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18,300 | Please write an abstract with title: On Attacking Scan-based Logic Locking Schemes, and key words: IP piracy, IP overproduction, SAT-attack, logic locking, Trojan circuit. Abstract: Logic Locking provides promising protection to safeguard hardware Intellectual Properties (IPs) against IP piracy and IP overproduction. However, numerous attacks have been proposed to compromise the security of logic-locked combinational circuits by retrieving their secret key. An attacker can also exploit the test interfaces of the chip to extract the secret key of the logic-locked sequential circuits. To combat such threats, scan access protection techniques used in conjunction with functional logic locking techniques to provide promising solutions known as scan-based logic locking schemes. However, this paper demonstrates an attack scenario where a malicious circuitry inserted by an untrusted foundry can effectively bypass the scan-blockage based locking defense strategies. This in turn, allows the SAT attack to defeat functional logic locking easily. To mount an attack, a light-weight and difficult to detect Trojan circuit is developed. Further, the proposed Trojan circuit is inserted in the locked ITC’99 benchmark circuits to justify its low area overheads. The benchmark circuits are locked using variety of scan-blockage based logic locking schemes. Finally, the proposed work is compared with the state-of-the-art Trojan insertion attack against scan-blockage based logic locking. |
18,301 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete sliding mode control for pickup head flying height, and key words: Sliding mode control, Optical filters, Disk drives, Optical recording, Magnetic heads, Optical control, Optical devices, Control systems, Piezoelectric actuators, Robust control. Abstract: This study aims to stabilize the fly height of the pickup head in near-field optical disk drives. The bit density on a data track, and hence the storage capacity of a disk drive can be increased by reducing the head-to-disk spacing, i.e. flying height. The reduction in fly height has recently accelerated and is approaching near-contact conditions. Consequently, the design and control is directed to achieve a relatively constant fly height over the disk. In this study, a piezoelectric bender is used as a fine actuator of the pickup head. Due to hysteresis of the piezoelectric material, a discrete sliding mode controller inherited with robust properties is developed to deal with model uncertainty and external disturbances, so as to maintain a stable flying height. The proposed discrete sliding mode controller is insensitive to matched disturbances and parameter variation, so as to maintain a stable flying height for focusing. |
18,302 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Metric Learning for Human Action Recognition with SlowFast Networks, and key words: Measurement, Training, Runtime, Image recognition, Visual communication, Semantics, Feature extraction. Abstract: In this paper, we propose deep metric learning for human action recognition with SlowFast networks. We adopt SlowFast Networks to extract slow-changing spatial semantic information of a single target entity in the spatial domain with fast-changing motion information in the temporal domain. Since deep metric learning is able to learn the class difference between human actions, we utilize deep metric learning to learn a mapping from the original video to the compact features in the embedding space. The proposed network consists of three main parts: 1) two branches independently operating at low and high frame rates to extract spatial and temporal features; 2) feature fusion of the two branches; 3) joint training network of deep metric learning and classification loss. Experimental results on the KTH human action dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves faster runtime with less model size than C3D and R3D, while ensuring high accuracy. |
18,303 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative Soft Decoding of Reed-Solomon Tail-Biting Convolutional Concatenated Codes, and key words: Iterative decoding, Maximum likelihood decoding, Convolutional codes, Convolution, Complexity theory, Reliability, Reed-Solomon codes. Abstract: Reed-Solomon tail-biting convolutional concatenated (RS-TBCC) codes are investigated in this paper, aiming to eliminate the rate loss caused by the tail bits of the traditional RS convolutional concatenated (RS-CC) codes. The iterative soft decoding (ISD) for the RS-TBCC code is proposed, which integrates the tail-biting maximum a posteriori (TB-MAP) decoding algorithm for the inner tail-biting convolutional (TBC) code and the adaptive belief propagation (ABP) decoding algorithm for the outer RS codes. The proposed decoding is able to obtain significant performance gains through iterations. The outer decoding output will be validated by the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion, which alters the feedback to the inner decoding. However, the effectiveness of ML assessment degrades as the outer codeword length decreases. Therefore, a modified ISD is also proposed for shorter RS-TBCC codes in which smaller RS codes are employed. |
18,304 | Please write an abstract with title: Paths Planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on Grey Wolf Optimizer, and key words: Path planning, Optimization, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Trajectory planning, Particle swarm optimization, Trajectory, Task analysis. Abstract: Trajectories planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is a essential task in autonomous flight control design. In this paper, a method based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is present and favorably implemented to solve the path planning problem, reformulated as a hard optimization problem with constraints. The objective function is reformulated based on the path length and environmental constraints specific to the UAV while avoiding all the obstacles. The Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Crew Search Algorithm (CSA), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) metaheuristics are retained as comparison tools for statistical analysis. In order to observe the performance of the GWO compared to the other algorithm, many indicators are used as the performance criteria. The obtained results, conducted by numerical simulation, are satisfactory, perfectible and very encouraging in the aim of a future practical implementation on a hardware target of the proposed planning approach. |
18,305 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of intelligent vision fusion based autonomous soccer robot, and key words: Intelligent robots, Robot vision systems, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Motion control, Image processing, Image recognition, Target recognition, Image reconstruction, Path planning. Abstract: This paper proposes the hands-on implementations of the "Formosa middle size soccer robot", which is developed based on the intelligent vision fusion sensing architecture. The proposed autonomous soccer robot consists of the mechanical platform, motion control module, "MapCam360" omni-directional vision module, front vision module, image processing and recognition module, investigated target object positioning and real coordinate reconstruction, robot path planning, subgoal definition, competition strategies, and obstacle avoidance. Especially, in order to increase the robustness of the vision sensing, the catadioptric omni-directional and front vision modules are dynamically switched according to the ball recognition results of the omni-directional camera. The previous mentioned hardware and software modules and components are all integrated, and the control modes are fused based on the relationships among the positions of the enemy robot, ball, goal, and field boundaries. In order to increase the motility and attackability, we design the dribbling and kicking mechanisms. In addition, the PC-based soccer robot controller is developed based on the embedded Linux platform. The motion control uses the Mitsubishi AC-servo motors and controllers to achieve higher reliability. Finally, the physical robot had been finished and tested, and we also validate the functional performance of "Formosa middle size soccer robot" in terms of participating in the "2004 Taiwan's annual middle size soccer robot competition". |
18,306 | Please write an abstract with title: GOLDIE: Harmonization and Orchestration Towards a Global Directory for IoT, and key words: Pollution, Conferences, Prototypes, Authentication, Computer architecture, Metadata, Geospatial analysis. Abstract: To scale the Internet of Things (IoT) beyond a single home or enterprise, we need an effective mechanism to manage the growth of data, facilitate resource discovery and name resolution, encourage data sharing, and foster cross-domain services. To address these needs, we propose a GlObaL Directory for Internet of Everything (GOLDIE). GOLDIE is a hierarchical location-based IoT directory architecture featuring diverse user-oriented modules and federated identity management. IoT-specific features include discoverability, aggregation and geospatial queries, and support for global access. We implement and evaluate the prototype on a Raspberry Pi and Intel mini servers. We show that a global implementation of GOLDIE could decrease service access latency by 87% compared to a centralized-server solution. |
18,307 | Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of the Scaled-Down CMOS Technologies on the Step Response Degradation Caused by the Pole-Zero Doublets in the OTAs, and key words: CMOS technology, Degradation, Poles and zeros, Time factors, Simulation, Transconductance, Measurement. Abstract: Over the past decades, the CMOS technology nodes have been reduced dramatically and beyond expectations. This dramatic reduction in the technology nodes opens the door for analog designers to reconsider some of the well-known findings in the field of Microelectronics. One of these findings is that designing CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs), while having a closed-loop Pole-Zero Doublet (PZD), is always detrimental to the step response of the OTAs. In this work, this conclusion is re-examined from a technology node perspective. Interestingly, it will be shown that as the technology node is decreasing, the presence of the PZD is no longer detrimental to the step response of the CMOS OTAs. This contradicts the well-known conclusion and paves the way to reconsider designing the OTAs while having PZDs. |
18,308 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation for IRS-Assisted Sensing-Enhanced Wideband CR Networks, and key words: Conferences, Simulation, Channel allocation, Throughput, Energy efficiency, Sensors, Resource management. Abstract: Spectrum-efficient and energy-efficient communication techniques are of crucial importance in the future generation wireless communication networks. An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wideband cognitive radio (CR) network is proposed under the sensing-enhanced spectrum sharing mechanism. In order to maximize the sum throughput of all the secondary users (SUs), the sensing time, transmit power, sub-carrier allocation, and IRS coefficients are jointly optimized. An effective alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the challenging mix-integer non-convex optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the IRS can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency of the CR network. Moreover, the tradeoff between the sensing time and spectrum efficiency is revealed. |
18,309 | Please write an abstract with title: Degraded Script Identification of Urdu and Devanagari Document-A Survey, and key words: Feature extraction, Character recognition, Hidden Markov models, Optical character recognition software, Support vector machines, Text recognition, Neural networks. Abstract: Script identification especially for non-Latin script have gained the attention of researchers from both the academics and industry. There are lots of challenges associated with this since most of the existing research focuses on Latin scripts. Most of the researches in this field are working only with the latest or modern documents and font types. Historical and Degraded documents have not been given much importance in the OCR research. This paper provides the different stages required for the identification of the scripts. A brief overview of the different techniques for identifying and classifying the characters in Devanagari and Urdu Script. This has been performed especially for degraded and historical texts. The paper has been concluded with a strong future scope. |
18,310 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial Special Issue on Novel Hybrid and Electric Powertrain Architectures, and key words: Special issues and sections, Mechanical power transmission, Optimization, Lithium-ion batteries, Inverters, Fuel cells, Flyback transformers. Abstract: Hybrid and all-electric vehicles have gained significant market share and are expected to see rapid development over the next few years. Traction force in vehicles can be generated by the powertrain unit in different configurations. Several automotive companies are investing in electrification and aiming for a paradigm shift in powertrain. Simultaneously, universities and research institutes are trying to contribute to this process. However, more consistency and unification are needed between the industry and academia for better results. |
18,311 | Please write an abstract with title: Real time image enhancement and segmentation for sign/text detection, and key words: Image enhancement, Image segmentation, Data mining, Layout, Support vector machines, Support vector machine classification, Visual system, Text recognition, Mobile radio mobility management, Information filtering. Abstract: A personal computer(pc)-based low-cost visual system that can detect and extract text regions in visual signs in the scene and recognize them for location awareness is described. It employs fast image enhancement and segmentation methods based on symmetric neighborhood filter and hierarchical-connected component analysis to extract written information on signboards, which appears in the scene. Our approach allows us to remove the undesired segments by analyzing their features, removing the perspective distortion and correcting the orientation for better detection using signboard boundary lines and corners, extract the words and characters. As the signboard may not contain only text but also may contain nontext illustrations, the systems classifies each text region inside the signboard as "text-only" and "sign-only" using support vector machine (SVM) based classifiers. Experimental results show the robustness of our region-based detection algorithm over pixel-based algorithms. |
18,312 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Detection and Early Warning of Driving Fatigue Based on Basic Scale Entropy, and key words: Fatigue, Rhythm, Feature extraction, Entropy, Real-time systems, Electroencephalography, Safety. Abstract: Driving fatigue is the main cause of traffic accidents, and traffic accidents often cause serious personal injury and huge property losses. Therefore, it is of great significance for traffic safety to accurately and quickly detect the mental fatigue of the driver and perform fatigue warning. In this paper, preprocess the collected the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to remove interference signals. The Butterworth band-pass filter is used to extract the EEG signals of α and β rhythms, and then the basic scale entropy of αand β rhythms is used as driving fatigue features. Using these features to analyze the driving fatigue state of the subjects in different driving stages, according to the change law of driving fatigue features and combined with the fatigue scale SOFI-25 (swedish occupational fatigue inventory-25), driving fatigue is divided into 3 levels (awake state, mild fatigue state and severe fatigue state). When the fatigue reaches a mild fatigue state or a severe fatigue state, a fatigue warning is given to the driver, and a piece of music that the driver is interested in is played. The results show that using the basic scale entropy of α and βrhythms as driving fatigue characteristics can effectively detect driver fatigue. The basic scale entropy is an entropy measurement algorithm with fast calculation, strong anti-interference and certain suppression of noise, which can realize real-time and more accurate detection of driving fatigue. In addition, when the fatigue reaches the state of mild fatigue or severe fatigue, this study provides fatigue warning to the driver, and plays a piece of music that the driver is interested in to relieve fatigue, which has practical value in actual driving and can effectively improve driving safety. |
18,313 | Please write an abstract with title: On the use of noncausal LTI operators in iterative learning control, and key words: Feedback control, Control systems, Iterative algorithms, Adaptive control, Laboratories, Mathematics, Error correction, Degradation, Convergence. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the use of noncausal operators in iterative learning control (ILC). First, it is shown that for a particular class of plants (having unstable zeros), perfect tracking can only be achieved by using noncausal operators. Then it is shown that with any converging algorithm (both causal and noncausal) we can associate a particular feedback controller. For causal algorithms this controller can be shown to be internally stabilizing. In the noncausal case, however, the associated controller is found to be generally destabilizing which implies that the existing notion of an equivalent controller for causal ILC does not extend to noncausal ILC. |
18,314 | Please write an abstract with title: Large structures natural frequencies estimation using a limited number of sensors, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Vibrations, Degradation, System performance, Frequency estimation, Sensors. Abstract: Security and safety issues are of major concern when considering large civil structures hosting many people. In recent years, this led to a growing interest towards monitoring solutions able to automatically evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Numerous studies confirm the possibility to correlate structural health with the evolution of its modal parameters, meaning that a change may indicate a modification of structure properties and a possible ongoing damage. This work is part of a long-lasting project which involves Politecnico di Milano in the continuous development of a complete Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for the G. Meazza stadium in Milan. The paper proposes a robust approach to estimate the main natural frequencies of a structure using the vibration data of a limited number of sensors. This comes from the necessity that, in case of complex buildings like a stadium, a balance between costs and system performance must be found. Environmental conditions can strongly modify the dynamic behaviour of a structure, sometimes masking variations due to other "abnormal" changes, i.e. a stiffness reduction due to structure degradation. Thus, the relationship between temperature and the estimated frequencies is investigated here using regression models, aiming at compensating for the temperature effects. |
18,315 | Please write an abstract with title: Deterministic convergence of an online gradient method for BP neural networks, and key words: Convergence, Gradient methods, Neural networks, Feedforward neural networks, H infinity control, Learning systems, Computer networks, Defense industry, Mathematics. Abstract: Online gradient methods are widely used for training feedforward neural networks. We prove in this paper a convergence theorem for an online gradient method with variable step size for backward propagation (BP) neural networks with a hidden layer. Unlike most of the convergence results that are of probabilistic and nonmonotone nature, the convergence result that we establish here has a deterministic and monotone nature. |
18,316 | Please write an abstract with title: Control the Combustion of Fuel Sprays in Power Plants, and key words: Rails, Statistical analysis, Shape, Diesel engines, Process control, Combustion, Rail transportation. Abstract: The combustion process determines economic, technical, and environmental parameters of diesel engines, which depends on the injection pressure, the amount of injection fuel as well as the times of injection fuel in each cycle. This study presents an experiment to determine the characteristics of the high-pressure injection fuel system in the dependence of the duration and pressure in the rail line. The obtained properties are applied for CFD modeling to controls the combustion process of diesel engines in power plants. Results show that the combustion process of the engine is controlled when the fuel injection pressure, as well as, boost pressure are changed. The engine not only has higher power and efficiency, but also the amount of nitrogen oxides emissions decreases but the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions increases as the fuel injection pressure, the boost pressure increase. Results obtained from the research are the basis for applying the engine. |
18,317 | Please write an abstract with title: A new rectifier based topology for electrical drives: S-A-X -converter, and key words: Rectifiers, Topology, Induction machines, Magnetic flux, Switching converters, Magnetostatics, Matrix converters, Commutation, Stator windings, Power electronics. Abstract: The paper proposes a new topology for electrical drives using a reduced matrix converter. Adding a suitable offset to the reference value, a unidirectional converter output phase current results. Therefore the number of unidirectional active switches in the matrix can be reduced to 50%. The commutation strategy becomes inherent safe and simple compared to the classical matrix converter. Problems with static magnetic fields in the stator field, caused by the DC-parts in the output currents, can be solved using a transformer or a special type of three-phase winding for the stator of the three-phase motor. The latter enables the direct coupling of the converter and the induction machine. |
18,318 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible Microelectrode Arrays with In-Plane Shielding for High Quality Electrocorticography Recording, and key words: Performance evaluation, Microelectrodes, Transducers, Shape, Wires, Brain modeling, Sensors. Abstract: We report a set of flexible microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with in-plane shielding designs that are capable of high quality electrocorticography (ECoG) signal acquisition. In this work, we have designed and fabricated two different shapes of shielding (i.e. hook-like and bell-type wires) and evaluated their shielding performances. With shielding, our flexible MEAs have better resistance to external disturbances while maintaining good conformability with high-quality signals. We have performed both simulation and in vitro experiments to evaluate the efficiency of two shielding designs, showing that bell-type devices have better performance. As a proof-of-concept, we implanted the device on the brain in a mouse model and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) neural signals have been recorded successfully. |
18,319 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Twin Support Vector Regression Machine Based on Adjusted Cosine Similarity for Load Prediction, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Load forecasting, Machine learning. Abstract: Due to the rapid increase of power data resources on the consumer side, using of large-scale data to achieve fast and high-precision load prediction has become an urgent problem. This paper proposes an improved twin support vector regression machine for load forecasting based on adjusted cosine similarity. The data sparsity of the improved twin support vector regression machine is better than the twin support vector regression machine which is the novel machine learning method. The training speed of the improved twin support vector regression machine is faster than the support vector regression machine which is the classic machine learning method. After verification of the actual grid data, this method has good prediction accuracy and prediction speed compared with the twin support vector regression machine and the support vector regression machine. |
18,320 | Please write an abstract with title: Network-Centric Optimal Hybrid Mobility Scheme for IPv6 Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Computer architecture, Logic gates, Throughput, Routing. Abstract: Mobility of sensor networks has been a subject of intense research over the last decade. Because of its low power, network based mobility has been proposed in order to maximize network life span. However in practice, majority of researches and implementations focus on sink node mobility while sensor nodes remain static. In this work, we reviewed the various methods of mobility scenarios and propose Network-Centric Optimal Hybrid Mobility Scheme for IPv6 Wireless Sensor Networks with Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) as the underlying network protocol. It is a hybrid scheme which makes use of Cluster Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (CSPMIPv6) and Network of Proxies (NoP) principles and interfaces IEEE802.15.4 and IEEE803.3. In this solution, we applied mobility to sensor nodes and allow the external network to control movement, handoffs and relocation while sensing. Our method improves latency by 42% over CSPMIPv6 and 27% over NoP. We also investigated the effect of the velocity of sensor nodes on the throughput, packet delivery and establish effective speed limit for operative Sensor Networks (SN) mobility and expands the network coverage without introducing additional nodes. Network life span is highly improved. |
18,321 | Please write an abstract with title: Real time AM-FM analysis of ultrasound video, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Frequency estimation, Amplitude estimation, Phase estimation, Demodulation, Band pass filters, Frequency modulation, Gabor filters, Image analysis, Amplitude modulation. Abstract: In this paper, we present a real-time amplitude-modulation frequency-modulation (AM-FM) analysis system, and apply the system to M-mode ultrasound video. The estimated frequency-modulation (FM) process is shown to capture the cardiac wall deformation, while the amplitude modulation process is shown to follow changes in cardiac wall material. Results from segmenting the septum and left-ventricle walls are also presented. |
18,322 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantization of multiple sources using integer bit allocation, and key words: Quantization, Bit rate, Character generation, Euclidean distance, Speech coding, Video coding, Wireless communication, Data compression, Performance analysis. Abstract: Asymptotically optimal bit allocation among a set of quantizers for a finite collection of sources was determined by Huang and Schultheiss (1963). Their solution, however, gives a real-valued bit allocation, whereas in practice, integer-valued bit allocations are needed. We compare the performance of the Huang-Schultheiss solution to that of an optimal integer-valued bit allocation. Specifically, we derive upper and lower bounds on the deviation of the mean squared error using optimal integer-valued bit allocation from the mean squared error using optimal real-valued bit allocation. One consequence shown is that optimal integer-valued bit allocations do not necessarily achieve the same performance as that predicted by Huang-Schultheiss, for asymptotically large transmission rates. We also prove that integer bit allocation vectors that minimize the Euclidean distance to the optimal real-valued bit allocation vector are optimal integer bit allocations. |
18,323 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Energy Supply from Joint Torques near Singular Configurations for a Two-link Robot Arm with Joint Friction, and key words: Manipulators, Task analysis, Friction, Kinematics, Cost function. Abstract: Kinematic singularity of a robot arm can be dynamically advantageous in achieving tasks with the arm. In this paper, we examine dynamic features of singular configurations by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, for a two-link robot arm that performs dynamic tasks such as lifting heavy objects and opening heavy doors. If no friction torque is applied to the joints, the mechanical energy necessary for the tasks can be generated from joint torques at a high rate near a singular configuration. Even when the joints suffer from viscous friction, the singular configuration has an advantage in supplying energy for a highly dynamic task whose duration is short. As the duration of task becomes longer, the arm configuration that can supply the energy at the highest rate becomes away from the singular configuration. |
18,324 | Please write an abstract with title: DTCWT-SVM Based Identification of Single and Multiple Power Quality Disturbances, and key words: Support vector machines, Power quality, Signal processing algorithms, Power system harmonics, Feature extraction, Harmonic analysis, Real-time systems. Abstract: This paper presents the use of a modified Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technique to identify and classify various single stage and multiple power quality (PQ) disturbances such as transient, flicker, interruption, swell, sag, swell with harmonics, flicker with harmonics, sag with harmonics, interruption with harmonics, and transient with harmonies accurately. A PQ monitoring algorithm based on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) as a DSP technique and support vector machine (SVM) as an AI tool has been proposed for this purpose. Based on IEEE-1159 standard, a synthetic data bank of these disturbances has been generated for the simulation studies using MATLAB which plays a vital role in defining the detection capability of DSP technique and generalization capability of AI technique. Using DTCWT, features of various PQ disturbances are extracted and given it as an input to SVM classifier for the classification. The extracted feature dataset has been trained and tested using SVM classifier, as a result of this accurate classification results are obtained from the proposed algorithm. Additionally, the accuracy of the proposed methodology is compared with other classifiers for identification of the PQ disturbances. |
18,325 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Multiple Hypothesis Tracker Integrated with Unknown Clutter Intensity Estimator, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Target tracking, Simulation, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Complexity theory, Clutter. Abstract: The multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) is the optimal multi-target data association algorithm in ideal conditions. However, there is a degraded accuracy of data association when the observation scenario containing unknown clutter density. To addressed this problem, this paper proposed a new multiple hypothesis tracker integrated with unknown clutter intensity estimator (MHT-UCIE). In the MHT-UCIE, the clutter intensity is formulated as the product of the average number of clutter points per scan and the clutter spatial density, which are obtained subsequently through the maximum likelihood estimator and the Gaussian kernel estimator. Finally, the clutter intensity and track hypotheses are calculated. The experiment results verify the superior tracking performance of the MHT- UCIE in an unknown clutter intensity tracking scenario. |
18,326 | Please write an abstract with title: Control strategy of distributed energy storage participating in power market transaction, and key words: Economics, Fluctuations, Regulation, Power markets, Power electronics, Energy storage. Abstract: Under power market, distributed energy storage (DES) can participate in market transaction and make use of price fluctuation. However, individually accessing every DES to the power dispatch center results in the problem of high cost and low efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes that the control strategy of distributed energy storage participating in power market transaction. First, an aggregation group is formed by aggregating distributed energy storage. On this basis, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method is introduced to quantify the income risk brought by the fluctuation of power spot prices, and the regulation model in the day-ahead market of the DES aggregation group with consideration of the income risk is proposed. Finally, case studies are conducted to verify the effeteness of the proposed model. The control strategy can effectively guarantee the economic profits of the DES aggregation group compared to the peak and trough flat power prices. |
18,327 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure Raptor Encoder and Decoder for Low Storage Blockchain, and key words: Blockchain, Decoding. Abstract: In a blockchain network, full nodes aid in decentralization by validating incoming transactions and also by assisting new nodes who want to join the network. However, due to the high storage cost incurred by full nodes, the total number of full nodes in a system is falling. In order to curb this problem and maintain decentralization, a secure fountain code (SeF) approach has been proposed earlier, where a class of fountain codes known as LT codes have been used. In this paper, we present Secure Raptor Encoder and Decoder (S-RED) built on Raptor Codes, which in addition to reducing storage costs, also has constant decoding time with respect to k (number of input blocks). We also present error-resilient double-peeling decoder that can recover original blocks with a high probability, even under the presence of adversaries. |
18,328 | Please write an abstract with title: A three switch three phase inverter for standard induction motors, and key words: Switches, Inverters, Induction motors, Costs, Topology, Switching converters, Universal motors, Voltage control, Reluctance motors, Home appliances. Abstract: This paper proposes a truly three switch - three phase inverter topology, suitable for standard induction motors. The voltage of the dump capacitor is controlled through one of the phase switches, rather than introducing additional switches, or special winding connections. All three power switches are of the low side type, greatly simplifying the practical realization of the converter. An open loop voltage control scheme is developed that drives the motor according to a constant V/Hz strategy. The paper firstly presents the theoretical development of the proposed topology, then the main features of the new inverter scheme are investigated through simulation and experimental results. |
18,329 | Please write an abstract with title: An experimental study of sidewall adhesion in microelectromechanical systems, and key words: Adhesives, Microelectromechanical systems, Micromechanical devices, Surface topography, Force measurement, Surface cracks, Microstructure, Humidity, Microelectromechanical devices, Rough surfaces. Abstract: A surface micromachine was designed specifically for studying sidewall adhesion in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The dependence of surface adhesion on contact load and ambient conditions was investigated under quasistatic normal loading conditions. Insight was obtained into the relative contributions of van der Waals and capillary forces to the measured adhesion force. Several shortcomings in previous adhesion studies of MEMS were overcome, and measurement of the true adhesion force was achieved under different testing conditions. The present experimental procedure enables the isolation of the van der Waals component of the adhesion force and the determination of the contributions of both contacting and noncontacting asperities to the total adhesion force at the inception of surface separation. The major benefits of the developed experimental methodology and surface micromachine are discussed in the context of adhesion results obtained for different values of apparent contact pressure, ambient pressure, and relative humidity. |
18,330 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Characterization of Mobile Landslide Monitoring System, and key words: Terrain factors, Logic gates, Monitoring, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Wireless sensor networks, Payloads. Abstract: Landslides are natural disasters which have forced us to prepare with major mitigation efforts. One such effort is the development and implementation of the landslide monitoring system (LMS). Most LMSs are installed permanently in landslide-prone locations for long-term monitoring purposes. In this paper, the design of a mobile LMS with high flexibility feature is presented. The proposed system comprises a mobile gateway, mobile tiltmeter sensors, and mobile extensometer sensors, in which they are configured to form a wireless sensor network. In this work, the sensor's behavior and communication performance between sensors and gateway are characterized. Experimental results show the linear responses of both tiltmeter and extensometer sensors. While reliable communication between sensors and gateway are obtained for the maximum range of 168 m on the line-of-sight condition, and 160 bytes data payload. |
18,331 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reduction Method for Thermal Modeling of Lithium-ion Battery based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, and key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Temperature distribution, Thermal decomposition, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Real-time systems, Finite element analysis, Method of moments. Abstract: Battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial to ensure the safety and performance of lithium ion battery. To reflect the temperature distribution of the battery, an accurate thermal model of lithium ion battery is needed for the BTMS. However, the existing thermal models of lithium ion battery cannot give consideration to both the efficiency and accuracy of calculation. In this paper, a reduced-order thermal model (ROTM) was established to estimate the temperature distribution of lithium ion batteries online. Firstly, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was used to extract eigenfunctions from the thermal field of lithium-ion battery. Secondly, the ROTM can be obtained by projecting the eigenfunctions to the thermal equation of the lithium-ion battery using Galerkin method. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the ROTM was verified by comparing with the finite element method (FEM). The computational results of the ROTM are in very good agreement with that of FEM, but the ROTM can save more computational time. Thus, such ROTM can be applied to the real-time processing control of BTMS. |
18,332 | Please write an abstract with title: Rapid Robust Principal Component Analysis: CUR Accelerated Inexact Low Rank Estimation, and key words: Sparse matrices, Principal component analysis, Signal processing algorithms, Matrix decomposition, Tools, Standards, Dimensionality reduction. Abstract: Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a widely used tool for dimension reduction. In this work, we propose a novel non-convex algorithm, coined Iterated Robust CUR (IRCUR), for solving RPCA problems, which dramatically improves the computational efficiency in comparison with the existing algorithms. IRCUR achieves this acceleration by employing CUR decomposition when updating the low rank component, which allows us to obtain an accurate low rank approximation via only three small submatrices. Consequently, IRCUR is able to process only the small submatrices and avoid the expensive computing on full matrix through the entire algorithm. Numerical experiments establish the computational advantage of IRCUR over the state-of-art algorithms on both synthetic and real-world datasets. |
18,333 | Please write an abstract with title: The SISO monosynaptic reflex threshold and gain: relationship to motoneuron pool parameters, and key words: Mathematical model, Muscles, Piecewise linear techniques, Recruitment, MIMO, Physiology, Neuromuscular, Gain, Humans, Biosensors. Abstract: Single-input single-output (SISO) synapse models describe the input firing-rate - output firing-rate relationship of a motoneuron (MN) pool. While the MN pool is very complex, containing many MNs with a range of properties, the SISO model contains very few parameters: a presynaptic threshold, a linear postsynaptic gain, and some form of output firing-rate saturation. In this study, the parameters of the SISO synapse model are related to the patterns of MN recruitment and rate coding in the MN pool. Using this general analysis, SISO models are then generated for two specific MN pools, one healthy, one unhealthy. It is concluded that the SISO model represents healthy synaptic. behaviour well, even across large ranges of input firing-rates. Estimation of SISO models for unhealthy behaviour, however, should be treated with caution. |
18,334 | Please write an abstract with title: A repercussion of Shannon's ideas on signal theory, and key words: Stochastic processes, Signal representations, Telegraphy, Pulse modulation, Cryptography, Data communication, Signal processing, Data engineering, Telephony, TV. Abstract: The echoes of Shannon's communication theory ideas in stochastic signal representations are discussed. Energy theory and optimization problems are also discussed. |
18,335 | Please write an abstract with title: A Global to Local Guiding Network for Missing Data Imputation, and key words: Conferences, Signal processing, Generative adversarial networks, Data models, Acoustics, Speech processing, Clutter. Abstract: Missing data imputation aims to accurately impute the unobserved regions with complete data in real world. Although many recent methods have made remarkable advances, the local homogenous regions especially in boundary and the reasonable of the imputed data are still two most challenging issues. To address these issues, we propose a novel Global to Local Guiding Network (G2LGN) based on generative adversarial network for missing data imputation, which is composed of a Global-Impute-Net (GIN), a Local-Impute-Net (LIN) and an Impute Guider Model (IGM). The GIN looks at the entire missing regions to generate and impute data as a whole. Considering the reasonable of the GIN results, IGM is assigned to capture coherent information between global and local and guide the LIN to look only at a small area centered at the missing focused regions. After the processing of these three modules, local imputed results are concatenated to global imputed results, which impute reasonable values and refine local details from rough to accurate. The comprehensive experiments on both numeric datasets and image dataset demonstrate our method is significantly superior to other 3 state-of-the-art approaches and 7 traditional methods. Besides, the extensive ablation study validates the superior performance for dealing with missing data imputation. |
18,336 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel and Phase Shift Estimation for TM-aided OTFS Railway Communications, and key words: Wireless communication, Time-frequency analysis, Railway communication, Transmitters, Channel estimation, Estimation, Receivers. Abstract: In this paper, we suggest a new framework for wireless communications on railways aided by transmissive metasurfaces (TMs) and investigate the channel and phase shift estimation when orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is used. Specifically, we first establish the OTFS transmitter, end-to-end channel, and OTFS receiver models, and then define the input-output signal relation in vector form. Based on signal relation, we develop a channel and phase shift estimator that initially adopts the linear minimum mean squared error method to obtain the end-to-end channel and iteratively optimize the phase shift using the majorization-minimization (MM) method. Finally, numerical results are provided to show both convergence and performance of our MM-based estimation algorithm. |
18,337 | Please write an abstract with title: P1484.20.2/D4, Jun 2022 - IEEE Draft Recommended Practices for Defining Competencies, and key words: IEEE Standards, Performance evaluation, Ethics, Guidelines, Documentation, Best practices. Abstract: Recommended practices for defining competencies are provided. IEEE P1484.20.3/D1 (February 2022), a technical standard for competency definitions data, is supported. Recommended practices are given for defining the kinds of information that IEEE P1484.20.3/D1 (February 2022) encodes as interoperable data, i.e., data that defines a skill, knowledge, ability, attitude, habit of practice, behavior, or learning outcome. |
18,338 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Restoration by Linear Estimation of the Principal Components From Lossy Data, and key words: Principal component analysis, Image restoration, Convergence, Feature extraction, Linear programming, Estimation, Data mining. Abstract: In this article, we propose a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) to restore data after the occurrence of data loss due to sensor defects or environmental factors. In the L2-PCA feature space, the feature vector, which consists of principal components of the data, converges to a point known as the “convergence point” as the extent of data loss increases. Using these characteristics, we approximately linearly estimated the principal components of the original data from the feature vectors of the lossy data. The estimated principal components are used as coefficients in the linear combination of the projection vectors of the PCA feature space for data restoration. The restoration performance of the proposed method is not only superior; the method is also computationally more efficient than other data restoration methods. Experimental results for gas measurement data and facial image data confirm the excellent data restoration performance of the proposed method. |
18,339 | Please write an abstract with title: DSPU: A 281.6mW Real-Time Depth Signal Processing Unit for Deep Learning-Based Dense RGB-D Data Acquisition with Depth Fusion and 3D Bounding Box Extraction in Mobile Platforms, and key words: Reflectivity, Three-dimensional displays, Navigation, Pipelines, Object detection, Signal processing, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Emerging mobile platforms, such as autonomous robots and AR devices, require RGBD data and 3D bounding-box (BB) information for accurate navigation and seamless interaction with the surrounding environment. Specifically, the extraction of RGB-D data and 3D BB needs to be done in real-time (> 30fps) while consuming low power (< 1W) due to limited battery capacity. In addition, a conventional depth processing system consumes high power due to a high performance (HP) time-of-flight (ToF) sensor with an illuminator (> 3W) [1]. However, even the HP ToF fails to extract depth in areas of extreme reflectance, leading to failure in navigation or AR interaction. In addition, software implementation on an application processor suffers from high latency (~ 0.1 s) to preprocess the depth data and process the 3D point cloud-based neural network (PNN) [2]. Therefore, this paper proposes an SoC for low-power and low-latency depth estimation and 3D object detection with high accuracy, as shown in Fig. 33.4.1. The system implements depth fusion [3], [4] to allow accurate RGB-D extraction without hollows, while using a low-power (LP) ToF sensor (<0.4W). The SoC can fully accelerate the depth-processing pipeline, achieving a maximum of 45.6fps. |
18,340 | Please write an abstract with title: Pedestrian Anomaly Detection Method using Autoencoder, and key words: Deep learning, Convolution, Urban areas, Time series analysis, Video surveillance, Spatial databases, Security. Abstract: It is significant that video surveillance system is adopted for the city security. For the detection of pedestrian anomaly behavior, an autoencoder-based detection model was trained using image sequences with few or no anomalous events in the framework of unsupervised learning. Deep neural networks constructed from convolution autoencoders process video frames in an unsupervised manner for capturing the spatial information of the data. These spatial structures are then combined together to form the data representation. Three-layer convolution long short-term memory model (Long Short Term Memory, LSTM) is adopted for a temporal encoder to learn the encoding spatial structure. Finally, these feature data are scored to determine whether the pedestrian's behavior is normal according to evaluation criteria. The proposed model is trained on various datasets, which demonstrates its effectiveness and robustness. |
18,341 | Please write an abstract with title: Perfume identification using a chemical sensor array via LightGBM and prepositive feature reduction, and key words: Measurement, Industries, Array signal processing, Electronic noses, Boosting, Chemical and biological sensors, Principal component analysis. Abstract: Identification of different perfumes is significant to perfume industry, since it can help distinguishing genuine perfumes from imitation ones. In this paper, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and a prepositive dimension-reduction method were employed to identify four different perfumes, based on the response data of an electronic nose system. The candidate prepositive feature-dimension reduction methods are the principal component analysis (PCA), local linear embedding (LLE), and maximally collapsing metric learning (MCML) methods. After the feature-dimension reduction, as a recently presented classification method, the LightGBM was used to classify the features with reduced dimensions and output the identification results. Extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the perfume identification performance. Experimental results show that, when the feature-dimension of perfume data was reduced to thirteen by the PCA, the ten-fold cross-validation identification accuracy of the LightGBM was up to 92.75%, which is higher than those obtained when LLE or MCML was used. |
18,342 | Please write an abstract with title: System Throughput Maximization of Uplink NOMA Random Access Systems, and key words: Uplink, NOMA, Throughput, Silicon carbide, Base stations, Optimization, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: Using wireless uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the throughput of an uplink random access system can be significantly improved. In this letter, assuming that each user only knows the channel response from itself to the base station, we study an uplink NOMA random access system which involves multiple power levels. For the signal decoding of a specific power level, we consider the effect of collisions happened at the lower and higher power levels. Our goal is to optimize the probability that a user selects a power level to transmit signals, in order to maximize the system throughput. We theoretically prove that the system throughput maximization problem is a convex problem and propose methods to find its optimal solution. Furthermore, we also prove that the optimal probability selecting the higher power level should be lower than or equal to that selecting the lower one. It is shown from simulation results that the proposed uplink NOMA system is more robust to the increase of users than a conventional orthogonal multiple access system. |
18,343 | Please write an abstract with title: The eigenfunction expansion of dyadic Green's function and its application in near-field region in time-varying media, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Wave functions, Information science, Magnetic fields, Laplace equations, Permittivity, Permeability, Rail to rail inputs, Polynomials, Partial differential equations. Abstract: Based on the vector wave functions of cone in spherical coordinates, the expansion of the electric dyadic Green's function is derived. The expression of radiation of the electric dipole is obtained by this dyadic function. Furthermore, the expressions of the field after the media changing abruptly are obtained and a discussion on the field character in the near-field region of the dipole before and after media changing is represented. |
18,344 | Please write an abstract with title: The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, and key words: Australia Council, Atom optics, Atomic beams, Atomic measurements, Atom lasers, Laser theory, Pump lasers, Optical fiber networks, Quantum entanglement, Cooling. Abstract: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics investigates the quantum nature of multiple particle states of atoms and photons. It combines pre-eminent theoretical and experimental research groups in quantum and atom optics at the Australian National University, the University of Queensland and the Swinburne University of Technology. |
18,345 | Please write an abstract with title: Invariants of optimal minimal-order observer-based compensators, and key words: Transfer functions, Performance analysis, Space technology, MIMO, White noise, Control systems, Aerodynamics, Chemical technology, Laboratories, Observers. Abstract: The relations characterizing the optimal minimal-order observer-based compensators for a linear time-invariant multivariable system with a random initial state (or, equivalently, known initial state and white plant-driving noise) have been reported by Miller [1]. In this note we establish in general that the plant transfer function uniquely determines the optimal compensator transfer function, and that this characterizes precisely the degrees of freedom in the compensator design; computational implications of this result are indicated. |
18,346 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Modelling and Quantitative Analysis of Vehicular Edge Computing With Bursty Task Arrivals, and key words: Analytical models, Computational modeling, Edge computing, Task analysis, Load modeling, Markov processes, Data models. Abstract: The quantitative performance analysis plays a critical role in assessing the capability of vehicular edge computing (VEC) systems to meet the requirements of vehicular applications. However, developing accurate analytical models for VEC systems is extremely challenging due to the unique features of intelligent vehicular applications. Specifically, recent work revealed that the tasks generated by intelligent vehicular applications exhibit a high degree of burstiness, rendering the existing models that were designed based on the assumption of the non-bursty Poisson process unsuitable for VEC systems. To fill this gap, we developed an original analytical model to investigate the performance of VEC systems with bursty task arrivals. To facilitate vehicle cooperation, a new priority-based resource allocation scheme is exploited to schedule the tasks of vehicular applications, which are modelled by a Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP). Next, a multi-state Markov chain is established to investigate the impact of load sharing strategy on the performance of VEC systems. Then, the end-to-end transmission latency is derived based on the proposed model. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of this analytical model under various system configurations. Furthermore, the developed model is used as a cost-effective tool to investigate the performance bottleneck of VEC systems. |
18,347 | Please write an abstract with title: A Distributed Framework for Large-scale Protein-protein Interaction Data Analysis and Prediction Using MapReduce, and key words: Proteins, Deep learning, Data analysis, Memory management, Noise reduction, Genomics, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Protein-protein interactions are of great significance for human to understand the functional mechanisms of proteins. With the rapid development of high-throughput genomic technologies, massive protein-protein interaction (PPI) data have been generated, making it very difficult to analyze them efficiently. To address this problem, this paper presents a distributed framework by reimplementing one of state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e., CoFex, using MapReduce. To do so, an in-depth analysis of its limitations is conducted from the perspectives of efficiency and memory consumption when applying it for large-scale PPI data analysis and prediction. Respective solutions are then devised to overcome these limitations. In particular, we adopt a novel tree-based data structure to reduce the heavy memory consumption caused by the huge sequence information of proteins. After that, its procedure is modified by following the MapReduce framework to take the prediction task distributively. A series of extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of our framework in terms of both efficiency and accuracy. Experimental results well demonstrate that the proposed framework can considerably improve its computational efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude while retaining the same high accuracy. |
18,348 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Calibrated Convolutional Neural Network for SAR Image Despeckling, and key words: Image quality, Visualization, Speckle, Feature extraction, Radar polarimetry, Sensors, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are contaminated by speckle noise, which has largely limited its practical applications. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have indicated good potential for various image processing tasks. In this paper, we propose a self-calibrated convolutional neural network for SAR image despeckling, called SAR-SCCNN. To enlarge the receptive field of the network, downsampling and dilated convolutions are employed in each self-calibrated block. Also, the contextual information from spaces with different scales is extracted and concentrated to obtain accurate despeckled images. Experiments on synthetic speckled and real SAR data are conducted to perform the subjective visual assessment of image quality and objective evaluation. Results show that our proposed method can effectively suppress speckle noise and preserve detailed features. |
18,349 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Structural Coherence Via Generative Adversarial Network for Single Image Super-resolution, and key words: Shape, Machine vision, Superresolution, Coherence, Generative adversarial networks, Distortion, Linear programming. Abstract: Among the major remaining challenges for single image super-resolution (SISR) is the capacity to recover coherent images with global shapes and local details conforming to human vision system. Recent generative adversarial network (GAN) based SISR methods have yielded overall realistic SR images, however, there are always unpleasant textures accompanied with structural distortions in local regions. To target these issues, we introduce the gradient branch into the generator to preserve structural information by restoring high-resolution gradient maps in SR process. In addition, we utilize a U-net based discriminator to consider both the whole image and the detailed per-pixel authenticity, which could encourage the generator to maintain overall coherence of the reconstructed images. Moreover, we have studied objective functions and LPIPS perceptual loss is added to generate more realistic and natural details. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art perceptual-driven SR methods in perception index (PI), and obtains more geometrically consistent and visually pleasing textures in natural image restoration. |
18,350 | Please write an abstract with title: Open-Circuit Fault Research on Asymmetric Delta-Polygon 18-Pulse Autotransformer Rectifier Unit for More Electric Aircraft, and key words: Voltage, Circuit faults, Fault diagnosis, Transformers, Rectifiers, Windings, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: In aviation aircraft, autotransformer rectifier units (ATRUs) have been widely used as front-end rectifiers. The comprehensive analysis of its operating characteristics under the fault is beneficial to assessing the hazards of the faults and developing a fault diagnosis scheme. This article investigates two types of open-circuit (OC) faults in delta-polygon 18-pulse ATRU, namely, diode OC fault and input OC fault. First, the effects of the diode OC fault on five aspects are quantitatively analyzed: diode conduction angle, output voltage ripple, winding current, input current harmonics, and diode and transformer winding losses. Next, the operating characteristics of ATRU are investigated under input OC fault, and the quantitative effects of the five aspects above are also calculated. Then, based on the affected intervals of dc output voltage, a fault diagnosis idea dealing with two types of OC faults is discussed. Meanwhile, the predictive maintenance objects after the fault location are also summarized. Finally, the simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and discussion. This work is very significant for guiding the fault detection, fault location, and predictive maintenance of ATRUs. |
18,351 | Please write an abstract with title: SocialInteractionGAN: Multi-Person Interaction Sequence Generation, and key words: Trajectory, Task analysis, Generators, Computer architecture, Measurement, Computational modeling, Training. Abstract: Prediction of human actions in social interactions has important applications in the design of social robots or artificial avatars. In this paper, we focus on a unimodal representation of interactions and propose to tackle interaction generation in a data-driven fashion. In particular, we model human interaction generation as a discrete multi-sequence generation problem and present SocialInteractionGAN, a novel adversarial architecture for conditional interaction generation. Our model builds on a recurrent encoder-decoder generator network and a dual-stream discriminator, that jointly evaluates the realism of interactions and individual action sequences and operates at different time scales. Crucially, contextual information on interacting participants is shared among agents and reinjected in both the generation and the discriminator evaluation processes. Experiments show that albeit dealing with low dimensional data, SocialInteractionGAN succeeds in producing high realism action sequences of interacting people, comparing favorably to a diversity of recurrent and convolutional discriminator baselines, and we argue that this work will constitute a first stone towards higher dimensional and multimodal interaction generation. Evaluations are conducted using classical GAN metrics, that we specifically adapt for discrete sequential data. Our model is shown to properly learn the dynamics of interaction sequences, while exploiting the full range of available actions. |
18,352 | Please write an abstract with title: New results on the ion drag force in complex plasmas, and key words: Drag, Plasma properties, Plasma waves, Plasma displays, Scattering, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Nuclear and plasma sciences, Gravity, Fault location, Dielectrics. Abstract: Summary form only given. Ion drag force is known to be one of the most important forces acting on charged grains in complex plasmas, especially when the gravity is absent. Ion drag force and its competition with the electric force often determines the grain location in the discharge chamber, causes void formation in the experiments under microgravity conditions, affects the properties of low-frequency waves and the interaction between grains etc. Not surprisingly, considerable attention has been recently paid to the problem of accurate calculation of the ion drag in complex plasmas. In these papers the ion drag force was derived by calculating trajectories of ions scattered by the dust grain (assuming an isotropic screened Coulomb potential of interaction). This approach works well for collisionless ions and weakly anisotropic plasma (sub-thermal ion drifts). Here we report on the new calculations of the ion drag force using the linear dielectric response formalism. This approach allowed us to take into account ion-neutral collisions and anisotropies in ion-grain interaction potential caused by the ion flow (of arbitrary velocity) self-consistently. The role of these effects on the ion drag force is analyzed. Examples of ion drag calculations for typical complex plasma parameters are presented and the results are compared with experimental observations. |
18,353 | Please write an abstract with title: Fiber Optic Cable Termination and Signal Loss Detection in DAS Systems, and key words: Optical losses, Optical fiber losses, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fiber cables, Signal processing algorithms, Optical variables measurement, Communication cables. Abstract: Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Systems use standard telecommunication fibers to detect acoustic vibrations up to 50 kms along the cable. In this paper we propose algorithms to detect fiber optic cable termination points and optical signal losses using DAS data. Proposed algorithms add traditional Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) measurement functionality to the DAS systems. Cable termination detection algorithm models the noise data in DAS signal that consists of electronic noise [e.g. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) noises] and optical laser reflection noise. The cable termination detection algorithm analyzes noise statistics of the sensor data and finds the location where optic noise is no longer present. Signal loss detection algorithm first eliminates the environmental acoustic noise from the DAS signal; then, change point detection algorithm is applied to detect locations where significant signal loss occurs. Proposed algorithms are tested in various DAS installations in Turkey. Predicted cable termination and signal loss locations agree with OTDR measurements. |
18,354 | Please write an abstract with title: Local Stochastic Factored Gradient Descent for Distributed Quantum State Tomography, and key words: Convergence, Quantum state, Complexity theory, Stochastic processes, Qubit, Optimization, Quantum system. Abstract: We propose a distributed Quantum State Tomography (QST) protocol, named Local Stochastic Factored Gradient Descent (Local SFGD), to learn the low-rank factor of a density matrix over a set of local machines. QST is the canonical procedure to characterize the state of a quantum system, which we formulate as a stochastic non-convex smooth optimization problem. Physically, the estimation of a low-rank density matrix helps characterizing the amount of noise introduced by quantum computation. Theoretically, we prove the local convergence of Local SFGD for a general class of restricted strongly convex/smooth loss functions. Local SFGD converges locally to a small neighborhood of the global optimum at a linear rate with a constant step size, while it locally converges exactly at a sub-linear rate with diminishing step sizes. With a proper initialization, local convergence results imply global convergence. We validate our theoretical findings with numerical simulations of QST on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. |
18,355 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Dynamic Recharge Scheduling for Two-Stage Wireless Power Transfer, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Heuristic algorithms, Dynamic scheduling, Clustering algorithms, Informatics, Robot sensing systems, Acoustics. Abstract: Many industrial-Internet-of-Things applications require autonomous operation and incorporate devices in inaccessible locations. Recent advances in wireless power transfer (WPT) and autonomous vehicle technologies, in combination, have the potential to solve a number of residual problems concerning the maintenance of, and data collection from embedded devices. Equipping inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and embedded devices with subsystems to facilitate WPT allows a UAV to become a viable mobile power delivery vehicle (PDV) and data collection agent. A key challenge is, therefore, to ensure that a PDV can optimally schedule power delivery across the network, such that it is as reliable and resource efficient as possible. To achieve this and out-perform naive on-demand recharging strategies, in this article, we propose a two-stage wireless power network (WPN) approach in which a large network of devices may be grouped into small clusters, where packets of energy inductively delivered to each cluster by the PDV are acoustically distributed to devices within the cluster. In this article, we describe a novel dynamic recharge scheduling algorithm that combines genetic weighted clustering with nearest neighbor search to jointly minimize PDV travel distance and WPT losses. The efficacy and performance of the algorithm are evaluated in simulation using experimentally derived traces, and the algorithm is shown to achieve ~ 90% throughput for large, dense networks. |
18,356 | Please write an abstract with title: Integration of Smart Vision Sensor into Manipulator Control System using OPC-UA, and key words: Computer architecture, Manufacturing, Servers, Cameras, Vision sensors, Industries, Control systems. Abstract: High product variety imposed to manufacturing companies by contemporary market requires efficient adaptation of production, which leads to the application of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS). These systems are based on rapid and effective reconfiguration of manufacturing equipment that can be achieved only through high-level interoperability of the multi-vendor devices. OPC-UA (Open Platform Communication - Unified Architecture) as a platform-independent standard provides semantic interoperability and secure machine to machine communication and represents a basis for RMS development. In this paper, we illustrate how OPC-UA can be employed for integration of smart devices into legacy control system using an example of electropneumatic manipulation system and smart vision sensor. The smart vision sensor consists of a camera augmented by RaspberryPi platform that utilizes an image classification method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). |
18,357 | Please write an abstract with title: Hot-carrier-induced degradation for partially depleted SOI 0.25-0.1 /spl mu/m CMOSFET with 2-nm thin gate oxide, and key words: Charge carrier processes, Silicon on insulator technology, MOSFETs, Tunneling, Semiconductor device reliability. Abstract: Hot-carrier-induced degradation of partially depleted SOI CMOSFETs was investigated with respect to body-contact (BC-SOI) and floating-body (FB-SOI) for channel lengths ranging from 0.25 down to 0.1 /spl mu/m with 2 nm gate oxide. It is found that the valence-band electron tunneling is the main factor of device degradation for the SOI CMOSFET. In the FB-SOI nMOSFET, both the floating body effect (FBE) and the parasitic bipolar transistor effect (PBT) affect the hot-carrier-induced degradation of device characteristics. Without apparent FBE on pMOSFET, the worst hot-carrier stress condition of the 0.1 /spl mu/m FB-SOI pMOSFET is similar to that of the 0.1 /spl mu/m BC-SOI pMOSFET. |
18,358 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Phase Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) System with White Light Interferometer, and key words: Optical interferometry, Optical imaging, Tomography, Coherence, Optical scattering, Lighting, Image resolution, Light sources, Lenses, Lamps. Abstract: Phase imaging OCT system is developed by white light interferometer, which is built on Michelson interferometry provided with Kohler Illumination. Longitudinal resolution of the system is significantly improved due to short coherence length of white light. |
18,359 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart Bracelet Base on Internet of Things for Cashless Payment Transaction at Sunan Bonang Smart Tourism Supported by WLAN Network as a Communication System, and key words: Wireless LAN, Transportation, Packet loss, Manuals, Data collection, Throughput, Internet of Things. Abstract: In this paper, we use a location to be used as a research with the concept of Smart Tourism, the location used is Sunan Bonang Tuban. at the Sunan Bonang Tourism Complex, there is something identical, namely the existence of a tricycle as transportation to surround the Tourism Complex. When traveling with many visitors, the cash payment system is not very effective, RFID technology will help with its advantages that can be detected by radio frequency. Coupled with the android application that is used to order food, to reduce a queue. RFID is presented in the form of a Smart Bracelet that is supported by the QR Code, which is the QR Code used to login to the application. Smart bracelets are used as a means of payment, where payment transactions will be stored in the android application. With this concept, a network connection is needed to facilitate the transaction system, as a communication supporter, the Tourist Complex is equipped with a communication network, namely WLAN which is realized by several access points placed at several location points. So the systems built will run exact and suitable. Thus the Sunan Bonang Tourist Complex will form a Smart Tourist town based IoT. |
18,360 | Please write an abstract with title: Aberration control in holographic tweezers using image processing, and key words: Holography, Image processing, Optical modulation, Holographic optical components, Biomedical optical imaging, Optical imaging, Optical control, Postal services, Biology computing, Computer displays. Abstract: Holographic tweezers are based on computer-generated holograms displayed on a spatial light modulator (e.g. an LCD, DMD etc.). In biological imaging there are many sources of aberrations a spatial light modulator offers the possibility to control these aberrations. In our setup the spatial light modulator is used to modulate the trapping laser as well as to influence the imaging path. The aberrated particle image can be improved by writing a compensation function into the light modulator. The appropriate function is found by iteratively changing a linear combination of Zernike polynomials |
18,361 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Educational Resources-oriented Fair Recommendation System Based on Consortium Blockchain, and key words: Education, Smart contracts, Urban areas, Blockchain, Organizations, Security, Reliability. Abstract: The issue of fairness and trust in matching and recommending educational resources has always been a matter of great concern. Even in large cities with abundant educational resources, the problem of school choice in compulsory education is still very prominent. In view of the fact that blockchain technology, with its advantages in decentralization, immutability and traceability, has established a new trust model for global interconnection and brought transformative solutions to the pain points of various industries. We propose an educational resources-oriented fair recommendation system based on consortium blockchain to solve the above problems. Firstly, we unite schools, educational institutions and other organizations to build an education consortium blockchain. Then, experts and teachers extensively participate in the education consortium blockchain to make recommendations through the automatic execution of smart contracts. Besides, the data of the recommendation process is written into the blockchain ledger through the consensus mechanism, which allows participants to verify safely and reliably. Finally, the system test and analysis show that the system satisfies the fairness and credibility requirements of users and provides new ideas for the application of blockchain technology in education. |
18,362 | Please write an abstract with title: PILLBOT: Non-Contact Medicine Dispensing System for Patients in Quarantine, and key words: COVID-19, Service robots, Pandemics, Microcontrollers, Prototypes, Medical services, Containers. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a great risk faced by health workers when attending to those infected. We can reduce the risk of infection and minimize direct contact with these patients. For this, we need to develop a smart substitute that can carry out some of the necessary tasks. Advances in IoT have led to different applications. This paper presents PILLBOT, which is a prototype that moves using voice control mechanisms. It has two main contents: Pill dispenser and Syrup dispenser. Pill dispenser is designed for patients who forget to take their medication in time and the Syrup dispenser is designed for patients who are prescribed cough syrups. The prototype can be controlled by the health worker via Google assistant with Adafruit.io cloud service and remote-control app. Once it reaches the patient, he/she can place the medicine container on a sensor-based platform that triggers the dispenser circuit, therefore, procuring the medicine. PILLBOT represents an ideal substitute for a service robot that can be remotely controlled. |
18,363 | Please write an abstract with title: An approach to high resolution D/A converter utilizing a linear predictive coding, and key words: Linear predictive coding, Signal resolution, Signal processing algorithms, Decoding, Signal processing, Computer simulation, Prediction algorithms, Audio systems, Degradation, Quantization. Abstract: This paper proposes a linear predictive coding algorithm whereby the quality of the decoded signal is improved to realize a high resolution Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter and describes the performance of the algorithm using computer simulation. The first discussion is the present problems of the digital audio system, one of which is degradation of decoded signal by quantization noise inherent to D/A conversions. Next, some reports published to date for improving the problems, are evaluated to clarify the limitations of their technical applicability. As a result, by regarding the digital signal decoding system as a single function system, the arithmetic means of the input and output groups of signal components are regarded to be equivalent when those signal groups are seen from the viewpoint of their time averages, and proposed here is a digital signal processing algorithm using a linear predictive coding system. Conceptual circuit diagrams to implement the method are shown. The efficacy of this method has been demonstrated by computer simulation, that is, the method increases in effect resolution of the D/A conversion system by at least 1 to 2 bits. |
18,364 | Please write an abstract with title: A Human-Contactable Plasma Brush Applied In Biomedical Field, and key words: Brushes, Plasma jets, Power supplies, Shape, Voltage, Discharges (electric), Plasmas. Abstract: Atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma jet technology is widely used in biomedical field, but the diameter of plasma jet is only millimeter level, which constricts its applications for large-scale treatment, as the efficiency is relatively low. Even though the plasma jet array can broaden the treatment area, the performance is not uniform due to the gap between plasma plumes. Therefore, a uniform large-scale plasma jet which can be contacted by human body has great research prospects in biomedical field. In this paper, a plasma brush of 15mm width is produced using single-barrier dielectric barrier discharge structure and argon as discharge gas under the excitation of high-frequency AC power supply. By means of voltage-current waveforms, luminescence images, emission spectra and temperature nephogram, the optimal discharge conditions, active particle generation and plasma plume temperature of the plasma brush are analyzed. The results show that the length of the plasma brush increases with the increase of the amplitude of the excitation power supply voltage and the volume flow rate of argon gas. When the amplitude of the excitation power supply voltage is 18.0kV, and the volume flow rate of argon gas is 8.0L/min, the shape of the plasma brush is the best, and the U- shaped brush plasma with a length of 15.0mm can be formed. The maximum peak discharge current is less than 10.0mA, and the average discharge power is 3.9W. The emission spectra and temperature nephogram show that there are a lot of active particles such as OH, nitrogen and argon particles in the plasma brush, and the temperature of the plasma brush discharge plume is close to room temperature, which has a good prospect for biomedical applications. The safety of human contact is analyzed with the human equivalent impedance model, and verified with experiments. |
18,365 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Study and Detection of Spinal Deformities using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Machine learning algorithms, Pain, Spine, Machine learning, Back. Abstract: Many issues with various parts of the body in the lumbar spine might cause lower back pain. Machine learning models used in the medical sector for illness diagnosis aid medical professionals in identifying diseases based on symptoms at a premature time. The goal of this is to have a look at and decide the maximum essential bodily traits that result in spinal deformities, in addition to also forecasting spinal malformation primarily based on the bodily facts accrued from the spine. Univariate function selection acts as a filterprimarily based on characteristic choice. For the identification of spinal abnormalities, a variety of machine learning methodologies such as Decision Tree Classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and others are examined. The technique models are tested on a 310-sample dataset from the Kaggle repository. A number of parameters, including training and testing accuracy, recall, and f-1 score, are used to evaluate the performance of the classification of defective and healthy spinal patients. |
18,366 | Please write an abstract with title: Thompson-Sampling-Based Wireless Transmission for Panoramic Video Streaming, and key words: Prediction algorithms, Streaming media, Throughput, Wireless communication, Predictive models, Bandwidth, Adaptation models. Abstract: Panoramic video streaming has received great attention recently due to its immersive experience. Different from traditional video streaming, it typically consumes $4 \approx$ 6× larger bandwidth with the same resolution. Fortunately, users can only see a portion (roughly 20%) of 360° scenes at each time and thus it is sufficient to deliver such a portion, namely Field of View (FoV), if we can accurately predict user’s motion. In practice, we usually deliver a portion larger than FoV to tolerate inaccurate prediction. Intuitively, the larger the delivered portion, the higher the prediction accuracy. This however leads to a lower transmission success probability. The goal is to select an appropriate delivered portion to maximize system throughput, which can be formulated as a multi-armedbandit problem, where each arm represents the delivered portion. Different from traditional bandit problems with single feedback information, we have two-level feedback information (i.e., both prediction and transmission outcomes) after each decision on the selected portion. As such, we propose a Thompson Sampling algorithm based on two-level feedback information, and demonstrate its superior performance than its traditional counterpart via simulations. |
18,367 | Please write an abstract with title: Model Predictive Self-healing Control Scheme for Dual Active Bridge Converter, and key words: Electric potential, Bridge circuits, Switches, Predictive models, Cost function, Smart grids, Inductors. Abstract: This paper presents a model predictive self-healing control (MPSC) of dual active bridge (DAB) converter for battery energy storage system (BESS) application. The main feature of the proposed MPSC scheme is an autonomous corrective action at the prediction stage in comparison to conventional model predictive control (MPC) approach. This feature is required in particular for predictive controlled DAB converter to ensure and validate the predicted AC link inductor's current n-step ahead in horizon of time. The proposed MPSC for DAB converter doesn't require substantial tuning effort in comparison to conventional control schemes for DAB converters. The MPSC cost function is developed based on the desired phase shift between the primary and secondary sides' voltages of the DAB transformer. The self-healing loop utilizes the feasible range of power transfer in conjunction with the AC link inductor's voltage status i.e. profile, to validate the predicted current and phase shift for the cost function. The AC link inductor voltage profile in DAB converter could cause high error in predicted current, thus the proposed self-healing loop autonomously corrects potential error in current prediction. The theoretical concepts are validated via several case studies for the considered BESS application. The performance and design effort of the controller is compared with conventional PI-based control schemes for DAB. |
18,368 | Please write an abstract with title: Design And Development Of MGA System: A Maternity Guidance Light Weight Mobile Application, and key words: Pregnancy, Usability, Pediatrics, Natural language processing, Smart phones, Tools. Abstract: This paper reflects on the issue of assisting maternity in Bangladesh. We developed a compact solution that can help people as well as educate people on maternity issues-particularly in Bangladesh. The goal of this paper is to assess the applicability and usability for spreading the importance of maternity awareness as well as assisting pregnant women during emergencies. Our system integrated NLP (natural language processing) and machine learning algorithm for our system's Chabot (used in Women Helper module). This paper contains eight modules, such as Medicine Component, Doctor Consultation, Place Component, Food Indicator Tools, FAQ, SOS, BMI, and Women Helper. After completing a field survey with a sample size of 30, our proposed solution achieved a system usability score (SUS) 64.36 percent. We also compared our system with other existing solutions. Lastly, we also predicted the health status of our respondents by calculating their BMI scale. |
18,369 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive DropBlock-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Generative adversarial networks, Generators, Training, Feature extraction, Gallium nitride, Shape, Hyperspectral sensors. Abstract: In recent years, the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) has achieved great progress. GAN-based classification methods can mitigate the limited training sample dilemma to some extent. However, several studies have pointed out that existing GAN-based HSI classification methods are heavily affected by the imbalanced training data problem. The discriminator in GAN always contradicts itself and tries to associate fake labels to the minority-class samples and, thus, impair the classification performance. Another critical issue is the mode collapse in GAN-based methods. The generator is only capable of producing samples within a narrow scope of the data space, which severely hinders the advancement of GAN-based HSI classification methods. In this article, we proposed an Adaptive DropBlock-enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks (ADGANs) for HSI classification. First, to solve the imbalanced training data problem, we adjust the discriminator to be a single classifier, and it will not contradict itself. Second, an adaptive DropBlock (AdapDrop) is proposed as a regularization method employed in the generator and discriminator to alleviate the mode collapse issue. The AdapDrop generated drop masks with adaptive shapes instead of a fixed size region, and it alleviates the limitations of DropBlock in dealing with ground objects with various shapes. Experimental results on three HSI data sets demonstrated that the proposed ADGAN achieved superior performance over state-of-the-art GAN-based methods. Our codes are available at https://github.com/summitgao/HC_ADGAN. |
18,370 | Please write an abstract with title: Statistical Disorder Parameters Computing For Hyperspectral Image Anomaly Detection, and key words: Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Detectors, Feature extraction, Entropy, Anomaly detection, Hyperspectral imaging. Abstract: Two statistical disorder parameters are defined for hyperspectral anomaly detection in this paper. While the background information is usually located in principal components of the hyperspectral data containing the most energy, the low variance components contain anomaly or noise signals. Two introduced parameters are computed based on the principal components. The first parameter called as entropy contains the randomness value of the spectral measurements while the second parameter called as anisotropy contains the relative importance of the consecutive components of the hyperspectral image. The extracted features can be given to any arbitrary anomaly detector. The experimental results show that feeding entropy and anisotropy features to the RX detector provides a significant improvement in hyperspectral anomaly detection. |
18,371 | Please write an abstract with title: YogaTube: A Video Benchmark for Yoga Action Recognition, and key words: Codes, Taxonomy, Neural networks, Benchmark testing, Feature extraction, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Complexity theory. Abstract: Yoga can be seen as a set of fitness exercises involving various body postures. Most of the available pose and action recognition datasets are comprised of easy-to-moderate body pose orientations and do not offer much challenge to the learning algorithms in terms of the complexity of pose. In order to observe action recognition from a different perspective, we introduce YogaTube, a new large-scale video benchmark dataset for yoga action recognition. YogaTube aims at covering a wide range of complex yoga postures, which consist of 5484 videos belonging to a taxonomy of 82 classes of yoga asanas. Also, a three-stream architecture has been designed for yoga asanas pose recognition using two modules, feature extraction, and classification. Feature extraction comprises three parallel components. First, pose is estimated using the part affinity fields model to extract meaningful cues from the practitioner. Second, optical flow is used to extract temporal features. Third, raw RGB videos are used for extracting the spatiotemporal features. Finally in the classification module, pose, optical flow, and RGB streams are fused to get the final results of the yoga asanas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to establish a video benchmark yoga recognition dataset. The code and dataset will be released soon. |
18,372 | Please write an abstract with title: Progression towards an e-Management Centralized Blood Donation System in Saudi Arabia, and key words: Blood, Recruitment, Hospitals, Organizations, Time factors, Information technology. Abstract: Current healthcare systems rely on blood donation to save lives. Voluntary blood donation is the main source of blood supply in many countries. However, blood donors face barriers to donating such as time constraints and the long times required to complete registration and donor health questionnaires. Thus, this paper analyses the blood donor cycle and proposes information technology solutions. Based on the analysis, a Central Blood Donation Management System (CBDMS) is proposed with interconnected systems. The proposed system is among the first e-management systems for blood donation management in Saudi Arabia. Major components of CBDMS are explained to show the various functions of the system. The implementation of CBDMS can reduce the time required for blood donation by decreasing the information collected from the donors. The system can also improve the efficiency of the blood donation management system by linking various systems and importing information from different sites. It can also reduce blood donation errors and reduce the number of deferral blood donors. |
18,373 | Please write an abstract with title: Inflight Radiometric Calibration and Performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 for Version 10 Products, and key words: Calibration, Radiometry, Ocean temperature, Temperature measurement, Orbits, Extraterrestrial measurements, Telescopes. Abstract: The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) measures carbon dioxide and solar-induced fluorescence from the International Space Station (ISS). It uses the flight spare spectrometers from its predecessor, OCO-2, and produces spectral images in three near-infrared channels. Its preflight radiometric calibration was performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory and is constantly updated inflight to account for both gradual and abrupt changes in instrument response that display a wavelength dependence within the bands. Some of these are caused by the accumulation of contaminants and their subsequent removal after scheduled decontamination events, but sudden changes of the overall gain state of the two longest wavelength bands, unrelated to contamination, are also observed. They were found to be triggered by instrument resets as well as by decontamination events. OCO-3 cannot perform solar calibration due to its position on the ISS and the inflight updates to its radiometric calibration depend solely on its on-board calibrator, which consists of three lamps and a reflective diffuser. The lamps are observed with different cadences and thus degrade at different rates. Information from all three lamps is combined to provide high temporal resolution and minimize the impact of lamp aging on the gain degradation coefficients that describe the changes in the radiometric response of the instrument inflight. We use thousands of soundings from ocean scenes to assess the relative calibration within the two shortest wavelength bands. Here we present the algorithm developed for the inflight relative radiometric calibration of OCO-3 Version 10 products and discuss the state of the calibration. |
18,374 | Please write an abstract with title: Correlation Anisotropy of Friction Force During Sliding of Metallic Nanoparticles on Graphene, and key words: Nanoparticles, Friction, Force, Cobalt, Platinum, Graphene, Temperature dependence. Abstract: The research of temperature properties and correlation of friction force of metallic nanoparticles on graphene is represented. Modeling was led by molecular dynamics method through CUDA-technology. Calculations have been performed for aluminum, palladium, cobalt and platinum nanoclusters containing from 10000 to 20000 atoms at the temperatures from 300 K to 1400 K. Radial distribution function is built to analyze the structural changes of nanoparticles. We discuss the strong influence of the types of metals on the form of functions describing the behavior of nanoparticles during motion. |
18,375 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Comparison of Ryu and Floodlight Controllers in Different SDN Topologies, and key words: Topology, Network topology, Switches, Throughput, Jitter, Java. Abstract: Ryu and Floodlight controllers are being used in academia and industries for different research and development purposes. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of these controllers under different topologies namely single, linear, tree, torus and custom. Experiments are performed under a much known emulator, mininet. Four parameters were valuated under this experimental setups namely throughput, jitter, latency and packet loss. Valuation of results clearly shows that Ryu is giving better throughput as compared to Floodlight in all the topologies. In case of latency and jitter Ryu is performing better in all the topologies except Torus. Similar is the case with packet loss. |
18,376 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient Methane Node with Temperature Modulated Heating Profile, and key words: Wireless communication, Heating systems, Temperature measurement, Methane, Wireless sensor networks, Voltage measurement, Power measurement. Abstract: The results of the development of an embedded system for methane monitoring are presented. The embedded system presents an autonomous wireless sensor node with a radio module to control executive devices, in particular, shut-off valves. To provide the energy efficiency, the wireless sensor node operates in dynamic mode with a pulsed heating mode. Industrial catalytic sensor is used as a sensitive element. To prevent the burnout of the catalytic sensor microheater, which often occurs during pulsed heating, a two-stage heating pulse with a gradual increase in voltage was developed. Also, an algorithm is developed and implemented on the microcontroller to control the wireless sensor node. The wireless sensor node was tested with methane at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 vol. %. The battery lifetime of the wireless sensor node is approximately 540 days with one measurement per 30 s. |
18,377 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast parking control of mobile robots: a motion planning approach with experimental validation, and key words: Motion control, Robot control, Mobile robots, Motion planning, Convergence, Trajectory, Feedback, Tracking, Nonlinear control systems, Robustness. Abstract: This paper presents a solution to the general parking problem of nonholonomic mobile robots based on motion planning and tracking controller design. A new global tracking controller is first proposed to achieve global uniformly asymptotic stability and local exponential convergence. The parking problem is then transformed into a tracking one by adding a redesigned virtual trajectory to the original trajectory, thus guaranteeing practical stability with exponential convergence. Further improvement in parking performance is obtained through linearization and pole-placement methods. One feature of our approach is that fast convergence in parking and tracking can be treated at the same time without switching between two controllers. Moreover, a tuning function is used to enhance parking performance. With the proposed framework, various tracking controllers given in the literature can be adopted to handle parking problems. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by several interesting experiments including parallel parking and back-into-garage parking. |
18,378 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Cone Absorbing Material Based on Neural Network and Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Training, Backpropagation, Power transmission lines, Atmospheric modeling, Neural networks, Propagation losses, Scattering parameters. Abstract: When calculating the absorption capacity of periodic cone-shaped absorbing materials, full-wave simulation is often difficult due to the large electrical size. And the theoretical calculation formula of the transmission line can only be applied to the case where each layer is a uniform medium. Therefore, this paper uses optimization algorithms to extract the equivalent material parameters of absorbing materials with different volume ratios in the air, and trains the BPNN (back propagation neural network) based on this data, which can effectively calculate the effective material parameters on specified frequency, actual material parameters and volume ratio. The equivalent medium model established in this paper not only breaks through the limitation of the Maxwell Garnett model on the frequency of use, but also uses the optimization algorithm to avoid the inapplicability of the S-parameter extraction method in the case of high-order modes. |
18,379 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Federated Learning via Mean Field Approach, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Adaptive learning, Social computing, Distributed databases, Data models, Numerical models. Abstract: In order to solve the problem of "data island" and preserve individual’s privacy, federated learning, as a distributed machine learning technology, has emerged recently. In federated learning, the model training is distributed over edge clients and coordinated by a central server. Each client only needs to send the updated model parameter to the central server for aggregation without sharing its private data. However, due to the data divergence of heterogeneous clients, the convergence rate of the global model training may be very slow, especially for non-IID data case. To deal with this issue and achieve fast convergence, we propose an adaptive learning rate strategy for each client by considering the deviation of the local model parameter from the global model parameter at each global training iteration. To enable decentralized learning rate design for each client, a mean-field scheme is introduced to estimate the global model parameters over time, which does not even require many clients to communicate frequently. Finally, we run numerical experiments to validate our results. |
18,380 | Please write an abstract with title: A Virtual SVPWM based Power Control Scheme for Multi-Port DC-AC Converters in PV-Battery Hybrid Systems, and key words: Space vector pulse width modulation, Power control, Modulation, DC-AC power converters, Hybrid power systems, Regulation, Batteries. Abstract: A virtual space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) based power control scheme is investigated for the multi-port dc-ac converter in PV-battery hybrid systems. Two dc ports interfaced with PV and battery, and one ac port interfaced with ac grid, can be provided by the multi-port dc-ac converter, simultaneously. In order to realize flexible active power flow among PV, battery and ac grid, an outer power control loop with an inner virtual SVPWM scheme is analyzed in detail. The power regulation range of the multi-port dc-ac converter with the presented control is discussed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control and modulation scheme is verified by experimental results. |
18,381 | Please write an abstract with title: Adversary Detection and Resilient Control for Multiagent Systems, and key words: Safety, Behavioral sciences, Multi-agent systems, Control systems, Network systems, Monitoring, Measurement. Abstract: This article presents an adversary detection mechanism and a resilient control framework for multiagent systems under spatiotemporal constraints. Safety in multiagent systems is typically addressed under the assumption that all agents collaborate to ensure the forward invariance of a desired safe set. This work analyzes agent behaviors based on certain behavior metrics, and designs a proactive adversary detection mechanism based on the notion of the critical region for the system operation. In particular, the presented detection mechanism not only identifies adversarial agents, but also ensures all-time safety for intact agents. Then, based on the analysis and detection results, a resilient quadratic programming-based controller is presented to ensure safety and liveness constraints for intact agents. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the presented theoretical contributions. |
18,382 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm for Coherent Detection of Spectral-Efficient Signals with Decision Feedback and Extended Observation Interval, and key words: detection algorithm, decision feedback, intersymbol interference. Abstract: The article provides a derivation and description of an algorithm for detection of spectral-efficient signals with controlled intersymbol interference. The presented algorithm is based on a common technique with decision feedback, however, unlike known approaches, it assumes modification by expanding the observation interval. This allows us to use estimates of signals subsequent in the sequence using a method other than direct averaging according to the maximum likelihood criterion. |
18,383 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting 1-H Dead Fuel Moisture Content at Regional Scales Using Machine Learning from Himawari-8 Data, and key words: Satellites, Linear regression, Moisture, Fires, Geoscience and remote sensing, Forestry, Predictive models. Abstract: Dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) is of important significance for estimating and predicting forest wildfire risk, in which 1-h dead fuel is most critical as the easiest fuel to ignite. Current methodologies based on empirical and physical models rely heavily on meteorological data from uneven and sparse stations. In contrast, satellite data become a better choice since its continuous surface observations. Of all satellites, Himawari-8 is the most appropriate data to meet the rapid changes of DFMC throughout the day owing to its high time resolution. Thus, this study explored the application of 1-h DFMC predicting using machine learning from Himawari -8 data. Random forest was selected for the prediction and linear regression was used for comparison. The results showed that random forest has a satisfactory performance with higher R2 (0.53) and lower RMSE (3.15%) than that of linear regression (R2=0.21, RMSE=5.47%). The research suggested that predicting 1-h DFMC at regional scales using machine learning from Himawari -8 data is promising. |
18,384 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast FPGA-based Serial Receiver Design, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Instruments, Bit rate, Prototypes, Receivers, Transmission line measurements, Transceivers. Abstract: This paper describes a fast serial digital signal receiver for applications in nuclear instrumentation. The proposed design uses a Microsemi Polarfire FPGA embedded Ethernet transceiver for data oversampling (with frequency up to 12.7 GHz) and deserialization. The subsequent FPGA implemented digital signal processing chain then analyses the oversampled data array (at least 4 samples per data bit are required by the processing logic). This processing chain begins with a frame buffer, which ensures that the entire sampled data frame can be captured and a 5-bit majority parallel filter. Following start sequence detection logic uses a comparator array for valid data triggering and data offset evaluation. These information are then used by the sampling point selection logic for data restoration. Thanks to the single clock cycle operation of each of these logic blocks, the processing chain provides a constant propagation delay and no dead time is required between individual data frames. The device prototype based on this design is described and measurement results for a data bit rate of 400 MHz and a sampling rate of 3.2 GHz are presented. |
18,385 | Please write an abstract with title: Research of Surface Relief Morphology of Nanosized Gold Films by the Method of Scanning Tunnel Microscopy, and key words: magnetron sputtering, scanning tunneling microscope, nanosized gold films, ion sputtering, gold nanoparticles. Abstract: In the work, the morphology of the surface of thin gold metal films on a mica substrate was studied with the help of a scanning tunnel microscope “Micro-nano mod”. The results of the study of the structure of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the glass and polished monocrystalline silicon obtained by different sputtering methods are presented. The characteristic linear dimensions of the surface relief have been determined. It is shown that despite the difference in morphology of thin gold films obtained by different methods and on different substrates, the films mainly consist of spherical nanoparticles. Thus, having data on the vacuum sputtering mode as well as on the surface relief, it is possible to obtain a surface with a given set of properties. |
18,386 | Please write an abstract with title: A re-configurable architecture--radio processor, and key words: Signal processing, Costs, Computer architecture, Time to market, Energy consumption, Microprocessors, Heart, Computer aided instruction, Application software, Hardware. Abstract: The radio processor (RP) is a heterogeneous configurable computing subsystem, which is designed to perform layer 1 functions within different communication systems. The features of radio processor include (1) heterogeneous configurable architecture, (2) scalable infrastructure with unified design environment, (3) customizable design, (4) flexible instruction set, and (5) limited main-processor resource requirement. |
18,387 | Please write an abstract with title: A fault location method for aging bugs in Flight Control Software, and key words: Task analysis, Aerospace control, Software, Aging, Computer bugs, Fault location, Market research. Abstract: With the increasing complexity of flight control software, it becomes very challenging to improve the reliability of flight control software. There is a kind of software aging bugs which can reduce the system memory and eventually trigger failure, which will seriously affect the reliability of flight control software. Aiming at the bugs, a context-based software aging fault location method is proposed. Thie basic idea of the proposed method is to transfer the main circulation model of the flight control software into a task tree, and then extract main cycle executions runs into a sequence of task tree. By utilizing Cox-Stuart Test, the memory attribute of the central node of the task tree is detected to find the suspicious task. Thereafter, according to the relationship among the task tree series, suspicious tasks are selected to locate defects. The function of suspicious task is the location of the defect. Finally, an experiment is implemented and the results show that the proposed method can not only locate the defect, but also show the call context. |
18,388 | Please write an abstract with title: Software engineering challenges in bioinformatics, and key words: Software engineering, Bioinformatics, Data analysis, DNA, Sequences, Proteins, Crystallography, Genomics, Memory, Information retrieval. Abstract: Data from biological research is proliferating rapidly and advanced data storage and analysis methods are required to manage it. We introduce the main sources of biological data available and outline some of the domain specific problems associated with automated analysis. We discuss two major areas in which we are likely experience software engineering challenges over the next ten years: data integration and presentation. |
18,389 | Please write an abstract with title: Extended (180 V) voltage in 0.6 /spl mu/m thin-layer-SOI A-BCD3 technology on 1 /spl mu/m BOX for display, automotive and consumer applications, and key words: Voltage, Plasma displays, Routing, Electric breakdown, Random access memory, EPROM, Batteries, Stability, Scanning probe microscopy, Silicon devices. Abstract: In this paper the extension to 180 V of a compact 0.6 /spl mu/m Silicon-on-Insulator BCD-technology on 1 /spl mu/m Buried Oxide is discussed. DMOS performance (n- and p-type) at 180 V has been simulated after calibration on 120 V devices and first experimental results are given. Also the feasibility of milli-Ohm power devices in three level power metal without Cu plating is demonstrated. |
18,390 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Impact of Host Kernel Page Table Isolation on Virtualized Servers, and key words: Performance evaluation, Linux, Benchmark testing, Virtual machining, Hardware, Registers, Servers. Abstract: As Meltdown mitigation, Kernel Page Table I solation (KPTI) was merged into Linux kernel mainline, and the performance impact is significant on x86 processors. Most of the previous work focuses on how KPTI affects Linux kernel performance within the scope of virtual machines or physical machines on x86. However, whether host KPTI affects virtual machines has not been well studied. What's more, there is relatively little research on ARM CPUs. This paper presents an in-depth study of how KPTI on the host affects the virtualized server performance and compares ARMv8 and x86. We first run several application benchmarks to demonstrate the performance impact does exist. The reason is that with a para-virtual I/O scheme, guest offloads I/O requests to the host side, which may incur user/kernel transitions. For the network I/O, when using QEMU as the back-end device, we saw a 1.7% and 5.5% slowdown on ARMv8 and x86, respectively. vhost and vhost-user, originally proposed to optimize performance, inadvertently mitigate the performance impact introduced by host KPTI. For CPU and memory-intensive benchmarks, the performance impact is trivial. We also find that virtual machines on ARMv8 are less affected by KPTI. To diagnose the root cause, we port HyperBench to the ARM virtualization platform. The final results show that swapping the translation table pointer register on ARMv8 is about 3.5x faster than x86. Our findings have significant implications for tuning the x86 virtualization platform's performance and helping ARMv8 administrators enable KPTI with confidence. |
18,391 | Please write an abstract with title: Polytronics for biotronics: unique possibilities of polymers in biosensors and bioMEMS ?, and key words: Polymers, Biosensors, Biomedical measurements, Chemical and biological sensors, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetic sensors, Control systems, Biological materials, Biomedical materials, Mechanical sensors. Abstract: In recent years, sensing polymeric materials have gained a wide theoretical interest and practical application in biomedicine both in sensors and in bio-MEMS. They can be used for very different purposes and may offer unique possibilities. The paper give a broad summary of the polymer films used in these type applications. Polymers offer a lot of advantages for medical and biosensor technologies: they are relatively low cost materials, their fabrication techniques are quite simple, they can be deposited on various types of substrates using methods compatible with all microelectronic and micro fabrication technologies, as well as the wide choice of their molecular structure and the possibility to build in side chains, charged or neutral particles or even grains of specific behavior into the bulk material or on its surface region enables producing films with various physical and chemical properties including also sensing behavior. |
18,392 | Please write an abstract with title: From Decentralization to Oligopoly: A Data-Driven Analysis of Decentralization Evolution and Voting Behaviors on EOSIO, and key words: Production, Consensus protocol, Behavioral sciences, Voting, Oligopoly, Decentralized applications, Indexes. Abstract: As one of the most popular blockchain systems, EOSIO has been widely used in decentralized applications (DApps). Compared with traditional proof-of-work (PoW)-based blockchain systems like Bitcoin, EOSIO achieves a high transaction throughput and an alleged decentralization with the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus protocol. However, recent reports claimed the existence of voting collusion and manipulation during the DPoS consensus procedure of EOSIO, which may greatly decline the decentralization degree, fault tolerance, and reliability of the whole system. In this article, we obtain data from up to 135 000 000 blocks of EOSIO and conduct a data-driven decentralization analysis. Specifically, we characterize the decentralization evolution of the two phases in DPoS, namely block producer election and block production. Moreover, we study the voters with similar voting behaviors and propose methods to discover abnormal mutual voting behaviors in EOSIO. The analysis results show how EOSIO gradually evolves from decentralization to oligopoly and our methods can effectively capture abnormal voting phenomena in the EOSIO, which can also provide important insights for the design and maintenance of other DPoS-based blockchains. |
18,393 | Please write an abstract with title: LFM signal perception based on Wavelet transform and Time-Frequency Technology, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Training, Deep learning, Time-frequency analysis, Chirp modulation, Noise reduction, Radar. Abstract: Linear frequency modulation signals are a common modulation method for low intercept probability radar signals, a spread-spectrum modulation technique that does not require pseudo-random coding sequences and has been widely used in radar and sonar technology due to its large time-frequency product. In order to improve the perception of LFM signals in a low SNR environment, this study proposes a time-frequency analysis method for LFM signals based on segmentation denoising, wavelet transform denoising, and Choi-Williams Distribution. The results show that the method has good performance and feasibility under low SNR conditions and can exhibit clear time-frequency characteristics of the LFM signal at a SNR of -21dB. Finally, combined with deep learning, GoogLeNet is used as the training network and the time-frequency image as the training sample, which achieves a good signal detection probability. The detection probability is greater than 90% when the SNR is greater than -18dB, and the overall detection probability is better than other detection network models. |
18,394 | Please write an abstract with title: Real and Fake Label Image Classification Algorithm Based on HOG and SVM, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Costs, Smart cities, Support vector machine classification, Lighting, Machine learning, Feature extraction. Abstract: As the market for second-hand luxury goods continues to expand, authenticity must be verified when trading. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost of manually identifying luxury goods, this paper proposes a luxury identification method based on HOG feature extraction and SVM. This method uses a black label image of Gucci bags with anti-counterfeiting as an example. First, Collect true and fake sample photos, group and label the photos, make positive and negative samples, and perform normalization processing, and then extract the true and fake label HOG features, and then train the SVM as a true and fake label image classifier, using 200 test experiments were performed on the test samples, and the experimental results show that the accuracy rate of true and fake label image classification of this method reaches 90.25%, which can well identify the true and false labels under different lighting conditions. |
18,395 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Technophobia on the Digital Divide. A Preliminary Case Study in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and key words: Employment, Anxiety disorders, Education, Behavioral sciences, Digital divide, Statistics. Abstract: Over the years, technology has become an essential part of our lives, with technological advancement presenting on-going opportunities. However, it creates negative emotions, anxiety and fear among some people due to an established set of norms and individual behavior patterns. This has been described as technophobia, which constrains individuals’ ability to use technology and thus puts them at a disadvantage. The continuous emergence of new technologies has given rise to increased technophobia, which is now believed to affect a third of every population. This article examines the characteristics that influence technophobia as well as how technophobia impacts the digital divide. A quantitative methodology was employed, and 384 questionnaires were distributed to participants in East London in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The findings suggest that age, employment and educational level play a role in technophobia. However, young adults with no formal education and employment demonstrated lower levels of technophobia than other age groups. The results also showed that technophobia impacts the digital divide (access and skill). The article concludes with suggestions to manage technophobia. |
18,396 | Please write an abstract with title: DXQ-Net: Differentiable LiDAR-Camera Extrinsic Calibration Using Quality-aware Flow, and key words: Learning systems, Training, Uncertainty, Pose estimation, Predictive models, Probabilistic logic, Feature extraction. Abstract: Accurate LiDAR-camera extrinsic calibration is a precondition for many multi-sensor systems in mobile robots. Most calibration methods rely on laborious manual operations and calibration targets. While working online, the calibration methods should be able to extract information from the environment to construct the cross-modal data association. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have powerful feature extraction ability and have been used for calibration. However, most of the past methods solve the extrinsic as a regression task, without considering the geometric constraints involved. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end extrinsic calibration method named DXQ-Net, using a differentiable pose estimation module for generalization. We formulate a probabilistic model for LiDAR-camera calibration flow, yielding a prediction of uncertainty to measure the quality of LiDAR-camera data association. Testing experiments illustrate that our method achieves a competitive with other methods for the translation component and state-of-the-art performance for the rotation component. Generalization experiments illustrate that the generalization performance of our method is significantly better than other deep learning-based methods. |
18,397 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Image Registration of Different Wavebands Based on SIFT Algorithm, and key words: Industries, Image sensors, Image registration, Soft sensors, Optical imaging, Radar polarimetry, Registers. Abstract: With the continuous development of space industry, the types of remote sensing data obtained are increasing. Image registration is widely studied as a key step in image applications. However, the research of existing image registration methods focuses on the same band and the same data source, and there are relatively few studies on different data sources for different bands and different angles. For the images of different wavebands obtained by different types of sensors in the same scene, this paper uses the existing SAR images and optical images of different wavebands to register the different source images based on SIFT algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a good effect in the registration work between different source images. |
18,398 | Please write an abstract with title: Student Engagement in an Online Software Engineering Course, and key words: Learning systems, COVID-19, Conferences, Education, Software, Online services, Video recording. Abstract: Engineering instructors often rely on lectures as their primary mode of instruction even in project courses. In the lecture mode of instruction student engagement with the course material is often low or non-existent. Many engineering educators regard experiential learning as the best way to train the next generation of software engineers. For the past five years, one of the authors has taught a junior level software engineering course using active learning methods in a flipped classroom setting. During this past year, the COVID-19 lockdown prevented in-person delivery of this course. The challenge facing engineering faculty everywhere is figuring out how to include active learning experiences in online course delivery. This paper describes the authors' experiences introducing active learning methodologies into a junior level online software engineering course. The project team carefully considered the active learning course materials used in the in-person delivery of this course and adapted them to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of an online course delivery environment. Most importantly, a comparable online course delivery alternative needed to include zoom video class sessions containing live active learning exercises. The investigators compared the levels of student engagement between previous in-person offerings of the course with the online adaptation of the same course. Student engagement data was collected from each style of course delivery. In some cases, this data was supplemented by observational data and with Canvas course analytics. We found that students in both course settings were least engaged when listening to short lectures (either live or video recordings) and felt most engaged when involved in small group activities (either in person or in Zoom sessions with breakout rooms). |
18,399 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of THz transients with high electric-field, and key words: Gases, Sampling methods, Optical pulse generation, Pulse amplifiers, Frequency, Nonlinear optics, Ultrafast optics, Electric variables measurement, Crystals, Infrared spectra. Abstract: THz transients in the frequency range of 0.5 - 3 THz with electric field amplitudes of more than 100 kV/cm are generated by optical rectification in GaSe single crystals and measured by electro-optic sampling. |
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