ID int64 0 400k | content stringlengths 97 5.85k |
|---|---|
18,400 | Please write an abstract with title: Matrix ZVS Resonant Inverter for Domestic Induction Heating Applications Featuring a Front-End PFC Stage, and key words: Electromagnetic heating, Prototypes, Zero voltage switching, Electromagnetic compatibility, User experience, Topology, Matrix converters. Abstract: Induction heating flexible cooking surfaces have improved the final user experience because of the advantages that this technology offers, such as flexibility, fast heating, cleanness, and safety, among others. The design requirements of this cooktops are however much more challenging due to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), power density, efficiency, control complexity, cost, and different mains connections. In order to overcome these issues, the use of power factor corrector (PFC) rectifiers has been proposed in previous works. In this paper, the use of a matrix zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) resonant inverter along with a front-end PFC stage is proposed to get a high-performance and cost-effective implementation with a reduced number of power devices The feasibility of this proposal has been proved using a 11-kW 4-outputs domestic induction heating experimental prototype. |
18,401 | Please write an abstract with title: Tension gradient measurement of magnetic tape, and key words: Magnetic heads, Glass, Magnetic devices, Magnetic sensors, Transducers, Temperature, Humidity, Servomechanisms, Pressure measurement, Monitoring. Abstract: This paper describes a device that measures the tension distribution across the width of magnetic tape. Historically, tension variation along the length of the tape has been used to quantify data reliability, and accurate tension control with the use of vacuum column is necessary. The longitudinal tension gradient is the primary source of data error. Thick mylar and lower number of tracks per mm produce very little tension gradient across the width of the tape. Conditions due to the decrease in tape thickness, tape hub taper, alignment of the tape-device components, and high temperature and humidity of the tape environment, result in tape tension being no longer uniform across the width. A tension-measuring device was developed to aid in the understanding of the presence of tension gradient across the width of the tape and its resultant effects on uneven head wear and nonuniform data reliability. The use of this device led to improvements in tape-path component design, head wear, and data reliability. |
18,402 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.2 mW RDS receiver for portable applications, and key words: Receivers, CMOS technology, Baseband, Demodulation, Data systems, Radio broadcasting, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Inductors, Digital filters, Matched filters. Abstract: A 0.9 V 1.2 mA fully integrated radio data system (RDS) receiver for the 88-108 MHz FM broadcasting band is presented. Requiring only a few external components (matching network, VCO inductors, loop filter components), the receiver, which has been integrated in a standard digital 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, achieves a noise figure of 5 dB and a sensitivity of -86dBm. The circuit can be configured and the RDS data retrieved via an I/sup 2/C interface so that it can very simply be used as a peripheral in any portable application. A 250 kHz low-IF architecture has been devised to minimize the power dissipation of the baseband filters and FM demodulator. The frequency synthesizer consumes 250 /spl mu/A, the RF front-end 450 /spl mu/A while providing 40 dB of gain, the baseband filter and limiters 100 /spl mu/A, and the FM and BPSK analog demodulators 300 /spl mu/A. The chip area is 3.6 mm/sup 2/. |
18,403 | Please write an abstract with title: Prosodic word prediction using the lexical information, and key words: Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Statistics, Probability, Speech synthesis, Predictive models, Laboratories, Pattern recognition, Technological innovation, Automation. Abstract: As a basic prosodic unit, the prosodic word influences the naturalness and the intelligibility greatly. Although the relation between the lexicon word and the prosodic word has been widely discussed, the prosodic word prediction still cannot reach a high precision and recall. In this paper, the study shows the lexical features are more efficient in prosodic word prediction. Based on careful analysis on the mapping relationship and the difference between the lexicon words and the prosodic words, this paper proposes two methods to predict prosodic words from the lexicon words sequence. The first is a statistic probability model, which efficiently combines the local POS and word length information. Experiments show that by choosing appropriate threshold this statistic model can reach a high precision and high recall ratio. Another is an SVM-based method. In this SVM classifier, an efficient feature is introduced. Besides the POS and the word length features, the in-word-probability (IWP) is used. IWP means the probability of a lexicon word to be in a prosodic word. The precision and the recall ratio are improved greatly after using SVM classifier and the IWP feature. |
18,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward Optical Probing Resistant Circuits: A Comparison of Logic Styles and Circuit Design Techniques, and key words: Resistance, Optical device fabrication, Logic gates, Optical design techniques, Circuit synthesis, Optical reflection, Security. Abstract: Laser-assisted side-channel analysis techniques, such as optical probing (OP), have been shown to pose a severe threat to secure hardware. While several countermeasures have been proposed in the literature, they can either be bypassed by an attacker or require a modification in the transistor's fabrication process, which is costly and complex. In this work, firstly, we propose a formulation for the caliber of reflected light from OP. Secondly, we propose circuit design techniques and logic styles to alleviate OP attacks based on our formulation. Finally, we compare several logic families and circuit design techniques in terms of performance and OP security merits. In this regard, we perform simulations to compare the optical beam interaction between the different logic gates. By utilizing our proposed circuit design techniques and dual-rail logic (DRL), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reflected light from OP is reduced significantly. |
18,405 | Please write an abstract with title: The Optimal Inverter DC/AC Value Selection Method Based on Big Data Technology, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Analytical models, Temperature distribution, Predictive models, Inverters, Data models, Investment. Abstract: It is a commonly used strategy to reduce the levelized cost of energy by improving the ratio of the photovoltaic panel installation DC capacity to inverter AC capacity. However, selection of DC/AC ratio value generally relies on experience, lacking a scientific method to estimate the optimal value under different circumstances. This article analyzes and explores the historical data of photovoltaic power station using data mining technology to establish a photovoltaic power generation prediction model, and then, calculates the return on investment based on the power generation predicted by the model. The calculation result shows that the return on investment generally increases with the increase of R, and then decreases with the increase of R after reaching a maximum value. Therefore, the optimal DC/AC ratio in different regions can be found. |
18,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Long-range Attention Network for Multi-View Stereo, and key words: Geometry, Computer vision, Conferences, Aggregates, Benchmark testing, Robustness, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Learning-based multi-view stereo (MVS) has recently gained great popularity, which can efficiently infer depth map and reconstruct fine-grained scene geometry. Previous methods calculate the variance of the corresponding pixel pairs to determine whether they are matched mostly based on the pixel-wise measure, which fails to consider the interdependence among pixels and is ineffective on the matching of texture-less or occluded regions. These false matching problems challenge MVS and result in its most failure cases. To address the issues, we introduce a Long-range Attention Network (LANet) to selectively aggregate reference features to each position to capture the long-range interdependence across the entire space. As a result, similar features relate to each other regardless of their distance, propagating more guiding information for the effective match. Furthermore, we introduce a new loss to supervise the intermediate probability volume by constraining its distribution reasonably centered at the true depth. Extensive experiments on large-scale DTU dataset demonstrate that the proposed LANet achieves the new state-of-the-art performance, outperforming previous methods by a large margin. Our method is generic and also achieves comparable results on outdoor Tanks and Temples dataset without any fine-tuning, which validates our method’s generalization ability. |
18,407 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Modular Permanent Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor, and key words: Force, Reluctance motors, Torque, Magnetic flux, Rotors, Permanent magnet motors, Windings. Abstract: In order to increase structure compactness, critical rotor speed and output torque of existing 12/12 bearingless switched reluctance motor(BSRM) with axial biased permanent magnet(PM), an improved modular permanent magnet bearingless switched reluctance motor(PM-BSRM) is comprehensively investigated. At first, this paper introduces design structure, and generation mechanism of torque and suspending force. Secondly, there is full consideration for this paper to design motor parameters, including several pole arc and rotor structure, which can fulfil some requirements such as self-starting capability, suspending force maximum value and selection of secondary air-gap. Thirdly, characteristic such as output torque and suspending force of proposed motor and others are mainly analysed. Finally, according to above analysis and research about motor characteristics, a prototype motor is designed. And through experiments, it could be found that the motor performance gets improved. |
18,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Does OpenBSD and Firefox’s Security Improve With Time?, and key words: Software, Security, Computer bugs, Software systems, Databases, Codes, Big Data. Abstract: Ozment and Schechter (USENIX Security’2006) analyzed the evolution of OpenBSD vulnerabilities over the span of 7 years (1998-2005) and concluded that its security increases with age. In this paper, we extend their study by analyzing the evolution of OpenBSD vulnerabilities over the span of 22 years (1998-2020) and Firefox vulnerabilities over the span of 9 years (2011-2020). Our empirical study leads to a number of insights, including the following: both OpenBSD and Firefox get more secure (i.e., less vulnerable) with time, but today’s developers do not necessarily produce more secure code; OpenBSD and Firefox developers tend to make similar security mistakes, but Firefox vulnerabilities are easier to exploit; finally, Firefox’s vulnerability density is almost one order of magnitude higher than OpenBSD’s, meaning Firefox is more vulnerable. |
18,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Modulation Classification with Reusable-Feature Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Convolution, Modulation, Computer architecture, Convolutional neural networks, Kernel, Task analysis, Gain. Abstract: Deep learning (DL) nowadays activates the advancement of multiple research fields, from signal processing to computer vision and communication. Compared with traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms, some DL architectures such as convolutional neural network (CNN) allow learning feature automatically without expert knowledge in a specific domain. Inspired by the notable achievement of DL for general image classification, this work studies an efficient CNN-based approach for automatic modulation classification which is recognized as the fundamental task in several modern communication systems. Besides the architecture organized by several blocks of parallel asymmetric convolutional layers, the proposed network is specialized by two mechanisms: skip-connection for the prevention of vanishing gradient and reusable-feature depth-concatenation for an optimal feature utilization via accumulating the deep feature at multi-scale representation. According performance evaluation, our method gains the 24-modulation classification rate of 85.10% at +10 dB SNR on the most challenging and large-scale DeepSig: RadioML (version 2018.01A) dataset. |
18,410 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multiview Spectral–Spatial Feature Extraction and Fusion Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Iron, Data mining, Stacking, Hyperspectral imaging, Shape, Correlation. Abstract: Hyperspectral images (HSIs) can provide abundant and diverse features which are helpful for classification, such as spectral, texture, and shape features. Combining these features can enhance the ability to describe the characteristics of different classes of land covers. However, most of the existing methods usually stack features from multiple views to construct high-dimensional data and then learn information from it which may waste information inherent in different feature spaces. In this letter, we proposed a multiview spectral–spatial feature extraction (FE) and fusion framework for the analysis and classification of the HSIs. First, different and complementary spatial features extracted by extended multiattribute profiles (EMAPs), gray-level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM), and Gabor from the original HSI are, respectively, stacked with the spectral bands to construct multiview data set for one single scene of HSI. Thus, each sample can be represented in different spectral–spatial domains. Then, a semisupervised FE method, which combines local fisher discriminant analysis (LFDA) that explores discriminative information from limited labeled samples and the improved neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) that aims at maintaining the local neighborhood structure from a global perspective, is applied on the multiview data set to eliminate redundant information and obtain multiview spectral–spatial features. Note that the improved NPE which adds spatial interpixel correlations to similarity measure between samples is applied on all the samples rather than unlabeled samples, and hence, the best spatial nearby neighbors for each sample could be found from the whole data. Finally, we integrate these multiview features with diversity and complementarity to construct the intact feature representation for each sample. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art multiview FE methods for HSI classification. |
18,411 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Safety Zone Estimation and Violation Detection for Nonstationary Objects in Workplaces, and key words: Safety, Monitoring, Cameras, Employment, Trajectory, Feature extraction, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: This study presents a deep neural network (DNN)-based safety monitoring method. Nonstationary objects such as moving workers, heavy equipment, and pallets were detected, and their trajectories were tracked. Time-varying safety zones (SZs) of moving objects were estimated based on their trajectories, velocities, proceeding directions, and formations. SZ violations are defined by set operations with sets of points in the estimated SZs and the object trajectories. The proposed methods were tested using images acquired by CCTV cameras and virtual cameras in 3D simulations in plants and on loading docks. DNN-based detection and tracking provided accurate online estimation of time-varying SZs that were adequate for safety monitoring in the workplace. The set operation-based SZ violation definitions were flexible enough to monitor various violation scenarios that are currently monitored in workplaces. The proposed methods can be incorporated into existing site monitoring systems with single-view CCTV cameras at vantage points. |
18,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Temperature characteristics of FBG sensors with different coatings for High Temperature Superconductor Application, and key words: HTS, FBG sensors, Metal coating, Response time, Cryogenic temperature measurement. Abstract: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors LV one of the promising sensing element for temperature measurement in High Temperature superconductor (HTS) field. The main concern of using FBG sensors for cryogenic temperature sensing is how to increase the low temperature sensitivity caused by the decrease thermal expansion coefficient of silica-glass at low temperatures. This work studied the temperature characteristics of bare FBG and FBG coated with gold and silver for 77-293 K. The temperature characteristics of FBG sensors was studied theoretically and experimentally at first. Then the FBG's thermal response time was evaluated through a sudden temperature change test. Results show that preferable temperature sensitivity can be obtained by the proposed coating materials, and there is a 300 ms response time delay of coated sensors compared with the bare FBG. |
18,413 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing the decay rate in the damped wave equation: a numerical study, and key words: Partial differential equations, Damping, Design optimization, Mathematics, Writing, Marine vehicles, Energy states, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Optimal control. Abstract: We present a numerical study of optimizing the rate of decay of solutions of the linear damped wave equation. This optimal damping design is formulated as finding a damping term that would optimize the spectral abscissa of the related differential operator. The problem is discretized to a finite-dimensional problem by a Legendre pseudospectral method. The supremum of the real part of the spectrum of the finite-dimensional operator is optimized for the constant and non-constant damping terms. Numerical experiments yield results in excellent agreement with analytical or prior numerical work. They also show that this approach provides an accurate and flexible framework for future optimal damping design studies. |
18,414 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-port isotropic radiator for unpolarized waves, and key words: Polarization, Frequency, Directive antennas, Dipole antennas, Antennas and propagation, Antenna feeds, Testing, US Department of Commerce, Knowledge based systems, MONOS devices. Abstract: The possibility of radiating an equal amount of power in all directions and all polarizations, using a two-port antenna excited by two independent noise sources, is considered. |
18,415 | Please write an abstract with title: A transmission line model for analysis of thin film optical filters, and key words: Transmission lines, Optical films, Optical filters, Optical design, Telegraphy, Equations, Optical propagation, Computational modeling, Computer simulation, Optical materials. Abstract: In this paper, an analysis of thin film optical filters with a transmission line model is presented. This analogy is formalized through the transmission line telegraph equations. The predicted propagation phase rule drawn from this analogy is supported by a heuristic argument. A computer model based on transmission lines was developed to simulate various effects. The material presented here includes the optical equivalent of the anti-reflection quarter wave transformer, the application of Butterworth and Chebyshev tables for filter design, the optical tunneling effect, and replication of recently reported thin layer optical design results for angular spatial filtering |
18,416 | Please write an abstract with title: A new triply rotated quartz cut for the fabrication of low loss IF SAW filters, and key words: Fabrication, SAW filters, Surface acoustic waves, Surface acoustic wave devices, Acoustic waves, Acoustic measurements, Refining, Performance evaluation, Aluminum, Metals industry. Abstract: Analysis of the quartz properties shows the existence of unexplored angular domains for which Rayleigh waves can be efficiently excited, exhibiting physical characteristics better than the ones of the (ST,X) cut. This paper presents a family of quartz cuts allowing significant improvements of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices on quartz. A first set of experiments has been performed, confirming the theoretical predictions of the basic properties of SAW on these cuts. A second set of measurements then was achieved to refine the identification of coefficients needed to perform industrial SAW design. A demonstration of the improvements accessible using this new cut is presented. A low loss SAW filter working at 71 MHz has been fabricated using smaller aluminum thickness than that for standard quartz cuts, and exhibiting all the properties required for its industrial implementation. |
18,417 | Please write an abstract with title: Best Practices for Online Procurement Intermediaries, and key words: Best practices, Procurement, Web and internet services, Profitability, Filters, Industrial economics, Recruitment, Supply chains, Costs, Manufacturing industries. Abstract: Industrial buyers who seek to procure inputs have the option of contracting the process out to procurement intermediaries. Many of these intermediaries now operate using Internet-based software to enhance the efficiency of their services. We develop a theoretical model of a buyer who wishes to procure an input from one of many differentiated suppliers. The buyer chooses between conducting the procurement herself and hiring a procurement intermediary. We use the model to investigate how and when such procurement intermediaries can be profitable, and to generate insight for the design of the online procurement process with regard to bidder recruitment and information revelation. The model suggests that the profitability of the intermediary relies crucially, on its ability to administer and evaluate quotes from potential suppliers more efficiently than the buyer can herself. |
18,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Computing of 3D Bifurcation Diagrams With Nvidia CUDA Technology, and key words: Graphics processing units, Bifurcation, Three-dimensional displays, Mathematical model, Computational modeling, Parallel processing, Kernel. Abstract: This paper presents three-dimensional bifurcation diagrams in the form of a point cloud. The diagrams were created by means of parallel calculations using the electric arc model. A simple dynamic DC electric model that can show complex bifurcations with periodic and chaotic responses is presented. The Nvidia CUDA massively parallel architecture was used to perform the calculations. The paper shows cross-sections of the bifurcation cloud obtained as a result of calculations. It also presents an interactive tool specially developed to visualize the cloud. The reader can access the tool by using the Web address provided in this paper. This tool enables to freely specify the plane and axis of the cut in order to obtain the desired cross-section of the cloud — it is possible to obtain exactly such diagrams as those presented in the paper, as well as many others. |
18,419 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Feedrate Scheduling and PVT-based High Precision Interpolation for Wire Bonding Operation, and key words: Interpolation, Surface reconstruction, Wires, Fitting, Trajectory, Surface topography, Bonding. Abstract: With the rapid development of electronic packaging technology and the improvement of electronic integration, chip packaging technology with fine pitch, high density and reliability are highly demanded. For electronic packaging technology, the high-speed wire bonding equipment plays an important role for the high efficiency operation and high quality production. For wire bonding equipment, one of the key issues is to ensure a high-precision tracking trajectory for the wire looping process under high-speed motion. Hence, this paper proposes a novel NURBS interpolator that combines optimal feedrate scheduling and PVT interpolation algorithm to improve the wire looping quality. Firstly, under the consideration of various contour accuracy constraints, a feedrate scheduling model is established based on the fitted NURBS path, and a time-optimized feedrate profile is quickly planned by simplifying the model. In order to improve the interpolation accuracy and simplify the internal operation process of the interpolation, the interpolator is developed by adopting the idea of piecewise fitting, adding derivative constraints at the piecewise points, and using the Lagrange multiplier method to obtain a curve that satisfies the fitting precision. The motion trajectory of each axis is converted into a time-synchronized continuous cubic curve, and then these cubic curves are converted into PVT (position-velocity-time) interpolation instructions according to the principle of Hermitian interpolation. The method in this paper belongs to the curve interpolation method. Even at the corner of the path, the calculated interpolation point can accurately fall on the target path. At the same time, the proposed method can achieve higher contour accuracy with fewer interpolation commands. |
18,420 | Please write an abstract with title: A cross-species study of the protein-protein interaction networks via the random graph approach, and key words: Proteins, Electronics packaging, Databases, Biochemistry, Fungi, Organisms, Complex networks, Biological information theory, Bioinformatics. Abstract: We employed the random graph theory approach to analyze the protein-protein interacting database DIP, for six different species (S. cerevisiae, H. pylori, E. coli, H. sapiens, M. musculus and D. melanogaster). Two global topological parameters (node connectivity, average diameter) were used to characterize these protein-protein interaction networks (PINs). The logarithm of the connectivity distribution vs. the logarithm of connectivity plot indicates that it follows a power law behavior quite well for the six species. We also demonstrated that the interaction networks are quite robust when subject to random perturbation. Node degree correlation study supports the earlier results that nodes of low connectivity are correlated, whereas nodes of high connectivity are not directly linked. These results provided some evidence suggesting such correlation relations might be a general feature of the PINs across different species. |
18,421 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Temperature Controller for Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicle Applications, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Fuzzy logic, System performance, Conferences, Thermal management, Electric vehicles, Global warming. Abstract: Today, studies on battery tech in electric vehicle (EV) applications is growing rapidly in order to tackle the concerns of global warming and carbon emissions. The efficiency of EVs is dependent on precise measurement of essential factors in addition to the appropriate battery storage system performance based on its thermal management. Therefore, this paper discusses about the performance of lithium-ion battery with different types of controllers for EV which are proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller and Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC). Based on the simulation that has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink, the implementation of FLC helps in increasing the output response of battery compared to not using the controller or by using the PID controller. The results of FLC shown better performance than PID in which percentage overshoot of FLC is (0.501%) lesser than PID controller (8.152%). The comparison of the controllers is carried out in order to deploy the best controller of the battery thermal management system for the EV. Obtained results also show that the increased temperature effect the battery state of charge (SOC) which might deteriorate the EV performance. |
18,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Some techniques of vector control systems of medium voltage three-level inverters, and key words: Medium voltage, Inverters, Synchronous motors, Sampling methods, Optical sensors, Optical fiber sensors, Machine vector control, Electromagnetic compatibility, Delay, Filters. Abstract: Some problems and their solutions of vector control systems of medium voltage three-level inverters are introduced in this paper: Inverter output voltage and current measurements, counting the influence of output filter on vector control, compensating the delay of the current differential signals in calculating motor EMF, new motor voltage model, the current precontrol and compensation method of motor parameter variation. All the solution can be used for both induction and synchronous motor control systems. |
18,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Mutual coupling between antennas--Optimization of transistor parameters in active antenna design, and key words: Mutual coupling, Impedance, Loaded antennas, Antenna theory, Antenna radiation patterns, Dipole antennas, Microwave antenna arrays, Reflector antennas, Linear antenna arrays, Vectors. Abstract: It is demonstrated theoretically that mutual coupling effects on the radiation pattern of an element in the presence of another one can be reduced with appropriate loads. Constant coupling circles are calculated and plotted on a Smith chart. The choice of transistors for active antenna design then becomes clearer either for reception or for emission. |
18,424 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive Weighted Bagging Ensemble Learning Model for Zombie Enterprise Identification, and key words: Adaptation models, Training, Bagging, Classification algorithms, Computational modeling, Pattern recognition, Standards. Abstract: Zombie enterprise portrait and classification is one of the urgent problems in the current society, which has important practical significance and research value. This paper presents an adaptive weighted Bagging integrated learning method, which integrates 5 regular models and 8 pattern recognition models. The weight of the base classifier in integrated learning can be adjusted adaptively according to the training process to reduce the subjectivity and limitation of the regular model as much as possible. The accuracy, precision and recall rate of the model are all up to 1.0 in the experiment. At the same time, the strategy of data cleaning and missing item completion for problem domain is proposed. The research methods and results proposed in this paper have certain reference significance for the study of zombie enterprise portrait and classification and its related fields. |
18,425 | Please write an abstract with title: An Implementation and Design of a Digital Light Switch of Smart-Home Based on MQTT Broker, and key words: Home appliances, Technological innovation, Cloud computing, Switches, Light emitting diodes, Control systems, Software. Abstract: Home appliances are designed and manufactured for the market. Most users find that APPs are installed on smartphones or tablets to control home appliances with individual APP. Even light-bulbs with different brands or models need exclusive control software to corresponding light-bulbs. Thus, the smart and intelligent technology for smart-home is difficult to use due to different brands home-appliances from different manufactures. It lacks a standard to coordinate the control way like traditional light-bulbs-based E27 specs. For the light-bulbs of home appliances as an example, the traditional light-bulbs-based E27 lamp-holder have different fixtures and power-supply. Thus, new light-bulbs of home appliances for smart-home need a complex control-way besides electronic power to achieve smart functions and remote-control based on APPs on users' smart-phone. In this research, we try to integrate the internet of thing and message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) to design a mechanism and to implement a prototype web system to achieve an instant and visualized digital light switch of smart-home to solve the problems. For the validation of this research, we used a NodeMCU-32 microcontroller unit as a micro-controller to integrate with WS2812B LED strips to design light tube and light-bulb as the proof of concept (PoC) to demonstrate it in smart-home. |
18,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Position statement: TAPs all over my chips, and key words: Circuit testing, Pins, System-on-a-chip, Application specific integrated circuits, Integrated circuit testing, System testing, Hardware, Programming, Runtime, Embedded software. Abstract: Summary form only given. An increasing number of system-on-chip (SoC) application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) have more than one embedded processor with a test access port (TAP). A processor's TAP facilitates a hardware interface to a software development/debug tool. The author presents a technique whereby embedded TAPs can be accessed one at a time via a single TAP consisting of four or five pins. No TAP selection pins are required, and the runtime performance of debug software is relatively independent of the number of embedded processors. |
18,427 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-Layers Particle Swarm Optimizer, and key words: Optimization, Particle swarm optimization, Convergence, Benchmark testing, Conferences, Intelligent systems, Face. Abstract: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been recognized as one of the most widely used algorithms. One limitation of PSO is that it suffers from the problem of premature convergence which makes it easily trapped into local optima regions. To enhance its performances, this work presents a new PSO-based two layers optimizer. One layer is dedicated for performing the task of global search and the second layer is used for local search. Each layer consists of three search operations which are exploration, jump out, and convergence. To assess the performances of the proposed optimizer, CEC2010 large-scale optimization benchmark problems were used in this study. The outcomes indicated that the proposed optimizer outperformed other PSO variant algorithms in both convergence rate and average fitness value. |
18,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal closed-loop control of timed EventGraphs in dioids, and key words: Optimal control, Algebra, Adaptive control, Stability, Control systems, Petri nets, Computer aided manufacturing, System performance, Discrete event systems, Application software. Abstract: This note deals with the model-reference control of timed event graphs using the dioid algebra and the residuation theory. It proposes a control structure based on a precompensator and a feedback controller to improve the controlled system performance. It is shown that this approach always leads to an optimal behavior of the closed-loop system. An example is given to illustrate the proposed approach. |
18,429 | Please write an abstract with title: Discursive Manifestations of Contradictions in Rural Texas Communities, and key words: Monte Carlo methods, Interviews, Professional communication. Abstract: In this study of rural Texas communities, we identify different discursive manifestations of contradictions (DMCs): historically forming disturbances in or long-forming societal tensions that develop in relatively durable activity systems. We contrast C2, which had the highest number of DMCs in our study, to C1, which had the lowest. Based on a detailed analysis of these DMCs, we argue that the high number in C2’s interviews reflects C2’s readiness to recognize each others’ interests and deliberate about a shared future. This analysis suggests that DMCs can help professional communicators to productively analyze discourse to diagnose community concerns—a starting point for constructive community dialogue. |
18,430 | Please write an abstract with title: FLDDoS: DDoS Attack Detection Model based on Federated Learning, and key words: Deep learning, Privacy, Data privacy, Computational modeling, Clustering algorithms, Denial-of-service attack, Collaborative work. Abstract: Recently, DDoS attack has developed rapidly and become one of the most important threats to the Internet. Traditional machine learning and deep learning methods can-not train a satisfactory model based on the data of a single client. Moreover, in the real scenes, there are a large number of devices used for traffic collection, these devices often do not want to share data between each other depending on the research and analysis value of the attack traffic, which limits the accuracy of the model. Therefore, to solve these problems, we design a DDoS attack detection model based on federated learning named FLDDoS, so that the local model can learn the data of each client without sharing the data. In addition, considering that the distribution of attack detection datasets is extremely imbalanced and the proportion of attack samples is very small, we propose a hierarchical aggregation algorithm based on K-Means and a data resampling method based on SMOTEENN. The result shows that our model improves the accuracy by 4% compared with the traditional method, and reduces the number of communication rounds by 40%. |
18,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Solution to the indexing problem of multidimensional DFT's on arbitrary sampling lattices, and key words: Indexing, Multidimensional systems, Sampling methods, Lattices, Equations, Partitioning algorithms, Matrices, Computer science, Flexible printed circuits, Geometry. Abstract: A method for implementing the indexing step of multidimensional FFTs is presented. The initial arrangement of the multidimensional data bears a heavy effect on the rearranging of the data. The proposed method seeks an appropriate geometry for the data which allows partial decoupling between the different dimensions. The result is a set of linear integer equations which is solved using the Smith normal factorization of the periodicity matrix. The hexagonal indexing algorithm is given as an illustration. |
18,432 | Please write an abstract with title: Advances in the crystal growth and device fabrication technology of CdZnTe room temperature radiation detectors, and key words: Fabrication, Temperature, Radiation detectors, Crystalline materials, Crystals, Gamma ray detectors, Conductivity, Doping, Charge carrier lifetime, Life estimation. Abstract: The performance of CdZnTe room-temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detectors is determined by material and device defects that govern carrier transport trough the device. In this contribution, we review common bulk, interface, and surface defects and their effects on charge transport, charge transport uniformity, and device performance. We note that pure CdZnTe grown under Te-rich conditions has an excess of Cd-vacancies and other Te-related native defects and must be electrically compensated in order to obtain high resistivity material. Through the critical analysis of the various compensation schemes it is shown that deep level defects must be introduced with donor doping elements in order to achieve a practical compensation technique. The role of carrier trapping and limitations on detector performance with increasing crystal size are discussed. Based on typical measured carrier lifetimes and the available literature data on carrier capture cross sections, we estimate that the residual acceptor concentration in CdZnTe detector crystals is much lower than widely thought, about 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ instead of 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/. The deleterious effects of structural defects within single crystals are also discussed. We also provide a brief overview of the progress in CdZnTe crystal growth and device fabrication technologies aiming at reducing the concentration of the detrimental defects and improving CdZnTe detector performance. |
18,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Skin Disease Classification using Dermoscopy Images through Deep Feature Learning Models and Machine Learning Classifiers, and key words: Temperature sensors, Deep learning, Pollution, Malignant tumors, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Skin. Abstract: Skin is one of the very important and largest organs of the human body that helps in regulating the body temperature and is responsible for sensations such as feel, touch, hot and cold. These days, skin problems are very common in day-to-day life. There may be many reasons for skin diseases: unbalanced and impure diet, several types of pollutions, or maybe family heredity. However, if skin disease after a long treatment does not show any sign of improvement or the skin cells grow abnormally, this may lead to skin cancer. There are many forms of skin cancer. For early and timely diagnosis of skin cancer, an efficient technique is required at utmost importance. Many people across the globe lost their lives due to the late diagnosis. Therefore, a technique that is cost-effective, quicker, and easily accessible needs a higher demand. These days for the classification of images, machine learning, and deep learning techniques proved to be the most efficient approach. In this paper, the dataset of several images of a benign and malignant tumor was taken and pre-processed. Once all the images were pre-processed, they are ready to fed in several CNN models. These models extract the features and pass the images to several machine learning classifiers for the classification of moles as benign or malignant. The results verify by using the classification approach it becomes very much easy for the dermatologist to easily detect the lesions and provide the appropriate treatment to the patient to save the life. |
18,434 | Please write an abstract with title: Growth of carbon nanotubes on silicon nano-protrusions, and key words: Carbon nanotubes, Silicon, Substrates, Iron, Chemical vapor deposition, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness, Plasma applications, Hydrogen, Radio frequency. Abstract: This paper reports a newly-developed growth control technique of carbon nanotubes by forming nano-sized protrusions on surface of a substrate. This technique consists of formation of nano-protrusions on a silicon substrate by reactive ion etching in chlorine plasma and growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Results show that the existence of the nano-protrusions gives lower growth density and the smaller diameter of CNTs. |
18,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-sensor Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Dempster-Shafer Theory, and key words: Uncertainty, Computer simulation, Data integration, Data collection, Entropy, Probability distribution. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of uncertainty in multi-sensor data collection, a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm (MSDF) based on D-S theory is proposed. By calculating the distance between the data, the trust function is obtained to eliminate the abnormal data, calculate the basic probability distribution function for the correct data obtained as the original evidence body. The improved Deng entropy is used to quantify the uncertainty of the evidence body and form new evidence, which is fused according to the D-S theory. Computer simulation result shows that the algorithm effectively solves the high conflict problem in D-S theory and improves the accuracy of data fusion. |
18,436 | Please write an abstract with title: Compact microwave band-pass filters, and key words: Band pass filters, Quadratic programming, Hydrogen, Microwave technology, Organizing, IEEE catalog. Abstract: We have processed dielectric resonator filters in 7.5-8.7 GHz and 3.4-3.9 GHz ranges, which are applied in radio-relay stations for frequency division. Filters are realised on the base of high Q factor ceramics ALTK and TBNS. Electric parameters of filters provide the possibility to configure stations with any trunk structure. This paper describes the structure and shows electric parameters of band-pass filters. |
18,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Power optimization Techniques in High Frequency Processor Blocks, and key words: Design methodology, Optimization methods, Very large scale integration, Power dissipation, Registers, Transistors, History. Abstract: Processor designers focus on decreasing the size of the processor and increasing the number of transistors. As transistor channel length decreases, power dissipation becomes a major concern for designers. This paper discusses several circuit level power reduction techniques that can be implemented on custom design blocks of CPU. These methods are implemented on designs in which formerly popular power optimization techniques have already been introduced. They can be deployed at a stage in the design flow where Register Transfer Level (RTL) optimization is not possible anymore. The methods can be used to save dynamic power dissipation both in clock path as well as data path of complex digital circuits like the circuits present in processor design. |
18,438 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method of False Alarm Recognition in Built-in Test Considering Its Time Series Characteristics, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Support vector machines, Recurrent neural networks, Time series analysis, Hidden Markov models, Artificial neural networks, Tools. Abstract: Built-in test (BIT) technology provides an effective way of state monitoring, and is widely used in many fields. However, the false alarm prevents its wider usage and reduces its reliability. The existing BIT methods typically assume that the probability of generating a false alarm is a stationary process, which is typically a far too simplifying assumption. In this article, we propose a new method of false alarm recognition, considering the time series characteristics of BIT. The presented method divides the evolution process of false alarm into three phases, and the false alarm recognition in the intermediate phase is discussed and studied. Multiclassification support-vector machine is introduced to identify the intermediate phase, and a new feature, the irrational entropy, is proposed as its input. Based on the phase identification result, we construct a hidden Markov model for every state-normal, false alarm, and faulty state. The state with the highest probability is taken as the true state. Finally, a dc-dc converter is taken as an example, and the proposed method is applied and compared with the repeated test method, artificial neural network and recurrent neural network. The results show that the presented method outperforms the other algorithms. |
18,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of Eddy Current Loss on Electromagnetic Field and Temperature Field of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Generator With the Toroidal Windings, and key words: Eddy currents, Windings, Rotors, Stator cores, Generators, Temperature distribution, Analytical models, Permanent magnet motors, Three-dimensional displays, High-speed electronics. Abstract: The toroidal windings can shorten the axial length of the machine, so it is widely used in high-speed permanent magnet machine. However, under high-frequency operation, the magnetic flux leakage generated by the toroidal windings can cause a lot of eddy current loss on the shell, which will negatively influence the heat dissipation of the machine, resulting to overheating and the machine being unable to function. In this paper, the 40kW,20000rpm high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG) with the toroidal windings is taken as an example to analysis the shell eddy current loss. Based on Laplace and Poisson equations, a quickly analytical calculation model of the shell eddy current loss is established, the influencing factors of the shell eddy current loss are elucidated. By using the finite element method (FEM), the influence of the shell structure and the shell material on the shell eddy current loss is studied, the mechanism of nonlinear variation of eddy current loss is revealed. In addition, the influence of load on the eddy current loss is studied. Furthermore, the 3-D temperature field calculation model of the generator is established, the influence of the shell eddy current loss on the generator temperature is studied, and the temperature distribution is obtained. Finally, the electromagnetic test and temperature rise experiment of the generator are carried out, while the experimental and finite element results are compared to verify the correctness of the model. |
18,440 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacitive humidity sensor using a polyimide sensing film, and key words: Humidity, Capacitive sensors, Polyimides, Electrodes, Aluminum, Fingers, Insulation, Mathematical model, Design optimization, Absorption. Abstract: This paper investigates novel isolation and patterning schemes to increase the sensitivity of a capacitive humidity sensor based on a polyimide sensitive layer. We obtained an optimum sensitivity of 23% using aluminum interdigitated electrodes with fingers of 1 /spl mu/m width separated by 1 /spl mu/m, deposited on a first insulating polyimide layer and covered by two more polyimide layers whose upper one features a regular array of holes to increase the active surface area. A mathematical model was developed to optimize its sensitivity regarding water absorption factor, electrodes design and ratio between active and parasitic capacitances. Its process was optimized to be fully compatible with usual CMOS-IC processes in order to finally be able to fabricate a humidity smart sensor. |
18,441 | Please write an abstract with title: Bridge Risk Assessment using Integrated Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis and VIKOR Approach, and key words: Bridges, Industries, Costs, Linguistics, Risk management. Abstract: The high probability of failure of concrete bridges due to their deterioration over time necessitates the implementation of risk assessment tools. One risk assessment tool that has been applied extensively and proven to be effective is the failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA). The purpose of FMECA is to determine and assess all possible failure modes and analyze their causes and effects in order to eliminate them before they can occur. The application of FMECA in construction and infrastructure industries, in general, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to build a framework for implementing FMECA in bridge risk assessment in combination with the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method to avoid the problems associated with the traditional FMECA method. The aim of the proposed model is to serve as a guide for ranking and prioritizing failure modes of concrete bridges under a fuzzy environment. |
18,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-wideband generation and detection of terahertz waveforms, and key words: Submillimeter wave detectors, Signal generators, Signal sampling. Abstract: We present novel photoconductive (PC) switching geometries for the generation of both transmission-line-coupled and free-space terahertz (THz) waveforms. Insight is gained into the operation of these devices through time-resolved electro-optic sampling. |
18,443 | Please write an abstract with title: Forest Fire Prediction for NASA Satellite Dataset Using Machine Learning, and key words: Satellites, Machine learning algorithms, Roads, NASA, Forestry, Prediction algorithms, Boosting. Abstract: Natural resources play an essential role in living, but natural hazards hinder the sustainable development of humans and living things. An increase in global warming increases the probability of climate-related disasters. In this study forest, a fire information dataset from NASA is taken for the experiment. The dataset contains data using the two instruments as one is MODIS and another is VIIRS D-NPP. Various machine learning models are used in this experiment, and Gradient Boosting Classifier for both satellites MODIS and VIIRS-NPP achieved 96% accuracy for MODIS and 98% for VIIRS-NPP datasets. In the future FIRM, the author will use the dataset for the experiment. |
18,444 | Please write an abstract with title: Downlink Interoperability Model of LTE/Wi-Fi Integration/Coexistence With Performance Evaluation, and key words: Performance evaluation, Conferences, Computational modeling, Downlink, Long Term Evolution, Wireless fidelity, Load modeling. Abstract: The major concern of mobile operators is to improve the performance of the network by maximizing the capacity while maintaining proper utilization of the traffic in the network. Consequently, performance evaluation of the new generation of wireless mobile networks is a serious issue to be considered in future research in the uplink as well as in the downlink to meet the continuous demand for higher data rate, better utilization of network resources. For this purpose, an interoperability-integrated model in the downlink for both LTE and Wi-Fi technologies is proposed. Two virtual zones are assumed; a micro Wi-Fi free-unlicensed spectrum is in the inner zone, surrounded by a macro LTE licensed spectrum in the outer zone. The primary user data connections are served by the LTE outer zone, whereas the best-effort user data connections are served by Wi-Fi inner zone. Given an assumed maximum capacity of the whole cell, the call admission control algorithm is based on a minimum bit rate that should be satisfied by the request to be admitted to the cell. Besides, based on the type of service, a priority level is given to each service. The LTE zone serves higher priority requests, however, lower priority requests are forwarded by the LTE zone to be served by the Wi-Fi inner zone; hence, the balance of the traffic over the whole network will be achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed model of coexistence hurts LTE performance, however, the integration between both technologies has an advantage on the overall cell performance by maximizing the capacity network. Hence, the traffic is distributed between both technologies, and therefore, the load will be balanced all over the whole network. |
18,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance of a three electrode triggered high-energy spark switch, and key words: Electrodes, Switches, Magnetic fields, Voltage, Magnetic switching, Pulse power systems, Spark gaps, Jitter, Solid state circuits, Rails. Abstract: High-energy switch is one of important components in many pulse power systems. The most popular switch up-to-date is spark-gap switch. Although spark switch is capable of handling voltages and currents great, they have one main disadvantage. They have a finite lifetime, the main reason is related to electrode erosion. To extend the switch lifetime by minimizing electrode erosion, rotary arc gap-switches (RAG) were proposed in the literatures. The rotation of the arc can be achieved by providing an external rotating magnetic field from outside or by self-induced magnetic field. Since the rail-gap switch has the advantages of low impedance, long burn-out life, wide operating range and low jitter time. In this paper we combine the RAG and rail-gap together, designed a switch, and the characteristic of the switch has been studied. The switch has low jitter and wide operating voltage range. The results indicate that the RAG switch employing a sharp knife-edge electrode as a third trigger electrode can distinctly reduce the electrode erosion and prolong the lifetime of the switch. The surface conditions and photomicrographs of the electrode surface of two materials (aluminum and brass) are presented. |
18,446 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine learning regression for QoT estimation of unestablished lightpaths, and key words: Nonlinear optics, Tools, Optical fiber networks, Adaptive optics, Numerical models, Uncertainty, Probability distribution. Abstract: Estimating the quality of transmission (QoT) of a candidate lightpath prior to its establishment is of pivotal importance for effective decision making in resource allocation for optical networks. Several recent studies investigated machine learning (ML) methods to accurately predict whether the configuration of a prospective lightpath satisfies a given threshold on a QoT metric such as the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR) or the bit error rate. Given a set of features, the GSNR for a given lightpath configuration may still exhibit variations, as it depends on several other factors not captured by the features considered. It follows that the GSNR associated with a lightpath configuration can be modeled as a random variable and thus be characterized by a probability distribution function. However, most of the existing approaches attempt to directly answer the question “is a given lightpath configuration (e.g., with a given modulation format) feasible on a certain path?” but do not consider the additional benefit that estimating the entire statistical distribution of the metric under observation can provide. Hence, in this paper, we investigate how to employ ML regression approaches to estimate the distribution of the received GSNR of unestablished lightpaths. In particular, we discuss and assess the performance of three regression approaches by leveraging synthetic data obtained by means of two different data generation tools. We evaluate the performance of the three proposed approaches on a realistic network topology in terms of root mean squared error and R2 score and compare them against a baseline approach that simply predicts the GSNR mean value. Moreover, we provide a cost analysis by attributing penalties to incorrect deployment decisions and emphasize the benefits of leveraging the proposed estimation approaches from the point of view of a network operator, which is allowed to make more informed decisions about lightpath deployment with respect to state-of-the-art QoT classification techniques. |
18,447 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Data Stream Learning Approach to Tackle One-Sided Label Noise From Verification Latency, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Estimation, Software, Delays, Labeling, Noise measurement. Abstract: Many real-world data stream applications suffer from verification latency, where the labels of the training examples arrive with a delay. In binary classification problems, the labeling process frequently involves waiting for a pre-determined period of time to observe an event that assigns the example to a given class. Once this time passes, if such labeling event does not occur, the example is labeled as belonging to the other class. For example, in software defect prediction, one may wait to see if a defect is associated to a software change implemented by a developer, producing a defect-inducing training example. If no defect is found during the waiting time, the training example is labeled as clean. Such verification latency inherently causes label noise associated to insufficient waiting time. For example, a defect may be observed only after the pre-defined waiting time has passed, resulting in a noisy example of the clean class. Due to the nature of the waiting time, such noise is frequently one-sided, meaning that it only occurs to examples of one of the classes. However, no existing work tackles label noise associated to verification latency. This paper proposes a novel data stream learning approach that estimates the confidence in the labels assigned to the training examples and uses this to improve predictive performance in problems with one-sided label noise. Our experiments with 14 real-world datasets from the domain of software defect prediction demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to existing ones. |
18,448 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of DAC Phase Offset in IEC 61850-9-2 Calibration Systems, and key words: Calibration, Discrete Fourier transforms, Temperature measurement, Synchronization, IEC Standards, Global Positioning System, Uncertainty. Abstract: This article presents an accurate and robust method to calculate the phase offset of a reference waveform, usually produced by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in IEC Std 61850-9-2 calibration systems. The phase offset is defined with respect to the rising edge of a reference clock signal, locked to the Global Positioning System (GPS). The proposed method relies on the synchronous acquisition of the DAC output and the clock signal. In the complex plane, where the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is defined, the acquired signals are processed to compensate the nonideal sampling rate and windowing. The method performance and its dependence from noise and parameters are thoroughly characterized by means of extensive numerical simulations. Two validation approaches, experimental and software-based, confirm the proposed method as a valuable and robust solution for calibration purposes. |
18,449 | Please write an abstract with title: Education 4.0: An Adaptive Framework with Artificial Intelligence, Raspberry Pi and Wearables - Innovation for Creating Value, and key words: Education, Biological control systems, Sensors, Artificial intelligence, Wearable computers, Task analysis, Key performance indicator. Abstract: The Education 4.0 process can be used to foster students' performance, to motivate them by means of adaptive and personalized learning, to automate answering routine questions and to improve the quality of online examinations. It releases teachers from routine tasks, and it enables them to be more involved in the individualization of the educational process and in innovation. We apply artificial intelligence methodology to motivate students to improve their performance, and to identify early in course which students are at-risk of dropping out. In the adaptive Education 4.0 loT framework, the environmental and embedded sensors from wearables examine biosignals with biofeedback, such as pulse (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), thereby increasing students' self-reflection, and allowing for a more personalized learning experience. The first experiments corroborate meaningful correlations between the data-points reached in the self-assessments, and values of the biosignals. |
18,450 | Please write an abstract with title: Memristor Dynamics Enabled Computing, and key words: Memristors, Switches, Information processing, Differential equations, Electrical stimulation, Biology, Nonlinear dynamical systems. Abstract: Since the connection of the theoretical memristor concept with physical resistive switching devices in 2008, tremendous progress has been made in terms of material and device technology developments and their applications in memory and computing systems. The physical embodiments of memristors correspond to various resistive switching devices based on different mechanisms. These mechanisms endow the memristors with rich nonlinear dynamics, which is key to constructing biologically plausible dynamic computing systems. Memristor can be described as a set of differential equations that indicate how the internal state variables determine device characteristics and how external electrical stimulations influence these state variables. The increases in the number of state variables and internal dynamics have dramatically enriched the dynamics and functionality of memristors. Further exploration and control of such dynamics are essential for highly efficient information processing applications. |
18,451 | Please write an abstract with title: Modular Multilevel Converter With Self-Energy Equalization for Medium Voltage AC Drive Applications, and key words: Capacitors, Legged locomotion, Medium voltage, Semiconductor devices, Voltage control, Topology, Capacitance. Abstract: The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising candidate for high-/medium-voltage high-power applications such as medium voltage ac drives due to its modularity, reliability, and scalability. The main challenge of a conventional MMC is low-frequency operation. Capacitor voltage ripple is inversely proportional to the operating frequency. Hence, operating at low frequency necessitates employing large submodule capacitances to limit voltage ripple or the utilization of energy equalization modules (EEMs). The first option negatively affects converter lifetime, and the second option requires a large number of semiconductor devices and isolating transformers. In this article, a modified MMC topology with self-energy equalization is proposed to ensure converter operation with balanced capacitor voltages with low ripple during zero-/low-frequency conditions. Operating with balanced capacitor voltages with low ripple is achieved by maintaining the same energy level in the involved upper and lower arms. A low device count alternative to the EEMs approach is proposed in this work. Detailed illustration of the operational concept and design of the associated passive components is presented. The performance of the proposed medium voltage ac drive is elucidated through simulation and experimental results. |
18,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple, effective computation of principal eigenvectors and their eigenvalues and application to high-resolution estimation of frequencies, and key words: Frequency estimation, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Covariance matrix, Parameter estimation, Matrix decomposition, Signal processing, Algorithms, Gaussian noise, Signal detection, Principal component analysis. Abstract: We present the results of an investigation of the Prony-Lanczos (P-L) method [14], [38] and the power method [39] for simple computation of approximations to a few eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix. We are motivated by realization of high-resolution signal processing in an integrated circuit. The computational speeds of the above methods are analyzed. They are completely dependent on the speed of a matrix-vector product operation. If only a few eigenvalues or eigenvectors are needed, the suggested methods can substitute for methods of the LINPACK or EISPACK subroutine libraries. The accuracies of the suggested methods are evaluated using matrices formed from simulated data consisting of two sinusoids plus Gaussian noise. Comparisons are made to the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained using LINPACK as a reference. Also, the accuracies of frequency estimates obtained from the eigenvectors are compared. |
18,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of micro population data for each building: Case study in Tokyo and Bangkok, and key words: Sociology, Statistics, Urban areas, Floors, Monitoring, Planning. Abstract: This study developed the micro population data (MPD) across Tokyo and Bangkok which can monitor the estimated number of residents pre building using detailed building maps and population census in subdistrict units. In addition, the reliability of MPD was verified by comparing it with population census with higher resolution than subdistrict unit in Tokyo. As a result, it has become possible to develop MPDs that are strongly correlated with the population census of various aggregation units and have small errors. |
18,454 | Please write an abstract with title: On Trend Hybrid Pattern Generation in Fabrics using Machine Learning, and key words: Feature extraction, Market research, Machine learning, Image color analysis, Clothing, Training, Shape. Abstract: In recent years, there has been an immense demand for unique designs across creative industries. This demand for designs is significantly fueled by social media trends, innovations in technology, industry and consumer psychology. Most of the designs patterns from the industry are curetted by designers. Therefore, there is an increased need for designers to create unique patterns based on user preferences in the shortest time possible. The proposed system described in this paper is intended to build a artificial neural network with three fully connected hidden layer to generate unique hybrid design patterns with the help of an input image from the user. The designs that are created through this network of neurons are called as hybrid designs because these patterns are generated by specialized algorithms having image transformation techniques like pencil sketch, watercolor and pattern merge. Thus the generated images ends up being ranked by the user making the model learn with updated weights every time the preferences are changed. The primary goal of utilizing this network is to improve deal through insightful automation in designing patterns. |
18,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved method of selecting data in a nonrelational database, and key words: Databases, Social networking (online), NoSQL databases, Memory management, User interfaces, Search problems, Market research. Abstract: People surround themselves with data in many ways, which evokes the need for correct ways of storing the data. Nowadays, the trend tends to lean in favor of data storing in nonrelational (or NoSQL) databases. These databases are used in various user applications, which need a huge volume of the data highly accessible and do not require big data consistency. The problem of the data growth and its storing in the nonrelational databases results in the decreasing efficiency of searching in data. In the paper, we present use of very popular in-memory database in order to help us with this lack of efficiency of the data searching. This paper examines the data searching in applications hosted by Amazon cloud service while using nonrelational database DynamoDB. We develop new procedures to provide faster response to user and to obtain the data using nonrelational database DynamoDB. These procedures provide the queried data and subsequently, transfer them into the memory. The given procedures are based on two methods. The first method is a recognition of values, the user refers to and the provision of this data to the in-memory database. The second method is related to the automatic storing of the data transferred to the in-memory database. We perform number of experiments, which are describing a limitation of efficiency/inefficiency from a perspective computational time. |
18,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Methods of creation of lightning protection zones near tall telecommunication structures according to different national standards, and key words: Lightning protection, Poles and towers, IEC standards, Production facilities, Telecommunication standards, Design methodology, Buildings, Costs, Atmospheric measurements, Volume measurement. Abstract: Problems of creation of lightning protection zones, especially around antenna towers and masts, are considered in the paper. The design methods are compared based on a review of selected standards and literature. |
18,457 | Please write an abstract with title: Developments of high power fiber lasers, and key words: High power fiber lasers, Fiber lasers, Ultrafast optics, Tunable circuits and devices. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. We investigate Yb-doped and Er:Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers in different optical configuration. All-fiber tunable lasers are realized and characterized. High energy femtosecond laser is also studied. |
18,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Mail Security Alert Using PCA and Eigen Victor: A Review, and key words: Training, Image recognition, Databases, Face recognition, Streaming media, Real-time systems, Security. Abstract: Real time face recognition has been used to implement a real-time approach for the identification of faces in a security camera induced video stream. Consequently, both facial identification and facial recognition techniques are briefly listed and related technical data are not omitted. The solution proposed was essentially to apply and validate the recognition algorithm Eigenfaces which uses principal component analysis in order to solve the recognition problem of two-dimensional faces. The snapshots reflecting the input images of your device are projected onto a face space (characteristic space) that explains better the variance for the set of facial images. The ‘owners,’ which are the characteristic vectors of the face set, define the face space. These elements help to rebuild a fresh face image that has been projected into face space with considerable details (named weight). To identify the human being, in this feature space the current picture projection is compared to the available projections from the training array. The PCA technique is used since it is effective in developing facial recognition systems. The frame will conduct real-time facial detection and analysis as well as provide feedback in the form of a window showing the details from the database of the topic and send an e-mail to interested organisations. |
18,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybersecurity, and key words: Process control, Integrated circuits, Protocols, Cryptography, Transient analysis, Control systems, Computer crime. Abstract: This chapter describes fundamental concepts of security and cybersecurity within the context of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) and Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) and their control subsystems. It identifies the fundamental properties of a cybersecure system and the design principles and techniques used to help ensure such properties. Many standards, processes, and techniques exist for minimizing the negative effects of cybersecurity events and breaches in order to reduce the consequences on the system or process being controlled. The chapter also describes the most common techniques and mechanisms used to achieve different aspects of the three fundamental security properties of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It introduces secure design principles that must be carefully taken into consideration when designing, modifying, maintaining, and configuring a cyber‐enabled ICS or CPS. The chapter overviews processes and techniques used for security management, risk assessment, threat mitigation, and incident detection and response. |
18,460 | Please write an abstract with title: GaAs-based GaAsNSe/GaAs superlattices emitting at 1.5 /spl mu/m-wavelength region, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Superlattices, X-ray scattering, Temperature dependence, Luminescence, Laser sintering, Doping, Conducting materials, Lead, Photonic band gap. Abstract: GaAsNSe/GaAs superlattices (SLs) were grown on GaAs(001) substrates by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). Strong photoluminessence (PL) emission with wide luminescence line at 1.5 μm-wavelength region was observed. It was found that nonradiative recombination in GaAsNSe layers was suppressed by heavy Se doping. GaAsNSe alloy is expected to be a new material for the 1.5 μm-wavelength devices of the GaAs based ststem. |
18,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete event simulation of an automated warehouse inspection system with drones, and key words: Wireless communication, System performance, Prototypes, Inspection, Control systems, Discrete event simulation, Topology. Abstract: A discrete event simulation model was designed and implemented in order to test and optimize the operation of a prototypical automated warehouse inspection system based on drones and wireless communications. The system prototype, which included both hardware and software parts, was developed and presented elsewhere. We applied the simulation model under realistic conditions particular for a specific warehouse originally used for testing the said system prototype. We test various ”whatif” scenarios by varying a couple of key control parameters with the purpose of demonstrating how discrete event simulation is useful not only for testing such a system but also for aiding design and system parameterization for optimal performance and efficiency. |
18,462 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel printed microwave guiding/radiating structure, and key words: Bismuth, Boundary conditions, Paper technology, Differential equations, Microwave frequencies, Microstrip, Dielectrics, Helical antennas, Propagation constant, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: A new type of microwave structure is investigated. The structure can be fabricated using printed-circuit techniques; it has slow-wave characteristics similar to those of a helix; it also exhibits leaky-wave characteristics. The characteristic equations for the different modes of the structure are derived and the dispersion characteristics calculated. Results show the slow-wave nature of the structure, the effects of variation in the physical parameters, and the leaky-wave characteristics. Preliminary measurement results, supporting the leaky-wave characteristics, are also presented. The structure is expected to have potential applications in guided-wave, radiating, and electron-beam devices. |
18,463 | Please write an abstract with title: A Relax-and-Solve Algorithm for the Ordered Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Optimization, Schedules, Processor scheduling, Job shop scheduling, Linear programming, Benchmark testing. Abstract: In the ordered flow-shop scheduling problem the processing times follow specific structures. We propose a relax-and-solve matheuristic for the ordered flow-shop problem to minimize the makespan, which is proven to be NP-hard. We compare the performance of our method and that of the state-of-the-art methods, and show that the proposed method is capable of reporting new best solutions for a large number of instances, and has the average gap of as low as 0.046% from the best known solutions. |
18,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Self-Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation, and key words: Deep learning, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Semantics, Computer architecture, Image restoration, Decoding. Abstract: The deep neural network model based on self-attention (SA) for obtaining rich contextual information has been widely adopted in semantic segmentation. However, the computational complexity of the standard self-attentive module is high, which partly limits the use of this module. In this work, we propose the lightweight self-attention network (LSANet) for semantic segmentation. Specifically, the Lightweight Self-Attentive Module (LSAM) captures information using a hand-designed compact feature representation, and weighted fusion of position information. In the decoder structure, an improved up-sampling module is proposed. Compared with the bilinear upsampling, this method achieves better results in restoring image details. The experimental results on PASCAL VOC 2012, and Cityscapes datasets show the effectiveness of our method, which simplifies operations and improves performance. |
18,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrocardiography based System for Characterization of Diabetes, and key words: Diabetes, Support vector machines, Electrocardiography, Sugar, Feature extraction, Blood, Insulin. Abstract: Diabetes is a frequent endocrine disorder that is categorized by the rising of sugar level in blood. Nevertheless, there is no permanent treatment for diabetes, but attention keeps on limiting diseases by controlling the insulin level in different ways. The most frequent illness due to diabetes includes retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. The current technique accessible for recognition of diabetes is an invasive approach. Regular assault can cause bloodstream and discomfort due to blunt on the fingers. Therefore, this research focuses on the identification of diabetes through ECG signals. The major contribution of the research includes its non-invasive method for the diagnosis of diabetes. The data is acquired form 24 participants. Including 10 diabetic and 14 normal subjects. Empirical Mode Decomposition is used to denoise the ECG signal. The proposed methodology provided an accuracy of 96.8% on the self-collected database via the support vector machine classifier. |
18,466 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Multiscale Model Based on Boosting Method in HSIs Ground Object Recognition, and key words: Training, Frequency-domain analysis, Feature extraction, Boosting, Object recognition, Gabor filters, Hyperspectral imaging. Abstract: Ground object recognition from remote sensing images is an important hotspot of hyperspectral image recognition in recent years. Most methods mainly focus on pixel or spectral characteristics to classify hyperspectral images (HSIs), but they do not fully express the inherent spatial multi-scale features and frequency domain structural features of the data. A novel and unified model that integrates Multi-scale Gabor and LPQ features (Ms-GLPQ) is proposed, which fully extracts and fuses the multiscale structural features in the spatial and frequency domain of HSIs. Finally, a multi-feature region descriptor with stronger discrimination is obtained, and then the boosting tree methods of machine learning are carried out for recognition. Few-shot learning (about 3% for training) recognition experiments are conducted on three public HSIs datasets, and the accuracy is significantly improved. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed model compared with the traditional feature extraction methods. Besides, higher recognition accuracy is acquired by the boosting tree model classifier, which illustrates the applicability of the Ms-GLPQ model on the ground object recognition in HSIs. |
18,467 | Please write an abstract with title: CrossCLR: Cross-modal Contrastive Learning For Multi-modal Video Representations, and key words: Computer vision. Abstract: Contrastive learning allows us to flexibly define powerful losses by contrasting positive pairs from sets of negative samples. Recently, the principle has also been used to learn cross-modal embeddings for video and text, yet without exploiting its full potential. In particular, previous losses do not take the intra-modality similarities into account, which leads to inefficient embeddings, as the same content is mapped to multiple points in the embedding space. With CrossCLR, we present a contrastive loss that fixes this issue. Moreover, we define sets of highly related samples in terms of their input embeddings and exclude them from the negative samples to avoid issues with false negatives. We show that these principles consistently improve the quality of the learned embeddings. The joint embeddings learned with CrossCLR extend the state of the art in video-text retrieval on Youcook2 and LSMDC datasets and in video captioning on Youcook2 dataset by a large margin. We also demonstrate the generality of the concept by learning improved joint embeddings for other pairs of modalities. |
18,468 | Please write an abstract with title: SED-MDD: Towards Sentence Dependent End-To-End Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis, and key words: Annotations, Computational modeling, Training data, Speech recognition, Linguistics, Feature extraction, Acoustics. Abstract: A mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MD&D) system typically consists of multiple stages, such as an acoustic model, a language model and a Viterbi decoder. In order to integrate these stages, we propose SED-MDD, an end-to-end model for sentence dependent mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MD&D) . Our proposed model takes mel-spectrogram and characters as inputs and outputs the corresponding phone sequence. Our experiments prove that SED-MDD can implicitly learn the phonological rules in both acoustic and linguistic features directly from the phonological annotation and transcription in the training data. To the best of our knowledge, SED-MDD is the first model of its kind and it achieves an accuracy of 86.35% and a correctness of 88.61% on L2-ARCTIC which significantly outperforms the existing end-to-end mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MD&D) model CNN-RNN-CTC. |
18,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Interactive Attention Network for Chinese Address Element Recognition, and key words: Mobile communication, Task analysis. Abstract: Existing Named Entity Recognition (NER) models have achieved good performance, but they have low accuracy in Chinese address element recognition tasks. After analysis, we believe that the boundary information of the address text is more sensitive than the general text, and the sentences are independent of each other, unlike the general paragraph-style text with contextual connections. On the other hand, the previous NER models rarely consider the use of interaction between subtasks to enhance the performance of the NER task.This paper proposes an Interactive Attention Network (IAN) model, which uses boundary-based information and type-based information to improve NER task performance and introduces an interaction mechanism to share information between each subtask. In addition, a boundary auxiliary module is added to obtain explicit boundary information. The experimental results show that the proposed IAN model can solve the address element recognition task more effectively. |
18,470 | Please write an abstract with title: On information closures of exponential families:a counterexample, and key words: Density measurement, Information theory, Extraterrestrial measurements, Entropy, Topology, Measurement standards, Mathematics. Abstract: A closure of an exponential family in reversed information divergence may be neither reverse information-closed nor log-convex. |
18,471 | Please write an abstract with title: Mid Atlantic Bight Prototype Wave Monitoring Network Engineering, and key words: Prototypes, Monitoring, Design engineering, Sea measurements, Satellites, Data engineering, Real time systems, System testing, Oceans, Reliability engineering. Abstract: This paper describes the engineering effort required to implement a prototype waves measurement system for near real-time acquisition and dissemination of wave amplitude data in the Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB) for the NOAA Coastal Waves Program (CWP). From late 1981 through mid 1983, a variety of methods were employed to extend coastal waves measurements further offshore from the previous CWP line-of-sight buoy system to the edge of the MAB continental shelf. These included a Waverider Satellite (WRS) Buoy, which transmits wave data through GOES satellites and position data through TIROS satellites, and the corresponding deep water mooring system, both of which required extensive developmental testing and modification to meet CWP mission requirements with high reliability and quantifiable accuracy. These efforts are described separately in the following text. |
18,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency Improvement of Step-Up Series Resonant DC-DC Converter in Buck Operating Mode, and key words: Voltage control, Inverters, Capacitors, Topology, Pulse width modulation, Microgrids, DC-DC power converters. Abstract: The paper focuses on the galvanically isolated series-resonant dc-dc converter (SRC) operating at low values of the quality factor of the resonant tank. The SRC topology is considered as a step-up front-end dc-dc converter with buck-boost functionality for integration of renewable energy sources in dc microgrids. The input voltage range could be expanded significantly by implementing different buck control methods at the constant switching frequency. Moreover, an additional control degree of freedom allowing optimization of the converter operation is topology reconfiguration between the full-bridge mode and the half-bridge mode. The paper describes the transition between these two modes of the input-side full-bridge inverter by applying hybrid phase shift modulation and asymmetrical pulsewidth modulation, respectively. Experimental results show the operation of the converter in a wide input voltage range and transition transients between the two modes. |
18,473 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Energy Storage Planning for Provincial Power Grids Integrated with High Penetration Renewable Energy, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Costs, Time series analysis, Production, Power grids, Software, Planning. Abstract: With the construction of a new type power system in China, the large-scale development of renewable energy will cause serious power and electricity balance problems and renewable energy curtailment. It can significantly reduce renewable energy curtailment and mitigate power shortage with configuring a certain scale of energy storage system (ESS). In this paper, a collaborative energy storage planning method for provincial power grids considering the difference of multi sub-regions objectives is studied based on the time series production simulation method. Firstly, the algorithm framework of the mainstream time series production simulation software considering power system structure and tie-line tradition constraints is introduced. Then based on this software, the configuration capacity optimization method of ESS in each sub-region is proposed taking the differences in the assessment expectations of the sub-regions into account. Finally, a planned provincial power grid integrated with high penetration renewable energy in northwest China is carried out as a case study, which verifies its rationality and utility. |
18,474 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Chaos Sparrow Search Optimization Algorithm Using Adaptive Weight Modification and Hybrid Strategies, and key words: Statistics, Sociology, Optimization, Chaos, Standards, Search problems, Convergence. Abstract: Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is a kind of novel swarm intelligence algorithm, which has been applied in-to various domains because of its unique characteristics, such as strong global search capability, few adjustable parameters, and a clear structure. However, the SSA still has some inherent weaknesses that hinder its further development, such as poor population diversity, weak local searchability, and falling into local optima easily. This manuscript proposes an improved chaos sparrow search optimization algorithm (ICSSOA) to overcome the mentioned shortcomings of the standard SSA. Firstly, the Cubic chaos mapping is introduced to increase the population diversity in the initialization stage. Then, an adaptive weight is employed to automatically adjust the search step for balancing the global search performance and the local search capability in different phases. Finally, a hybrid strategy of Levy flight and reverse learning is presented to perturb the position of individuals in the population according to the random strategy, and a greedy strategy is utilized to select individuals with higher fitness values to decrease the possibility of falling into the local optimum. The experiments are divided into two modules. The former investigates the performance of the proposed approach through 20 benchmark functions optimization using the ICSSOA, standard SSA, and other four SSA variants. In the latter experiment, the selected 20 functions are also optimized by the ICSSOA and other classic swarm intelligence algorithms, namely ACO, PSO, GWO, and WOA. Experimental results and corresponding statistical analysis revealed that only one function optimization test using the ICSSOA was slightly lower than the CSSOA and the WOA among the 20-function optimization. In most cases, the values for both accuracy and convergence speed are higher than other algorithms. The results also indicate that the ICSSOA has an outstanding ability to jump out of the local optimum. |
18,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing the design of gas microstrip detectors for soft X-ray detection, and key words: X-ray detection, Design optimization, Microstrip, X-ray detectors, Cathodes, Stability, Radiation detectors, Anodes, Electrodes, Spatial resolution. Abstract: This paper describes development work in which systematic changes in the electrode pattern of a microstrip gas counter are explored in the search for higher avalanche gains and enhanced stability. It is found that the width of the cathode structure is the main determinant of the detector stability. With the correct cathode width, gas gains of >50 000 are comfortably attainable with low detector noise so that X-rays can potentially be detected down to the limit of a single primary electron. |
18,476 | Please write an abstract with title: Effects of Natural Aging in Biaxial MEMS Accelerometers, and key words: Accelerometers, Aging, Micromechanical devices, Sensors, Calibration, Acceleration, Temperature measurement. Abstract: Effects of a fully natural aging of MEMS accelerometers are evaluated with regard to changes in their performance. Two models of commercial dual-axis accelerometers (two pieces of ADXL 202E and 203 by Analog Devices Inc.) with analog outputs were tested over a period of about 10 and 4 years, respectively. A custom computer controlled test rig was used for performing relevant experimental studies, employing the gravitational acceleration as the reference source. A methodology of determining the proposed indicators of aging phenomena is presented and discussed. Changes of the offset voltage and the scale factor were observed and a way of evaluating the overall error due to combined influence of these two parameters is proposed. It was found out that the changes of the output voltage generated by the tested accelerometers were considerable, resulting in respective maximal errors of about 52 mg (2.6%) (ADXL 202E) or 20 mg (1%) (ADXL 203). Simple ways of reducing the effects of aging are proposed. |
18,477 | Please write an abstract with title: RF-Kicker System for Secondary Beams at the NSCL, and key words: Structural beams, Radio frequency, Particle separators, Particle beams, Electromagnetic fields, Cyclotrons, Laboratories, Isotopes, Nuclear and plasma sciences, Filters. Abstract: The design and construction of a radio frequency fragment separator (RFFS) kicker system at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) of Michigan State University (MSU) has been proposed. This RFFS will be used to further purify secondary beams of rare isotopes after the exiting the A1900 Fragment Separator and will open a wide range of possibilities for new experiments at the forefront of nuclear science. The proposed system is studied as an efficient alternative to the traditional approach using a Wien filter. Rare neutron deficient secondary beams are challenging to purify because of the presence of intense contaminants that cannot be removed by the traditional energy loss method. However, velocity differences resulting in time-of-flight (TOF) differences can be used for the effective separation of the beams transversely using the time-varying electromagnetic fields of the RF kicker. Its technical design is presented together with the beam dynamics analysis of a secondary beam in realistic 3D electromagnetic fields. The expected purification improvement of the exotic beams for the foreseen nuclear physics experiments is shown in detail. |
18,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Highly-confined Exciton-polaritons in Monolayer Semiconductors, and key words: Couplings, Surface waves, Semiconductor lasers, Excitons, Lasers and electrooptics, Light fields, Laser excitation. Abstract: In this work, we predict the existence of a new type of in-plane propagating, highly-confined exciton-polariton, supported by monolayer transition-metal-dicalcogonides (TMDs) in the visible spectrum. This 2D exciton-polariton (2DEP) is a result of the coupling between the electromagnetic light field and collective oscillations of excitons in TMDs. We experimentally show that the conditions required for the excitation of the 2DEP are attainable if the TMD is encapsulated with hexagonal-boron-nitride (hBN) and is cryogenically cooled. In addition, a comparison of the properties of the 2DEP twith those of surface-plasmon-polaritons at the same spectral range reveals that the 2DEP exhibits two orders-of-magnitude larger wavelength confinement. |
18,479 | Please write an abstract with title: Wearable Real-time Air-writing System Employing KNN and Constrained Dynamic Time Warping, and key words: gesture recognition, air-writing, wearable devices, dynamic time warping, HCI, inertial sensor, accessibility. Abstract: In the digital world, gesture recognition plays a crucial role in human-computer interaction (HCI). In this paper, we propose an innovative wearable air-writing system that allows users to write the English alphabet and Arabic numerals in free space without using any predefined gestures or rules. Based on an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the proposed air-writing wearable device uses the constrained dynamic time warping (cDTW) algorithm for the distance measure and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) as the classifier. In addition, to increase the recognition accuracy and meet HCI requirements, we develop a novel method that allows users to rapidly switch to correct recognition results when the initial results are erroneous. In the experiment, the accuracy rate is 88.9% for the alphabet and 10 decimal digits in the user-dependent condition, and the recognition is in real-time, consuming only 0.427s for each character, which is superior to many other approaches that employ classic DTW or FastDTW. With the proposed HCI design, character input accuracy of over 95% can be obtained in about 1 second. We also simulated the application scenarios of Parkinson’s disease patients and obtained a high accuracy rate of 85.4%. Besides, we explored the variety of K values in KNN and w values in cDTW, and propose a multi-template system that gives new optimization directions for the KNN-cDTW algorithm. |
18,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive backstepping tracking control of the Stewart platform, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Backstepping, Motion control, Control systems, Velocity control, Position measurement, Velocity measurement, Tracking, Error correction. Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive backstepping control approach for the motion control of a Stewart platform. The control scheme is proposed given that the overall system parameters are subject to uncertainties while only the positions and velocities of links are measurable. To achieve high performance tracking control of a 6 DOF Stewart platform normally requires the full knowledge of the system dynamics. In this paper, some important properties of the dynamics of the Stewart platform have been derived and exploited to develop an adaptive backstepping controller which can drive the motion tracking error to zero asymptotically. Stability analysis based on Lyapunov theory is performed to guarantee that the controller design is stable. Finally, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our control design. |
18,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Barnato group of companies, and key words: Companies, Currencies, Gold, Ice, Registers, Postal services, Investment. Abstract: NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that Dividends have been declared payable to Shareholders registered in the looks of the undertmentioned Companies at the close of business on 31st December, 1940. |
18,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Tdesign and fabrication of a three-dimensional long-stretch micro drive by electroplating, and key words: Fabrication, Fasteners, Microactuators, Voltage, Micromachining, Electrodes, Circuits, Wire, Drives, Joining processes. Abstract: Here a three-dimensional micoractuator is proposed by integrating an electro-thermal long stretch micro drive (LSMD) and mechanical hinge mechanism. The mechanical hinge is used to allow the LSMD to be lifted. One of the important issues in fabricating the lifted microactuator is the conducting circuit to actuate the microactuator. Here the electroplating process is used to fabricate the mechanical hinge structure and the LSMD, and then the mechanical hinge itself can act as the conductive circuit easily. The fabrication and testing result show that the three-dimensional LSMD of 2000 /spl mu/m wide and 500 /spl mu/m high can stand vertically with output displacement up to 56 /spl mu/m at input voltage of 2 volts. However, it is found that the output displacement of three-dimensional LSMD is smaller than planar LSMD with substrate beneath due to the lacking of heat conduction at the same input voltage. |
18,483 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design and Implementation of Test System for Expression Ability Evaluation, and key words: Performance evaluation, Vocabulary, Scalability, Manuals, Software systems, Task analysis, Testing. Abstract: Expression ability is a very important skill, but the current common language tests focus too much on vocabulary, grammar and writing, which is not suitable for the evaluation of expression ability. Rapid expression test(RPT) is an evaluation method designed specifically for this deficiency, but there is no supporting software system to provide service support for it. This paper analyzes the requirements of the target system, designs and implements the expression ability evaluation system based on computer and network technology, which can provide evaluation service for ordinary users and provide relevant system management support for administrators. The performance evaluation system designed and implemented in this paper provides good service support for the rapid expression ability testing method, achieves the expected performance, and the system has good scalability and scalability. |
18,484 | Please write an abstract with title: A frequency compensation scheme for LDO voltage regulators, and key words: Frequency, Regulators, Paramagnetic resonance, Capacitors, CMOS technology, Low voltage, Topology, Stability, Noise robustness, Nonhomogeneous media. Abstract: A stable low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator topology for low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitive loads is presented. The proposed scheme generates a zero internally instead of relying on the zero generated by the load capacitor and its ESR combination for stability. It is demonstrated that this scheme realizes robust frequency compensation, facilitates the use of multilayer ceramic capacitors for the load of LDO regulators, and improves transient response and noise performance. Test results from a prototype fabricated in AMI 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology provide the most important parameters of the regulator viz., ground current, load regulation, line regulation, output noise, and start-up time. |
18,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability of Critical Trajectories in One Problem of Vortex Dynamics, and key words: Nonlinear control systems, Bifurcation, Stability analysis, Trajectory, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Oscillators. Abstract: We consider one model of Hamiltonian mechanics, which describes the interaction of three magnetic vortices in the case when one of the vortices is fixed at the origin. Such a system is completely Liouville integrable. For the case of a vortex pair a bifurcation diagram was found, and the stability of critical trajectories was investigated. |
18,486 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Observer for MPPT Control of Variable Wind Energy Conversion System Associed to AC-DC Converters, and key words: Fuzzy logic, Production systems, Wind speed, Velocity control, Estimation, Observers, Wind turbines. Abstract: This paper presents the description, modeling, and control of an electrical energy production system based on a wind power system operating at variable speed. Such energy production systems are inevitably called upon for randomly varying wind speeds. Morever, MPPT control using fuzzy logic observer (FLO) for rotational speed estimation without using wind speed data is adopted. To improve and verify this approach's effectiveness, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the energy generation system with a power of 1.5 MW is investigated by numerical simulation using Matlab/Simulink software. Thus, simulation tests validate the technique and improve the dynamic behavior of the system. |
18,487 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Denoising via Sequential Ensemble Learning, and key words: Image denoising, Noise reduction, Machine learning, Transforms, Noise measurement, Iterative methods, Manifolds. Abstract: Image denoising is about removing measurement noise from input image for better signal-to-noise ratio. In recent years, there has been great progress on the development of data-driven approaches for image denoising, which introduce various techniques and paradigms from machine learning in the design of image denoisers. This paper aims at investigating the application of ensemble learning in image denoising, which combines a set of simple base denoisers to form a more effective image denoiser. Based on different types of image priors, two types of base denoisers in the form of transform-shrinkage are proposed for constructing the ensemble. Then, with an effective re-sampling scheme, several ensemble-learning-based image denoisers are constructed using different sequential combinations of multiple proposed base denoisers. The experiments showed that sequential ensemble learning can effectively boost the performance of image denoising. |
18,488 | Please write an abstract with title: Closed-Form Expressions For Symbol Error Rate of Two-User NOMA Systems, and key words: Electrical engineering, NOMA, Monte Carlo methods, Interference cancellation, Closed-form solutions, Error analysis, Computational modeling. Abstract: Ahstract- This paper presents the development of closed-form mathematical expressions for the exact calculation of the symbol error rate of two-User NOMA systems. These expressions are very useful to evaluate the performance of these systems without the need to perform expensive computational simulations. To obtain the expressions, the presence of white Gaussian additive noise and an imperfect process of successive interference cancellation were considered. The obtained results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. |
18,489 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D-Printed Multi-Beam Planar Dual-reflector Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications, and key words: Antenna measurements, Reflector antennas, Antenna arrays, Millimeter wave technology, Antenna radiation patterns, Gain. Abstract: A novel planar low-profile dual-reflector antenna with multi-beam radiation is proposed in this paper. Different from traditional Cassegrain antenna, the proposed design can realize a compact configuration by employing a concave sub-reflector while maintaining the good antenna performance. An impedance bandwidth of wider than 40%, high isolation between input ports and a gain up to 23 dBi with a variation within 3 dB over the whole operating band are obtained experimentally by the three-dimensional (3-D) printed prototype. In addition, by utilizing multiple input waveguides and multiple new dual-reflector antennas, stable two-dimensional multi-beam radiation can be achieved. |
18,490 | Please write an abstract with title: Internet of Video Things: Next-Generation IoT With Visual Sensors, and key words: Internet of Things, Visualization, Cloud computing, Intelligent sensors, Cameras, Sensor phenomena and characterization. Abstract: The worldwide flourishing of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the past decade has enabled numerous new applications through the internetworking of a wide variety of devices and sensors. More recently, visual sensors have seen their considerable booming in IoT systems because they are capable of providing richer and more versatile information. Internetworking of large-scale visual sensors has been named Internet of Video Things (IoVT). IoVT has its own unique characteristics in terms of sensing, transmission, storage, and analysis, which are fundamentally different from the conventional IoT. These new characteristics of IoVT are expected to impose significant challenges to existing technical infrastructures. In this article, an overview of recent advances in various fronts of IoVT will be introduced and a broad range of technological and system challenges will be addressed. Several emerging IoVT applications will be discussed briefly to illustrate the potentials of IoVT in a broad range of practical scenarios. |
18,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear filters: beyond the Kalman filter, and key words: Nonlinear filters, Computational complexity, Covariance matrix, Costs, State estimation, Shape measurement, Particle filters, Proposals, Filtering algorithms, Physics. Abstract: Nonlinear filters can provide estimation accuracy that is vastly superior to extended Kalman filters for some important practical applications. We compare several types of nonlinear filters, including: particle filters (PFs), unscented Kalman filters, extended Kalman filters, batch filters and exact recursive filters. The key practical issue in nonlinear filtering is computational complexity, which is often called "the curse of dimensionality". It has been asserted that PFs avoid the curse of dimensionality, but this is generally incorrect. Well-designed PFs with good proposal densities sometimes avoid the curse of dimensionality, but not otherwise. Future research in nonlinear filtering will exploit recent progress in quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms (rather than boring old Monte Carlo methods), as well as ideas borrowed from physics (e.g., dimensional interpolation) and new mesh-free adjoint methods for solving PDEs. This tutorial was written for normal engineers, who do not have nonlinear filters for breakfast. |
18,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Environmental effects on MCM tactics planning, and key words: Oceans, Sea measurements, Predictive models, Reconnaissance, Laboratories, Sonar detection, Genetic algorithms, Sediments, Sea surface, Equations. Abstract: A successful anti-submarine warfare search planning tool, the Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning (GRASP), is adapted and evaluated for the purpose of planning near-optimal reconnaissance plans for the mine counter-measures community. High-fidelity range- and azimuth-dependent sonar performance predictions over a high-resolution grid are ingested by a genetic algorithm, which uses Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian detection statistics, to evaluate and refine proposed search paths against a given target distribution. In essence, GRASP simulates a Darwinian evolution of reconnaissance paths to obtain the statistically best path based on Cumulative Detection Probability (CDP). In previous proof-of-concept work, GRASP provided a ladder-like solution in an environment where such solution was expected by search theory. Further, as the environment was perturbed slightly (just outside the bounds for which search theory can determine the optimal path), GRASP produced a path that was a variant on, and an improvement over, the intuitively expected path. In the present work, the efficiencies of acoustically blind and acoustically sensitive mine clearance strategies are compared in a real environment. The GRASP results reveal improvement in search coverage obtained by exploiting the environment with respect to sonar performance. |
18,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical investigation of methods for the extraction of Copper intraocular foreign bodies with pulsed magnetic fields, and key words: Copper, Magnetic fields, Frequency, Humans, Superconducting coils, Superconducting magnets, Accidents, Surgery, Proposals, Pulse generation. Abstract: The possibility to extract copper foreign bodies from the human eye with pulsed high field magnets is theoretically investigated. In principle it is feasible to succeed by a combination of a superconducting dc-magnet and a coil generating an asymmetrical pulsed magnetic field. Also sufficiently high attractive forces can be produced in not too small copper particles by rapidly shutting down a 10 MW Bitter-magnet. The medical limitations of the method are discussed. |
18,494 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis Method for Generalized Suspended Strip Lines, and key words: Strips, Capacitance, Conductors, Spline, Apertures, Equations, Boundary conditions, Transmission line matrix methods, Conducting materials, Fourier series. Abstract: This paper describes an effective analysis method suited to planar transmission lines having multiple conductor sheets, multiple substrates, and multiple grooves or pedestals. A coupled strip line structure is analyzed based on this method. Some experimental results are shown. |
18,495 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear time-varying controllers for robust stabilization, and key words: Robust control, Robustness, Uncertainty, Adaptive control, Feedback, Optimal control, Robust stability, Hydrogen, Error correction, Hilbert space. Abstract: In this paper we consider the problem of robust stabilizallon for a certain class of plants with unstructured, infinite-dimensional uncertainty. We demonstrate that for the problem of robustly stabilizing this class of plants, linear time-invariant controllers perform as well as nonlinear time-varying (NLTV) ones. Ihis, in particular, implies that adaptive control laws offer no advantage as far as the problem of robust stabilization of this class of plants is concerned. As a corollary we demonstrate that the small-gain theorem is both necessary and sufficient for a certain class of NLTV operators. |
18,496 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Distribution of the Sum of Generalized Gamma Variates and Applications to Satellite Digital Communications, and key words: Artificial satellites, Digital communication, Fading, Random variables, Distribution functions, Performance analysis, Diversity reception, Error probability, Performance evaluation, Computer simulation. Abstract: A versatile envelope distribution which may be useful for both terrestrial and satellite fading channel modelling is the generalized Gamma (GG) distribution. By considering the product of N GG random variables (RV)s, useful expressions for its moments-generating and cumulative distribution functions are obtained in closed-form. These expressions are used to derive closed-form union upper-bound for the distribution of the sum of GG distributed RVs. The proposed bound turns out to be an extremely convenient analytical tool for studying the performance of N-branch equal-gain combining receivers operating over GG fading channels. For such receivers, novel union upper-bounds for the outage and the average bit error probability are derived and evaluated in terms of the Meijer's G-function. The tightness of the proposed bounds is verified by performing comparisons between numerical evaluation and computer simulations results |
18,497 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical modeling of heterojunction silicon solar cells including Indium-Tin-Oxide layers, and key words: Silicon, Photovoltaic cells, Heterojunctions, Numerical models, Mathematical model, Performance evaluation, Indium tin oxide. Abstract: In this contribution we performed opto-electrical simulations of heterojunction silicon (HJ Si) solar cell with Indium-Tin-Oxide layers included in simulations as front and rear contacts. Two-dimensional numerical simulations using Sentaurus TCAD software were carried out. We studied the effect of defect state density in p- and n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers on device performance. Rigorous analysis revealed mainly a decrease of FF in cases of high levels of defect densities, leading to degradation of conversion efficiency. The increase of defects in p-a-Si proved to be more detrimental than the same increase in n-a-Si, regardless whether the light enters through the p-a-Si or n-a-Si side of the device. |
18,498 | Please write an abstract with title: Foundations for evolutionary construction of state transition models, and key words: Object oriented modeling, Costs, Software libraries, Fires, Conferences. Abstract: We are working on the verification of object-oriented design models using a theorem proving system HOL. One of big problems to verify software is that the cost of interactive proofs to be done during the verification is very expensive. To reduce that cost, we are proposing an approach which allows us to reuse proofs and construct models evolutionally. We focus on evolutionary construction of the models and propose foundations to deal with it. |
18,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Transmission Errors on the Intelligibility of Vocoded Speech, and key words: Vocoders, Testing, Frequency, Speech analysis, Circuit analysis, Phase change materials, Transmitters, Error analysis, Vocabulary, Synthesizers. Abstract: Much time and study is being devoted to the improvement of Vocoder speech quality and intelligibility. One factor which is being neglected, however, is the effect of transmission errors on the intelligibility of Vocoded speech. To evaluate this effect, a full duplex 16-Channel Philco Vocoder is employed. Errors are inserted into the PCM output of the transmitter at various rates and in a random fashion. Intelligibility tests are run to determine the loss of intelligibility with increasing error rates. Curves are plotted showing these effects for a number of speakers. Fixed position errors are also inserted within the pitch portion of the bit frame and similar intelligibility tests are run. Results for the random insertion of errors indicate that an error rate of one to two per cent (1 to 2 bits per 100) is tolerable before any appreciable loss in the zero error PB word intelligibility of 82 per cent is apparent. At a transmission error rate approaching five per cent (5 incorrect bits per 100), the Channel Vocoder is capable of a PB word intelligibility of 70 per cent, corresponding to a sentence intelligibility of 90 per cent. Comments on the loss of speech quality with increasing errors are also given. Error insertion in the pitch portion of the frame indicates a surprising ability of the Channel Vocoder to tolerate error while maintaining intelligibility. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.