Annual Banquet, and key words: Investment, Finance, Postal services, Lightning, Government, Urban areas, Steel. Abstract: The Annual Banquet of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers was held at the Carlton Hotel, Johannesburg, on Friday, 22nd November, 1935, and again proved to be an outstanding success. Mr. Jos. White, the President of the Institute, presided. |
16,989 | Please write an abstract with title: Increased power injection in multimode optical-fiber buses through mode-selective coupling, and key words: Optical coupling, Optical transmitters, Optical receivers, Optical attenuators, Optical fiber couplers, Optical fiber LAN, Propagation losses, Optical network units, Optical design, Data communication. Abstract: The number of stations that can be put on an optical-fiber data bus is usually limited by the total allowable attenuation between transmitter and receiver. A fundamental assumption in local-area network designs has been that a passive bus coupler must remove from the bus the same fraction of optical power that it injects from the local transmitter. This mandates very inefficient power injection to the bus and limits the total number of stations that can be put on the bus. By considering mode-selective passive optical couplers, I show that this limitation can be overcome in principle, and practically all the local power can be injected. Calculations indicate that this can lead to an increase in injected power of around 7 dB, and an almost doubling of the number of possible stations on the bus. |
16,990 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized locally recurrent probabilistic neural networks for text-independent speaker verification, and key words: Neural networks, Recurrent neural networks, Management training, Speech, Artificial neural networks, Neurofeedback, Neurons, Wire, Laboratories, Mathematics. Abstract: An extension of the well-known probabilistic neural network (PNN), to generalized locally recurrent PNN (GLRPNN) is introduced. This extension renders GLRPNN, in contrast to PNN, sensitive to the context, in which events occur. A GLRPNN is therefore, able to identify time or spatial correlations. This capability can be exploited to improve performance on classification tasks. A fast three-step algorithm for training GLRPNN is also proposed. The first two steps are identical to the training of traditional PNN, while the third step exploits the differential evolution optimization method. The performance of the proposed methodology on the task of text-independent speaker verification is contrasted with that of locally recurrent PNN, diagonal recurrent neural networks, infinite impulse response and finite impulse response MLP-based structures, as well as with a Gaussian mixture models-based classifier. |
16,991 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of Nonlinear Adaptive PID Control in Temperature of Chinese Solar Greenhouses, and key words: Adaptation models, Uncertain systems, PI control, Neural networks, Greenhouses, Mathematical models, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: The system of the Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs) is required to ensure suitable environment for crops growth. However, the greenhouse system is described as complex dynamics characteristics, such as multi-disturbance, parameter uncertainty, and strong nonlinearity. Actually, the conventional PID control method is difficult to deal with above problem. To address above problem, a dynamic model of CSG is developed based on the energy conservation laws and a nonlinear adaptive control scheme, combining RBF neural network with incremental PID controllers, is applied to the temperature control. In this approach, parameters of PID controller are determined by the generalized minimum variance laws, and the unmodelled dynamics is estimated by RBF neural network. The control strategy is combined with a linear adaptive PID controller, a neural network nonlinear adaptive PID controller and switching mechanism. The simulation results show that the adopted method can achieve excellent control performance, which meets the actual requirements. |
16,992 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-invasive functional mapping of the brain using cerebral oximeter, and key words: Electrodes, Testing, Spectroscopy, Scalp, Light emitting diodes, Skull, Photodiodes, Light scattering, Frequency, Displays. Abstract: The goal of this study is to map brain functions using an in-vivo cerebral oximeter. The current tests for brain functions are invasive and associated with significant risks. We acquired the 2 channel (left & right) cerebral oximeter, which detects regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) levels on the frontal region of the brain using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques. The measurement is made via special electrodes placed over the scalp. These electrodes contain LEDs that pass low intensity near infrared light into both the skull and brain. The electrodes also contain a photodiode that measures and records the returning scattered and partially absorbed light. The intensity of this recorded light and the amount absorbed in a particular frequency band reflects the proportion of oxyhemoglobin present within the light pathway. In this study we add multi-channel capabilities to the system so it can measure rSO2 levels around all the brain regions, and display the results in a user-friendly graphical interface. |
16,993 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual life assessment of electronic hardware used in the Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV), and key words: Hardware, Intelligent vehicles, Marine vehicles, Qualifications, Electronic equipment testing, Cost function, Design optimization, Electric shock, Circuits, Electric resistance. Abstract: This paper presents the use of techniques for simulating product qualification as well as for product testing of electronic hardware to be used in the United States Marine Corp's Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle. The goal of integrating "up-front" virtual life assessment into the development environment is to increase overall product reliability and decrease overall product cost by decreasing build-test-fix time and promoting optimized tradeoff analysis early in the design stage. Relevant problems included: the positioning of a large microcircuit near the center of the board, weakness to shock loading, and life expectancies of around six (6) to eight (8) years. Failure in the form of electrical opens and/or increased circuit resistance due to thermo-mechanical and random vibration induced fatigue of solder interconnects was predicted as the dominant wearout failure mechanism. A weeklong qualification test is proposed to verify the virtual life assessment results of the life cycle loads. |
16,994 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of a subsea pressure housing for ambient noise measurement system in the Arctic region, and key words: Temperature measurement, Codes, Temperature, Time series analysis, Finite element analysis, Arctic, Noise measurement. Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a subsea pressure housing which is cylinder and made of austenitic stainless steel with a grade of 316L material, to withstand an external hydrostatic pressure of 10 bar in the Arctic environment. The material is selected based on its characteristics like formability, strength, corrosion resistance, durability and properties to withstand extreme temperatures. The design of the pressure housing is planned to accommodate electronic subsystems like data acquisition system, power controller, solid state memory and a power pack. The cylinder considered here is a thin cylinder with the dimensions of 330mm as diameter and 700 mm as length. The estimated wall thickness is 4mm. In this work, the pressure housing has been designed using American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) boiler and pressure vessel code- Section VIII. The design dimensions have been verified with Indian Standard (IS) code 2825 -1969. In order to verify the design, the pressure housing is assumed as axi-symmetric and finite element analysis with ANSYS software has been studied with an external pressure of 10bar and the results are found satisfactory. The pressure housing forms the main component of an independent ambient noise measurement mooring system in the Arctic region. In India, under Ocean Acoustics programme of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), an indigenous ambient noise measurement mooring system has been developed and deployed in the Kongsfjorden, Arctic region at an ocean depth of 100m during July 2018 near IndARC mooring system installed by Ocean Observation System (OOS) program of NIOT. The designed subsea pressure housing has successfully completed its operation for one year withstanding the rated pressure, temperature and harsh environment prevailing in the Arctic region. The schematic of subsea pressure housing is shown in the below Fig. 1. The system was retrieved successfully during July 2019. The purpose of the ambient noise measurement system is to record time series ocean ambient noise data in the Arctic region for studying the dynamics of the sea ice cover and biological and anthropogenic noise sources. |
16,995 | Please write an abstract with title: A Deep-Learning-based Link Adaptation Design for eMBB/URLLC Multiplexing in 5G NR, and key words: Multiplexing, Learning systems, 5G mobile communication, Training data, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Throughput, Propagation losses. Abstract: URLLC is an important use case in 5G NR that targets at 1-ms level delay-sensitive applications. For fast transmission of URLLC traffic, a promising mechanism is to multiplex URLLC traffic into a channel occupied by eMBB service through preemptive puncturing. Although preemptive puncturing can offer transmission resource to URLLC on demand, it will adversely affect throughput and link reliability performance of eMBB service. To mitigate such an adverse impact, a possible approach is to employ link adaptation (LA) through MCS selection for eMBB users. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing eMBB throughput through MCS selection while ensuring link reliability requirement for eMBB users. We present DELUXE - the first successful design and implementation based on deep learning to address this problem. DELUXE involves a novel mapping method to compress high-dimensional eMBB transmission information into a low-dimensional representation with minimal information loss, a learning method to learn and predict the block-error rate (BLER) under each MCS, and a fast calibration method to compensate errors in BLER predictions. For proof of concept, we implement DELUXE through a link-level 5G NR simulator. Extensive experimental results show that DELUXE can successfully maintain the desired link reliability for eMBB while striving for spectral efficiency. In addition, our implementation can meet the real-time requirement (<; 125 μs) in 5G NR. |
16,996 | Please write an abstract with title: Certifying Safety for Nonlinear Time Delay Systems via Safety Functionals: A Discretization Based Approach, and key words: Delay effects, Aerospace electronics, Control systems, Safety, Delays, Convergence. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the safety of continuous time control systems with input delays. Safety functionals are constructed that define safety sets in the infinite-dimensional state space. Time-discretization is used in order to compute safety sets in finite dimensions and it is shown that these sets approach an infinite-dimensional safety set as the time step is decreased. A simple example of a nonlinear scalar system is used to demonstrate the convergence of the proposed methods. |
16,997 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel, Angular and Perpendicular Parking for Self-Driving Cars using Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Space vehicles, Training, Meters, Sensitivity, Reinforcement learning, Learning (artificial intelligence), Aerospace electronics. Abstract: The progress in creating a fully autonomous self-driving car has steadily increased in recent decades. Consequently, autonomous parking has been a well-researched field since every driving trip must end with a parking manoeuvre. In recent years, with the current successes in reinforcement learning, the concept of applying it to solve the autonomous parking problem has been more and more explored. A vehicle equipped with a complete autonomous parking system must perform three types of parking: perpendicular, angular and parallel parking. Autonomous parking systems control the steering angle and the vehicle speed by considering the surrounding space conditions to ensure collision-free motion within the available space. This paper presents an approach to the problem of autonomous parking using Reinforcement Learning, more precisely, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient. This approach proved to be capable of parking in a variety of different environments for the three parking manoeuvres. |
16,998 | Please write an abstract with title: Covert Wireless Communication With Spectrum Mask in Internet of Things Networks, and key words: Uncertainty, Wireless communication, Interference, Transmitters, Internet of Things, Security, Throughput. Abstract: Covert wireless communications aim to hide the existence of transmission behavior from watchful adversaries to enhance security. In this paper, we propose a spectrum mask based covert communication strategy in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where the overt channels are leveraged to enhance the covertness. Specifically, the legitimate IoT transmitter superimposes its own message on the overt channel to avoid being detected by the warden. We assume that proper Gaussian signaling (PGS) is adopted at the overt channel, and improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) is adopted at the legitimate transmitter to improve the covert transmission performance. To maximize the covert rate of the legitimate IoT system, a joint transmit power and IGS factor optimization problem is formulated under the constraints of covertness requirement. The metric of minimum error detection probability, that represents the worst-case for the legitimate transmitter, is utilized to measure the covertness. By exploiting the piece-wise monotonic properties of the objective function and the constraints, we derive the optimal transmit power and IGS factor pairs in both the IGS and PGS schemes. Finally, extensive numerical results are presented to demonstrate that the IGS scheme can improve the covert rate compared to the PGS scheme under a given covertness constraint. |
16,999 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive loading based on frequency-selective fading estimation for ultra high-data-rate OFDM system, and key words: Frequency estimation, Fading, OFDM, Error probability, Performance gain, Communications technology, Degradation, Numerical analysis, Switches, Adaptive systems. Abstract: In the frequency-selective fading environments, the error probability performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is severely degraded by the subcarriers where the deep fading occurs. The frequency-domain adaptive bit and power loading is a very effective method to improve this situation. However, it is not always useful, e.g., in the frequency-flat fading scenarios, its performance gain over the fixed loading may shrink or even disappear. In order to deal with this issue, we propose an adaptive loading scheme which is based on the estimation of the frequency-selective fading severity. This scheme is tested based on an ultra high-data-rate OFDM system which is capable of supporting beyond 100 Mbps data rate transmission in the air interface. The numerical analysis results show that it is very necessary to employ such an adaptive loading scheme to broad-band OFDM system in the scenarios where both the frequency-selective and frequency-flat fading may be encountered. |
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