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18,500 | Please write an abstract with title: Control system for partial body weight support device for human gait training, and key words: Control systems, Humans, Legged locomotion, Weight control, Auditory system, Servomotors, Real time systems, Computer languages, Linear feedback control systems, Velocity control. Abstract: This study is concerned with the control system design using Labview real time module and Matlab/Simulink combined system for an application to the partial body weight support (PBWS) system for human gait training actuated by a linear motor moving in translation. In order to control the linear motor, a simple PI position controller which includes a translation velocity feedback loop is employed. The role of the velocity feedback loop is to improve the stiffness of system loop used in motion control of the linear motor. A control algorithm is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink and the compiled Simulink blocks source code is downloaded to the Labview real time module. A steel frame necessary for supporting the patient is designed. A sinusoidal reference signal, which represents a normal person's dynamic center of mass oscillating pattern, is employed to train the patients. The success of the PBWS gait train device in rehabilitating patients depends on the device delivering the proper center of mass oscillating pattern with disturbance. This paper develops a control system to make the linear motor track the center of mass oscillating pattern and demonstrates the tracking performance of the proposed control system. |
18,501 | Please write an abstract with title: A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit with single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) feature, and key words: Encoding, CMOS logic circuits, Digital signal processing, Streaming media, Pipelines, Microprocessors, Throughput, Reduced instruction set computing, Frequency, Microarchitecture. Abstract: A high-performance and low-power 32-bit multiply-accumulate unit (MAC) is described in this paper. The last mixed-length encoding scheme used in the MAC leverages the advantage of a 16-bit encoding scheme without adding extra delay to the faster four-stage Wallace tree of a 12-bit encoding scheme. With this new encoding scheme, one-cycle throughput for 16-bit /spl times/16-bit and 32-bit /spl times/16-bit MAC instructions was achieved at very high frequencies. To handle media streams more efficiently, the single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) and the multiply-with-implicit-accumulate (MIA) features were added. A mixture of static CMOS logic and complementary pass-gate logic (CPL) was used to achieve the high-speed and low-power goals. Several power-saving techniques were also implemented in this MAC. |
18,502 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Viterbi Decoder Architecture Based on Code Rates, and key words: Measurement, Wireless communication, Viterbi algorithm, Multicore processing, Computer architecture, Network-on-chip, Digital communication. Abstract: In wireless technology, a most essential things to keep in mind about are the rate at which data can be sent and how well it can be corrected. The Viterbi decoder is used to make a network-on-chip based multicore architecture that is very energy efficient. The Viterbi decoder's mapping add-compare-select procedure was a big part of the energy efficiency. The Viterbi decoder reads a bit stream that has been encoded with convolution code. This is what the branch metric unit (BMU) does. It computes the distance among the received code word and the reference code word after the data has been encoded. An add-compare-select unit (ACSU) computes the branches and then selecting the most suitable trellis path based on those metrics. Finally, the SMU generates the decrypted bits using the trellis' optimal state sequence. So, if the message is incorrect, it will detect the error, rectify it, and send the revised code to the recipient. Data corruption in digital communication networks has been successfully addressed via error-correcting codes. It is commonly used in communication and processing of signal to produce reduced error transfer of data. |
18,503 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequency comb linewidth of an actively mode-locked fiber laser, and key words: Fiber lasers, Laser mode locking, Radio frequency, Laser noise, Optical fiber couplers, Laser theory, Frequency measurement, Laser stability, Delay lines, Optical mixing. Abstract: We have measured the linewidth of frequency comb lines from a mode-locked fiber laser. The effective linewidth is 12 kHz over 5 ms, and the intrinsic linewidth is estimated to be less than 3 kHz |
18,504 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Classification of ECG Signal based on Whale Optimization with Compact Multiclass Support Vector Machine, and key words: Support vector machines, Dimensionality reduction, Electric potential, Sensitivity, Shape, Medical services, Electrocardiography. Abstract: A Non-stationary signal called an electrocardiogram (ECG) is utilized to evaluate the rate of cardiac beats. Doctors can identify potential illnesses by comparing the general pattern and shape of the ECG waveform. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are the most often utilized technology in the diagnosis and analysis of arrhythmias. Dimensionality reduction technique like Isomap has been used to minimize the dimensions of the ECG data in this study. Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Compact Multiclass Support Vector Machine (CMSVM) were being used to classify the dimensionally reduced data. Isomap are classified using WOA+CMSVM, the analysis reveals that a specificity of 96.64%, sensitivity of 92.51% and overall accuracy of 97.69 % are achieved. |
18,505 | Please write an abstract with title: New Energy Reactive Power Optimization Based on Second-order Cone Programming, and key words: Reactive power, Renewable energy sources, Voltage fluctuations, Optimization methods, Programming, Linear programming, Regulation. Abstract: With the development of science and technology, new energy power generation has gradually emerged in the power energy market. It has many advantages, for example, it can effectively alleviate the problems caused by energy depletion, and it has the advantages of renewable and environmental protection, but there are also some problems. Due to its own instability and randomness, it will bring problems such as voltage flicker. Therefore, this article focuses on studying the problems of voltage control and reactive power optimization in coordination with the grid after new energy sources are connected to the grid. This paper uses IEEE33 as the basic model for research, and takes the minimum network loss and the minimum voltage deviation as the objective function to solve the problem under various operating constraints. This paper introduces a second-order cone optimization method, which finally proves the promotion effect of new energy grid connection on reactive power optimization. |
18,506 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolution Neural Network System for Discriminate Drug Sampling Technique SMOTE, and key words: Drugs, Proteins, Performance evaluation, Neural networks, Predictive models, Throughput, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Accurate predictions for Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) will improve the drug development and delivery efficiency. In recent years the DTI data has been accumulated rapidly and it is hot for using Deep Learning (DL) technologies for DTIs prediction however still designing a light learning framework is a challenge by the protein descriptions. In drug-target interactions, computational techniques are widely employed because experimental techniques are highly resource-intensive and consume time. This paper evaluates a design of Convolutional Neutral Network (CNN) System for Discriminate Drug Target Interactions with over Sampling Technique SMOTE. A Heterogeneous Graph Attention (HGAT) method for learning the bidirectional ConvL STM layers and compound molecules topological information to model the spatio-sequential information in drug data SMILES (Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System) sequences. Over-sampling SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) method is used for overcoming datasets imbalance issue and employed CNN algorithm is used as a classifier for DTIs prediction. Various parameters are considered on the benchmark dataset for the performance evaluation of described approach and will achieve high accuracy. The obtained results demonstrate that this presented approach involves the balancing technique effectiveness and classifier is employed for discriminating the interactions between targets and drugs. |
18,507 | Please write an abstract with title: A low-cost Raspberry PI-based vision system for upper-limb prosthetics, and key words: Cameras, Deep learning, Prosthetic hand, Computer vision, Acceleration, Neural engineering, Estimation. Abstract: To achieve human like stable grasp with prosthetic, the correct grasp type along with the appropriate grasp aperture need to be identified from the targeted object. In most of the advance myo-electric prosthetics, the problem has been solved by using computer vision system in addition with the prosthetics. The vision systems are placed over the prosthetic itself and it needs to move towards the target object. Upon reaching the target object, the system capture the object image and process it to generate the correct grasp type. The processing time delays the initiation of the grasp process. To reduce this time delay and make the grasp instant like normal human hand, we have developed a vision system with Raspberry PI along with the PI camera. The system moves toward the targeted object and captures images of the focused region at two intermediate positions. OpenCV DNN model was used to identify all the objects within the captured frame. The employed model provided the efficiency of deep learning models in object identification without using of any GPU. The width of the objects in terms of pixels were also estimated from the images. The distance travelled by the system was measured by the SensorHAT (integrated with the system) which recorded the acceleration and direction of the hand movement. The device was tested in the cluttered environment in recognising four different grasp types- Compliant, Lateral, Tripod closed and Wrist-flexion aided grasp. |
18,508 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Quality Indicators of Electric Vehicles in Distribution Grid, and key words: Electric potential, Vehicle-to-grid, Uncertainty, Power quality, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Power system reliability. Abstract: With the visible mitigation of the energy crisis, the distribution network is being challenged by the explosive growth of different EVs, and their infrastructures. The integration of such systems may bring forward multiple challenges to the electrical grid due to G2V and V2G capabilities. One of the main challenges is power quality (PQ) issues caused by EV charging infrastructures (EVCIs). The diversity and emergence of new technologies of EVCIs have made remarkable types of bilateral interactions together with reliability and PQ phenomena. The essential aim of this paper is to classify and explain these PQ indices in detail, which gives a comprehensive perspective to engineers and researchers working on potential PQ problems. |
18,509 | Please write an abstract with title: GUIDO: Automated Guidance for the Configuration of Deductive Program Verifiers, and key words: Industries, Computer bugs, Tools, Software, Software engineering, Testing. Abstract: The software industry is still in its infancy to widely adopt program verification tools as part of their daily software engineering processes. One key challenge is that many of today's program verifiers intent to cover numerous bug classes and are therefore manually configurable to support users with their varying verification projects. However, configuring a program verifier for a given verification problem requires extensive expertise, as an ill-chosen configuration may either unnecessarily slow down the verification process or even hinder a successful verification at all. In particular for configurable deductive program verifiers, this problem is barely addressed by current research. We propose GUIDO, a framework incorporating statistical hypothesis testing to compute promising configurations automatically. With GUIDO, domain experts channel their knowledge by formalizing hypotheses about the impact of choosing configuration options and let normal developers benefit. |
18,510 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of a Memory Type Shrinkage Estimator of Population Mean in Quality Control Process, and key words: Statistics, Sociology, Control charts, Process control, Estimation, Tools, Companies. Abstract: Controlling and improving quality is a major business strategy for various organizations. A company gains an advantage over its competitors by maintaining a high level of quality for products or services and pleasing its customers or clients. Control charts are a tool used in Statistical Process Control for the purpose of reducing variability in a process as well as estimating certain parameters. In the current manuscript, auxiliary information has been utilized to propose an estimator for process mean using hybrid exponentially moving average statistic. The proposed memory-type estimator utilizes prior information to provide better estimates from data which is time-scale based than conventional estimators which were designed for data collected at a single point of time. The properties of the estimator have been studied under Simple Random Sampling as well as Stratified Sampling structure. Simulation study has been conducted to illustrate its efficiency over contemporary estimators. Application to real data on datasets “Machine”, “Automobile” and “Auto MPG” is introduced to illustrate the method. |
18,511 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Video Summarization and Moment Localization by Cross-Task Sample Transfer, and key words: Location awareness, Training, Computer vision, Machine vision, Semantics, Collaboration, Training data. Abstract: Video summarization has recently engaged increasing attention in computer vision communities. However, the scarcity of annotated data has been a key obstacle in this task. To address it, this work explores a new solution for video summarization by transferring samples from a correlated task (i.e., video moment localization) equipped with abundant training data. Our main insight is that the annotated video moments also indicate the semantic highlights of a video, essentially similar to video summary. Approximately, the video summary can be treated as a sparse, redundancy-free version of the video moments. Inspired by this observation, we propose an importance Propagation based collaborative Teaching Network (iPTNet). It consists of two separate modules that conduct video summarization and moment localization, respectively. Each module estimates a frame-wise importance map for indicating keyframes or moments. To perform cross-task sample transfer, we devise an importance propagation module that realizes the conversion between summarization-guided and localization-guided importance maps. This way critically enables optimizing one of the tasks using the data from the other task. Additionally, in order to avoid error amplification caused by batch-wise joint training, we devise a collaborative teaching scheme, which adopts a crosstask mean teaching strategy to realize the joint optimization of the two tasks and provide robust frame-level teaching signals. Extensive experiments on video summarization benchmarks demonstrate that iPTNet significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art video summarization methods, serving as an effective solution that overcomes the data scarcity issue in video summarization. |
18,512 | Please write an abstract with title: Disaster-Resilient Network Upgrade, and key words: Manifolds, Costs, Runtime, Pandemics, Earthquakes, Optical fiber networks, Planning. Abstract: The manifold impacts of the current pandemic have highlighted the importance of reliable communication networks and services. As more and more people and services rely on this critical infrastructure, single link failure resilience is not sufficient anymore; networks must be disaster resilient. In this paper, we analyze the effects of disasters from a connectivity perspective and focus on reducing the likelihood of network disconnection in the event of a disaster through targeted link upgrades.In particular, we formalize the generalized Minimum Cost Disaster Resilient Network Upgrade Problem (DNP) (based on the previously published eFRADIR framework). We prove that this problem is NP-hard and as hard to approximate as the Knapsack Problem (KP). We present several methods for solving the DNP, in particular an ILP and two heuristics. We evaluate their performance on real networks and earthquake data and show that the upgrade cost of our disconnection probability based heuristic is only 3.5% higher than the optimum, while its resource consumption is negligible compared to the ILP. |
18,513 | Please write an abstract with title: NVH Analysis of Rotor Step Skewing on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, and key words: Solid modeling, Torque, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Rotors, Stators, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: Rotor step skewing is one of the widespread techniques to mitigate cogging torque and reduce torque ripple on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This technique also changes the distribution of the electromagnetic forces on the stator, which will impact the noise emitted from the motor. The prementioned effect haven’t been studied a lot in the literature with the majority focusing only on the torque ripple effect. This paper introduces the application of a multi-physics workflow to analyze the impact of different types of rotor step skewing on a selected PMSM motor for EVs application and compare the results with baseline motor. At first, electromagnetic finite element (FE) model will be used to extract and analyze the excitation on the stator teeth. Then, the computed forces will be applied to mechanical FE model to predict the radiated noise from the motor housing at different speed. The paper also proposes a novel method to use a two-dimensional FE model to compute the electromagnetic forces, instead of otherwise necessary 3D dimensional analysis. |
18,514 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical electromagnetic analysis of lightning-induced voltage over ground of finite conductivity, and key words: EMP radiation effects, Boundary value problems, Moment methods, Frequency domain analysis. Abstract: Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC-2), which is a computer code to analyze the three-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) field around thin wires in the frequency domain, has been successfully used in lightning-related studies such as lightning surge analyses or lightning EM pulse calculations over a perfectly conducting ground. NEC-2 is still more useful in investigating lightning-induced effects over ground of finite conductivity. This application of NEC-2 is investigated by comparing calculated results with an experiment over lossy ground. The advantages of the analysis using NEC-2 are that it can accurately compute the current distribution along a wire structure with small amount of postulation. It automatically incorporates coupling between a lightning channel and transmission lines, and it can also take account of finitely conducting ground in transient condition. In addition, it can also model conductors in any arbitrary angles, and it is available in the public domain. |
18,515 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning from direct adaptive neural control, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Control systems, Nonlinear control systems, Nonlinear systems, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Convergence, Automatic control, Learning systems, Radial basis function networks. Abstract: This paper studies deterministic learning for nonlinear systems in the sense that an appropriately designed adaptive neural controller is shown to be capable of learning the unknown system dynamics while attempting to control the system. Following an earlier result for a simple class of systems, it is shown that this "deterministic learning" ability can still be implemented for direct adaptive neural control (ANC) of more general nonlinear systems. Specifically, for direct ANC of nonlinear systems in the strict-feedback form, accurate learning of system dynamics in certain desired control occur when all the NN inputs, including the system states and the intermediate variables, become periodic or periodic-like (recurrent) signals such that a partial persistence of excitation condition is satisfied. Further, it is also revealed that the direct ANC has advantages over the indirect ANC concerning the learning ability. |
18,516 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Space Debris through Compact X Band FMCW Radar, and key words: Clearspace-1, microwave radar, FMCW, X-band, debris detection, CubeSat. Abstract: This contribution describes the preliminary project of a radar system designed to detect space debris. Whereas conventional debris detection systems rely on ground-based radar or optical instruments, the proposed radar is targeted to be mounted on a satellite. As a consequence of the space environment peculiarities, several technical constraints arise in addition to the requirements concerning the classic target detection. The technical characteristics of the radar payload together with the expected performance will be discussed throughout the text. |
18,517 | Please write an abstract with title: Turbo diversity based on SC/MMSE equalization, and key words: Diversity reception, Receiving antennas, Signal processing algorithms, Equalizers, Filtering, Computational complexity, Transmitting antennas, Iterative algorithms, Interference cancellation, Filters. Abstract: In this paper, an iterative (turbo) technique, soft-cancellation followed by minimum mean squared error filtering (SC/MMSE), is applied to the diversity combining of broadband single-carrier signals using multiple antennas. The major aim of this approach is to reduce the computational complexity of the original SC/MMSE equalization algorithm. It is shown that the performance of the proposed turbo diversity technique can asymptotically achieve that of the original SC/MMSE equalizer. |
18,518 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical communication transport and networking: trends, technology challenges, and opportunities, and key words: Optical fiber communication, Technology forecasting. Abstract: Summary form only given. There is a future. What will we need to meet and manage capacity demand in backbone data and IP networks? Innovative technologies that provide higher performance at lower cost are discussed. |
18,519 | Please write an abstract with title: Modified Phase-Shifted PWM for Cascaded Half-Bridges of Photovoltaic Application, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Power system harmonics, Pulse width modulation, Photovoltaic systems, HVDC transmission, Voltage control. Abstract: Photovoltaic power plants are generally far away from loads such as cities and industrial zones. Moreover, long-distance power transmission for renewable energy will become an inevitable trend in the future. Cascaded dc-dc converters can reach a high voltage to collect and transport photovoltaic energy, with advantages such as lower costs and larger capacities. However, the input power mismatch may cause a large amount of switching harmonic components, resulting in dc-link voltage fluctuations, which will not only increase the volume of filter components, but also cause unreliable circuit breaker actions. To solve the aforementioned problems, a hierarchical phase-shifted pulse width modulation (HPS-PWM) is proposed. By rationally grouping and layering the modules, low-order harmonics generated by the switching process of the dc-dc converter can be eliminated. The fluctuation of dc-link voltage can be suppressed by HPS-PWM, according to simulation results. When the number of modules is 27 and 81, the weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) of the HPS-PWM method can be reduced by more than 60% compared to the phase-shifted tracking pulse width modulation (PST-PWM) and fault tolerant adaptive phase-shifted pulse width modulation (FTA-PS-PWM). Finally, experiments verify the performance of HPS-PWM, agreeing with the simulation results. |
18,520 | Please write an abstract with title: Stable Learning-Based Tracking Control of Underactuated Balance Robots, and key words: Robots, Control design, Trajectory, Aerodynamics, Training data, Task analysis, Symmetric matrices. Abstract: We present a Gaussian process (GP)-based tracking control of underactuated balance robots in which an actuated subsystem is required to follow a desired trajectory, while an unactuated, unstable subsystem needs to be kept balanced. The GP models are used to capture the coupling effects between the actuated/unactuated subsystems through a constructed balance equilibrium manifold (BEM). Optimization-based algorithm is used to obtain the BEM estimation. The control design takes advantage of the structural property of the robot dynamics and is built on the GP models with a data selection algorithm. Stability analysis is given to guarantee the tracking control performance. The control design and comparison with other controllers are demonstrated through experiments on a rotary pendulum. |
18,521 | Please write an abstract with title: The status of fiber optics, and key words: Optical fibers, Wavelength division multiplexing, Erbium, Doped fiber amplifiers, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, Erbium-doped fiber lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Optical fiber devices, Industrial economics, Optical materials. Abstract: This paper gives a general review of the historical development and current status of the fiber optic industry. It encompasses such technical topics as erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), semiconductor lasers, dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) systems, fiber networks, LiNbO based modulators, and dispersion compensation. In addition, it discussed the economic infrastructure of the fiber optics industry and the role played by basic materials and device development. |
18,522 | Please write an abstract with title: A 17 -year retrospective review of lightning victims in Austria with focus on lightning effects, and key words: Law enforcement, Lightning, Lightning protection, Stroke (medical condition), Injuries, Accidents. Abstract: Lightning strikes often pose a great risk to humans and their surroundings. Due to the numerous lightning strikes in Styria (province of Austria) individuals are occasionally struck directly or indirectly by lightning. The majority of the victims survived, however carrying away damages to health, varying in their severity. In the period from 2000 to 2017 22 lightning accidents with 55 lightning victims were reported by the local police department, four of the victims not surviving the impact or their consequences. The lightning accidents are analyzed according to several indications, such as daytime of the accident, age and gender of the victims, mechanisms of energy transmission to the human body, visible trails of the current path and amplitudes of the lightning current of the detected strokes, which were compared with data from the literature. The circumstances of the accidents, the effects of the lightning currents on the human body and the medical consequences were very different for all lightning stroke victims in Styria, but all injury patterns described as characteristic in the literature occurred. On average, two people per year were injured by direct or indirect lightning in this area. It could be shown that the amplitude of the lightning stroke is not crucial for the severity of the accidents or the survival of the victims. |
18,523 | Please write an abstract with title: General Analysis of a Parallel-Plate Waveguide Inhomogeneously Filled with Gyromagnetic Media, and key words: Gyromagnetism, Nonhomogeneous media, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Electromagnetic waveguides, Equations, Waveguide components, Boundary value problems, Nonuniform electric fields, Vectors, Gyrotropism. Abstract: The boundary value problem for a parallel-plate waveguide filled with inhomogeneous gyromagnetic medium is expressed and thoroughly examined in terms of a linear operator equation. A suitable vector definition of transverse mode functions is given and their completeness and orthogonality are proved. Applying a new set of continuity conditions for field components normal to the cross-sectional interface, the transfer matrix for the multilayered parallel-plate waveguiding structure is determined and used to formulate a characteristic equation. The analysis is illustrated by the numerical investigation of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a two layer ferrite-air guide. |
18,524 | Please write an abstract with title: A multiscale fragile watermark based on the Gaussian mixture model in the wavelet domain, and key words: Watermarking, Wavelet domain, Discrete wavelet transforms, Authentication, Image coding, Wavelet coefficients, Distributed computing, Streaming media, Humans, Digital images. Abstract: The wavelet coefficients in 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) subspaces have a peaky, heavy-tailed marginal distribution that can be well described by a Gaussian mixture statistical model. In this paper, a multiscale implementation of fragile watermarks based on the Gaussian mixture model is presented. The presented new method can embed a message bit stream, such as personal signatures or copyright logos, into a host image. With the embedded message bits spreading over the whole image area, the new method can detect and localize any image tampering since it will inevitably destroy a certain message bits. Compared with some other fragile watermark techniques, the statistical model based method modifies only a very small amount of image data to embed watermarks and the modification is hardly perceived by human vision because it occurs at texture edges. Besides, the multiscale implementation of fragile watermarks based on the presented method can help distinguish some normal image operations such as compression from malicious attacks, which is meaningful in terms of semi-fragile watermarking applications. |
18,525 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Optimal Decoding of Incremental Delta-Sigma ADC Output, and key words: Decoding, Modulation, Lattices, Thermal noise, Quantization (signal), Estimation, System-on-chip. Abstract: This paper presents a nonlinear digital decoder (reconstruction filter) for incremental delta-sigma modulators. This decoder utilizes both the magnitude and pattern information of the modulator output to achieve accurate input estimation. Compared to the conventional linear filters with the same oversampling ratio (OSR), it can improve the converter's signal-to-quantization noise ratio by a few dB to a few 10's of dB with slight thermal noise performance degradation. Using the proposed decoder, the modulator's OSR can be a few times less while achieving the same resolution and data rate, thus minimizing the modulator as well as its peripheral circuits' energy consumption. In this paper, the proposed decoder is optimized for digital implementation, with its function being verified using a modulator prototype. This decoder is mainly designed for dc or near-dc signal conversions and it does not provide frequency notches. |
18,526 | Please write an abstract with title: Stretchable and Transparent Interconnects With Hybrid Ag-Nanomesh/Indium Tin Oxide Structure, and key words: Integrated circuit interconnections, Indium tin oxide, Substrates, Nanoscale devices, Resistance, Printing, Metals. Abstract: We demonstrate a hybrid structure for both transparent and stretchable interconnects, that provides high conductance, stretchability, and transparency simultaneously. In this structure, a serpentine-shaped discrete Ag nanomesh formed by the nanotransfer printing technique works as the primary conducting layer, while an indium tin oxide thin film covering it allows planar contact with other devices for proper functions as interconnects. We have confirmed that the hybrid serpentine interconnects provide high conductance and stretching reliability comparable to that of opaque ductile metals, and the transmittance and sheet resistance can be controlled independently by modifying the structural parameters of the mesh layer. Based on conventional photolithography and etching processes compatible with the current flexible circuit technology, the new hybrid interconnect can be utilized in various devices requiring highly integrated transparent and stretchable circuits. |
18,527 | Please write an abstract with title: A GCT-driver optimized for soft-switching high-power inverters with short circuit protection, and key words: Inverters, Protection, Switches, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Topology, Driver circuits, Power electronics, Thyristors, Medium voltage, Resonance. Abstract: Today two semiconductor families compete in the market of high-power inverters: the transistor type IGBTs and the thyristor type (I)GCT. The aim of this work is to combine the advantages of the GCT with the flexibility of the IGBT by developing an intelligent GCT-driver optimized for soft-switching inverters. This means the gate drive has to provide all the functionalities which these topologies demand and ensure a high reliability. The result is an easy-to-use gate driver that allows the construction of soft-switching medium-voltage inverters with significantly reduced efforts. |
18,528 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of dielectric resonator antennas excited by a coaxial probe with wideband enhancement, and key words: Dielectric resonator antennas, Broadband antennas, Coaxial components, Probes, Bandwidth, Antennas and propagation, Dielectric losses, Microstrip antennas, Microstrip antenna arrays, Impedance. Abstract: The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has become attractive to antenna designers in recent years. Two different dielectric resonator antenna configurations are investigated numerically. A coaxial probe excites each of the antenna configurations. The first configuration (stacked top insert DRA) achieves 25% matching and radiation bandwidth. The results of the second configuration (coated bottom insert DRA) will be presented later. The performance of both configurations is found to be similar to the stacked structure. |
18,529 | Please write an abstract with title: DSTATCOM based Closed Loop Controlled Wind Power Plant with Self Excited Induction Generator for Controlling Terminal Voltage against Load Disturbances, and key words: Wind energy generation, Voltage fluctuations, Fluctuations, Software packages, Induction generators, Perturbation methods, Wind power generation. Abstract: The Modern Power systems are incorporated with renewable energy generation resources such as solar and wind power plants. The everlasting Demand for electrical power leads to dynamic load variations on the electric grid subsequently resulting in frequency and voltages fluctuations. This article focused on the voltage control over wide scenarios of load variations on wind power plants equipped with DSTATCOM based Self Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The distribution generation system is formed with a DSTATCOM fed SEIG based wind power plant feeding an isolated load with its variations. The wind plant is subjected to speed variations as well as load perturbations leading to voltage fluctuations; hence SEIG is best suited generator for the wind plant. The SEIG may feed with delta connected three phase capacitor banks or DSTATCOM as used in the present case, which will stabilize the voltage fluctuations. This article deals with a standalone wind power plant, which is developed with GTO based Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) and its closed loop control for the terminal voltage control of the plant. The Simulink model has been derived and developed for the case study.The terminal voltage has been maintained for different load scenarios by the use of closed loop control of DSTATCOM and these results are presented in this article, which proves the effectiveness of DSTATCOM in voltage stabilization of wind power plants. |
18,530 | Please write an abstract with title: Epoxy composite with hBN fillers compatible with industrial application in electrical equipment, and key words: Electrodes, Substations, Electric breakdown, Thermal conductivity, Dielectrics, Gas insulation, Stress. Abstract: Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) has been used as secondary filler in an epoxy formulation in gas insulated substation (GIS) demonstrating higher electrical performance under HVAC stress, while being compatible with industrial process and constraints. A synergetic effect between hBN and alumina has been observed regarding thermal and electrical properties. A 500% increase in the thermal conductivity could be achieved with a limited impact on viscosity increase. Breakdown strength has been measured in flat sheets in oil and with embedded electrodes under divergent field simulating a defect. The breakdown strengths resulting from these different experimental setups show an interesting barrier effect from hBN even at low ratio in the formulation. Both results can be correlated with increased lifetime under thermoelectrical stress. |
18,531 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology mapping for SOI domino logic incorporating solutions for the parasitic bipolar effect, and key words: Silicon on insulator technology, Logic devices, Logic circuits, CMOS technology, Logic gates, Lead, Integrated circuit technology, Costs, Algorithm design and analysis, Bipolar transistor circuits. Abstract: We present a technology mapping algorithm for implementing a random logic gate network in domino logic. The target technology of implementation is silicon-on-insulator (SOI). SOI devices exhibit an effect known as parasitic bipolar effect (PBE), which can lead to incorrect logic values in the circuit. Our algorithm solves the technology mapping problem by permitting several transformations during the mapping process in order to avoid PBE, such as transistor reordering, altering the way that transistors are organized into gates, and adding pMOS discharge transistors. We minimize the total cost of implementation, which includes discharge transistors required for correct functioning. Our algorithm generates solutions that reduce the number of discharge transistors required by 53% and reduces the size of the final solution by 6.3% on average. We compare our results with a modification of a current technology mapping algorithm for bulk CMOS domino logic that reduces the cost of the final solution and find that our algorithm outperforms this method. |
18,532 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical Restrictions: Nonsmoothness of Objective Functions in Load‐Frequency Control, and key words: Frequency control, Power system stability, Load modeling, Steady-state, Regulation, Linear programming, Asymptotic stability. Abstract: In distributed optimization, the smoothness of objective functions plays a crucial role in the proofs of convergence and stability. This chapter investigates the distributed optimal load control (OLC) in power systems when the regulation cost is nonsmooth. It designs a distributed controller for the optimal load frequency control in power systems, where the regulation cost can be. It introduces necessary preliminaries and system models. The chapter formulates the optimal load frequency control problem and introduces the distributed controller. The convergence of the closed‐loop system and optimality of the equilibrium point is proved. The chapter confirms the performance of the controller via simulations on the IEEE 68‐bus system to demonstrate that the dynamic performance of the proposed controller outperforms the conventional automatic generation control (AGC). Though the attention is on load‐frequency control, the proposed methodology can be extended and applied to many problems involving nonsmooth objective functions. |
18,533 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Local Feature Intelligent Extraction Algorithm of Blurred Image Under Complex Illumination Conditions, and key words: Feature extraction, Lighting, Clustering algorithms, Image segmentation, Wavelet domain, Histograms, Discrete wavelet transforms. Abstract: Traditionally, multi-label feature extraction algorithm is used to extract local features of blurred images under complex illumination conditions. The computational complexity is extremely high and the extraction efficiency is low. Therefore, in this paper, the local feature intelligent extraction algorithm for blurred images under complex illumination conditions is proposed. The improved image segmentation algorithm based on local fuzzy C-means clustering is used to cluster and segment the blurred images. The image feature recognition algorithm based on wavelet transform and LBP log domain feature extraction is adopted. The blurred image is transformed from the spatial domain to the logarithmic domain to make two-stage discrete wavelet decomposition, and the high-frequency component is used to reconstruct the original image to perform high-pass filtering on the blurred image. By filtering the low-frequency illumination component to compensate the complex illumination, the block LBP is used to extract the local texture features of the blurred image after illumination compensation. The experimental results on Yale-B face database show that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract the local features of blurred images under complex illumination conditions, and the maximum robustness of the algorithm is 0.44, the maximum value of feature extraction error rate is 0.25, and the maximum value of feature extraction speed growth rate is 96%, with high robustness, accuracy and extraction efficiency. |
18,534 | Please write an abstract with title: A Knowledge Growing System-based Decision Making-Support System Application for Forces Command and Control in Military Operations, and key words: Command and control systems, Military computing, Decision making, Dynamics, Control systems, Real-time systems, Safety. Abstract: Decision-making in Commanding and Controlling (C2) of forces in a Military Operations (MILOPS) is a complex and tiring task, especially it requires a sustainable cognitive activity where the safety of the soldiers and the success of the mission objective are the primary consideration. In this research, we have developed a new Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (CAI)-based application for supporting the commander in carrying out C2 in a MILOPS. The core of the application is Knowledge Growing System (KGS) with ASSA2010 information-inferencing method that computes the three MILOPS primary parameters, namely Weather, Field, and Enemy (WFE). The computation results are the most probable route for delivering the forces considering the conditions of the WFE. The results of the test show that the Knowledge Growing System-based Decision Making-Support System for MILOPS (KGS-DMSSMILOPS) application has successfully worked properly. |
18,535 | Please write an abstract with title: Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) of Deep Neural Network (DNN) Model for Characterization of Algae Drying Kinetics, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Computational modeling, Neurons, Sociology, Algae, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: Drying is an essential step needed to improve the extraction of lipids and other valuable compounds in the algae for biodiesel production. However, there is a limited amount of information available regarding its drying kinetics. Previous studies have used computational intelligence e.g., artificial neural networks (ANN) and deep neural networks (DNN) to characterize the drying kinetics of algae. Chemical Reaction optimization (CRO), a recently introduced metaheuristic optimization approach, is employed in this study to identify the ideal number of neurons to use in a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model that will produce the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE). CRO can reduce the computational time since the population does not need to be coordinated in each computing units. The molecular structure in the CRO contains the set of neurons, while the potential energy (II) corresponds to the RMSE of the DNN model. At a minimum RMSE value, the accuracy of the moisture removal rate prediction increases given maximum temperature, sample temperature, time of drying, heat rate, and percent weight of the remaining algae. The DNN model created obtained an RMSE value of 4.9430 x$10^{-4}$ which corresponds to R -value of 0.9996 and 0.99958 in the training and validation phases. |
18,536 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical investigation of new organic materials for applications in organic solar cells, and key words: Compounds, Photovoltaic cells, Heterojunctions, Chemistry, Discrete Fourier transforms, Photovoltaic systems. Abstract: Novel designed organic compounds donor-acceptor-π-acceptor (D-A'-π-A) used for Bulk Heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ) based on indoline compounds as a donor, were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approaches. This study includes the predicting of the energy of HOMO, LUMO levels and the gap energy, the Voc (open circuit voltage) and λmax of absorption and other quantum parameters. The results show that the study of the structural, electronic and optical properties of these compounds as good candidates for use in photovoltaic applications. |
18,537 | Please write an abstract with title: Cavity-Enhanced Measurements of Benzene for Environmental Monitoring, and key words: Semiconductor device measurement, Measurement by laser beam, Pollution measurement, Absorption, Methane, Wavelength measurement, Mirrors. Abstract: A laser sensor is developed for trace detection of benzene. It is based on a DFB-ICL near 3.3 μm and off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption, enabling minimum detection of 2 ppb for 6-second integration at room conditions. |
18,538 | Please write an abstract with title: A Location-Sensitive Local Prototype Network For Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Computed tomography, Biological system modeling, Layout, Neural networks, Prototypes, Biological systems. Abstract: Despite the tremendous success of deep neural networks in medical image segmentation, they typically require a large amount of costly, expert-level annotated data. Few-shot segmentation approaches address this issue by learning to transfer knowledge from limited quantities of labeled examples. Incorporating appropriate prior knowledge is critical in designing high-performance few-shot segmentation algorithms. Since strong spatial priors exist in many medical imaging modalities, we propose a prototype-based method-namely, the location-sensitive local prototype network-that leverages spatial priors to perform few-shot medical image segmentation. Our approach divides the difficult problem of segmenting the entire image with global prototypes into easily solvable subproblems of local region segmentation with local prototypes. For organ segmentation experiments on the VISCERAL CT image dataset, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by 10% in the mean Dice coefficient. Extensive ablation studies demonstrate the substantial benefits of incorporating spatial information and confirm the effectiveness of our approach. |
18,539 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Stabilizing Control Policies for a Tensegrity Hopper with Augmented Random Search, and key words: Training, Degradation, Service robots, Industrial engineering, Search problems, Robustness, Manufacturing. Abstract: In this paper, the authors consider a tensegrity hopper - a novel tensegrity-based robot, capable of moving by hopping. The paper focuses on the design of the stabilizing control policies, which are obtained with the Augmented Random Search method. In particular, the authors search for control policies, which allow the hopper to maintain vertical stability after performing a single jump. It is demonstrated, that the hopper can maintain a vertical configuration, subject to the different initial conditions and with changing control frequency rates. In particular, lowering control frequency from 1000Hz in training to 500Hz in execution does not affect the success rate of the balancing task. |
18,540 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Basic Design Principles of Next Generation Human-Operator Decision Support Systems, and key words: Control systems, Task analysis, Process control, Reliability, Personnel, Trajectory, Mathematical model. Abstract: Providing of insight into an approach to creation of information human-operator decision support systems (IHODSS) for complex process plants as exemplified by nuclear power unit control. IHODSS functional basis is determined by accomplishing the following tasks essentially forming a triune task: prediction of power unit parameters behavior and process progress aspects, in-mode diagnostics, and early in-process recognition of anomalies; generation of recommendations on optimal process conditions. An overview of basic principles of development and function of IHODSS, software and hardware selection, as well as characterization of software and hardware suite for IHODSS tasks refinement are presented.. |
18,541 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge Detection of Human Face, and key words: Computer science, Training, Emotion recognition, Image edge detection, Face recognition, Process control, Detectors. Abstract: In recent decades, like computer science and digital image processing have become more mature, face recognition has attracted more attention. However, the human face is a very complex “picture”, and the computer will face a variety of problems when processing face patterns in different scenes. As one of the basic features of the image, the edge forms the outline of the object. Edge detection is one of the most important operations in image analysis and processing. In this paper, process the images by Matlab software, and compare the effects of different edge detectors. Take a picture of the face with a mobile phone, process it with Canny edge detector, Sobel edge detector, Roberts edge detector, and Prewitt edge detector, and compare the results. The experimental results demonstrated that Canny Edge Detector is the most suitable detector for detecting human faces' edges. |
18,542 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithms for FWM-aware routing and wavelength assignment, and key words: Wavelength routing, Wavelength assignment, Crosstalk, Four-wave mixing, Optical fiber networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, WDM networks, Physical layer, Optical fibers, Senior members. Abstract: This work presents a study on the impact of the four wave mixing in dynamic optical networks. We have proposed two algorithms for routing and wavelength assignment based on the limitations imposed by four wave mixing crosstalk. When the efficiency of the effect is not very high, the algorithms present a good performance in order to minimize the four wave mixing. The results suggest that, under certain conditions, there is no loss in basing the allocation of long routes only on the amount of FWM contamination of the new path, and not on the other active paths. |
18,543 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed fault detection via particle filtering and decision fusion, and key words: Fault detection, Algorithm design and analysis, Reliability, Availability, Monitoring, Sensor systems, Sensor fusion, Filtering algorithms, Detectors, State estimation. Abstract: Due to the growing demands for system reliability and availability of large amounts of data, efficient fault detection techniques are desired. In this paper, we consider nonlinear, non-Gaussian systems monitored by multiple sensors. Normal and faulty behaviors can be modeled as two hypotheses. Due to the communication constraints, it is assumed that sensors can only send binary data to the fusion center. Under the assumption of independent, identically distributed observations, we propose a distributed fault detection algorithm, including local detector design and decision fusion rule design, based on the state estimation by particle filtering. Experimental results show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm and its superiority over the conventional Kalman filter-based methods. |
18,544 | Please write an abstract with title: Output Variable Control with Signal Undefined Setpoint Generator, and key words: Multidimensional systems, Observers, Conference management, Generators, Real-time systems, Large-scale systems, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: The problem of tracking a given signal in linear non-minimum phase multidimensional systems under conditions of incomplete signal information about the state vector of the control plant model and the generator of given actions is considered. In contrast to known approaches, it is assumed that an unknown signal is applied to the input of a generator of given signal, which makes it possible to change the behavior of the job generator in real-time. For information support in the implementing of the proposed algorithms, state observers based on the theory of sliding modes and deep feedback are used. |
18,545 | Please write an abstract with title: ISO and DSO Coordination: A Parametric Programming Approach, and key words: ISO, Simulation, Voltage, Distribution networks, Programming, Cost function, Mathematical models. Abstract: In this paper, a framework is proposed to coordinate the operation of the independent system operator (ISO) and distribution system operator (DSO) to leverage the wholesale market participation of distributed energy resources (DERs) aggregators while ensuring secure operation of distribution grids. The proposed coordination framework is based on parametric programming. The DSO builds the bid-in cost function based on the distribution system market considering its market player constraints and distribution system physical constraints including the power balance equations and voltage limitation constraints. The DSO submits the resulting bid-in cost function to the wholesale market operated by the ISO. After the clearance of the wholesale market, the DSO determines the share of its retail market participants (i.e., DER aggregators). Case studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
18,546 | Please write an abstract with title: Proceedings at the three hundred and ninety-fourth general meeting, and key words: Kelvin, Australia, Voting, Power systems, Obituaries. Abstract: (President) was in the Chair and declared the meeting opened at 8 p.m. |
18,547 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic response of a plastic encapsulated high-g MEMS accelerometer, and key words: Plastics, Micromechanical devices, Accelerometers, Structural beams, Acceleration, Voltage, Wafer scale integration, Encapsulation, Particle beams, Glass. Abstract: A high-g MEMS accelerometer with double cantilever beams is sandwiched between a glass substrate and a protective cap using wafer level packaging technology, and then die attached and encapsulated in a Kovar header. Encapsulation is a key step to ensure the reliability of high-g MEMS accelerometer. There are currently few detailed reports on the encapsulation of high-g MEMS accelerometers. In this work, the dynamic response of the package structure under high-g shock acceleration is simulated using finite element method. By applying a 50 /spl mu/s half-sine pulse of acceleration with 100,000 g's peak (1 g = 9.8 m/s/sup 2/), results show that the effect of modulus of encapsulant on the output voltage and beam deflection can be ignored. The peak value of output voltage was close to the analytic solution, also for the equivalent stress at the root of beam. The cantilever beams of accelerometer still behave as damped free vibration, but the peak values of output voltage and beam deflection show well linearity with the peak acceleration applied. Encapsulant with elastic modulus > 4 GPa is rigid enough to encapsulate the chip. |
18,548 | Please write an abstract with title: COMPO*SED: Composite Parallel Coordinates for Co-Dependent Multi-Attribute Choices, and key words: System performance, Interoperability, Data models, Task analysis, Lenses, Cameras, Iterative methods. Abstract: We propose Composite Parallel Coordinates, a novel parallel coordinates technique to effectively represent the interplay of component alternatives in a system. It builds upon a dedicated data model that formally describes the interaction of components. Parallel coordinates can help decision-makers identify the most preferred solution among a number of alternatives. Multi-component systems require one such multi-attribute choice for each component. Each of these choices might have side effects on the system's operability and performance, making them co-dependent. Common approaches employ complex multi-component models or involve back-and-forth iterations between single components until an acceptable compromise is reached. A simultaneous visual exploration across independently modeled but connected components is needed to make system design more efficient. Using dedicated layout and interaction strategies, our Composite Parallel Coordinates allow analysts to explore both individual properties of components as well as their interoperability and joint performance. We showcase the effectiveness of Composite Parallel Coordinates for co-dependent multi-attribute choices by means of three real-world scenarios from distinct application areas. In addition to the case studies, we reflect on observing two domain experts collaboratively working with the proposed technique and communicating along the way. |
18,549 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a zero-forcing residue equalizer using a Laguerre filter architecture, and key words: Filters, Transfer functions, Decision feedback equalizers, Recursive estimation, Field programmable gate arrays, Hardware, Adaptive equalizers, Multiaccess communication, Scattering, Channel estimation. Abstract: A zero-forcing equalizer, based on the Laguerre filter architecture is proposed. The equalizer is designed using the residues and poles of the estimated transfer function that is required to be inverted. The paper describes the equalizer filter design procedure in detail. The advantage of using the Laguerre architecture in FPGA type hardware implementation is elaborated. The designed zero-forcing Laguerre equalizer could be extended for other type of equalizers such as adaptive equalizers and decision feed-back equalizers. An example of the Laguerre residue equalizer is shown in a communication application. |
18,550 | Please write an abstract with title: VEst: An Efficient Solution to the Camera Velocity Estimation from Minimal Feature Points, and key words: Cameras, Optical imaging, Transmission line matrix methods, Estimation, Mathematical model, Nonlinear optics, Angular velocity. Abstract: This paper presents a new method to determine camera velocity from image data. Velocity estimation has been underexplored, compared to estimating rotation and translation. Existing methods suffer from various drawbacks in terms of necessary conditions on the 3D structure of the scene, the types of camera velocities they can solve for, convergence of estimates, or necessary partial knowledge of the scene or velocity. Our approach uses optical flow vectors and delivers estimates of angular and linear velocities. Rigid body velocity equations are used to derive a polynomial system, which is then solved for the desired velocity terms as well as the current depths of feature points that root the optical flow vectors. Simulations are conducted to validate the correctness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The real-world KITTI dataset is used further to demonstrate the performance in practical problem. |
18,551 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of neural networks in production system's simulation, and key words: Neural networks, Production systems, Computational modeling, Data mining, Data analysis, Application software, Software performance, Software tools, Power system modeling, Data preprocessing. Abstract: Nowadays the most powerful tool to evaluate complex production processes' performance is simulation software. This approach is computationally slow. So one alternative could be an approximation of the original system's model able to detect the relationships between input and output, yet it's computationally more efficient than simulation. During training, a neural network is presented with several input/output pairs, and it learns the functional relationship between input and outputs of the simulation model. The network can guess the output for inputs other than the ones presented during training. Usually it's unknown what are the most significant variables for the output of a system. For this problem, it can be used as a data mining preprocess analysis to see the influence of each input parameter on the performance of the production process. In this paper it is shown a statistical nonparametric method, based on 8Parzen window, to make a data mining analysis and then a multilayer perceptron to approximate the original system. |
18,552 | Please write an abstract with title: Constrained Control of Moored Ocean Current Turbines With Cyclic Blade Pitch Variations, and key words: Blades, Rotors, Numerical models, Oceans, Hydrodynamics, Turbines, Analytical models. Abstract: In this article, a new method to control an ocean current turbine (OCT) is examined. The key innovation, inspired by helicopter control, is to use cyclic blade pitch angle variations. Output variance constrained controllers are designed for OCT flight control and their performance is analyzed. |
18,553 | Please write an abstract with title: Throughput and optimum parameters of FHMA system with multilevel FSK, and key words: Throughput, Frequency shift keying, Diversity reception, Telecommunication traffic, Frequency division multiaccess, Traffic control, Viterbi algorithm, Satellite broadcasting, Proposals, Information theory. Abstract: Optimization for system parameters including the modulation order, diversity order and traffic density to maximize the throughput of FHMA system with multi-level FSK is performed. Theoretical limit on the throughput and optimal system parameters are derived. The derived results can be applied to the conventional synchronous fast FHMA system with MFSK modulation based on the equivalent characteristic in multiple access channel model between both systems. |
18,554 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Machine Vision Using Human Perceptual Representations: The Case of Planar Reflection Symmetry for Object Classification, and key words: Systematics, Machine vision, Visualization, Computational modeling, Task analysis, Search problems, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Achieving human-like visual abilities is a holy grail for machine vision, yet precisely how insights from human vision can improve machines has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate two key conceptual advances: First, we show that most machine vision models are systematically different from human object perception. To do so, we collected a large dataset of perceptual distances between isolated objects in humans and asked whether these perceptual data can be predicted by many common machine vision algorithms. We found that while the best algorithms explain $\sim$70 percent of the variance in the perceptual data, all the algorithms we tested make systematic errors on several types of objects. In particular, machine algorithms underestimated distances between symmetric objects compared to human perception. Second, we show that fixing these systematic biases can lead to substantial gains in classification performance. In particular, augmenting a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network with planar/reflection symmetry scores along multiple axes produced significant improvements in classification accuracy (1-10 percent) across categories. These results show that machine vision can be improved by discovering and fixing systematic differences from human vision. |
18,555 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation for crosstalk in coupled microstrip transmission lines, and key words: Crosstalk, Couplings, Microstrip, Transmission lines, Transmission line theory, Impedance, Voltage, Analytical models, Equations, Capacitance. Abstract: In high-speed PCB design, parallel microstrip transmission lines are common, in which a serious crosstalk problem usually arises when dealt with incorrectly. In this paper, based on the mode of two parallel microstrip transmission lines, we discussed the crosstalk problem with coupled transmission lines theory. Then, the crosstalk problems under several circumstances are simulated, so as to analyze the influence of the crosstalk in different conditions. Finally, some methods of restraining crosstalk have been summarized to provide some qualitative advices for PCB design. |
18,556 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Second Conductive Filler to Improve the Properties of Hybrid Graphite Composites, and key words: Electric potential, Casting, Temperature, Graphite, Conductivity, Curing. Abstract: Hybrid graphite composite is a potential material for various electronic device applications, requiring good electrical conductivity properties. This study aims to investigate the electrical conductivity and tensile strength of hybrid graphite composites (epoxy/G150/G75 composites) for engineering applications. The larger conductive filler (150 µm) was used as the main conductive filler, while the smaller one (75 µm) was used as the secondary conductive filler in several different compositions. The casting process was used to produce hybrid graphite composites based on predetermined parameters. The results showed that the highest electrical conductivity and tensile strength were obtained in hybrid graphite composites at a composition of 80 wt. % (70 wt. %G150 and 10 wt. % G75), namely 25.5 S/cm and 4.5 N/mm<sup>2</sup>. The increase of secondary conductive filler content and curing temperature were significantly increased the electrical conductivity and tensile strength of the resulting hybrid graphite composites. |
18,557 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards a Predictable Open Source FaaS, and key words: FAA, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Auto-scaling is the capability of Function as a Service systems, that supports dynamic scaling of the function instances according to the incoming load. Auto-scalers fire scaling events when a certain threshold is exceeded. However, if this threshold is not set properly, the function can suffer from under or over-provisioning. In this paper we introduce an autoscaling solution for compute intensive functions that calculates the scaling threshold according to the user needs and keeps the completion times predictable even when the function is scaled out. The scaling threshold is given by a simulator that determines the completion time distribution of the function for a given load. We also show which load-balancing algorithm is recommended to use for our auto-scaler. We compare our auto-scaler to existing ones implemented in open source serverless projects. |
18,558 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive meta-clustering approach: combining the information from different clustering results, and key words: Bioinformatics, Robustness, Data mining, Information processing, Information analysis, Throughput, Clustering algorithms, Genomics, Proteomics, Signal analysis. Abstract: With the development of microarray techniques, there is an increasing need for information processing methods to analyze high throughput data. Clustering is one of the most promising candidates because of its simplicity, flexibility and robustness. However, there is no "perfect" clustering approach outperforming its counterparts, and it is hard to evaluate and combine the results from different techniques, especially in a field without much prior knowledge, such as bioinformatics. This paper proposes a meta-clustering approach to extract information from results of different clustering techniques, so that a better interpretation of the data distribution can be obtained. A special distance measure is defined to represent the statistical "signal" of each cluster produced by various clustering techniques. The algorithm is applied to both artificial and real data Simulations show that the proposed approach is able to extract information efficiently and accurately from the input clustering structure. |
18,559 | Please write an abstract with title: Achieving frequency-agile radio, and key words: Frequency, Bandwidth, Active inductors, Circuit optimization, Tuning, Tunable circuits and devices, Resistors, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys. Abstract: This paper describes techniques to achieve high bandwidth systems for a frequency-agile radio. A bottom-up approach has been followed where the tunability and bandwidth of the basic building blocks are enhanced, and then these improved elements are introduced into higher-level blocks in order to achieve large bandwidths. The approach has been used to improve the tunability and bandwidth of an active inductor by enhancing the tuning range of a tunable active resistor. This highly tunable active inductor is then used in a VCO that achieves more than 100% of frequency tuning range. All circuits have been fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. |
18,560 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Copolymerization on the Conductivity and Breakdown Properties of Polypropylene for Recyclable Cable Insulation, and key words: Resistance, Temperature, Polyethylene, Electric breakdown, Impurities, Conductivity, Cable insulation. Abstract: Modified polypropylene (PP) is regarded as a potential eco-friendly insulating material. Blending modification, grafting modification and nanoparticle doping have been used to improve the performance of PP with the inevitable introduce of impurities. Copolymerization is a prospective way to reduce impurity in PP, which deserves further research. In this paper, isotatic polypropylene (iPP), PP copolymer based on iPP (PPC) and cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) were compared through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), conductivity and AC breakdown test. IPP and PPC show higher melting temperature and breakdown field than XLPE, indicating that PP cable can withstand higher temperatures. The results of conductivity show that the current density of PPC is smallest under same electric field and the transition field strength of PPC is highest, indicating that the deep trap level and density of PPC may be higher than those of iPP, which might be caused by the structure defects observed in the results of POM. Therefore, PPC shows better performance than iPP and XLPE, suggesting that copolymerization of PP is a feasible way for future eco-friendly cable insulation. |
18,561 | Please write an abstract with title: Correlation Changes of EEG and ECG After Fast Cable CAR Ascents, and key words: Electroencephalography, Electrocardiography, Sea level, Europe, Humans, Fingers, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Frequency measurement, Sea measurements. Abstract: In the Eastern Alps in Europe, the Dachstein massif with a height of almost 3000 m is an ideal location for investigating the effects of changes in altitude on the human body. Within a few minutes, a cable car facilitates an ascent from 1702 m to 2700 m above sea level, where the partial pressure of oxygen is about 550 mmHg (as compared to 760 mmHg at sea level). In this study ten healthy subjects performed a reaction time task at 990 m and 2700 m in altitude. The subjects were instructed to perform a right hand index finger movement as fast as possible after a green light flashed (repeated 50 times). The corresponding electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. From the ECG heart rate and heart rate variability measures in the time and frequency domain were calculated. An event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis was performed with the EEG data. Finally, the EEG activity and the ECG parameters were correlated |
18,562 | Please write an abstract with title: Binary Dense Predictors for Human Pose Estimation Based on Dynamic Thresholds and Filtering, and key words: Adaptation models, Filtering, Pose estimation, Neural networks, Signal processing, Feature extraction, Decoding. Abstract: Binary neural networks (BNNs) contribute a lot to the efficiency of image classification models. However, in dense predication tasks such as human pose estimation, predictions in different locations are coupled and rely on the extraction of features across entire images. As a result, more robust and adaptive binarization is required to bridge the performance gap between binarized and full precision models. We propose two approaches to conduct image-aware and pixel-aware dynamic binarization in a model for human pose estimation. Firstly, a simplified dynamic thresholding is leveraged in the backbone to determine unique binarization thresholds for each image. Secondly, in the decoder, we decouple binarization for each pixel according to the activations surrounding the pixel. Dynamic filtering modules are proposed to determine a different binarization strategy for each pixel. Compared with the strong baselines, the proposed framework improves 5.2% and 3.6% mAP on the COCO test-dev benchmark for ResNet-18/34 architectures respectively. |
18,563 | Please write an abstract with title: An algorithmic approach to identifying link failures, and key words: Internet, Monitoring, Topology, Computer science, Fault tolerance, Intersymbol interference, Routing protocols, Fault diagnosis, Graph theory, Data analysis. Abstract: Due to the Internet's sheer size, complexity, and various routing policies, it is difficult if not impossible to locate the causes of large volumes of BGP update messages that occur from time to time. To provide dependable global data delivery we need diagnostic tools that can pinpoint the exact connectivity changes. We describe an algorithm, called MVSChange that can pin down the origin of routing changes due to any single link failure or link restoration. Using a simplified model of BGP, called simple path vector protocol (SPVP), and a graph model of the Internet, MVSChange takes as input the SPVP update messages collected from multiple vantage points and accurately locates the link that initiated the routing changes. We provide theoretical proof for the correctness of the design. |
18,564 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Electromagnetic Response of Graphene Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Using SVR, and key words: Training, Support vector machines, Patch antennas, Graphene, Microstrip antennas, Reliability engineering, Reflection coefficient. Abstract: In this paper, the application of advanced Support Vector Regression (SVR) approach in predicting the electromagnetic (EM) response of graphene reconfigurable patch antenna is mainly introduced. First, the EM response evaluation problem is recast as a vector regression problem, and then SVR is used to find an alternative model of a microstrip patch antenna instead of a full-wave (FW) simulation tool. With patch geometry, frequency and chemical potential as input and reflection coefficient as output, the EM response of the next generation patch antenna was estimated by using SVR through learning the training samples. Compared with the results of FW simulation, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are shown. |
18,565 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Based Placement Refinement to Reduce DRC Short Violations, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Metals, Machine learning, Predictive models, Very large scale integration, Routing, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: With the increasing complexity of the design rules, the routability has become one of the most essential factors that should be considered in the placement stage; however, being the routable basis of the placer in the past, the congestion map given by global routing cannot display the trend of routabiliy nowadays. If we want more comprehensive and close to the actual routing information, we must execute the complete flow including global routing and detailed routing, which is time-consuming. Therefore, how to access the accurate routing information rapidly is an important issue. This paper proposes a machine learning method and put it into our placement flow to help us solve the above problem. In this machine learning model, the features contain the information of placement itself and the global routing congestion. We utilize the model to predict the position of the detailed routing violations and feed the information back to placement system, and generate a new placement result afterwards. Experimental results show that comparing with the result of the original placer, the proposed methodologies can effectively decrease the number of the DRC violations. |
18,566 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Optimal Control Approach in Low-Thrust Orbit Transfer Problem, and key words: Space vehicles, Uncertainty, Heuristic algorithms, Optimal control, Aerospace electronics, Cost function, Orbits. Abstract: In this paper, the optimal low thrust planar orbit transfer problem is solved utilizing a fuzzy optimal control algorithm. Firstly, dynamic equations are presented in a discretized form, then all the design variables and constraints are transformed to fuzzy space, while minimizing the performance index and also satisfying transversallity conditions. Applying the concept of membership functions based on expert experience, the designed cost function associated with operational constraints are transformed to fuzzy relations through specific membership functions. Applying Bellman-Zadeh approach, the optimal control problem can be converted to a parameter optimization. Combining the performance index and problem's constraints in a scalar function, necessary optimality conditions are achieved in a form of nonlinear algebraic equations. Finally, to solve this set of equations, the gradient-based method is used. In comparison with the exact form of the problem, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is highlighted in terms of time and accuracy. In the fuzzy optimal control, a control designer could take advantage of determining the allowed limit for cost function. This algorithm could be successfully extended to fixed state or fixed control problems which is time-consuming in scope of the classical optimal control. |
18,567 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical and experimental Raman spectroscopy study of mechanical stress induced by electronic packaging, and key words: Raman scattering, Spectroscopy, Stress, Electronics packaging, Semiconductor device measurement, Current measurement, Finite element methods, Microassembly, Flip chip, Mechanical variables measurement. Abstract: The mechanical stress induced in Si chips by the packaging process (effect of die attach, flip chip bumping, etc.) is measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The measurements are performed on the [110] cross-section surface of the polished samples. This study shows that the current Raman formula for top-surface measurements cannot be used for cross-section measurements due to the anisotropic property of Si. The new formula for cross-section measurements is introduced in this paper. The experimental results are compared to finite element simulations. The Raman results correlate very well with the FE calculations. It shows that micro-Raman spectroscopy is a very interesting technique to study packaging induced stress in Si chips and to validate finite element calculations. |
18,568 | Please write an abstract with title: Cloud based Centralized Smart Cart and Contactless Billing System, and key words: Wide area networks, Wireless communication, Training, Cloud computing, Databases, Computational modeling, Real-time systems. Abstract: Cloud computing with Internet of Things (IoT) has been proven to solve major problems that automation can face when data is processed on each device at a time. The problems include bulkier utility devices used to harbour high-capacity processors, difficulty in unifying different devices. IoT when combined with cloud computing, the system gives a unified platform to work on making the processing of data and cooperation between different devices hassle-free. The proposed Smart Cart and Billing System automates the billing process using a cloud facility to maintain user data and makes it easy for both the user and the admin to navigate through the database in real time. To ensure an efficient and secure network line, this research study has introduced a standard network of 802.11n hardware with a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) architecture. Very few literatures have presented the cloud based centralised data management physical cart system. This is a unique approach to leverage fast wireless communication and centralised databases for minimising computational capacity consumption and latency. |
18,569 | Please write an abstract with title: Techniques for CAD Tool Parameter Auto-tuning in Physical Synthesis: A Survey (Invited Paper), and key words: Solid modeling, Uncertainty, Costs, Computational modeling, Machine learning, Very large scale integration, Complexity theory. Abstract: As the technology node of integrated circuits rapidly goes beyond 5nm, synthesis-centric modern very large-scale integration (VLSI) design flow is facing ever-increasing design complexity and suffering the pressure of time-to-market. During the past decades, synthesis tools have become progressively sophisticated and offer countless tunable parameters that can significantly influence design quality. Nevertheless, owing to the time-consuming tool evaluation plus a limitation to one possible parameter combination per synthesis run, manually searching for optimal configurations of numerous parameters proves to be elusive. What's worse, tiny perturbations to these parameters can result in very large variations in the Quality-of-Results (QoR). Therefore, automatic tool parameter tuning to reduce human cost and tool evaluation cost is in demand. Machine-learning techniques provide chances to enable the auto-tuning process of tool parameters. In this paper, we will survey the recent pace of progress on advanced parameter auto-tuning flows of physical synthesis tools. We sincerely expect this survey can enlighten the future development of parameter auto-tuning methodologies. |
18,570 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting celebrity to produce delight in multimedia tools, and key words: Motion pictures, Books, Explosions, TV, Psychology, Autism, Engineering profession, Moon, Communications technology. Abstract: The goal of multimedia research ought to be more than just understanding and classifying content, more than finding goals in a soccer match, or detecting jokes in a situation comedy. The real goal should be to merge the understanding of stories with the understanding of viewers' reaction to stories. This higher level representation will make multimedia tools more relevant in the long run because it considers both the what and why of content. By understanding both the elements that make up stories as well as audience reactions, systems can move past simple classification to the more distant horizon of story creation. Exploring features surrounding celebrities takes a step in this direction. |
18,571 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation Malfunction: Behavioral Characteristics of Different User Groups under Forced Transfer of Control, and key words: Automation, Vehicles, Roads, Automobiles, Time-frequency analysis, Frequency measurement, Time measurement. Abstract: This study presents a driving simulator experiment conducted on 47 drivers to investigate how different populations of users respond to automated system failure. On this account, a major takeover scenario of a level 3 automated vehicle malfunctioning at three high-speed critical curves along a freeway was designed. The drivers are notified with an auditory warning that is triggered instantaneously with the malfunctions, thus indicating a demand to takeover. The reaction time, time to regain control, frequency of time to regain control, frequency of unsafe curves, and type of control were used as measures of users’ behavior. The results show that conservative users may be able to learn how to take control of the car safely compared to aggressive users as they experience more malfunctions. However, there is enough evidence that such group of users are more likely to drop their level of trust in automation if they experience unsafe maneuvers or lose control. These findings are promising as they can help auto-makers better design autonomous vehicles and officials better establish educational programs, which can accommodate different groups of users. |
18,572 | Please write an abstract with title: Gaze-based Kinaesthetic Interaction for Virtual Reality, and key words: kinaesthetic interaction, gaze tracking, force-feedback device, virtual reality, workspace, fatigue. Abstract: Kinaesthetic interaction using force-feedback devices is promising in virtual reality. However, the devices are currently not suitable for interactions within large virtual spaces because of their limited workspace. We developed a novel gaze-based kinaesthetic interface that employs the user’s gaze to relocate the device workspace. The workspace switches to a new location when the user pulls the mechanical arm of the device to its reset position and gazes at the new target. This design enables the robust relocating of device workspace, thus achieving an infinite interaction space, and simultaneously maintains a flexible hand-based kinaesthetic exploration. We compared the new interface with the scaling-based traditional interface in an experiment involving softness and smoothness discrimination. Our results showed that the gaze-based interface performs better than the traditional interface, in terms of efficiency and kinaesthetic perception. It improves the user experience for kinaesthetic interaction in virtual reality without increasing eye strain. |
18,573 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge caching in blockchain empowered 6G, and key words: Blockchain, 6G mobile communication, Security, Servers, Reliability, Redundancy, Eavesdropping. Abstract: The sixth generation (6G) of wireless cellular networks is expected to incorporate the latest developments in network infrastructure and emerging advances in technology. In the age of 6G, edge caching technology will evolve towards intelligence, dynamics, and security. However, the security problems of edge caching, including data tampering and eavesdropping, are seldomly considered in most literatures. In this paper, we consider the two-hop edge caching where the blockchain and physical layer security technologies are adopted to prevent data from being tampered with and eavesdropped. We design blockchain-based framework to guarantee the reliability of important data such as the frequency of contents and jointly optimize content caching probability and redundancy rate to maximize the secure transmission probability. Extensive simulation shows that our optimization scheme can significantly improve the secure transmission probability of edge cache network, whether facing the threat of independent eavesdropping or joint eavesdropping. |
18,574 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of parasitic and stray components induced ringings in class E power amplifiers in MHz range, and key words: Power amplifiers, Switches, Switching circuits, High power amplifiers, Switching frequency, Parasitic capacitance, MOSFETs, MOS capacitors, Zero voltage switching, Switched capacitor circuits. Abstract: For class E power amplifier circuits operating at switching frequencies of the MHz range or higher, the parasitic capacitance of the MOS transistor switch becomes a significant part of the circuit adding to the usual intended circuit components. For the class E power amplifier, this is often regarded as an advantage because the parasitic capacitor can be utilized for achieving zero voltage and current switchings, thus reducing the size of an external capacitor which has to be inserted. However, parallel connection of parasitic, stray and external capacitors may give rise to high-frequency ringings of the voltage across the switch, causing the circuit to deviate from the desired class E operation. In this paper, the phenomenon and its underlying cause is studied by simulations and experiments. A circuit model of the amplifier with parasitic or stray components is developed to explain the phenomenon. |
18,575 | Please write an abstract with title: Systematizing Business Process Redesign Initiatives with the BPR:Assessment Framework, and key words: Measurement, Systematics, Decision making, Clustering algorithms, Optimization methods, Organizations, Business process re-engineering. Abstract: Business process redesign (BPR) has emerged as a widely accepted practice within organizations for delivering better products and services and ensuring measurable benefits. Despite the adoption of BPR, it largely remains the result of a creative process and there is a lack of approaches for evaluating the potential impact of a BPR method before investing in its implementation. This means that BPR initiatives are selected based on ‘black-box’ generic options that are not explicitly tailored to the culture, structure, and existing processes of the organization. This paper aims to address this gap by introducing the BPR: Assessment Framework, a conceptual model based on Design Science Research Process (DSRP). The framework is intended to assess the BPR capacity of process models based on their plasticity and external quality. The usability of the framework is presented in the following manner: (a) through the demonstration of the framework using a data-intensive workflow optimization method as an end-to-end paradigm, and (b) the BPR capability assessment of 15 business process models from literature, to better demonstrate the benefits of omitting ineligible models prior to BPR application. The categorization of the redesign capability of models was based on a tested cluster analysis method using the k-means algorithm. Based on the findings, a considerable number of process models proved to be either overly constrained for the application of redesign heuristics or did not possess the required external quality to be redesigned. The contribution of the approach lies in the fact that the framework can also be extended to apply systematic BPR to eligible BPs. The framework can serve as a reliable measurement of the redesign capacity of candidate process models and as an essential part of a systematic methodology for increased BPR effectiveness. |
18,576 | Please write an abstract with title: Pulse compression using direct feedback of the spectral phase from photonic crystal fiber output without the need for the Taylor expansion method, and key words: Pulse compression methods, Output feedback, Photonic crystal fibers, Taylor series, Pulse modulation, Pulse measurements, Optical computing, Optical interferometry, Chirp, Phase modulation. Abstract: Characterization and compensation of the complex spectral phase and the temporal profile of output pulses from a photonic crystal fiber (620-945-nm spectral broadening) were performed using a computer-controlled feedback system that combines a modified spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction apparatus and only a 4-f chirp compensator having a spatial light modulator. These pulses were adaptively compressed from 12-fs input pulses to 6.8-fs. In addition, the compressed pulse profile showed excellent agreement with results measured independently with fringe-resolved autocorrelation. |
18,577 | Please write an abstract with title: Gigahertz-rate 100-V pulse generator, and key words: Pulse generation, Semiconductor diodes, Pulse amplifiers, Plasma measurements, Voltage, Plasma waves, Electron traps, Power transmission lines, Distributed parameter circuits, Pulse circuits. Abstract: A high-density electron-hole plasma generated within a high-efficiency avalanche diode induces a sharp, high-voltage pulse on a transmission line. A novel gigahertz-rate pulse generator has been constructed utilizing the high- efficiency microwave avalanche diode. An impedance discontinuity within the circuit gives rise to a sharp pulse with undistorted waveform, which keeps retriggering the diode for a self-excited pulse generation. The peak- to-peak amplitude of the pulse is 125 V into a 50-/spl Omega/ load. The pulsewidth is 400 ps, the rise time 100 ps, and the fall time 200 ps. |
18,578 | Please write an abstract with title: Dense-depth-net: a spatial-temporal approach on depth completion task, and key words: Recurrent neural networks, Convolution, Roads, Video sequences, Supervised learning, Cameras, MONOS devices. Abstract: Depth completion is essential functionality in the perception system of an autonomous vehicle. With various convolution neural networks (CNN), scene geometric representation has been studied extensively under supervised learning or self-supervised learning. This paper utilizes recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to investigate temporal information from camera video sequences, which can help mitigate the mismatch between two consecutive data frames. Our paper proposed an architecture consisting of two sequence processing: the spatial exploitation stage built from a two-branches network and the temporal exploitation stage, a novel convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM). Furthermore, we take the ability of long short-term memory (LSTM)-based RNNs to estimate a one-step depth map as an additional role of the representations of objects not only in a data frame but also in its temporal neighborhood. Moreover, the proposed ConvLSTM network demonstrated to have the option to make depth forecasts for future or occluded parts of an image frame. We evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture on the KITTI dataset and achieve the result proving to improve accuracy via a supervised-learning. |
18,579 | Please write an abstract with title: Applying the Cyber-Physical Integration Technology on Material Color Discrimination, and key words: Optical fiber amplifiers, Color, Signal processing, Solids, Production facilities, Software, Real-time systems. Abstract: This study adopted cyber physical system (CPS) with the entity physical component and the cyber factory then developed the cyber-physical integration application scheme in an innovative and integrated way for material color discrimination in automation system. First, the optical fiber amplifier of the solid mechanism was adopted to detect the color value of materials, and then it was transmitted to programmable logic controller (PLC) for calculation and analysis to judge the colors of materials. Based on the results, the materials were sent to the cyber factory for operation. With human-machine interface (HMI) as the main axis of operation, the automatic system for cyber-physical integration was constructed by integrating the material color discrimination system of entity mechanism and the automatic cyber factory built by simulation software. |
18,580 | Please write an abstract with title: A 43nW 32kHz Pulsed Injection TCXO with 4.2ppm Accuracy Using ∆Σ Modulated Load Capacitance, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature dependence, Switches, Crystals, Very large scale integration, Capacitance, Low-power electronics. Abstract: This paper presents an ultra-low power temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) with a pulsed injection XO driver for IoT applications. Temperature compensation is achieved using a single switched load capacitance, modulated by a ∆ΣM. The ∆ΣM digitizes a piece-wise linear (PWL) approximation of the XO temperature dependence where a coarse 4-bit temperature sensor selects the PWL segment. The proposed 32.768kHz TCXO achieves an accuracy of ±4.2ppm from -20℃ to 85℃ with 3-point trimming and Allan deviation floor of 34 ppb while consuming 43nW. |
18,581 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-deposition events measured by the CRRES PHA experiment, and key words: Energy measurement, Extraterrestrial measurements, Predictive models, Pulse measurements, Volume measurement, Radiation effects, Satellites, Pulse generation, Silicon, Event detection. Abstract: The energy-deposition spectra measured by the CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) pulse height analyzer (PHA) experiment are reexamined to determine the relative contributions from the different mechanisms by which large localized energy-deposition events can be generated in silicon detector volumes flown in space. Comparisons with calculations generated by the CUPID simulation model modified to include pion-production and elastic-scattering events are used to generate a "best fit" trapped proton spectrum that is compared to the predictions of the NASA models for the CRRES orbit. |
18,582 | Please write an abstract with title: Avoiding useless multimedia packet over DiffServ networks with multiple bottleneck, and key words: IP networks, Quality of service, Multimedia computing, Computer networks, Australia, Streaming media, Protocols, Bandwidth, Throughput, Scheduling algorithm. Abstract: Useless packet transmission (UPT) arises when a multimedia stream becomes unintelligible because too many packets, in aggregate, are dropped by fair queuing algorithms at routers, even with low drop rates at individual routers. We propose two UPT avoidance (UPTA) schemes for networks with multiple congested links: partial UPTA (P-UPTA), which is core-stateless, and centralized UPTA (C-UPTA), which employs a bottleneck fairshare discovery (BFD) protocol to determine a flow's global fairshare. Our simulation study shows that P-UPTA eventually detects UPT, but bandwidth may be wasted on upstream links before UPT is detected, whereas C-UPTA avoids UPT in all situations as it always drops useless packets at the network edge. We quantitatively analyse the performance of C-UPTA in conjunction with WFQ, in terms of TCP throughput, file download time, MPEG-2 video intelligibility, and fairness. The results reveal that, for the scenarios simulated, the TCP throughput is improved by up to 50% without any significant impact on the intelligibility of the MPEG-2 video and the fairness of the scheduling algorithm. |
18,583 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical Application of a Positive Resistance Up-Converter for Ultra-Low-Noise Amplification, and key words: Masers, Varactors, Frequency conversion, Bandwidth, Low-noise amplifiers, Temperature distribution, Equivalent circuits, Instruments. Abstract: An ultra-low-noise, tunable s-band amplifier which uses a travelling-wave maser (TWM) as the second stage has been developed. The amplifier is made up of a cooled, tunable low-noise s-band varactor up-converter, a fixed-tuned, high-gain, C-band TWM, and an uncooled, tunable varactor down-converter connected in cascade. This receiver configuration has the advantage of combining the large tuning range capability of a parametric up-converter with the ultra-low noise temperature and unconditional stability of a maser. |
18,584 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of surface and internal defects on polyethylene electrical routine test on VHV cables, and key words: Polyethylene, Surface contamination, Cable insulation, Insulation testing, Laboratories, Humidity, Voltage, Needles, Impurities, Aging. Abstract: In order to improve the reliability of polyethylene cable insulation two types of harmful defects must be eliminated: 1- Imbedded conducting contaminants present during the course of routine test on drums. 2- Accidental superficial defects which may appear on the cable moulded accessories. A laboratory study on special samples and on commercially-made cable and accessories determined: 1- The harm of humidity on superficial defects. 2- The conditions of application for the routine test, i. e. the applied voltage level and the duration of time. Examination of the life curves obtained on sample containing short defects, simulated by a needle tip, proved the possibility of elimination of harmful impurities without aging the insulation. |
18,585 | Please write an abstract with title: Global consistency mapping with a hybrid representation, and key words: Error correction, Solid modeling, Navigation, Orbital robotics, Laser modes, Robot sensing systems, Robustness, Large-scale systems, Indoor environments, Minimization methods. Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of error correction applied to autonomously mapping large scale cyclic environment by mobile robots based on laser scan measurements. The model of the unknown indoor environment is structured as a hybrid representation, both topological and geometrical, which is incrementally built during the exploration task. The correction methodology is based on the minimization of geometric elastic relations between different places of the environment, constrained by rigid geometrical model inside each place. Results are presented which shows the minimization of inconsistencies related to an autonomous constructed hybrid model by the application of the proposed methodology. |
18,586 | Please write an abstract with title: An energy-efficient reconfigurable circuit-switched network-on-chip, and key words: Energy efficiency, Network-on-a-chip, Computer architecture, System-on-a-chip, Energy consumption, Runtime, Communication networks, Application software, Switching circuits, Communication switching. Abstract: Network-on-chip (NoC) is an energy-efficient on-chip communication architecture for multi-tile system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. The SoC architecture, including its run-time software, can replace inflexible ASICs for future ambient systems. These ambient systems have to be flexible as well as energy-efficient. To find an energy-efficient solution for the communication network we analyze three wireless applications. Based on their communication requirements we observe that revisiting of the circuit switching techniques is beneficial. In this paper we propose a new energy-efficient reconfigurable circuit-switched network-on-chip. By physically separating the concurrent data streams we reduce the overall energy consumption. The circuit-switched router has been synthesized and analyzed for its power consumption in 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. A 5-port circuit-switched router has an area of 0.05 mm/sup 2/ and runs at 1075 MHz. The proposed architecture consumes 3.5 times less energy compared to its packet-switched equivalent. |
18,587 | Please write an abstract with title: From OPS-SAT to PRETTY Mission: A Second Generation Software Defined Radio Transceiver for Passive Reflectometry, and key words: PRETTY, Nanosatellite, Software Defined Radio, RF front end, Passive Reflectometry. Abstract: After the successful launch of the ESA OPS-SAT Nanosatellite in December 2019, the Institute of Communication Networks at Graz University of Technology (TUG) has started its work on a new second-generation Software Defined Radio (SDR) transceiver platform for the ESA PRETTY mission. The mission goal of PRETTY is the demonstration of the passive reflectometry concept with an SDR on a 3U Nanosatellite. The PRETTY satellite requires a powerful second-generation SDR receiver that extends the functionality and performance of the first-generation SDR used for OPS-SAT. There are many lessons learned about the first-generation SDR characteristics, the performance, ease of use and the strengths but also the weaknesses of the design during the OPS-SAT environmental and functional testing campaign. The second-generation SDR design considers the experiences from the first-generation SDR and implements several improvements for the thermal behavior, mechanical sustainability, device control and status monitoring in order to achieve higher overall performance and reliability. The second-generation SDR uses an AD9361 radio frequency (RF) frontend chip, that allows the signal reception with two independent receive channels and signal transmission with two independent transmit channels. In particular, the new transmit functionality of the second-generation SDR is a remarkable improvement compared to the first-generation SDR for OPSSAT, due to its full-duplex, bidirectional communication capabilities. Further improvements provide the possibility, to extend the design with RF mixer boards, to achieve the flexibility required for future applications on higher RF bands. |
18,588 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient polling of devices in CANopen networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Communication system control, Automatic control, Access protocols, Hardware, Microprogramming, Automotive applications, Industrial control, Robustness, Delay. Abstract: In this paper a new technique is introduced that enables the communication efficiency of CANopen networks to be increased above its current limit. In particular, significant improvements can be achieved in all those cases where the application master needs to poll whole groups of input devices or process data have to be sampled at different rates. The new mechanism does not require any modification to the hardware of CAN controllers, but only slight changes to the CANopen protocol stack. Thus, it can be implemented easily and inexpensively by simply upgrading the firmware of the existing devices. |
18,589 | Please write an abstract with title: Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quadrotor UAV using an Auto-tuning Robust Sliding Mode Controller, and key words: Manifolds, Uncertainty, Trajectory tracking, Neural networks, Stability analysis, Trajectory, Tuning. Abstract: This work presents the development of an intelligent nonlinear sliding mode control strategy to control the motion of a quadrotor, subjected to bounded external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. As opposed to the conventional sliding manifolds, the proposed algorithm utilises a terminal sliding manifold for ensuring that the tracking error converges to its steady state value in finite time. In addition, alongside the nonlinear sliding manifold, a power rate reaching law is used to attenuate chattering. The controller gains are tuned using the principle of gradient-descent so as to mitigate the effect of external disturbances as well as parametric uncertainties in the system such that the overall control effort is minimized. The overall stability of the system as well as the expression for convergence time are analysed and obtained using the Lyapunov’s stability theory. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller as opposed to the neural network based classical sliding mode controller. In addition, simulations are presented to establish the significance of the gain tuning approach. The presented approach is also validated in in Real-time using the DJI Matrice 100 in outdoor environment. |
18,590 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of LTE based Communication for Fast State Estimation in Low Voltage Grids, and key words: Long Term Evolution, Topology, Load modeling, Voltage measurement, Network topology, Mathematical model, Smart grids. Abstract: In this work we investigate the applicability of Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) based communication systems operating in the low Ultra High Frequency range for a fast State Estimation in Low Voltage (LV) grids at high update rates.To estimate the state of the LV grid, the Branch-Current based State Estimation algorithm is modified such that voltage measurements are additionally considered while keeping the complexity low. A detailed LV grid topology and simulation model is then designed and used to find the communication networks performance for operation on 450 MHz and 2100 MHz. The resulting delay and packet loss rate distributions are used to evaluated the state estimation accuracy for different update intervals for a LV grid during a period of high photovoltaic feed-in variations. Optimal update rates are identified and further verified by analytical LTE cell load factor calculations.In the spirit of open science, the simulation code as well as the result files are publicly available at the reference provided in the conclusion. |
18,591 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation Study on Thickness Measurement Characteristics of Pipeline Axial Shear Wave based on EMAT, and key words: Analytical models, Magnetic field measurement, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Oils, Pipelines, Electromagnetic scattering, Acoustics. Abstract: Electromagnetic ultrasonic thickness measurement is a non-contact measurement of pipe wall thickness by receiving ultrasonic signals generated by electromagnetic excitation coupling. By analyzing the working mechanism of electromagnetic ultrasonic, the simulation model of electromagnetic ultrasonic thickness measurement is constructed by using Comsol Multiphysics multi-physics simulation software. The static magnetic field distribution produced by permanent magnet and the distribution and main characteristics of magnetic field, electric field and sound field in the process of electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer energy conversion are analyzed. The propagation process of electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave in pipeline non-planar specimens is studied. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave thickness measurement performance is excellent, and the measurement accuracy can reach 0.001 mm. |
18,592 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploration and Practice of Open Sharing Management Mode of University Laboratories Based on Internet Informatization, and key words: Industries, Solid modeling, Biological system modeling, Education, Virtual reality, Data models, Internet. Abstract: To solve the common management problems in the open operational mode of laboratory, this thesis proposes an Internet and information-based management mechanism of sharing equipment. It offers offline/online support and guarantee of virtual reality, builds a vertical, hierarchical management model, thus making laboratory management more reasonable and efficient. In this management model, laboratory builds an ecological development system based on an Internet information technological data sharing platform. |
18,593 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Dimensional Asteroid Reconstruction Via Multi-Aspect Ground-Based Sar Images: An Optimization Comparison, and key words: Surface reconstruction, Shape, Asteroids, Radar, Radar imaging, Telescopes, Reconstruction algorithms. Abstract: Main approaches of observing asteroids rely especially on ground-based optical telescopes, yet not capable of detecting detailed structures of the surface. However, ground-based radar observations can provide delay-Doppler images which help to reconstruct a more accurate shape model. To form the shape model of asteroids, we propose a shape reconstruction method via multi-aspect delay-Doppler radar images and describe the surface through spherical harmonic coefficients. In order to reconstruct shape model as accurate as possible, an optimal solution of the coefficients is required. Three traditional optimization algorithms are applied and performances are compared. When positive decision is made, suitable parameters can achieve effectively with these algorithms followed with an accurately recovered shape of asteroids. Numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
18,594 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Comparison of Impedance Source Inverter with different suitable PWM approaches, and key words: Voltage source inverters, Simulation, Capacitors, Pulse width modulation, Impedance, Power conversion, Voltage control. Abstract: Impedance source converter (ZSI) has improved features like efficient power conversion and reduced dependence on voltage source inverter (VSI), which makes it a good alternative for various distributed generating power applications. The concept of ZSI is well established and depends on the zero states found in the PWM technique of a VSI. In terms of boosted output voltage, THD of line current, voltage stress, shoot through state generation and converter gain, this paper examines a three-phase ZSI with maximum constant boost control method (MCBC) maximum boost control (MBC) and simple boost control (SBC) . The simulation results have been shown to verify the theoretical findings. |
18,595 | Please write an abstract with title: A Case Study on the Multi-Vector Data Breach on Astoria, and key words: Databases, Companies, Data breach, Big Data, Software, Internet, Risk management. Abstract: Managing the security of big data has become increasingly more complex as threat actors continue to maliciously exploit legacy and outdated systems of smaller and medium-sized firms. In this paper, we explore Astoria Company’s data breach, whereby the attacker exfiltrated vast amounts of confidential user data by exploiting MySQL and PHP-based vulnerabilities in a popular database management tool. Furthermore, we analyze the attack methodology of the perpetrator and the range of impacts incurred by the breach. The novelty of this paper is centered primarily on the range of defensive solutions we propose for the firm and for similar companies to deter and mitigate such attacks. These defensive solutions and risk mitigation strategies range from relatively low-cost software updates to more wide-ranging IT governance changes. The aim of this paper is to highlight the increasing need to safeguard the security of the big data held by smaller businesses, which have become prime targets for such type of attacks. |
18,596 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Graph Message Passing Networks, and key words: Message passing, Task analysis, Computational modeling, Convolution, Neural networks, Computer vision, Context modeling. Abstract: Modelling long-range dependencies is critical for scene understanding tasks in computer vision. Although CNNs have excelled in many vision tasks, they are still limited in capturing long-range structured relationships as they typically consist of layers of local kernels. A fully-connected graph is beneficial for such modelling, however, its computational overhead is prohibitive. We propose a dynamic graph message passing network, that significantly reduces the computational complexity compared to related works modelling a fully-connected graph. This is achieved by adaptively sampling nodes in the graph, conditioned on the input, for message passing. Based on the sampled nodes, we dynamically predict node-dependent filter weights and the affinity matrix for propagating information between them. Using this model, we show significant improvements with respect to strong, state-of-the-art baselines on three different tasks and backbone architectures. Our approach also outperforms fully-connected graphs while using substantially fewer floating-point operations and parameters. |
18,597 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems, and key words: Takagi-Sugeno model, Fuzzy systems, Artificial intelligence, Fuzzy neural networks, Fuzzy sets, Multidimensional systems. Abstract: In the paper, a new class of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems is derived. Various parameters and weights are incorporated into construction of such systems. The approach presented in the paper introduces more flexibility to the structure and design of neuro-fuzzy systems. |
18,598 | Please write an abstract with title: Customized interactive robotic treatment for stroke: EMG-triggered therapy, and key words: Medical treatment, Rehabilitation robotics, Electromyography, Humans, Robot sensing systems, Laboratories, Biomechanics, Mechanical engineering, Patient monitoring, Force measurement. Abstract: A system for electromyographic (EMG) triggering of robot-assisted therapy (dubbed the EMG game) for stroke patients is presented. The onset of a patient's attempt to move is detected by monitoring EMG in selected muscles, whereupon the robot assists her or him to perform point-to-point movements in a horizontal plane. Besides delivering customized robot-assisted therapy, the system can record signals that may be useful to better understand the process of recovery from stroke. Preliminary experiments aimed at testing the proposed system and gaining insight into the potential of EMG-triggered, robot-assisted therapy are reported. |
18,599 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimum variance in biased estimation: bounds and asymptotically optimal estimators, and key words: Maximum likelihood estimation, Signal processing, Seismology, Process control, Communication system control, Seismic measurements, Image restoration, Spatial resolution, Smoothing methods, Image analysis. Abstract: We develop a uniform Cramer-Rao lower bound (UCRLB) on the total variance of any estimator of an unknown vector of parameters, with bias gradient matrix whose norm is bounded by a constant. We consider both the Frobenius norm and the spectral norm of the bias gradient matrix, leading to two corresponding lower bounds. We then develop optimal estimators that achieve these lower bounds. In the case in which the measurements are related to the unknown parameters through a linear Gaussian model, Tikhonov regularization is shown to achieve the UCRLB when the Frobenius norm is considered, and the shrunken estimator is shown to achieve the UCRLB when the spectral norm is considered. For more general models, the penalized maximum likelihood (PML) estimator with a suitable penalizing function is shown to asymptotically achieve the UCRLB. To establish the asymptotic optimality of the PML estimator, we first develop the asymptotic mean and variance of the PML estimator for any choice of penalizing function satisfying certain regularity constraints and then derive a general condition on the penalizing function under which the resulting PML estimator asymptotically achieves the UCRLB. This then implies that from all linear and nonlinear estimators with bias gradient whose norm is bounded by a constant, the proposed PML estimator asymptotically results in the smallest possible variance. |
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